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Abate G, Pezzotta A, Pucci M, Bortolotto V, Ribaudo G, Bonini SA, Mastinu A, Maccarinelli G, Ongaro A, Tirelli E, Zizioli D, Gianoncelli A, Memo M, Grilli M, Uberti D. The Bioactive Gamma-Oryzanol from Oryza sativa L. Promotes Neuronal Differentiation in Different In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:969. [PMID: 39199215 PMCID: PMC11352202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma-oryzanol (ORY), found in rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a mixture of ferulic acid esters with triterpene alcohols, well-known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our past research demonstrated its positive impact on cognitive function in adult mice, influencing synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. In this study, we explored whether ORY can exert neuro-differentiating effects by using different experimental models. For this purpose, chemical characterization identified four components that are most abundant in ORY. In human neuroblastoma cells, we showed ORY's ability to stimulate neurite outgrowth, upregulating the expression of GAP43, BDNF, and TrkB genes. In addition, ORY was found to guide adult mouse hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) toward a neuronal commitment. Microinjection of ORY in zebrafish Tg (-3.1 neurog1:GFP) amplified neurog1-GFP signal, islet1, and bdnf mRNA levels. Zebrafish nrf2a and nrf2b morphants (MOs) were utilized to assess ORY effects in the presence or absence of Nrf2. Notably, ORY's ability to activate bdnf was nullified in nrf2a-MO and nrf2b-MO. Furthermore, computational analysis suggested ORY's single components have different affinities for the Keap1-Kelch domain. In conclusion, although more in-depth studies are needed, our findings position ORY as a potential source of bioactive molecules with neuro-differentiating potential involving the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Alex Pezzotta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Mariachiara Pucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Valeria Bortolotto
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.B.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Sara A. Bonini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Giuseppina Maccarinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Alberto Ongaro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Emanuela Tirelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Daniela Zizioli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.B.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (G.A.); (G.R.); (S.A.B.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (A.O.); (E.T.); (D.Z.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (D.U.)
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Bailly C. Covalent binding of withanolides to cysteines of protein targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116405. [PMID: 38969301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Withanolides represent an important category of natural products with a steroidal lactone core. Many of them contain an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety with a high reactivity toward sulfhydryl groups, including protein cysteine thiols. Different withanolides endowed with marked antitumor and anti-inflammatory have been shown to form stable covalent complexes with exposed cysteines present in the active site of oncogenic kinases (BTK, IKKβ, Zap70), metabolism enzymes (Prdx-1/6, Pin1, PHGDH), transcription factors (Nrf2, NFκB, C/EBPβ) and other structural and signaling molecules (GFAP, β-tubulin, p97, Hsp90, vimentin, Mpro, IPO5, NEMO, …). The present review analyzed the covalent complexes formed through Michael addition alkylation reactions between six major withanolides (withaferin A, physalin A, withangulatin A, 4β-hydroxywithanolide E, withanone and tubocapsanolide A) and key cysteine residues of about 20 proteins and the resulting biological effects. The covalent conjugation of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system of withanolides with reactive protein thiols can occur with a large set of soluble and membrane proteins. It points to a general mechanism, well described with the leading natural product withaferin A, but likely valid for most withanolides harboring a reactive (electrophilic) enone moiety susceptible to react covalently with cysteinyl residues of proteins. The multiplicity of reactive proteins should be taken into account when studying the mechanism of action of new withanolides. Proteomic and network analyses shall be implemented to capture and compare the cysteine covalent-binding map for the major withanolides, so as to identify the protein targets at the origin of their activity and/or unwanted effects. Screening of the cysteinome will help understanding the mechanism of action and designing cysteine-reactive electrophilic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, OncoLille Institute, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, F-59006 Lille, France; OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, F-59290 Lille, France.
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3
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Yu Q, Wang Z, Tu Y, Cao Y, Zhu H, Shao J, Zhuang R, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Proteasome activation: A novel strategy for targeting undruggable intrinsically disordered proteins. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107217. [PMID: 38368657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by their inability to adopt well-defined tertiary structures under physiological conditions. Nonetheless, they often play pivotal roles in the progression of various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular ailments. Owing to their inherent dynamism, conventional drug design approaches based on structural considerations encounter substantial challenges when applied to IDPs. Consequently, the pursuit of therapeutic interventions directed towards IDPs presents a complex endeavor. While there are indeed existing methodologies for targeting IDPs, they are encumbered by noteworthy constrains. Hence, there exists an imminent imperative to investigate more efficacious and universally applicable strategies for modulating IDPs. Here, we present an overview of the latest advancements in the research pertaining to IDPs, along with the indirect regulation approach involving the modulation of IDP degradation through proteasome. By comprehending these advancements in research, novel insights can be generated to facilitate the development of new drugs targeted at addressing the accumulation of IDPs in diverse pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yutong Tu
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huajian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yubo Zhou
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Ibrahim L, Stanton C, Nutsch K, Nguyen T, Li-Ma C, Ko Y, Lander GC, Wiseman RL, Bollong MJ. Succinylation of a KEAP1 sensor lysine promotes NRF2 activation. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1295-1302.e4. [PMID: 37619563 PMCID: PMC10592117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cross talk between metabolism and stress-responsive signaling is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. This cross talk is often achieved through covalent modification of proteins by endogenous, reactive metabolites that regulate key stress-responsive transcription factors like NRF2. Metabolites including methylglyoxal, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, fumarate, and itaconate covalently modify sensor cysteines of the NRF2 repressor KEAP1, resulting in stabilization of NRF2 and activation of its cytoprotective transcriptional program. Here, we employed a shRNA-based screen targeting the enzymes of central carbon metabolism to identify additional regulatory nodes bridging metabolism to NRF2 activation. Succinic anhydride, increased by genetic depletion of the TCA cycle enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase or by direct administration, results in N-succinylation of lysine 131 of KEAP1 to activate NRF2 signaling. This study identifies KEAP1 as capable of sensing reactive metabolites not only by several cysteine residues but also by a conserved lysine residue, indicating its potential to sense an expanded repertoire of reactive metabolic messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caroline Stanton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kayla Nutsch
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chloris Li-Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yeonjin Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel C Lander
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Michael J Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. The bridge between cell survival and cell death: reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular stress. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:520-555. [PMID: 37534225 PMCID: PMC10390897 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As a requirement of aerobic metabolism, regulation of redox homeostasis is indispensable for the continuity of living homeostasis and life. Since the stability of the redox state is necessary for the maintenance of the biological functions of the cells, the balance between the pro-oxidants, especially ROS and the antioxidant capacity is kept in balance in the cells through antioxidant defense systems. The pleiotropic transcription factor, Nrf2, is the master regulator of the antioxidant defense system. Disruption of redox homeostasis leads to oxidative and reductive stress, bringing about multiple pathophysiological conditions. Oxidative stress characterized by high ROS levels causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cell death, while reductive stress characterized by low ROS levels disrupt physiological cell functions. The fact that ROS, which were initially attributed as harmful products of aerobic metabolism, at the same time function as signal molecules at non-toxic levels and play a role in the adaptive response called mithormesis points out that ROS have a dose-dependent effect on cell fate determination. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Inguscio CR, Dalla Pozza E, Dando I, Boschi F, Tabaracci G, Angelini O, Picotti PM, Malatesta M, Cisterna B. Mitochondrial Features of Mouse Myoblasts Are Finely Tuned by Low Doses of Ozone: The Evidence In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108900. [PMID: 37240245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mild oxidative stress induced by low doses of gaseous ozone (O3) activates the antioxidant cell response through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thus inducing beneficial effects without cell damage. Mitochondria are sensitive to mild oxidative stress and represent a susceptible O3 target. In this in vitro study, we investigated the mitochondrial response to low O3 doses in the immortalized, non-tumoral muscle C2C12 cells; a multimodal approach including fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and biochemistry was used. Results demonstrated that mitochondrial features are finely tuned by low O3 doses. The O3 concentration of 10 μg maintained normal levels of mitochondria-associated Nrf2, promoted the mitochondrial increase of size and cristae extension, reduced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented cell death. Conversely, in 20 μg O3-treated cells, where the association of Nrf2 with the mitochondria drastically dropped, mitochondria underwent more significant swelling, and ROS and cell death increased. This study, therefore, adds original evidence for the involvement of Nrf2 in the dose-dependent response to low O3 concentrations not only as an Antioxidant Response Elements (ARE) gene activator but also as a regulatory/protective factor of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rita Inguscio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Cisterna
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
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Ibrahim L, Stanton C, Nutsch K, Nguyen T, Li-Ma C, Ko Y, Lander GC, Wiseman RL, Bollong MJ. Succinylation of a KEAP1 sensor lysine promotes NRF2 activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.08.539908. [PMID: 37215033 PMCID: PMC10197519 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk between metabolism and stress-responsive signaling is essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis. One way this crosstalk is achieved is through the covalent modification of proteins by endogenous, reactive metabolites that regulate the activity of key stress-responsive transcription factors such as NRF2. Several metabolites including methylglyoxal, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, fumarate, and itaconate covalently modify sensor cysteines of the NRF2 regulatory protein KEAP1, resulting in stabilization of NRF2 and activation of its cytoprotective transcriptional program. Here, we employed a shRNA-based screen targeting the enzymes of central carbon metabolism to identify additional regulatory nodes bridging metabolic pathways to NRF2 activation. We found that succinic anhydride, increased by genetic depletion of the TCA cycle enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase or by direct administration, results in N-succinylation of lysine 131 of KEAP1 to activate NRF2 transcriptional signaling. This study identifies KEAP1 as capable of sensing reactive metabolites not only by several cysteine residues but also by a conserved lysine residue, indicating its potential to sense an expanded repertoire of reactive metabolic messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Caroline Stanton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kayla Nutsch
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Chloris Li-Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Yeonjin Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Gabriel C. Lander
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Wan H, Cai Y, Xiao L, Ling Y, Ge L, Mo S, Xie Q, Peng S, Zhou B, Zeng X, Chen X. JFD, a Novel Natural Inhibitor of Keap1 Alkylation, Suppresses Intracellular Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Growth through Keap1/Nrf2/SOD2-Mediated ROS Accumulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:6726654. [PMID: 36819778 PMCID: PMC9937762 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6726654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
It is an effective strategy to treat tuberculosis by enhancing reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) mediated killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages, but there are no current therapeutic agents targeting this pathway. Honeysuckle has been used as the traditional medicine for tuberculosis treatment for 1500 years. Japoflavone D (JFD) is a novel biflavonoid isolated from Honeysuckle promoting ROS accumulation by Nrf2 pathway in hepatocarcinoma cells. However, its activity to kill M. tuberculosis in macrophages and molecular mechanism has not been reported. Our results showed that JFD enhances the M. tuberculosis elimination by boosting ROS levels in THP-1 cells. Moreover, the massive ROS accumulation activates p38 to induce apoptosis. Notably, the mechanism revealed that JFD suppresses the nuclear transport of Nrf2, thereby inhibiting SOD2 transcription, leading to a large ROS accumulation. Further studies showed that JFD disrupts the Keap1 alkylation at specific residues Cys14, Cys257, and Cys319, which is crucial for Nrf2 activation, thereby interrupts the nuclear transport of Nrf2. In pharmacokinetic study, JFD can stay as the prototype for 24 h in mice and can be excreted in feces without any toxicity. Our data reveal for the first time that a novel biflavonoid JFD as a potent inhibitor of Keap1 alkylation can suppress the nuclear transport of Nrf2. And it is the first research of the inhibitor of Keap1 alkylation. Furthermore, JFD robustly promotes M. tuberculosis elimination from macrophages by inhibiting Keap1/Nrf2/SOD2 pathway, resulting in the ROS accumulation. This work identified Keap1 alkylation as a new drug target for tuberculosis and provides a preliminary basis for the development of antituberculosis lead compounds based on JFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Wan
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingyun Xiao
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Ling
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lanlan Ge
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siwei Mo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiujie Xie
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shusong Peng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong Province, China
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Hong J, Kim Y. Fatty Liver/Adipose Tissue Dual-Targeting Nanoparticles with Heme Oxygenase-1 Inducer for Amelioration of Obesity, Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes, and Steatohepatitis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203286. [PMID: 36209391 PMCID: PMC9685446 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Persistent uptake of high-calorie diets induces the storage of excessive lipid in visceral adipose tissue. Lipids secreted from obese adipose tissue are accumulated in peripheral tissues such as the liver, pancreas, and muscle, and impair insulin sensitivity causing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and lipids in the liver induces apoptosis and fibrogenesis, and ultimately causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). To modulate obese tissue environments, it is challenged to selectively deliver inducers of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to adipose tissue with the aid of a prohibitin targeting drug delivery system. Prohibitin binding peptide (PBP), an oligopeptide targeting prohibitin rich in adipose tissue, is conjugated on the surface of Hemin- or CoPP-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PBP-NPs). PBP-NPs efficiently differentiate lipid storing white adipocytes into energy-generating brown adipocytes in T2DM and NASH models. In addition, PBP-NPs are found to target prohibitin overexpressed fatty liver in the NASH model and inhibit hepatic uptake of circulating lipids. Furthermore, PBP-NPs switch phenotypes of inflammatory macrophages in damaged organs and lower inflammation. Taken together, dual-targeted induction of HO-1 in fatty adipose and liver tissues is proven to be a promising therapeutic strategy to ameliorate obesity, insulin resistance, and steatohepatitis by lowering lipids and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeong Hong
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research Hanyang UniversitySeoul04763South Korea
- Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation LeaderHanyang UniversitySeoul04763South Korea
| | - Yong‐Hee Kim
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research Hanyang UniversitySeoul04763South Korea
- Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation LeaderHanyang UniversitySeoul04763South Korea
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10
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A dual Keap1 and p47 phox inhibitor Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates high glucose/ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:824. [PMID: 36163178 PMCID: PMC9512801 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a vital contributor to the development and progression of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a well-known molecule that participates in cellular defense against oxidative stress. Utilizing luciferase reporter assay from 379 natural products, we reported here that Ginsenoside Rb1 played a dual role in inhibiting Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and p47phox luciferase reporter activities. In endothelial cells (ECs), Rb1 pretreatment enhanced cell viability, reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and apoptosis, as well as ameliorated mitochondrial quality following oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plus high glucose (HG) challenge. Rb1 directly bound to Keap1 and promoted its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation dependent on lysine residues (K108, K323, and K551) by recruiting the E3 ligase synovial apoptosis inhibitor 1 (SYVN1), leading to Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1, Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2/PGC-1α complex formation. We further identified that Rb1 could bind to p47phox and reduce its phosphorylation and membrane translocation, thereby disrupting the assembly of the NOX2 complex. Importantly, Rb1-mediated preservation of cytoplasmic p47phox stabilized and contributed to Nrf2 activation. Additionally, we revealed that Rb1 reduced aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation along with reductions in oxidative stress and inflammatory response in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced ApoE-/- mice, but not in ApoE-/- mice with deficiency of Nrf2 and PGC-1α. Collectively, we demonstrated that Rb1, which directly targeted Keap1 and p47phox in ECs, may be an attractive candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis in diabetes.
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11
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Ahsan H, Islam SU, Ahmed MB, Lee YS. Role of Nrf2, STAT3, and Src as Molecular Targets for Cancer Chemoprevention. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1775. [PMID: 36145523 PMCID: PMC9505731 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and multistage disease that affects various intracellular pathways, leading to rapid cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell motility, and migration, supported by antiapoptotic mechanisms. Chemoprevention is a new strategy to counteract cancer; to either prevent its incidence or suppress its progression. In this strategy, chemopreventive agents target molecules involved in multiple pathways of cancer initiation and progression. Nrf2, STAT3, and Src are promising molecular candidates that could be targeted for chemoprevention. Nrf2 is involved in the expression of antioxidant and phase II metabolizing enzymes, which have direct antiproliferative action as well as indirect activities of reducing oxidative stress and eliminating carcinogens. Similarly, its cross-talk with NF-κB has great anti-inflammatory potential, which can be utilized in inflammation-induced/associated cancers. STAT3, on the other hand, is involved in multiple pathways of cancer initiation and progression. Activation, phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation are associated with tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Src, being the first oncogene to be discovered, is important due to its convergence with many upstream stimuli, its cross-talk with other potential molecular targets, such as STAT3, and its ability to modify the cell cytoskeleton, making it important in cancer invasion and metastasis. Therefore, the development of natural/synthetic molecules and/or design of a regimen that can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and stop multiple cellular targets in cancer to stop its initiation or retard its progression can form newer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young Sup Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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12
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Egbujor MC, Buttari B, Profumo E, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Saso L. An Overview of NRF2-Activating Compounds Bearing α,β-Unsaturated Moiety and Their Antioxidant Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8466. [PMID: 35955599 PMCID: PMC9369284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The surge of scientific interest in the discovery of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (NFE2)-Related Factor 2 (NRF2)-activating molecules underscores the importance of NRF2 as a therapeutic target especially for oxidative stress. The chemical reactivity and biological activities of several bioactive compounds have been linked to the presence of α,β-unsaturated structural systems. The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, sulfonyl and sulfinyl functional groups are reportedly the major α,β-unsaturated moieties involved in the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway. The carbonyl, sulfonyl and sulfinyl groups are generally electron-withdrawing groups, and the presence of the α,β-unsaturated structure qualifies them as suitable electrophiles for Michael addition reaction with nucleophilic thiols of cysteine residues within the proximal negative regulator of NRF2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). The physicochemical property such as good lipophilicity of these moieties is also an advantage because it ensures solubility and membrane permeability required for the activation of the cytosolic NRF2/KEAP1 system. This review provides an overview of the reaction mechanism of α,β-unsaturated moiety-bearing compounds with the NRF2/KEAP1 complex, their pharmacological properties, structural activity-relationship and their effect on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. As the first of its kind, this review article offers collective and comprehensive information on NRF2-activators containing α,β-unsaturated moiety with the aim of broadening their therapeutic prospects in a wide range of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melford Chuka Egbujor
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba 453115, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | | | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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13
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Kapetanou M, Athanasopoulou S, Gonos ES. Transcriptional regulatory networks of the proteasome in mammalian systems. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:41-52. [PMID: 34958522 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tight regulation of proteostasis is essential for physiological cellular function. Mammalian cells possess a network of mechanisms that ensure proteome integrity under normal or stress conditions. The proteasome, being the major cellular proteolytic machinery, is central to proteostasis maintenance in response to distinct intracellular and extracellular conditions. The proteasomes are multisubunit protease complexes that selectively catalyze the degradation of short-lived regulatory proteins and damaged peptides. Different forms of the proteasome complexes comprising of different subunits and attached regulators directly affect the substrate selectivity and degradation. Thus, the proteasome participates in the turnover of a multitude of factors that control key processes that affect the cellular state, such as adaptation to environmental cues, growth, development, metabolism, signaling, senescence, pluripotency, differentiation, and immunity. Aberrations on its function are related to normal processes like aging and pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration and cancer. The past few years of research have highlighted that proteasome abundance, activity, assembly, and localization are subject to a dynamic transcriptional control that secures the continuous adaptation of the proteasome to internal or external stimuli. This review focuses on the factors and signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of the mammalian proteasome at the transcriptional level. A comprehensive understanding of proteasome regulation has critical implications on disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Kapetanou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Athanasopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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14
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Wei LY, Zhang JK, Zheng L, Chen Y. The functional role of sulforaphane in intestinal inflammation: a review. Food Funct 2021; 13:514-529. [PMID: 34935814 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03398k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation represented by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global epidemic disease and the number of patients with IBD continues to increase. This digestive tract disease not only affects the absorption of food components by destroying the intestinal epithelial structure, but also can induce diseases in remote organs via the gut-organ axis, seriously harming human health. Nowadays, increasing attention is being paid to the nutritional and medicinal value of food components with increasing awareness among the general public regarding health. As an important member of the isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN) is abundant in cruciferous plants and is famous for its excellent anti-cancer effects. With the development of clinical research, more physiological activities of SFN, such as antidepressant, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities, have been discovered, supporting the fact that SFN and SFN-rich sources have great potential to be dietary supplements that are beneficial to health. This review summarizes the characteristics of intestinal inflammation, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SFN and its various protective effects on intestinal inflammation, and the possible future applications of SFN for promoting intestinal health have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Jiu-Kai Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Camiña N, Penning TM. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway in human lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 126:1244-1252. [PMID: 34845361 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic and oxidative stress is caused when homeostatic mechanisms are disrupted. A major defense mechanism involves the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, which can accelerate the detoxification of electrophilic carcinogens and prevent cancer and on the other hand in certain exposure contexts may exacerbate the carcinogenic process. NRF2-target genes activated under these conditions can be used as biomarkers of stress signalling, while activation of NRF2 can also reveal the epigenetic mechanisms that modulate NFE2L2 expression. Epigenetic mechanisms that regulate NFE2L2 and the gene for its adaptor protein KEAP1 include DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA. Understanding the activation of the NRF2-KEAP1 signalling pathway in human lung cancer, its epigenetic regulation and its role in oncogenesis is the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Camiña
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Sharma C, Kim SR. Linking Oxidative Stress and Proteinopathy in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081231. [PMID: 34439479 PMCID: PMC8388980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathy and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are the principal features observed in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain, contribute to neuronal toxicity. β-amyloid and tau are the primary proteins responsible for the proteinopathy (amyloidopathy and tauopathy, respectively) in AD, which depends on ROS production; these aggregates can also generate ROS. These mechanisms work in concert and reinforce each other to drive the pathology observed in the aging brain, which primarily involves oxidative stress (OS). This, in turn, triggers neurodegeneration due to the subsequent loss of synapses and neurons. Understanding these interactions may thus aid in the identification of potential neuroprotective therapies that could be clinically useful. Here, we review the role of β-amyloid and tau in the activation of ROS production. We then further discuss how free radicals can influence structural changes in key toxic intermediates and describe the putative mechanisms by which OS and oligomers cause neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7362; Fax: +82-53-943-2762
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17
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Redox and Inflammatory Signaling, the Unfolded Protein Response, and the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:333-373. [PMID: 34019276 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding overload and oxidative stress disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). The altered ER redox state induces further ROS production through UPR signaling that balances the cell fates of survival and apoptosis, contributing to pulmonary microvascular inflammation and dysfunction and driving the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). UPR-induced ROS production through ER calcium release along with NADPH oxidase activity results in endothelial injury and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. ROS and calcium signaling also promote endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, decreasing NO production and increasing vascular resistance through persistent vasoconstriction and SMC proliferation. C/EBP-homologous protein further inhibits eNOS, interfering with endothelial function. UPR-induced NF-κB activity regulates inflammatory processes in lung tissue and contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Conversely, UPR-activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated antioxidant signaling through heme oxygenase 1 attenuates inflammatory cytokine levels and protects against vascular SMC proliferation. A mutation in the bone morphogenic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) gene causes misfolded BMPR2 protein accumulation in the ER, implicating the UPR in familial pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis. Altogether, there is substantial evidence that redox and inflammatory signaling associated with UPR activation is critical in PH pathogenesis.
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18
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Abiko Y, Aoki H, Kumagai Y. Effect of combined exposure to environmental aliphatic electrophiles from plants on Keap1/Nrf2 activation and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells: A model of an electrophile exposome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 413:115392. [PMID: 33428920 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrophiles, ubiquitously found in the environment, modify thiol groups of sensor proteins, leading to activation of redox signaling pathways such as the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Nrf2 activation by exposure to single electrophiles has been established. However, the effect of exposure to a combination of electrophiles on Nrf2 activation has not been well evaluated. The current study examined whether combined exposure to electrophiles enhances the modification of thiol groups and Keap1/Nrf2 activation in HepG2 cells. Six electrophiles [1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), 1,4-NQ, 1,4-benzoquinone, (E)-2-hexenal (hexenal), (E)-2-decenal, and (E)-2-butenal] were tested for S-modification of albumin in vitro and for cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. Interestingly, a mixture of the electrophiles enhanced S-modification of albumin and cytotoxicity compared with exposure to each electrophile separately. Herein, we focused on 1,2-NQ, 1,4-NQ, and hexenal to clarify the combined effect of electrophiles on Keap1/Nrf2 activation in HepG2 cells. A concentration addition model revealed that 1,2-NQ and/or 1,4-NQ additively enhanced hexenal-mediated S-modification of GSH in vitro, whereas the cytotoxicity of hexenal was synergistically increased by simultaneous exposure of HepG2 cells to the NQs. Furthermore, an NQ cocktail (2.5 μM each) that does not activate Nrf2 enhanced hexenal-mediated Nrf2 activation. These results suggest that combined exposure to electrophiles at low concentrations induces stronger activation of redox signaling compared with exposure to each electrophile alone and worsens their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Abiko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human, Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hanako Aoki
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human, Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human, Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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19
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Hellyer JA, Padda SK, Diehn M, Wakelee HA. Clinical Implications of KEAP1-NFE2L2 Mutations in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 16:395-403. [PMID: 33307193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway is an important modulator of cell homeostasis. Mutations in this pathway are common in NSCLC and have been associated with enhanced tumor growth and aggressiveness. In addition, tumors with mutations in the KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway have been reported in preclinical and clinical studies to convey refractoriness to cancer-directed therapy such as radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The role of immunotherapy in this patient population is less clear, and there are conflicting studies on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in KEAP1-NFE2L2-mutant NSCLC. Here, we review the current clinical evidence on several classes of anticancer therapeutics in KEAP1-NFE2L2-mutant tumors. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the landscape of the current clinical trials in this patient population, highlighting the work being done with mTORC1, mTORC2, and glutaminase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hellyer
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sukhmani K Padda
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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20
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Modulatory role of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Stucki D, Steinhausen J, Westhoff P, Krahl H, Brilhaus D, Massenberg A, Weber APM, Reichert AS, Brenneisen P, Stahl W. Endogenous Carbon Monoxide Signaling Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Intracellular Glucose Utilization: Impact of the Heme Oxygenase Substrate Hemin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080652. [PMID: 32717801 PMCID: PMC7465082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of heme yielding biliverdin, ferrous iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). Heme oxygenase activity has been attributed to antioxidant defense via the redox cycling system of biliverdin and bilirubin. There is increasing evidence that CO is a gaseous signaling molecule and plays a role in the regulation of energy metabolism. Inhibitory effects of CO on the respiratory chain are well established, but the implication of such a process on the cellular stress response is not well understood. By means of extracellular flux analyses and isotopic tracing, we studied the effects of CO, either released from the CO donor CORM-401 or endogenously produced by heme oxygenases, on the respiratory chain and glucose metabolism. CORM-401 was thereby used as a tool to mimic endogenous CO production by heme oxygenases. In the long term (>60 min), CORM-401-derived CO exposure inhibited mitochondrial respiration, which was compensated by increased glycolysis accompanied by a loss of the ATP production rate and an increase in proton leakage. This effect pattern was likewise observed after endogenous CO production by heme oxygenases. However, in the present setting, these effects were only observed when sufficient substrate for heme oxygenases (hemin) was provided. Modulation of the HO-1 protein level was less important. The long-term influence of CO on glucose metabolism via glycolysis was preceded by a short-term response (<30 min) of the cells to CO. Stable isotope-labeling experiments and metabolic flux analysis revealed a short-term shift of glucose consumption from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) along with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Overall, we suggest that signaling by endogenous CO stimulates the rapid formation of reduction equivalents (NADPH) via the PPP, and plays an additional role in antioxidant defense, e.g., via feed-forward stimulation of the bilirubin/biliverdin redox cycling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stucki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.S.); (J.S.); (H.K.); (A.M.); (A.S.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Julia Steinhausen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.S.); (J.S.); (H.K.); (A.M.); (A.S.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Heide Krahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.S.); (J.S.); (H.K.); (A.M.); (A.S.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Dominik Brilhaus
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Annika Massenberg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.S.); (J.S.); (H.K.); (A.M.); (A.S.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.S.); (J.S.); (H.K.); (A.M.); (A.S.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.S.); (J.S.); (H.K.); (A.M.); (A.S.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany; (D.S.); (J.S.); (H.K.); (A.M.); (A.S.R.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-811-2711
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22
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Cores Á, Piquero M, Villacampa M, León R, Menéndez JC. NRF2 Regulation Processes as a Source of Potential Drug Targets against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E904. [PMID: 32545924 PMCID: PMC7356958 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 acts by controlling gene expression, being the master regulator of the Phase II antioxidant response, and also being key to the control of neuroinflammation. NRF2 activity is regulated at several levels, including protein degradation by the proteasome, transcription, and post-transcription. The purpose of this review is to offer a concise and critical overview of the main mechanisms of NRF2 regulation and their actual or potential use as targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Marta Piquero
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Mercedes Villacampa
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
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23
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Barati E, Nikzad H, Karimian M. Oxidative stress and male infertility: current knowledge of pathophysiology and role of antioxidant therapy in disease management. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020. [PMID: 31377843 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03253-8)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is a global health problem involving about 15% of couples. Approximately half of the infertility cases are related to male factors. The oxidative stress, which refers to an imbalance in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is one of the main causes of infertility in men. A small amount of ROS is necessary for the physiological function of sperm including the capacitation, hyperactivation and acrosomal reaction. However, high levels of ROS can cause infertility through not only by lipid peroxidation or DNA damage but inactivation of enzymes and oxidation of proteins in spermatozoa. Oxidative stress (OS) is mainly caused by factors associated with lifestyle. Besides, immature spermatozoa, inflammatory factors, genetic mutations and altering levels of sex hormones are other main source of ROS. Since OS occurs due to the lack of antioxidants and its side effects in semen, lifestyle changes and antioxidant regimens can be helpful therapeutic approaches to overcome this problem. The present study aimed to describe physiological ROS production, roles of genetic and epigenetic factors on the OS and male infertility with various mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and disorder of male hormone profile, inflammation, and varicocele. Finally, the roles of oral antioxidants and herbs were explained in coping with OS in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfaneh Barati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. .,Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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24
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Barati E, Nikzad H, Karimian M. Oxidative stress and male infertility: current knowledge of pathophysiology and role of antioxidant therapy in disease management. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:93-113. [PMID: 31377843 PMCID: PMC11105059 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a global health problem involving about 15% of couples. Approximately half of the infertility cases are related to male factors. The oxidative stress, which refers to an imbalance in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is one of the main causes of infertility in men. A small amount of ROS is necessary for the physiological function of sperm including the capacitation, hyperactivation and acrosomal reaction. However, high levels of ROS can cause infertility through not only by lipid peroxidation or DNA damage but inactivation of enzymes and oxidation of proteins in spermatozoa. Oxidative stress (OS) is mainly caused by factors associated with lifestyle. Besides, immature spermatozoa, inflammatory factors, genetic mutations and altering levels of sex hormones are other main source of ROS. Since OS occurs due to the lack of antioxidants and its side effects in semen, lifestyle changes and antioxidant regimens can be helpful therapeutic approaches to overcome this problem. The present study aimed to describe physiological ROS production, roles of genetic and epigenetic factors on the OS and male infertility with various mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and disorder of male hormone profile, inflammation, and varicocele. Finally, the roles of oral antioxidants and herbs were explained in coping with OS in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfaneh Barati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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25
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Bousquet MS, Ratnayake R, Pope JL, Chen QY, Zhu F, Chen S, Carney TJ, Gharaibeh RZ, Jobin C, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Seaweed natural products modify the host inflammatory response via Nrf2 signaling and alter colon microbiota composition and gene expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:306-323. [PMID: 31536771 PMCID: PMC7339024 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are an important component of human diets, especially in Asia and the Pacific islands, and have shown chemopreventive as well as anti-inflammatory properties. However, structural characterization and mechanistic insight of seaweed components responsible for their biological activities are lacking. We isolated cymopol and related natural products from the marine green alga Cymopolia barbata and demonstrated their function as activators of transcription factor Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response to increase the cellular antioxidant status. We probed the reactivity of the bioactivation product of cymopol, cymopol quinone, which was able to modify various cysteine residues of Nrf2's cytoplasmic repressor protein Keap1. The observed adducts are reflective of the polypharmacology at the level of natural product, due to multiple electrophilic centers, and at the amino acid level of the cysteine-rich target protein Keap1. The non-polar C. barbata extract and its major active component cymopol, reduced inflammatory gene transcription in vitro in macrophages and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Cymopol-containing extracts attenuated neutrophil migration in a zebrafish tail wound model. RNA-seq analysis of colonic tissues of mice exposed to non-polar extract or cymopol showed an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response, with more pronounced effects exhibited by the extract. Cymopolia extract reduced DSS-induced colitis as measured by fecal lipocalin concentration. RNA-seq showed that mucosal-associated bacterial composition and transcriptional profile in large intestines were beneficially altered to varying degrees in mice treated with either the extract or cymopol. We conclude that seaweed-derived compounds, especially cymopol, alter Nrf2-mediated host and microbial gene expression, thereby providing polypharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Bousquet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jillian L Pope
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Fanchao Zhu
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Thomas J Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore.
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26
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Sprooten J, Garg AD. Type I interferons and endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 350:63-118. [PMID: 32138904 PMCID: PMC7104985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed, by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing to this broad range of influence, type I IFNs also exhibit critical functions in many sterile inflammatory diseases and immunopathologies, especially those associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven signaling pathways. Indeed, over the years accumulating evidence has indicated that the presence of ER stress can influence the production, or sensing of, type I IFNs induced by perturbations like pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists, infections (bacterial, viral or parasitic) or autoimmunity. In this article we discuss the link between type I IFNs and ER stress in various diseased contexts. We describe how ER stress regulates type I IFNs production or sensing, or how type I IFNs may induce ER stress, in various circumstances like microbial infections, autoimmunity, diabetes, cancer and other ER stress-related contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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The Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin in Quinolinic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats is Associated with BDNF, ERK1/2, Nrf2, and Antioxidant Enzymes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090388. [PMID: 31514267 PMCID: PMC6769626 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the participation of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) on the activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) as a mechanism of curcumin (CUR) to provide an antioxidant defense system mediated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the neurotoxic model induced by quinolinic acid (QUIN). Wistar rats received CUR (400 mg/kg, intragastrically) for 6 days after intrastriatal injection with QUIN (240 nmol). CUR improved the motor deficit and morphological alterations induced by QUIN and restored BDNF, ERK1/2, and Nrf2 levels. CUR treatment avoided the decrease in the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (γ-GCL), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Only, the QUIN-induced decrease in the GR activity was prevented by CUR treatment. Finally, QUIN increased superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) levels, and the γGCL and CAT activities; however, this increase was major in the QUIN+CUR group for γ-GCL, CAT, and SOD activities. These data suggest that the therapeutic effect of CUR could involve BDNF action on the activation of ERK1/2 to induce increased levels of protein and enzyme activity of antioxidant proteins regulated by Nrf2 and GSH levels.
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Zheng Q, Pan L, Ji Y. H 2S protects against diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis by preventing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. J Biomed Res 2019; 34:94-102. [PMID: 32305963 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.33.20190071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) is an important messenger for its strong anti-inflammatory effects, which may be involved in multiple cardiovascular diseases. In our previous study, we revealed that H 2S attenuated diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis through suppressing oxidative stress. Here we report that GYY4137, a H 2S donor, reduced the plaque formation of aortic roots and the levels of both intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerotic cells and mouse models. The inflammatory factors of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP1 were also significantly reduced by GYY4137. Mechanically, GYY4137 suppressed the activation of pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis conditions. Upon knockdown of NLRP3, the increase of ICAM1 and VCAM1 caused by high glucose and oxLDL could be reversed, indicating that H 2S protected the endothelium by inhibiting the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, our study indicates that GYY4137 effectively protects against the development of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lihong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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29
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McMahon M, Swift SR, Hayes JD. Zinc-binding triggers a conformational-switch in the cullin-3 substrate adaptor protein KEAP1 that controls transcription factor NRF2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 360:45-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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A systematic analysis of Nrf2 pathway activation dynamics during repeated xenobiotic exposure. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:435-451. [PMID: 30456486 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress leads to the activation of the Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. While most studies have focused on the activation of the Nrf2 pathway after single chemical treatment, little is known about the dynamic regulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the context of repeated exposure scenarios. Here we employed single cell live imaging to quantitatively monitor the dynamics of the Nrf2 pathway during repeated exposure, making advantage of two HepG2 fluorescent protein reporter cell lines, expressing GFP tagged Nrf2 or sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1), a direct downstream target of Nrf2. High throughput live confocal imaging was used to measure the temporal dynamics of these two components of the Nrf2 pathway after repeated exposure to an extensive concentration range of diethyl maleate (DEM) and tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ). Single treatment with DEM or tBHQ induced Nrf2 and Srxn1 over time in a concentration-dependent manner. The Nrf2 response to a second treatment was lower than the response to the first exposure with the same concentration, indicating that the response is adaptive. Moreover, a limited fraction of individual cells committed themselves into the Nrf2 response during the second treatment. Despite the suppression of the Nrf2 pathway, the second treatment resulted in a three-fold higher Srxn1-GFP response compared to the first treatment, with all cells participating in the response. While after the first treatment Srxn1-GFP response was linearly related to Nrf2-GFP nuclear translocation, such a linear relationship was less clear for the second exposure. siRNA-mediated knockdown demonstrated that the second response is dependent on the activity of Nrf2. Several other, clinically relevant, compounds (i.e., sulphorophane, nitrofurantoin and CDDO-Me) also enhanced the induction of Srxn1-GFP upon two consecutive repeated exposure. Together the data indicate that adaptation towards pro-oxidants lowers the Nrf2 activation capacity, but simultaneously primes cells for the enhancement of an antioxidant response which depends on factors other than just Nrf2. These data provide further insight in the overall dynamics of stress pathway activation after repeated exposure and underscore the complexity of responses that may govern repeated dose toxicity.
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31
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Sabir N, Mangi MH, Yang L. p62-Keap1-NRF2-ARE Pathway: A Contentious Player for Selective Targeting of Autophagy, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Prion Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:310. [PMID: 30337853 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00310/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animal species. The conversion of a non-pathogenic normal cellular protein (PrPc) into an abnormal infectious, protease-resistant, pathogenic form prion protein scrapie (PrPSc), is considered the etiology of these diseases. PrPSc accumulates in the affected individual's brain in the form of extracellular plaques. The molecular pathways leading to neuronal cell death in prion diseases are still unclear. The free radical damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in the pathogenesis of the various neurodegenerative disorders including prion diseases. The brain is very sensitive to changes in the redox status. It has been demonstrated that PrPc behaves as an antioxidant, while the neurotoxic prion peptide PrPSc increases hydrogen peroxide toxicity in the neuronal cultures leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is an oxidative responsive pathway and a guardian of lifespan, which protect the cells from free radical stress-mediated cell death. The reduced glutathione, a major small molecule antioxidant present in all mammalian cells, and produced by several downstream target genes of NRF2, counterbalances the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In recent years, it has emerged that the ubiquitin-binding protein, p62-mediated induction of autophagy, is crucial for NRF2 activation and elimination of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The current review article, focuses on the role of NRF2 pathway in prion diseases to mitigate the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mazhar Hussain Mangi
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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32
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Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Sabir N, Mangi MH, Yang L. p62-Keap1-NRF2-ARE Pathway: A Contentious Player for Selective Targeting of Autophagy, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Prion Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:310. [PMID: 30337853 PMCID: PMC6180192 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animal species. The conversion of a non-pathogenic normal cellular protein (PrPc) into an abnormal infectious, protease-resistant, pathogenic form prion protein scrapie (PrPSc), is considered the etiology of these diseases. PrPSc accumulates in the affected individual’s brain in the form of extracellular plaques. The molecular pathways leading to neuronal cell death in prion diseases are still unclear. The free radical damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in the pathogenesis of the various neurodegenerative disorders including prion diseases. The brain is very sensitive to changes in the redox status. It has been demonstrated that PrPc behaves as an antioxidant, while the neurotoxic prion peptide PrPSc increases hydrogen peroxide toxicity in the neuronal cultures leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is an oxidative responsive pathway and a guardian of lifespan, which protect the cells from free radical stress-mediated cell death. The reduced glutathione, a major small molecule antioxidant present in all mammalian cells, and produced by several downstream target genes of NRF2, counterbalances the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In recent years, it has emerged that the ubiquitin-binding protein, p62-mediated induction of autophagy, is crucial for NRF2 activation and elimination of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The current review article, focuses on the role of NRF2 pathway in prion diseases to mitigate the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mazhar Hussain Mangi
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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Stankovic-Valentin N, Melchior F. Control of SUMO and Ubiquitin by ROS: Signaling and disease implications. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:3-17. [PMID: 30059710 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) ensure rapid signal transmission from sensors to effectors. Reversible modification of proteins by the small proteins Ubiquitin and SUMO are involved in virtually all cellular processes and can modify thousands of proteins. Ubiquitination or SUMOylation is the reversible attachment of these modifiers to lysine residues of a target via isopeptide bond formation. These modifications require ATP and an enzymatic cascade composed of three classes of proteins: E1 activating enzymes, E2 conjugating enzymes and E3 ligases. The reversibility of the modification is ensured by specific isopeptidases. E1 and E2 enzymes, some E3 ligases and most isopeptidases have catalytic cysteine residues, which make them potentially susceptible for oxidation. Indeed, an increasing number of examples reveal regulation of ubiquitination and SUMOylation by reactive oxygen species, both in the context of redox signaling and in severe oxidative stress. Importantly, ubiquitination and SUMOylation play essential roles in the regulation of ROS homeostasis, participating in the control of ROS production and clearance. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between ROS homeostasis, Ubiquitin and SUMO pathways and the implications for the oxidative stress response and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Stankovic-Valentin
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frauke Melchior
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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The Keap1/Nrf2-ARE Pathway as a Pharmacological Target for Chalcones. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071803. [PMID: 30037040 PMCID: PMC6100069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones have shown a broad spectrum of biological activities with clinical potential against various diseases. The biological activities are mainly attributed to the presence in the chalcones of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system, perceived as a potential Michael acceptor. Chalcones could activate the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway through a Michael addition reaction with the cysteines of Keap1, which acts as a redox sensor and negative regulator of Nrf2. This modification allows the dissociation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasmic complex with Keap1 and its nuclear translocation. At this level, Nrf2 binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) and activates the expression of several detoxification, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes as well as genes involved in the clearance of damaged proteins. In this regard, the Keap1/Nrf2–ARE pathway is a new potential pharmacological target for the treatment of many chronic diseases. In this review we summarize the current progress in the study of Keap1/Nrf2–ARE pathway activation by natural and synthetic chalcones and their potential pharmacological applications. Among the pharmacological activities highlighted, anti-inflammatory activity was more evident than others, suggesting a multi-target Michael acceptor mechanism for the chalcones involving key regulators of the Nrf2 and nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) pathways.
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Pinto A, Bonucci A, Maggi E, Corsi M, Businaro R. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ketogenic Diet: New Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E63. [PMID: 29710809 PMCID: PMC5981249 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet, originally developed for the treatment of epilepsy in non-responder children, is spreading to be used in the treatment of many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. The main activity of the ketogenic diet has been related to improved mitochondrial function and decreased oxidative stress. B-Hydroxybutyrate, the most studied ketone body, has been shown to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), improving mitochondrial respiration: it stimulates the cellular endogenous antioxidant system with the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), it modulates the ratio between the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺/NADH) and it increases the efficiency of electron transport chain through the expression of uncoupling proteins. Furthermore, the ketogenic diet performs anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) activation and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as well as inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs), improving memory encoding. The underlying mechanisms and the perspectives for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pinto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Alessio Bonucci
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Elisa Maggi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Corsi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
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Guo J, Li C, Yang C, Li B, Wei J, Lin Y, Ye P, Hu G, Li J. Liraglutide reduces hepatic glucolipotoxicity‑induced liver cell apoptosis through NRF2 signaling in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8316-8324. [PMID: 29693190 PMCID: PMC5984007 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of liraglutide on glucolipotoxicity-induced liver cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The results revealed that liraglutide significantly decreased the body weight, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of ZDF rats relative to those of Zucker lean (ZL) rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, the reduced liver cell apoptosis was observed in the ZDF rats following 6 weeks of liraglutide therapy. These data validated the beneficial effects of liraglutide on diabetic and obese ZDF rats. In addition, novel data was obtained that demonstrated that liraglutide treatment increased the expression of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), as well as the transcription of downstream target genes, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone dehydrogenase 1 and heme oxygenase-1 (P<0.05). Additionally, serum and hepatic GSH and SOD levels increased following liraglutide therapy (P<0.05). Hence, it was proposed that liraglutide may enhance the antioxidant activity of liver cells by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway, thereby reducing liver cell apoptosis induced by glucolipotoxicity in ZDF rats, which may shed light on the application of liraglutide in the treatment of diabetes- and obesity-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Cai Li
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, Medical Department of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Lin
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Peng Ye
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Gang Hu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Shen J, Wang G, Zuo J. Caffeic acid inhibits HCV replication via induction of IFNα antiviral response through p62-mediated Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:166-173. [PMID: 29656059 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its related liver disease have constituted a heavy burden worldwide. It had been reported that Drinking coffee could decrease mortality risk of HCV infected patients. Caffeic Acid (CA), the Coffee-related organic acid could inhibit HCV replication, however, the detailed mechanism of CA against HCV is unclear. In this study, we showed that CA could notably inhibit HCV replication. Mechanism study demonstrated that CA could induce HO-1 expression, which would trigger the IFNα antiviral response, and the antiviral effect of CA was attenuated when HO-1 activity was inhibited by SnPP (an HO-1 inhibitor). CA could also increase erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. When Nrf2 was knocked down by specific siRNA, HO-1 expression was concomitantly decreased while HCV expression was restored. Further study indicated that kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1) expression was decreased by CA through p62/Sequestosome1 (p62)-mediated autophagy, which would lead to the stabilization and accumulation of Nrf2. The decrease of keap1 was restored when p62 was silenced by specific p62 siRNA and when autophagy was inhibited, suggesting p62-mediated autophagy was required for CA-mediated keap1 downregulation. Taken together, the results demonstrated that CA could modulate Keap1/Nrf2 interaction via increasing p62 expression, leading to stabilization of Nrf2 and HO-1 induction, and elicit IFNα antiviral response to suppress HCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Bahia PK, Parks TA, Stanford KR, Mitchell DA, Varma S, Stevens SM, Taylor-Clark TE. The exceptionally high reactivity of Cys 621 is critical for electrophilic activation of the sensory nerve ion channel TRPA1. J Gen Physiol 2017; 147:451-65. [PMID: 27241698 PMCID: PMC4886278 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophiles produced during oxidative stress trigger pain responses by reacting with TRPA1 ion channels on sensory nerves. Bahia et al. show that residue C621 on TRPA1 has remarkable reactivity with electrophiles—more than cellular antioxidants—and is crucial for this sensory response. Activation of the sensory nerve ion channel TRPA1 by electrophiles is the key mechanism that initiates nociceptive signaling, and leads to defensive reflexes and avoidance behaviors, during oxidative stress in mammals. TRPA1 is rapidly activated by subtoxic levels of electrophiles, but it is unclear how TRPA1 outcompetes cellular antioxidants that protect cytosolic proteins from electrophiles. Here, using physiologically relevant exposures, we demonstrate that electrophiles react with cysteine residues on mammalian TRPA1 at rates that exceed the reactivity of typical cysteines by 6,000-fold and that also exceed the reactivity of antioxidant enzymes. We show that TRPA1 possesses a complex reactive cysteine profile in which C621 is necessary for electrophile-induced binding and activation. Modeling of deprotonation energies suggests that K620 contributes to C621 reactivity and mutation of K620 alone greatly reduces the effect of electrophiles on TRPA1. Nevertheless, binding of electrophiles to C621 is not sufficient for activation, which also depends on the function of another reactive cysteine (C665). Together, our results demonstrate that TRPA1 acts as an effective electrophilic sensor because of the exceptionally high reactivity of C621.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmvir K Bahia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Thomas A Parks
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Katherine R Stanford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - David A Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Sameer Varma
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
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40
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Porokhovnik LN, Pisarev VM. Association of polymorphisms in NFE2L2 gene encoding transcription factor Nrf2 with multifactorial diseases. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417080051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Sturm C, Wagner AE. Brassica-Derived Plant Bioactives as Modulators of Chemopreventive and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1890. [PMID: 28862664 PMCID: PMC5618539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family has been related to a lower incidence of chronic diseases including different kinds of cancer. These beneficial effects of, e.g., broccoli, cabbage or rocket (arugula) intake have been mainly dedicated to the sulfur-containing glucosinolates (GLSs)-secondary plant compounds nearly exclusively present in Brassicaceae-and in particular to their bioactive breakdown products including isothiocyanates (ITCs). Overall, the current literature indicate that selected Brassica-derived ITCs exhibit health-promoting effects in vitro, as well as in laboratory mice in vivo. Some studies suggest anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for ITCs which may be communicated through an activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that controls the expression of antioxidant and phase II enzymes. Furthermore, it has been shown that ITCs are able to significantly ameliorate a severe inflammatory phenotype in colitic mice in vivo. As there are studies available suggesting an epigenetic mode of action for Brassica-derived phytochemicals, the conduction of further studies would be recommendable to investigate if the beneficial effects of these compounds also persist during an irregular consumption pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sturm
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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42
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Neglected role of hydrogen sulfide in sulfur mustard poisoning: Keap1 S-sulfhydration and subsequent Nrf2 pathway activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9433. [PMID: 28842592 PMCID: PMC5572733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent and a terrorism choice that targets various organs and tissues, especially lung tissues. Its toxic effects are tightly associated with oxidative stress. The signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects the lungs against oxidative stress and activates the NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Here, we sought to establish whether endogenous H2S plays a role in SM induced lesion in mouse lungs and lung cells and whether endogenous H2S plays the role through Nrf2 pathway to protect against SM-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, we also explored whether activation of Nrf2 by H2S involves sulfhydration of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1). Using a mouse model of SM-induced lung injury, we demonstrated that SM-induced attenuation of the sulfide concentration was prevented by NaHS. Concomitantly, NaHS attenuates SM-induced oxidative stress. We also found that H2S enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and stimulated expression of Nrf2-targeted downstream protein and mRNA levels. Incubation of the lung cells with NaHS decreased SM-induced ROS production. Furthermore, we also found that H2S S-sulfhydrated Keap1, which induced Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1, and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Our data indicate that H2S is a critical, however, being long neglected signal molecule in SM-induced lung injury.
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Abstract
The activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the most important cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative attack. BTB and CNC homology-1 (Bach1), like Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), is one of a negative regulator of Nrf2 that control antioxidant response elements (ARE)-dependent gene expressions. In the current study, we found that quinones show greater capacity than hydroquinones in nuclear Bach1 export, as well as ubiquitin-dependent Bach1 degradation in our experimental time frame. Consistently, quinones are easier than hydroquinones in Nrf2 activation and ARE-driven antioxidant protein expressions. Considering the redox cycling potential of quinone-hydroquinone couple, we investigated the effect of transit metal oxidation on the regulation of Nrf2 activity. As shown, Fe3+ enhanced hydroquinone-induced Nrf2 activation and ARE-driven gene expressions, suggesting quinones rather than hydroquinone activate Nrf2 through Bach1 arylation. Taking together, our investigation illustrated that the electrophilic character of quinones ensure their conjugation with Bach1, which is important for the downregulation of Bach1 and the upregulation of Nrf2 signaling.
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44
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Kumar A, Mittal R. Nrf2: a potential therapeutic target for diabetic neuropathy. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:393-402. [PMID: 28353124 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Different aspects involved in pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy are related to inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. This article summarizes evidence that Nrf2 acts as a bridging link in various inflammatory and apoptotic pathways impacting progression of diabetic neuropathy. Nrf2 is involved in expression of various antioxidant proteins (such as detoxifying enzymes) via antioxidant response element (ARE) binding site. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 is inactive and remains in the cytosol. Hyperglycemia is a strong stimulus for oxidative stress and inflammation that downregulates the activity of Nrf2 through various neuroinflammatory pathways. Acute hyperglycemia increases the expression of Nrf2, but persistent hyperglycemia decreases its expression. This downregulation of Nrf2 causes various microvascular changes, which result in diabetic neuropathy. The key contribution of Nrf2 in progression of diabetic neuropathy has been summarized in the article. Despite involvement of Nrf2 in progression of diabetic neuropathy, targeting Nrf2 activators as a therapeutic potential will provide important new insights into the ways that influence treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Ruchika Mittal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Wible RS, Sutter TR. Soft Cysteine Signaling Network: The Functional Significance of Cysteine in Protein Function and the Soft Acids/Bases Thiol Chemistry That Facilitates Cysteine Modification. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:729-762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Wible
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic
Research, University of Memphis, 3700 Walker Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3370, United States
| | - Thomas R. Sutter
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic
Research, University of Memphis, 3700 Walker Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3370, United States
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46
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Senger DR, Hoang MV, Kim KH, Li C, Cao S. Anti-inflammatory activity of Barleria lupulina: Identification of active compounds that activate the Nrf2 cell defense pathway, organize cortical actin, reduce stress fibers, and improve cell junctions in microvascular endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:397-407. [PMID: 27660013 PMCID: PMC5436582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hot aqueous extracts of the plant Barleria lupulina (BL) are used for treating inflammatory conditions and diabetic vascular complications. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal was to identify active compounds in hot aqueous extracts of BL (HAE-BL) that are consistent with a role in reducing inflammation and reducing the vascular pathology associated with diabetes. In particular, we examined activation of the Nrf2 cell defense pathway because our initial findings indicated that HAE-BL activates Nrf2, and because Nrf2 is known to suppress inflammation. Activation of Nrf2 by HAE-BL has not been described previously. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human endothelial cells, real-time PCR, western blotting, cytoskeletal analyses, and assay-guided fractionation with HPLC were used to identify specific compounds in HAE-BL that activate the Nrf2 cell defense pathway and reduce markers of inflammation in vitro. RESULTS HAE-BL potently activated the Nrf2 cell defense pathway in endothelial cells consistent with its traditional use and reported success in reducing inflammation. Assay guided fractionation with HPLC identified three alkyl catechols: 4-ethylcatechol, 4-vinylcatechol, and 4-methylcatechol, that are each potent Nrf2 activators. In addition to activating Nrf2, HAE-BL and akyl catechols each profoundly improved organization of the endothelial cell actin cytoskeleton, reduced actin stress fibers, organized cell-cell junctions, and induced expression of mRNA encoding claudin-5 that is important for formation of endothelial tight junctions and reducing vascular leak. CONCLUSIONS HAE-BL contains important alkyl catechols that potently activate the Nrf2 cell defense pathway, improve organization of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton, and organize tight cell junctions. All of these properties are consistent with a role in reducing inflammation and reducing vascular leak. Because activation of the Nrf2 cell defense pathway also prevents cancers, neuro-degeneration, age-related macular degeneration, and also reduces the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and multiple sclerosis, HAE-BL warrants additional consideration for these other serious disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Senger
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mien V Hoang
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunshun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
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47
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Jiang ZY, Lu MC, You QD. Discovery and Development of Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (KEAP1:NRF2) Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors: Achievements, Challenges, and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10837-10858. [PMID: 27690435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is the primary regulator of the cellular defense system, and enhancing Nrf2 activity has potential usages in various diseases, especially chronic age-related and inflammatory diseases. Recently, directly targeting Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) has been an emerging strategy to selectively and effectively activate Nrf2. This Perspective summarizes the progress in the discovery and development of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors, including the Keap1-Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms, biochemical techniques for inhibitor identification, and approaches for identifying peptide and small-molecule inhibitors, as well as discusses privileged structures and future directions for further development of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng-Chen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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48
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Xie L, Gu Y, Wen M, Zhao S, Wang W, Ma Y, Meng G, Han Y, Wang Y, Liu G, Moore PK, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Ferro A, Huang Z, Ji Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Induces Keap1 S-sulfhydration and Suppresses Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis via Nrf2 Activation. Diabetes 2016; 65:3171-84. [PMID: 27335232 PMCID: PMC8928786 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to have powerful antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that can regulate multiple cardiovascular functions. However, its precise role in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis remains unclear. We report here that H2S reduced aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation with reduction in superoxide (O2 (-)) generation and the adhesion molecules in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced LDLr(-/-) mice but not in LDLr(-/-)Nrf2(-/-) mice. In vitro, H2S inhibited foam cell formation, decreased O2 (-) generation, and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and consequently heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression upregulation in high glucose (HG) plus oxidized LDL (ox-LDL)-treated primary peritoneal macrophages from wild-type but not Nrf2(-/-) mice. H2S also decreased O2 (-) and adhesion molecule levels and increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression, which were suppressed by Nrf2 knockdown in HG/ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells. H2S increased S-sulfhydration of Keap1, induced Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1, enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and inhibited O2 (-) generation, which were abrogated after Keap1 mutated at Cys151, but not Cys273, in endothelial cells. Collectively, H2S attenuates diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis, which may be related to inhibition of oxidative stress via Keap1 sulfhydrylation at Cys151 to activate Nrf2 signaling. This may provide a novel therapeutic target to prevent atherosclerosis in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Wen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Philip K Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Albert Ferro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Heyninck K, Sabbe L, Chirumamilla CS, Szarc vel Szic K, Vander Veken P, Lemmens KJ, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Naulaerts S, Op de Beeck K, Laukens K, Van Camp G, Weseler AR, Bast A, Haenen GR, Haegeman G, Vanden Berghe W. Withaferin A induces heme oxygenase (HO-1) expression in endothelial cells via activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 109:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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50
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Esteras N, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Abramov AY. Nrf2 activation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on its role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and function. Biol Chem 2016; 397:383-400. [PMID: 26812787 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor well-known for its function in controlling the basal and inducible expression of a variety of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. As part of its cytoprotective activity, increasing evidence supports its role in metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics and function. Neurodegenerative diseases are excellent candidates for Nrf2-targeted treatments. Most neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia and Friedreich's ataxia are characterized by oxidative stress, misfolded protein aggregates, and chronic inflammation, the common targets of Nrf2 therapeutic strategies. Together with them, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative disorders. The recently recognized ability of Nrf2 to regulate intermediary metabolism and mitochondrial function makes Nrf2 activation an attractive and comprehensive strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to focus on the potential therapeutic role of Nrf2 activation in neurodegeneration, with special emphasis on mitochondrial bioenergetics and function, metabolism and the role of transporters, all of which collectively contribute to the cytoprotective activity of this transcription factor.
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