1
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Chellaiah MA. L-Plastin Phosphorylation: Possible Regulation by a TNFR1 Signaling Cascade in Osteoclasts. Cells 2021; 10:2432. [PMID: 34572081 PMCID: PMC8464874 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling regulates phosphorylation of L-plastin, which is involved in forming the nascent sealing zone, a precursor zone for the matured sealing ring. This study aimed to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of L-plastin phosphorylation and the subsequent formation of the nascent sealing zone in osteoclasts treated with TNF-α. Here, we report that anti-TNF-receptor 1, inhibitors of signaling proteins (Src, PI3-K, Rho, and Rho-kinase), and siRNA of TRAF-6 attenuated the phosphorylation of LPL and filamentous actin content significantly in the presence of TNF-α. An inhibitor of integrin αvβ3, PKC, or PKA did not inhibit TNF-α-induced L-plastin phosphorylation. Inhibitors of Src and PI3-K and not Rho or Rho-kinase reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of TRAF-6, suggesting that Src and PI3-K regulate TRAF-6 phosphorylation, and Rho and Rho-kinase are downstream of TRAF-6 regulation. Osteoclasts expressing constitutively active or kinase-defective Src proteins were used to determine the role of Src on L-plastin phosphorylation; similarly, the effect of Rho was confirmed by transducing TAT-fused constitutively active (V14) or dominant-negative (N19) Rho proteins into osteoclasts. Pull-down analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused SH2 and SH3 domains of Src and PI3-K demonstrated coprecipitation of L-plastin and TRAF-6 with the SH3 and SH2 domains of the PI3-K and Src proteins. However, the actual order of the interaction of proteins requires further elucidation; a comprehensive screening should corroborate the initial findings of protein interactions via the SH2/SH3 domains. Ultimately, inhibition of the interaction of proteins with SH2/SH3 could reduce L-plastin phosphorylation and affect NSZ formation and bone resorption in conditions that display osteoclast activation and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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2
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Teng YS, Chen WY, Yan ZB, Lv YP, Liu YG, Mao FY, Zhao YL, Peng LS, Cheng P, Duan MB, Chen W, Wang Y, Luo P, Zou QM, Chen J, Zhuang Y. L-Plastin Promotes Gastric Cancer Growth and Metastasis in a Helicobacter pylori cagA-ERK-SP1-Dependent Manner. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:968-978. [PMID: 33771880 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton dynamic rearrangement is required for tumor cell metastasis and is a key characteristic of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected host cells. Actin cytoskeleton modulation is coordinated by multiple actin-binding proteins (ABP). Through Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genomes database, GEPIA website, and real-time PCR data, we found that H. pylori infection significantly induced L-plastin, a key ABP, in gastric cancer cells. We further explored the regulation and function of L-plastin in H. pylori-associated gastric cancer and found that, mechanistically, H. pylori infection induced gastric cancer cells to express L-plastin via cagA-activated ERK signaling pathway to mediate SP1 binding to L-plastin promoter. Moreover, this increased L-plastin promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro and facilitated the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer in vivo. Finally, we detected the expression pattern of L-plastin in gastric cancer tissues, and found that L-plastin was increased in gastric cancer tissues and that this increase of L-plastin positively correlated with cagA + H. pylori infection status. Overall, our results elucidate a novel mechanism of L-plastin expression induced by H. pylori, and a new function of L-plastin-facilitated growth and metastasis of gastric cancer, and thereby implicating L-plastin as a potential therapeutic target against gastric cancer. IMPLICATIONS: Our results elucidate a novel mechanism of L-plastin expression induced by H. pylori in gastric cancer, and a new function of L-plastin-facilitated gastric cancer growth and metastasis, implicating L-plastin as a potential therapeutic target against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Teng
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Yan Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Bao Yan
- Department of General Surgery and Centre of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Pin Lv
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Gang Liu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Yuan Mao
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Centre of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Sheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Cheng
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Bing Duan
- La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Luo
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Centre of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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3
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Gomig THB, Gontarski AM, Cavalli IJ, Souza RLRD, Lucena ACR, Batista M, Machado KC, Marchini FK, Marchi FA, Lima RS, Urban CDA, Marchi RD, Cavalli LR, Ribeiro EMDSF. Integrated analysis of label-free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics reveal insights into signaling pathways in male breast cancer. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20190410. [PMID: 33656060 PMCID: PMC7926483 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy that accounts for about 1.8% of all breast cancer cases. In contrast to the high number of the “omics” studies in breast cancer in women, only recently molecular approaches have been performed in MBC research. High-throughput proteomics based methodologies are promisor strategies to characterize the MBC proteomic signatures and their association with clinico-pathological parameters. In this study, the label-free quantification-mass spectrometry and bioinformatics approaches were applied to analyze the proteomic profiling of a MBC case using the primary breast tumor and the corresponding axillary metastatic lymph nodes and adjacent non-tumor breast tissues. The differentially expressed proteins were identified in the signaling pathways of granzyme B, sirtuins, eIF2, actin cytoskeleton, eNOS, acute phase response and calcium and were connected to the upstream regulators MYC, PI3K SMARCA4 and cancer-related chemical drugs. An additional proteomic comparative analysis was performed with a primary breast tumor of a female patient and revealed an interesting set of proteins, which were mainly involved in cancer biology. Together, our data provide a relevant data source for the MBC research that can help the therapeutic strategies for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Moletta Gontarski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Iglenir João Cavalli
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michel Batista
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Genômica Funcional, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Plataforma de Espectrometria de Massas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Klerynton Marchini
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Genômica Funcional, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Plataforma de Espectrometria de Massas, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens Silveira Lima
- Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Centro de Doenças da Mama, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Georgetown University, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, USA
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4
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Bhatlekar S, Manne BK, Basak I, Edelstein LC, Tugolukova E, Stoller ML, Cody MJ, Morley SC, Nagalla S, Weyrich AS, Rowley JW, O'Connell RM, Rondina MT, Campbell RA, Bray PF. miR-125a-5p regulates megakaryocyte proplatelet formation via the actin-bundling protein L-plastin. Blood 2020; 136:1760-1772. [PMID: 32844999 PMCID: PMC7544541 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is heritability to interindividual variation in platelet count, and better understanding of the regulating genetic factors may provide insights for thrombopoiesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression in health and disease, and megakaryocytes (MKs) deficient in miRs have lower platelet counts, but information about the role of miRs in normal human MK and platelet production is limited. Using genome-wide miR profiling, we observed strong correlations among human bone marrow MKs, platelets, and differentiating cord blood-derived MK cultures, and identified MK miR-125a-5p as associated with human platelet number but not leukocyte or hemoglobin levels. Overexpression and knockdown studies showed that miR-125a-5p positively regulated human MK proplatelet (PP) formation in vitro. Inhibition of miR-125a-5p in vivo lowered murine platelet counts. Analyses of MK and platelet transcriptomes identified LCP1 as a miR-125a-5p target. LCP1 encodes the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, not previously studied in MKs. We show that miR-125a-5p directly targets and reduces expression of MK L-plastin. Overexpression and knockdown studies show that L-plastin promotes MK progenitor migration, but negatively correlates with human platelet count and inhibits MK PP formation (PPF). This work provides the first evidence for the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, as a regulator of human MK PPF via inhibition of the late-stage MK invagination system, podosome and PPF, and PP branching. We also provide resources of primary and differentiating MK transcriptomes and miRs associated with platelet counts. miR-125a-5p and L-plastin may be relevant targets for increasing in vitro platelet manufacturing and for managing quantitative platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bhatlekar
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bhanu K Manne
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Indranil Basak
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Leonard C Edelstein
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emilia Tugolukova
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Mark J Cody
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sharon C Morley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Srikanth Nagalla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, and
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VAMC GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Division of General Internal Medicine and
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of General Internal Medicine and
| | - Paul F Bray
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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5
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Schaffner-Reckinger E, Machado RAC. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin-A double-edged sword: Beneficial for the immune response, maleficent in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:109-154. [PMID: 32859369 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles and networks is orchestrated by a large variety of actin-binding proteins. Among them, the actin-bundling protein L-plastin is normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it is involved in the immune response. However, L-plastin is also often ectopically expressed in malignant cancer cells of non-hematopoietic origin and is even considered as a marker for cancer progression. Post-translational modification modulates L-plastin activity. In particular, L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation has been shown to be important for the immune response in leukocytes as well as for invasion and metastasis formation of carcinoma cells. This chapter discusses the physiological and pathological role of L-plastin with a special focus on the importance of L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation for the protein functions. The potential use of Ser5 phosphorylated L-plastin as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target will be evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Raquel A C Machado
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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6
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Chellaiah MA, Ma T, Majumdar S. L-plastin phosphorylation regulates the early phase of sealing ring formation by actin bundling process in mouse osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:73-82. [PMID: 30244178 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The process of sealing ring formation requires major actin filament reorganization. We previously demonstrated that an actin-bundling protein L-plastin has a role in the cross-linking of actin filaments into tight bundles and forms actin aggregates (denoted as nascent sealing zones). These nascent sealing zones mature into fully functional sealing rings. We have shown here that TNF-alpha signaling regulates the phosphorylation of serine-5 and -7 in L-plastin which increases the actin bundling capacity of L-plastin and hence the formation of nascent sealing zones in mouse osteoclasts. Using the TAT-mediated transduction method, we confirmed the role of L-plastin in nascent sealing zones formation at the early phase of the sealing ring assembly. Transduction of TAT-fused full-length L-plastin peptide significantly increases the number of nascent sealing zones and therefore sealing rings. But, transduction of amino-terminal L-plastin peptides consisting of the serine-5 and -7 reduces the formation of both nascent sealing zones and sealing rings. Therefore, bone resorption in vitro was reduced considerably. The decrease was associated with the selective inhibition of cellular L-plastin phosphorylation by the transduced peptides. Neither the formation of podosomes nor the migration was affected in these osteoclasts. Phosphorylation of L- plastin on serine 5 and -7 residues increases the F-actin bundling capacity. The significance of our studies stands on laying the groundwork for a better understanding of L-plastin as a potential regulator at the early phase of sealing ring formation and could be a new therapeutic target to treat bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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7
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Kharlyngdoh JB, Pradhan A, Olsson PE. Androgen receptor modulation following combination exposure to brominated flame-retardants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4843. [PMID: 29556062 PMCID: PMC5859252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds can interfere with androgen receptor (AR) signaling and disrupt steroidogenesis leading to reproductive failure. The brominated flame-retardant (BFR) 1, 2-dibromo-4-(1, 2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane (TBECH), is an agonist to human, chicken and zebrafish AR. Recently another group of alternative BFRs, allyl 2, 4, 6-tribromophenyl ether (ATE), and 2, 3-dibromopropyl 2, 4, 6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) along with its metabolite 2-bromoallyl 2, 4, 6-tribromophenyl ether (BATE) were identified as potent human AR antagonists. These alternative BFRs are present in the environment. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of mixed exposures to the AR agonist and the AR antagonists at environmentally relevant concentrations. In vitro reporter luciferase assay showed that the AR antagonists, when present at concentration higher than TBECH, were able to inhibit TBECH-mediated AR activity. These AR antagonists also promoted AR nuclear translocation. In vitro gene expression analysis in the non-tumorigenic human prostate epithelial cell RWPE1 showed that TBECH induced AR target genes whereas DPTE repressed these genes. Further analysis of steroidogenic genes showed that TBECH up-regulated most of the genes while DPTE down-regulated the same genes. The results indicate that when TBECH and DPTE are present together they will antagonize each other, thereby reducing their individual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joubert Banjop Kharlyngdoh
- Biology, Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.,Glomerular Disease Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Centre, IL-60612, Chicago, USA
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
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8
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Application of fluorine-containing non-steroidal anti-androgen compounds in treating prostate cancer. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Ning Y, Gerger A, Zhang W, Hanna DL, Yang D, Winder T, Wakatsuki T, Labonte MJ, Stintzing S, Volz N, Sunakawa Y, Stremitzer S, El-Khoueiry R, Lenz HJ. Plastin polymorphisms predict gender- and stage-specific colon cancer recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:528-39. [PMID: 24170770 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence after curative resection remains a major problem in patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) may serve as useful molecular markers to predict clinical outcomes in these patients and identify targets for future drug development. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the plastin genes PLS3 and LCP1 are overexpressed in colon cancer cells and play an important role in tumor cell invasion, adhesion, and migration. Hence, we hypothesized that functional genetic variations of plastin may have direct effects on the progression and prognosis of locally advanced colorectal cancer. We tested whether functional tagging polymorphisms of PLS3 and LCP1 predict time to tumor recurrence (TTR) in 732 patients (training set, 234; validation set, 498) with stage II/III colorectal cancer. The PLS3 rs11342 and LCP1 rs4941543 polymorphisms were associated with a significantly increased risk for recurrence in the training set. PLS3 rs6643869 showed a consistent association with TTR in the training and validation set, when stratified by gender and tumor location. Female patients with the PLS3 rs6643869 AA genotype had the shortest median TTR compared with those with any G allele in the training set [1.7 vs. 9.4 years; HR, 2.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32-6.1; P = 0.005] and validation set (3.3 vs. 13.7 years; HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.09-3.91; P = 0.021). Our findings suggest that several SNPs of the PLS3 and LCP1 genes could serve as gender- and/or stage-specific molecular predictors of tumor recurrence in stage II/III patients with colorectal cancer as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ning
- Corresponding Author: Heinz-Josef Lenz, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 3456, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.
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10
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11
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Plastin family of actin-bundling proteins: its functions in leukocytes, neurons, intestines, and cancer. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:213492. [PMID: 22262972 PMCID: PMC3259490 DOI: 10.1155/2012/213492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophisticated regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by a variety of actin-binding proteins is essential for eukaryotic cells to perform their diverse functions. The plastin (also know, as fimbrin) protein family belongs to actin-bundling proteins, and the protein family is evolutionarily conserved and expressed in yeast, plant, and animal cells. Plastins are characterized by EF-hand Ca2+-binding domains and actin-binding domains and can cross-link actin filaments into higher-order assemblies like bundles. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals. T-plastin is expressed in cells from solid tissues, such as neurons in the brain. I-plastin expression is restricted to intestine and kidney; the isoform plays a vital role in the function of absorptive epithelia in these organs. L-plastin is expressed in hematopoietic cell lineages and in many types of cancer cells; the isoform is thus considered to be a useful biomarker for cancer.
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12
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Choi JH, Lee MY, Ramakrishna S, Kim Y, Shim JY, Han SM, Kim JY, Lee DH, Choi YK, Baek KH. LCP1 up-regulated by partial pancreatectomy supports cell proliferation and differentiation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:3104. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05326d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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13
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Le Goff E, Vallentin A, Harmand PO, Aldrian-Herrada G, Rebière B, Roy C, Benyamin Y, Lebart MC. Characterization of L-plastin interaction with beta integrin and its regulation by micro-calpain. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2010; 67:286-96. [PMID: 20183869 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences suggest that plastin/fimbrin is more than a simple actin cross-linking molecule. In this context and based on the fact that other members of the same family interact with transmembrane proteins, such as integrins, we have investigated a possible interaction between L-plastin and integrins. By combining coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins and in vitro techniques based on solid phase and solution assays, we demonstrate that L-plastin is an additional binding partner for the beta-chain of integrin and confirmed that both proteins display some colocalization. We then show that L-plastin binds to the cytoplasmic domain of beta1 integrin and to beta1 and beta2 peptides. Using recombinant L-plastin domains, we demonstrate that the integrin-binding sites are not located in NH(2) terminal part of L-plastin but rather in the two actin-binding domains. Using pull-down, cross-linking experiments, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we show that the L-plastin/integrin complex is regulated by mu-calpain cleavage and is not directly dissociated by calcium. Indeed, despite the ability of calpain to cleave both proteins, only the cleavage of beta integrin hindered the formation of the L-plastin/integrin complex. We discuss these results in the light of the three-dimensional structure of the actin-binding domains of L-plastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Le Goff
- UMR CNRS 5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
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14
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Ortmann J, Prifti S, Bohlmann MK, Rehberger-Schneider S, Strowitzki T, Rabe T. Testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone inhibitin vitrogrowth of human breast cancer cell lines. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009. [PMID: 12012621 DOI: 10.1080/gye.16.2.113.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Schulz DM, Böllner C, Thomas G, Atkinson M, Esposito I, Höfler H, Aubele M. Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Using DIGE and Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:3430-8. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. Schulz
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Molecular Pathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar,
| | - Claudia Böllner
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Molecular Pathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar,
| | - Gerry Thomas
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Molecular Pathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar,
| | - Mike Atkinson
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Molecular Pathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar,
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Molecular Pathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar,
| | - Heinz Höfler
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Molecular Pathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar,
| | - Michaela Aubele
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Molecular Pathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Klinikum rechts der Isar,
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16
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Harris LD, De La Cerda J, Tuziak T, Rosen D, Xiao L, Shen Y, Sabichi AL, Czerniak B, Grossman HB. Analysis of the expression of biomarkers in urinary bladder cancer using a tissue microarray. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:678-85. [PMID: 18288642 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of Akt, PTEN, Drg-1, Cx-26, and L-plastin expression appear to be important in the progression of various cancers. Their expression in bladder cancer has not been well characterized. To assess the expression of these genes and their relationship to the outcome of bladder cancer, we used a bladder cancer tissue microarray (TMA) of 251 transitional cell carcinomas. We quantitated immunohistochemical staining of each protein using both automated and manual methods and correlated the expression levels with the clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumor and patient survival. Overall, the results from both automated and manual analyses were similar. We found a significant correlation between the expression of PTEN, Cx-26 and L-plastin with known clinically important pathologic features of bladder cancer (tumor grade, stage, and growth pattern). Aberrant localization patterns of Cx-26 and Drg-1 were observed in bladder tumors. There was also a significant correlation in expression among pAkt, PTEN, and L-plastin. Although the expression of these genes correlated with factors known to be associated with patient outcome, none of them was an independent predictor of progression-free or overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loleta D Harris
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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17
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Alldridge L, Metodieva G, Greenwood C, Al-Janabi K, Thwaites L, Sauven P, Metodiev M. Proteome Profiling of Breast Tumors by Gel Electrophoresis and Nanoscale Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1458-69. [DOI: 10.1021/pr7007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Alldridge
- The Helen Rollason Research Laboratory, Helen Rollason Heal Cancer Charity, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1LL, United Kingdom, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom, Histopathology Department, Broomfield Hospital, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM1 7ET, United Kingdom, and The Breast Unit, Chelmsford and Essex Hospital, New Writtle Street, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Gergana Metodieva
- The Helen Rollason Research Laboratory, Helen Rollason Heal Cancer Charity, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1LL, United Kingdom, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom, Histopathology Department, Broomfield Hospital, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM1 7ET, United Kingdom, and The Breast Unit, Chelmsford and Essex Hospital, New Writtle Street, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Greenwood
- The Helen Rollason Research Laboratory, Helen Rollason Heal Cancer Charity, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1LL, United Kingdom, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom, Histopathology Department, Broomfield Hospital, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM1 7ET, United Kingdom, and The Breast Unit, Chelmsford and Essex Hospital, New Writtle Street, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid Al-Janabi
- The Helen Rollason Research Laboratory, Helen Rollason Heal Cancer Charity, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1LL, United Kingdom, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom, Histopathology Department, Broomfield Hospital, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM1 7ET, United Kingdom, and The Breast Unit, Chelmsford and Essex Hospital, New Writtle Street, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Thwaites
- The Helen Rollason Research Laboratory, Helen Rollason Heal Cancer Charity, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1LL, United Kingdom, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom, Histopathology Department, Broomfield Hospital, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM1 7ET, United Kingdom, and The Breast Unit, Chelmsford and Essex Hospital, New Writtle Street, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sauven
- The Helen Rollason Research Laboratory, Helen Rollason Heal Cancer Charity, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1LL, United Kingdom, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom, Histopathology Department, Broomfield Hospital, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM1 7ET, United Kingdom, and The Breast Unit, Chelmsford and Essex Hospital, New Writtle Street, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Metodi Metodiev
- The Helen Rollason Research Laboratory, Helen Rollason Heal Cancer Charity, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1LL, United Kingdom, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom, Histopathology Department, Broomfield Hospital, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM1 7ET, United Kingdom, and The Breast Unit, Chelmsford and Essex Hospital, New Writtle Street, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 0QH, United Kingdom
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18
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Billing AM, Fack F, Renaut J, Olinger CM, Schote AB, Turner JD, Muller CP. Proteomic analysis of the cortisol-mediated stress response in THP-1 monocytes using DIGE technology. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:1433-1444. [PMID: 17960574 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid (GC) cortisol, the main mediator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has many implications in metabolism, stress response and the immune system. Its function is mediated via binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the superfamily of ligand-activated nuclear hormone receptors. The activity of the ligated GR results from its binding as a transcription factor to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with DIGE (fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis) technology was applied to study the effects of cortisol on the human THP-1 monocytic cell line. A total of 28 cortisol-modulated proteins were identified belonging to five functional groups: cytoskeleton (8), chaperones (9), immune response (4), metabolism (3) and transcription/translation (4). Their corresponding genes were screened for putative GREs in their + 10 kb/- 0.2 kb promoter regions including all alternative promoters available within the Database for Transcription Start Sites (DBTSS). FKBP51, known to be induced by cortisol, was identified as the strongest differentially expressed protein, and contains the highest number of strict GREs. Genomic analysis of five alternative FKBP5 promoter regions suggests GC inducibility of all transcripts. Additionally, proteomics (2D DIGE and 2D immunoblotting) revealed the existence of several FKBP51 isoforms, which were not previously described. To our knowledge this is the first proteomic study that addresses the effects of cortisol on immune cells. FKBP51 isoforms found on the gel map were linked to alternative promoter usage on the genetic level, successfully correlating both the specific proteomic and genomic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Billing
- Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20A, rue Auguste Lumière, L-1950 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
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19
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Zheng R, Shen R, Goodman OB, Nanus DM. Multiple androgen response elements cooperate in androgen regulated activity of the type 1 neutral endopeptidase promoter. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 259:10-21. [PMID: 16949732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The neutral endopeptidase (NEP) gene is transcriptionally regulated by androgen in prostate cancer cells. We previously identified in the NEP gene an androgen responsive element (NEP-ARE) and an androgen responsive region (NEP-ARR) that together conveyed only moderate androgen-inducibility [Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 170 (2000) 131]. Therefore, we characterized the entire genomic structure of the NEP gene and identified ARE1 (ACTCAACAttgTGTCCTTT) and ARE2 (CAGGACAtttTGTCCC), which are located in the 3'-untranslated region and in intron 17, respectively. Steroid-dependent enhancement of transcription was assayed by transfecting the pGL-3-luciferase reporter plasmid containing three copies of ARE1 or ARE2 into PC-3 cells. Luciferase activities were increased 3.6-fold (ARE1) and 5-fold (ARE2) by androgen (AR), 4.2-fold (ARE1) and 8.2-fold (ARE2) by dexamethasone, and 3-fold (ARE1) and 4.1-fold (ARE2) by progesterone. Mutation of the ARE1 and ARE2 sequences completely abrogated androgen-inducibility. We next showed that both ARE1 and ARE2 are involved in the transcriptional regulation of the NEP gene, demonstrating in vitro and in vivo binding with AR as determined by electrophoretic mobility gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, Furthermore, ARE1 and ARE2 mediate coordinated androgen-inducibility in both an SV40 promoter and the native NEP type 1 promoter. These data indicate the newly identified ARE1 and ARE2 together with the previously identified NEP-ARE function as androgen response elements, and that androgen regulation of the NEP gene is regulated by the coordinated action of multiple AREs in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zheng
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, 525 E. 68th Street, ST-359, NY 10021, USA
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20
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Nebozhyn M, Loboda A, Kari L, Rook AH, Vonderheid EC, Lessin S, Berger C, Edelson R, Nichols C, Yousef M, Gudipati L, Shang M, Showe MK, Showe LC. Quantitative PCR on 5 genes reliably identifies CTCL patients with 5% to 99% circulating tumor cells with 90% accuracy. Blood 2006; 107:3189-96. [PMID: 16403914 PMCID: PMC1464056 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a small number of genes using cDNA arrays that accurately diagnosed patients with Sézary Syndrome (SS), the erythrodermic and leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). We now report the development of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay that uses expression values for just 5 of those genes: STAT4, GATA-3, PLS3, CD1D, and TRAIL. qRT-PCR data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) accurately classified 88% of 17 patients with high blood tumor burden and 100% of 12 healthy controls in the training set using Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA). The same 5 genes were then assayed on 56 new samples from 49 SS patients with blood tumor burdens of 5% to 99% and 69 samples from 65 new healthy controls. The average accuracy over 1000 resamplings was 90% using FLDA and 88% using support vector machine (SVM). We also tested the classifier on 14 samples from patients with CTCL with no detectable peripheral involvement and 3 patients with atopic dermatitis with severe erythroderma. The accuracy was 100% in identifying these samples as non-SS patients. These results are the first to demonstrate that gene expression profiling by quantitative PCR on a selected number of critical genes can be employed to molecularly diagnosis SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nebozhyn
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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21
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Yang X, Bentink S, Spang R. Detecting common gene expression patterns in multiple cancer outcome entities. Biomed Microdevices 2005; 7:247-51. [PMID: 16133813 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-005-3032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Most oncological microarray studies focus on molecular distinctions in different cancer entities. Recently, researchers started using microarrays for investigating molecular commonalities of multiple cancer types. This poses novel bioinformatics challenges. In this paper we describe a method that detects common molecular mechanisms in different cancer entities. The method extends previously described concepts by introducing Meta-Analysis Pattern Matches. In an analysis of four prognostic cancer studies, involving breast cancer, leukemia, and mesothelioma, we are able to identify 42 genes that show consistent up- or down-regulation in patients with a poor disease outcome. These genes complement the set of previously published candidates for universal prognostic markers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Yang
- Computational Diagnostics Group, Department of Computational Molecular Biology, MPI for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Delanote V, Vandekerckhove J, Gettemans J. Plastins: versatile modulators of actin organization in (patho)physiological cellular processes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005; 26:769-79. [PMID: 15960882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many actin-binding proteins are expressed in eukaryotic cells. These polypeptides assist in stabilizing and rearranging the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to external stimuli, or during cell migration and adhesion. Here we review a particular set of actin-binding proteins called plastins. Plastins (also called fimbrins) belong to a subclass of actin-binding proteins known as actin bundling proteins. Three isoforms have been characterized in mammals: T-plastin is expressed in cells from solid tissue, whereas L-plastin occurs predominantly in hematopoietic cells. The third isoform, I-plastin, is specifically expressed in the small intestine, colon and kidney. These proteins share the unique property of cross-linking actin filaments into tight bundles. Although plastins are primarily involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, they possess some unique features. For instance, they are implicated in invasion by pathogenic bacteria such as Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhimurium. Also, L-plastin plays an important role in leukocyte function. T-plastin, on the other hand, is possibly involved in DNA repair. Finally, both T- and L-plastin are implicated in several diseases, and L-plastin is considered to be a valuable marker for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Delanote
- Department of Medical Protein Research, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Geserick C, Meyer HA, Haendler B. The role of DNA response elements as allosteric modulators of steroid receptor function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005; 236:1-7. [PMID: 15876478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors which control the expression of their target genes by binding to specific DNA elements. Consensus response elements have been delineated for the glucocorticoid, androgen, progesterone and mineralocorticoid receptors on one hand (steroid response element, SRE) and for the estrogen receptor on the other hand (estrogen response element, ERE). Small variations in these sequences not only affect the binding but may also have a dramatic impact on the transcriptional activity of steroid receptors. It has now become obvious that DNA response elements do not merely tether regulatory proteins to control regions of target genes but may additionally impart conformational changes onto the DNA-binding domain as well as to neighbouring domains of steroid receptors. This in turn will create unique platforms for selective recruitment of cofactors and possibly for induction of modifications in local chromatin architecture. An additional level of complexity is added by the frequent presence of multiple response elements in gene promoter regions. The allosteric effects of DNA response elements on steroid receptors may be essential for differential gene expression and this offers interesting perspectives for the identification of selective modulators.
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24
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Walker MG. Gene expression versus sequence for predicting function: Glia Maturation Factor gamma is not a glia maturation factor. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2005; 1:52-7. [PMID: 15626333 PMCID: PMC5172355 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(03)01007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search databases for genes that have a similar sequence. It is not standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search for genes that have similar expression (co-expression). Failure to perform co-expression searches has lead to incorrect conclusions about the likely function of new genes, and has lead to wasted laboratory attempts to confirm functions incorrectly predicted. We present here the example of Glia Maturation Factor gamma (GMF-gamma). Despite its name, it has not been shown to participate in glia maturation. It is a gene of unknown function that is similar in sequence to GMF-beta. The sequence homology and chromosomal location led to an unsuccessful search for GMF-gamma mutations in glioma. We examined GMF-gamma expression in 1432 human cDNA libraries. Highest expression occurs in phagocytic, antigen-presenting and other hematopoietic cells. We found GMF-gamma mRNA in almost every tissue examined, with expression in nervous tissue no higher than in any other tissue. Our evidence indicates that GMF-gamma participates in phagocytosis in antigen presenting cells. Searches for genes with similar sequences should be supplemented with searches for genes with similar expression to avoid incorrect predictions.
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Wang C, Yeung F, Liu PC, Attar RM, Geng J, Chung LWK, Gottardis M, Kao C. Identification of a novel transcription factor, GAGATA-binding protein, involved in androgen-mediated expression of prostate-specific antigen. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:32423-30. [PMID: 12782640 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m207862200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most valuable marker for the evaluation of prostate cancer progression. The expression of PSA is controlled by androgen receptor (AR) through its binding to androgen-response elements (AREs). Several AREs have been identified within the 5.8-kb PSA promoter. The main activity of this 5.8-kb PSA promoter resides in a 455-bp enhancer core region located about 4 kb upstream of the TATA box. Our study suggests that in addition to the four AREs identified in the PSA enhancer core, another regulatory element (GAGATA), which is located at the region designated PSA3.1, also contributes to transcriptional regulation by androgens. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that a putative transcriptional factor bound the GAGATA sequence in the PSA-producing prostate cancer cell. Further studies demonstrated that GAGATA factor preferentially bound the (G/C)(A/C/T)GATA sequence. The replacement of ATA with GGG in the GAGATA sequence completely eliminated the androgen-mediated transcriptional activity of the enhancer core. By using DNA-coupled magnetic beads and the Southwestern method, a 56-60-kDa protein was identified as the putative GAGATA binding factor. EMSA and Western blotting assay suggested that AR is not involved in androgen-mediated activation through PSA3.1. Therefore, we propose that binding of the GAGATA binding factor and AR to GAGATA and AREs, respectively, of the PSA enhancer core are required for the maximum transcriptional response to androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihuei Wang
- Orthopedic Research Center and Department of Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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26
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Lin CS, Lue TF. Application of molecular biology to impotence research. MOLECULAR UROLOGY 2002; 5:91-8. [PMID: 11690555 DOI: 10.1089/10915360152559567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To encourage further application of molecular biology in impotence research, we have compiled a list of techniques that have been or can be used in such endeavors. While by no means complete or perfect, the list encompasses both some of the most commonly used (such as RT-PCR) and some of the most promising (such as gene chip) methods. All three levels of the gene expression hierarchy, namely, DNA, RNA, and protein, are represented in the discussion. Whenever possible, each technique is discussed with references relevant to impotence research. Interested readers therefore can trace the original or the most recent research protocols for more detailed information.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/genetics
- 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5
- DNA Footprinting
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- In Situ Hybridization
- Male
- Molecular Biology/methods
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Penis/physiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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