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Ghandour S, Hong L, Aramesh M, Persson C. Mechanical characterization and cytocompatibility of linoleic acid modified bone cement for percutaneous cement discoplasty. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 158:106662. [PMID: 39096682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Minimally invasive spine treatments have been sought after for elderly patients with comorbidities suffering from advanced degenerative disc disease. Percutaneous cement discoplasty (PCD) is one such technique where cement is injected into a degenerated disc with a vacuum phenomenon to relieve patients from pain. Adjacent vertebral fractures (AVFs) are however an inherent risk, particularly for osteoporotic patients, due to the high stiffness of the used cements. While low-modulus cements have been developed for vertebroplasty through the addition of linoleic acid, there are no such variations with a high-viscosity base cement, which is likely needed for the discoplasty application. Therefore, a low-modulus polymethyl methacrylate was developed by the addition of 12%vol. linoleic acid to a high-viscosity bone cement (hv-LA-PMMA). Initial experimental validation of the cement was performed by mechanical testing under compression over a period of 24 weeks, after storage in 37 °C phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. Furthermore, cement extracts were used to evaluate residual monomer release and the cytotoxicity of hv-LA-PMMA using fibroblastic cells. Relative to the base commercial cement, a significant reduction of Young's modulus and compressive strength of 36% and 42% was observed, respectively. Compression-tension fatigue tests at 5 MPa gave an average fatigue limit of 31,078 cycles. This was higher than another low-modulus cement and comparable to the fatigue properties of the disc annulus tissue. Monomer release tests showed that hv-LA-PMMA had a significantly higher release between 24 h and 7 days compared to the original bone cement, similarly to other low-modulus cements. Also, the control cement showed cytocompatibility at all time points of extract collection for 20-fold dilution, while hv-LA-PMMA only showed the same for extract collections at day 7. However, the 20-fold dilution was needed for both the control and the hv-LA-PMMA extracts to demonstrate more than 70% fibroblast viability at day 7. In conclusion, the mechanical testing showed promise in the use of linoleic acid in combination with a high-viscosity PMMA cement to achieve properties adequate to the application. Further testing and in vivo studies are however required to fully evaluate the mechanical performance and biocompatibility of hv-LA-PMMA for possible future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ghandour
- Div. of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Linglu Hong
- Div. of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Morteza Aramesh
- Div. of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Div. of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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2
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Zhang C, Cai X, Li M, Peng J, Mei J, Wang F, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Fang S, Xia D, Zhao J. Preclinical Evaluation of Bioactive Small Intestinal Submucosa-PMMA Bone Cement for Vertebral Augmentation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2398-2413. [PMID: 38477550 PMCID: PMC11005825 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, bioinert poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is a conventional filler employed for quick stabilization of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). However, because of the poor osteointegration, excessive stiffness, and high curing temperature of PMMA, the implant loosens, the adjacent vertebrae refracture, and thermal necrosis of the surrounding tissue occurs frequently. This investigation addressed these issues by incorporating the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) into PMMA (SIS-PMMA). In vitro analyses revealed that this new SIS-PMMA bone cement had improved porous structure, as well as reduced compressive modulus and polymerization temperature compared with the original PMMA. Furthermore, the handling properties of SIS-PMMA bone cement were not significantly different from PMMA. The in vitro effect of PMMA and SIS-PMMA was investigated on MC3T3-E1 cells via the Transwell insert model to mimic the clinical condition or directly by culturing cells on the bone cement samples. The results indicated that SIS addition substantially enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, the bone cement's biomechanical properties were also assessed in a decalcified goat vertebrae model with a compression fracture, which indicated the SIS-PMMA had markedly increased compressive strength than PMMA. Furthermore, it was proved that the novel bone cement had good biosafety and efficacy based on the International Standards and guidelines. After 12 weeks of implantation, SIS-PMMA indicated significantly more osteointegration and new bone formation ability than PMMA. In addition, vertebral bodies with cement were also extracted for the uniaxial compression test, and it was revealed that compared with the PMMA-implanted vertebrae, the SIS-PMMA-implanted vertebrae had greatly enhanced maximum strength. Overall, these findings indicate the potential of SIS to induce efficient fixation between the modified cement surface and the host bone, thereby providing evidence that the SIS-PMMA bone cement is a promising filler for clinical vertebral augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiongxiong Cai
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang
Province, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jin Mei
- Institute
of Biomaterials, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute
of Biomaterials, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute
of Biomaterials, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Institute
of Biomaterials, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Shuyu Fang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhao
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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3
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Kubota M, Furuya M, Yokota K, Kanetaka H, Ogawa T, Saito S, Jeyadevan B, Shimabukuro M, Yokoi T, Kawashita M. Proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on polymethyl methacrylate cements containing Fe 3O 4 and TiO 2 for hyperthermic treatment of metastatic bone tumors. J Biomater Appl 2023; 38:605-613. [PMID: 37807835 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231205681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widely used to relieve pain caused by metastatic bone tumors. We previously found that PMMA bone cement containing 15 mass% or more of TiO2 showed good apatite-forming ability, and 25 mass% or more of Fe3O4 generated sufficient heat for hyperthermia under an alternating current (AC) magnetic field. In this study, the cytocompatibility of PMMA bone cement with Fe3O4:TiO2 weight ratios of 25:15 (F25T15-3/2-42) and 30:15 (F30T15-3/2-42) was evaluated using osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1). The proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were suppressed for F25T15-3/2-42 and F30T15-3/2-42 compared to PMMA bone cement without Fe3O4 and TiO2 (F0T0-3/2-42). The release of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers from F25T15-3/2-42 and F30T15-3/2-42 at 7 days was about 33 and 50 times higher than that from F0T0-3/2-42, respectively. The remarkable release of MMA monomers from F25T15-3/2-42 and F30T15-3/2-42 may be responsible for the suppressed proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The release of MMA monomers was not reduced when the MMA/PMMA weight ratio was decreased from 3/2 to 1/1, however, it was significantly reduced by increasing the content of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) to 8 and 4 mass% against MMA, respectively. Proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on PMMA-type cements containing Fe3O4 and TiO2 with increased BPO and DMPT contents need to be investigated in the future; however, our findings will be useful for designing PMMA cements for the hyperthermic treatment of metastatic bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Kubota
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maiko Furuya
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kotone Yokota
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Ogawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Masaya Shimabukuro
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Yokoi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kawashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Roato I, Genova T, Duraccio D, Ruffinatti FA, Zanin Venturini D, Di Maro M, Mosca Balma A, Pedraza R, Petrillo S, Chinigò G, Munaron L, Malucelli G, Faga MG, Mussano F. Mechanical and Biological Characterization of PMMA/Al 2O 3 Composites for Dental Implant Abutments. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3186. [PMID: 37571080 PMCID: PMC10421041 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and biological behaviors of PMMA/Al2O3 composites incorporating 30 wt.%, 40 wt.%, and 50 wt.% of Al2O3 were thoroughly characterized as regards to their possible application in implant-supported prostheses. The Al2O3 particles accounted for an increase in the flexural modulus of PMMA. The highest value was recorded for the composite containing 40 wt.% Al2O3 (4.50 GPa), which was about 18% higher than that of its unfilled counterpart (3.86 GPa). The Al2O3 particles caused a decrease in the flexural strength of the composites, due to the presence of filler aggregates and voids, though it was still satisfactory for the intended application. The roughness (Ra) and water contact angle had the same trend, ranging from 1.94 µm and 77.2° for unfilled PMMA to 2.45 µm and 105.8° for the composite containing the highest alumina loading, respectively, hence influencing both the protein adsorption and cell adhesion. No cytotoxic effects were found, confirming that all the specimens are biocompatible and capable of sustaining cell growth and proliferation, without remarkable differences at 24 and 48 h. Finally, Al2O3 was able to cause strong cell responses (cell orientation), thus guiding the tissue formation in contact with the composite itself and not enhancing its osteoconductive properties, supporting the PMMA composite's usage in the envisaged application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Roato
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Donatella Duraccio
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Diletta Zanin Venturini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Mattia Di Maro
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Alessandro Mosca Balma
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Riccardo Pedraza
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maria Giulia Faga
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Federico Mussano
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
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5
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Wilson BJ, Philipose Pampadykandathil L. Novel Bone Void Filling Cement Compositions Based on Shell Nacre and Siloxane Methacrylate Resin: Development and Characterization. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:752. [PMID: 37508779 PMCID: PMC10376770 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Shell nacre from Pinctada species has been extensively researched for managing bone defects. However, there is a gap in the research regarding using shell nacre powder as a cement with improved biological and physicochemical properties. To address this, bone void filling cement was formulated by incorporating shell nacre powder and an organically modified ceramic resin (ormocer). The shell nacre powder was specifically processed from the shells of Pinctada fucata and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the presence of organic constituents and inorganic aragonite. Trace element analysis confirmed the eligibility of shell nacre powder for biomedical applications. Next, the ormocer SNLSM2 was synthesized through a modified sol-gel method. FTIR, Raman, TGA, and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of a ladder-structured siloxane backbone and methacrylate side chain. To develop chemical curable composite shell nacre cement (SNC), different amounts of shell nacre (24%, 48%, and 72%) were added to the SNLSM2 resin, and the impact on the physicochemical properties of the cement was studied. Among the compositions, SNC 72 exhibited significantly lower linear polymerization shrinkage (0.4%) and higher compressive (>100 MPa) and flexural strength (>35 MPa). SNC 72 was radiopaque, and the exotherm generated during the cement curing was minimal. Cytotoxicity studies with L929 cells revealed the non-cytotoxic nature of the cement. Overall, the findings of this study prove that the shell nacre cement is a promising candidate for managing bone voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Jeyatha Wilson
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
| | - Lizymol Philipose Pampadykandathil
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
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Guo C, Qi J, Liu J, Wang H, Liu Y, Feng Y, Xu G. The Ability of Biodegradable Thermosensitive Hydrogel Composite Calcium-Silicon-Based Bioactive Bone Cement in Promoting Osteogenesis and Repairing Rabbit Distal Femoral Defects. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183852. [PMID: 36145997 PMCID: PMC9503108 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are a global issue affecting the elderly population. To explore a new calcium silicate bone cement, polylactic acid (PLGA)–polyethylene glycol (PEG)–PLGA hydrogel was compounded with tricalcium silicate (C3S)/dicalcium silicate (C2S)/plaster of Paris (POP) to observe the hydration products and test physical and chemical properties. The cell compatibility and osteogenic capability were tested in vitro. The rabbit femoral condylar bone defect model was used to test its safety and effectiveness in vivo. The addition of hydrogel did not result in the formation of a new hydration product and significantly improved the injectability, anti-washout properties, and in vitro degradability of the bone cement. The cholecystokinin octapeptide-8 method showed significant proliferation of osteoblasts in bone cement. The Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity test showed that the bone cement had a superior osteogenic property in vitro. The computed tomography scan and gross anatomy at 12 weeks after surgery in the rabbit revealed that PLGA-PEG-PLGA/C3S/C2S/POP was mostly degraded, with the formation of new bone trabeculae and calli at the external orifice of the defect. Thus, PLGA-PEG-PLGA/C3S/C2S/POP composite bone cement has a positive effect on bone repair and provides a new strategy for the clinical application of bone tissue engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Junqiang Qi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | | | - Guohua Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-021818-86805
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Liu T, Li Z, Zhao L, Chen Z, Lin Z, Li B, Feng Z, Jin P, Zhang J, Wu Z, Wu H, Xu X, Ye X, Zhang Y. Customized Design 3D Printed PLGA/Calcium Sulfate Scaffold Enhances Mechanical and Biological Properties for Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:874931. [PMID: 35814012 PMCID: PMC9260230 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) has been widely used in tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and degradation properties. However, the mismatched mechanical and unsatisfactory biological properties of PLGA limit further application in bone tissue engineering. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) is one of the most promising bone repair materials due to its non-immunogenicity, well biocompatibility, and excellent bone conductivity. In this study, aiming at the shortcomings of activity-lack and low mechanical of PLGA in bone tissue engineering, customized-designed 3D porous PLGA/CaSO4 scaffolds were prepared by 3D printing. We first studied the physical properties of PLGA/CaSO4 scaffolds and the results showed that CaSO4 improved the mechanical properties of PLGA scaffolds. In vitro experiments showed that PLGA/CaSO4 scaffold exhibited good biocompatibility. Moreover, the addition of CaSO4 could significantly improve the migration and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in the PLGA/CaSO4 scaffolds, and the PLGA/CaSO4 scaffolds made with 20 wt.% CaSO4 exhibited the best osteogenesis properties. Therefore, calcium sulfate was added to PLGA could lead to customized 3D printed scaffolds for enhanced mechanical properties and biological properties. The customized 3D-printed PLGA/CaSO4 scaffold shows great potential for precisely repairing irregular load-bearing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Li
- General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Chen
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binglin Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Feng
- General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panshi Jin
- General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zugui Wu
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huai Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemeng Xu, ; Xiangling Ye, ; Ying Zhang,
| | - Xiangling Ye
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemeng Xu, ; Xiangling Ye, ; Ying Zhang,
| | - Ying Zhang
- General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Hospital of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemeng Xu, ; Xiangling Ye, ; Ying Zhang,
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8
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Liu Y, Ruan X, Li J, Wang B, Chen J, Wang X, Wang P, Tu X. The Osteocyte Stimulated by Wnt Agonist SKL2001 Is a Safe Osteogenic Niche Improving Bioactivities in a Polycaprolactone and Cell Integrated 3D Module. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050831. [PMID: 35269452 PMCID: PMC8909416 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding and constructing an osteogenic microenvironment similar to natural bone tissue has always been a frontier topic in orthopedics. We found that osteocytes are targeting cells controlling bone anabolism produced by PTH (JBMR 2017, PMID: 27704638), and osteocytes with activated Wnt signaling orchestrate bone formation and resorption (PNAS 2015, PMID: 25605937). However, methods for taking advantage of the leading role of osteocytes in bone regeneration remain unexplored. Herein, we found that the osteocytes with SKL2001-activated Wnt signaling could be an osteogenic microenvironment (SOOME) which upregulates the expression of bone transcription factor Runx2 and Bglap and promotes the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cell ST2 into osteoblasts. Interestingly, 60 μM SKL2001 treatment of osteocytic MLO-Y4 for 24 h maintained Wnt signaling activation for three days after removal, which was sufficient to induce osteoblast differentiation. Triptonide, a Wnt inhibitor, could eliminate this differentiation. Moreover, on day 5, the Wnt signaling naturally decreased to the level of the control group, indicating that this method of Wnt-signaling induction is safe to use. We quickly verified in vivo function of SOOME to a good proximation in 3D bioprinted modules composed of reciprocally printed polycaprolactone bundles (for support) and cell bundles (for bioactivity). In the cell bundles, SOOME stably supported the growth and development of ST2 cells, the 7-day survival rate was as high as 91.6%, and proliferation ability increased linearly. Similarly, SOOME greatly promoted ST2 differentiation and mineralization for 28 days. In addition, SOOME upregulated the expression of angiopoietin 1, promoted endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, and increased node number and total length of tubes and branches. Finally, we found that the function of SOOME could be realized through the paracrine pathway. This study reveals that osteocytes with Wnt signaling activated by SKL2001 are a safe osteogenic microenvironment. Both SOOME itself and its cell-free culture supernatant can improve bioactivity for osteoblast differentiation, with composite scaffolds especially bearing application value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaolin Tu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-185-2382-0685
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