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Yamashima T, Mochly-Rosen D, Wakatsuki S, Mizukoshi E, Seike T, Larus IM, Chen CH, Takemura M, Saito H, Ohashi A. Cleavage of Hsp70.1 causes lysosomal cell death under stress conditions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1378656. [PMID: 38859931 PMCID: PMC11163108 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1378656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy mediates the degradation of intracellular macromolecules and organelles within lysosomes. There are three types of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Heat shock protein 70.1 (Hsp70.1) exhibits dual functions as a chaperone protein and a lysosomal membrane stabilizer. Since chaperone-mediated autophagy participates in the recycling of ∼30% cytosolic proteins, its disorder causes cell susceptibility to stress conditions. Cargo proteins destined for degradation such as amyloid precursor protein and tau protein are trafficked by Hsp70.1 from the cytosol into lysosomes. Hsp70.1 is composed of an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal domain that binds to cargo proteins, termed the substrate-binding domain (SBD). The NBD and SBD are connected by the interdomain linker LL1, which modulates the allosteric structure of Hsp70.1 in response to ADP/ATP binding. After the passage of the Hsp70.1-cargo complex through the lysosomal limiting membrane, high-affinity binding of the positive-charged SBD with negative-charged bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) at the internal vesicular membranes activates acid sphingomyelinase to generate ceramide for stabilizing lysosomal membranes. As the integrity of the lysosomal limiting membrane is critical to ensure cargo protein degradation within the acidic lumen, the disintegration of the lysosomal limiting membrane is lethal to cells. After the intake of high-fat diets, however, β-oxidation of fatty acids in the mitochondria generates reactive oxygen species, which enhance the oxidation of membrane linoleic acids to produce 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). In addition, 4-HNE is produced during the heating of linoleic acid-rich vegetable oils and incorporated into the body via deep-fried foods. This endogenous and exogenous 4-HNE synergically causes an increase in its serum and organ levels to induce carbonylation of Hsp70.1 at Arg469, which facilitates its conformational change and access of activated μ-calpain to LL1. Therefore, the cleavage of Hsp70.1 occurs prior to its influx into the lysosomal lumen, which leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization/rupture. The resultant leakage of cathepsins is responsible for lysosomal cell death, which would be one of the causative factors of lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Isabel Maria Larus
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Miho Takemura
- Laboratory of Gene Function, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Saito
- Division of Collaborative Research and Development, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohashi
- Division of Collaborative Research and Development, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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Sultana R, Butterfield DA. Protein Oxidation in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:574. [PMID: 38790679 PMCID: PMC11117785 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins are essential molecules that play crucial roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and carrying out biological functions such as catalyzing biochemical reactions, structural proteins, immune response, etc. However, proteins also are highly susceptible to damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In this review, we summarize the role of protein oxidation in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The major emphasis of this review article is on the carbonylation and nitration of proteins in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The oxidatively modified proteins showed a strong correlation with the reported changes in brain structure, carbohydrate metabolism, synaptic transmission, cellular energetics, etc., of both MCI and AD brains compared to the controls. Some proteins were found to be common targets of oxidation and were observed during the early stages of AD, suggesting that those changes might be critical in the onset of symptoms and/or formation of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the role of protein oxidation and nitration in the progression and pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA;
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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3
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Di Domenico F, Lanzillotta C, Perluigi M. Redox imbalance and metabolic defects in the context of Alzheimer disease. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38472147 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Redox reactions play a critical role for intracellular processes, including pathways involved in metabolism and signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act either as second messengers or generators of protein modifications, fundamental mechanisms for signal transduction. Disturbance of redox homeostasis is associated with many disorders. Among these, Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology that presents hallmarks of oxidative damage such as increased ROS production, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative modifications of macromolecules, and changes in mitochondrial homeostasis. Interestingly, alteration of redox homeostasis is closely associated with defects of energy metabolism, involving both carbohydrates and lipids, the major energy fuels for the cell. As the brain relies exclusively on glucose metabolism, defects of glucose utilization represent a harmful event for the brain. During aging, a progressive perturbation of energy metabolism occurs resulting in brain hypometabolism. This condition contributes to increase neuronal cell vulnerability ultimately resulting in cognitive impairment. The current review discusses the crosstalk between alteration of redox homeostasis and brain energy defects that seems to act in concert in promoting Alzheimer's neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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4
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Ali M, Garcia P, Lunkes LP, Sciortino A, Thomas M, Heurtaux T, Grzyb K, Halder R, Coowar D, Skupin A, Buée L, Blum D, Buttini M, Glaab E. Single cell transcriptome analysis of the THY-Tau22 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease reveals sex-dependent dysregulations. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:119. [PMID: 38453894 PMCID: PMC10920792 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and pathology show pronounced sex differences, but the factors driving these remain poorly understood. To gain insights into early AD-associated molecular changes and their sex dependency for tau pathology in the cortex, we performed single-cell RNA-seq in the THY-Tau22 AD mouse model. By examining cell type-specific and cell type-agnostic AD-related gene activity changes and their sex-dimorphism for individual genes, pathways and cellular sub-networks, we identified both statistically significant alterations and interpreted the upstream mechanisms controlling them. Our results confirm several significant sex-dependent alterations in gene activity in the THY-Tau22 model mice compared to controls, with more pronounced alterations in females. Both changes shared across multiple cell types and cell type-specific changes were observed. The differential genes showed significant over-representation of known AD-relevant processes, such as pathways associated with neuronal differentiation, programmed cell death and inflammatory responses. Regulatory network analysis of these genes revealed upstream regulators that modulate many of the downstream targets with sex-dependent changes. Most key regulators have been previously implicated in AD, such as Egr1, Klf4, Chchd2, complement system genes, and myelin-associated glycoproteins. Comparing with similar data from the Tg2576 AD mouse model and human AD patients, we identified multiple genes with consistent, cell type-specific and sex-dependent alterations across all three datasets. These shared changes were particularly evident in the expression of myelin-associated genes such as Mbp and Plp1 in oligodendrocytes. In summary, we observed significant cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in the THY-Tau22 mouse model, with a strong over-representation of known AD-associated genes and processes. These include both sex-neutral and sex-specific patterns, characterized by consistent shifts in upstream master regulators and downstream target genes. Collectively, these findings provide insights into mechanisms influencing sex-specific susceptibility to AD and reveal key regulatory proteins that could be targeted for developing treatments addressing sex-dependent AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laetitia P Lunkes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessia Sciortino
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Thomas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, 8 avenue du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Djalil Coowar
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alex Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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5
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Butterfield DA. Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:103-197. [PMID: 37843394 PMCID: PMC11281823 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with multiple etiologies and pathological mechanisms, among which oxidative stress (OS) appears as a major determinant. Intriguingly, OS arises in various pathways regulating brain functions, and it seems to link different hypotheses and mechanisms of AD neuropathology with high fidelity. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, mainly because of its unique lipid composition, resulting in an amplified cascade of redox reactions that target several cellular components/functions ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. The present review highlights the "OS hypothesis of AD," including amyloid beta-peptide-associated mechanisms, the role of lipid and protein oxidation unraveled by redox proteomics, and the antioxidant strategies that have been investigated to modulate the progression of AD. Collected studies from our groups and others have contributed to unraveling the close relationships between perturbation of redox homeostasis in the brain and AD neuropathology by elucidating redox-regulated events potentially involved in both the pathogenesis and progression of AD. However, the complexity of AD pathological mechanisms requires an in-depth understanding of several major intracellular pathways affecting redox homeostasis and relevant for brain functions. This understanding is crucial to developing pharmacological strategies targeting OS-mediated toxicity that may potentially contribute to slow AD progression as well as improve the quality of life of persons with this severe dementing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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6
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Liuzzi GM, Petraglia T, Latronico T, Crescenzi A, Rossano R. Antioxidant Compounds from Edible Mushrooms as Potential Candidates for Treating Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081913. [PMID: 37111131 PMCID: PMC10145943 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The last century has seen an increase in our life expectancy. As a result, various age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), have emerged, representing new challenges to society. Oxidative stress (OS), a condition of redox imbalance resulting from excessive production of reactive oxygen species, represents a common feature that characterizes the brains of elderly people, thus contributing to NDs. Consequently, antioxidant supplementation or dietary intake of antioxidant-containing foods could represent an effective preventive and therapeutic intervention to maintain the integrity and survival of neurons and to counteract the neurodegenerative pathologies associated with aging. Food contains numerous bioactive molecules with beneficial actions for human health. To this purpose, a wide range of edible mushrooms have been reported to produce different antioxidant compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, carotenoids, ergothioneine, and others, which might be used for dietary supplementation to enhance antioxidant defenses and, consequently, the prevention of age-related neurological diseases. In this review, we summarized the role of oxidative stress in age-related NDs, focusing on the current knowledge of the antioxidant compounds present in edible mushrooms, and highlighting their potential to preserve healthy aging by counteracting age-associated NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tania Petraglia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Aniello Crescenzi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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7
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Bardelčíková A, Šoltys J, Mojžiš J. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040901. [PMID: 37107276 PMCID: PMC10135609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of CRC is a complex multistep process. Among other factors, inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been reported to be involved in the initiation and development of CRC. Although OS plays a vital part in the life of all organisms, its long-term effects on the human body may be involved in the development of different chronic diseases, including cancer diseases. Chronic OS can lead to the oxidation of biomolecules (nucleic acids, lipids and proteins) or the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, resulting in the activation of several transcription factors or the dysregulation of gene and protein expression followed by tumor initiation or cancer cell survival. In addition, it is well known that chronic intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated with an increased risk of cancer, and a link between OS and IBD initiation and progression has been reported. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress as a causative agent of inflammation in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Bardelčíková
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jindřich Šoltys
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Science, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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8
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Oxidative Stress in Brain in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020462. [PMID: 36830020 PMCID: PMC9952700 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), arguably the earliest clinical stage of Alzheimer disease (AD), is characterized by normal activities of daily living but with memory issues but no dementia. Oxidative stress, with consequent damaged key proteins and lipids, are prominent even in this early state of AD. This review article outlines oxidative stress in MCI and how this can account for neuronal loss and potential therapeutic strategies to slow progression to AD.
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MODeLING.Vis: A Graphical User Interface Toolbox Developed for Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition of Biomolecular Data. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many scientific publications that affect machine learning have set the basis for pattern recognition and symmetry. In this paper, we revisit the concept of “Mind-life continuity” published by the authors, testing the symmetry between cognitive and electrophoretic strata. We opted for machine learning to analyze and understand the total protein profile of neurotypical subjects acquired by capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis permits a cost-wise solution but lacks modern proteomic techniques’ discriminative and quantification power. To compensate for this problem, we developed tools for better data visualization and exploration in this work. These tools permitted us to examine better the total protein profile of 92 young adults, from 19 to 25 years old, healthy university students at the University of Lisbon, with no serious, uncontrolled, or chronic diseases affecting the nervous system. As a result, we created a graphical user interface toolbox named MODeLING.Vis, which showed specific expected protein profiles present in saliva in our neurotypical sample. The developed toolbox permitted data exploration and hypothesis testing of the biomolecular data. In conclusion, this analysis offered the data mining of the acquired neuroproteomics data in the molecular weight range from 9.1 to 30 kDa. This molecular weight range, obtained by pattern recognition of our dataset, is characteristic of the small neuroimmune molecules and neuropeptides. Consequently, MODeLING.Vis offers a machine-learning solution for probing into the neurocognitive response.
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10
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Viedma-Poyatos Á, González-Jiménez P, Pajares MA, Pérez-Sala D. Alexander disease GFAP R239C mutant shows increased susceptibility to lipoxidation and elicits mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102415. [PMID: 35933901 PMCID: PMC9364016 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alexander disease is a fatal neurological disorder caused by mutations in the intermediate filament protein Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), which is key for astrocyte homeostasis. These mutations cause GFAP aggregation, astrocyte dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Remarkably, most of the known GFAP mutations imply a change by more nucleophilic amino acids, mainly cysteine or histidine, which are more susceptible to oxidation and lipoxidation. Therefore, we hypothesized that a higher susceptibility of Alexander disease GFAP mutants to oxidative or electrophilic damage, which frequently occurs during neurodegeneration, could contribute to disease pathogenesis. To address this point, we have expressed GFP-GFAP wild type or the harmful Alexander disease GFP-GFAP R239C mutant in astrocytic cells. Interestingly, GFAP R239C appears more oxidized than the wild type under control conditions, as indicated both by its lower cysteine residue accessibility and increased presence of disulfide-bonded oligomers. Moreover, GFP-GFAP R239C undergoes lipoxidation to a higher extent than GFAP wild type upon treatment with the electrophilic mediator 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). Importantly, GFAP R239C filament organization is altered in untreated cells and is earlier and more severely disrupted than GFAP wild type upon exposure to oxidants (diamide, H2O2) or electrophiles (4-hydroxynonenal, 15d-PGJ2), which exacerbate GFAP R239C aggregation. Furthermore, H2O2 causes reversible alterations in GFAP wild type, but irreversible damage in GFAP R239C expressing cells. Finally, we show that GFAP R239C expression induces a more oxidized cellular status, with decreased free thiol content and increased mitochondrial superoxide generation. In addition, mitochondria show decreased mass, increased colocalization with GFAP and altered morphology. Notably, a GFP-GFAP R239H mutant recapitulates R239C-elicited alterations whereas an R239G mutant induces a milder phenotype. Together, our results outline a deleterious cycle involving altered GFAP R239C organization, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and further GFAP R239C protein damage and network disruption, which could contribute to astrocyte derangement in Alexander disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Viedma-Poyatos
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Jiménez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Vodičková A, Koren SA, Wojtovich AP. Site-specific mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:1-18. [PMID: 35182728 PMCID: PMC9035127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal survival and mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of neurodegeneration. The loss in mitochondrial energy production, oxidative stress, and changes in calcium handling are associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, different sites and types of mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to distinct neuropathologies. Understanding the causal or correlative relationship between changes in mitochondria and neuropathology will lead to new therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize the evidence of site-specific mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial-related clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases. We further discuss potential therapeutic approaches, such as mitochondrial transplantation, restoration of mitochondrial function, and pharmacological alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Vodičková
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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12
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Ben Khedher MR, Haddad M, Laurin D, Ramassamy C. Effect of APOE ε4 allele on levels of apolipoproteins E, J, and D, and redox signature in circulating extracellular vesicles from cognitively impaired with no dementia participants converted to Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12231. [PMID: 34541286 PMCID: PMC8438681 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The substantial link between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and oxidative stress may underlie enhanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Here, we studied the impact of APOE ε4 on the level of apolipoproteins with antioxidant activities along with oxidative markers in circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs) and plasma from cognitively impaired-not demented (CIND) individuals converted to AD (CIND-AD). METHODS Apolipoproteins E, J, and D and antioxidant response markers were determined in cEVs and plasma using immunoblotting, electrochemical examination, and spectrofluorimetry. RESULTS Total antioxidant capacity and apolipoprotein D levels in cEVs, as judged by regression analysis and cognitive performance correlations, allowed us to differentiate CIND APOE ε4 carriers from controls and to predict their progression to AD 5 years later. DISCUSSION Our findings support the pathological redox linkage between APOE ε4 and AD onset and suggest the use of cEVs oxidative signature in early AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Raâfet Ben Khedher
- INRS‐Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé‐BiotechnologieLavalQuebecCanada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Mohamed Haddad
- INRS‐Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé‐BiotechnologieLavalQuebecCanada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsQuébecQuébecCanada
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de QuébecCHU de Québec‐Université Laval Research CentreVITAM‐Centre de recherche en santé durableQuébecQuébecCanada
- Faculty of PharmacyLaval UniversityQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS‐Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé‐BiotechnologieLavalQuebecCanada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsQuébecQuébecCanada
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13
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Cioffi F, Adam RHI, Bansal R, Broersen K. A Review of Oxidative Stress Products and Related Genes in Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:977-1001. [PMID: 34420962 PMCID: PMC8543250 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Reactive oxygen species can modify lipids, DNA, RNA, and proteins in the brain. The products of their peroxidation and oxidation are readily detectable at incipient stages of disease. Based on these oxidation products, various biomarker-based strategies have been developed to identify oxidative stress levels in AD. Known oxidative stress-related biomarkers include lipid peroxidation products F2-isoprostanes, as well as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal which both conjugate to specific amino acids to modify proteins, and DNA or RNA oxidation products 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), respectively. The inducible enzyme heme oxygenase type 1 (HO-1) is found to be upregulated in response to oxidative stress-related events in the AD brain. While these global biomarkers for oxidative stress are associated with early-stage AD, they generally poorly differentiate from other neurodegenerative disorders that also coincide with oxidative stress. Redox proteomics approaches provided specificity of oxidative stress-associated biomarkers to AD pathology by the identification of oxidatively damaged pathology-specific proteins. In this review, we discuss the potential combined diagnostic value of these reported biomarkers in the context of AD and discuss eight oxidative stress-related mRNA biomarkers in AD that we newly identified using a transcriptomics approach. We review these genes in the context of their reported involvement in oxidative stress regulation and specificity for AD. Further research is warranted to establish the protein levels and their functionalities as well as the molecular mechanisms by which these potential biomarkers are involved in regulation of oxidative stress levels and their potential for determination of oxidative stress and disease status of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Department of Nanobiophysics, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rayan Hassan Ibrahim Adam
- Department of Nanobiophysics, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerensa Broersen
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Barone E, Butterfield DA. mTOR in Alzheimer disease and its earlier stages: Links to oxidative damage in the progression of this dementing disorder. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:382-396. [PMID: 33933601 PMCID: PMC8145782 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly population and has worldwide impact. The etiology of the disease is complex and results from the confluence of multiple mechanisms ultimately leading to neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Among risk factors, aging is the most relevant and accounts for several pathogenic events that contribute to disease-specific toxic mechanisms. Accumulating evidence linked the alterations of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase playing a key role in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation, to age-dependent cognitive decline and pathogenesis of AD. To date, growing studies demonstrated that aberrant mTOR signaling in the brain affects several pathways involved in energy metabolism, cell growth, mitochondrial function and proteostasis. Recent advances associated alterations of the mTOR pathway with the increased oxidative stress. Disruption of all these events strongly contribute to age-related cognitive decline including AD. The current review discusses the main regulatory roles of mTOR signaling network in the brain, focusing on its role in autophagy, oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Collectively, experimental data suggest that targeting mTOR in the CNS can be a valuable strategy to prevent/slow the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - F Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - E Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D A Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA.
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15
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Saini N, Kadian M, khera A, Aggarwal A, Kumar A. Therapeutic potential of Allium Sativum against the Aβ (1-40)-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the Wistar rats. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE 2021; 10:13-27. [PMID: 34084662 PMCID: PMC8166581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
From the early stages of any neurodegenerative-disease mitochondrial functionality has been mortally extricated, though the exact timeline of these events is still unclear, it is likely to represent a progressive neurons-decline and cognitive-functions. Hence strategies suggested by herbal extract to restore mitochondrial functions may be a remedial approach to chronic neurodegenerative disorder like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This research was designed to evaluate if Aβ1-40 induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction could be inhibited by Allium Sativum (AS) supplementation. AD was induced by a single intra-hippocampal injection of Aβ1-40 (5 μg/4 μl), while herbal supplementation was given orally (100, 250, 500 mg/kg body weight, daily) for 3 weeks. Morris water maze was used to assess cognitive function shows deficits in Aβ1-40 treated animals, there is no significant alteration in locomotor function as examined by actophotometer. This was accompanied by enhancement in oxidative stress indicating by accentuated ROS and protein carbonyl levels. Concomitantly, decrease in activity of antioxidant enzymes was observed in diseased animals; as expressed by reduced superoxide-dismutase and catalase activity, as well as reduction in GSH levels and impaired mitochondrial functions. Medium dose of AS has been found effective in restoring the memory impairment along with antioxidant levels but high dose is more efficient as observed in the Aβ1-40 treated rats. High dose of AS, on the other hand significantly ameliorates the mitochondrial-dysfunction in comparison to medium dose. Taken together, the findings reveal that AS reverses Aβ1-40 induced brain alteration, it could be an efficient clinical mitigation action against AD growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Saini
- Division of Pharmacology, UIPS, Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014, India
| | - Monika Kadian
- Division of Pharmacology, UIPS, Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014, India
| | - Alka khera
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012, India
| | - Aanchal Aggarwal
- National Agri Food Biotechnology InstituteMohali 140308, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, UIPS, Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014, India
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16
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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 Prevents Neuronal Death from Ischemic Damage by Reducing Neuroinflammation in the Rabbit Spinal Cord. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197425. [PMID: 33050051 PMCID: PMC7582635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is a glycolytic enzyme that increases glycolytic flux in the brain. In the present study, we examined the effects of PGAM1 in conditions of oxidative stress and ischemic damage in motor neuron-like (NSC34) cells and the rabbit spinal cord. A Tat-PGAM1 fusion protein was prepared to allow easy crossing of the blood-brain barrier, and Control-PGAM1 was synthesized without the Tat peptide protein transduction domain. Intracellular delivery of Tat-PGAM1, not Control-PGAM1, was achieved in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed the intracellular expression of Tat-PGAM1 in NSC34 cells. Tat-PGAM1, but not Control-PGAM1, significantly alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress, neuronal death, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and apoptosis-inducing factor expression in NSC34 cells. After ischemia induction in the spinal cord, Tat-PGAM1 treatment significantly improved ischemia-induced neurological impairments and ameliorated neuronal cell death in the ventral horn of the spinal cord 72 h after ischemia. Tat-PGAM1 treatment significantly mitigated the ischemia-induced increase in malondialdehyde and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α production in the spinal cord. In addition, Tat-PGAM1, but not Control-PGAM1, significantly decreased microglial activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by ischemia in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. These results suggest that Tat-PGAM1 can be used as a therapeutic agent to reduce spinal cord ischemia-induced neuronal damage by lowering the oxidative stress, microglial activation, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.
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Finelli MJ. Redox Post-translational Modifications of Protein Thiols in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Conditions-Focus on S-Nitrosation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:254. [PMID: 33088270 PMCID: PMC7497228 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) are by-products of aerobic metabolism. RONS trigger a signaling cascade that can be transduced through oxidation-reduction (redox)-based post-translational modifications (redox PTMs) of protein thiols. This redox signaling is essential for normal cellular physiology and coordinately regulates the function of redox-sensitive proteins. It plays a particularly important role in the brain, which is a major producer of RONS. Aberrant redox PTMs of protein thiols can impair protein function and are associated with several diseases. This mini review article aims to evaluate the role of redox PTMs of protein thiols, in particular S-nitrosation, in brain aging, and in neurodegenerative diseases. It also discusses the potential of using redox-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattéa J Finelli
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D. Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E818. [PMID: 32887505 PMCID: PMC7554713 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress are widely recognized as critical factors in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) and its earlier stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A major source of free radicals that lead to oxidative and nitrosative damage is mitochondria. This review paper discusses oxidative and nitrosative stress and markers thereof in the brain, along with redox proteomics, which are techniques that have been pioneered in the Butterfield laboratory. Selected biological alterations in-and oxidative and nitrosative modifications of-mitochondria in AD and MCI and systems of relevance thereof also are presented. The review article concludes with a section on the implications of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative stress in MCI and AD with respect to imaging studies in and targeted therapies toward these disorders. Taken together, this review provides support for the notion that brain mitochondrial alterations in AD and MCI are key components of oxidative and nitrosative stress observed in these two disorders, and as such, they provide potentially promising therapeutic targets to slow-and hopefully one day stop-the progression of AD, which is a devastating dementing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH 44601, USA;
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20
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Hsu HW, Rodriguez-Ortiz CJ, Lim SL, Zumkehr J, Kilian JG, Vidal J, Kitazawa M. Copper-Induced Upregulation of MicroRNAs Directs the Suppression of Endothelial LRP1 in Alzheimer's Disease Model. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:144-156. [PMID: 30923833 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to copper and its dyshomeostasis have been linked to accelerated cognitive decline and potentially increasing risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We and others have previously demonstrated that exposure to copper through drinking water significantly increased parenchymal amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and decreased endothelial low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in mouse models of AD. In this study, we determined the underlying mechanisms that microRNA critically mediated the copper-induced loss of endothelial LRP1. In human primary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs), microRNA-200b-3p, -200c-3p, and -205-5p were significantly elevated within the 24-h exposure to copper and returned to baseline after 48-h postexposure, which corresponded with the temporal change of LRP1 expression in these cells. Transient expression of synthetic microRNA-200b-3p, -200c-3p, or -205-5p on MVECs significantly decreased endothelial LRP1, and cotreatment of synthetic antagomirs effectively prevented the loss of LRP1 during copper exposure, collectively supporting the key regulatory role of these microRNAs in copper-induced loss of LRP1. In mice, a significant reduction of LRP1 in cortical vasculature was evident following 9 months exposure to 1.3 ppm copper in drinking water, although the levels of cortical microRNA-205-5p, -200b-3p, and -200c-3p were only marginally elevated. This, however, correlated with increased vascular accumulation of Aβ and impairment of spatial memory, indicating that copper exposure has the pivotal role in the vascular damage and development of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Hsu
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Carlos J Rodriguez-Ortiz
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Siok Lam Lim
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Joannee Zumkehr
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Jason G Kilian
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Janielle Vidal
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
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21
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Type III intermediate filaments as targets and effectors of electrophiles and oxidants. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101582. [PMID: 32711378 PMCID: PMC7381704 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) play key roles in cell mechanics, signaling and homeostasis. Their assembly and dynamics are finely regulated by posttranslational modifications. The type III IFs, vimentin, desmin, peripherin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), are targets for diverse modifications by oxidants and electrophiles, for which their conserved cysteine residue emerges as a hot spot. Pathophysiological examples of these modifications include lipoxidation in cell senescence and rheumatoid arthritis, disulfide formation in cataracts and nitrosation in endothelial shear stress, although some oxidative modifications can also be detected under basal conditions. We previously proposed that cysteine residues of vimentin and GFAP act as sensors for oxidative and electrophilic stress, and as hinges influencing filament assembly. Accumulating evidence indicates that the structurally diverse cysteine modifications, either per se or in combination with other posttranslational modifications, elicit specific functional outcomes inducing distinct assemblies or network rearrangements, including filament stabilization, bundling or fragmentation. Cysteine-deficient mutants are protected from these alterations but show compromised cellular performance in network assembly and expansion, organelle positioning and aggresome formation, revealing the importance of this residue. Therefore, the high susceptibility to modification of the conserved cysteine of type III IFs and its cornerstone position in filament architecture sustains their role in redox sensing and integration of cellular responses. This has deep pathophysiological implications and supports the potential of this residue as a drug target. Type III intermediate filaments can be modified by many oxidants and electrophiles. Oxidative modifications of type III IFs occur in normal and pathological conditions. The conserved cysteine residue acts as a hub for redox/electrophilic modifications. Cysteine modifications elicit structure-dependent type III IF rearrangements. Type III intermediate filaments act as sensors for oxidative and electrophilic stress.
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22
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Yamashima T, Ota T, Mizukoshi E, Nakamura H, Yamamoto Y, Kikuchi M, Yamashita T, Kaneko S. Intake of ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Rich Vegetable Oils and Risk of Lifestyle Diseases. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1489-1509. [PMID: 32623461 PMCID: PMC7666899 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although excessive consumption of deep-fried foods is regarded as 1 of the most important epidemiological factors of lifestyle diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, the exact mechanism remains unknown. This review aims to discuss whether heated cooking oil-derived peroxidation products cause cell degeneration/death for the occurrence of lifestyle diseases. Deep-fried foods cooked in ω-6 PUFA-rich vegetable oils such as rapeseed (canola), soybean, sunflower, and corn oils, already contain or intrinsically generate "hydroxynonenal" by peroxidation. As demonstrated previously, hydroxynonenal promotes carbonylation of heat-shock protein 70.1 (Hsp70.1), with the resultant impaired ability of cells to recycle damaged proteins and stabilize the lysosomal membrane. Until now, the implication of lysosomal/autophagy failure due to the daily consumption of ω-6 PUFA-rich vegetable oils in the progression of cell degeneration/death has not been reported. Since the "calpain-cathepsin hypothesis" was formulated as a cause of ischemic neuronal death in 1998, its relevance to Alzheimer's neuronal death has been suggested with particular attention to hydroxynonenal. However, its relevance to cell death of the hypothalamus, liver, and pancreas, especially related to appetite/energy control, is unknown. The hypothalamus senses information from both adipocyte-derived leptin and circulating free fatty acids. Concentrations of circulating fatty acid and its oxidized form, especially hydroxynonenal, are increased in obese and/or aged subjects. As overactivation of the fatty acid receptor G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) in response to excessive or oxidized fatty acids in these subjects may lead to the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, it should be evaluated whether GPR40 overactivation contributes to diverse cell death. Here, we describe the molecular implication of ω-6 PUFA-rich vegetable oil-derived hydroxynonenal in lysosomal destabilization leading to cell death. By oxidizing Hsp70.1, both the dietary PUFA- (exogenous) and the membrane phospholipid- (intrinsic) peroxidation product "hydroxynonenal," when combined, may play crucial roles in the occurrence of diverse lifestyle diseases including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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Multiple Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Reactivations Induce Protein Oxidative Damage in Mouse Brain: Novel Mechanisms for Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8070972. [PMID: 32610629 PMCID: PMC7409037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Interestingly, Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic virus that establishes a lifelong latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion followed by periodic reactivations, has been reportedly linked both to AD and to oxidative stress conditions. Herein, we analyzed, through biochemical and redox proteomic approaches, the mouse model of recurrent HSV-1 infection we previously set up, to investigate whether multiple virus reactivations induced oxidative stress in the mouse brain and affected protein function and related intracellular pathways. Following multiple HSV-1 reactivations, we found in mouse brains increased levels of oxidative stress hallmarks, including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and 13 HNE-modified proteins whose levels were found significantly altered in the cortex of HSV-1-infected mice compared to controls. We focused on two proteins previously linked to AD pathogenesis, i.e., glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and collapsin response-mediated protein 2 (CRMP2), which are involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and in microtubule stabilization, respectively. We found that recurrent HSV-1 infection disables GRP78 function and activates the UPR, whereas it prevents CRMP2 function in mouse brains. Overall, these data suggest that repeated HSV-1 reactivation into the brain may contribute to neurodegeneration also through oxidative damage.
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Sharma A, Weber D, Raupbach J, Dakal TC, Fließbach K, Ramirez A, Grune T, Wüllner U. Advanced glycation end products and protein carbonyl levels in plasma reveal sex-specific differences in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101546. [PMID: 32460130 PMCID: PMC7251371 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are distinct clinical entities, however, the aggregation of key neuronal proteins, presumably leading to neuronal demise appears to represent a common mechanism. It has become evident, that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) trigger the accumulation of such modified proteins, which eventually contributes to pathological aspect of NDDs. Increased levels of AGEs are found in amyloid plaques in AD brains and in both advanced and early PD (incidental Lewy body disease). The molecular mechanisms by which AGE dependent modifications may modulate the susceptibility towards NDDs, however, remain enigmatic and it is unclear, whether AGEs may serve as biomarker of NDD. In the present study, we examined AGEs (CML: Carboxymethyllysine and CEL: Carboxyethyllysine), markers of oxidative stress and micronutrients in the plasma of PD and AD patients and controls. As compared to healthy controls, AD females displayed lower levels of CEL while higher levels of CML were found in AD and PD patients. A somewhat similar pattern was observed for protein carbonyls (PC), revealing lower values exclusively in AD females, whereas AD males displayed significantly higher values compared to healthy controls and PD. Sex-specific differences were also observed for other relevant markers such as malondialdehyde, 3-nitrotyrosine, γ -tocopherols, retinol, plasma proteins and α-carotene, while α-tocopherols, β-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene showed no relevant association. Taken together, our study suggests yet unappreciated differences of the distribution of AGEs among the sexes in NDD. We therefore suggest to make a clear distinction between sexes when analyzing oxidative (AGEs)-related stress and carbonyl-related stress and vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam, Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jana Raupbach
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam, Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam, Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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25
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Kowalska M, Piekut T, Prendecki M, Sodel A, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Oxidative Damage in Physiological and Pathological Aging. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1410-1420. [PMID: 32315547 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in numerous processes, including energy generation, regulating ion homeostasis, and cell signaling. Mitochondria are also the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to the oxidative environment within mitochondria, the macromolecules therein, for example, mtDNA, proteins, and lipids are more susceptible to sustaining damage. During aging, mitochondrial functions decline, partly as a result of an accumulation of mtDNA mutations, decreased mtDNA copy number and protein expression, and a reduction in oxidative capacity. The aim of this study was to summarize the knowledge on DNA oxidative damage in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. It has been hypothesized that various ROS may play an important role not only in physiological senescence but also in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Thus, mitochondria seem to be a potential target of novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thomas Piekut
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sodel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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26
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Spina R, Voss DM, Yang X, Sohn JW, Vinkler R, Schraner J, Sloan A, Welford SM, Avril N, Ames HM, Woodworth GF, Bar EE. MCT4 regulates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in GBM in a lactate-independent manner. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdz062. [PMID: 32002519 PMCID: PMC6979491 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotic foci with surrounding hypoxic cellular pseudopalisades and microvascular hyperplasia are histological features found in glioblastoma (GBM). We have previously shown that monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is highly expressed in necrotic/hypoxic regions in GBM and that increased levels of MCT4 are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Methods A combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis was performed to study the effects of MCT4 depletion in hypoxic GBM neurospheres. Stable and inducible MCT4-depletion systems were used to evaluate the effects of and underlining mechanisms associated with MCT4 depletion in vitro and in vivo, alone and in combination with radiation. Results This study establishes that conditional depletion of MCT4 profoundly impairs self-renewal and reduces the frequency and tumorigenicity of aggressive, therapy-resistant, glioblastoma stem cells. Mechanistically, we observed that MCT4 depletion induces anaplerotic glutaminolysis and abrogates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The latter results in a dramatic increase in DNA damage and apoptotic cell death, phenotypes that were readily rescued by pyrimidine nucleosides supplementation. Consequently, we found that MCT4 depletion promoted a significant prolongation of survival of animals bearing established orthotopic xenografts, an effect that was extended by adjuvant treatment with focused radiation. Conclusions Our findings establish a novel role for MCT4 as a critical regulator of cellular deoxyribonucleotide levels and provide a new therapeutic direction related to MCT4 depletion in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dillon M Voss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason W Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Vinkler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Julianna Schraner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Norbert Avril
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather M Ames
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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Butterfield AD, Wang B, Wu P, Hardas SS, Unrine JM, Grulke EA, Cai J, Klein JB, Pierce WM, Yokel RA, Sultana R. Plasma and Serum Proteins Bound to Nanoceria: Insights into Pathways by which Nanoceria may Exert Its Beneficial and Deleterious Effects In Vivo. JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE & NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:546. [PMID: 34589268 PMCID: PMC8478346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nanoceria (CeO2, cerium oxide nanoparticles) is proposed as a therapeutic for multiple disorders. In blood, nanoceria becomes protein-coated, changing its surface properties to yield a different presentation to cells. There is little information on the interaction of nanoceria with blood proteins. The current study is the first to report the proteomics identification of plasma and serum proteins adsorbed to nanoceria. The results identify a number of plasma and serum proteins interacting with nanoceria, proteins whose normal activities regulate numerous cell functions: antioxidant/detoxification, energy regulation, lipoproteins, signaling, complement, immune function, coagulation, iron homeostasis, proteolysis, inflammation, protein folding, protease inhibition, adhesion, protein/RNA degradation, and hormonal. The principal implications of this study are: 1) The protein corona may positively or negatively affect nanoceria cellular uptake, subsequent organ bioprocessing, and effects; and 2) Nanoceria adsorption may alter protein structure and function, including pro- and inflammatory effects. Consequently, prior to their use as therapeutic agents, better understanding of the effects of nanoceria protein coating is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan D Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;,Correspondence to: Professor D. Allan Butterfield, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Tel: (859) 257-3184;
| | - Binghui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sarita S. Hardas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jason M. Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Eric A. Grulke
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jon B. Klein
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - William M. Pierce
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robert A. Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D. Redox proteomics and amyloid β-peptide: insights into Alzheimer disease. J Neurochem 2019; 151:459-487. [PMID: 30216447 PMCID: PMC6417976 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging and characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurite and synapse loss. Amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) [Aβ(1-42)], a major component of senile plaques, is neurotoxic and induces oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Redox proteomics has been used to identify proteins oxidatively modified by Aβ(1-42) in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss these proteins in the context of those identified to be oxidatively modified in animal models of AD, and human studies including familial AD, pre-clinical AD (PCAD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early AD, late AD, Down syndrome (DS), and DS with AD (DS/AD). These redox proteomics studies indicate that Aβ(1-42)-mediated oxidative stress occurs early in AD pathogenesis and results in altered antioxidant and cellular detoxification defenses, decreased energy yielding metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, loss of synaptic plasticity and cell structure, neuroinflammation, impaired protein folding and degradation, and altered signal transduction. Improved access to biomarker imaging and the identification of lifestyle interventions or treatments to reduce Aβ production could be beneficial in preventing or delaying the progression of AD. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH 44601
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Provensi G, Carta F, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Casamenti F, Passani MB, Fossati S. A New Kid on the Block? Carbonic Anhydrases as Possible New Targets in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4724. [PMID: 31554165 PMCID: PMC6801497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is a consequence of the world's population aging but unfortunately, existing treatments are only effective at delaying some of the symptoms and for a limited time. Despite huge efforts by both academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies, no disease-modifying drugs have been brought to the market in the last decades. Recently, several studies shed light on Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) as possible new targets for AD treatment. In the present review we summarized preclinical and clinical findings regarding the role of CAs and their inhibitors/activators on cognition, aging and neurodegeneration and we discuss future challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology of Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology of Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - M Beatrice Passani
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple (ACT), Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Srivastava A, Srivastava AK, Mishra M, Shankar J, Agrahari A, Kamthan M, Singh PK, Yadav S, Parmar D. A proteomic approach to investigate enhanced responsiveness in rechallenged adult rats prenatally exposed to lindane. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:184-195. [PMID: 31330156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis was carried out in substantia nigra (SNi) and hippocampus (Hi) isolated from rat offspring born to mothers exposed to lindane (orally; 0.25 mg/kg) from gestation day 5 (GD5) to GD 21 and subsequently rechallenged (orally; 2.5 mg/kg X 21 days) at adulthood (12 weeks). 2D gel electrophoresis revealed no significant differences in the expression of proteins in brain regions isolated from prenatally exposed offspring at adulthood. Significantly greater magnitude of alterations was observed in the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial and energy metabolism, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, structural and axonal growth leading to increased oxidative stress in Hi and SNi isolated from rechallenged offspring when compared to control offspring treated postnatally with lindane. Western blotting and DNA laddering showed a greater magnitude of increase in apoptosis in the Hi and SNi of rechallenged offspring. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated disrupted mitochondrial integrity, synaptic disruption and necrotic structures in the brain region of rechallenged offspring. Neurobehavioral studies also demonstrated a greater magnitude of alterations in cognitive and motor functions in rechallenged rats. The data suggest that prenatal exposure of lindane induces persistent molecular changes in the nervous system of offspring which are unmasked leading to neurodegeneration following rechallenge at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Division, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Kumar Srivastava
- Developmental Toxicology Division, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Mishra
- Developmental Toxicology Division, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Jai Shankar
- Developmental Toxicology Division, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anita Agrahari
- Developmental Toxicology Division, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan Kamthan
- Developmental Toxicology Division, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Pradhyumna K Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Division, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Division, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Proteomic signatures of brain regions affected by tau pathology in early and late stages of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104509. [PMID: 31207390 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Depositions of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein are among the major pathological hallmarks of AD. Aβ and tau burden follows predictable spatial patterns during the progression of AD. Nevertheless, it remains obscure why certain brain regions are more vulnerable than others; to investigate this and dysregulated pathways during AD progression, a mass spectrometry-based proteomics study was performed. METHODS In total 103 tissue samples from regions early (entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices - medial temporal lobe (MTL)) and late affected (temporal and frontal cortices - neocortex) by tau pathology were subjected to label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. RESULTS Considering dysregulated proteins during AD progression, the majority (625 out of 737 proteins) was region specific, while some proteins were shared between regions (101 proteins altered in two areas and 11 proteins altered in three areas). Analogously, many dysregulated pathways during disease progression were exclusive to certain regions, but a few pathways altered in two or more areas. Changes in protein expression indicate that synapse loss occurred in all analyzed regions, while translation dysregulation was preponderant in entorhinal, parahippocampal and frontal cortices. Oxidative phosphorylation impairment was prominent in MTL. Differential proteomic analysis of brain areas in health state (controls) showed higher metabolism and increased expression of AD-related proteins in the MTL compared to the neocortex. In addition, several proteins that differentiate brain regions in control tissue were dysregulated in AD. CONCLUSIONS This work provides the comparison of proteomic changes in brain regions affected by tau pathology at different stages of AD. Although we identified commonly regulated proteins and pathways during disease advancement, we found that the dysregulated processes are predominantly region specific. In addition, a distinct proteomic signature was found between MTL and neocortex in healthy subjects that might be related to AD vulnerability. These findings highlight the need for investigating AD's cascade of events throughout the whole brain and studies spanning more brain areas are required to better understand AD etiology and region vulnerability to disease.
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Fleck D, Phu L, Verschueren E, Hinkle T, Reichelt M, Bhangale T, Haley B, Wang Y, Graham R, Kirkpatrick DS, Sheng M, Bingol B. PTCD1 Is Required for Mitochondrial Oxidative-Phosphorylation: Possible Genetic Association with Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4636-4656. [PMID: 30948477 PMCID: PMC6561697 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0116-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurons heavily rely on mitochondrial function, and deficits in brain energy metabolism are detected early in AD; however, direct human genetic evidence for mitochondrial involvement in AD pathogenesis is limited. We analyzed whole-exome sequencing data of 4549 AD cases and 3332 age-matched controls and discovered that rare protein altering variants in the gene pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein 1 (PTCD1) show a trend for enrichment in cases compared with controls. We show here that PTCD1 is required for normal mitochondrial rRNA levels, proper assembly of the mitochondrial ribosome and hence for mitochondrial translation and assembly of the electron transport chain. Loss of PTCD1 function impairs oxidative phosphorylation and forces cells to rely on glycolysis for energy production. Cells expressing the AD-linked variant of PTCD1 fail to sustain energy production under increased metabolic stress. In neurons, reduced PTCD1 expression leads to lower ATP levels and impacts spontaneous synaptic activity. Thus, our study uncovers a possible link between a protein required for mitochondrial function and energy metabolism and AD risk.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy and mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we identify a variant in the gene PTCD1 that is enriched in AD patients and demonstrate that PTCD1 is required for ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation. PTCD1 regulates the level of 16S rRNA, the backbone of the mitoribosome, and is essential for mitochondrial translation and assembly of the electron transport chain. Cells expressing the AD-associated variant fail to maintain adequate ATP production during metabolic stress, and reduced PTCD1 activity disrupts neuronal energy homeostasis and dampens spontaneous transmission. Our work provides a mechanistic link between a protein required for mitochondrial function and genetic AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian Phu
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics
| | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Haley
- Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
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Yu H, Jiang X, Lin X, Zhang Z, Wu D, Zhou L, Liu J, Yang X. Hippocampal Subcellular Organelle Proteomic Alteration of Copper-Treated Mice. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:250-263. [PMID: 29617964 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper neurotoxicity has been implicated in multiple neurological diseases. However, there is a lack of deep understanding on copper neurotoxicity, especially for low-dose copper exposure. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic, low-dose copper treatment (0.13 ppm copper chloride in drinking water) on hippocampal mitochondrial and nuclear proteome in mice by 2-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Behavioral tests revealed that low-dose copper caused spatial memory impairment, DNA oxidative damage as well as loss of synaptic proteins. Proteomic analysis revealed modulation of 31 hippocampal mitochondrial proteins (15 increased and 16 decreased), and 46 hippocampal nuclear proteins (18 increased and 28 decreased) in copper-treated versus untreated mice. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins are mainly involved energy metabolism (NDUV1, COX5B, IDH3A, and PGAM1), synapses (complexin-2, synapsin-2), DNA damage (PDIA3), apoptosis (GRP75), and oxidative stress (SODC, PRDX3). Among these differentially expressed proteins, synapsin-2, a synaptic-related protein, was found to be significantly decreased as confirmed by Western-blot analysis. In addition, we found that superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (SODC), a copper ion target protein, was identified to be decreased in copper-treated mice versus untreated mice. We also found that stathmin (STMN1), a microtubule-destabilizing neuroprotein, was significantly decreased in hippocampal nuclei of copper-treated mice versus untreated mice. Taken together, we conclude that low-dose copper exposure causes spatial memory impairment and perturbs multiple biological/pathogenic processes by dysregulating the mitochondrial and nuclear proteome, particularly the proteins related to respiratory chain, synaptic vesicle fusion, axonal/neurtic integrity, and oxidative stress. The change of STMN1 and SODC may represent early novel biomarkers of copper neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou, Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2105607. [PMID: 31210837 PMCID: PMC6532273 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age is the main risk factor for a number of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which increasing numbers of elderly individuals suffer. These pathological conditions are characterized by progressive loss of neuron cells, compromised motor or cognitive functions, and accumulation of abnormally aggregated proteins. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main features of the aging process, particularly in organs requiring a high-energy source such as the heart, muscles, brain, or liver. Neurons rely almost exclusively on the mitochondria, which produce the energy required for most of the cellular processes, including synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter synthesis. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and damage, because of its high oxygen consumption, low antioxidant defenses, and high content of polyunsaturated fats very prone to be oxidized. Thus, it is not surprising the importance of protecting systems, including antioxidant defenses, to maintain neuronal integrity and survival. Here, we review the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the aging process, with a specific focus on neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving mitochondria and oxidative stress in the aging and neurodegeneration may help to identify new strategies for improving the health and extending lifespan.
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Sharma N, Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Arena A, Blarzino C, Cassano T, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Barone E. Loss of biliverdin reductase-A favors Tau hyper-phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:176-189. [PMID: 30738142 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyper-active GSK-3β favors Tau phosphorylation during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Akt is one of the main kinases inhibiting GSK-3β and its activation occurs in response to neurotoxic stimuli including, i.e., oxidative stress. Biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) is a scaffold protein favoring the Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β. Reduced BVR-A levels along with increased oxidative stress were observed early in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice (at 6 months), thus suggesting that loss of BVR-A could be a limiting factor in the oxidative stress-induced Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β in AD. We evaluated changes of BVR-A, Akt, GSK-3β, oxidative stress and Tau phosphorylation levels: (a) in brain from young (6-months) and old (12-months) 3xTg-AD mice; and (b) in post-mortem inferior parietal lobule (IPL) samples from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), from AD and from age-matched controls. Furthermore, similar analyses were performed in vitro in cells lacking BVR-A and treated with H2O2. Reduced BVR-A levels along with: (a) increased oxidative stress; (b) reduced GSK-3β inhibition; and (c) increased Tau Ser404 phosphorylation (target of GSK-3β activity) without changes of Akt activation in young mice, were observed. Similar findings were obtained in MCI, consistent with the notion that this is a molecular mechanism disrupted in humans. Interestingly, cells lacking BVR-A and treated with H2O2 showed reduced GSK-3β inhibition and increased Tau Ser404 phosphorylation, which resulted from a defect of Akt and GSK-3β physical interaction. Reduced levels of Akt/GSK-3β complex were confirmed in both young 3xTg-AD and MCI brain. We demonstrated that loss of BVR-A impairs the neuroprotective Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β in response to oxidative stress, thus contributing to Tau hyper-phosphorylation in early stage AD. Such changes potential provide promising therapeutic targets for this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Carla Blarzino
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via L. Pinto, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
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36
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Hsp70 interactions with membrane lipids regulate cellular functions in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:18-30. [PMID: 30710597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beyond guarding the cellular proteome the major stress inducible heat shock protein Hsp70 has been shown to interact with lipids. Non-cytosolic Hsp70 stabilizes membranes during stress challenges and, in pathophysiological states, facilitates endocytosis, counteracts apoptotic mechanisms, sustains survival pathways or represents a signal that can be recognized by the immune system. Disease-coupled lipid-associated functions of Hsp70 may be targeted via distinct subcellular localizations of Hsp70 itself or its specific interacting lipids. With a special focus on interacting lipids, here we discuss localization-dependent roles of the membrane-bound Hsp70 in the context of its therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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38
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Mahaman YAR, Huang F, Kessete Afewerky H, Maibouge TMS, Ghose B, Wang X. Involvement of calpain in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:608-630. [PMID: 30260518 PMCID: PMC6585958 DOI: 10.1002/med.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common (60% to 80%) age‐related disease associated with dementia and is characterized by a deterioration of behavioral and cognitive capacities leading to death in few years after diagnosis, mainly due to complications from chronic illness. The characteristic hallmarks of the disease are extracellular senile plaques (SPs) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) with neuropil threads, which are a direct result of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing to Aβ, and τ hyperphosphorylation. However, many indirect underlying processes play a role in this event. One of these underlying mechanisms leading to these histological hallmarks is the uncontrolled hyperactivation of a family of cysteine proteases called calpains. Under normal physiological condition calpains participate in many processes of cells’ life and their activation is tightly controlled. However, with an increase in age, increased oxidative stress and other excitotoxicity assaults, this regulatory system becomes impaired and result in increased activation of these proteases involving them in the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurodegeneration like AD. Reviewed here is a pool of data on the implication of calpains in the pathogenesis of AD, the underlying molecular mechanism, and the potential of targeting these enzymes for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Henok Kessete Afewerky
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tanko Mahamane Salissou Maibouge
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Keeney JTR, Ren X, Warrier G, Noel T, Powell DK, Brelsfoard JM, Sultana R, Saatman KE, Clair DKS, Butterfield DA. Doxorubicin-induced elevated oxidative stress and neurochemical alterations in brain and cognitive decline: protection by MESNA and insights into mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment ("chemobrain"). Oncotarget 2018; 9:30324-30339. [PMID: 30100992 PMCID: PMC6084398 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is now widely recognized as a real and too common complication of cancer chemotherapy experienced by an ever-growing number of cancer survivors. Previously, we reported that doxorubicin (Dox), a prototypical reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing anti-cancer drug, results in oxidation of plasma proteins, including apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) leading to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-mediated oxidative stress in plasma and brain. We also reported that co-administration of the antioxidant drug, 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA), prevents Dox-induced protein oxidation and subsequent TNF-α elevation in plasma. In this study, we measured oxidative stress in both brain and plasma of Dox-treated mice both with and without MESNA. MESNA ameliorated Dox-induced oxidative protein damage in plasma, confirming our prior studies, and in a new finding led to decreased oxidative stress in brain. This study also provides further functional and biochemical evidence of the mechanisms of CICI. Using novel object recognition (NOR), we demonstrated the Dox administration resulted in memory deficits, an effect that was rescued by MESNA. Using hydrogen magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy (H1-MRS) techniques, we demonstrated that Dox administration led to a dramatic decrease in choline-containing compounds assessed by (Cho)/creatine ratios in the hippocampus in mice. To better elucidate a potential mechanism for this MRS observation, we tested the activities of the phospholipase enzymes known to act on phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), a key component of phospholipid membranes and a source of choline for the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh). The activities of both phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and phospholipase D were severely diminished following Dox administration. The activity of PC-PLC was preserved when MESNA was co-administered with Dox; however, PLD activity was not protected. This study is the first to demonstrate the protective effects of MESNA on Dox-related protein oxidation, cognitive decline, phosphocholine (PCho) levels, and PC-PLC activity in brain and suggests novel potential therapeutic targets and strategies to mitigate CICI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojia Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Govind Warrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Teresa Noel
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David K. Powell
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Brelsfoard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Saatman
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Daret K. St. Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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40
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Kijewska M, Waliczek M, Cal M, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M, Król M, Kołodziej M, Lisowski M, Stefanowicz P, Szewczuk Z. Solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing aminoadipic semialdehyde moiety and their cyclisations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10462. [PMID: 29993003 PMCID: PMC6041278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological levels of oxidative stress (OS) have been implicated in many diseases including diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Studies of oxidative stress are however complicated by the low concentration of oxidation products. To resolve this problem, we tested a new derivative of aminoadipic semialdehyde (Fmoc-Aea-OH) in the solid-phase synthesis of carbonylated peptides. We prepared a series of peptides with free and acetylated N-terminal amino groups using the Fmoc-Aea-OH reagent. LC-MS, ESI-MS, and MS/MS spectra confirmed the sequences of the modified peptides, although the LC-MS and ESI-MS spectra were dominated by signals corresponding to dehydration products. NMR studies of acetylated products revealed that the dominant product formed in this reaction contains a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid residue. Another side reaction in this system was the cleavage of the amide bond between the Aea residue and the amino acid moiety preceding it resulting in the formation of a side product with a six-membered ring at the N-terminus (2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid residue). We found that, depending on the peptide sequence, one of those side products is predominant. Our work suggests new methods for the solid-state synthesis of peptides containing unnatural amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kijewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Waliczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Cal
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Król
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Kołodziej
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Lisowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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41
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Dalle-Donne I, Colombo G, Gornati R, Garavaglia ML, Portinaro N, Giustarini D, Bernardini G, Rossi R, Milzani A. Protein Carbonylation in Human Smokers and Mammalian Models of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke: Focus on Redox Proteomic Studies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:406-426. [PMID: 27393565 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is one mechanism whereby tobacco smoking affects human health, as reflected by increased levels of several biomarkers of oxidative stress/damage isolated from tissues and biological fluids of active and passive smokers. Many investigations of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced oxidative stress/damage have been carried out in mammalian animal and cellular models of exposure to CS. Animal models allow the investigation of many parameters that are similar to those measured in human smokers. In vitro cell models may provide new information on molecular and functional differences between cells of smokers and nonsmokers. Recent Advances: Over the past decade or so, a growing number of researches highlighted that CS induces protein carbonylation in different tissues and body fluids of smokers as well as in in vivo and in vitro models of exposure to CS. CRITICAL ISSUES We review recent findings on protein carbonylation in smokers and models thereof, focusing on redox proteomic studies. We also discuss the relevance and limitations of these models of exposure to CS and critically assess the congruence between the smoker's condition and laboratory models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of protein targets is crucial for understanding the mechanism(s) by which carbonylated proteins accumulate and potentially affect cellular functions. Recent progress in redox proteomics allows the enrichment, identification, and characterization of specific oxidative protein modifications, including carbonylation. Therefore, redox proteomics can be a powerful tool to gain new insights into the onset and/or progression of CS-related diseases and to develop strategies to prevent and/or treat them. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 406-426.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graziano Colombo
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- 2 Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese, Italy
| | - Maria L Garavaglia
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Portinaro
- 3 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano and Pediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bernardini
- 2 Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- 4 Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena , Siena, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
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42
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Di Domenico F, Barone E, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. The Triangle of Death in Alzheimer's Disease Brain: The Aberrant Cross-Talk Among Energy Metabolism, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling, and Protein Homeostasis Revealed by Redox Proteomics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:364-387. [PMID: 27626216 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder and represents one of the most disabling conditions. AD shares many features in common with systemic insulin resistance diseases, suggesting that it can be considered as a metabolic disease, characterized by reduced insulin-stimulated growth and survival signaling, increased oxidative stress (OS), proinflammatory cytokine activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired energy metabolism, and altered protein homeostasis. Recent Advances: Reduced glucose utilization and energy metabolism in AD have been associated with the buildup of amyloid-β peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau, increased OS, and the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is aberrantly activated in AD since early stages, plays a key role during AD neurodegeneration by, on one side, inhibiting insulin signaling as a negative feedback mechanism and, on the other side, regulating protein homeostasis (synthesis/clearance). CRITICAL ISSUES It is likely that the concomitant and mutual alterations of energy metabolism-mTOR signaling-protein homeostasis might represent a self-sustaining triangle of harmful events that trigger the degeneration and death of neurons and the development and progression of AD. Intriguingly, the altered cross-talk between the components of such a triangle of death, beyond altering the redox homeostasis of the neuron, is further exacerbated by increased levels of OS that target and impair key components of the pathways involved. Redox proteomic studies in human samples and animal models of AD-like dementia led to identification of oxidatively modified components of the pathways composing the triangle of death, therefore revealing the crucial role of OS in fueling this aberrant vicious cycle. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of compounds able to restore the function of the pathways targeted by oxidative damage might represent a valuable therapeutic approach to slow or delay AD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 364-387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy .,2 Facultad de Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- 3 Department of Chemistry, Sanders-Brown Center of Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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43
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Masuda K, Tanaka Y, Kanehisa M, Ninomiya T, Inoue A, Higuma H, Kawashima C, Nakanishi M, Okamoto K, Akiyoshi J. Natural reduced water suppressed anxiety and protected the heightened oxidative stress in rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2357-2362. [PMID: 28932120 PMCID: PMC5598750 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s138289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, the effects of reduced water, such as hydrogen-rich electrolyzed reduced water and natural reduced water, like Hita Tenryosui water®, have been examined. The purpose of the present study was to identify the role of natural reduced water in anxiety and blood biochemical analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Natural reduced water and distilled water were administered to rats for 180 consecutive days, and their effect on anxiety-like behavior and depression was examined by using elevated plus maze, light/dark, forced swimming, and conditioned fear tests. Before and after administration of natural reduced or distilled water, we performed blood and urine analyses. RESULTS Natural reduced water exhibited anxiolytic-like effects in the conditioned fear and elevated plus maze tests. The mean levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the natural reduced water were significantly lower than the distilled water group. Natural reduced water group also showed decrease in blood-urea nitrogen levels compared with the distilled water group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that natural reduced water may decrease anxiety-related behaviors and prevent heightened oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Masuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanehisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Taiga Ninomiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Ayako Inoue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Haruka Higuma
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Chiwa Kawashima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Mari Nakanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Kana Okamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Jotaro Akiyoshi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Oita, Japan
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44
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Can 'calpain-cathepsin hypothesis' explain Alzheimer neuronal death? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:169-179. [PMID: 27306474 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are highly specialized post-mitotic cells, so their homeostasis and survival depend on the tightly-regulated, continuous protein degradation, synthesis, and turnover. In neurons, autophagy is indispensable to facilitate recycling of long-lived, damaged proteins and organelles in a lysosome-dependent manner. Since lysosomal proteolysis under basal conditions performs an essential housekeeping function, inhibition of the proteolysis exacerbates level of neurodegeneration. The latter is characterized by an accumulation of abnormal proteins or organelles within autophagic vacuoles which reveal as 'granulo-vacuolar degenerations' on microscopy. Heat-shock protein70.1 (Hsp70.1), as a means of molecular chaperone and lysosomal stabilizer, is a potent survival protein that confers neuroprotection against diverse stimuli, but its depletion induces neurodegeneration via autophagy failure. In response to hydroxynonenal generated from linoleic or arachidonic acids by the reactive oxygen species, a specific oxidative injury 'carbonylation' occurs at the key site Arg469 of Hsp70.1. Oxidative stress-induced carbonylation of Hsp70.1, in coordination with the calpain-mediated cleavage, leads to lysosomal destabilization/rupture and release of cathepsins with the resultant neuronal death. Hsp70.1 carbonylation which occurs anywhere in the brain is indispensable for neuronal death, but extent of calpain activation should be more crucial for determining the cell death fate. Importantly, not only acute ischemia during stroke but also chronic ischemia due to ageing may cause calpain activation. Here, role of Hsp70.1-mediated lysosomal rupture is discussed by comparing ischemic and Alzheimer neuronal death. A common neuronal death cascade may exist between cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease.
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45
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Roberts JH, Liu F, Karnuta JM, Fitzgerald MC. Discovery of Age-Related Protein Folding Stability Differences in the Mouse Brain Proteome. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4731-4741. [PMID: 27806573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Described here is the application of thermodynamic stability measurements to study age-related differences in the folding and stability of proteins in a rodent model of aging. Thermodynamic stability profiles were generated for 809 proteins in brain cell lysates from mice, aged 6 (n = 7) and 18 months (n = 9) using the Stability of Proteins from Rates of Oxidation (SPROX) technique. The biological variability of the protein stability measurements was low and within the experimental error of SPROX. A total of 83 protein hits were detected with age-related stability differences in the brain samples. Remarkably, the large majority of the brain protein hits were destabilized in the old mice, and the hits were enriched in proteins that have slow turnover rates (p < 0.07). Furthermore, 70% of the hits have been previously linked to aging or age-related diseases. These results help validate the use of thermodynamic stability measurements to capture relevant age-related proteomic changes and establish a new biophysical link between these proteins and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jaret M Karnuta
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael C Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Gu L, Robinson RAS. Proteomic approaches to quantify cysteine reversible modifications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1159-1177. [PMID: 27666938 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is a highly reactive amino acid and is subject to a variety of reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs), including nitrosylation, glutathionylation, palmitoylation, as well as formation of sulfenic acid and disulfides. These modifications are not only involved in normal biological activities, such as enzymatic catalysis, redox signaling, and cellular homeostasis, but can also be the result of oxidative damage. Especially in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress leads to aberrant cysteine oxidations that affect protein structure and function leading to neurodegeneration as well as other detrimental effects. Methods that can identify cysteine modifications by type, including the site of modification, as well as the relative stoichiometry of the modification can be very helpful for understanding the role of the thiol proteome and redox homeostasis in the context of disease. Cysteine reversible modifications however, are challenging to investigate as they are low abundant, diverse, and labile especially under endogenous conditions. Thanks to the development of redox proteomic approaches, large-scale quantification of cysteine reversible modifications is possible. These approaches cover a range of strategies to enrich, identify, and quantify cysteine reversible modifications from biological samples. This review will focus on nongel-based redox proteomics workflows that give quantitative information about cysteine PTMs and highlight how these strategies have been useful for investigating the redox thiol proteome in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abou-Abbass H, Abou-El-Hassan H, Bahmad H, Zibara K, Zebian A, Youssef R, Ismail J, Zhu R, Zhou S, Dong X, Nasser M, Bahmad M, Darwish H, Mechref Y, Kobeissy F. Glycosylation and other PTMs alterations in neurodegenerative diseases: Current status and future role in neurotrauma. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1549-61. [PMID: 26957254 PMCID: PMC4962686 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) present a chief public health threat affecting nations worldwide. As numbers of patients afflicted by TBI are expected to rise, the necessity to increase our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism(s) as a result of TBI mounts. TBI is known to augment the risk of developing a number of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Hence, it is rational to assume that a common mechanistic ground links the pathophysiology of NDs to that of TBIs. Through this review, we aim to identify the protein-protein interactions, differential proteins expression, and PTMs, mainly glycosylation, that are involved in the pathogenesis of both ND and TBI. OVID and PubMed have been rigorously searched to identify studies that utilized advanced proteomic platforms (MS based) and systems biology tools to unfold the mechanism(s) behind ND in an attempt to unveil the mysterious biological processes that occur postinjury. Various PTMs have been found to be common between TBI and AD, whereas no similarities have been found between TBI and PD. Phosphorylated tau protein, glycosylated amyloid precursor protein, and many other modifications appear to be common in both TBI and AD. PTMs, differential protein profiles, and altered biological pathways appear to have critical roles in ND processes by interfering with their pathological condition in a manner similar to TBI. Advancement in glycoproteomic studies pertaining to ND and TBI is urgently needed in order to develop better diagnostic tools, therapies, and more favorable prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Abou-Abbass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hisham Bahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045 - Laboratory of Stem Cells, DSST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abir Zebian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabab Youssef
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joy Ismail
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mayse Nasser
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Bahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Darwish
- Faculty of Medicine-School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Redox Proteomic Profiling of Specifically Carbonylated Proteins in the Serum of Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:469. [PMID: 27077851 PMCID: PMC4848925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key event in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To investigate the role of oxidative stress in AD and to search for potential biomarkers in peripheral blood, serums were collected in this study from the 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old triple transgenic AD mice (3×Tg-AD mice) and the age- and sex-matched non-transgenic (non-Tg) littermates. The serum oxidized proteins were quantified by slot-blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate the total levels of serum protein carbonyl groups. Western blotting, in conjunction with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-Oxyblot), was employed to identify and quantify the specifically-carbonylated proteins in the serum of 3×Tg-AD mice. The results showed that the levels of serum protein carbonyls were increased in the three month old 3×Tg-AD mice compared with the non-Tg control mice, whereas no significant differences were observed in the six and 12 months old AD mice, suggesting that oxidative stress is an early event in AD progression. With the application of 2D-Oxyblot analysis, (immunoglobin) Ig gamma-2B chain C region (IGH-3), Ig lambda-2 chain C region (IGLC2), Ig kappa chain C region (IGKC), and Ig kappa chain V-V region HP R16.7 were identified as significantly oxidized proteins compared with the control. Among them IGH-3 and IGKC were validated via immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Identification of oxidized proteins in the serums of 3×Tg-AD mice can not only reveal potential roles of those proteins in the pathogenesis of AD but also provide potential biomarkers of AD at the early stage.
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Herbert MK, Verbeek MM, Küsters B, Kuiperij HB. A multifunctional ELISA to measure oxidised proteins: oxPin1 in Alzheimer's brain as an example. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 4:1-6. [PMID: 26673529 PMCID: PMC4661596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and evidence suggests that specific proteins are oxidised in individual diseases. Thus measures of oxidised proteins such as in human biological samples could represent potential disease-specific biomarkers. Protein carbonylation is considered to be an important marker of oxidative stress. In AD in particular, the peptidyl prolyl isomerase, Pin1, has been shown to be sensitive to metal-catalysed oxidation with the addition of carbonyl side-chains. Methods Based on this protein modification we developed a novel, enzyme-linked sandwich immunoassay for the quantification of oxidised Pin1 (oxPin1) in human brain tissue samples. Results We successfully developed an ELISA for the measurement of oxidised Pin1 in biological samples and measured oxPin1 in hippocampal tissue extracts from controls and AD, which showed an increased ratio of oxPin1 to total Pin1 in patients with early AD pathology compared with controls. Conclusions We show that oxidised proteins, in this case oxPin1, can be measured using the developed ELISA. In addition, our results support the presence of increased oxidative stress in the early stages of AD pathology and show that the oxPin1/Pin1 ratio could indicate early stage pathology. This warrants further investigation in other biological fluids. General significance Importantly, further development and adaption of the assay design will enable multi-functional use for the quantification of oxidised proteins in tissues and biological fluids that may be used in investigating the role of oxidised proteins in a range of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in which disease-specific protein oxidation has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. Herbert
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain,
Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Donders Institute for
Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, The
Netherlands
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain,
Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Donders Institute for
Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, The
Netherlands
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre,
Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical
Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H. Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain,
Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Donders Institute for
Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, The
Netherlands
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Cysteine proteases as therapeutic targets: does selectivity matter? A systematic review of calpain and cathepsin inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:506-19. [PMID: 26713267 PMCID: PMC4675809 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteases continue to provide validated targets for treatment of human diseases. In neurodegenerative disorders, multiple cysteine proteases provide targets for enzyme inhibitors, notably caspases, calpains, and cathepsins. The reactive, active-site cysteine provides specificity for many inhibitor designs over other families of proteases, such as aspartate and serine; however, a) inhibitor strategies often use covalent enzyme modification, and b) obtaining selectivity within families of cysteine proteases and their isozymes is problematic. This review provides a general update on strategies for cysteine protease inhibitor design and a focus on cathepsin B and calpain 1 as drug targets for neurodegenerative disorders; the latter focus providing an interesting query for the contemporary assumptions that irreversible, covalent protein modification and low selectivity are anathema to therapeutic safety and efficacy.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer׳s disease
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- APP, amyloid precursor protein
- APP/PS1, Aβ overexpressing mice APP (K670N/M671L) and PS1 (M146L) mutants
- Ala, alanine
- Alzheimer׳s disease
- AppLon, London familial amyloid precursor protein mutation, APP (V717I)
- AppSwe, Swedish amyloid precursor protein mutation, APP (K670N/M671L)
- Arg, arginine
- Aβ, amyloid β
- Aβ1-42, amyloid β, 42 amino acid protein
- BACE-1, β-amyloid cleaving enzyme
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CANP, calcium-activated neutral protease
- CNS, central nervous system
- CREB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II
- Calpain
- Cathepsin
- Cdk5/p35, activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5
- Cysteine protease
- DTT, dithioerythritol
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
- Enzyme inhibitors
- GSH, glutathione
- Gln, glutamine
- Glu, glutamic acid
- Gly, glutamine
- Hsp70.1, heat shock protein 70.1
- Ile, isoleucine
- KO, knockout
- Leu, leucine
- Lys, lysine
- MAP-2, microtubule-associated protein 2
- MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9
- Met, methionine
- NFT, neurofibrilliary tangles
- Neurodegeneration
- Nle, norleucine
- PD, Parkinson׳s disease
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PTP1B, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- Phe, phenylalanine
- Pro, proline
- SP, senile plaques
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Thr, threonine
- Tyr, tyrosine
- Val, valine
- WRX, Trp-Arg containing epoxysuccinate cysteine protease inhibitor
- WT, wildtype
- isoAsp, isoaspartate
- pGlu, pyroglutamate
- pyroGluAβ, pyroglutamate-amyloid β
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