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Hasan HF, Galal SM, Ellethy RA. Mitigative impact of bradykinin potentiating factor isolated from Androctonus amorexi scorpion venom and low doses of γ-irradiation on doxorubicin induced hepatotoxicity through Ang II/AMPK crosstalk. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:518-529. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2049941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Galal
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania A Ellethy
- Chemistry department, faculty of science, Helwan university, Cairo, Egypt
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Serra CA, dos Reis AF, Calsa B, Bueno CS, Helaehil JV, de Souza SAR, de Oliveira CA, Vanzella EC, do Amaral MEC. Quercetin prevents insulin dysfunction in hypertensive animals. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:407-417. [PMID: 35673430 PMCID: PMC9167338 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II induced increase in hypertension enhances oxidative stress and compromises insulin action and pancreatic function. Quercetin-rich foods are beneficial for hypertensive and diabetic animals owing to their antioxidant function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of quercetin in hypertensive rats on insulin action, signaling, and secretion. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, hypertensive rats (H), and hypertensive rats supplemented with quercetin (HQ). After three months of initial hypertension, quercetin was administered at 50 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Our results indicate that hypertension and serum lipid peroxidation levels were reduced by quercetin supplementation. We observed increased insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, corroborating the insulin tolerance test, HOMA index, and improvements in lipid profile. Despite normal insulin secretion at 2.8 and 20 mM of glucose, animals treated with quercetin exhibited increased number of islets per section; increased protein expression of muscarinic receptor type 3, VEGF, and catalase in islets; and hepatic mRNA levels of Ide were normalized. In conclusion, supplementation with quercetin improved insulin action and prevented pancreatic and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Alves Serra
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Av. Maximiliano Barutto n° 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP 13607-339 Brazil
| | - Alexandre Freire dos Reis
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Av. Maximiliano Barutto n° 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP 13607-339 Brazil
| | - Bruno Calsa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Av. Maximiliano Barutto n° 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP 13607-339 Brazil
| | - Cintia Sena Bueno
- Biomedical College, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Araras, SP Brazil
| | - Júlia Venturini Helaehil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Av. Maximiliano Barutto n° 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP 13607-339 Brazil
| | | | - Camila Andrea de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Av. Maximiliano Barutto n° 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP 13607-339 Brazil
| | - Emerielle Cristine Vanzella
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Esméria Corezola do Amaral
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Av. Maximiliano Barutto n° 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP 13607-339 Brazil
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Soh V, Tan SJX, Sehgal R, Shirke MM, Ashry A, Harky A. The Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 46:100836. [PMID: 33848960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With cardiovascular conditions being a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, several studies have identified that there is an important correlation between the level of Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases, including an increased risk of hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery diseases. Current published studies are in the form of both in vivo and in vitro studies and they primarily showed the evidence of how Vitamin D can downregulate Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system activity and therefore providing a cardioprotective role. Nevertheless, most of these studies are observational, and there yet to be large-scale randomized controlled trials which would increase the evidence of the findings.This review aims to capture the current evidence of Vitamin D as a metabolite which is critical in reducing cardiovascular conditions and the possible physiological pathways that it works via.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernie Soh
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, School of Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Shawn Jia Xiang Tan
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, School of Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Rijuvani Sehgal
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, School of Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Manasi Mahesh Shirke
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, School of Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Amr Ashry
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amer Harky
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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Huang ZJ, Lv YC, Lei JJ, Liu Q. Angiotensin-II and acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:34-40. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal diseases in the digestive system. The total mortality of AP is about 5%-10%; however, the mortality of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is about 30%-40%. In recent years, the overall mortality rate of AP has not changed much, but the incidence rate of AP is increasing year by year. AP has become the second major cause of hospitalization in department of gastroenterology, and also is one of the most expensive diseases. According to the revised Atlanta classification criteria in 2012, AP can be divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), moderate severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP), and SAP. About 60% of AP cases are MAP, which is often self-limited, has no complications, and is associated with a low mortality rate; however, about 30% of AP patients had MSAP, about 10% of which could get worse to turn to SAP. Persistent organ failure (POF) is the main cause of the progression of SAP, and also is the main cause of death in the early stage of AP. Pancreatic necrosis with secondary infection is the main cause of death in the late stage of AP. The progression and prognosis of AP are closely related to the early treatment and intervention, but the complicated pathogenesis of AP affects the efficacy of early treatment. Since the pathogenesis of AP has not been fully elucidated, there is a lack of specific treatment. At present, the pathogenesis of AP is generally recognized as "cascade waterfall of leukocyte over-activation-inflammatory factors", "intestinal bacterial translocation and secondary attack", "apoptosis", "pancreatic microcirculation disorder", etc. These theories indicate that the pathogenesis of AP is a complex and multifactorial pathophysiological process. In recent years, the role of angiotensin-Ⅱ (Ang-Ⅱ), an active substance in the renin-angiotensin system, in the occurrence and development of AP has gradually attracted the attention of scholars. Therefore, an in-depth study of the relationship between Ang-Ⅱ and AP may contribute to the clinical understanding and treatment of AP. In this paper, we review the relationship between Ang-Ⅱ and AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Huang
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yong-Cai Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County People's Hospital, Zhenning 561200, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
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Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy and Acute Pancreatitis: Higher Incidence and Worse Clinical Outcomes. Pancreas 2020; 49:1069-1074. [PMID: 32769855 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare incidence and outcomes of acute pancreatitis among advanced heart failure therapies. METHODS Two retrospective cohorts are as follows: A, patients with heart failure presenting to our hospitals and B, the US National Inpatient Sample. Three groups were compared: left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients, transplant recipients, and controls who did not qualify for advanced therapies. Primary outcomes were pancreatitis incidence and mortality. Secondary outcomes included kidney failure, multiorgan failure, shock, and health care utilization. RESULTS Cohort A included 1344 heart failure patients, and cohort B included 677,905 patients with acute pancreatitis. In cohort A, annual pancreatitis incidence was 6.7 cases per 1000 LVAD recipients, 4.1 per 1000 LVAD bridge-to-transplant, 2.3 per 1000 transplant recipients, and 3.2 per 1000 heart failure controls (P = 0.03). Combined, the incidence was 5.6 per 1000 LVAD users and 2.7 in 1000 non-LVAD users (relative risk, 2.1; P = 0.009). In cohort B, increased mortality was seen in LVAD users, but not in transplant recipients. Left ventricular assist device patients had higher odds of kidney failure, multiorgan failure, shock, and intensive care. CONCLUSIONS Patients with LVAD have double risk of pancreatitis, worse clinical outcomes, and increased healthcare utilization. Studies elucidating the mechanisms behind pancreatic injury in advanced heart failure are suggested.
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Crupi R, Gugliandolo E, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Di Paola R, Britti D, Cuzzocrea S. N-acetyl-L-cysteine reduces Leishmania amazonensis-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:13. [PMID: 31931804 PMCID: PMC6958694 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a emergent disease characterized by different clinical manifestations in both humans and dogs. Predominant clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis are ulcerative painless skin lesions. Several data reported that pain is associated with human and dog leishmaniasis, out with areas of painless ulcerative lesions per se. Actually, current medications used for leishmaniasis management are characterized by several side effects and, in addition, some cases of the disease are refractory to the treatment. On this background it is mandatory the identification of new and safe candidates for designing less toxic and low-cost remedies. Therefore, the search for new leishmanicidal compounds is indispensable. Methods In the present paper we investigated the effect of orally N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation at dose of 200 mg/Kg for 10 weeks, in subcutaneous Leishmania (L). amazonensis infected BALB/c mice. And evaluating the effect of NAC on inflammatory response such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β levels, and on thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Results In the present paper we showed how NAC supplementation affected parameters of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD), inflammation such as cytokines levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) and mast cell activation and consequently on induced pain, during leishmaniosis in BALB\c mice. Conclusions The findings of our study provided the scientific data demonstrating that L. amazonensis infection induces inflammation and pain in BALB/c mice that are reversed by administration of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- a C.I.S. - Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA.
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Leung PS. The Modulatory Action of Vitamin D on the Renin-Angiotensin System and the Determination of Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132479. [PMID: 31284538 PMCID: PMC6651371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency or hypovitaminosis D is associated with increased risks of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Meanwhile, inappropriate over-activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in the liver leads to the hepatic dysfunction and increased risk of T2DM, such as abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism. Our previous findings have shown that calcitriol, an active metabolite of vitamin D, reduces hepatic triglyceride accumulation and glucose output in diabetic db/db mice and human hepatocellular cell HepG2 cells under insulin-resistant conditions. Notwithstanding the existence of this evidence, the protective action of vitamin D in the modulation of overexpressed RAS-induced metabolic abnormalities in the liver under insulin resistance remains to be elusive and investigated. Herein, we have reported the potential interaction between vitamin D and RAS; and its beneficial effects on the expression and function of the RAS components in HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes under insulin-resistance states. Our study findings suggest that hormonal vitamin D (calcitriol) has modulatory action on the inappropriate upregulation of the hepatic RAS under insulin-resistant conditions. If confirmed, vitamin D supplementation might provide a nutraceutical potential as a cost-effective approach for the management of hepatic metabolic dysfunction as observed in T2DM and related NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Captopril Compared to Methylprednisolone in L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1497-1505. [PMID: 29594979 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease mediated by damage in acinar cells and pancreatic inflammation with infiltration of leukocytes. The pancreatic renin-angiotensin system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AP. AIM The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of captopril (CAP), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in attenuating L-arginine-induced AP rat model and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Forty-eight adult male Wister rats were divided into four equal groups: control group (vehicle, orally for 10 days), AP group (3 g/kg L-arginine, single i.p.) on 10th day of the experiment, CAP group (50 mg/kg captopril, orally, once daily), and MP group (30 mg/kg methylprednisolone, orally, once daily). CAP and MP were administered for 10 days prior to L-arginine injection. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after arginine injection. Inflammatory biomarkers; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression were determined in pancreas. Oxidative stress biomarkers; pancreatic nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured. Moreover, serum α-amylase and lipase activities were measured and histopathological studies of the pancreas were done. RESULTS CAP group showed a significant reduction in pancreatic TNF-α concentration, MPO activity, NO concentration, and downregulation of iNOS gene expression compared to AP group. CAP group also showed a significant increase in GSH concentration with amelioration of histological changes of AP as well as MP group. CONCLUSION Captopril treatment showed a protective and comparable effect with MP treatment in AP rat model.
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Gao S, Park BM, Cha SA, Bae UJ, Park BH, Park WH, Kim SH. Oxidative stress increases the risk of pancreatic β cell damage in chronic renal hypertensive rats. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/16/e12900. [PMID: 27535482 PMCID: PMC5002910 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension often occurs in conjunction with insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether sustained renal hypertension increases the risk of diabetes mellitus in rats, and to define the underlying mechanisms. Two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive (2K1C) rats received captopril (50 mg/kg/day), α-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg/day), or vehicle treatment for 3 months after surgery. Blood pressure was measured by tail cuff plethysmography. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were performed. In addition, insulin secretion from islet cells was measured. OGTT yielded abnormal results, and the number of islet cells and the size of pancreatic β/α cells were decreased in 2K1C rats. Basal insulin levels were also reduced in the plasma. Insulin secretion from pancreatic islet cells in response to high glucose was also attenuated in 2K1C rats compared with sham rats. The levels of oxidative stress markers, including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and NADPH oxidase-4, were increased in pancreatic tissue and pancreatic islets in 2K1C rats. The abnormalities observed in 2K1C rats were improved by captopril or α-lipoic acid treatment. These findings indicate that sustained renal hypertension may lead to pancreatic dysfunction, increasing oxidative stress in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Department of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Byung M Park
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung A Cha
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ui J Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byung H Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Woo H Park
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Suhn H Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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Tissue Renin-Angiotensin System in Lacrimal Gland Fibrosis in a Murine Model of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Cornea 2016; 34 Suppl 11:S142-52. [PMID: 26448172 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a serious complication known to occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical manifestation includes inflammation and fibrosis. Many peripheral tissues are capable of generating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components, called the tissue RAS, and have various roles in tissue-specific physiological and pathological functions of inflammation and fibrosis. This article reviews evidence for the presence of the tissue RAS in the normal mouse lacrimal gland, the role of the tissue RAS in the fibrotic pathogenesis of the lacrimal gland in cGVHD model mice, and the effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers on preventing lacrimal gland fibrosis. B10.D2→BALB/c (H-2d) major histocompatibility complex-compatible, minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched mice were used as a model of cGVHD, which reflects the clinical and pathological symptoms of human cGVHD. We also describe the localization of RAS components in the normal mouse lacrimal gland. In addition, we characterize the inflammatory and fibrotic changes of the lacrimal gland in cGVHD model mice, demonstrate that fibroblasts strongly express angiotensin II, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and angiotensin II type 2 receptor, and show that mRNA expression of angiotensinogen increased in the lacrimal gland of cGVHD model mice. Inhibitory experiments revealed that lacrimal gland fibrosis was suppressed in mice treated with an AT1R blocker, but not in mice treated with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor blocker. Hence, we conclude that the tissue RAS is involved in the fibrotic pathogenesis of the lacrimal gland and that AT1R blockers have a therapeutic effect on lacrimal gland fibrosis in cGVHD model mice.
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Impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the control of parasite loads and inflammation in Leishmania amazonensis infection. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:193. [PMID: 27056545 PMCID: PMC4825088 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) protect the host against a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. ROS have different effects on parasites of the genus Leishmania: some parasites are susceptible to their action, while others seem to be resistant. The role of ROS in L. amazonensis infection in vivo has not been addressed to date. Methods In this study, C57BL/6 wild-type mice (WT) and mice genetically deficient in ROS production by phagocytes (gp91phox−/−) were infected with metacyclic promastigotes of L. amazonensis to address the effect of ROS in parasite control. Inflammatory cytokines, parasite loads and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated. In parallel, in vitro infection of peritoneal macrophages was assessed to determine parasite killing, cytokine, NO and ROS production. Results In vitro results show induction of ROS production by infected peritoneal macrophages, but no effect in parasite killing. Also, ROS do not seem to be important to parasite killing in vivo, but they control lesion sizes at early stages of infection. IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 production did not differ among mouse strains. Myeloperoxidase assay showed augmented neutrophils influx 6 h and 72 h post - infection in gp91phox−/− mice, indicating a larger inflammatory response in gp91phox−/− even at early time points. At later time points, neutrophil numbers in lesions correlated with lesion size: larger lesions in gp91phox−/− at earlier times of infection corresponded to larger neutrophil infiltrates, while larger lesions in WT mice at the later points of infection also displayed larger numbers of neutrophils. Conclusion ROS do not seem to be important in L. amazonensis killing, but they regulate the inflammatory response probably by controlling neutrophils numbers in lesions.
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Pan Z, Feng L, Long H, Wang H, Feng J, Chen F. Effects of Local Pancreatic Renin-Angiotensin System on the Microcirculation of Rat with Severe Acute Pancreatitis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:299-307. [PMID: 26170733 PMCID: PMC4499641 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is normally related to multiorgan dysfunction and local complications. Studies have found that local pancreatic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was significantly upregulated in drug-induced SAP. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of angiotensin II receptors inhibitor valsartan on dual role of RAS in SAP in a rat model and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. 3.8% sodium taurocholate (1 ml/kg) was injected to the pancreatic capsule in order for pancreatitis induction. Rats in the sham group were injected with normal saline in identical locations. We also investigated the regulation of experimentally induced SAP on local RAS expression in the pancreas through determination of the activities of serum amylase, lipase and myeloperoxidase, histological and biochemical analysis, radioimmunoassay, fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. The results indicated that valsartan could effectively suppress the local RAS to protect against experimental acute pancreatitis through inhibition of microcirculation disturbances and inflammation. The results suggest that pancreatic RAS plays a critical role in the regulation of pancreatic functions and demonstrates application potential as AT1 receptor antagonists. Moreover, other RAS inhibitors could be a new therapeutic target in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430050, Hubei, China
| | - Haocheng Long
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430050, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Jiarui Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430050, Hubei, China
| | - Feixiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430050, Hubei, China
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Lei Y, Wang K, Deng L, Chen Y, Nice EC, Huang C. Redox Regulation of Inflammation: Old Elements, a New Story. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:306-40. [PMID: 25171147 DOI: 10.1002/med.21330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Longfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
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Liu R, Qi H, Wang J, Wang Y, Cui L, Wen Y, Yin C. Ulinastatin activates the renin-angiotensin system to ameliorate the pathophysiology of severe acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1328-37. [PMID: 24628092 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ulinastatin is a drug used effectively to alleviate symptoms and improve the pathophysiology of various types of pancreatitis. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for its action remains unknown. Therefore, we further explore the therapeutic effects of ulinastatin and investigate possible molecular pathways modulated by this drug in the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS SAP mouse model was created by administering intraperitoneal injections of cerulein and lipopolysaccharide. Pancreatic injury was assessed by performing biochemical and histological assays and by measuring the inflammatory response of the pancreas. Specifically, we examined changes in the expression of components of the rennin-angiotensin system (RAS), including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II (Ang II)-angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT-1R), and ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor. RESULTS When SAP mouse models were treated with ulinastatin at a dosage of 50,000 U/kg body weight, we found, through biochemical and histopathological analyses, that the pancreatic injury was significantly ameliorated. Administration of ulinastatin to SAP mice led to increased expression of ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and Mas receptor, decreased expression of serum Ang II and pancreatic AT-1R, and no alterations in the expression of pancreatic ACE and Ang II when compared to cerulein-treated control group that did not receive ulinastatin. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that ulinastatin has differential effects on the two axes of the RAS during SAP. Our results further suggest that upregulation of components of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas pathway might be an important mechanism contributing to the therapeutic role of ulinastatin in alleviating pancreatitis-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Liu
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Liu R, Qi H, Wang J, Wang Y, Cui L, Wen Y, Yin C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE and ACE2) imbalance correlates with the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:651-63. [PMID: 24414175 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.074815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its effector peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) degrades Ang II to angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] and has recently been described to have an antagonistic effect on ACE signalling. However, the specific underlying role of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is unclear. In the present study, the local imbalance of ACE and ACE2, as well as Ang II and Ang-(1-7) expression, was compared in wild-type (WT) and ACE2 knock-out (KO) or ACE2 transgenic (TG) mice subjected to cerulein-induced SAP. Serum amylase, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels and histological morphometry were used to determine the severity of pancreatitis. In WT mice, pancreatic ACE and Ang II and serum Ang II expression increased (P < 0.05), while pancreatic ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) and serum Ang-(1-7) levels were also significantly elevated (P < 0.05) from 2 to 72 h after the onset of SAP. However, the ratio of pancreatic ACE2 to ACE expression was significantly reduced (from 1.46 ± 0.09 to 0.27 ± 0.05, P < 0.001) and paralleled the severity of pancreatitis. The Ace2 KO mice exhibited increased levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, multifocal coagulative necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate, and lower levels of serum IL-10 and pancreatic Ang-(1-7) (4.70 ± 2.13 versus 10.87 ± 2.51, P < 0.001) compared with cerulein-treated WT mice at the same time point. Conversely, Ace2 TG mice with normal ACE expression were more resistant to SAP challenge as evidenced by a decreased inflammatory response, attenuated pathological changes and increased survival rates. These data suggest that the ACE2-ACE imbalance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SAP and that pancreatic ACE2 is an important factor in determining the severity of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Liu
- * Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Wang L, Leung PS. The role of renin-angiotensin system in cellular differentiation: implications in pancreatic islet cell development and islet transplantation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:261-71. [PMID: 23994025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the well-characterized circulating renin-angiotensin system (RAS), local RAS has been identified recently in diverse tissues and organs. The presence of key components of the RAS in local tissues is important for our understanding of the patho-physiological mechanism(s) of several metabolic diseases, and may serve as a major therapeutic target for cardiometabolic syndromes. Locally generated and physiologically active RAS components have functions that are distinct from the classical vasoconstriction and fluid homeostasis actions of systemic RAS and cater specifically for local tissues. Local RAS can affect islet-cell function and structure in the adult pancreas as well as proliferation and differentiation of pancreatic stem/progenitor cells during development. Differentiation of stem/progenitor cells into insulin-expressing cells suitable for therapeutic transplantation offers a desperately needed new approach for replacement of glucose-responsive insulin producing cells in diabetic patients. Given that the generation of functional and transplantable islet cells has proven to be difficult, elucidation of RAS involvement in cellular regeneration and differentiation may propel pancreatic stem/progenitor cell development and thus β-cell regeneration forward. This review provides a critical appraisal of current research progress on the role of the RAS, including the newly characterized ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of pancreatic stem/progenitor cells. It is thus plausible to propose that the AT1 stimulation could be a repair mechanism involving the AT2R as well as the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in directing β-cell development in diabetic patients using genetic and pharmaceutical manipulation of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Yaguchi S, Ogawa Y, Shimmura S, Kawakita T, Hatou S, Satofuka S, Nakamura S, Imada T, Miyashita H, Yoshida S, Yaguchi T, Ozawa Y, Mori T, Okamoto S, Kawakami Y, Ishida S, Tsubota K. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist attenuates lacrimal gland, lung, and liver fibrosis in a murine model of chronic graft-versus-host disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64724. [PMID: 23762250 PMCID: PMC3675140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), a serious complication following allogeneic HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation), is characterized by systemic fibrosis. The tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the fibrotic pathogenesis, and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist can attenuate fibrosis. Tissue RAS is present in the lacrimal gland, lung, and liver, and is known to be involved in the fibrotic pathogenesis of the lung and liver. This study aimed to determine whether RAS is involved in fibrotic pathogenesis in the lacrimal gland and to assess the effect of an AT1R antagonist on preventing lacrimal gland, lung, and liver fibrosis in cGVHD model mice. We used the B10.D2→BALB/c (H-2d) MHC-compatible, multiple minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched model, which reflects clinical and pathological symptoms of human cGVHD. First, we examined the localization and expression of RAS components in the lacrimal glands using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Next, we administered an AT1R antagonist (valsartan; 10 mg/kg) or angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist (PD123319; 10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally into cGVHD model mice and assessed the fibrotic change in the lacrimal gland, lung, and liver. We demonstrated that fibroblasts expressed angiotensin II, AT1R, and AT2R, and that the mRNA expression of angiotensinogen was greater in the lacrimal glands of cGVHD model mice than in controls generated by syngeneic-HSCT. The inhibition experiment revealed that fibrosis of the lacrimal gland, lung, and liver was suppressed in mice treated with the AT1R antagonist, but not the AT2R antagonist. We conclude that RAS is involved in fibrotic pathogenesis in the lacrimal gland and that AT1R antagonist has a therapeutic effect on lacrimal gland, lung, and liver fibrosis in cGVHD model mice. Our findings point to AT1R antagonist as a possible target for therapeutic intervention in cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shigeto Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawakita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Hatou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Satofuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Imada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Miyashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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DNA damage and augmented oxidative stress in bone marrow mononuclear cells from Angiotensin-dependent hypertensive mice. Int J Hypertens 2013; 2013:305202. [PMID: 23476745 PMCID: PMC3586517 DOI: 10.1155/2013/305202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that the nonhemodynamic effects of angiotensin II are important for the damage observed in the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension model. Much evidence confirms that angiotensin II is directly involved in NAD(P)H oxidase activation and consequent superoxide anion production, which can damage DNA. The current study was performed to examine the effects of angiotensin-II-dependent hypertension in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC); dihydroethidium staining was used to assess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the comet assay was used to assess DNA fragmentation in 2K1C hypertensive mice 14 days after renal artery clipping. In this study we demonstrated that 2K1C hypertensive mice have an elevated lymphocyte count, while undifferentiated BM-MNC counts were diminished. 2K1C mice also showed an augmented ROS production and marked BM-MNC DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, endogenous renin angiotensin system activation-induced arterial hypertension is characterized by excessive ROS production in BM-MNC, which might cause marked DNA damage.
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Cardiac-autonomic imbalance and baroreflex dysfunction in the renovascular Angiotensin-dependent hypertensive mouse. Int J Hypertens 2012. [PMID: 23193440 PMCID: PMC3502004 DOI: 10.1155/2012/968123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models provide powerful tools for studying the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of the autonomic reflex control of cardiovascular function and those involved in cardiovascular diseases. The established murine model of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) angiotensin II-dependent hypertension represents a useful tool for studying the neural control of cardiovascular function. In this paper, we discuss the main contributions from our laboratory and others regarding cardiac-autonomic imbalance and baroreflex dysfunction. We show recent data from the angiotensin-dependent hypertensive mouse demonstrating DNA damage and oxidative stress using the comet assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, we highlight the relationships between angiotensin and peripheral and central nervous system areas of cardiovascular control and oxidative stress in the 2K1C hypertensive mouse.
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