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Chmiel J, Malinowska A, Rybakowski F, Leszek J. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness in the Treatment of Methamphetamine Addiction Symptoms: Does Neuroplasticity Play a Role? Brain Sci 2024; 14:320. [PMID: 38671972 PMCID: PMC11047954 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine is a highly stimulating psychoactive drug that causes life-threatening addictions and affects millions of people around the world. Its effects on the brain are complex and include disturbances in the neurotransmitter systems and neurotoxicity. There are several known treatment methods, but their effectiveness is moderate. It must be emphasised that no drugs have been approved for treatment. For this reason, there is an urgent need to develop new, effective, and safe treatments for methamphetamine. One of the potential treatments is mindfulness meditation. In recent years, this technique has been researched extensively in the context of many neurological and psychiatric disorders. METHODS This review explores the use of mindfulness in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Ten studies were identified that used mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. The results show that mindfulness is an effective form of reducing hunger, risk of relapses, stress indicators, depression, and aggression, alone or in combination with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Mindfulness also improved the cognitive function in addicts. The included studies used only behavioural measures. The potential mechanisms of mindfulness in addiction were explained, and it was proposed that it can induce neuroplasticity, alleviating the symptoms of addiction. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from the studies suggest that mindfulness may be an effective treatment option for methamphetamine addiction, used alone or in combination with tDCS. However, further high-quality research is required to establish the role of this treatment option in this field. The use of neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures is fundamental to understand the mechanisms of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chmiel
- Institute of Neurofeedback and tDCS Poland, 70-393 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 54-235 Wrocław, Poland
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2
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Crosswell AD, Mayer SE, Whitehurst LN, Picard M, Zebarjadian S, Epel ES. Deep rest: An integrative model of how contemplative practices combat stress and enhance the body's restorative capacity. Psychol Rev 2024; 131:247-270. [PMID: 38147050 PMCID: PMC11003855 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Engaging in contemplative practice like meditation, yoga, and prayer, is beneficial for psychological and physical well-being. Recent research has identified several underlying psychological and biological pathways that explain these benefits. However, there is not yet consensus on the underlying overlapping physiological mechanisms of contemplative practice benefits. In this article, we integrate divergent scientific literatures on contemplative practice interventions, stress science, and mitochondrial biology, presenting a unified biopsychosocial model of how contemplative practices reduce stress and promote physical health. We argue that engaging in contemplative practice facilitates a restorative state termed "deep rest," largely through safety signaling, during which energetic resources are directed toward cellular optimization and away from energy-demanding stress states. Our model thus presents a framework for how contemplative practices enhance positive psychological and physiological functioning by optimizing cellular energy consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Crosswell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stefanie E. Mayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | | | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
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3
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Teixeira-Santos AC, Gomes L, Pereira DR, Ribeiro F, Silva-Fernandes A, Federspiel C, Steinmetz JP, Leist AK. The MEDITAGING study: protocol of a two-armed randomized controlled study to compare the effects of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program against a health promotion program in older migrants in Luxembourg. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2470. [PMID: 38082350 PMCID: PMC10714656 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration is a phenomenon worldwide, with older migrants, particularly those with fewer socioeconomic resources, having an increased risk of developing adverse cognitive and health outcomes and social isolation. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to validate interventions that promote healthy aging in this population. Previous studies have shown a positive impact of mindfulness based-stress reduction (MBSR) on outcomes such as cognition and sleep. However, only a few studies verified its potential in older adults, especially with vulnerable populations such as migrants. This article presents the protocol of the MEDITAGING study, which is the first to investigate the MBSR effects in migrants aged ≥55 in comparison to a health promotion program. METHODS MEDITAGING is a two-arm randomized, double-blinded, controlled study, which will include older Portuguese-speaking migrants (n = 90). Participants are randomized to the MBSR or a health promotion program. Both interventions are conducted in groups over a total of 8 weeks, incorporating weekly meetings, an additional 4-hour class, and extra at-home tasks. The health promotion program has the same structure as the MBSR but comprises different activities related to dementia prevention, healthy habits, cognitive stimulation, sleeping, nutrition, watercolor painting, and physical activity. The assessment of executive functioning, physiological stress measures, self-reported questionnaires, and qualitative interviews are conducted at baseline, after 8 weeks (post-intervention), and at a follow-up session (from one to 3 months thereafter). Analyzes will be conducted using a modified intention-to-treat approach (all participants with at least 3 days of participation in the group-sessions and one post-intervention observation). DISCUSSION This study will test effects of a mindfulness-based intervention against an active control condition in older adult migrants, which few studies have addressed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05615337 (date of registration: 27 September 2022; date of record verification: 14 November 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Teixeira-Santos
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Leandro Gomes
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Human Sciences, State University of Amazonas PPGICH/UEA, Manaus, Brazil
- NAURBE Group - Cities, Popular Cultures and Heritage, Federal University of Amazonas - Postgraduate Program in Social Anthropology, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Diana R Pereira
- Human Cognition Laboratory - CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fabiana Ribeiro
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anabela Silva-Fernandes
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Anja K Leist
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Lei Y, Liu J, Wang X, Deng Z, Gao Q. Trait Mindfulness and Physical Health among Chinese Middle-Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16088. [PMID: 36498162 PMCID: PMC9735778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the specific effects of trait mindfulness on physical health status, especially from a resilient aging perspective. This study examined the mediating role of mental health in the association between trait mindfulness and physical health status among middle-older adults in urban China. The participants included 188 individuals who were recruited from a community senior university and five community senior care centers. The findings reveal: (1) trait mindfulness has a strong effect on two physical health indicators (self-rated physical health and subjective sleep quality); (2) mental health is a significant mediator in the relationship between trait mindfulness and physical health status; and (3) the mediation role of mental health is more evident in the self-rated physical health model (24.15%) than subjective sleep quality (18.10%). This study improves our knowledge of how trait mindfulness can lead to a better physical health in middle-older adults and can lead to the development of social value communication and effective prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuruo Lei
- Global Megacity Governance Institute, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Global Megacity Governance Institute, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhiqi Deng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiufeng Gao
- Department of Sociology, School of Government, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Sun S, Sheridan M, Tyrka A, Donofry SD, Erickson K, Loucks E. Addressing the biological embedding of early life adversities (ELA) among adults through mindfulness: Proposed mechanisms and review of converging evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104526. [PMID: 34998833 PMCID: PMC8844271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversities (ELA) are prevalent and have a profound and adverse impact across the lifespan, including on age-related health outcomes, yet interventions to remediate its adverse impact are scarce. This paper presents evidence for mindfulness training to reduce the elevated mental and physical health risks linked to ELA among adults by targeting biological mechanisms of ELA leading to these adverse health outcomes. We first provide a brief overview of ELA, its adverse health impacts, and mechanisms that might be responsible. Next, we review converging evidence that demonstrates that mindfulness training influences key biological pathways involved in ELA-linked negative health consequences, including (a) brain networks involved in self-regulation, (b) immunity and inflammation, (c) telomere biology, and (d) epigenetic modifications. Further, we review preliminary evidence from mindfulness-based trials that focused on populations impacted by ELA. We discuss limitations of this review and provide recommendations for future research. If effective, a mindfulness-based approach could be an important public health strategy for remediating the adverse mental and physical health consequences of ELA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, United States; Mindfulness Center at Brown University, United States.
| | - Margaret Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Audrey Tyrka
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Alpert Medical School
| | | | - Kirk Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric Loucks
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health,Mindfulness Center at Brown University
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Abstract
There is growing scientific evidence that yoga interventions have positive impacts on health in community-dwelling older adults. Older adults are an exponentially growing cohort; efforts to improve their health can also contribute to community health. The objective of the current integrative review was to examine quantitative evidence concerning effectiveness of yoga interventions related to the health of community-dwelling older adults. Six studies met inclusion criteria of community-dwelling older adults, randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, and yoga intervention in the past 10 years. Hatha yoga was most frequently used; interventions were well-received with high adherence rates. Benefits from participation in yoga included improvements in psychological and physical health, such as reductions in anger, anxiety, and fear of falling, and increases in well-being, self-efficacy, improved executive and immunological function, strength, and balance. Findings reveal that additional well-designed yoga RCTs are indicated with longer intervention and follow up to assess lifespan changes. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(2), 43-52.].
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Allen ES, Evans S, Wyka K. Making the Most of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Participant Feedback Reveals Strengths and Challenges. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Reynolds GO, Willment K, Gale SA. Mindfulness and Cognitive Training Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Cognition and Mood. Am J Med 2021; 134:444-455. [PMID: 33385339 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the lack of disease-modifying pharmacologic treatments for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, there has been an increasing clinical and research focus on nonpharmacological interventions for these disorders. Many treatment approaches, such as mindfulness and cognitive training, aim to mitigate or delay cognitive decline, particularly in early disease stages, while also offering potential benefits for mood and quality of life. In this review, we highlight the potential of mindfulness and cognitive training to improve cognition and mood in mild cognitive impairment. Emerging research suggests that these approaches are feasible and safe in this population, with preliminary evidence of positive effects on aspects of cognition (attention, psychomotor function, memory, executive function), depression, and anxiety, though some findings have been unclear or limited by methodological weaknesses. Even so, mindfulness and cognitive training warrant inclusion as current treatments for adults with mild cognitive impairment, even if there is need for additional research to clarify treatment outcomes and questions related to dose, mechanisms, and transfer and longevity of treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Willment
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Seth A Gale
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
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Galante J, Friedrich C, Dawson AF, Modrego-Alarcón M, Gebbing P, Delgado-Suárez I, Gupta R, Dean L, Dalgleish T, White IR, Jones PB. Mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in adults in nonclinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003481. [PMID: 33428616 PMCID: PMC7799763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for mental health promotion in nonclinical settings. Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) are being widely implemented to reduce stress, but a comprehensive evidence synthesis is lacking. We reviewed trials to assess whether MBPs promote mental health relative to no intervention or comparator interventions. METHODS AND FINDINGS Following a detailed preregistered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42018105213) developed with public and professional stakeholders, 13 databases were searched to August 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining in-person, expert-defined MBPs in nonclinical settings. Two researchers independently selected, extracted, and appraised trials using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool 2.0. Primary outcomes were psychometrically validated anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and mental well-being questionnaires at 1 to 6 months after programme completion. Multiple testing was performed using p < 0.0125 (Bonferroni) for statistical significance. Secondary outcomes, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were prespecified. Pairwise random-effects multivariate meta-analyses and prediction intervals (PIs) were calculated. A total of 11,605 participants in 136 trials were included (29 countries, 77% women, age range 18 to 73 years). Compared with no intervention, in most but not all scenarios MBPs improved average anxiety (8 trials; standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.80 to -0.33; p-value < 0.001; 95% PI -1.19 to 0.06), depression (14 trials; SMD = -0.53; 95% CI -0.72 to -0.34; p-value < 0.001; 95% PI -1.14 to 0.07), distress (27 trials; SMD = -0.45; 95% CI -0.58 to -0.31; p-value < 0.001; 95% PI -1.04 to 0.14), and well-being (9 trials; SMD = 0.33; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.54; p-value = 0.003; 95% PI -0.29 to 0.94). Compared with nonspecific active control conditions, in most but not all scenarios MBPs improved average depression (6 trials; SMD = -0.46; 95% CI -0.81 to -0.10; p-value = 0.012, 95% PI -1.57 to 0.66), with no statistically significant evidence for improving anxiety or distress and no reliable data on well-being. Compared with specific active control conditions, there is no statistically significant evidence of MBPs' superiority. Only effects on distress remained when higher-risk trials were excluded. USA-based trials reported smaller effects. MBPs targeted at higher-risk populations had larger effects than universal MBPs. The main limitation of this review is that confidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach is moderate to very low, mainly due to inconsistency and high risk of bias in many trials. CONCLUSIONS Compared with taking no action, MBPs of the included studies promote mental health in nonclinical settings, but given the heterogeneity between studies, the findings do not support generalisation of MBP effects across every setting. MBPs may have specific effects on some common mental health symptoms. Other preventative interventions may be equally effective. Implementation of MBPs in nonclinical settings should be partnered with thorough research to confirm findings and learn which settings are most likely to benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Galante
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East of England, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Marta Modrego-Alarcón
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Irene Delgado-Suárez
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Medical Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Lydia Dean
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R White
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Jones
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East of England, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Addington EL, Javandel S, De Gruttola V, Paul R, Milanini B, Ances BM, Moskowitz JT, Valcour V. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: Rationale and protocol for a randomized controlled trial in older adults. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 98:106150. [PMID: 32942053 PMCID: PMC7686285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The symptom burden of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is high among older individuals, and treatment options are limited. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has potential to improve neurocognitive performance, psychosocial wellbeing, and quality of life, but empirical studies in this growing vulnerable population are lacking. In this trial, participants (N = 180) age 55 and older who are living with HIV infection, are on combination antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral loads, and yet continue to experience behavioral and cognitive symptoms of HAND, are randomized to MBSR or to a waitlist control arm that receives MBSR following a 16-week period of standard care. Primary outcomes (attention, executive function, stress, anxiety, depression, everyday functioning, quality of life) and potential mediators (affect, mindfulness) and moderators (social support, loneliness) are assessed at baseline and weeks 8, 16, and 48 in both groups, with an additional assessment at week 24 (post-MBSR) in the crossover control group. Assessments include self-report and objective measures (e.g., neuropsychological assessment, neurological exam, clinical labs). In addition, a subset of participants (n = 30 per group) are randomly selected to undergo fMRI to evaluate changes in functional connectivity networks and their relationship to changes in neuropsychological outcomes. Forthcoming findings from this randomized controlled trial have the potential to contribute to a growing public health need as the number of older adults with HAND is expected to rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Addington
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Shireen Javandel
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Victor De Gruttola
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Paul
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benedetta Milanini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Judith T Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Saghari M, Gal P, Ziagkos D, Burggraaf J, Powell JF, Brennan N, Rissmann R, van Doorn MBA, Moerland M. A randomized controlled trial with a delayed-type hypersensitivity model using keyhole limpet haemocyanin to evaluate adaptive immune responses in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1953-1962. [PMID: 33025648 PMCID: PMC8056735 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) immunization is a clinical model for the evaluation of human antibody responses. The current study evaluated the anti-KLH antibody response after KLH immunization and the delayed-type hypersensitivity response following intradermal KLH administration, using objective imaging techniques. METHODS Healthy male subjects aged 24.5 ± 5.4 years were randomized to intramuscular immunization with 100 μg KLH (n = 12) or placebo (n = 3). Anti-KLH antibody (Ig) M and IgG titres were determined before and every 7 days after KLH immunization for a total of 28 days. Twenty-one days after the immunization, all subjects received 1 μg KLH intradermally. Prior to and 2 days after intradermal KLH administration, skin blood perfusion, erythema and oedema were quantified using noninvasive imaging tools. Repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to analyse data. RESULTS Anti-KLH IgM and IgG titres increased after KLH immunization compared to placebo (estimated difference [ED]: 37%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 19-51% and ED: 68%, 95% CI: 56-76% respectively). Upon intradermal KLH administration an increase in skin blood perfusion (ED: 10.9 arbitrary units (AU), 95% CI: 1.4-20.4 AU) and erythema (ED: 0.3 AU, 95% CI: 0.1-0.5 AU) was observed in KLH-immunized subjects compared to placebo. CONCLUSION KLH immunization followed by intradermal KLH administration resulted in increased anti-KLH IgM and IgG titres and a delayed-type hypersensitivity response quantified by an increase in skin blood perfusion and erythema. Using noninvasive imaging tools the KLH model has the potential to serve as an objective tool to study the pharmacodynamics of T-cell-directed immunomodulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Saghari
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Van Lente E, Hogan MJ. Understanding the Nature of Oneness Experience in Meditators Using Collective Intelligence Methods. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2092. [PMID: 33041881 PMCID: PMC7527461 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on meditation and mindfulness practice has flourished in recent years. While much of this research has focused on well-being outcomes associated with mindfulness practice, less research has focused on how perception of self may change as a result of mindfulness practice, or whether these changes in self-perception may be mechanisms of mindfulness in action. This is somewhat surprising given that mindfulness derives from traditions often described as guiding people to realize and experience the non-separation of self from the world or its "oneness" with the whole of reality. The current study used a collective intelligence methodology, Interactive Management (IM), to explore the nature of oneness experiences. Five IM sessions were conducted with five separate groups of experienced meditators. Participants generated, clarified, and selected oneness self-perceptions they believed most characterized their experience both during meditation and in their everyday experience in the world. Each group also developed structural models describing how highly ranked aspects of oneness self-perceptions are interrelated in a system. Consistent themes and categories of oneness experience appeared across the five IM sessions, with changes in the sense of space (unboundedness), time, identity, wholeness, and flow highlighted as most influential. Results are discussed in light of emerging theory and research on oneness self-perception and non-dual awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Van Lente
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael J Hogan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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13
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Effects of Mind-Body Exercise in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7607161. [PMID: 32952591 PMCID: PMC7487122 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7607161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Mind-body exercise may have potential benefits for cancer survivors according to previous studies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the published evidence and evaluate the safety and efficacy of mind-body exercise on general quality of life (QOL) and symptom management in cancer survivors. Methods Four English language databases were systematically searched for existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mind-body exercise in cancer survivors from database inception through October 23, 2019. Methodological quality was appraised with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A meta-analysis of comparative effects was performed using the Review Manager v.5.3 software. Results Fifteen studies encompassing 1461 patients were included. Analysis results showed that mind-body exercise could have a statistically significant effect on the outcomes of physical fitness, fatigue, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and BMI, while effects on general QOL and stress were not statistically significant (all p > 0.05). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions The current evidence demonstrates that mind-body exercise is relatively safe and modestly effective for symptom management in cancer survivors. Furthermore, randomized trials with larger sample sizes and of higher methodological quality are needed to confirm these results.
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Marciniak R, Šumec R, Vyhnálek M, Bendíčková K, Lázničková P, Forte G, Jeleník A, Římalová V, Frič J, Hort J, Sheardová K. The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Depression, Cognition, and Immunity in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1365-1381. [PMID: 32848377 PMCID: PMC7429186 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s249196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based programs have shown a promising effect on several health factors associated with increased risk of dementia and the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia such as depression, stress, cognitive decline, immune system and brain structural and functional changes. Studies on mindfulness in MCI subjects are sparse and frequently lack control intervention groups. OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility and the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) practice on depression, cognition and immunity in MCI compared to cognitive training. METHODS Twenty-eight MCI subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. MBSR group underwent 8-week MBSR program. Control group underwent 8-week cognitive training. Their cognitive and immunological profiles and level of depressive symptoms were examined at baseline, after each 8-week intervention (visit 2, V2) and six months after each intervention (visit 3, V3). MBSR participants completed feasibility questionnaire at V2. RESULTS Twenty MCI patients completed the study (MBSR group n=12, control group n=8). MBSR group showed significant reduction in depressive symptoms at both V2 (p=0.03) and V3 (p=0.0461) compared to the baseline. There was a minimal effect on cognition - a group comparison analysis showed better psychomotor speed in the MBSR group compared to the control group at V2 (p=0.0493) but not at V3. There was a detectable change in immunological profiles in both groups, more pronounced in the MBSR group. Participants checked only positive/neutral answers concerning the attractivity/length of MBSR intervention. More severe cognitive decline (PVLT≤36) was associated with the lower adherence to home practice. CONCLUSION MBSR is well-accepted potentially promising intervention with positive effect on cognition, depressive symptoms and immunological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Marciniak
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Šumec
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnálek
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Bendíčková
- Center of Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lázničková
- Center of Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center of Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Jeleník
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Římalová
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frič
- Center of Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Sheardová
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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Patel V, Menezes H, Menezes C, Bouwer S, Bostick-Smith CA, Speelman DL. Regular Mindful Yoga Practice as a Method to Improve Androgen Levels in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Osteopath Med 2020; 120:2764759. [PMID: 32285088 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2020.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holistic approaches are needed to complement existing therapies for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common disorder affecting the health of reproductive-aged females. OBJECTIVE To determine whether thrice-weekly mindful yoga practice improves endocrine, cardiometabolic, or psychological parameters in women with PCOS. METHODS Thirty-one women with PCOS between the ages of 23 and 42 years and living in Erie County, Pennsylvania, were recruited for this randomized, controlled study arm, which was part of a larger 3-part investigation. Women were randomly assigned to either a mindful yoga intervention group or no intervention (control) group. Group classes were 1 hour, thrice weekly. Initial endocrine, cardiometabolic, and psychological measurements were compared with measurements taken after the 3-month intervention period. Measurements included free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and anxiety and depression scores. RESULTS Twenty-two women completed the 3-month intervention period, 13 in the mindful yoga group and 9 in the control group. Paired comparisons of pre- and postintervention parameters indicated that women who completed the mindful yoga intervention had significantly lower free testosterone levels (5.96 vs 4.24 pg/mL; P<.05) and dehydroepiandrosterone levels that trended lower. Improved testosterone may persist for several months after completion of a 3-month, thrice-weekly mindful yoga intervention. Additionally, improvements were seen in measures of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION The improvements observed suggest that regular mindful yoga practice can be a useful complementary therapeutic option for women with PCOS, particularly for improving serum androgen levels, a hallmark feature of PCOS. This improvement occurred in the absence of weight loss and may persist even if there is a lapse in practice. (ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT03383484).
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Van der Riet P, Francis L, Rees A. Exploring the impacts of mindfulness and yoga upon childbirth outcomes and maternal health: an integrative review. Scand J Caring Sci 2019; 34:552-565. [PMID: 31797402 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foetal development and the long-term outcomes of the infant are influenced by the intrauterine environment. Strategies to enhance maternal health in pregnancy are needed to improve health outcomes for childbearing women and babies, advancing the well-being of our general population. AIM To synthesise the existing literature to determine the impacts of mindfulness and yoga practice upon birth outcomes and maternal health. METHODS An integrative literature review using Whittemore and Knafl's framework was undertaken in 2016-2017. Two search strategies included database peer-reviewed journal articles and ancestry searching, that is exploring the reference list of relevant research articles. After screening and checking the eligibility, a total of 12 articles were included in this review. Data analysis involved coding, visual displays, thematic analysis and comparison, and conclusion drawing. RESULTS The results of this review identified a broad theme that mindfulness and yoga practice is associated with improved maternal mental health antenatally and postnatally. Subthemes have been presented under the central theme including the following: increased mindfulness correlates with decreased fear of childbirth; reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression; and supportive group settings found to be beneficial by pregnant women. CONCLUSION The evidence presented in this review suggests that mindfulness and yoga practice are feasible and cost-effective interventions to enhance maternal mental health, particularly for women experiencing mental health challenges. Mindfulness and yoga practised regularly in the antenatal period can significantly promote the health of pregnant women and potentially their developing babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Van der Riet
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyn Francis
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Rees
- University of Newcastle, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Felsted KF, Supiano KP. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Versus a Health Enhancement Program in the Treatment of Urge Urinary Incontinence in Older Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. Res Gerontol Nurs 2019; 12:285-297. [PMID: 31283830 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20190702-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment practices for older adult women with urge urinary incontinence (UUI) remain insufficient and ineffective. A randomized controlled feasibility trial was developed to evaluate three determinants of research feasibility and three determinants of intervention feasibility when comparing mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) with a health enhancement program (HEP) in older adult women with UUI. Participants were recruited from the university health system, county senior centers, and community sites. Twenty-five postmenopausal women (mean age = 74 years) were randomized into MBSR treatment conditions or HEP comparison conditions for an 8-week intervention. Participants remained blinded to conditions. Research feasibility determinants were measured as recruitment, retention, and treatment delivery; intervention feasibility determinants were measured as acceptability, tolerability, and client receipt/enactment. Feasibility determinants established in the research literature as essential to intervention evaluation were recorded and evaluated throughout the current study. All six feasibility determinants confirmed positive results in the enrolled population. The use of MBSR and HEP as the active comparison to treat UUI in older adult women proved feasible in this trial. The results warrant the design of a larger-scale, multisite trial to study the efficacy of MBSR in treating UUI in older adult women. TARGETS Older adult women with high incidence of UUI. INTERVENTION DESCRIPTION MBSR treatment conditions or HEP comparison conditions. MECHANISMS OF ACTION Research and intervention feasibility determinants. OUTCOMES The use of MBSR and HEP as the active comparison to treat UUI in older adult women proved feasible in this trial. [ Research in Gerontological Nursing, 12(6), 285-297.].
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Zhang S, Zou L, Chen LZ, Yao Y, Loprinzi PD, Siu PM, Wei GX. The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on Negative Emotions in Non-Clinical Populations: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3033. [PMID: 31438638 PMCID: PMC6747200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) as a typical mind-body practice has been investigated for its preventive role on negative emotions and has demonstrated its efficacy in healthy populations. However, the results are not consistent. We performed a meta-analysis and systematically evaluated the effect of TCC on selected negative emotions (i.e., anxiety and depression). Fourteen experimental studies from three English-and two Chinese-language databases were evaluated. The results showed that the positive effects of TCC on negative emotions were moderately to largely significant. In addition, although TCC significantly improved negative emotions in both the young adults and the older adults, old adults benefited more from TCC than young adults. These findings suggest that TCC is a worthy complementary non-pharmacological resource towards depression and anxiety and, thus, has great implications for the public health domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Li-Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, 215 Turner Center, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Parco M Siu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Gao-Xia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Chang P, Huang L, Huang M, Tian S, Yang Z. Improvement and optimization of a T-cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) method for BALB/c mice using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as specific antigen. J Immunotoxicol 2019. [PMID: 31290717 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1635234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although T-cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) assays with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as specific antigen have many advantages, most experiments produce qualitative results based on antibody titers. It was hypothesized that if experimental conditions (like antigen coating concentration, serum dilution, and detecting [here, horseradish peroxidase-goat anti-mouse IgG] antibody dilution) could be optimized, the resulting measured value (here, optical density) could be used to directly analyze and evaluate the experimental results. This means specifically that the assay OD values could be used for approximate quantitative statistical analysis; it does not require a further conversion of the data into qualitative forms or require obtaining further titer data from additional experiments. As such, the use of this "improved" assay would: greatly reduce the complexity of experimental operations; improve overall sensitivity and practicality of traditional TDAR assays; and, allow for direct assessing of any immunosuppression caused by a test drug in a host. Here, KLH-immunized serum was obtained from BALB/c mice, and the means to detect serum anti-KLH antibodies by an indirect ELISA were optimized. The results indicated that in this system, the optimal KLH coating concentration was 80 μg/ml, the optimal dilution range of the serum (at immunization dose of 5 mg KLH/kg) was 1:200-1:800, and the optimal dilution of HRP-goat anti-mouse IgG antibody was 1:16,000. Methodology verification was performed and a regression model of y = 144.16x + 0.9815 (R2 = 0.9571, indicating very good linearity) was obtained. Intragroup precision was 7.51-9.40%; the intergroup coefficient of variation was 9.83-14.22%. The lower limit of detection was 0.1385. The present results showed this indirect ELISA exhibited very good linearity, accuracy, and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghuan Chang
- a Haikou Municipal People's Hospital and Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Hospital , Haikou , China
| | - Ling Huang
- b Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province , Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
| | - Mianqing Huang
- b Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province , Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
| | - Shuhong Tian
- b Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province , Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
| | - Zhaoxin Yang
- b Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province , Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China
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Hazlett-Stevens H, Singer J, Chong A. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy with Older Adults: A Qualitative Review of Randomized Controlled Outcome Research. Clin Gerontol 2019; 42:347-358. [PMID: 30204557 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2018.1518282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Many older adults cope with various chronic physical health conditions, and in some cases, with mental health and/or cognitive difficulties. Mindfulness-based interventions offer an evidence-based, mind-body complementary treatment approach for a wide range of comorbidities, yet most investigations were conducted with young or middle-aged adults. The purpose of this review was to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of two leading mindfulness-based interventions conducted with older adults. Methods: Our search of five databases identified seven RCT investigations of either Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) conducted exclusively with older adults. Results: Results generally supported the use of MBSR for chronic low back pain, chronic insomnia, improved sleep quality, enhanced positive affect, reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improved memory and executive functioning. In a sample of older adults exhibiting elevated anxiety in the absence of elevated depression, MBCT effectively reduced symptoms of anxiety. Conclusions: This review highlights the feasibility and possible benefits of MBSR and MBCT for older adults. Additional large scale RCTs conducted with older adults coping with the range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive challenges older adults commonly face still are needed. Clinical Implications: MBSR may be a promising intervention for older adults experiencing a variety of health concerns and possibly even cognitive decline. MBCT may reduce geriatric anxiety, although its effects on geriatric depression were not measured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Singer
- a Department of Psychology , University of Nevada , Reno , USA
| | - Adrienne Chong
- a Department of Psychology , University of Nevada , Reno , USA
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22
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O'Toole MS, Bovbjerg DH, Renna ME, Lekander M, Mennin DS, Zachariae R. Effects of psychological interventions on systemic levels of inflammatory biomarkers in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:68-78. [PMID: 29630988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to systematically review randomized controlled trials examining the effects of psychological interventions on inflammatory biomarkers in adult populations and to quantitatively analyze those effects by meta-analysis. Two researchers independently searched key electronic databases, selected eligible publications, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality. Nineteen randomized controlled trials examining a total of 1510 participants were included. The overall combined effect size from pre to post psychological intervention on pro-inflammatory biomarker levels was statistically significant, showing an attenuating effect, although of a small magnitude (s' g = 0.15, p = .008, CI [0.04-0.26]). However, this effect was not maintained into the follow-up period (g < -0.01, p = .964, CI [-0.19-0.18]). Looking at the individual biomarkers assessed across studies, only C-reactive protein (CRP) was found to significantly decrease following psychological intervention. A number of moderation analyses were conducted, none of which reached statistical significance. However, the numerically largest - and significant - within-group effect size was obtained for the group of studies that had preselected participants based on elevated psychological distress (g = 0.29, p = .047). In conclusion, psychological interventions appear efficacious in reducing pro-inflammatory biomarker levels. Future studies are recommended to carefully select individuals based on inflammatory (e.g., the presence of low-grade inflammation) and/or psychological (e.g., psychological distress) criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S O'Toole
- Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - D H Bovbjerg
- Biobehavioral Oncology Program, Hillman Cancer Center; Departments of: Psychiatry, Psychology, Behavioral & Community Health Sciences, and Health & Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M E Renna
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA
| | - M Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - D S Mennin
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA
| | - R Zachariae
- Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Increasing provider awareness of and recommendations for yoga and meditation classes for cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:3635-3640. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A growing body of research supports the use of mind-body therapies (MBTs) as minimally invasive and effective approaches for the management of late-life mood and cognitive disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses indicate that MBTs are effective for enhancing well-being, mood, sleep, and cognition in older adults. Evidence suggests that mindful movement (e.g., yoga, tai chi, walking meditation) may even outperform conventional physical exercise with regard to effects on quality of life, mood, and cognitive functioning. Practitioners may recommend MBTs as holistic, effective approaches for the management of common late-life mood and cognitive disorders. Continued research on MBTs will inform the development of even more effective/targeted interventions and contribute to greater acceptance and integration of these therapies into geriatric medicine and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey T Laird
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pattharee Paholpak
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Michael Roman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Berna Rahi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Late-life Mood, Stress, and Wellness Research Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Thompson IA, Wolf CP, Mott E, Baggs AS, Thompson ES, Callueng C, Puig A. Luna Yoga: A Wellness Program for Female Counselors and Counselors-in-Training to Foster Self-Awareness and Connection. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2017.1348918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Puig
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Brown SM, Peters R, Lawrence AB. Up-regulation of IGF-1 in the frontal cortex of piglets exposed to an environmentally enriched arena. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:285-292. [PMID: 28238777 PMCID: PMC5358774 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is widely used in the life sciences to study effects of environment on the brain. In pigs, despite lack of EE being a key welfare issue there is little understanding of brain effects of EE in pigs. This project aimed to study the effects of exposure to an EE arena on piglet behaviours and on brain gene expression levels with a focus on IGF-1 and related genes. Eight litters of large white×landrace×Hampshire piglets were farrowed and raised in a free farrowing system (PigSAFE). At 42days of age, 6pigletsperlitter were given access to an enriched arena with plentiful peat, straw and space, (in groups of 4 made up of stable pairs) for 15min per day on 5 consecutive days to allow them to habituate to the apparatus. Piglet behaviours were recorded in the arena for 15min periods on 3 consecutive days. On the final day only one pair of test piglets per litter was given access to the arena. Brain tissue was collected within 45min of the test from piglets exposed to the arena on the day and their non-exposed littermate controls. RNA was extracted from the frontal cortex and QRT-PCR for selected genes run on a Stratgene MX3005P. In both the home pen and the EE arena litters spent the largest proportion of time engaging in foraging behaviour which was significantly increased in the enriched arena (t7=5.35, df=6, p=0.001). There were decreases in non-running play (t7=4.82, p=0.002) and inactivity (t7=4.6, p=0.002) in the arena. A significant fold change increase (FC=1.07, t=4.42, p=0.002) was observed in IGF-1 gene expression in the frontal cortex of piglets exposed to the enriched arena compared to those not exposed on the day of culling. No change in expression was observed in CSF1, the IGF-1 receptor gene nor in any of the binding proteins tested (IGFBP1-6). There was a weak tendency for increased expression of the neurotrophic factor BDNF1 (fold change: 1.03; t7=1.54, p=0.1). We believe this work is the first to explore effects of EE on pig brain physiology and development, and also points to a potential role for IGF-1 in brain effects of EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Brown
- University of Edinburgh, Roslin Institute, Penicuik EH25 9RG, United Kingdom,Corresponding author.
| | - Rebecca Peters
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
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Sanada K, Alda Díez M, Salas Valero M, Pérez-Yus MC, Demarzo MMP, Montero-Marín J, García-Toro M, García-Campayo J. Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on biomarkers in healthy and cancer populations: a systematic review. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:125. [PMID: 28231775 PMCID: PMC5324275 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Only a small number of articles have investigated the relationship between mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and biomarkers. The aim of this systematic review was to study the effect of MBIs on specific biomarkers (cytokines, neuropeptides and C-reactive protein (CRP)) in both healthy subjects and cancer patients. Methods A search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane library between 1980 and September 2016. Results A total of 13 studies with 1110 participants were included. In the healthy population, MBIs had no effect on cytokines, but were found to increase the levels of the neuropeptide insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). With respect to neuropeptide Y, despite the absence of post-intervention differences, MBIs may enhance recovery from stress. With regard to CRP, MBIs could be effective in lower Body Mass Index (BMI) individuals. In cancer patients, MBIs seem to have some effect on cytokine levels, although it was not possible to determine which specific cytokines were affected. One possibility is that MBIs might aid recovery of the immune system, increasing the production of interleukin (IL)-4 and decreasing interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Conclusions MBIs may be involved in changes from a depressive/carcinogenic profile to a more normalized one. However, given the complexity and different contexts of the immune system, and the fact that this investigation is still in its preliminary stage, additional randomized controlled trials are needed to further establish the impact of MBI programmes on biomarkers in both clinical and non-clinical populations.
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Fountain-Zaragoza S, Prakash RS. Mindfulness Training for Healthy Aging: Impact on Attention, Well-Being, and Inflammation. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:11. [PMID: 28217093 PMCID: PMC5289973 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in mindfulness interventions for use in aging samples has been met with promising evidence of cognitive, emotional, and physiological benefits. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the impact of mindfulness training on three areas of functioning in older adults: behavioral and neural correlates of attentional performance, psychological well-being, and systemic inflammation. We have previously proposed that mindfulness training is uniquely suited as a rehabilitative tool for conferring both cognitive and emotional benefits for older adults. Specifically, mindfulness training's promotion of focused attention may mitigate the decline of attentional control abilities across late development and allow older adults to capitalize on their preserved emotion regulation abilities. Existing evidence points to some improvements in facets of attentional control in older adults, although some studies have shown no benefits in performance. Further, there is evidence of enhancements in both psychological and physical aspects of well-being, and accompanying improvements in systemic inflammation, following mindfulness training. The scientific investigation of mindfulness training is still relatively nascent, with only a limited number of studies, particularly randomized controlled trials utilizing active comparison conditions. It will be important for future research to incorporate placebo-controlled comparison groups to clearly establish the causal role of mindfulness practices in promoting holistic health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruchika Shaurya Prakash
- Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
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Smoski MJ, McClintock A, Keeling L. Mindfulness Training for Emotional and Cognitive Health in Late Life. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rawlett K, Scrandis D. Mindfulness Based Programs Implemented with At-Risk Adolescents. Open Nurs J 2016; 10:90-8. [PMID: 27347259 PMCID: PMC4895061 DOI: 10.2174/187443460160101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review examines studies on mindfulness based programs used with adolescents at-risk for poor future outcomes such as not graduating from high school and living in poverty. METHOD The keywords used include mindfulness, at-risk and adolescents in each database to search CINAHL (10 items: 2 book reviews, 3 Dissertations, and 5 research articles), Medline EBSCO (15 research articles), and PubMed (10 research articles). Only primary research articles published between 2009- 2015 in English on mindfulness and at-risk adolescents were included for the most current evidence. RESULTS Few studies (n= 11) were found that investigate mindfulness in at-risk adolescents. These studies used various mindfulness programs (n = 7) making it difficult to generalize findings for practice. Only three studies were randomized control trials focusing mostly on male students with low socioeconomic status and existing mental health diagnoses. CONCLUSION There is a relationship between health behaviors and academic achievement. Future research studies on mindfulness based interventions need to expand to its effects on academic achievement in those youth at-risk to decrease problematic behaviors and improve their ability to be successful adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Rawlett
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Geiger PJ, Boggero IA, Brake CA, Caldera CA, Combs HL, Peters JR, Baer RA. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Older Adults: A Review of the Effects on Physical and Emotional Well-being. Mindfulness (N Y) 2016; 7:296-307. [PMID: 27200109 PMCID: PMC4868399 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-015-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review examined the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on the physical and emotional wellbeing of older adults, a rapidly growing segment of the general population. Search procedures yielded 15 treatment outcome studies meeting inclusion criteria. Support was found for the feasibility and acceptability of mindfulness-based interventions with older adults. Physical and emotional wellbeing outcome variables offered mixed support for the use of mindfulness-based interventions with older adults. Potential explanations of mixed findings may include methodological flaws, study limitations, and inconsistent modifications of protocols. These are discussed in detail and future avenues of research are discussed, emphasizing the need to incorporate geriatric populations into future mindfulness-based empirical research.
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Deng W, Cheung ST, Tsao SW, Wang XM, Tiwari AFY. Telomerase activity and its association with psychological stress, mental disorders, lifestyle factors and interventions: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 64:150-63. [PMID: 26677763 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise and discuss the association between telomerase activity and psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors. METHOD A systematic review was carried out to identify prospective or retrospective studies and interventions published up to June 2015 that reported associations between telomerase activity and psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors. Electronic data bases of PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched. RESULTS Twenty six studies on humans measured telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or leukocytes and examined its association with psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors. Of those studies, three reported significantly decreased telomerase activity in individuals under chronic psychological stress. Interestingly, one of the three studies found that acute laboratory psychological stress significantly increased telomerase activity. Nine studies reported mixed results on association between mental disorders and telomerase activity. Of the nine studies, five reported that major depressive disorder (MDD) was associated with significantly increased telomerase activity. In thirteen out of fourteen studies on lifestyle factors, it was reported that physical exercise, diet micronutrient supplementation, mindfulness meditation, Qigong practice or yoga mediation resulted in increase in telomerase activity. In addition, two studies on animal models showed that depression-like behaviour was associated with decreased hippocampus telomerase activity. Five animal studies showed that physical exercise increased telomerase activity by cell-type-specific and genotype-specific manners. CONCLUSION Although multi-facet results were reported on the association between telomerase activity and psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors, there were some consistent findings in humans such as (1) decreased telomerase activity in individuals under chronic stress, (2) increased telomerase activity in individuals with MDD, and (3) increased telomerase activity in individuals under lifestyle interventions. Animal studies showed that physical exercise increased telomerase activity in specific cell-types. However, the exact mechanisms for the changes in telomerase activity have not been elucidated. We propose conglomerate models connecting chronic psychological stress, depression, mediation and physical exercise to telomerase activation. Several areas for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Deng
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S T Cheung
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S W Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X M Wang
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A F Y Tiwari
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Crowe M, Jordan J, Burrell B, Jones V, Gillon D, Harris S. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for long-term physical conditions: A systematic review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2016; 50:21-32. [PMID: 26419491 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415607984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify whether mindfulness-based stress reduction is effective in improving physical health outcomes for long-term physical conditions. METHOD A systematic review of the literature (retrieved from MEDLINE, PubMed and PsycINFO). RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in the review. None of the studies assessed as having a low risk of bias demonstrated significant improvements in physical health status although there was some emerging evidence that mindfulness-based stress reduction may be useful in pain conditions. There was some preliminary evidence that it may also be effective in improving primary insomnia and irritable bowel syndrome. Small to moderate effect sizes were also found for asthma, pain, tinnitus, fibromyalgia and somatization disorders. CONCLUSION Although there is some preliminary support for the use of mindfulness-based stress reduction in physical health conditions, further research is required before it could be considered an effective intervention for improving physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Crowe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand Centre for Postgraduate Nursing, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand Centre for Postgraduate Nursing, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Beverley Burrell
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Virginia Jones
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Gillon
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Shirley Harris
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are at a pivotal point in their future development. Spurred on by an ever-increasing number of studies and breadth of clinical application, the value of such approaches may appear self-evident. We contend, however, that the public health impact of MBIs can be enhanced significantly by situating this work in a broader framework of clinical psychological science. Utilizing the National Institutes of Health stage model (Onken, Carroll, Shoham, Cuthbert, & Riddle, 2014), we map the evidence base for mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction as exemplars of MBIs. From this perspective, we suggest that important gaps in the current evidence base become apparent and, furthermore, that generating more of the same types of studies without addressing such gaps will limit the relevance and reach of these interventions. We offer a set of 7 recommendations that promote an integrated approach to core research questions, enhanced methodological quality of individual studies, and increased logical links among stages of clinical translation in order to increase the potential of MBIs to impact positively the mental health needs of individuals and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Dimidjian
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Zindel V Segal
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough
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Yang Y, Liu YH, Zhang HF, Liu JY. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapies on people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Swaminathan A, Lucas RM, Dear K, McMichael AJ. Keyhole limpet haemocyanin - a model antigen for human immunotoxicological studies. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 78:1135-42. [PMID: 24833186 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization with a T-cell dependent antigen has been promoted as a reliable and sensitive tool for assessing the influence of putative immunotoxic exposures or agents on immune function. Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) is a very large, copper-containing protein molecule derived from the haemolymph of the inedible mollusc, Megathura crenulata. KLH is a highly immunogenic T-cell dependent antigen that is used increasingly in immunotoxicological studies, particularly in those involving animals. This report systematically reviews the human clinical studies that have used trans-cutaneous KLH immunization for assessment of the influence of various physiological and disease states and exposures on immune function over the last 20 years (1994-2013). These studies varied in their immunization protocols, formulation of KLH, dose, site and route of administration and immunoassay platforms developed to assess KLH-specific responses. KLH immunization has been well tolerated with only mild to moderate adverse effects reported. Though very promising as a model antigen candidate in immunotoxicology research, more work on standardizing immunization and immunoassay protocols is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Swaminathan
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Infectious Diseases and General Medicine Units, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
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Leung L, Han H, Martin M, Kotecha J. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) as sole intervention for non-somatisation chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP): protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007650. [PMID: 25986638 PMCID: PMC4442214 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) affects up to 50% of the world's population. It impacts negatively on quality of life; entailing high costs on our medical systems, and translates to economic burden due to work loss. Aetiology of CNCP is complex and multifactorial, embracing the somatosensory, cognitive and affective domains. Opioid analgesia and other invasive interventions are often inadequate for clinical management of CNCP. Recently, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has become a popular therapy for various medical conditions, including CNCP. However, studies reported varying efficacies, and relevant systematic reviews have included clinical trials with inherent heterogeneity either in study conditions or types of interventions used. Our study aims to provide an updated and more critical evaluation of the efficacy of MBSR as the intervention for non-somatisation CNCP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials published in English will be performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Cochrane Collaboration format. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Intervention, will be searched independently by reviewers using defined MeSH terms. Studies with full texts using MBSR as the main intervention on patients with non-somatising CNCP will be included. Outcome measures include pain scores and disability assessment scales. Continuous data will be meta-analysed using the RevMan 5 Review Manager programme. Primary analysis will adopt the random effects model in view of heterogeneity between trials. The standardised mean difference will be expressed as the effect size with 95% CIs. Forest plots, funnel plots, the I(2) statistic and the Cochrane Risks of Bias Assessment table will be included. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethics approval is deemed necessary. Results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and scientific meetings. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42014015568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Leung
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre of Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Han Han
- Centre of Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Martin
- Centre of Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jyoti Kotecha
- Centre of Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Sorrell JM. Meditation for Older Adults: A New Look at an Ancient Intervention for Mental Health. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2015; 53:15-9. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20150330-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jha AP, Morrison AB, Dainer-Best J, Parker S, Rostrup N, Stanley EA. Minds "at attention": mindfulness training curbs attentional lapses in military cohorts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116889. [PMID: 25671579 PMCID: PMC4324839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of mindfulness training (MT) on attentional performance lapses associated with task-unrelated thought (i.e., mind wandering). Periods of persistent and intensive demands may compromise attention and increase off-task thinking. Here, we investigated if MT may mitigate these deleterious effects and promote cognitive resilience in military cohorts enduring a high-demand interval of predeployment training. To better understand which aspects of MT programs are most beneficial, three military cohorts were examined. Two of the three groups were provided MT. One group received an 8-hour, 8-week variant of Mindfulness-based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT) emphasizing engagement in training exercises (training-focused MT, n = 40), a second group received a didactic-focused variant emphasizing content regarding stress and resilience (didactic-focused MT, n = 40), and the third group served as a no-training control (NTC, n = 24). Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) performance was indexed in all military groups and a no-training civilian group (CIV, n = 45) before (T1) and after (T2) the MT course period. Attentional performance (measured by A’, a sensitivity index) was lower in NTC vs. CIV at T2, suggesting that performance suffers after enduring a high-demand predeployment interval relative to a similar time period of civilian life. Yet, there were significantly fewer performance lapses in the military cohorts receiving MT relative to NTC, with training-focused MT outperforming didactic-focused MT at T2. From T1 to T2, A’ degraded in NTC and didactic-focused MT but remained stable in training-focused MT and CIV. In sum, while protracted periods of high-demand military training may increase attentional performance lapses, practice-focused MT programs akin to training-focused MT may bolster attentional performance more than didactic-focused programs. As such, training-focused MT programs should be further examined in cohorts experiencing protracted high-demand intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amishi P. Jha
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandra B. Morrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Justin Dainer-Best
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nina Rostrup
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Stanley
- Walsh School of Foreign Service and Department of Government, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Mind Fitness Training Institute, Alexandria, Virginia, United States of America
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Lenze EJ, Hickman S, Hershey T, Wendleton L, Ly K, Dixon D, Doré P, Wetherell JL. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for older adults with worry symptoms and co-occurring cognitive dysfunction. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:991-1000. [PMID: 24677282 PMCID: PMC4136987 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has the potential to reduce worry and improve cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVES In this treatment development project, we examined MBSR in older adults with worry symptoms and co-occurring cognitive dysfunction. We examined (i) acceptability of MBSR, (ii) whether MBSR needs to be lengthened providing more repetition, (iii) MBSR's benefits for worry reduction and cognitive improvements, and (iv) continued use of MBSR techniques during follow-up. METHODS Two sites (St. Louis and San Diego) enrolled individuals aged 65 years or older with significant anxiety-related distress plus subjective cognitive dysfunction, into traditional 8-session MBSR groups and 12-session groups that had the same content but more repetition of topics and techniques. We examined measures of mindfulness, worry, and a neuropsychological battery focused on memory and executive function before and after the MBSR program, and we followed up participants for 6 months after the completion of MBSR regarding their continued use of its techniques. RESULTS Participants (N = 34) showed improvements in worry severity, increases in mindfulness, and improvements in memory as measured by paragraph learning and recall after a delay, all with a large effect size. Most participants continued to use MBSR techniques for 6 months post-instruction and found them helpful in stressful situations. There was no evidence that the extended 12-week MBSR produced superior cognitive or clinical outcomes, greater satisfaction, or greater continuation of MBSR techniques than 8-week MBSR. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings are promising for the further testing and use of MBSR in older adults suffering from clinical worry symptoms and co-occurring cognitive dysfunction. These are common problems in a broad range of older adults, many of whom have anxiety and mood disorders; therefore, stress reduction intervention for them may have great public health value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Khanh Ly
- University of California San Diego
| | | | - Peter Doré
- Washington University School of Medicine
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Eyre HA, Baune BT. Assessing for unique immunomodulatory and neuroplastic profiles of physical activity subtypes: a focus on psychiatric disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 39:42-55. [PMID: 24269526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is emerging as a safe and effective tool in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders. PA subtypes include aerobic, resistance, flexibility, neuromotor (involving balance, agility and co-ordination), mind-body (e.g. tai chi, qi gong and yoga) and mixed type trainings. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that PA subtypes can have positive clinical effects, however the effects on the symptomatology may vary according to the PA subtype. It therefore stands to reason that various PA subtypes may modulate the immune system and neuroplastic processes differently. This systematic review aims to assess the immunomodulatory and neuroplastic profiles of various PA subtypes, particularly in unipolar depression and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). The literature suggests several unique immunomodulatory and neuroplastic profiles for PA subtypes (i.e. resistance, aerobic and mind-body) in depression and ARCD. In depression, levels of various cytokines at baseline may predict treatment response to subtypes of PA and pharmacological agents. The pro-neuroplastic effects of resistance and aerobic PA in ARCD may differ due to variances in neurotrophin profiles. At this stage of literature in the field, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions on the specific immunomodulatory and neuroplastic pathways involved in these PA subtypes given of the small number of comparative studies and methodological heterogeneity between studies (e.g. study population age and illness severity, as well as duration and intensity of PA intervention). This important field requires well-designed, high-quality comparative studies to better describe unique immunomodulatory and neuroplastic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris A Eyre
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Larouche E, Hudon C, Goulet S. Potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an interdisciplinary perspective. Behav Brain Res 2014; 276:199-212. [PMID: 24893317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present article is based on the premise that the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) from its prodromal phase (mild cognitive impairment; MCI) is higher when adverse factors (e.g., stress, depression, and metabolic syndrome) are present and accumulate. Such factors augment the likelihood of hippocampal damage central in MCI/AD aetiology, as well as compensatory mechanisms failure triggering a switch toward neurodegeneration. Because of the devastating consequences of AD, there is a need for early interventions that can delay, perhaps prevent, the transition from MCI to AD. We hypothesize that mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) show promise with regard to this goal. The present review discusses the associations between modifiable adverse factors and MCI/AD decline, MBI's impacts on adverse factors, and the mechanisms that could underlie the benefits of MBI. A schematic model is proposed to illustrate the course of neurodegeneration specific to MCI/AD, as well as the possible preventive mechanisms of MBI. Whereas regulation of glucocorticosteroids, inflammation, and serotonin could mediate MBI's effects on stress and depression, resolution of the metabolic syndrome might happen through a reduction of inflammation and white matter hyperintensities, and normalization of insulin and oxidation. The literature reviewed in this paper suggests that the main reach of MBI over MCI/AD development involves the management of stress, depressive symptoms, and inflammation. Future research must focus on achieving deeper understanding of MBI's mechanisms of action in the context of MCI and AD. This necessitates bridging the gap between neuroscientific subfields and a cross-domain integration between basic and clinical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Larouche
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), 2601, de la Canardière (F-2400), Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3
| | - Carol Hudon
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), 2601, de la Canardière (F-2400), Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3
| | - Sonia Goulet
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), 2601, de la Canardière (F-2400), Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3.
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Niles H, Mehta DH, Corrigan AA, Bhasin MK, Denninger JW. Functional genomics in the study of mind-body therapies. Ochsner J 2014; 14:681-95. [PMID: 25598735 PMCID: PMC4295747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind-body therapies (MBTs) are used throughout the world in treatment, disease prevention, and health promotion. However, the mechanisms by which MBTs exert their positive effects are not well understood. Investigations into MBTs using functional genomics have revolutionized the understanding of MBT mechanisms and their effects on human physiology. METHODS We searched the literature for the effects of MBTs on functional genomics determinants using MEDLINE, supplemented by a manual search of additional journals and a reference list review. RESULTS We reviewed 15 trials that measured global or targeted transcriptomic, epigenomic, or proteomic changes in peripheral blood. Sample sizes ranged from small pilot studies (n=2) to large trials (n=500). While the reliability of individual genes from trial to trial was often inconsistent, genes related to inflammatory response, particularly those involved in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, were consistently downregulated across most studies. CONCLUSION In general, existing trials focusing on gene expression changes brought about by MBTs have revealed intriguing connections to the immune system through the NF-κB cascade, to telomere maintenance, and to apoptotic regulation. However, these findings are limited to a small number of trials and relatively small sample sizes. More rigorous randomized controlled trials of healthy subjects and specific disease states are warranted. Future research should investigate functional genomics areas both upstream and downstream of MBT-related gene expression changes-from epigenomics to proteomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halsey Niles
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Darshan H. Mehta
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra A. Corrigan
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Manoj K. Bhasin
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Genomics and Proteomics Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - John W. Denninger
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Gallegos AM, Hoerger M, Talbot NL, Moynihan JA, Duberstein PR. Emotional benefits of mindfulness-based stress reduction in older adults: the moderating roles of age and depressive symptom severity. Aging Ment Health 2013; 17:823-9. [PMID: 23697871 PMCID: PMC3755021 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2013.799118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of age and depressive symptom severity on changes in positive affect among older adults randomly assigned to a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program or a Waitlist Control group. Drawing from the Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development, we hypothesized that lower levels of depressive symptom severity and older age would be associated with greater positive affect in response to the MBSR intervention. METHODS Data were collected from a sample of community-dwelling English-speaking adults (n = 200) aged ≥ 65, randomly assigned to an eight-week MBSR program or a Waitlist Control group. Our main outcome variable was a five-item measure of positive affect, which was measured at study entry as well as eight weeks and six months later. RESULTS At the six-month follow-up, we observed group by baseline depressive symptom severity (β = -.17, p = .02) and group by baseline depressive symptom severity by age (β = -.14, p = .05) interactions. Among MBSR participants, greater baseline depressive symptom severity was also associated with less improvement in positive affect at the six-month follow-up (β = -.30, p = .003). Findings were qualified by a significant depressive symptom severity by age interaction (β = -.25, p = .01), such that MBSR participants who were 70 and over with lower baseline depressive symptom severity having the greatest improvement in positive affect at the six-month follow-up. CONCLUSION MBSR improves positive affect for older adults with lower depressive symptom severity, perhaps because it capitalizes on naturalistic changes in control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn M. Gallegos
- Center for Mind-Body Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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Corresponding author. Address: 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642. Phone: (585) 393-8058. .
| | - Michael Hoerger
- Center for Mind-Body Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Nancy L. Talbot
- Center for Mind-Body Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Jan A. Moynihan
- Center for Mind-Body Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Paul R. Duberstein
- Center for Mind-Body Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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AREFNASAB Z, GHANEI M, NOORBALA AA, ALIPOUR A, BABAMAHMOODI F, BABAMAHMOODI A, SALEHI M. Effect of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction on Quality of Life (SF-36) and Spirometry Parameters, in Chemically Pulmonary Injured Veterans. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 42:1026-33. [PMID: 26060664 PMCID: PMC4453882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has positive effect on physical and psychological dimensions of chronic illnesses. In this study for the first time we examine the effect of this new technique on quality of life and pulmonary function in chemically pulmonary injured veterans who have chronic pulmonary problem, psychological problems and low quality of life. METHODS Forty male pulmonary injured veterans were randomly replaced in two groups with 20 participants (MBSR and control Wait List (WL)). Then MBSR group received 8-weekly sessions intervention. We evaluate quality of life (used SF-36 questionnaire) and Spirometry parameters two times; before and after intervention in two group. We used "mixed factorial analyses of variance" test for analyzing data in each dependent variables. Then if we have significant interactional effect, we used -paired- sample t-test" for comparing before and after intervention data of each group, and "Independent-Sample t-test" for comparing after intervention data of two groups. RESULTS The MBSR compare to WL group improved SF-36 total score, (F (1, 38) =12.09, P=0.001), "Role limitations due to physical problems"(F(1,38)= 6.92, P=0.01), "Role limitations due to emotional problems"(F(1,38)= 7.75, P=0.008), "Social functioning"(F(1,38)= 9.89, P=0.003), "Mental health"(F(1,38)= 15.93, P=0), "Vitality"(F(1,38)= 40.03, P≤0.001), and "Pain"(F(1,38)= 27.60, P≤0.001). MBSR had no significant effect on "FEV1" (F (1, 38) = 0.03, P=0.85),"FVC" (F (1, 38) = 0.16, P=0.69) and "FEV1/FVC" (F (1, 38) = 2.21, P=0.14). CONCLUSION MBSR can improve individual's quality of life but not lung function in chemically pulmonary injured veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra AREFNASAB
- 1. Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,2. Dept. of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa GHANEI
- 1. Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali NOORBALA
- 3. Dept. of Psychology, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad ALIPOUR
- 2. Dept. of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang BABAMAHMOODI
- 4. Anti-microbial Drug Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,* Corresponding Author: Tel: +982144846227
| | - Abdolreza BABAMAHMOODI
- 5. Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam SALEHI
- 1. Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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