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R R, K U. Ayurveda in the integrative management of bovine secondary recumbency-a case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100962. [PMID: 39121784 PMCID: PMC11365434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Downer cow syndrome, or secondary recumbency, is a condition primarily affecting dairy cows, where the animal is unable to rise and stand, due to unknown cause. It is usually associated with poor prognosis. Terminal downers are euthanized in most countries. A four-year old Kasarkode dwarf-cow, post-calving was brought up laterally recumbent with heavy nasal discharge, labored breathing, loss of appetite and signs of dehydration on 6th day of its recumbency. Before this, the patient was diagnosed with milk fever and standard treatment with calcium borogluconate was administered intravenously. The animal was left to succumb under unprotected conditions, due to various constraints on euthanasia. After adopting the cow, Nasya was started immediately to avoid death due to sepsis and shock. The animal was drenched with Ayurvedic fluids containing deepana-pacana herbs. Sternal recumbency, warm and moistened muzzle was observed on the fourth day of commencing ayurvedic treatment. Respiratory distress was minimal. Drastic prognostic shift from "no hope" to "good" was possible within 6 days thanks to Nasya, and the animal was stable. Thereafter, integrative care comprising of antibiotics, rehydrating IV fluids, and supplementations, along with ayurvedic medicines was initiated. Ruminal-fluid obtained from slaughterhouse was used for ruminal-flora replacement. Rumination on 14th day, cow on its feet by 19th day and complete healing of decubital ulcers by approximately 40 days was recorded. A downed cow which did not respond to standard veterinary care was managed with Ayurveda-integrated veterinary care. Ayurveda herbs like bamboo leaves (Bambusa vulgaris), green chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) that cattle prefer eating during certain illness, turn out to be useful for Ayurvedic management. Hence, Ayurveda veterinary medicine might be, a good choice for integrative management of terminal downers, preventing early death in downed dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma R
- P. G Scholar, Department of Shalakya, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Kollam, Kerala, India.
| | - Unnikrishnan K
- Veterinary Officer (Retd), Kerala. Managing Director, Apollo Multi-specialty Animal Hospital, Changanacherry, Kerala, India
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2
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Newton HB. Indian Ayurvedic medicine: Overview and application to brain cancer. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:101013. [PMID: 39181067 PMCID: PMC11385779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ayurveda is the traditional medicine system of India, and has been in practice for millennia. It is a traditional approach that uses 1000's of different plant preparations in various combinations for treatment of human ailments, including cancer. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical analyses are now elucidating the bioactive constituents of the different plant species and herbal formulations, including ashwagandha, curcumin, guduchi, triphala, and others. To provide an overview of: 1) the ethnopharmacology of Ayurveda and several of its most important plant species and formulations, including pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of its anti-cancer effects; 2) review the literature applying Ayurvedic herbs and formulations to brain tumors. A detailed PubMed search was performed that included publications involving Ayurveda, cancer, ethnopharmacology, phytochemical analysis, molecular analysis, and brain tumors. In recent decades, significant research has begun to elucidate the bioactive compounds of ashwagandha, tumeric, guduchi, and triphala, such as withaferin A, withanolides, curcumin, palmatine, and many others. These compounds and extracts are now being applied to brain tumor cells in vitro and in animal models, with positive signs of anti-cancer activity including reduced cell growth, increased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, increased differentiation, and inhibition of important internal signal transduction pathways. Several Ayurvedic herbs (ashwagandha, curcumin) have bioactive compounds with significant anti-cancer activity, and are effective in early pre-clinical testing against brain tumor cells in vitro and in animal models. Further pre-clinical testing is warranted, along with advancement into phase I and phase II clinical trials of patients with glioblastoma and other brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert B Newton
- Neuro-Oncology Center and Brain Tumor Institute, University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Molecular Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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3
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Tiwari AV, Dangore-Khasbage S. The Efficacy of Triphala in the Management of Minor Aphthous Ulcers: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e65404. [PMID: 39184668 PMCID: PMC11344878 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aphthous ulcers, also known as canker sores, are the most frequently encountered lesions in the oral cavity by clinicians and particularly by dentists. It might affect populations of all age groups, although common in the younger age group. Though multifactorial causes are known to be associated with the occurrence of aphthae, the most common etiologies are stress, inadequate sleep, and improper digestion. They can appear on the oral mucosa, palate, gingiva, labial mucosa, and tongue. They can be very uncomfortable during mastication, speech, and deglutition. Generally, the management relies on identifying the cause and prescribing medications such as the local application of anesthetic, steroid ointments specifically for refractory cases, and multivitamin tablets to relieve the symptoms. Ayurvedic preparations such as Triphala oral rinse can prove to be really effective in relieving pain and burning sensation and also cause the lesions to subside, although, like other allopathy medications, it is not known to reduce the frequency of episodes. In this article, we present a case of a male patient aged 21 years who came with a complaint of ulcers on the right lateral border of the tongue. He was prescribed Triphala oral rinse and Triphala ingestion for 15 days, and on the follow-up visit, the patient reported the complete resolution of ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha V Tiwari
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Suwarna Dangore-Khasbage
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Divya Bharathi S, Aiswarya S, Sankar AR. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of Triphala mouthwash and Curcumin mouthwash in the treatment of gingivitis - A randomized controlled study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:407-414. [PMID: 38832298 PMCID: PMC11144734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies on Triphala and Curcumin mouthwashes were analyzed individually and no study has compared the efficacy of Triphala mouthwash to Curcumin mouthwash in the management of gingivitis. Although various mouthwashes have shown reduction of plaque and gingivitis the search is still on for an ideal mouthwash with minimum side effects and better patient acceptance. Objectives To access the efficacy of all the mouthwashes in the management of gingivitis. Methods By purposive sampling, 81 patients of both sexes with gingivitis were randomized by lottery method into 3 groups - A, B and C. Group A received scaling and Triphala mouthwash, Group B received scaling and Curcumin mouthwash and Group C underwent scaling and received Chlorhexidine mouthwash. Oral hygiene was assessed using Plaque, Gingival and Bleeding indices at baseline,7th day and 14th day. The inter-group comparisons were analysed using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons using Tukey's Honest significant difference test (α = 0.05) and the intra-group comparisons for the indices across various time periods within each group were analysed using Repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons post hoc test (α = 0.05). The statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results The study has shown that herbal mouthwashes are as effective as chlorhexidine in treating gingivitis although curcumin mouthwash showed a greater potential in reducing gingival inflammation. Conclusion Both Triphala and Curcumin mouthwashes were proven to be equally effective in reducing plaque, gingival and bleeding scores, although curcumin was better in reducing gingival inflammation. Hence herbal mouthwashes such as Triphala and Curcumin with no side effects can be considered as an alternative mouthwash to chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Divya Bharathi
- Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, India
| | - S.P. Aiswarya
- Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, India
| | - Archana R. Sankar
- Department of Periodontology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental college, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, India
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Nimbalkar RG, Pawar AT, Tagalpallewar AA, Baheti AM, Chapadgaonkar S, Nimbalkar MR. Five years of disease-free survival in a case of recurrent, post-op, grade 3, stage 2, Malignant Spindle Cell Melanoma treated with Ayurvedic medicines: A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100976. [PMID: 39029350 PMCID: PMC11315201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant spindle cell melanoma is a rare cancer with a questionable prognosis because of limited published case reports. This article discusses a male patient with a history of Spindle cell melanoma tumor, Rt heel, Grade 3 (Gr 3) Stage 2 (St 2) seen in our OPD treated with supporting herbo-mineral combination of Ayurvedic medicine. Such types of cancers are of concern and can be more troublesome to the patient. The initial chief complaint of the patient was a palpable corn-like growth in the right heel, which was surgically removed at that time. When it recurred after one year, it was investigated thoroughly and it was found malignant, and then operated again. The patient came to us after his second operation. After appropriate analysis based on Ayurvedic and modern parameters, the patient was treated with Ayurved treatment. As there was no other treatment suggested by oncologists, he was on supportive Ayurvedic treatment only. Ayurvedic treatment continued for 2 years afterwards. The treatment module showed complete relief in the symptoms (100%), by the end of treatment. Follow-up PET scans showed further improvement and a complete reversal of residual disease was observed. The last PET scan did not show any evidence of abnormality. To date, there has been no recurrence and the patient has been living completely normally for the last almost 5 years (karnofsky score 90/100). It can be concluded that the addition of Ayurvedic treatment might have helped this patient of malignant spindle cell melanoma for regression of residual disease, prevention of metastasis to date, and a good quality of life. We have observed 5+ years of disease-free survival and near-normal quality of life for this patient, and still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit G Nimbalkar
- Ayurved Practitioner, Anubandha Health Care, Comprehensive Cancer Care Clinic, Tilak Road, Pune, India
| | - Anil T Pawar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | - Amol A Tagalpallewar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | - Akshay M Baheti
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | - Satish Chapadgaonkar
- Poornayu Ayurved Chikitsalaya Evam Anusandhan Vidyapeeth, Dayoday Tirth, Tilwaraghat, Jabalpur, India
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Lin CH, Shih CC. The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy in a Murine Model of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6686. [PMID: 38928391 PMCID: PMC11204328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oil-Gan is the fruit of the genus Phyllanthus emblica L. The fruits have excellent effects on health care and development values. There are many methods for the management of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, there is a lack of effective drugs for treating DN throughout the disease course. The primary aim of this study was to examine the protective effects (including analyses of urine and blood, and inflammatory cytokine levels) and mechanisms of the ethyl acetate extract of P. emblica (EPE) on db/db mice, an animal model of diabetic nephropathy; the secondary aim was to examine the expression levels of p- protein kinase Cα (PKCα)/t-PKCα in the kidney and its downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibrosis gene transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by Western blot analyses. Eight db/m mice were used as the control group. Forty db/db mice were randomly divided into five groups. Treatments included a vehicle, EPE1, EPE2, EPE3 (at doses of 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg EPE), or the comparative drug aminoguanidine for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of treatment, the administration of EPE to db/db mice effectively controlled hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia by markedly lowering blood glucose, insulin, and glycosylated HbA1c levels. The administration of EPE to db/db mice decreased the levels of BUN and creatinine both in blood and urine and reduced urinary albumin excretion and the albumin creatine ratio (UACR) in urine. Moreover, EPE treatment decreased the blood levels of inflammatory cytokines, including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Our findings showed that EPE not only had antihyperglycemic effects but also improved renal function in db/db mice. A histological examination of the kidney by immunohistochemistry indicated that EPE can improve kidney function by ameliorating glomerular morphological damage following glomerular injury; alleviating proteinuria by upregulating the expression of nephrin, a biomarker of early glomerular damage; and inhibiting glomerular expansion and tubular fibrosis. Moreover, the administration of EPE to db/db mice increased the expression levels of p- PKCα/t-PKCα but decreased the expression levels of VEGF and renal fibrosis biomarkers (TGF-β1, collagen IV, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4), as shown by Western blot analyses. These results implied that EPE as a supplement has a protective effect against renal dysfunction through the amelioration of insulin resistance as well as the suppression of nephritis and fibrosis in a DN model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Fengyuan District, Taichung City 42055, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Ching Shih
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666 Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 406053, Taiwan
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Chittasupho C, Umsumarng S, Srisawad K, Arjsri P, Phongpradist R, Samee W, Tingya W, Ampasavate C, Dejkriengkraikul P. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:751. [PMID: 38931873 PMCID: PMC11206841 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant global health threat. The spike glycoprotein S1 of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is known to induce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, contributing to hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Triphala, an ancient Ayurvedic remedy composed of dried fruits from three plant species-Emblica officinalis (Family Euphorbiaceae), Terminalia bellerica (Family Combretaceae), and Terminalia chebula (Family Combretaceae)-shows promise in addressing inflammation. However, the limited water solubility of its ethanolic extract impedes its bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to develop nanoparticles loaded with Triphala extract, termed "nanotriphala", as a drug delivery system. Additionally, we investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of nanotriphala and its major compounds, namely gallic acid, chebulagic acid, and chebulinic acid, in lung epithelial cells (A549) induced by CoV2-SP. The nanotriphala formulation was prepared using the solvent displacement method. The encapsulation efficiency of Triphala in nanotriphala was determined to be 87.96 ± 2.60% based on total phenolic content. In terms of in vitro release, nanotriphala exhibited a biphasic release profile with zero-order kinetics over 0-8 h. A549 cells were treated with nanotriphala or its active compounds and then induced with 100 ng/mL of spike S1 subunit (CoV2-SP). The results demonstrate that chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid are the active compounds in nanotriphala, which significantly reduced cytokine release (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18) and suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and NLRP3) (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, nanotriphala and its active compounds notably attenuated the expression of inflammasome machinery proteins (NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the nanoparticle formulation of Triphala enhances its stability and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties against CoV2-SP-induction. This was achieved by suppressing inflammatory mediators and the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery. Thus, nanotriphala holds promise as a supportive preventive anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19-related chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (R.P.); (W.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Sonthaya Umsumarng
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Srisawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (P.A.)
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Punnida Arjsri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Rungsinee Phongpradist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (R.P.); (W.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Weerasak Samee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Wipawan Tingya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (R.P.); (W.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Chadarat Ampasavate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (R.P.); (W.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (P.A.)
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Sadhupati DP, Lakshmisudha R, Chakravarthy KNK, Naidana PS. A standardized combination of Terminalia chebula and Withania somnifera extracts enhances immune function in adults: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10297. [PMID: 38863743 PMCID: PMC11165258 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of botanical medicine has been demonstrated as a potential strategy to manage or treat a variety of health issues. Terminalia chebula (Retz) fruit and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal roots are important medicinal herbs described in Ayurveda and traditional therapy for diverse health benefits. Objective This pilot study aimed to evaluate the immune function-enhancing potential of a unique blend of T. chebula fruit and W. somnifera root extracts, LN20189, in healthy men and women. Methods Forty healthy volunteers (age: 35-60 years) were randomized into two groups receiving either LN20189 (500 mg per day) or a matched placebo over 28 consecutive days. The total T-cell population was the primary efficacy measure in this study. The secondary efficacy measures included counts of CD4, CD8, natural killer (NK) cells, serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), total immunoglobulin-G (IgG), and Immune Function Questionnaire (IFQ) scores. Safety parameter assessments were also conducted. Results Post-trial, in LN20189-supplemented subjects, T cells, CD4, NK cells count, and the CD4:CD8 ratio were increased by 9.32, 10.10, 19.91, and 17.43%, respectively, as compared to baseline. LN20189 supplementation increased serum IFN-γ and IgG levels by 14.57 and 27.09% from baseline and by 13.98 and 21.99%, compared to placebo, respectively. Also, the IFQ scores in the LN20189 group were 84.68% (vs. baseline) and 69.44% (vs. placebo) lower at the end of the trial. LN20189 improved the study volunteers' cellular and humoral immune functions. Conclusion In summary, LN20189 supplementation was found tolerable and improved the key cellular and humoral factors of the immune system and helped improve immune function of the trial volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Partha Sarathy Naidana
- Department of Community Medicine, ASR Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Tzimas K, Antoniadou M, Varzakas T, Voidarou C(C. Plant-Derived Compounds: A Promising Tool for Dental Caries Prevention. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5257-5290. [PMID: 38920987 PMCID: PMC11201632 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing shift from the use of conventional pharmaceutical oral care products to the use of herbal extracts and traditional remedies in dental caries prevention. This is attributed to the potential environmental and health implications of contemporary oral products. This comprehensive review aims at the analysis of plant-derived compounds as preventive modalities in dental caries research. It focuses on data collected from 2019 until recently, trying to emphasize current trends in this topic. The research findings suggest that several plant-derived compounds, either aqueous or ethanolic, exhibit notable antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria related to dental caries, with some extracts demonstrating an efficacy comparable to that of chlorhexidine. Furthermore, in vivo studies using plant-derived compounds incorporated in food derivatives, such as lollipops, have shown promising results by significantly reducing Streptococcus mutans in high-risk caries children. In vitro studies on plant-derived compounds have revealed bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against S. mutans, suggesting their potential use as dental caries preventive agents. Medicinal plants, plant-derived phytochemicals, essential oils, and other food compounds have exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, either by their anti-adhesion activity, the inhibition of extracellular microbial enzymes, or their direct action on microbial species and acid production. However, further research is needed to assess their antimicrobial activity and to evaluate the cytotoxicity and safety profiles of these plant-derived compounds before their widespread clinical use can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tzimas
- Department of Operative Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Antoniadou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
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Xu J, Wang X, Yu H, Chai X, Zhang M, Wu HH, Wang Y. Study on Quality Characteristic of Chebulae Fructus and Its Adulterants and Degradation Pathway of Hydrolyzable Tannins. Molecules 2024; 29:2399. [PMID: 38792262 PMCID: PMC11123712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chebulae Fructus (CF) is known as one of the richest sources of hydrolyzable tannins (HTs). In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector method was established for simultaneous determination of the 12 common phenolcarboxylic and tannic constituents (PTCs). Using this method, quantitative analysis was accomplished in CF and other four adulterants, including Terminaliae Belliricae Fructus, Phyllanthi Fructus, Chebulae Fructus Immaturus, and Canarii Fructus. Based on a quantitative analysis of the focused compounds, discrimination of CF and other four adulterants was successfully accomplished by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Additionally, the total contents of the 12 compounds that we focused on in this study were unveiled as 148.86 mg/g, 96.14 mg/g, and 18.64 mg/g in exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp and seed of CF, respectively, and PTCs were witnessed to be the most abundant in the exocarp of CF. Noticeably, the HTs (chebulagic acid, chebulanin acid, chebulinic acid, and punicalagin) were observed to be ultimately degraded to chebulic acid, gallic acid, and ellagic acid during sunlight-drying of the fresh fruits. As a result, our study indicated that CF and its adulterants could be distinguished by the observed 12 PTCs, which were mainly distributed in the exocarp of the fruits. The HTs were prone to degrade into the three simple phenolcarboxylic acids during drying or processing, allowing us to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the PTCs, with great significance in the improved quality of CF and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Huijuan Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xin Chai
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.X.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (X.C.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Banjan B, Raju R, Keshava Prasad TS, Abhinand CS. Computational identification of potential bioactive compounds from Triphala against alcoholic liver injury by targeting alcohol dehydrogenase. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10879-9. [PMID: 38743308 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury resulting from excessive alcohol consumption is a significant social concern. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays a critical role in the conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde, leading to tissue damage. The management of alcoholic liver injury encompasses nutritional support and, in severe cases liver transplantation, but potential adverse effects exist, and effective medications are currently unavailable. Natural products with their potential benefits and historical use in traditional medicine emerge as promising alternatives. Triphala, a traditional polyherbal formula demonstrates beneficial effects in addressing diverse health concerns, with a notable impact on treating alcoholic liver damage through enhanced liver metabolism. The present study aims to identify potential active phytocompounds in Triphala targeting ADH to prevent alcoholic liver injury. Screening 119 phytocompounds from the Triphala formulation revealed 62 of them showing binding affinity to the active site of the ADH1B protein. Promising lipid-like molecule from Terminalia bellirica, (4aS, 6aR, 6aR, 6bR, 7R, 8aR, 9R, 10R, 11R, 12aR, 14bS)-7, 10, 11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2, 2, 6a, 6b, 9, 12a-hexamethyl-1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6a, 7, 8, 8a, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid showed high binding efficiency to a competitive ADH inhibitor, 4-Methylpyrazole. Pharmacokinetic analysis further confirmed the drug-likeness and non-hepatotoxicity of the top-ranked compound. Molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA studies revealed the stability of the docked complexes with minimal fluctuation and consistency of the hydrogen bonds throughout the simulation. Together, computational investigations suggest that (4aS, 6aR, 6aR, 6bR, 7R, 8aR, 9R, 10R, 11R, 12aR, 14bS)-7, 10, 11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2, 2, 6a, 6b, 9, 12a-hexamethyl-1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6a, 7, 8, 8a, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid from the Triphala formulation holds promise as an ADH inhibitor, suggesting an alternative therapy for alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Banjan
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine (CSBMM), Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Chandran S Abhinand
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine (CSBMM), Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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12
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Soundhararajan R, Srinivasan H. Multidrug-resistant Bacillus species isolated from hospital soil environment is controlled by nanobiotics incorporated nanoformulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118122. [PMID: 38199471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a serious hazard to the environment, it claims a large number of lives every year. Lack of drug options and easy transmission of these organisms remain the biggest threat in treating the relative infections whose causative systems have evolved and become stronger in due course of time. Hospitals serve as one of the largest breeding grounds for harbouring these organisms. This study aims to isolate and characterize multidrug-resistant microorganisms from soil samples collected from hospital waste dumping premises. Polyherbal nanoformulation was synthesized from ethno-medicinal source Triphala (three berries) and characterized using various physico-chemical characterization techniques. The antibacterial efficacy of the polyherbal nanoformulation was evaluated by employing various assays to determine MIC, MBC, and biofilm inhibition potential in isolated strains. Bacterial colonies were isolated and the DNA was sequenced. The isolated organisms were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus pumilus and they were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility by using various antibiotics. It was found that all the microorganisms were multidrug-resistant and possessed resistance to various classes of antibiotics. The various antibacterial assays showed that the polyherbal nanoformulation was highly effective in controlling growth and biofilm formation even at lower concentrations when compared with commercial antibiotics. The novelty of this research work lies in combining the beneficial effects of silver and polyherbal drugs into a single Polyherbal nanoformulation. This is the first novel report to utilize polyherbal nanoformulation to control the multidrug-resistant microorganisms thriving in hospital waste dumping sites. Hence, this nanobiotics incorporated polyherbal nanoformulation can be developed into a commercial product to treat the hospital waste material before dumping it into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjani Soundhararajan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Hemalatha Srinivasan
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.
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13
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Lalremtluangi R, Dangore-Khasbage S, Bhowate RR. Management of Herpes Zoster Infection Using a Combination of Allopathic and Herbal Medication: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e55705. [PMID: 38586663 PMCID: PMC10998666 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) also known as shingles is the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that causes chickenpox. It usually occurs in adults after remaining dormant in the dorsal root ganglia or ganglia of the cranial nerves for several years. It typically manifests as vesicle crops in a dermatomal or "zosteriform" pattern, which shows vesicle, ulcer, and scab distribution that is unilateral, clustered, and linear in a dermatome that is supplied by a single nerve. Patients usually experience prodromal symptoms of deep, severe aching or burning pain. Medicinal treatment frequently includes antiviral drugs to decrease the severity of the lesion and steroidal drugs to reduce symptoms of inflammation. It is also a known fact that steroid has several adverse effects on patients due to which therapeutic drugs with lesser side effects may be given to patients such as herbal medications. This case presentation reports a patient with HZ viral infection who was successfully treated with a meticulous combination of conventional allopathic drugs with ayurvedic medication with a significant positive response to the medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn Lalremtluangi
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Suwarna Dangore-Khasbage
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rahul R Bhowate
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Nikolova D, Trajkovska M, Trpcevska EN, Andreevski V, Stardelova KG, Velic V. Evaluation of the Effects of Gastro Protect as an Alternative Medicine on Gastritis and Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2024; 45:51-60. [PMID: 38575380 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2024-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of herbal medicine as a part of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine is increasing worldwide. Herbal remedies are used to better different conditions including gastritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective randomized control clinical trial on a total sample of 72 patients with gastritis in order to examine the effects of the commercial herbal product Gastro Protect. After 6 weeks of conventional therapy the patients were divided into two groups with 36 patients each. As a continuation of the treatment, Group 1 received conventional therapy + Gastro Protect and Group 2 received conventional therapy + Placebo. We analyzed 14 selected gastrointestinal symptoms, five related to digestive problems, and nine related to stool and bowel problems. For assessing the selected symptoms we used seven point gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). RESULTS The Gastro Protect group had a significantly lower GSRS score (better condition) compared to the Placebo group related to all five selected symptoms of digestive problems as: abdominal pain (p=0.0250), hunger pain (p=0.0276), nausea (p=0.0019), heartburn (p=0.00001), and acid reflux (p=0.0017). The Gastro Protect group, also had a significantly lower GSRS score (better condition) compared to the Placebo group related to three out of nine selected bowel symptoms: rumbling (p=0.0022), abdominal distension (p=0.0029), and gas or flatus (p=0.0039). CONCLUSION Gastro protect was effective in treating gastritis and other gastrointestinal symptoms. It was safe for usage and showed almost no side effects. In our study, Gastro Protect reduced the examined gastric symptoms and related examined intestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafina Nikolova
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Meri Trajkovska
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Emilija Nikolovska Trpcevska
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Andreevski
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Kalina Grivceva Stardelova
- University clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Vesna Velic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, RN Macedonia
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15
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Sherkhane R, Singh S, K T A, Kumar A, Sharma A, Gupta SJ. An integrative approach for management of post-traumatic dorsal foot wounds - A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100905. [PMID: 38574517 PMCID: PMC11002676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Crush injuries to the foot have become increasingly prevalent in contemporary settings, primarily arising from incidents such as the impact of large objects falling onto the foot or involvement in traffic accidents. The complexity of treating these injuries is compounded by the intricate anatomy of the foot. In specific scenarios, the implementation of an integrated management approach could prove advantageous. In this report, we depict the case of a 23-year-old male who visited the Shalya OPD with a wound on his left foot caused by trauma. The wound covered the medial portion of the foot, involving the dorsal area, and measured roughly 20 cm by 9 cm and was unable to walk. We successfully managed the case by adopting an integrative approach. The Ayurvedic treatment included Panchavalkala kashaya for wound irrigation, as well as oral administration of Amalaki rasayana, Triphala guggulu, Shatavari churna and Ashwagandha churna. Jatyadi taila was topically applied. For the first seven days, in addition to these ayurvedic medications, we also employed analgesics and antibiotics to treat infection and pain. To accomplish early closure, we employed a split-thickness skin graft after sufficient granulation tissue had appeared. The wound was completely healed within three months and the patient was able to walk freely without any support. The combined approach yielded a promising result in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sherkhane
- Dept. of Shalya Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Shruti Singh
- Dept. of Shalya Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Aadithyaraj K T
- Dept. of Shalya Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Shalya Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- S S Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shiv Ji Gupta
- Department of Shalya Tantra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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16
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Patil S, Bhat P. Management of Otitis externa with Ayurvedic formulation Gandhak Rasayana- A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100893. [PMID: 38564934 PMCID: PMC10999474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Otitis externa is an inflammatory and infectious disease that affects the external auditory canal. The term otorrhea refers to the outflow of discharge from the ear which is one of the main symptoms of otitis externa along with inflammation. External ear canal pathology or middle ear illness with tympanic membrane perforation is the etiological factor of otorrhea. Otorrhea is an indication of infection. Antimicrobial agents are the conventional treatment of various bacterial and fungal infections, but they have impediments such as resistance development, side effects, patient affordability, etc. The Gandhak Rasayana formulation mentioned in the Ayurvedic text can be a good option for the treatment of various infectious diseases. Karnasrava is a type of ear disease referred to as Vata predominant Tridoshaja disease and it is curable. The term Karnasrava signifies discharge from ear and is self-explanatory. Karnasrava consists of a wide spectrum of diseases and can have a near correlation with otitis externa as per signs and symptoms. Gandhak Rasayana exhibited significant antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity in otitis externa. Evaluating its antibacterial and antifungal activity can provide scientific evidence for the study through the present case report. A 31-year-old male patient registered in OPD at Sane Guruji Hospital, Hadapsar, Pune was clinically diagnosed as Karnasrava (Otitis externa) and pus culture positive for Klebsiella species. We started the treatment with Gandhak Rasayana-an Ayurvedic formulation of 250mg two tablets in the morning and evening with lukewarm water for 21 days. The outcome of the treatment was observed as a reduction in Karnashula (otalgia), Karnasrava (ear discharge), Karnakandu (itching), ear blockage and inflammatory changes. Post-treatment culture was negative for the organism. The improvement was noted in Brighton grading scale from grade III to grade I. Gandhak Rasayana showed significant antibacterial activity in the present case. Evaluating its antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity can provide scientific evidence for the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patil
- Department of Shalakyatantra, Sumatibhai Shah Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Hadapsar, Pune, MS, India
| | - Pravin Bhat
- Department of Shalakyatantra, Sumatibhai Shah Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Hadapsar, Pune, MS, India.
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17
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Jaivarshaa Gv P, Dasar D, Biswas S, Kumar A. An integrative ayurvedic approach in management of breast abscess - A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100890. [PMID: 38387146 PMCID: PMC10897883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A focus has been placed particularly on the description of breast abscesses (sthana vidradhi in Ayurveda terms). Breast inflammation known as mastitis has the potential to develop into a breastabscess in the future. The term "stana roga," refers to breast disorders and describes breast abscesses, is mentioned in the ancient works Sushruta Samhita, Madhava Nidana, and Bhavaprakasha. Breast abscesses are typically treated surgically by making an incision over the area of greatest fluctuation (or pain) and breaking the abscess septa with digits. For a few days, the abscess chamber is left untreated or gauze-packed, with dressing changes made as needed to facilitate wound granulation. The current report was aimed at management of the breast abscess through an integrated approach comprising surgical and medicinal intervetions as mentioned in Ayurveda classics. A 32-year-old female patient with pain and swelling in right breast was diagnosed with breast abscess in Shalya (Surgery) OPD and managed primarily by incision and drainage which was followed by regular dressing and ayurvedic medications which encouraged appreciable granulation in a short period of time with complete healing of the abscess. This case study presents the successful management of breast abscesses with both surgical & Ayurvedic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Jaivarshaa Gv
- Department of Shalyatantra, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital and Research Centre, Salod (H), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, 442001, India.
| | - Devyani Dasar
- Department of Shalyatantra, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital and Research Centre, Salod (H), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, 442001, India; Shalyatantra, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital and Research Centre, Salod (Hi), Wardha, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science, 442001, India
| | - Shubham Biswas
- Department of Shalyatantra, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital and Research Centre, Salod (H), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, 442001, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Shalyatantra, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital and Research Centre, Salod (H), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, 442001, India
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Jiang Y, Zhao L, Ma J, Yang Y, Zhang B, Xu J, Dhondrup R, Wong TW, Zhang D. Preventive mechanisms of Chinese Tibetan medicine Triphala against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155229. [PMID: 38006804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triphala (TLP), as a Chinese Tibetan medicine composing of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica (1.2:1.5:1), exhibited hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and gut microbiota modulatory effects. Nonetheless, its roles in prevention of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the related mechanistic insights involving the interplay of gut microbiota and hepatic inflammation are not known. PURPOSE The present study seeks to determine if TLP would prevent HFD-induced NAFLD in vivo and its underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of gut microbiota, metabolites, and hepatic inflammation. METHODS TLP was subjected to extraction and chemo-profiling, and in vivo evaluation in HFD-fed rats on hepatic lipid and inflammation, intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and permeability, and body weight and fat content profiles. RESULTS The TLP was primarily constituted of gallic acid, corilagin and chebulagic acid. Orally administered HFD-fed rats with TLP were characterized by the growth of Ligilactobacillus and Akkermansia, and SCFAs (acetic/propionic/butyric acid) secretion which led to increased claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 expression that reduced the mucosal permeability to migration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into blood and liver. Coupling with hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride lowering actions, the TLP mitigated both inflammatory (ALT, AST, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and pro-inflammatory (TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB P65) activities of liver, and sequel to histopathological development of NAFLD in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSION TLP is promisingly an effective therapy to prevent NAFLD through modulating gut microbiota, mucosal permeability and SCFAs secretion with liver fat and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Benyin Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | | | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China; College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
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19
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On-Nom N, Thangsiri S, Inthachat W, Temviriyanukul P, Trisonthi P, Chupeerach C, Siriwan D, Suttisansanee U. Phenolic profiles and in vitro biochemical properties of Thai herb ingredients for chronic diseases prevention. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21690. [PMID: 38066118 PMCID: PMC10709644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional remedies using natural ingredients have been handed down over generations, providing collective information for the development of modern therapeutics. These natural products have a long history of safe consumption with curative effects but lack of scientific-based evidence hinders the mass production of new remedies containing active ingredients with particular medicinal properties. This research investigated the phenolic profiles and biochemical properties of 29 herbal ingredients identified in two traditional Thai remedies, Prasachandaeng (PSCD) and Chantaharuethai (CHRT), and their effectiveness in combating chronic diseases. These two traditional remedies are used to reduce fever but some ingredients have been previously reported to possess other health-related properties. Statistical analysis by TOPSIS indicated that Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod. extract exhibited the highest overall closeness coefficient (C) score analyzed from all variables including total phenolic contents, antioxidant potentials, and enzyme inhibitions. Bouea macrophylla Griff. extract showed potential as an effective agent against diabetes through inhibition of two carbohydrate degrading enzymes, α-glucosidase and α-amylase, while Dischidia major (Vahl) Merr. showed strong properties as an anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme, leading to the control of hypertension. Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen effectively controlled the progression of Alzheimer's disease through the inhibition of cholinergic and β-amyloid formation enzymes. These results can be used as preliminary data for the development of new remedies to prevent or treat particular chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattira On-Nom
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Thangsiri
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Piyapat Trisonthi
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chaowanee Chupeerach
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Dalad Siriwan
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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20
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Saniya CK, Rao MV, Patil R, Choudhary S, Singh OP, Dhiman KS. Evaluating Ayurvedic mouthwash and soda-salt mouthwash for oral mucositis in head and neck cancer: A randomized controlled trial. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100829. [PMID: 38029523 PMCID: PMC10698543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemo-radiation (CCRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often suffer from side effects such as mucositis, xerostomia, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and pain, which are being managed symptomatically by alcohol-based mouthwashes. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of Ayurvedic mouthwash "Draksha Guduchyadi Kashaya" in reducing the severity of oral side effects of chemo-radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS This concurrent parallel randomized controlled study was conducted at Sir Sunderlal Hospital, BHU, on 70 HNSCC patients scheduled to undergo RT/CCRT. Patients who met the inclusion-exclusion criteria were enrolled, and 35 were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (Ayurveda) or the control group using a simple random technique (lottery method). Blinding was not implemented in this study. Patients in the intervention group (Ayurveda) were instructed to perform kavala with 50 ml of "Draksha Guduchyadi Kashaya" for 2 min, ten times daily, while the control group performed 2-min gargling with soda-salt mouthwash ten times daily. RESULTS Out of the 70 patients enrolled, data from 60 patients were analyzed, revealing statistically significant differences in the onset of mucositis (p = 0.049), pharyngitis (p = 0.034), laryngitis (p = 0.009) and intensity of variables such as mucositis (p = 0.000), xerostomia (p = 0.046), pharyngitis (p = 0.002), laryngitis (p = 0.035), and pain (p = 0.000). These findings indicate that Ayurvedic mouthwash may be beneficial in managing the oral side effects of chemo-radiation in HNSCC. CONCLUSION This AYUSH financially supported trial (Reg No: CTRI/2020/04/024672) demonstrates promise as a safe and cost-effective alternative for managing oral complications of RT/CCRT, offering complementary treatment for comprehensive cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Saniya
- National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakrma, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
| | - Mangalagowri V Rao
- Department of Swasthavritta, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajkala Patil
- Department of Panchakarma, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Choudhary
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K S Dhiman
- Shri Krishna Ayush University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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21
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Maurya DK, Sharma D. Culinary spices and herbs in managing early and long-COVID-19 complications: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4908-4931. [PMID: 37468320 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Human race is preparing for the upsurge and aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic complicated by novel variants, new waves, variable mortality rate, and post-COVID complications. Despite use of repurposed drugs, symptomatic treatments and licensing of multiple vaccines, the daily number of cases and rate of transmission are significant. Culinary spices and herbs have been historically used in pandemic and non-pandemic times to reduce respiratory viral burden. Specific food items and culinary spices can boost the levels of protective immunity and also offer therapeutic benefits against impervious bugs via well-known as well as less-known but scientifically testable mechanisms. Here, we analyzed the phytochemicals profile of Ayurvedic herbs and inferred from the clinical trials/observational studies to provide a focused and succinct perspective on the relevance of "food-based" traditional decoction to moderate COVID-19 disease and long-COVID via modulation of immunity and reinstatement of homeostasis. We also underscore the druggable targets in pathogenesis of COVID-19 which are relevant to the ongoing clinical trials using spices and herbs. This information will provide a strong scientific rationale for standardization of the traditional herbs-based therapies and adopting the use of herbs, spices, and their formulations for reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, long-COVID symptoms, and COVID-19 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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22
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Siddiqui R, Badran Z, Boghossian A, Alharbi AM, Alfahemi H, Khan NA. The increasing importance of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO856. [PMID: 37621848 PMCID: PMC10445586 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the aim is to discuss the current knowledge of microbiome and periodontal diseases. Current treatment strategies include mechanical therapy such as root planing, scaling, deep pocket debridement and antimicrobial chemotherapy as an adjuvant therapy. Among promising therapeutic strategies, dental probiotics and oral microbiome transplantation have gained attention, and may be used to treat bacterial imbalances by competing with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and adhesion surfaces, as well as probiotics targeting the gut microbiome. Development of strategies to prevent and treat periodontal diseases are warranted as both are highly prevalent and can affect human health. Further studies are necessary to better comprehend the microbiome in order to develop innovative preventative measures as well as efficacious therapies against periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts & Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Zahi Badran
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Preventive & Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anania Boghossian
- College of Arts & Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad M Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Alfahemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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23
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Hedaoo M, Patil-Bhole T, Sharma R, Mahajan M. Exploratory quasi-experimental study of anti-arthritic activity of Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, Abha Guggulu in osteoarthritis patients. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:281-288. [PMID: 36919259 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abha Guggulu (AG) is a traditional Ayurvedic herbal formulation used for treating joint disorders and bone fractures. Individually, the ingredients are known for their promising anti-inflammatory and rejuvenating actions. The present study attempts to explore the anti-arthritic potential of AG through an exploratory clinical trial. METHODS The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental model. The clinical trial has been registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India (registration number: CTRI/2019/09/021354). Osteoarthritis patients of both genders (n=12, 40-70 years age group), meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were recruited in the single arm study. AG was administered in tablet form in a dose of 1.5 g, twice daily. The WOMAC score was used as a primary outcome measure. The WOMAC scale of patients was recorded on 0th, 15th and 30th days of treatment. RESULTS At the end of treatment, there was a significant difference in the scores of the outcome measure. As per WOMAC total score, participants were significantly improved (p=0.002) after consuming the drug for 1 month. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data indicates significant improvement of subjects in both scales and objective measures used for assessment purposes. There were no adverse drug reactions reported during the trial. AG may be used as a safe and effective supplement to reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis. The clinical efficacy of the formulation might be mediated through the synergistic blend of herbal bioactive compounds from AG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trupti Patil-Bhole
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, College of Ayurved, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhavi Mahajan
- Department of Kayachikitsa, College of Ayurved, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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24
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Li G, Yu Q, Li M, Zhang D, Yu J, Yu X, Xia C, Lin J, Han L, Huang H. Phyllanthus emblica fruits: a polyphenol-rich fruit with potential benefits for oral management. Food Funct 2023; 14:7738-7759. [PMID: 37529983 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01671d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn., which mainly grows in tropical and subtropical regions, is well-known for its medicine and food homology properties. It has a distinctive flavor, great nutritional content, and potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunoregulatory effects. According to an increasing amount of scientific and clinical evidence, this fruit shows significant potential for application and development in the field of oral health management. Through the supplementation of vitamins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other nutrients reduce virulence expression of various oral pathogens, prevent tissue and mucosal damage caused by oxidative stress, etc. Phyllanthus emblica fruit can promote saliva secretion, regulate the balance of the oral microecology, prevent and treat oral cancer early, promote alveolar bone remodeling and aid mucosal wound healing. Thus, it plays a specific role in the prevention and treatment of common oral disorders, producing surprising results. For instance, enhancing the effectiveness of scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis, relieving mucosal inflammation caused by radiotherapy for oral cancer, and regulating the blood glucose metabolism to alleviate oral discomfort. Herein, we systematically review the latest research on the use of Phyllanthus emblica fruit in the management of oral health and examine the challenges and future research directions based on its chemical composition and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Mengqi Li
- Pharmacy department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chenxi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China
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25
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Li G, Jiang Y, Zhang D, Han L, Mo T, Fan S, Huang H, Lin J. Phyllanthi Fructus: A modal medicinal and food homologous item in quality evaluation. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:360-368. [PMID: 37538854 PMCID: PMC10394321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthi Fructus is a highly unique medicine and food homologous item, which exhibits distinctive flavor, notable nutritional value, and abundant pharmacological activity. It has enormous potential in the creation of health products and pharmaceuticals. However, due to the unique laws of quality formation and transfer of Phyllanthi Fructus, its appearance, shape, chemical compositions, nutrients, and sensory flavors are frequently greatly influenced by botanical resources, the processing and storage conditions. As a result, the current quality evaluation model is difficult to meet the needs of Phyllanthi Fructus as a medicine and food homologous item in the development of diversified products. This paper constructs the hierarchical utilization mode of Phyllanthi Fructus based on its unique quality formation and transmission laws, explores the quality evaluation model for food-oriented use and medicinal-oriented use, respectively, and systematically describes the quality evaluation idea under diversified application scenarios. This paper aims to serve as a reference for the construction of a quality evaluation model suitable for the medicine and food homologous item of Phyllanthi Fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yurou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Taigang Mo
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
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26
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Gerb J, Brandt T, Huppert D. Historical descriptions of nystagmus and abnormal involuntary eye movements in various ancient cultures. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231191986. [PMID: 37642983 PMCID: PMC10469245 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231191986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Original texts and expert translations from various ancient cultures covering a time span from the 2nd millennium BC to the ninth century AD were searched for historical observations of involuntary eye movements. Abnormal, spontaneous eye movements are an easily recognisable neuro-ophthalmological symptom that can be both congenital and acquired. Ocular oscillations termed 'hippos' by Hippocrates (460-370BC) and Galenos (129-216AD) are synonymous with nystagmus, a term first introduced in the eighteenth century. The original description of hippos suggests an innate onset, which retrospectively can be related to either congenital (infantile) nystagmus or continuous involuntary eye movements of the blind. Other descriptions of abnormal involuntary eye movements with different beating directions, possibly associated with vertigo, seizures or ear symptoms and their impact on patients' quality of life (e.g. oscillopsia, blurred vision) are preserved in many fragmentary ancient documents including papyrus scrolls and stone tablets from Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Greece, Rome and the Middle East. Although the sparse original descriptions of the direction and type of eye movements may inspire daring medical interpretations, caution is required when attempting to assign them to distinct nystagmus forms according to our current clinical classification of ocular motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gerb
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-DSGZ, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brandt
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-DSGZ, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Doreen Huppert
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders-DSGZ, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Sadanandan B, Vijayalakshmi V, Ashrit P, Babu UV, Sharath Kumar LM, Sampath V, Shetty K, Joglekar AP, Awaknavar R. Aqueous spice extracts as alternative antimycotics to control highly drug resistant extensive biofilm forming clinical isolates of Candida albicans. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281035. [PMID: 37315001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans form biofilm by associating with biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation by C. albicans is relevant and significant as the organisms residing within, gain resistance to conventional antimycotics and are therefore difficult to treat. This study targeted the potential of spice-based antimycotics to control C. albicans biofilms. Ten clinical isolates of C. albicans along with a standard culture MTCC-3017 (ATCC-90028) were screened for their biofilm-forming ability. C. albicans M-207 and C. albicans S-470 were identified as high biofilm formers by point inoculation on Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) medium as they formed a lawn within 16 h and exhibited resistance to fluconazole and caspofungin at 25 mcg and 8 mcg respectively. Aqueous and organic spice extracts were screened for their antimycotic activity against C. albicans M-207 and S-470 by agar and disc diffusion and a Zone of Inhibition was observed. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration was determined based on growth absorbance and cell viability measurements. The whole aqueous extract of garlic inhibited biofilms of C. albicans M-207, whereas whole aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry were effective in controlling C. albicans S-470 biofilm within 12 h of incubation. The presence of allicin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid as dominant compounds in the aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry respectively was determined by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The morphology of C. albicans biofilm at different growth periods was also determined through bright field microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The results of this study indicated that the alternate approach in controlling high biofilm-forming, multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans M-207 and S-470 using whole aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry is a safe, potential, and cost-effective one that can benefit the health care needs with additional effective therapeutics to treat biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Priya Ashrit
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Uddagiri Venkanna Babu
- Department of Phytochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vasulingam Sampath
- Department of Phytochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | | | - Rashmi Awaknavar
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Wang W, Ige OO, Ding Y, He M, Long P, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wen X. Insights into the potential benefits of triphala polyphenols toward the promotion of resilience against stress-induced depression and cognitive impairment. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100527. [PMID: 37377497 PMCID: PMC10291000 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to environmental challenges, stress is a common reaction, but dysregulation of the stress response can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and cognitive impairment. Particularly, there is ample evidence that overexposure to mental stress can have lasting detrimental consequences for psychological health, cognitive function, and ultimately well-being. In fact, some individuals are resilient to the same stressor. A major benefit of enhancing stress resilience in at-risk groups is that it may help prevent the onset of stress-induced mental health problems. A potential therapeutic strategy for maintaining a healthy life is to address stress-induced health problems with botanicals or dietary supplements such as polyphenols. Triphala, also known as Zhe Busong decoction in Tibetan, is a well-recognized Ayurvedic polyherbal medicine comprising dried fruits from three different plant species. As a promising food-sourced phytotherapy, triphala polyphenols have been used throughout history to treat a variety of medical conditions, including brain health maintenance. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review is still lacking. Here, the primary objective of this review article is to provide an overview of the classification, safety, and pharmacokinetics of triphala polyphenols, as well as recommendations for the development of triphala polyphenols as a novel therapeutic strategy for promoting resilience in susceptible individuals. Additionally, we summarize recent advances demonstrating that triphala polyphenols are beneficial to cognitive and psychological resilience by regulating 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptors, gut microbiota, and antioxidant-related signaling pathways. Overall, scientific exploration of triphala polyphenols is warranted to understand their therapeutic efficacy. In addition to providing novel insights into the mechanisms of triphala polyphenols for promoting stress resilience, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and systemic bioavailability of triphala polyphenols also need to be improved by the research community. Moreover, well-designed clinical trials are needed to increase the scientific validity of triphala polyphenols' beneficial effects for preventing and treating cognitive impairment and psychological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Olufola Oladoyin Ige
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mengshan He
- The Academy of Chinese Health Risks, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pan Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610021, China
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Mukherjee M, Kalita T, Barua P, Barman A, Thonai S, Mahanta P, Medhi H. Efficacy of Smear Layer Removal of Human Teeth Root Canals Using Herbal and Chemical Irrigants: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e40467. [PMID: 37456503 PMCID: PMC10349660 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Over many years, many intracanal irrigants have removed smear layers during routine root canal therapy. The efficacies of conventional endodontic chemical irrigants are documented, but limited research is available on herbal irrigants' role in the endodontic therapy irrigation protocol. This study aimed to evaluate endodontic irrigants' smear layer removal efficacy, namely, 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), green tea extract, and Triphala extract, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Methods Fifty freshly extracted human permanent maxillary and mandibular single-rooted teeth were collected from the Oral Surgery Department of Regional Dental College (RDC), Guwahati, India. The samples were divided into five groups with 10 teeth each: Group A: sterile distilled water (negative control), Group B: 3% NaOCl, Group C: 17% EDTA, Group D: green tea, and Group E: Triphala (citric acid). Each tooth was then longitudinally split and prepared for SEM inspection under 1000X magnification. The comparison of smear layer removal scores between the groups was done by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test, with the significance level set at p<0.01. Results The comparison of the overall mean smear scores and those at different root portions shows that Group C has the lowest mean score, followed by Group E. The pairwise comparison shows that the difference in the mean smear scores between Group C and the other four groups is statistically significant (p-value<0.05). Moreover, the difference in the overall, coronal, middle, and apical mean smear scores between Group A and Group E was highly significant (p-value<0.001). Conclusions The highest smear layer removal efficacy was observed in the samples treated with 17% EDTA. Moreover, the clearing efficacy of Triphala is significantly better than that of distilled water in smear layer removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tribisha Kalita
- Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Siddhartha Dental Clinic and Implant Centre, Guwahati, IND
| | - Pranamee Barua
- Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, IND
| | - Atrayee Barman
- Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Government Dental College, Dibrugarh, IND
| | - Salouno Thonai
- Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, IND
| | - Putul Mahanta
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Nalbari Medical College and Hospital, Nalbari, IND
| | - Himchumi Medhi
- Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, IND
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30
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Vaprath Kuniyil AR, Soman D, Kundagol MC, Chacko J. Efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment protocol in gouty arthritis - a clinical study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:278-283. [PMID: 33977680 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gout is an inflammatory response to the Monosodium urate crystals formed secondary to hyperuricaemia. The prevalence of gout has increased in recent years. The current conventional medical management aims at symptomatic management. In Ayurveda, gouty arthritis has similarity to Vata-Pittadhika Vatarakta, owing to its comparable aetiology and clinical features and treatment was planned accordingly. The present study is designed to evaluate the combined effect of Ayurvedic formulations and therapy in reducing the signs and symptoms and uric acid level in Gouty Arthritis. METHODS The study was a single group pre-post test design. The patients diagnosed on the basis of ACR EULAR Gout classification 2015 criteria. They were given Guduchi Siddha Ksheeravasthi (Therapeutic enema), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) Kashaya (diluted decoction) and Punarnava Guggulu. Assessment of pain was done by Visual Analogue Scale and serum uric acid level was assessed on day 1 and on 31st day. Also, the change in symptoms were analyzed before and after the treatment. This study has been registered in the clinical trial registry-India. RESULTS The obtained data were evaluated using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. A significant improvement (p=0.0001) was observed in VAS scale (98.77%), serum uric acid levels (57.81%), subjective parameters. Moreover, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was observed to be normal level as compared to baseline of the therapy also with an enhancement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the present study revealed that Ayurvedic therapeutic interventions can play a major role in the management of gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devipriya Soman
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amritapuri, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Mahesh C Kundagol
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amritapuri, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - James Chacko
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amritapuri, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
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Kwandee P, Somnuk S, Wanikorn B, Nakphaichit M, Tunsagool P. Efficacy of Triphala extracts on the changes of obese fecal microbiome and metabolome in the human gut model. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:207-217. [PMID: 36970454 PMCID: PMC10037071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Triphala is a mixture of tree fruits obtained from Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, and Phyllanthus emblica. It is one of the Ayurveda medicinal recipes used to treat health diseases such as obesity. The chemical composition analysis of Triphala extracts obtained from an equal portion of three fruits was performed. The contents of total phenolic compounds (62.87 ± 0.21 mg gallic acid equivalent/mL), total flavonoids (0.24 ± 0.01 mg catechin equivalent/mL), hydrolyzable tannins (177.27 ± 10.09 mg gallotannin equivalent/mL), and condensed tannins (0.62 ± 0.11 mg catechin equivalent/mL) were observed in Triphala extracts. The 1 mg/mL of Triphala extracts was applied to batch culture fermentation which contained the feces from voluntarily obese female adults (body mass index of 35.0-40.0 kg/m2) for 24 h. The extraction of DNA and metabolites was each conducted on the samples obtained from batch culture fermentation within and without Triphala extracts treatment. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis were carried out. There was no statistically significant difference between Triphala extracts and control treatments on the changes in microbial profiles (p-value <0.05). While the metabolomic analysis showed statistically significant differences of 305 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated metabolites in the treatment of Triphala extracts when compared with the control (p-value <0.05 and fold-change ≥2) belonging to 60 pathways. The pathway analysis revealed that Triphala extracts play an important role in the activation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. In this study, phenylalanine and tyrosine were identified metabolites which involve in the regulation of energy metabolism. The treatment of Triphala extracts possesses the induction of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis in fecal batch culture fermentation of obese adults and therefore it can be suggested as a probable herbal medicinal recipe for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pincha Kwandee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surasawadee Somnuk
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Bandhita Wanikorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Tunsagool
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
- Corresponding author. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ramesh P, Palaniappan A. Terminalia arjuna, a Cardioprotective Herbal Medicine-Relevancy in the Modern Era of Pharmaceuticals and Green Nanomedicine-A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:126. [PMID: 36678623 PMCID: PMC9865560 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines were the main source of therapeutic agents in the ancestral era. Terminalia arjuna (TA) is one such medicinal plant widely known for its several medicinal properties, especially its cardiovascular properties. They have several phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids, tannins, glycosides, and several minerals, proteins, and others that are responsible for the above-mentioned medicinal properties. In this review, we have first elaborated on the various processes and their parameters for the efficient extraction of relevant phytochemicals from TA extracts. Secondly, the mechanisms behind the various medicinal properties of TA extracts are explained. We have also highlighted the role of TA extracts on the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, especially silver and gold nanoparticles, with an elucidation on the mechanisms behind the synthesis of nanoparticles. Finally, TA extracts-based polymeric formulations are discussed with limitations and future perspectives. We believe that this review could help researchers understand the importance of a well-known cardioprotective medicinal plant, TA, and its biomedical properties, as well as their role in green nanotechnology and various formulations explored for encapsulating them. This review will help researchers design better and greener nanomedicines as well as better formulations to improve the stability and bioavailability of TA extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnimajayasree Ramesh
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632-014, India
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632-014, India
| | - Arunkumar Palaniappan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632-014, India
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Antiplasmodial Properties of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Ten Herbal Traditional Recipes Used in Thailand against Plasmodium falciparum. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120417. [PMID: 36548672 PMCID: PMC9786625 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial efficacy and toxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from traditional recipes used in Thailand. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of ten traditional recipes were tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity (parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay), cytotoxicity (MTT assay), and hemolysis). Oxidant levels were measured using cell-permeable probe 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent dye-based assays. The best candidate was chosen for testing in mouse models using 4-day suppressive and acute toxicity assays. An in vitro study showed that ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts exhibited antiplasmodial activity, with an IC50 in the range of 2.8-15.5 µg/mL. All extracts showed high CC50 values, except for ethanolic extracts from Benjakul, Benjalotiga, and Trikatuk in HepG2 and Benjalotiga and aqueous extract from Chan-tang-ha in a Vero cell. Based on the results of the in vitro antiplasmodial activity, an aqueous extract of Triphala was chosen for testing in mouse models. The aqueous extract of Triphala exhibited good antiplasmodial activity, was safe at an oral dose of 2 g/kg, and is a potential candidate as a new source for the development of antimalarial drugs.
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Arnold JT. Integrating ayurvedic medicine into cancer research programs part 1: Ayurveda background and applications. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022:100676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Sushmitha DH, Ramesh C, Sowmya BA, Sushma Bai BR, Rawal P, Shabana SUK. Attenuation of cisplatin induced myelosuppression by methanol extract of Cedrus deodara in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:975-985. [PMID: 35325515 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of methanol extract of Cedrus deodara against cisplatin induced. METHODS Myelosuppression in albino Wistar rats. All experimental animals were administered with cisplatin on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day to induce bone marrow toxicity and rats were treated with methanol extract of C. deodara for 21 days. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st after 1 h before the administration of the drugs and hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, bleeding time and clotting time were determined were determined. At 21st, all rats were sacrificed and bone marrow samples were collected. The part of bone marrow samples was used for the determination of antioxidant enzymes and remaining were subjected to histopathological examination. RESULTS The animals of therapeutic groups administered with extract of C. deodara have exhibited significant rise in hematological parameters and shorten bleeding time and clotting time when compare to toxic control animals on the day 14 and day 21. The histopathological examination revealed the regeneration of bone marrow cells in the extract treated animals. There was significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant enzymes was found in extract treated animals. CONCLUSIONS The methanol extract of C. deodara of have shown significant protective effects against cisplatin induced myelosuppression in albino Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Channaiah Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Pinkey Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
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Arnold JT. Integrating ayurvedic medicine into cancer research programs part 2: Ayurvedic herbs and research opportunities. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022:100677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Muhamad N, Plengsuriyakarn T, Na-Bangchang K. Atractylodes lancea for cholangiocarcinoma: Modulatory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 and pharmacokinetics in rats and biodistribution in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277614. [PMID: 36374864 PMCID: PMC9662714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (A. lancea: AL) is a promising candidate for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer). The study investigated (i) the propensity of capsule formulation of the standardized extract of AL (formulated AL) to modulate mRNA and protein expression and activities of CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 in rats after long- and short-term exposure, (ii) the pharmacokinetics of atractylodin (ATD: active constituent) after long-term administration of formulated AL, and (iii) the biodistribution of atractylodin-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (ATD-PLGA-NPs) in mice. To investigate CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 modulatory activities following long-term exposure, rats of both genders received oral doses of the formulated AL at 1,000 (low dose), 3,000 (medium dose), and 5,000 (high dose) mg/kg body weight daily for 12 months. For short-term effects, male rats were orally administered the formulated AL at the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight daily for 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted in male rats after administration of the formulated AL at the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight daily for 9 months. The biodistribution study was conducted in a male mouse receiving ATD-PLGA-NPs at the equivalent dose to ATD of 100 mg/kg body weight. The high dose of formulated AL produced an inducing effect on CYP1A2 but an inhibitory effect on CYP3A1 activities in male rats. The low dose, however, did not inhibit or induce the activities of both enzymes in male and female rats. ATD reached maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 359.73 ng/mL at 3 h (tmax). Mean residence time (MRT) and terminal phase elimination half-life (t1/2z) were 3.03 and 0.56 h, respectively. The extent of biodistribution of ATD in mouse livers receiving ATD-PLGA-NPs was 5-fold of that receiving free ATD. Clinical use of low-dose AL should be considered to avoid potential herb-drug interactions after long-term use. ATD-PLGA-NPs is a potential drug delivery system for cholangiocarcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadda Muhamad
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Sahu R, Gupta PK, Mishra A, Kumar A. Ayurveda and in silico Approach: A Challenging Proficient Confluence for Better Development of Effective Traditional Medicine Spotlighting Network Pharmacology. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:470-480. [PMID: 36094769 PMCID: PMC9465656 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coalescence of traditional medicine Ayurveda and in silico technology is a rigor for supplementary development of future-ready effective traditional medicine. Ayurveda is a popular traditional medicine in South Asia, emanating worldwide for the treatment of metabolic disorders and chronic illness. Techniques of in silico biology are not much explored for the investigation of a variety of bioactive phytochemicals of Ayurvedic herbs. Drug repurposing, reverse pharmacology, and polypharmacology in Ayurveda are areas in silico explorations that are needed to understand the rich repertoire of herbs, minerals, herbo-minerals, and assorted Ayurvedic formulations. This review emphasizes exploring the concept of Ayurveda with in silico approaches and the need for Ayurinformatics studies. It also provides an overview of in silico studies done on phytoconstituents of some important Ayurvedic plants, the utility of in silico studies in Ayurvedic phytoconstituents/formulations, limitations/challenges, and prospects of in silico studies in Ayurveda. This article discusses the convergence of in silico work, especially in the least explored field of Ayurveda. The focused coalesce of these two domains could present a predictive combinatorial platform to enhance translational research magnitude. In nutshell, it could provide new insight into an Ayurvedic drug discovery involving an in silico approach that could not only alleviate the process of traditional medicine research but also enhance its effectiveness in addressing health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sahu
- Department of Balroga, Shri NPA Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Department of Balroga, Shri NPA Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.,Ayurinformatics Lab, Department of Kaumarabhritya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
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Arpornchayanon W, Subhawa S, Jaijoy K, Lertprasertsuk N, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sireeratawong S. Safety of the Oral Triphala Recipe from Acute and Chronic Toxicity Tests in Sprague-Dawley Rats. TOXICS 2022; 10:514. [PMID: 36136479 PMCID: PMC9503284 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Indian Ayurvedic herbal formula Triphala (TPL) is known for its pharmacological properties for immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-cancer. This study aimed to investigate the acute and chronic toxicities of the Triphala recipe in a rat model. METHODS To assess the acute toxicities, 5000 mg/kg of TPL was orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats. For chronic toxicities, different dose levels of TPL at 600, 1200, and 2400 mg/kg/day were given daily for 270 days. General health and behaviors and the body and organ weights of the rats were monitored. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were evaluated for hematology and biochemistry profiles. The evaluation of the internal organs' appurtenance and necropsy was performed to confirm the tissue histopathology. RESULTS The results showed that there was no sign of acute toxicity in the TPL group with a decrease in sex organ weights. No significant differences in the rats' behaviors, physical health, body, or organ weights were found between the controls and the rats receiving the 270/day of oral Triphala at 600, 1200, and 2400 mg/kg/day. However, some alterations in blood chemistries and hematology, including glucose, BUN, red blood cells, Hb, HCT, and MCV, were observed without abnormalities in histopathology. CONCLUSIONS It has been demonstrated that the long-term use of TPL in rat models is safe. No toxic effects were found, suggesting possible safety for long-term use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhawat Subhawa
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Jaijoy
- McCormick Faculty of Nursing, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Nirush Lertprasertsuk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Seewaboon Sireeratawong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Dhakal R, Ronquillo MG, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Hansen HH. Effect of Autochthonous Nepalese Fruits on Nutrient Degradation, Fermentation Kinetics, Total Gas Production, and Methane Production in In-Vitro Rumen Fermentation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172199. [PMID: 36077918 PMCID: PMC9454832 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of autochthonous Nepalese fruits on nutrient degradation, fermentation kinetics, total gas production, and methane production in in-vitro rumen fermentation. The fruits of Terminalia chebula (HA), Terminalia bellirica (BA), and Triphala churna (TC), a commercial mixture with equal parts (33.3% DM basis) of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica, and Terminalia chebula, were used. These were tested at three inclusion levels of 20% 40% and 100% of the total sample (as dry matter) in maize silage (MS). MS was used as a control (0% additive). These 10 treatments were tested for two 48-h incubations with quadruplicate samples using rumen fluid from 2 heifers. Total gas production (TGP: mL at standard temperature and pressure (STP)/g DM), methane production (expressed as % and mL/g DM), and volatile fatty acids were determined. After incubations, the filtrate was used to measure pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA), while the residue was used to measure degraded dry matter (dDM) and calculate the partitioning factor (PF48) and theoretical short-chain fatty acid concentration (tVFA). Rumen fluid pH linearly (p < 0.01) decreased in all treatments with increasing dose during fermentation. The CH4% was less in all three treatments with 100% autochthonous plants than in control, but there were no significant linear or quadratic effects for increasing BA, HA, and TC doses. The PF48 increased for all treatments with a significant linear and quadratic effect (p < 0.05) of increasing dose. Compared to MS, the inclusion of autochthonous plants increased the total volatile fatty acids, with no significant dose effects. The tVFA linearly decreased (p > 0.05) with an increasing dose of BA and HA. All treatments showed quadratic effects on tVFA (p < 0.05) with increasing dose. Increasing TC dose linearly (p < 0.05) and quadratically (p < 0.05) increased total VFA, while increasing HA dose had only a quadratic (p < 0.05) effect on total VFA. All treatments reduced total gas production (TGP) and methane concentration (CH4%) when compared to MS. The tested autochthonous fruits can be used as additives with a basal feed diet to reduce enteric methane emissions. The most effective anti-methanogenic treatment was 40% HA, which resulted in 18% methane reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Dhakal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel Gonzalez Ronquillo
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto Literario 100, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Hanne Helene Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Wasana KGP, Attanayake AP, Arawwawala LDAM. Ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by Ayurveda and traditional medicine practitioners in Galle district of Sri Lanka. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Balakrishnan P, Ajayan S, Mukkudakkattu S, Nechiyil K, Nambi N. Review of unique ophthalmic formulations in Vaidya Manorama: A traditional Kerala Ayurveda literature. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100576. [PMID: 35661934 PMCID: PMC9168494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaidya Manorama is a folklore Kerala Ayurveda literature that encompasses time- tested low-budget formulations that can be prepared from easily available resources. Ayurveda Ophthalmology has been described in Chapter twenty-eight of the literature. Many unique formulations like eating firefly (khadyota), preparing ghee from fresh-water shellfish (tadaka-shuktika), Kadali phala (a special type of banana) bidalaka, dropping of juice of palasha (Butea monosperma) into eyes for various clinical conditions are described. We review the unique ophthalmology formulations in this chapter to bring them to limelight. Few herbo-mineral formulations are also described for which toxicity and safety studies are warranted. All these handy formulations may help clinicians in day-to-day practice or may be a lead for novel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Balakrishnan
- Research Officer (Ayurveda), Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (CCRAS), Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - S Ajayan
- Professor and Head, Department of Dravyaguna, Ashtangam Ayurveda Vidhyapeetam, Vavanoor, India
| | | | - Kavya Nechiyil
- Assistant Physician, Nechiyil Ayurveda Vaidyashala, Karalmanna, India
| | - Narayanan Nambi
- Director - Academy, SNA Oushadhashala, Moospet Road, Thrissur, India
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Das A, Naveen J, Sreerama YN, Gnanesh Kumar B
S, Baskaran V. Low-glycemic foods with wheat, barley and herbs ( Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis) inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase and DPP-IV activity in high fat and low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:2177-2188. [PMID: 35602425 PMCID: PMC9114224 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat, barley or wheat + barley and herbs (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis) based low-glycemic-index (low-GI) foods were developed and studied α-amylase, α-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibition property in vitro and in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The GI of products ranged from 47 to 53 than control white bread (GI = 95). Total phenolic (20.1 ± 1 mg gallic acid/g dry wt.) and flavonoids (15.2 ± 1 mg quercetin/g dry wt.) were higher in wheat + barley than barley (17.2 ± 1; 13.6 ± 2) and wheat (16.9 ± 1; 14.9 ± 2) products. The in vitro α-amylase (4-10%), α-glucosidase (5-17%) and DPP-IV (3-26%) inhibition (IC50) of methanol extracts were higher than the aqueous extracts. The fasting blood glucose (50.85, 33.22 and 24.52%) and oral glucose tolerance (AUC = 32.1, 36.04, and 27.73%) was lower in barley, wheat, and wheat + barley fed diabetic groups than diabetic control group (1571.5 ± 13.5 mg/dL/120 min). Feeding wheat, barley, and W + B foods for 60 days inhibited the intestinal α-amylase (1.2, 1.1 and 1.5-folds), α-glucosidase (1.3, 1.2 and 1.7-folds) and DPP-IV (1.6, 1.5 and 2.1-folds) activity compared to diabetic control. Low-GI foods lower the systemic glucose level, inhibit the glycolytic enzymes and DPP-IV activity and hence desirable for diabetes management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05231-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - J. Naveen
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020 India
| | - Y. N. Sreerama
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | -
B.
S. Gnanesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - V. Baskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Rudrapal M, Celik I, Khan J, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Yadav R, Sharma T, Tallei TE, Pasala PK, Sahoo RK, Khairnar SJ, Bendale AR, Zothantluanga JH, Chetia D, Walode SG. Identification of bioactive molecules from Triphala (Ayurvedic herbal formulation) as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) through computational investigations. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2022; 34:101826. [PMID: 35035181 PMCID: PMC8744360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) induced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the present worldwide health emergency. The global scientific community faces a significant challenge in developing targeted therapies to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Computational approaches have been critical for identifying potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors in the face of limited resources and in this time of crisis. Main protease (Mpro) is an intriguing drug target because it processes the polyproteins required for SARS-CoV-2 replication. The application of Ayurvedic knowledge from traditional Indian systems of medicine may be a promising strategy to develop potential inhibitor for different target proteins of SARS-CoV-2. With this endeavor, we docked bioactive molecules from Triphala, an Ayurvedic formulation, against Mpro followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation (100 ns) to investigate their inhibitory potential against SARS-CoV-2. The top four best docked molecules (terflavin A, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and corilagin) were selected for MD simulation study and the results obtained were compared to native ligand X77. From docking and MD simulation studies, the selected molecules showed promising binding affinity with the formation of stable complexes at the active binding pocket of Mpro and exhibited negative binding energy during MM-PBSA calculations, indication their strong binding affinity with the target protein. The identified bioactive molecules were further analyzed for drug-likeness by Lipinski's filter, ADMET and toxicity studies. Computational (in silico) investigations identified terflavin A, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and corilagin from Triphala formulation as promising inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, suggesting experimental (in vitro/in vivo) studies to further explore their inhibitory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Pune 411019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabaia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohitash Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
- The University Center of Excellence for Biotechnology and Conservation of Wallacea, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi 95115, Indonesia
| | | | - Ranjan Kumar Sahoo
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | | | - Atul R Bendale
- Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nashik 422213, India
| | - James H Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Dipak Chetia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay G Walode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Pune 411019, Maharashtra, India
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Sharma A, Vora J, Patel D, Sinha S, Jha PC, Shrivastava N. Identification of natural inhibitors against prime targets of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:3296-3311. [PMID: 33183178 PMCID: PMC7678369 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1846624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The recently emerged COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization as to date; no therapeutic drug/vaccine is available for the treatment. Due to the lack of time and the urgency to contain the pandemic, computational screening appears to be the best tool to find a therapeutic solution. Accumulated evidence suggests that many phyto-compounds possess anti-viral activity. Therefore, we identified possible phyto-compounds that could be developed and used for COVID-19 treatment. In particular, molecular docking was used to prioritize the possible active phyto-compounds against two key targets namely RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, an antiviral drug- Remdesivir (RdRp inhibitor) and Darunavir (Mpro inhibitor) are used as reference drugs. This study revealed that phyto-molecules- Mulberroside-A/C/E/F, Emblicanin A, Nimbolide, and Punigluconin showed high binding affinity against RdRp while Andrographolides, Mulberrosides, Anolignans, Chebulic acid, Mimusopic acid, and Punigluconin showed better binding affinity against Mpro as compared with the reference drug. Furthermore, ADME profiles validated the drug-likeness properties of prioritized phyto-compounds. Besides, to assess the stability, MD simulations studies were performed along with reference inhibitors for Mpro (Darunavir) and RdRp (Remdesivir). Binding free energy calculations (MM-PBSA) revealed the estimated value (ΔG) of Mpro_Darunavir; Mpro_Mulberroside E; RdRp_Remdesivir and RdRp_Emblicanin A were -111.62 ± 6.788, -141.443 ± 9.313, 30.782 ± 5.85 and -89.424 ± 3.130 kJmol-1, respectively. Taken together, the study revealed the potential of these phyto-compounds as inhibitors of RdRp and Mpro inhibitor that could be further validated against SARS-CoV-2 for clinical benefits.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Sharma
- B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Registered Ph.D. student of Department of Life science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaykant Vora
- B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Registered Ph.D. student of Department of Life science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonam Sinha
- B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Registered Ph.D. student of Department of Life science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Neeta Shrivastava
- B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Suryavanshi SV, Barve K, Utpat SV, Kulkarni YA. Triphala churna ameliorates retinopathy in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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C K S, Rao MV, Choudhary S, Singh OP. The healing potential of Draksha-guduchyadi kavala in radiotherapy induced oral mucositis in non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: A comparative case study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100524. [PMID: 34844841 PMCID: PMC8728075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing Radiotherapy (RT) for Head and Neck carcinoma often suffer from side effects such as mucositis, xerostomia, pharyngitis, laryngitis and pain which are being managed symptomatically by mouthwashes of soda-salt, chlorhexidine or betadine. Among the side effects, oral mucositis is the most debilitating one. This comparative case study comprises of 4 patients undergoing RT. Here, 2 patients each are randomly allocated into two groups. One group received the existing prophylactic management i.e., Sodium bicarbonate-salt solution mouth wash and the other group received, Draksha-guduchyadi yoga for kavala (gargling). Both the sets of patients were asked to perform gargling, from the first day of radiation to 15 days thereafter. The effectiveness of both mouthwashes was compared for their healing potential on oral mucositis by RTOG grading. The reduction in mucositis was significant in the group which received Ayurvedic mouthwash compared to the other group. This study positively highlights the contribution of Ayurveda in cancer treatment especially in the field of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya C K
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mangalagowri V Rao
- Department of Swasthavritta Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Choudhary
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tienda-Vázquez MA, Morreeuw ZP, Sosa-Hernández JE, Cardador-Martínez A, Sabath E, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Nephroprotective Plants: A Review on the Use in Pre-Renal and Post-Renal Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060818. [PMID: 35336700 PMCID: PMC8955229 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are expected to become the fifth leading cause of death by 2040. Several physiological failures classified as pre-, intra-, and post-renal factors induce kidney damage. Diabetes, liver pathologies, rhabdomyolysis, and intestinal microbiota have been identified as pre-renal factors, and lithiasis or blood clots in the ureters, prostate cancer, urethral obstructions, prostate elongation, and urinary tract infections are post-renal factors. Additionally, the nephrotoxicity of drugs has been highlighted as a crucial factor inducing kidney injuries. Due to the adverse effects of drugs, it is necessary to point to other alternatives to complement the treatment of these diseases, such as nephroprotective agents. Plants are a wide source of nephroprotective substances and can have beneficial effects in different levels of the physiological pathways which lead to kidney damage. In traditional medicines, plants are used as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, diuretics, and anticancer agents, among other benefits. However, the mechanism of action of some plants empirically used remains unknown and scientific data are required to support their nephroprotective effects. The present work reviewed the plants with a beneficial effect on kidney diseases. The classification of nephroprotective plants according to the clinical definition of pre-renal, intrinsic, and post-renal factors is proposed to orient their use as complementary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Adrián Tienda-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
| | - Zoé P. Morreeuw
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
| | - Anaberta Cardador-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
| | - Ernesto Sabath
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital General de Querétaro, Queretaro 76175, Mexico;
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla 76230, Mexico
| | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (M.A.T.-V.); (Z.P.M.); (J.E.S.-H.); (A.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
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Ranjani S, Parthasarathy P, Rameshkumar P, Hemalatha S. Myrobalan-Mediated Nanocolloids in Controlling Marine Pathogens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1120-1135. [PMID: 35037167 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture production is affected by disease outbreak, which affects the production, profitability, and sustainability of the global aquaculture industry. Antibiotics have been widely used to control various infectious diseases. Indiscriminate usage of antibiotics results in development of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. This current study aims to synthesize myrobalan-mediated green silver nanocolloids (MBNc) by using the extract of three myrobalans and characterized by using various physiochemical techniques. Antibacterial potential of MBNc was screened in vibriosis causing pathogens (V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. Parahaemolyticus), and foodborne pathogen S. haemolyticus, isolated from infected fish. Further, the presence of ESBL genes including CTX-M-15 and Amp C was analyzed in control and MBNc-treated strains. From our studies, it was observed that MBNc was very effective in controlling the growth. MBNc confirmed the anti-biofilm property in all tested marine pathogens and effectively abolish the genes encoding CTX-M-15 in tested pathogens. Thus, MBNc can be formulated to control the growth of marine pathogens and it can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to prevent infection in cage culturing and aquafarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ranjani
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Pradeep Parthasarathy
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - P Rameshkumar
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam, India
| | - S Hemalatha
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India.
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Li X, Wu L, Wu R, Sun M, Fu K, Kuang T, Wang Z. Comparison of medicinal preparations of Ayurveda in India and five traditional medicines in China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114775. [PMID: 34742863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ayurveda is the main traditional healthcare system in Indian medicine. Tibetan medicine (TM), Mongolian medicine (MM), Buddhist medicine (BM), Dai medicine (DM), and Uyghur medicine (UM) are main traditional medicines practiced in China. These are existing traditional medical systems that still play a role in disease prevention and treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY To reveal the similarities and differences of traditional medicinal preparations between Ayurveda in India and five traditional medicines in China to deepen medical exchanges and cooperation between the two countries and beyond. METHODS All preparations were extracted from statutory pharmacopoeias, ministry standards, and prescription textbooks from China and India. The information of each preparation, such as therapeutic uses, medicinal materials, and preparation forms, was recorded in Excel for statistical analysis and visual comparison. RESULTS A total of 645 Ayurvedic preparations, 458 TM preparations, 164 MM preparations, 616 BM preparations, 227 DM preparations, and 94 UM preparations were identified. Preparations of the six traditional medicines were mostly used for treating digestive, respiratory, and urogenital system diseases. The preparation forms of these six traditional medicines are mainly pills and powders. There are 38 shared-use medicinal materials in Ayurveda and TM preparations, 25 in Ayurveda and MM preparations, 30 in Ayurveda and BM preparations, 39 in Ayurveda and DM preparations, and 31 in Ayurveda and UM preparations. Finally, we selected one important shared-use preparation (Triphala) and 51 medicinal materials to research traditional use and modern pharmacology. CONCLUSIONS These preparations are used by different prescribers and users of medicinal materials in different medical systems with the similarities and differences. The similarities may reflect the historical exchanges of traditional medicines between the two countries. The differences showed that traditional medicines in China have absorbed some theories, diagnoses, and treatments from Ayurveda but also retained their own ethnic and regional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ming Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Research Institute of Traditional Indian Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Research Institute of Traditional Indian Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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