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Namiecinska M, Piatek P, Lewkowicz P. Nervonic Acid Synthesis Substrates as Essential Components in Profiled Lipid Supplementation for More Effective Central Nervous System Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3792. [PMID: 38612605 PMCID: PMC11011827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) damage leads to severe neurological dysfunction as a result of neuronal cell death and axonal degeneration. As, in the mature CNS, neurons have little ability to regenerate their axons and reconstruct neural loss, demyelination is one of the hallmarks of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately, remyelination, as a regenerative process, is often insufficient to prevent axonal loss and improve neurological deficits after demyelination. Currently, there are still no effective therapeutic tools to restore neurological function, but interestingly, emerging studies prove the beneficial effects of lipid supplementation in a wide variety of pathological processes in the human body. In the future, available lipids with a proven beneficial effect on CNS regeneration could be included in supportive therapy, but this topic still requires further studies. Based on our and others' research, we review the role of exogenous lipids, pointing to substrates that are crucial in the remyelination process but are omitted in available studies, justifying the properly profiled supply of lipids in the human diet as a supportive therapy during CNS regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Namiecinska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251/A4 Street, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (P.L.)
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Shi L, Jia C, Feng J, Zhang W, He J. Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antifungal activities of 1- O-alkylglycerols. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21790. [PMID: 38027856 PMCID: PMC10651514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1-O-alkylglycerols are a class of natural existing lipids with broad biological activities. However, their use in food or agricultural fields remains to be investigated, especially for their antimicrobial activity. In this work, three 1-O-alkylglycerols, 1-O-octanylglycerol (C8Gly1), 1-O-dodecylglycerol (C12Gly1), and 1-O-hexadecylglycerol (C16Gly1), were synthesized in the isolated yields of 71.3-89.8 % and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FITR, mass spectra, and HPLC-ESLD. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1-O-alkylglycerols was determined to be 1.65 mmol/L (C8Gly1), 0.33 mmol/L (C12Gly1), and 0.23 mmol/L (C16Gly1) using the pyrene method. C12Gly1 and C16Gly1 had similar surface tensions that are lower than C8Gly1. C8Gly1 can form micelles in aqueous solution with excellent nano-dispersed uniformity and stability. Furthermore, C8Gly1 and C12Gly1 not only displayed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but they also inhibited the growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea, Monilia fructigena, and Phytophthora capsicum at 400 μg/mL. Thus, the C8Gly1 and C12Gly1 can serve as novel antimicrobial agents in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Chenyue Jia
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiangtao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Lipid-based Fine Chemicals of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Weinong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Lipid-based Fine Chemicals of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Junbo He
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Lipid-based Fine Chemicals of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430023, China
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Chaves-Filho AM, Braniff O, Angelova A, Deng Y, Tremblay MÈ. Chronic inflammation, neuroglial dysfunction, and plasmalogen deficiency as a new pathobiological hypothesis addressing the overlap between post-COVID-19 symptoms and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110702. [PMID: 37423295 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
After five waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, it has been recognized that a significant portion of the affected individuals developed long-term debilitating symptoms marked by chronic fatigue, cognitive difficulties ("brain fog"), post-exertional malaise, and autonomic dysfunction. The onset, progression, and clinical presentation of this condition, generically named post-COVID-19 syndrome, overlap significantly with another enigmatic condition, referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Several pathobiological mechanisms have been proposed for ME/CFS, including redox imbalance, systemic and central nervous system inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Chronic inflammation and glial pathological reactivity are common hallmarks of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and have been consistently associated with reduced central and peripheral levels of plasmalogens, one of the major phospholipid components of cell membranes with several homeostatic functions. Of great interest, recent evidence revealed a significant reduction of plasmalogen contents, biosynthesis, and metabolism in ME/CFS and acute COVID-19, with a strong association to symptom severity and other relevant clinical outcomes. These bioactive lipids have increasingly attracted attention due to their reduced levels representing a common pathophysiological manifestation between several disorders associated with aging and chronic inflammation. However, alterations in plasmalogen levels or their lipidic metabolism have not yet been examined in individuals suffering from post-COVID-19 symptoms. Here, we proposed a pathobiological model for post-COVID-19 and ME/CFS based on their common inflammation and dysfunctional glial reactivity, and highlighted the emerging implications of plasmalogen deficiency in the underlying mechanisms. Along with the promising outcomes of plasmalogen replacement therapy (PRT) for various neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders, we sought to propose PRT as a simple, effective, and safe strategy for the potential relief of the debilitating symptoms associated with ME/CFS and post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Braniff
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - Yuru Deng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) and Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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4
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Alkyl Glycerol Ethers as Adaptogens. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010004. [PMID: 36662177 PMCID: PMC9862039 DOI: 10.3390/md21010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Τhis mini-review summarizes the hematopoietic and immunostimulating properties of alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) reported earlier in the literature available to us. The role of AGs in the nervous system and aging of the body are also briefly described. We made an attempt to consider the data in terms of adaptation. The hematopoietic, immunostimulating and antioxidant properties of AGs in a variety of experimental situations, including stress, as well as the protective action of AGs against some adaptation diseases, allow us to consider them as substances that prevent some negative effects of stress and promote adaptation. The new approach to AGs as adaptogens seems promising and opens good opportunities for their new application.
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Rey F, Melo T, Lopes D, Couto D, Marques F, Domingues MDRM. Applications of lipidomics in marine organisms: Progresses, challenges and future perspectives. Mol Omics 2022; 18:357-386. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems comprise a high diversity of life forms, such as algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates. These organisms have adapted their physiology according to the conditions of the environments in which...
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Paul S, Smith AAT, Culham K, Gunawan KA, Weir JM, Cinel MA, Jayawardana KS, Mellett NA, Lee MKS, Murphy AJ, Lancaster GI, Nestel PJ, Kingwell BA, Meikle PJ. Shark liver oil supplementation enriches endogenous plasmalogens and reduces markers of dyslipidemia and inflammation. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100092. [PMID: 34146594 PMCID: PMC8281607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens are membrane glycerophospholipids with diverse biological functions. Reduced plasmalogen levels have been observed in metabolic diseases; hence, increasing their levels might be beneficial in ameliorating these conditions. Shark liver oil (SLO) is a rich source of alkylglycerols that can be metabolized into plasmalogens. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of SLO supplementation on endogenous plasmalogen levels in individuals with features of metabolic disease. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study, the participants (10 overweight or obese males) received 4-g Alkyrol® (purified SLO) or placebo (methylcellulose) per day for 3 weeks followed by a 3-week washout phase and were then crossed over to 3 weeks of the alternate placebo/Alkyrol® treatment. SLO supplementation led to significant changes in plasma and circulatory white blood cell lipidomes, notably increased levels of plasmalogens and other ether lipids. In addition, SLO supplementation significantly decreased the plasma levels of total free cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein. These findings suggest that SLO supplementation can enrich plasma and cellular plasmalogens and this enrichment may provide protection against obesity-related dyslipidemia and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Paul
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Alexander T Smith
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin Culham
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin A Gunawan
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Weir
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle A Cinel
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaushala S Jayawardana
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie A Mellett
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Man K S Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Nestel
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Sultanov R, Ermolenko E, Poleschuk T, Denisenko Y, Kasyanov S. Action of alkyl glycerol ethers and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids diet on hematological parameters of blood and liver plasmalogen level in aged rats. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2727-2735. [PMID: 34002853 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the ways to reduce age-related changes can be a diet correction by adding biologically active substances. We studied the effect of a diet including alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrate isolated from the hepatopancreas of Berrytheuthis magister squid on hematological parameters and plasmalogens level in the liver of elderly rats. The senile animals showed decrease in hemoglobin, a three-fold decrease in leukocytes, a three-fold increase in platelet count, and a double decrease of blood coagulation time in the peripheral blood. Age-related changes in rats were characterized by the development of anemia, hypercoagulation, and a decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells. AGs, both separately and in combination with n-3 PUFAs, induced an increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, a decrease in the number of platelets, and an immunostimulating activity. Under the action of AGs and n-3 PUFAs, the concentration of plasmalogens and docosahexaenoic acid in the rat liver increased 2- and 1.5 folds, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study showed that the combined use of AGs and n-3 PUFAs improves the rheological properties of the blood and the state of the immune system during aging. The enrichment of diet with dietary supplements, whose structure contains AGs and n-3 PUFAs can increase the content of plasmalogens in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Sultanov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatiana Poleschuk
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok, Russia.,Pacific State Medical University, 2 Ostryakova Ave., Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey Kasyanov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok, Russia
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Samimi N, Sepehrimanesh M, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Homayounfar R, Mokhtari M, Farjam M. The Therapeutic Effect of Shark Liver Oil in a Rat Model of Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:2419230. [PMID: 33149751 PMCID: PMC7603576 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2419230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most well-known types of inflammatory bowel disease that manifests as recurrent inflammation of rectum and colon. The goal of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of shark liver oil (SLO) on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Eighty induced UC rats were randomly divided into ten equal groups and received the following treatments for seven days: 1 ml of normal saline rectally, 1 ml of gel base (carboxymethyl cellulose) rectally, 10 mg/kg of Asacol rectally, 10 mg/kg of mesalazine orally, 5% gel form of SLO rectally, 10% gel form of SLO rectally, 200 mg of SLO orally, and 400 mg of SLO orally. We examined the oxidative stress indices, histopathological features, and body weight changes, as well as the function of the liver and kidneys at the end of treatment. Administration of 10% rectal and 400 mg oral SLO resulted in a significant weight gain. Also, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in 5% and 10% SLO-treated groups, and elevated superoxide dismutase activity in rats that received 5% SLO was observed compared to negative control and Asacol groups. While no significant changes were observed in most of the kidney and liver function markers, higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase were detected in the group that received 400 mg SLO orally compared to negative control and Asacol groups. Many histopathological signs of improvement were observed in mesalazine, Asacol, and SLO groups. There were no significant changes detected in the mean rank among different groups. Our data indicate that SLO supplementation could improve the amelioration of acetic acid-induced UC in rats due to its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Samimi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Masood Sepehrimanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Homayounfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maral Mokhtari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Tolerability and Safety of a Nutritional Supplement with Potential as Adjuvant in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: A Randomized Trial in Healthy Volunteers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092001. [PMID: 31450563 PMCID: PMC6769991 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive supplements display relevant therapeutic properties when properly applied according to validated molecular effects. Our previous research efforts established the basis to develop a dietary supplement based on a Rosmarinus officinalis supercritical extract. This was enriched in phenolic diterpenes (RE) with proven properties against signaling pathways involved in colon tumorigenesis, and shark liver oil rich in alkylglycerols (AKG) as a bioactive lipid vehicle to improve RE bioavailability and synergize with the potential therapeutic action of the extract. Herein, we have investigated the tolerability and safety of the supplement and the biological and molecular effects from an immuno-nutritional perspective. Sixty healthy volunteers participated in a six week, double-blind, randomized parallel pilot study with two study arms: RE-AKG capsules (CR) and control capsules (CC). Mean age (±SD) of volunteers was 28.32 (±11.39) and 27.5 (±9.04) for the control and the study groups, respectively. Safety of the CR product consumption was confirmed by analyzing liver profile, vital constants, and oxidation markers (LDLox in blood and isoprostanes and thromboxanes in urine). The following were monitored: (1) the phenotyping of plasmatic leukocytes and the ex vivo response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); (2) expression of genes associated with immune-modulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and tumorigenesis; and (3) the correlation of selected genetic variants (SNPs) with the differential responses among individuals. The lack of adverse effects on liver profile and oxidation markers, together with adequate tolerability and safe immunological adaptations, provide high-quality information for the potential use of CR as co-adjuvant of therapeutic strategies against colorectal cancer.
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Arranz-Martínez P, Corzo-Martínez M, Vázquez L, Reglero G, Torres CF. Lipase catalyzed glycerolysis of ratfish liver oil at stirred tank basket reactor: A kinetic approach. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shikov AN, Laakso I, Pozharitskaya ON, Seppänen-Laakso T, Krishtopina AS, Makarova MN, Vuorela H, Makarov V. Chemical Profiling and Bioactivity of Body Wall Lipids from Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E365. [PMID: 29186813 PMCID: PMC5742825 DOI: 10.3390/md15120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipids from gonads and polyhydroxynaphthoquinone pigments from body walls of sea urchins are intensively studied. However, little is known about the body wall (BW) lipids. Ethanol extract (55 °C) contained about equal amounts of saturated (SaFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) representing 60% of total fatty acids, with myristic, palmitic and eicosenoic acids as major SaFAs and MUFAs, respectively. Non-methylene-interrupted dienes (13%) were composed of eicosadienoic and docosadienoic acids. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) included two main components, n6 arachidonic and n3 eicosapentaenoic acids, even with equal concentrations (15 μg/mg) and a balanced n6/n3 PUFA ratio (0.86). The UPLC-ELSD analysis showed that a great majority of the lipids (80%) in the ethanolic extract were phosphatidylcholine (60 μg/mg) and phosphatidylethanolamine (40 μg/mg), while the proportion of neutral lipids remained lower than 20%. In addition, alkoxyglycerol derivatives-chimyl, selachyl, and batyl alcohols-were quantified. We have assumed that the mechanism of action of body wall lipids in the present study is via the inhibition of MAPK p38, COX-1, and COX-2. Our findings open the prospective to utilize this lipid fraction as a source for the development of drugs with anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Shikov
- Saint-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (O.N.P.); (A.S.K.); (M.N.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Into Laakso
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.L.); (H.V.)
| | - Olga N. Pozharitskaya
- Saint-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (O.N.P.); (A.S.K.); (M.N.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000 (Tietotie 2), FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland;
| | - Anna S. Krishtopina
- Saint-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (O.N.P.); (A.S.K.); (M.N.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Marina N. Makarova
- Saint-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (O.N.P.); (A.S.K.); (M.N.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Heikki Vuorela
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5E), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.L.); (H.V.)
| | - Valery Makarov
- Saint-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Kuzmolovo P 245, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (O.N.P.); (A.S.K.); (M.N.M.); (V.M.)
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Martin D, Salas‐Perez L, Villalva M, Vázquez L, Garcia‐Risco MR, Jaime L, Reglero G. Effect of alkylglycerol‐rich oil and rosemary extract on oxidative stability and antioxidant properties of a cooked meat product. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martin
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos AlimentosInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM)MadridSpain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | | | - Marisol Villalva
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos AlimentosInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM)MadridSpain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos AlimentosInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM)MadridSpain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Monica R. Garcia‐Risco
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos AlimentosInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM)MadridSpain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Laura Jaime
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos AlimentosInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM)MadridSpain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos AlimentosInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM)MadridSpain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Imdea‐Food Institute. CEI UAM + CSICMadridSpain
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Rybin VG, Imbs AB, Demidkova DA, Ermolenko EV. Identification of molecular species of monoalkyldiacylglycerol from the squid Berryteuthis magister using liquid chromatography–APCI high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 202:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Production of a bioactive lipid-based delivery system from ratfish liver oil by enzymatic glycerolysis. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Venugopal V, Kumaran AK, Sekhar Chatterjee N, Kumar S, Kavilakath S, Nair JR, Mathew S. Biochemical Characterization of Liver Oil of Echinorhinus brucus (Bramble Shark) and Its Cytotoxic Evaluation on Neuroblastoma Cell Lines (SHSY-5Y). SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:6294030. [PMID: 27340593 PMCID: PMC4906215 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6294030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize the liver oil extracted from the deep sea shark, Echinorhinus brucus, caught from Central Indian Ocean and to evaluate its cytotoxic effect on neuroblastoma cell line (SHSY-5Y). Characterization of liver oil of Echinorhinus brucus revealed the presence of palmitic acid (15%), oleic acid (12%), stearic acid (8%), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (18%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (16%). It was also found to be a good source of squalene (38.5%) and fat soluble vitamins such as A, D, and K (vitamin A: 17.08 mg/100 g of oil, vitamin D: 15.04 mg/100 g oil, and vitamin K: 11.45 mg/100 g oil). Since it was found to be rich in essential fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins, and squalene, it can be considered as better dietary supplement. The oil of Echinorhinus brucus also showed high in vitro cytotoxic effect against the human neuroblastoma cell line (SHSY-5Y) and the IC50 value laid between 35 and 45 ng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Venugopal
- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), ICAR, Matsyapuri P.O., Kerala 682029, India
| | | | | | - Suvanish Kumar
- National Institute of Technology (NIT), Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | - Shyni Kavilakath
- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), ICAR, Matsyapuri P.O., Kerala 682029, India
| | | | - Suseela Mathew
- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), ICAR, Matsyapuri P.O., Kerala 682029, India
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Alkylglycerols reduce serum complement and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in obese individuals. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:127-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Castan L, del Toro G, Fernández AA, González M, Ortíz E, Lobo D. Biological Activity of Liposomal Vanillin. J Med Food 2013; 16:551-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leniher Castan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Grisel del Toro
- Food and Pharmacy Institute, Havana University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Adolfo A. Fernández
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics & Computer Science, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Manuel González
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Emilia Ortíz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Daliana Lobo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
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Fernández Ó, Vázquez L, Reglero G, Torres CF. Discrimination against diacylglycerol ethers in lipase-catalysed ethanolysis of shark liver oil. Food Chem 2013; 136:464-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Brites P, Ferreira AS, da Silva TF, Sousa VF, Malheiro AR, Duran M, Waterham HR, Baes M, Wanders RJA. Alkyl-glycerol rescues plasmalogen levels and pathology of ether-phospholipid deficient mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28539. [PMID: 22163031 PMCID: PMC3232224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A deficiency of plasmalogens, caused by impaired peroxisomal metabolism affects normal development and multiple organs in adulthood. Treatment options aimed at restoring plasmalogen levels may be relevant for the therapy of peroxisomal and non-peroxisomal disorders. In this study we determined the in vivo efficacy of an alkyl glycerol (AG), namely, 1-O-octadecyl-rac-glycerol, as a therapeutic agent for defects in plasmalogen synthesis. To achieve this, Pex7 knockout mice, a mouse model for Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata type 1 characterized by the absence of plasmalogens, and WT mice were fed a control diet or a diet containing 2% alkyl-glycerol. Plasmalogen levels were measured in target organs and the biochemical data were correlated with the histological analysis of affected organs. Plasmalogen levels in all peripheral tissues of Pex7 KO mice fed the AG diet for 2 months normalized to the levels of AG fed WT mice. In nervous tissues of Pex7 KO mice fed the AG-diet, plasmalogen levels were significantly increased compared to control fed KO mice. Histological analysis of target organs revealed that the AG-diet was able to stop the progression of the pathology in testis, adipose tissue and the Harderian gland. Interestingly, the latter tissues are characterized by the presence of lipid droplets which were absent or reduced in size and number when ether-phospholipids are lacking, but which can be restored with the AAG treatment. Furthermore, nerve conduction in peripheral nerves was improved. When given prior to the occurrence of major pathological changes, the AG-diet prevented or ameliorated the pathology observed in Pex7 KO mice depending on the degree of plasmalogen restoration. This study provides evidence of the beneficial effects of treating a plasmalogen deficiency with alkyl-glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brites
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Iagher F, de Brito Belo SR, Naliwaiko K, Franzói AM, de Brito GAP, Yamazaki RK, Muritiba AL, Muehlmann LA, Steffani JA, Fernandes LC. Chronic Supplementation With Shark Liver Oil for Reducing Tumor Growth and Cachexia in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1307-15. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.607540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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A combined procedure of supercritical fluid extraction and molecular distillation for the purification of alkylglycerols from shark liver oil. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Moser AB, Steinberg SJ, Watkins PA, Moser HW, Ramaswamy K, Siegmund KD, Lee DR, Ely JJ, Ryder OA, Hacia JG. Human and great ape red blood cells differ in plasmalogen levels and composition. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:101. [PMID: 21679470 PMCID: PMC3129581 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmalogens are ether phospholipids required for normal mammalian developmental, physiological, and cognitive functions. They have been proposed to act as membrane antioxidants and reservoirs of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as influence intracellular signaling and membrane dynamics. Plasmalogens are particularly enriched in cells and tissues of the human nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems. Humans with severely reduced plasmalogen levels have reduced life spans, abnormal neurological development, skeletal dysplasia, impaired respiration, and cataracts. Plasmalogen deficiency is also found in the brain tissue of individuals with Alzheimer disease. Results In a human and great ape cohort, we measured the red blood cell (RBC) levels of the most abundant types of plasmalogens. Total RBC plasmalogen levels were lower in humans than bonobos, chimpanzees, and gorillas, but higher than orangutans. There were especially pronounced cross-species differences in the levels of plasmalogens with a C16:0 moiety at the sn-1 position. Humans on Western or vegan diets had comparable total RBC plasmalogen levels, but the latter group showed moderately higher levels of plasmalogens with a C18:1 moiety at the sn-1 position. We did not find robust sex-specific differences in human or chimpanzee RBC plasmalogen levels or composition. Furthermore, human and great ape skin fibroblasts showed only modest differences in peroxisomal plasmalogen biosynthetic activity. Human and chimpanzee microarray data indicated that genes involved in plasmalogen biosynthesis show cross-species differential expression in multiple tissues. Conclusion We propose that the observed differences in human and great ape RBC plasmalogens are primarily caused by their rates of biosynthesis and/or turnover. Gene expression data raise the possibility that other human and great ape cells and tissues differ in plasmalogen levels. Based on the phenotypes of humans and rodents with plasmalogen disorders, we propose that cross-species differences in tissue plasmalogen levels could influence organ functions and processes ranging from cognition to reproduction to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann B Moser
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Wu TH, Stine JJ, Bechtel PJ. Preliminary chemical and nutritional characterization of liver from longnose skates (Raja rhina). J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Magnusson CD, Gudmundsdottir AV, Haraldsson GG. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a focused library of enantiopure structured 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol type ether lipids. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Magnusson CD, Haraldsson GG. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure (Z)-(2′R)-1-O-(2′-methoxyhexadec-4′-enyl)-sn-glycerol present in the liver oil of cartilaginous fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Afinisha Deepam LS, Arumughan C. Characterization of sn-2 alk-1'-enyl ethers of glycerol from rice bran oil. J Oleo Sci 2010; 59:521-6. [PMID: 20877144 DOI: 10.5650/jos.59.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ether lipids have biological applications which would dissipated as an important constituent in cell membranes. These are mostly found in animal tissues and rare in plant origin. Alk-1'-enyl ethers are class of ether lipid forming aldehydes on cleavage of ether bonds. The present study enrolled the presence of aldehyde in unsaponifiable matter of rice bran oil (RBO) and hence the identification of source of aldehydes in RBO was conducted. With respect to the earlier reports the investigation turned to major lipid constituents such as triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols etc. Using the column chomatographic method lipid fractions are separated, recolumned, purified and analyzed by spectrochemical methods such as FT-IR, (1)HNMR, (13)CNMR, Mass spectrometry and confirmed the presence of ether lipids. The sn-2 position was confirmed by enzymatic hydrolysis using pancreatic lipase. Moreover the formation of aldehyde from these ether lipids was also confirmed by spectrometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Afinisha Deepam
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Kerala, India
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Aiello A, Fattorusso E, Menna M, Vitalone R, Schröder HC, Müller WEG. Mumijo traditional medicine: fossil deposits from antarctica (chemical composition and beneficial bioactivity). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011:738131. [PMID: 18996940 PMCID: PMC3139983 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mumijo is a widely used traditional medicine, especially in Russia, Altai Mountains, Mongolia, Iran Kasachstan and in Kirgistan. Mumijo preparations have been successfully used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases; they display immune-stimulating and antiallergic activity as well. In the present study, we investigate the chemical composition and the biomedical potential of a Mumijo(-related) product collected from the Antarctica. The yellow material originates from the snow petrels, Pagodroma nivea. Extensive purification and chemical analysis revealed that the fossil samples are a mixture of glycerol derivatives. In vitro experiments showed that the Mumijo extract caused in cortical neurons a strong neuroprotective effect against the apoptosis-inducing amyloid peptide fragment β-fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35). In addition, the fraction rich in glycerol ethers/wax esters displayed a significant growth-promoting activity in permanent neuronal PC12 cells. It is concluded that this new Mumijo preparation has distinct and marked neuroprotective activity, very likely due to the content of glycerol ether derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università di Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Jacobsson I, Jönsson AK, Gerdén B, Hägg S. Spontaneously reported adverse reactions in association with complementary and alternative medicine substances in Sweden. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010; 18:1039-47. [PMID: 19650152 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the safety information is limited, use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) products is not without risks. Spontaneous reporting systems may be used in the surveillance of these products. We describe the pattern of spontaneously reported CAM related adverse reactions submitted to the Swedish Medical Products Agency (MPA) and highlight areas of safety concern. METHODS All adverse reactions spontaneously reported to MPA between 1987 and 2006, where at least one CAM substance was a suspected agent, were scrutinised. From each report information about the patient, adverse reaction/s, drug treatment/s, dosage, time relationship and outcome was retrieved. RESULTS Among a total of 64 493 reports, 778 reports concerned 967 suspected adverse reactions related to 175 different CAM products. The main distribution of suspected adverse reactions was: urticaria (8.3%), exanthema (7.4%) and contact dermatitis (5.7%). The most reported CAM substances were purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) (8.1%), purple coneflower + siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) + malabar nut (Adhatoda vasica) (7.3%) and ginkgo leaf (Ginkgo biloba) (6.7%). In 221 reports, at least one reaction was categorised as serious, the most frequent being pulmonary embolism (1.7%), mixed liver reaction (2.8%), and anaphylactic reaction (2.0%). Eleven of the serious adverse reactions had a fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS CAM substances were associated with a variety of adverse reactions. Some of these have previously been unrecognised or poorly documented and suggest further investigations. By stimulating the reporting of adverse reactions of CAM products, the signal detection power of the spontaneous reporting system may increase further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Jacobsson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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Anadón A, Martínez MA, Ares I, Ramos E, Señoráns FJ, Reglero G, Torres C. Acute and repeated dose (28 days) oral safety studies of an alkoxyglycerol extract from shark liver oil in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2040-2046. [PMID: 20020698 DOI: 10.1021/jf903384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Shark liver oil has been used for over 50 years as both a therapeutic and preventive agent. The active ingredients in shark liver oil have been found to be a group of ether-linked glycerols known as alkoxyglycerols. Despite its popularity, there is little published toxicology data on alkoxyglycerols. The toxicity of a supercritical fluid extract of shark liver oil (AKG-1 extract) has been evaluated in acute and repeated dose (28 days) oral toxicity studies in rats at doses of 200 and 100 times the maximum recommended dose by supplement manufacturers in humans, respectively. The AKG-1 extract administered in a single oral gavage dose of 2000 mg kg(-1) of body weight resulted in no adverse events or mortality. The AKG-1 extract administered as a daily dose of 1000 mg kg(-1) of body weight for 28 days by gavage resulted in no adverse effects or mortality. For both studies, no abnormal clinical signs, behavioral changes, body weight changes, or change in food and water consumption occurred. There were no changes in hematological and serum chemistry values, organ weights, or gross or histological characteristics. It is concluded that the AKG-1 extract is well tolerated in rats at an acute dose of 2000 mg kg(-1) and at a subchronic (28 days) dose of 1000 mg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Anadón
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Vitorino DC, Buzzachera CF, Curi R, Fernandes LC. Effect of chronic supplementation with shark liver oil on immune responses of exercise-trained rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:1225-32. [PMID: 20033704 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that chronic supplementation with shark liver oil (SLO) improves immune response of lymphocyte, macrophage and neutrophil in animal models and humans. In a similar manner, exercise training also stimulates the immune system. However, we are not aware of any study about the association of exercise and SLO supplementation on immune response. Thus, our main goal was to investigate the effect of chronic supplementation with SLO on immune responses of exercise-trained rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary with no supplementation (SED, n = 20), sedentary with SLO supplementation (SEDslo, n = 20), exercised (EX, n = 17) and exercised supplemented with SLO (EXslo, n = 19). Rats swam for 6 weeks, 1.5 h/day, in water at 32 +/- 1 degrees C, with a load of 6.0% body weight attached to the thorax of rat. Animals were killed 48 h after the last exercise session. SLO supplementation did not change phagocytosis, lysosomal volume, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production by peritoneal macrophages and blood neutrophils. Thymus and spleen lymphocyte proliferation were significantly higher in SEDslo, EX, and EXslo groups compared with SED group (P < 0.05). Gut-associated lymphocyte proliferation, on the other hand, was similar between the four experimental groups. Our findings show that SLO and EX indeed are able to increase lymphocyte proliferation, but their association did not induce further stimulation in the adaptive immune response and also did not modify innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cristina Vitorino
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Biological Sciences Building, Curitiba, PR 81530-970, Brazil.
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Hajimoradi M, Hassan ZM, Pourfathollah AA, Daneshmandi S, Pakravan N. The effect of shark liver oil on the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and cytokine pattern in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:565-570. [PMID: 19505554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shark Liver Oil (SLO) is a traditional medicine that has been widely used in Scandinavian folk to augment the immune response in some immune-related diseases, especially as an anti-cancer agent. AIM OF THE STUDY The object of this project was to confirm the anti-cancer effect of SLO and the possible involving mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in normal mice, the optimal dose for stimulation of cellular immunity was obtained and injected intraperitoneally to the tumor-bearing mice. Cytokine pattern of splenic MNCs was tested by ELISA. The percentage of CD(4)(+) and CD(8)(+) lymphocytes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. Also the rate of increase in tumor volume measured. RESULTS Our findings indicated that SLO highly augments delayed-type hypersensitivity response against sheep Red Blood Cell (sRBC) in mice. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of SLO to tumor-bearing mice could increase T-cell infiltration into the tumor and lower the increasing rate of tumor's volume. Also, it changes the cytokine pattern of the splenic Mononuclear cells (MNCs) to Th1. CONCLUSION Increase in IFN-gamma (resulting in enhanced cellular immunity) and increase in especially CD(8)(+) lymphocytes accompanied by a decrease in tumor size are among the signs of its anti-tumor effect. Accordingly, we suppose that SLO is a good candidate for further studies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monire Hajimoradi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Torres CF, Vázquez L, Señoráns FJ, Reglero G. Enzymatic synthesis of short-chain diacylated alkylglycerols: A kinetic study. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mitre R, Etienne M, Martinais S, Salmon H, Allaume P, Legrand P, Legrand AB. Humoral defence improvement and haematopoiesis stimulation in sows and offspring by oral supply of shark-liver oil to mothers during gestation and lactation. Br J Nutr 2007; 94:753-62. [PMID: 16277779 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Shark-liver oil (SLO) contains two bioactive lipids: alkylglycerols andn-3 PUFA. Alkylglycerols have immunostimulating and haematopoietic properties, whilen-3 PUFA are essential for optimal neonatal development. We investigated the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with 32g SLO/d to twelve pregnant and then lactating sows (from day 80 of pregnancy to weaning) on the growth and immune status of their offspring, compared with a control group. Sows were vaccinated against Aujeszky's disease 21d before term. Blood samples were collected from sows before treatment, on delivery and 14d later, and from five piglets per litter on days 2, 21 and 36 after birth; colostrum and milk samples were collected 12h, 14 and 28d postpartum. Compared with controls, supplemented sows had higher levels of both erythrocytes and Hb in their blood, and higher concentrations of IgG, alkylglycerols andn-3 PUFA in their mammary secretions. In piglets from supplemented sows, leucocytes and IgG were higher. Supplementation with SLO resulted in an increase in Aujeszky antibodies in both blood and colostrum of sows after vaccination, together with an increase in Aujeszky antibodies in piglet blood. Our findings demonstrate that improvement of both passive and active immune status in piglets is related to the consumption of alkylglycerols associated withn-3 PUFA in the sow diet. The overall improvement in offspring health status by SLO supplementation to the mother could be of interest for optimisation of the lipid diet during and after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Mitre
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 2 avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
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Akutsu K, Tanaka Y, Hayakawa K. Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in shark liver oil supplements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:1323-9. [PMID: 17118876 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600892966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Results are reported of a pilot survey of concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in shark liver oil supplements. Eleven brands of dietary supplements were analysed using an isotope dilution GC/MS method. Total concentrations of 10 PBDE congeners (BDE-28, -47, -49, -66, -99, -100, -153, -154, -155 and -183) ranged from 0.1 to 53 ng g-1 oil weight and total concentrations of six PCB congeners (CB-28/31, -52, -118, -153 and -180) in the samples ranged from 16 to 340 ng g-1 oil weight (undetected values are not included). Two brands of Japanese deep-sea shark liver oil contained the highest levels of PBDEs (49-53 ng g-1 oil weight) and PCBs (290-340 ng g-1 oil weight). These results indicate that PBDEs may have entered Japanese deep-sea waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Akutsu
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
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35
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Mitre R, Cheminade C, Allaume P, Legrand P, Legrand AB. Oral intake of shark liver oil modifies lipid composition and improves motility and velocity of boar sperm. Theriogenology 2004; 62:1557-66. [PMID: 15451263 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2003] [Revised: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 02/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The natural ether-lipids 1-O-alkylglycerols (alkyl-Gro) from shark liver oil improve boar sperm motility and fertility in vitro. We examined the effects of oral shark liver oil on motility and velocity parameters of sperm together with modifications of lipid composition. Eleven boars were used as control and 11 were fed with 40 g/day for 28 days and sperm was collected on Days 0, 14 and 28 in control and treated groups. After 28 days treatment, sperm motility was improved by 2.9% as well as velocity parameters (curvilinear velocity +10.75%, progressive velocity +18.8% and average path velocity +13.5%) and sperm lipid composition was modified as follows: alkyl-Gro with saturated chains were increased (C16:0 +40.1%, C18:0 +87.2%) while alkyl-Gro with unsaturated chains remained absent, as in the control group, despite the prominence of C18:1 and C16:1 in shark liver oil. The treatment also resulted in an overall increase in the proportion of n - 3 and n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in sperm lipids with a prominent increase of docosahexaenoic acid over time (18.9 +/- 1.34% at Day 0 to 25.7 +/- 1.11% at Day 28) and compared to control (25.7 +/- 1.11% for treated versus 16.1 +6/- 0.81 % for control at Day 28, respectively). These data demonstrate the influence of lipid intake on boar sperm composition and functions and suggest that oral intake of shark liver oil might improve reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Mitre
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
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Halldorsson A, Thordarson P, Kristinsson B, Magnusson CD, Haraldsson GG. Lipase-catalysed kinetic resolution of 1-O-alkylglycerols by sequential transesterification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pédrono F, Cheminade C, Legrand AB. Natural 1-O-alkylglycerols reduce platelet-activating factor-induced release of [3H]-serotonin in rabbit platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2004; 71:19-23. [PMID: 15172680 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural 1-O-alkylglycerols have multiple biological activities with distinct mechanisms. In THP-1 monocytes, they amplify platelet-activating factor production. In endothelial cells, they participate in the production of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol, a PKC inhibitor. Since PAF as well as PKC may interfere with platelet functions, we studied the effect of natural alkylglycerols purified from shark liver oil on [3H]-serotonin release from rabbit platelets in vitro. [3H]-alkylglycerols (1 microM) were consistently incorporated into platelet lipids and after a 2-h incubation, they were metabolised into phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, which represented 53.5+/-1.7%, 36.3+/-1.8%, 5.3+/-0.5% of metabolised [3H]-alkylglycerols, respectively. Alkylglycerols (10 microM) had no effect on spontaneous [3H]-serotonin release. However, alkylglycerols partially inhibited PAF-induced [3H]-serotonin release while they did not modify thrombin-induced release. These data show that alkylglycerols inhibit partially and specifically PAF-induced platelet stimulation and suggest that this effect could result from interfering with PAF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pédrono
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Rennes I, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
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Cheminade C, Gautier V, Hichami A, Allaume P, Le Lannou D, Legrand AB. 1-O-alkylglycerols improve boar sperm motility and fertility. Biol Reprod 2002; 66:421-8. [PMID: 11804958 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod66.2.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
1-O-alkylglycerols are naturally occurring ether lipids with potent biological activities. They may interfere with lipidic signaling, and they amplify platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis in a monocyte cell line. The PAF is produced by mammalian sperm and is an important activator of sperm motility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in vitro treatment of boar spermatozoa with natural 1-O-alkylglycerols (10 microM) on 1) boar sperm motility; 2) production of PAF and its metabolite, lyso-PAF, by spermatozoa; and 3) fertility in artificial inseminations of breeding sows. Using a computer-assisted spermatozoa analyzer, we found that 1-O-alkylglycerols increased percentage motility as well as velocity parameters after 24 h. These effects were partially or totally reversed by the PAF receptor-antagonist SR 27417. After [3H]-1-O-alkylglycerol incubation with boar spermatozoa, we identified [3H]lyso-PAF by high-performance liquid chromatography. Production of PAF and lyso-PAF was measured with a biological assay using [3H]serotonin release from rabbit platelets. 1-O-alkylglycerols significantly increased lyso-PAF production but had no effect on PAF production. The effect of 1-O-alkylglycerols on fertilization was also evaluated in industrial breedings: 1-O-alkylglycerol-treated or untreated semen dilutions were alternately used for artificial inseminations of sows on 12 farms. 1-O-alkylglycerol treatment increased the number of farrows but had no effect on the mean size of the litters. This study demonstrates that 1-O-alkylglycerol treatment of boar spermatozoa in vitro improves their motility and fertility, and it suggests that this effect is related to PAF metabolism and function in boar spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cheminade
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Rennes I, 35043 Rennes, France
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Hartvigsen K, Ravandi A, Bukhave K, Hølmer G, Kuksis A. Regiospecific analysis of neutral ether lipids by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/single quadrupole mass spectrometry: validation with synthetic compounds. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1116-1124. [PMID: 11747105 DOI: 10.1002/jms.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with on-line electrospray ionization/collision-induced dissociation/mass spectrometry (ESI/CID/MS) is presented for the regiospecific analysis of synthetic reference compounds of neutral ether lipids. The reference compounds were characterized by chromatographic retention times, full mass spectra, and fragmentation patterns as an aid to clarify the regiospecificity of ether lipids from natural sources. The results clearly show that single quadrupole mass spectroscopic analysis may elucidate the regiospecific structure of neutral ether lipids. Ether lipid reference compounds were characterized by five to six major ions in the positive ion mode. The 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerols were analyzed as the diacetoyl derivative, and showed the [M - acetoyl](+) ion as an important diagnostic ion. The diagnostic ions of directly analyzed 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerols and 1-O-alkyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols were the [M - alkyl](+), [M + H - H(2)O](+) and [M + H](+) ions. Regiospecific characterization of the fatty acid position was evident from the relative ion intensities, as the sn-2 species had relatively high [M + H](+) ion intensities compared with [M + H - H(2)O](+), whereas the reverse situation characterized the sn-3 species. Furthermore, corresponding sn-2 and sn-3 species were separated by the chromatographic system. However, loss of water was promoted as fatty acid unsaturation was raised, which may complicate interpretation of the mass spectra. The diagnostic ions of directly analyzed 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerols were the [M - alkyl](+), [M - sn-2-acyl](+) and [M - sn-3-acyl](+) ions. Regiospecific characterization of the fatty acid identity and position was evident from the relative ion intensities, as fragmentation of the sn-2 fatty acids was preferred to the sn-3 fatty acids; however, loss of fatty acids was also promoted by higher degrees of unsaturation. Therefore, both structural and positional effects of the fatty acids affect the spectra of the neutral ether lipids. Fragmentation patterns and optimal capillary exit voltages are suggested for each neutral ether lipid class. The present study demonstrates that reversed-phase HPLC and positive ion ESI/CID/MS provide direct and unambiguous information about the configuration and identity of molecular species in neutral 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hartvigsen
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada
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