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Cai XQ, Yang H, Liang BQ, Deng CC, Xue HY, Zhang JJ, Wang XZ. Glutamate rescues heat stress-induced apoptosis of Sertoli cells by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and activating the Trx1-Akt pathway in vitro. Theriogenology 2024; 223:1-10. [PMID: 38642435 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress reduces the number of Sertoli cells, which is closely related to an imbalanced redox status. Glutamate functions to maintain the equilibrium of redox homeostasis. However, the role of glutamate in heat treated Sertoli cells remains unclear. Herein, Sertoli cells from 3-week-old piglets were treated at 44 °C for 30 min (heat stress). Glutamate levels increased significantly following heat stress treatment, followed by a gradual decrease during recovery, while glutathione (GSH) showed a gradual increase. The addition of exogenous glutamate (700 μM) to Sertoli cells before heat stress significantly reduced the heat stress-induced apoptosis rate, mediated by enhanced levels of antioxidant substances (superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and GSH) and reduced levels of oxidative substances (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA)). Glutamate addition to Sertoli cells before heat stress upregulated the levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit (Gclm), glutathione synthetase (Gss), thioredoxin (Trx1) and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and the ratio of phosphorylated Akt (protein kinase B)/total Akt. However, it decreased the levels of Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved-caspase 3. Addition of the inhibitor of glutaminase (Gls1), Bptes (Bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide, 30 μM)to Sertoli cells before heat stress reversed these effects. These results inferred that glutamate rescued heat stress-induced apoptosis in Sertoli cells by enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes and activating the Trx1-Akt pathway. Thus, glutamate supplementation might represent a novel strategy to alleviate the negative effect of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Qing Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Huan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Bing-Qian Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Chen Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yan Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Xian-Zhong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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Veszelyi K, Czegle I, Varga V, Németh CE, Besztercei B, Margittai É. Subcellular Localization of Thioredoxin/Thioredoxin Reductase System-A Missing Link in Endoplasmic Reticulum Redox Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6647. [PMID: 38928353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is usually considered an oxidative environment; however, oxidized thiol-disulfides and reduced pyridine nucleotides occur there parallelly, indicating that the ER lumen lacks components which connect the two systems. Here, we investigated the luminal presence of the thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) proteins, capable of linking the protein thiol and pyridine nucleotide pools in different compartments. It was shown that specific activity of TrxR in the ER is undetectable, whereas higher activities were measured in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. None of the Trx/TrxR isoforms were expressed in the ER by Western blot analysis. Co-localization studies of various isoforms of Trx and TrxR with ER marker Grp94 by immunofluorescent analysis further confirmed their absence from the lumen. The probability of luminal localization of each isoform was also predicted to be very low by several in silico analysis tools. ER-targeted transient transfection of HeLa cells with Trx1 and TrxR1 significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, the absence of this electron transfer chain may explain the uncoupling of the redox systems in the ER lumen, allowing parallel presence of a reduced pyridine nucleotide and a probably oxidized protein pool necessary for cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Veszelyi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viola Varga
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Emese Németh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Besztercei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Hao X, Liu M, Zhang X, Yu H, Fang Z, Gao X, Chen M, Shao Q, Gao W, Lei L, Song Y, Li X, Liu G, Du X. Thioredoxin-2 suppresses hydrogen peroxide-activated nuclear factor kappa B signaling via alleviating oxidative stress in bovine adipocytes. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4045-4055. [PMID: 38246558 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
During the periparturient period, both oxidative stress, and inflammation of adipose tissue are considered high risk factors for metabolic disorder of dairy cows. Oxidative stress can activate transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which lead to the upregulation of genes involved in inflammatory pathways. Thioredoxin-2 (TXN2) is a mitochondrial protein that regulates cellular redox by suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in nonruminant, whereas the function of TXN2 in bovine adipocytes was unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate how or by which mechanisms TXN2 regulates oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling pathway in bovine adipocytes. Bovine pre-adipocytes isolated from 5 healthy Holstein cows were differentiated and used for (1) treatment with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 μM) for 2 h; (2) transfection with or without TXN2 small interfering RNA (si-TXN2) for 48 h and then treated with or without 200 μM H2O2 for 2 h; (3) transfection with scrambled negative control siRNA (si-control) or si-TXN2 for 48 h, and then treatment with or without 10 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 2 h; (4) transfection with or without TXN2-overexpressing plasmid for 48 h and then treatment with or without 200 μM H2O2 for 2 h. High concentrations of H2O2 (200 and 400 μM) decreased protein and mRNA abundance of TXN2, reduced total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and ATP content in adipocytes. Moreover, 200 and 400 μM H2O2 reduced protein abundance of inhibitor of kappa B α (IκBα), increased phosphorylation of NF-κB and upregulated mRNA abundance of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) and interleukin-1B (IL-1B), suggesting that H2O2-induced oxidative stress and activated NF-κB signaling pathway. Silencing of TXN2 increased intracellular ROS content, phosphorylation of NF-κB and mRNA abundance of TNFA and IL-1B, decreased ATP content and protein abundance of IκBα in bovine adipocytes. Knockdown of TXN2 aggravated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, treatment with antioxidant NAC ameliorated oxidative stress and inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway in adipocytes transfected with si-TXN2. In bovine adipocytes treated with H2O2, overexpression of TXN2 reduced the content of ROS and elevated the content of ATP and T-AOC. Overexpression of TXN2 alleviated H2O2-induced inflammatory response in adipocytes, as demonstrated by decreased expression of phosphorylated NF-κB, TNFA, IL-1B, as well as increased expression of IκBα. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA abundance of TXN2 was lower in adipose tissue of dairy cows with clinical ketosis. Overall, our studies contribute to the understanding of the role of TXN2 in adipocyte oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mingchao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xinxing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Yang B, Lin Y, Huang Y, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Thioredoxin (Trx): A redox target and modulator of cellular senescence and aging-related diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103032. [PMID: 38232457 PMCID: PMC10827563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a compact redox-regulatory protein that modulates cellular redox state by reducing oxidized proteins. Trx exhibits dual functionality as an antioxidant and a cofactor for diverse enzymes and transcription factors, thereby exerting influence over their activity and function. Trx has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for various diseases, particularly those associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Recent clinical investigations have underscored the significance of Trx in disease diagnosis, treatment, and mechanistic elucidation. Despite its paramount importance, the intricate interplay between Trx and cellular senescence-a condition characterized by irreversible growth arrest induced by multiple aging stimuli-remains inadequately understood. In this review, our objective is to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the structure and function of Trx, its involvement in redox signaling pathways and cellular senescence, its association with aging and age-related diseases, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. Our review aims to elucidate the novel and extensive role of Trx in senescence while highlighting its implications for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Badalamenti N, Maggio A, Fontana G, Bruno M, Lauricella M, D’Anneo A. Synthetic Derivatives of Natural ent-Kaurane Atractyligenin Disclose Anticancer Properties in Colon Cancer Cells, Triggering Apoptotic Cell Demise. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3925. [PMID: 38612735 PMCID: PMC11011390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The antitumor activity of different ent-kaurane diterpenes has been extensively studied. Several investigations have demonstrated the excellent antitumor activity of synthetic derivatives of the diterpene atractyligenin. In this research, a series of new synthetic amides and their 15,19-di-oxo analogues obtained from atractyligenin by modifying the C-2, C-15, and C-19 positions were designed in order to dispose of a set of derivatives with different substitutions at the amidic nitrogen. Using different concentrations of the obtained compounds (10-300 μM) a reduction in cell viability of HCT116 colon cancer cells was observed at 48 h of treatment. All the di-oxidized compounds were more effective than their alcoholic precursors. The di-oxidized compounds had already reduced the viability of two colon cancer cells (HCT116 and Caco-2) at 24 h when used at low doses (2.5-15 μM), while they turned out to be poorly effective in differentiated Caco-2 cells, a model of polarized enterocytes. The data reported here provide evidence that di-oxidized compounds induced apoptotic cell death, as demonstrated by the appearance of condensed and fragmented DNA in treated cells, as well as the activation of caspase-3 and fragmentation of its target PARP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 60, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Maggio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 60, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Fontana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 60, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 60, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riutilizzo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
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6
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Sookai S, Akerman MP, Munro OQ. Chiral Au(III) chelates exhibit unique NCI-60 cytotoxicity profiles and interactions with human serum albumin. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5089-5104. [PMID: 38375922 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04024k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Au(III) bis(pyrrolide-imine) chelates are emerging as a class of versatile, efficacious metallodrug candidates. Here, we synthesised two enantiopure chiral ligands H2L1 and H2L2 (tetradentate cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-bridged bis(pyrrole-imine) derivatives). Metallation of the ligands with Au(III) afforded the chiral cationic complexes AuL1 and AuL2. The in vitro cytotoxicities of AuL1 and AuL2 determined in the NCI-60 single-dose drug screen were 56.5% and 89.1%, respectively. AuL1 was subsequently selected for a five-dose NCI-60 screen, attaining GI50, IC50, and LC50 values of 4.7, 9.3 and 39.8 μM, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the NCI-60 data indicated that the profile for AuL1 was similar to that of vinblastine sulfate, a microtubule-targeting vinca alkaloid. Reactions of AuL1 with glutathione (GSH) in vitro confirmed its susceptibility to reduction, Au(III) → Au(I), by intracellular thiols. Because human serum albumin (HSA) is responsible for transporting clinically deployed and investigational drugs, we studied the uptake of AuL1 and AuL2 by HSA to delineate how chirality impacts their protein-binding affinity. Steady-state fluorescence quenching data acquired on the native protein and data from site-specific probes showed that the compounds bind at sites close enough to Trp-214 (subdomain IIA) of HSA to quench the fluorophore. The bimolecular quenching rate constants, Kq, were ca. 102 times higher than the maximum diffusion-controlled collision constant of a biomolecule in water (1010 M-1 s-1), confirming that static fluorescence quenching was the dominant mechanism. The Stern-Volmer constants, KSV, were ∼104 M-1 at 37 °C, while the affinity constants, Ka (37 °C), measured ∼2.1 × 104 M-1 (AuL1) and ∼1.2 × 104 M-1 (AuL2) for enthalpy-driven ligand uptake targeting Sudlow's site I. Although far- and near-UV CD spectroscopy indicated that both complexes minimally perturb the secondary and tertiary structure of HSA, substantial shifts in the CD spectra were recorded for both protein-bound ligands. This study highlights the role of chirality in determining the cytotoxicity profiles and protein binding behaviour of enantiomeric Au(III) chelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Sookai
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Matthew P Akerman
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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7
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Xu J, Yu Y, Chen K, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Zou X, Xu X, Jiang Y. Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorate osteoarthritis via inhibiting apoptosis by regulating ROS-mediated ASK1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway targeting on TXN. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129004. [PMID: 38151083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to explore the potential of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) in treating osteoarthritis. The primary component of APS extracted in this study was glucose, and noticeably it had a relatively high content of glucuronic acids. In vitro, APS reduced ROS levels, protected chondrocytes from apoptosis, and promoted collagen II expression by regulating ASK1 (apoptosis-signal-regulating kinase1)/p38 cell apoptosis pathway. Further co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence localization experiments demonstrated that the thioredoxin (TXN) antioxidant system was responsible for its bioactivity. Moreover, TXN silencing remarkably blocked the protective effects of APS, indicating that APS inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis by targeting TXN. In vivo, APS effectively mitigated cartilage loss and chondrocyte apoptosis and decreased expressions of p-ASK1 and p-p38. Collectively, this research first demonstrated that APS could ameliorate osteoarthritis by ASK1/p38 signaling pathway through regulating thioredoxin. In conclusion, APS holds promise as a nutraceutical supplement for osteoarthritis in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaohui Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangjie Zou
- Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianghong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiu Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhao Y, Hu L, Hou Y, Wang Y, Peng Y, Nie X. Toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of naproxen exposure on Daphnia magna including antioxidant system, development, and reproduction. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106794. [PMID: 38064890 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Naproxen (NPX) is one of common non-prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which is widely detected in aquatic environments worldwide due to its high usage and low degradation. NPX exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmacological effects through the inhibition of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase (COX). Given its evolutionarily relatively conserved biological functions, the potential toxic effects of NPX on non-target aquatic organisms deserve more attention. However, the ecotoxicological studies of NPX mainly focused on its acute toxic effects under higher concentrations while the chronic toxic effects under realistic concentrations exposure, especially for the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. In the present study, Daphnia magna, being widely distributed in freshwater aquatic environments, was selected to investigate the toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of NPX via determining the response of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway-mediated antioxidant system in acute exposure, as well as the changes in life-history traits, such as growth, reproduction, and behavior in chronic exposure. The results showed that the short-term exposure to NPX (24 h and 48 h) suppressed ptgs2 expression while activating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and its downstream antioxidant genes (ho-1, sod, cat and trxr). However, with prolonged exposure to 96 h, the opposite performance was observed, the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that D. magna suffered from severe oxidative stress. To maintain homeostasis, the exposed organism may trigger ferroptosis and apoptosis processes with the help of Silent mating type information regulation 2 homologs (SIRTs). The long-term chronic exposure to NPX (21 days) caused toxic effects on D. magna at the individual and population levels, including growth, reproduction and behavior, which may be closely related to the oxidative stress induced by the drug. The present study suggested that more attention should be paid to the ecological risk assessment of NSAIDs including NPX on aquatic non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhao
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Limei Hu
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingshi Hou
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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9
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Wright DE, O’Donoghue P. Biosynthesis, Engineering, and Delivery of Selenoproteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:223. [PMID: 38203392 PMCID: PMC10778597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec) was discovered as the 21st genetically encoded amino acid. In nature, site-directed incorporation of Sec into proteins requires specialized biosynthesis and recoding machinery that evolved distinctly in bacteria compared to archaea and eukaryotes. Many organisms, including higher plants and most fungi, lack the Sec-decoding trait. We review the discovery of Sec and its role in redox enzymes that are essential to human health and important targets in disease. We highlight recent genetic code expansion efforts to engineer site-directed incorporation of Sec in bacteria and yeast. We also review methods to produce selenoproteins with 21 or more amino acids and approaches to delivering recombinant selenoproteins to mammalian cells as new applications for selenoproteins in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Patrick O’Donoghue
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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10
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Hughes DJ, Schomburg L, Jenab M, Biessy C, Méplan C, Moskal A, Sun Q, Demircan K, Fedirko V, Weiderpass E, Mukhtar M, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Schulze M, Nøst TH, Skeie G, Olsen KS, Ricceri F, Grioni S, Palli D, Masala G, Tumino R, Pasanisi F, Amiano P, Colorado Yohar SM, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Ardanaz E, Sund M, Andersson A, Perez-Cornago A, Travis R, Heath AK, Dossus L. Prediagnostic selenium status, selenoprotein gene variants and association with breast cancer risk in a European cohort study. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:381-393. [PMID: 37923090 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) may help prevent breast cancer (BC) development. Owing to limited observational evidence, we investigated whether prediagnostic Se status and/or variants in the selenoprotein genes are associated with BC risk in a large European cohort. Se status was assessed by plasma measures of Se and its major circulating proteins, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), in matched BC case-control pairs (2208 for SELENOP; 1785 for GPX3 and Se) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, n = 452) in 55 selenoprotein and Se metabolic pathway genes and an additional 18 variants previously associated with Se concentrations were extracted from existing genotyping data within EPIC for 1564 case-control pairs. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between Se status markers, SNP variants and BC risk. Overall, there was no statistically significant association of Se status with BC risk. However, higher GPX3 activity was associated with lower risk of premenopausal BC (4th versus 1st quartile, OR = 0.54, 95 % CI: 0.30-0.98, Ptrend = 0.013). While none of the genetic variant associations (P ≤ 0.05) retained significance after multiple testing correction, rs1004243 in the SELENOM selenoprotein gene and two SNPs in the related antioxidant TXN2 gene (rs4821494 and rs5750261) were associated with respective lower and higher risks of BC at a significance threshold of P ≤ 0.01. Fourteen SNPs in twelve Se pathway genes (P ≤ 0.01) in interaction with Se status were also associated with BC risk. Higher Se status does not appear to be associated with BC risk, although activity of the selenoenzyme GPX3 may be inversely associated with premenopausal BC risk, and SNPs in the Se pathway alone or in combination with suboptimal Se status may influence BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Carine Biessy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Méplan
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aurelie Moskal
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France; Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Maryam Mukhtar
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anja Olsen
- Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes, and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthias Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUS Ragusa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pasanisi
- Departiment Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia Federico Ii University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra M Colorado Yohar
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences/Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
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11
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Luo J, Huang Y, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Li G, Cai S, Jian J, Yang S. Heme Oxygenase-1 Is Involved in the Repair of Oxidative Damage Induced by Oxidized Fish Oil in Litopenaeus vannamei by Sulforaphane. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:548. [PMID: 37888483 PMCID: PMC10607972 DOI: 10.3390/md21100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which could be highly induced under the stimulation of oxidative stress, functions in reducing the damage caused by oxidative stress, and sulforaphane (SFN) is an antioxidant. This study aims to investigate whether HO-1 is involved in the repair of oxidative damage induced by oxidized fish oil (OFO) in Litopenaeus vannamei by sulforaphane (SFN). The oxidative stress model of L. vannamei was established by feeding OFO feed (OFO accounts for 6%), and they were divided into the following four groups: control group (injected with dsRNA-EGFP and fed with common feed), dsRNA-HO-1 group (dsRNA-HO-1, common feed), dsRNA-HO-1 + SFN group (dsRNA-HO-1, supplement 50 mg kg-1 SFN feed), and SFN group (dsRNA-EGFP, supplement 50 mg kg-1 SFN feed). The results showed that the expression level of HO-1 in the dsRNA-HO-1 + SFN group was significantly increased compared with the dsRNA-HO-1 group (p < 0.05). The activities of SOD in muscle and GPX in hepatopancreas and serum of the dsRNA-HO-1 group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and MDA content in the dsRNA-HO-1 group was the highest among the four groups. However, SFN treatment increased the activities of GPX and SOD in hepatopancreas, muscle, and serum and significantly reduced the content of MDA (p < 0.05). SFN activated HO-1, upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes (CAT, SOD, GST, GPX, Trx, HIF-1α, Nrf2, prx 2, Hsp 70), and autophagy genes (ATG 3, ATG 5), and stabilized the expression of apoptosis genes (caspase 2, caspase 3) in the hepatopancreas (p < 0.05). In addition, knocking down HO-1 aggravated the vacuolation of hepatopancreas and increased the apoptosis of hepatopancreas, while the supplement of SFN could repair the vacuolation of hepatopancreas and reduce the apoptosis signal. In summary, HO-1 is involved in the repair of the oxidative damage induced by OFO in L. vannamei by SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shiping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (S.C.); (J.J.)
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12
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Zhu M, Dagah OMA, Silaa BB, Lu J. Thioredoxin/Glutaredoxin Systems and Gut Microbiota in NAFLD: Interplay, Mechanism, and Therapeutical Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1680. [PMID: 37759983 PMCID: PMC10525532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common clinical disease, and its pathogenesis is closely linked to oxidative stress and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Recently accumulating evidence indicates that the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems, the two thiol-redox dependent antioxidant systems, are the key players in the NAFLD's development and progression. However, the effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis on the liver thiol-redox systems are not well clarified. This review explores the role and mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by bacteria in NAFLD while emphasizing the crucial interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and Trx mediated-redox regulation. The paper explores how dysbiosis affects the production of specific gut microbiota metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), amino acids, bile acid, and alcohol. These metabolites, in turn, significantly impact liver inflammation, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and cellular damage through thiol-dependent redox signaling. It suggests that comprehensive approaches targeting both gut microbiota dysbiosis and the thiol-redox antioxidant system are essential for effectively preventing and treating NAFLD. Overall, comprehending the intricate relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and thiol-redox systems in NAFLD holds significant promise in enhancing patient outcomes and fostering the development of innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (M.Z.); (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.)
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13
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Chitolina R, Nicola P, Sachett A, Bevilaqua F, Cunico L, Reginatto A, Bertoncello K, Marins K, Zanatta AP, Medeiros M, Lima AS, Parisotto C, Menegatt JCO, Goetten AF, Zimermann FC, Ramos AT, Portela VM, Barreta MH, Conterato GMM, Zanatta L. Subacute exposure to Roundup® changes steroidogenesis and gene expression of the glutathione-glutaredoxin system in rat ovaries: Implications for ovarian toxicity of this glyphosate-based herbicide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 473:116599. [PMID: 37328116 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that glyphosate induces endocrine disruption and may adversely affect the male reproductive system. However, evidence of its effects on ovarian function is poorly understood so far, making further studies necessary on the mechanisms of the glyphosate toxicity in the female reproductive system. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a subacute exposure (28 days) to the glyphosate-based formulation Roundup® (1.05, 10.5 and 105 μg/kg b.w. of glyphosate) on steroidogenesis, oxidative stress, systems involved in cell redox control and histopathological parameters in rat ovaries. Hence we quantify plasma estradiol and progesterone by chemiluminescence; non-protein thiol levels, TBARS, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity by spectrophotometry; gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes and redox systems by real-time PCR; and ovarian follicles by optical microscopy. Our results demonstrated that oral exposure increased progesterone levels and the mRNA expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Histopathological analysis revealed a decrease in the number of primary follicles and an increase in the number of corpus luteum in rats exposed to Roundup®. An imbalance of the oxidative status was also evidenced by decreasing the catalase activity at all groups exposed to the herbicide. Increased lipid peroxidation and gene expression of glutarredoxin and decreased of glutathione reductase were also observed. Our results indicate that Roundup® causes endocrine disruption of hormones related to female fertility and reproduction and changes the oxidative status by altering antioxidant activity, inducing lipid peroxidation, as well as changing the gene expression of the glutathione-glutarredoxin system in rat ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chitolina
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nicola
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Sachett
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bevilaqua
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Lemen Cunico
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Alissara Reginatto
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Kanandra Bertoncello
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Marins
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marta Medeiros
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Acauane S Lima
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi-Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Parisotto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi-Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlo O Menegatt
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi-Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - André F Goetten
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi-Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Francielli C Zimermann
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi-Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriano T Ramos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi-Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Valério M Portela
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi-Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Barreta
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi-Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Greicy Michelle M Conterato
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulisses Gaboardi-Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Leila Zanatta
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Departamento de Enfermagem, Rua 7 de Setembro 77-D, Centro, 89806-152 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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14
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Blagov AV, Orekhova VA, Sukhorukov VN, Melnichenko AA, Orekhov AN. Potential Use of Antioxidant Compounds for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1150. [PMID: 37631065 PMCID: PMC10458684 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, the development of new effective therapeutics to combat them does not lose relevance. Oxidative stress is one of the main pathological processes that determines the progression of IBD. In this regard, antioxidant therapy seems to be a promising approach. The role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of IBD is considered in detail in this review. The main cause of oxidative stress in IBD is an inadequate response of leukocytes to dysbiosis and food components in the intestine. Passage of immune cells through the intestinal barrier leads to increased ROS concentration and the pathological consequences of exposure to oxidative stress based on the development of inflammation and impaired intestinal permeability. To combat oxidative stress in IBD, several promising natural (curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, and melatonin) and artificial antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and artificial superoxide dismutase (aSOD)) that had been shown to be effective in a number of clinical trials have been proposed. Their mechanisms of action on pathological events in IBD and clinical manifestations from their impact have been determined. The prospects for the use of other antioxidants that have not yet been tested in the treatment of IBD, but have the properties of potential therapeutic candidates, have been also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Blagov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (V.A.O.); (V.N.S.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Varvara A. Orekhova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (V.A.O.); (V.N.S.); (A.A.M.)
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (V.A.O.); (V.N.S.); (A.A.M.)
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Melnichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (V.A.O.); (V.N.S.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; (V.A.O.); (V.N.S.); (A.A.M.)
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia
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15
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Song Z, Fan C, Zhao J, Wang L, Duan D, Shen T, Li X. Fluorescent Probes for Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase: Mechanistic Analysis, Construction Strategies, and Future Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:811. [PMID: 37622897 PMCID: PMC10452626 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of numerous signaling pathways is orchestrated by redox regulation of cellular environments. Maintaining dynamic redox homeostasis is of utmost importance for human health, given the common occurrence of altered redox status in various pathological conditions. The cardinal component of the thioredoxin system, mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) plays a vital role in supporting various physiological functions; however, its malfunction, disrupting redox balance, is intimately associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Accordingly, the dynamic monitoring of TrxR of live organisms represents a powerful direction to facilitate the comprehensive understanding and exploration of the profound significance of redox biology in cellular processes. A number of classic assays have been developed for the determination of TrxR activity in biological samples, yet their application is constrained when exploring the real-time dynamics of TrxR activity in live organisms. Fluorescent probes offer several advantages for in situ imaging and the quantification of biological targets, such as non-destructiveness, real-time analysis, and high spatiotemporal resolution. These benefits facilitate the transition from a poise to a flux understanding of cellular targets, further advancing scientific studies in related fields. This review aims to introduce the progress in the development and application of TrxR fluorescent probes in the past years, and it mainly focuses on analyzing their reaction mechanisms, construction strategies, and potential drawbacks. Finally, this study discusses the critical challenges and issues encountered during the development of selective TrxR probes and proposes future directions for their advancement. We anticipate the comprehensive analysis of the present TrxR probes will offer some glitters of enlightenment, and we also expect that this review may shed light on the design and development of novel TrxR probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Song
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Chengwu Fan
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Jintao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China;
| | - Tong Shen
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Xinming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.)
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16
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Wang B, Zhang P, Wang Q, Zou S, Song J, Zhang F, Liu G, Zhang L. Protective Effects of a Jellyfish-Derived Thioredoxin Fused with Cell-Penetrating Peptide TAT-PTD on H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087340. [PMID: 37108504 PMCID: PMC10138494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) plays a critical role in maintaining redox balance in various cells and exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether exogenous Trx can inhibit intracellular oxidative damage has not been investigated. In previous study, we have identified a novel Trx from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata, named CcTrx1, and confirmed its antioxidant activities in vitro. Here, we obtained a recombinant protein, PTD-CcTrx1, which is a fusion of CcTrx1 and protein transduction domain (PTD) of HIV TAT protein. The transmembrane ability and antioxidant activities of PTD-CcTrx1, and its protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HaCaT cells were also detected. Our results revealed that PTD-CcTrx1 exhibited specific transmembrane ability and antioxidant activities, and it could significantly attenuate the intracellular oxidative stress, inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis, and protect HaCaT cells from oxidative damage. The present study provides critical evidence for application of PTD-CcTrx1 as a novel antioxidant to treat skin oxidative damage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, No. 971 Hospital of the PLA Navy, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Marine Biological Injury and Dermatology, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuaijun Zou
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Juxingsi Song
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fuhai Zhang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Schneider MR, Zettler S, Rathkolb B, Dahlhoff M. TXNIP overexpression in mice enhances streptozotocin-induced diabetes severity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 565:111885. [PMID: 36773839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a key player in the endocrine pancreas; it induces beta cell apoptosis, such that TXNIP deficiency promotes beta cell survival. To study its function in more detail, we generated transgenic mice with ubiquitous overexpression of TXNIP. CBATXNIP/+ mice were investigated under basal conditions and after being challenged in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) models. TXNIP overexpression caused no effect in the DIO model, contrasting to the already reported TXNIP-deficient mice. However, in the T1DM background, CBATXNIP/+ animals showed significantly enhanced blood glucose and increased glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test. Finally, the beta cell mass of CBATXNIP/+ transgenic animals in the T1DM model was significantly reduced compared to control littermates. Our study demonstrates that overexpression of TXNIP doesn't affect blood glucose parameters under basal conditions. However, overexpression of TXNIP in a T1DM model enhances the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silja Zettler
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Liu X, Cui H, Li M, Chai Z, Wang H, Jin X, Dai F, Liu Y, Zhou B. Tumor killing by a dietary curcumin mono-carbonyl analog that works as a selective ROS generator via TrxR inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115191. [PMID: 36758308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In comparison with normal cells, cancer cells feature intrinsic oxidative stress, thereby being more vulnerable to further production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by pro-oxidative anticancer agents (PAAs). However, PAAs also inevitably generate ROS in normal cells, resulting in their narrow therapeutic window and toxic side effects that greatly limit their clinical application. To develop PAAs that generate ROS selectively in cancer cells over in normal cells, we rationally designed three series of 21 dietary curcumin 5-carbon mono-carbonyl analogs differentiated by either placement of the cyclohexanone, piperidone, and methylpiperidone linkers, or introduction of electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl and electron-donating methoxyl groups on its two aromatic rings in the ortho, meta, or para position to the linkers. From the designed molecules, 2c, characterized of the presence of the meta-CF3-substituted mode and the piperidone linker, was identified as a potent selective ROS-generating agent, allowing its ability to kill selectively human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 (IC50 = 0.44 μM) over human normal lung MRC-5 cells with a selectivity index of 32.0. Additionally, it was more potent and selective than the conventional chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil and camptothecin) did. Mechanistical investigation reveals that by means of its Michael acceptor unit and structure characteristics as described above, 2c could covalently modify the Sec-498 residue of intracellular thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) to generate ROS selectively, resulting in ROS-dependent apoptosis and ferroptosis of NCI-H460 cells. Noticeably, 2c inhibited significantly the growth of NCI-H460 cell xenograft tumor in nude mice without obvious toxicity to liver and kidney. Together, this work highlights a practical strategy of targeting TrxR overexpressed in cancer cells to develop PAAs capable of generating ROS selectively, as evidenced by the example of 2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hongmei Cui
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Mi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zuohu Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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19
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Xu A, Wei N, Hu H, Zhou S, Huang Y, Kong Q, Bie Z, Nie WF, Cheng F. Thioredoxin h2 inhibits the MPKK5-MPK3 cascade to regulate the CBF-COR signaling pathway in Citrullus lanatus suffering chilling stress. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac256. [PMID: 36778181 PMCID: PMC9907054 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are ubiquitous oxidoreductases and present as a multigenic family. TRXs determine the thiol redox balance, which is crucial for plants in the response to cold stress. However, limited knowledge is available about the role of TRXs in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), which is highly sensitive to chilling stress in agricultural practice. Here, we identified 18 genes encoding 14 typical and 4 atypical TRXs from the watermelon genome, and found that ClTRX h2 localized at the plasma membrane was largely induced by chilling. Virus-induced gene silencing of ClTRX h2 resulted in watermelon plants that were more sensitive to chilling stress. We further found that ClTRX h2 physically interacted with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (ClMPKK5), which was confirmed to phosphorylate and activate ClMPK3 in vitro, and the activation of ClMPK3 by ClMPKK5 was blocked by a point mutation of the Cys-229 residue to Ser in ClMPKK5. Additionally, ClTRX h2 inhibited the chilling-induced activation of ClMPK3, suggesting that the ClMPKK5-ClMPK3 cascade is regulated in a redox-dependent manner. We showed that ClMPK3-silenced plants had increased tolerance to chilling, as well as enhanced transcript abundances of the C-repeat/DREB binding factor (ClCBF) and cold-responsive (ClCOR) genes. Taken together, our results indicate that redox status mediated by ClTRX h2 inhibits ClMPK3 phosphorylation through the interaction between ClTRX h2 and ClMPKK5, which subsequently regulates the CBF-COR signaling pathway when submitted to chilling stress. Hence, our results provide a link between thiol redox balance and MAPK cascade signaling, revealing a conceptual framework to understand how TRX regulates chilling stress tolerance in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nannan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiusheng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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20
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Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) is a powerful antioxidant that reduces protein disulfides to maintain redox stability in cells and is involved in regulating multiple redox-dependent signaling pathways. Recent Advance: The current accumulation of findings suggests that Trx participates in signaling pathways that interact with various proteins to manipulate their dynamic regulation of structure and function. These network pathways are critical for cancer pathogenesis and therapy. Promising clinical advances have been presented by most anticancer agents targeting such signaling pathways. Critical Issues: We herein link the signaling pathways regulated by the Trx system to potential cancer therapeutic opportunities, focusing on the coordination and strengths of the Trx signaling pathways in apoptosis, ferroptosis, immunomodulation, and drug resistance. We also provide a mechanistic network for the exploitation of therapeutic small molecules targeting the Trx signaling pathways. Future Directions: As research data accumulate, future complex networks of Trx-related signaling pathways will gain in detail. In-depth exploration and establishment of these signaling pathways, including Trx upstream and downstream regulatory proteins, will be critical to advancing novel cancer therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 403-424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
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21
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Hu J, Chen L, Lu Z, Yao H, Hu Y, Feng L, Pang Y, Wu JQ, Yu Z, Chen WH. Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Selenium-Containing Tepotinib Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of c-Met and TrxR. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031304. [PMID: 36770971 PMCID: PMC9921947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), an oncogenic transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), plays an essential role in cell proliferation during embryo development and liver regeneration. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is overexpressed and constitutively active in most tumors closely related to cancer recurrence. Multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy provides a logical approach to drug combinations and would adequately address the pathological complexity of cancer. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of selenium-containing tepotinib derivatives by means of selenium-based bioisosteric modifications and evaluated their antiproliferative activity. Most of these selenium-containing hybrids exhibited potent dual inhibitory activity toward c-Met and TrxR. Among them, compound 8b was the most active, with an IC50 value of 10 nM against MHCC97H cells. Studies on the mechanism of action revealed that compound 8b triggered cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and caused ROS accumulations by targeting TrxR, and these effects eventually led to cell apoptosis. These findings strongly suggest that compound 8b serves as a dual inhibitor of c-Met and TrxR, warranting further exploitation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Li Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhonghui Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Han Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Luanqi Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yanqing Pang
- Department of Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (W.-H.C.)
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22
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Lin R, Zhi C, Su Y, Chen J, Gao D, Li S, Shi D. Effect of Echinacea on gut microbiota of immunosuppressed ducks. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1091116. [PMID: 36687592 PMCID: PMC9849568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1091116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunosuppression puts animals in a susceptible state and disrupts the balance of intestinal flora, which can increase the risk of disease and cause serious harm to the farm. Echinacea can exert its immunomodulatory effect in various ways, but its influence on intestinal flora is unclear. Methods Therefore, we investigated the effect of Echinacea extract (EE) on gut microbiota in immunosuppressed ducks by 16s-RNA sequencing in this experiment. Results The results showed that EE significantly improved the weight gain of immunosuppressed ducks (p<0.001). It also increased the immune organ index (p<0.01) and upregulated the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ (p<0.05) as well as IL-2 in the serum. The lesions of the bursa were evident compared to the spleen and thymus. After treatment in the EE group, the lymphocyte count of the bursa returned to healthy levels and the lesions were significantly improved. The diversity analysis showed that neither of the alpha-diversity indices showed a significant difference (p>0.05). However, the EE group had a trend closer to the healthy group compared to the M group. β-diversity analysis revealed a high degree of sample separation between the healthy and immunosuppressed groups. The sequencing result showed a significantly higher relative abundance of Prevotella and Prevotella_UCG_001 in the dexamethasone-treated group, which could be potential biomarkers of dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression. EE increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Alistipes and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus (p<0.05). Conclusion The results showed that Echinacea extract improves the development of immunosuppressed ducks and modulates intestinal immune function by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterial genera in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanping Zhi
- Guangdong Maoming Agriculture and Forestry Technical College, Maoming, China
| | - Yalin Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Debao Gao
- Guangzhou Technician College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Dayou Shi, ✉
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Xinastle-Castillo LO, Landa A. Physiological and modulatory role of thioredoxins in the cellular function. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:2021-2035. [PMID: 36568514 PMCID: PMC9746700 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are a class of ubiquitous and multifunctional protein. Mammal cells present three isoforms: a cytosolic and extracellular called thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), a mitochondrial (TRX2), and one specific in spermatozoids (TRX3). Besides, a truncated form called TRX80 exists, which results from the post-translational cleavage performed on TRX1. TRXs' main function is to maintain the reduction-oxidation homeostasis of the cell, reducing the proteins through a thiol-disulfide exchange that depends on two cysteines located in the active site of the protein (Cys32-X-X-Cys35 in humans). In addition, TRX1 performs S-nitrosylation, a post-translational modification of proteins that depends on cysteines of its C-terminal region (Cys62, Cys69, and Cys73 in human TRX1). These modifications allow the TRXs to modulate the protein function and participate in regulating diverse cellular processes, such as oxidative stress, transcription, signaling cascades, apoptosis, inflammation, and immunologic response. This points out the crucial relevance of TRXs for cell function, signaling it as a strategic target for the treatment of many diseases and its possible use as a therapeutic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Omar Xinastle-Castillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2o Piso. Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Abraham Landa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2o Piso. Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
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24
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Bjørklund G, Zou L, Peana M, Chasapis CT, Hangan T, Lu J, Maes M. The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2161. [PMID: 36358532 PMCID: PMC9686621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, plays a fundamental role in the control of antioxidant defenses, cell proliferation, redox states, and apoptosis. Aberrations in the Trx system may lead to increased oxidative stress toxicity and neurodegenerative processes. This study reviews the role of the Trx system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, brain stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Trx system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of those disorders via multiple interactions through oxidative stress, apoptotic, neuro-immune, and pro-survival pathways. Multiple aberrations in Trx and TrxR systems related to other redox systems and their multiple reciprocal relationships with the neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, and neuro-oxidative pathways are here analyzed. Genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, metals, and toxins) may impact the function of the Trx system, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric disease. Aberrations in the Trx and TrxR systems could be a promising drug target to prevent and treat neurodegenerative, neuro-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative stress processes, and related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Lili Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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25
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Li J, Tang X, Wen X, Ren X, Zhang H, Du Y, Lu J. Mitochondrial Glrx2 Knockout Augments Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091643. [PMID: 36139718 PMCID: PMC9495392 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most widely used drugs with antipyretic and analgesic effects, and thus hepatotoxicity from the overdose of APAP becomes one of the most common forms of drug-induced liver injury. The reaction towards thiol molecules, such as GSH by APAP metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinonimine (NAPQI), is the main cause of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the role of many other thiol-related regulators in toxicity caused by APAP is still unclear. Here we have found that knockout of the Glrx2 gene, which encodes mitochondrial glutaredoxin2 (Grx2), sensitized mice to APAP-caused hepatotoxicity. Glrx2 deletion hindered Nrf2-mediated compensatory recovery of thiol-dependent redox systems after acetaminophen challenge, resulting in a more oxidized cellular state with a further decrease in GSH level, thioredoxin reductase activity, and GSH/GSSG ratio. The weakened feedback regulation capacity of the liver led to higher levels of protein glutathionylation and thioredoxin (both Trx1 and Trx2) oxidation in Glrx2−/− mice. Following the cellular environment oxidation, nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was elevated in the liver of Glrx2−/− mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated that mitochondrial Grx2 deficiency deteriorated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by interrupting thiol-redox compensatory response, enhancing the AIF pathway-mediated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuewen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yatao Du
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13594206128
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Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081613. [PMID: 36009331 PMCID: PMC9405171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of redox homeostasis leads to a condition of resilience known as hormesis that is due to the activation of redox-sensitive pathways stimulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Instead, supraphysiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds antioxidant defence and leads to oxidative distress. This condition induces damage to biomolecules and is responsible or co-responsible for the onset of several chronic pathologies. Thus, a dietary antioxidant supplementation has been proposed in order to prevent aging, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases as well as carcinogenesis. However, this approach has failed to demonstrate efficacy, often leading to harmful side effects, in particular in patients affected by cancer. In this latter case, an approach based on endogenous antioxidant depletion, leading to ROS overproduction, has shown an interesting potential for enhancing susceptibility of patients to anticancer therapies. Therefore, a deep investigation of molecular pathways involved in redox balance is crucial in order to identify new molecular targets useful for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. The review herein provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of ROS and focuses the attention on positive and negative aspects of antioxidant modulation with the intent to find new insights for a successful clinical application.
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27
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Activation of LRP1 Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cognitive Decline by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress through TXNIP/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8729398. [PMID: 36035210 PMCID: PMC9410841 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8729398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a clinical event associated with high morbidity and mortality. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of I/R-induced brain injury and cognitive decline. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) can exert strong neuroprotection in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. However, whether LRP1 can confer neuroprotective effects after cerebral I/R is yet to be elucidated. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of LRP1 activation on cerebral I/R injury and deducing the underlying mechanism involving TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Cerebral I/R injury was induced in mice by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. LPR1 ligand, apoE-mimic peptide COG1410, was administered intraperitoneally. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, overexpression of TXNIP was achieved via the hippocampal injection of AAV-TXNIP before COG1410 treatment. Neurobehavioral tests, brain water content, immunofluorescence, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HE, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining were performed. Our results showed that the expressions of endogenous LRP1, TXNIP, NLRP3, procaspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 were increased after cerebral I/R. COG1410 significantly ameliorated cerebral I/R-induced neurobehavioral deficits, brain edema, histopathological damage, and poor survival rate. Interestingly, COG1410 inhibited microglia proinflammatory polarization and promoted anti-inflammatory polarization, decreased oxidative stress, attenuated apoptosis, and inhibited the expression of the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. However, the benefits of COG1410 were abolished by TXNIP overexpression. Thus, our study suggested that LRP1 activation with COG1410 attenuated cerebral I/R injury at least partially related to modulating microglial polarization through TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway in mice. Thus, COG1410 treatment might serve as a promising therapeutic approach in the management of cerebral I/R patients.
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Li H, Sun L, Jiang Y, Wang B, Wu Z, Sun J, Zhang X, Li H, Zhao X. Identification and characterization of Eimeria tenella EtTrx1 protein. Vet Parasitol 2022; 310:109785. [PMID: 35994916 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a widespread protein regulator of redox reactions in all organisms. It operates together with NADPH and thioredoxin reductase as a general protein disulfide catalytic system. Recently, Trx has been found to be related to the process by which apicomplexan protozoa invade host cells. In this study, Eimeria tenella thioredoxin (EtTrx1) was identified and its gene structural features, expression levels at different developmental stages, localization in sporozoites, roles in adhesion and invasion, and immunogenicity were investigated. Sequence analysis indicated that EtTrx1 contains a Trx domain with a WCGPC motif in 29-33 aa and a typical Trx fold, and belongs to thioredoxin family. EtTrx1 was detected on the surface of sporozoites using anti-EtTrx1 polyclonal antibodies under non-permeabilized conditions by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and also in a secretion form. EtTrx1 protein was highly transcribed and expressed in merozoites and sporozoites by quantitative PCR and western blot. The attachment assay showed that the adherence rates of yeast cells expressing EtTrx1 on the surface to host cells were 3.1-fold higher than those of the blank control. Specific anti-EtTrx1 antibodies inhibited the invasion of sporozoites into DF-1 cells. The highest inhibition rate was up to 36.75% compared to the control group. Immunization with recombinant EtTrx1 peptides also showed significant protection against lethal infections in chickens. It could offer moderate protective efficacy (Anticoccidial Index [ACI]: 163.70), induce humoral responses, and be an effective candidate for the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinkun Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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Murillo MI, Gaiddon C, Le Lagadec R. Targeting of the intracellular redox balance by metal complexes towards anticancer therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:967337. [PMID: 36034648 PMCID: PMC9405673 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.967337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancers is often linked to the alteration of essential redox processes, and therefore, oxidoreductases involved in such mechanisms can be considered as attractive molecular targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies. On the other hand, for more than two decades, transition metals derivatives have been leading the research on drugs as alternatives to platinum-based treatments. The success of such compounds is particularly due to their attractive redox kinetics properties, favorable oxidation states, as well as routes of action different to interactions with DNA, in which redox interactions are crucial. For instance, the activity of oxidoreductases such as PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein) which can regulate angiogenesis in tumors, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) related to glycolysis, and enzymes, such as catalases, SOD (superoxide dismutase), TRX (thioredoxin) or GSH (glutathione) involved in controlling oxidative stress, can be altered by metal effectors. In this review, we wish to discuss recent results on how transition metal complexes have been rationally designed to impact on redox processes, in search for effective and more specific cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Murillo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Strasbourg Université, Inserm UMR_S U1113, IRFAC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ronan Le Lagadec
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ronan Le Lagadec,
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Zhang Q, Wang HY, Nayak A, Nunez-Cruz S, Slupianek A, Liu X, Basappa J, Fan JS, Chekol S, Nejati R, Bogusz AM, Turner SD, Swaminathan K, Wasik MA. Induction of Transcriptional Inhibitor HES1 and the Related Repression of Tumor-Suppressor TXNIP Are Important Components of Cell-Transformation Program Imposed by Oncogenic Kinase NPM-ALK. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1186-1198. [PMID: 35640677 PMCID: PMC9379685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports that hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 (HES1), known to repress gene transcription in progenitor cells of several cell lineages, was strongly expressed in cells and tissues of T-cell lymphoma expressing the oncogenic chimeric tyrosine kinase nucleophosmin (NPM)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK; ALK+ T-cell lymphoma (TCL)]. The structural analysis of the Orange domain of HES1 indicated that HES1 formed a highly stable homodimer. Of note, repression of HES1 expression led to inhibition of ALK+ TCL cell growth in vivo. The expression of the HES1 gene was induced by NPM-ALK through activation of STAT3, which bound to the gene's promoter and induced the gene's transcription. NPM-ALK also directly phosphorylated HES1 protein. In turn, HES1 up-regulated and down-regulated in ALK+ TCL cells, the expression of numerous genes, protein products of which are involved in key cell functions, such as cell proliferation and viability. Among the genes inhibited by HES1 was thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), encoding a protein implicated in promotion of cell death in various types of cells. Accordingly, ALK+ TCL cells and tissues lacked expression of TXNIP, and its transcription was co-inhibited by HES1 and STAT3 in an NPM-ALK-dependent manner. Finally, the induced expression of TXNIP induced massive apoptotic cell death of ALK+ TCL cells. The results reveal a novel NPM-ALK-controlled pro-oncogenic regulatory network and document an important role of HES and TXNIP in the NPM-ALK-driven oncogenesis, with the former protein displaying oncogenic and the latter tumor suppressor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hong Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anindita Nayak
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Selene Nunez-Cruz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Artur Slupianek
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johnvesly Basappa
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing-Song Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seble Chekol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Agata M Bogusz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Ghneim HK, Alfhili MA, Alharbi SO, Alhusayni SM, Abudawood M, Aljaser FS, Al-Sheikh YA. Comprehensive investigations of key mitochondrial metabolic changes in senescent human fibroblasts. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:263-275. [PMID: 35766004 PMCID: PMC9247707 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of detailed data related to the effect of senescence on the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and redox state of senescent human cells. Activities of TCA cycle enzymes, respiratory chain complexes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (SA), lipid peroxides (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), along with levels of nicotinamide cofactors and ATP content were measured in young and senescent human foreskin fibroblasts. Primary and senescent cultures were biochemically identified by monitoring the augmented cellular activities of key glycolytic enzymes including phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase, and accumulation of H2O2, SA, LPO, PCC, and GSSG. Citrate synthase, aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and complex I-III, IIIII, and IV activities were significantly diminished in P25 and P35 cells compared to P5 cells. This was accompanied by significant accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2, SA, LPO, and PCC, along with increased transcriptional and enzymatic activities of TrxR2, SOD2, GPx1, and GR. Notably, the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly reduced whereas NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratios were significantly elevated. Metabolic exhaustion was also evident in senescent cells underscored by the severely diminished ATP/ADP ratio. Profound oxidative stress may contribute, at least in part, to senescence pointing at a potential protective role of antioxidants in aging-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem K. Ghneim
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami O. Alharbi
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shady M. Alhusayni
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feda S. Aljaser
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed A. Al-Sheikh
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Zhu X, Zhang J, Yuwen D, Wei X, Tang C, Zhang W. Plasma thioredoxin reductase: a potential diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:736-745. [PMID: 35709525 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the early detection of gastric cancer (GC), there is a growing need for novel and efficient biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic value of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), which was found to be overexpressed in various malignancies. We found that TXNRD1 has a higher expression level in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and high TXNRD1 expression was significantly associated with poor outcomes of GC patients. Next, a total of 1446 cases were collected, with 896 cases in gastric cancer, 322 in benign gastric disease and 228 in healthy controls. We noticed plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) level in GC [8.4 (7.1, 9.7) U/mL] was significantly higher than that in benign disease [6.1 (5.4, 7.2) U/mL] or healthy controls [3.7 (1.7, 5.6) U/mL]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of TrxR activity for GC diagnosis was set at 5.75 U/mL with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.945. Moreover, a combined panel of TrxR and routine tumor markers could further elevate the diagnostic efficacy compared to a single biomarker. Finally, by measuring pre- and post-treatment TrxR activity and routine tumor markers, we found the change trend of them was broadly consistent, and plasma TrxR activity was significantly decreased in patients treated with platinum/fluorouracil-based therapy. Our findings recommend plasma TrxR activity combined with tumor markers as effective diagnostic tools for GC patients. As well, plasma TrxR has the potential to monitor therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuedan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daolu Yuwen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Liu X, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Duan D, Dai F, Zhou B. Michael acceptor-dependent pro-oxidative intervention against angiogenesis by [6]-dehydroshogaol, a pungent constituent of ginger. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174990. [PMID: 35500643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that ginger and its pungent constituents harbor a wealth of biological activities including cancer chemopreventive activity. However, relatively few researches focus on [6]-dehydroshogaol (6-DHS) compared with other ginger pungent constituents such as [6]-shogaol (6S). In this work, we selected three ginger compounds, 6-DHS, 6S and [6]-paradol (6P) differentiated by the presence and number of the Michael acceptor units, to probe structural basis and mechanism of 6-DHS in inhibiting angiogenesis, a key step for tumor growth and metastasis. It was found that their antiangiogenic activity is significantly dependent on the presence and number of Michael acceptor units. Benefiting from its two Michael acceptor units, 6-DHS is the most potent inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase and depletor of glutathione, thereby being the most active generator of reactive oxygen species, which is responsible for its strongest ability to inhibit angiogenesis. This work highlights 6-DHS being a Michael acceptor-dependent pro-oxidative angiogenesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yalong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dechen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Shen Y, Xie G, Lin S, Zhu L, Zhang H, Yang Z, Cai Z. Metabolomics and proteomics study reveals the effects of benzo[a]pyrene on the viability and migration of KYSE-150 esophageal cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153761. [PMID: 35151731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), has been widely detected in environmental compartments and is highly carcinogenic to humans. Oral ingestion of B[a]P is the dominant exposure pathway. The esophagus acts as the first contact point when B[a]P enters the human body. However, its role in the development of human esophageal cancer is rarely discussed. Herein, we employed untargeted metabolomics in combination with proteomics to explore B[a]P-related intracellular responses in human esophageal cell lines. Our results demonstrated that B[a]P exposure induced significant metabolic disorders, further leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disturbance of the cellular viability process and migration ability of esophageal cells. In response, glutathione (GSH) was consumed to meet the demand for cellular detoxification, and thioredoxin (TXN) was upregulated to balance the cellular redox. These alterations caused the reregulation of some specific protein families, including S100A proteins, ribosomal proteins, and histone H1 proteins. Such changes impeded the viability and migration of esophageal cells, which could adversely affect wound healing of the epithelium. These cellular responses indicate that B[a]P will cause serious cellular damage to esophageal cells and increase the carcinogenic risk even as a result of short-term exposure. SYNOPSIS: Our omics study demonstrated how benzo[a]pyrene hampered the migration of esophageal cells and proposed a plausible mechanism underlying its carcinogenicity, which may contribute to our understanding of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangshan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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Wang J, Zhou J, Wang C, Fukunaga A, Li S, Yodoi J, Tian H. Thioredoxin-1: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883116. [PMID: 35572600 PMCID: PMC9095844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is an important regulator of cellular redox homeostasis that comprises a redox-active dithiol. Trx1 is induced in response to various stress conditions, such as oxidative damage, infection or inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, irradiation, and chemical exposure. It has shown excellent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in the treatment of various human inflammatory disorders in animal models. This review focused on the protective roles and mechanisms of Trx1 in allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, contact dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and drug allergies. Trx1 plays an important role in allergic diseases through processes, such as antioxidation, inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), regulating Th1/Th2 immune balance, modulating allergic inflammatory cells, and suppressing complement activation. The regulatory mechanism of Trx1 differs from that of glucocorticoids that regulates the inflammatory reactions associated with immune response suppression. Furthermore, Trx1 exerts a beneficial effect on glucocorticoid resistance of allergic inflammation by inhibiting the production and internalization of MIF. Our results suggest that Trx1 has the potential for future success in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Cuixue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Biological Response, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China.,Department of Research and Development, Jiaozhimei Biotechnology (Shaoxing) Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
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Tohamy HG, Lebda MA, Sadek KM, Elfeky MS, El-Sayed YS, Samak DH, Hamed HS, Abouzed TK. Biochemical, molecular and cytological impacts of alpha-lipoic acid and Ginkgo biloba in ameliorating testicular dysfunctions induced by silver nanoparticles in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38198-38211. [PMID: 35067888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly utilized in medicine. However, they have negative effects on the majority of organs, including the reproductive system. AgNPs were reported to be able to reach the testicular tissues due to their nano size, which allows them to pass through blood-testicular barriers. The goal of this study was to see if alpha-lipoic acid (LA) or Ginkgo biloba (GB) might protect adult rat testes after intraperitoneal injection of AgNPs. Forty male healthy adult Wister albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, AgNPs-intoxicated group intraperitoneally injected AgNPs 50 mg/kg b.w, 3 times a week; LA + AgNPs group intoxicated with AgNPs and orally gavaged with 100 mg LA/kg b.w; and GB + AgNPs group injected with AgNPs and orally given GB extract 120 mg/kg b.w for 30 consecutive days. Biochemical changes (testosterone, ACP, and prostatic acid phosphatase), oxidative indices, mRNA expression of proapoptotic (BAX) and anti-apoptotic (BCL-2) biomarkers, histological, and immunohistochemical changes in testicular tissues were investigated. Significant decrease in serum testosterone level and elevation in ACP and PACP enzyme activity in AgNPs-treated rats. As well, there were lowering in tGSH, GSH GR, GPx, and elevation in MDA and GSSG values. AgNPs-exposed rats expressed downregulation of testicular thirodexin-1 (Txn-1), transforming growth factor-1β (TGF-1β), anti-apoptotic (BCL-2), and upregulaion of proapoptotic biomarkers (BAX) mRNA expressions. Strong positive action to BAX and lowering the action of Ki-67 antibody were observed. Because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, cotreatment with LA or GB could be beneficial in reducing the harmful effects of AgNPs on the testicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam G Tohamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Elfeky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Dalia H Samak
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Heba S Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt
| | - Tarek K Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt
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TXNIP: A Double-Edged Sword in Disease and Therapeutic Outlook. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7805115. [PMID: 35450411 PMCID: PMC9017576 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7805115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was originally named vitamin D3 upregulated protein-1 (VDUP1) because of its ability to bind to thioredoxin (TRX) and inhibit TRX function and expression. TXNIP is an alpha-arrestin protein that is essential for redox homeostasis in the human body. TXNIP may act as a double-edged sword in the cell. The balance of TXNIP is crucial. A study has shown that TXNIP can travel between diverse intracellular locations and bind to different proteins to play different roles under oxidative stress. The primary function of TXNIP is to induce apoptosis or pyroptosis under oxidative stress. TXNIP also inhibits proliferation and migration in cancer cells, although TXNIP levels decrease, and function diminishes in various cancers. In this review, we summarized the main structure, binding proteins, pathways, and the role of TXNIP in diseases, aiming to explore the double-edged sword role of TXNIP, and expect it to be helpful for future treatment using TXNIP as a therapeutic target.
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Yang YP, Qi FJ, Zheng YL, Duan DC, Bao XZ, Dai F, Zhang S, Zhou B. Fast Imaging of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Reductase Using a Styrylpyridinium-Based Two-Photon Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4970-4978. [PMID: 35297621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a pivotal antioxidant enzyme, but there remains a challenge for its fast imaging. This work describes the combination of a hydroxyl styrylpyridinium scaffold as the push-pull fluorophore with a carbonate-bridged 1,2-dithiolane unit as the reaction site to develop a fast mitochondrial TrxR2 probe, DSMP. It manifested a plethora of excellent properties including a rapid specific response (12 min), large Stokes shift (170 nm), ratiometric two-photon imaging, favorable binding with TrxR (Km = 12.5 ± 0.2 μM), and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. With the aid of DSMP, we visualized the increased mitochondrial TrxR2 activity in cancer cells compared to normal cells. This offers the direct imaging evidence of the connection between the increased TrxR2 activity and the development of cancer. Additionally, the probe allowed the visualization of the loss in TrxR2 activity in a cellular Parkinson's disease model and, more importantly, in mouse brain tissues of a middle cerebral artery occlusion model for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Jian Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Long Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - De-Chen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xia-Zhen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Patwardhan RS, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Thioredoxin reductase: An emerging pharmacologic target for radiosensitization of cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 17:101341. [PMID: 35078017 PMCID: PMC8790659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel agents are required to increase the radiosensitivity of cancer and improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) reduce the oxidized cysteine thiols in several proteins, which regulate cellular redox, survival, proliferation, DNA synthesis, transcription factor activity and apoptosis. TrxR is essential for maintaining a conducive redox state for tumor growth, survival and resistance to therapy. Therefore, it is an appealing pharmacological target for the radiosensitization of tumors. Ionizing radiation (IR) is known to cause cytotoxicity through ROS, oxidative stress and DNA damage. Inhibition of thioredoxin system augments IR induced oxidative stress and potentiates cytotoxic effects. However, TrxR also regulates several critical cellular processes in normal cells. Here, we highlight the pre-clinical research and pharmacological studies to surmise possible utility of different TrxR inhibitors for radiosensitization. This review provides a succinct perspective on the role of TrxR inhibitors during the radiotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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A proximity-based in silico approach to identify redox-labile disulfide bonds: The example of FVIII. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262409. [PMID: 35130281 PMCID: PMC8820644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric disulfide bonds permit highly responsive, transient ‘switch-like’ properties that are ideal for processes like coagulation and inflammation that require rapid and localised responses to damage or injury. Haemophilia A (HA) is a rare bleeding disorder managed with exogenous coagulation factor(F) VIII products. FVIII has eight disulfide bonds and is known to be redox labile, but it is not known how reduction/oxidation affects the structure-function relationship, or its immunogenicity—a serious complication for 30% severe HA patients. Understanding how redox-mediated changes influence FVIII can inform molecular engineering strategies aimed at improving activity and stability, and reducing immunogenicity. FVIII is a challenging molecule to work with owing to its poor expression and instability so, in a proof-of-concept study, we used molecular dynamics (MD) to identify which disulfide bonds were most likely to be reduced and how this would affect structure/function; results were then experimentally verified. MD identified Cys1899-Cys1903 disulfide as the most likely to undergo reduction based on energy and proximity criteria. Further MD suggested this reduction led to a more open conformation. Here we present our findings and highlight the value of MD approaches.
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Yang Y, Zhai H, Yuan J, Wang K, Zhang H. Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probes for Flavinase Activity: Design and Applications. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200043. [PMID: 35174973 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavinases, including monoamine oxidase (MAO-A/MAO-B), quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), nitroreductase (NTR) and so on, are important redox enzymes in organisms. They are considered as biomarkers of cell energy metabolism and cell vitality. Importantly, their aberrant expression is related to various disease processes. Therefore, the accurate measurement of flavinase is useful for the early diagnosis of diseases, which has aroused great concern in the scientific community. Various methods are also available for the detection of flavinases, fluorescence probes are considered to be one of the best detection methods due to their easy and accurate sensing capability. This review aims to introduce the advances in the design and application of flavinase probes in the last five years. This study focuses on analyzing the design strategies and reaction mechanisms of flavinases fluorescent probes and discusses the current challenges, which will further advance the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for flavinase-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Yang
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Hongchen Zhai
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chenistry and chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jie Yuan
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kui Wang
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Henan Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 46 Jianshe Road, Muye Zone,, 453007, Xinxiang, CHINA
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42
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Wang Q, Chen W, Zhang B, Gao Z, Zhang Q, Deng H, Han L, Shen XL. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces hepatocellular endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in vitro via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria communication. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Zuo X, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Ouyang Y, Qian W, Hou Y, Yu C, Ren X, Zou L, Fang J, Lu J. A fluorescent probe for specifically measuring the overall thioredoxin and glutaredoxin reducing activity in bacterial cells. Analyst 2022; 147:834-840. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an01644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Both bacterial thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems can reduce TRFS-green selectively, which confers TRFS-green to be a remarkable probe to detect the dominant disulfide reductase activity with a slow reaction rate in bacteria, e. g. E. coli Grx2&3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jintao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Yanfang Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yinmei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lili Zou
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 443000 Yichang, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Bhabak KP, Mahato SK, Bhattacherjee D, Barman P. Thioredoxin Reductase-triggered Fluorogenic Donor of Hydrogen Sulfide: A Model Study with Symmetrical Organopolysulfide Probe with Turn-on Near-Infrared Fluorescence Emission. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2183-2193. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the rational development of organopolysulfide-based fluorogenic donor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) DCI-PS, which can be activated by the antioxidant selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with concomitant release of...
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45
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El Hadri K, Smith R, Duplus E, El Amri C. Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Senescence in Atherosclerosis: Thioredoxine-1 as an Emerging Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010077. [PMID: 35008500 PMCID: PMC8744732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) worldwide and intimately linked to aging. This pathology is characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, gradual accumulation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) particles and fibrous elements in focal areas of large and medium arteries. These fibrofatty lesions in the artery wall become progressively unstable and thrombogenic leading to heart attack, stroke or other severe heart ischemic syndromes. Elevated blood levels of LDL are major triggering events for atherosclerosis. A cascade of molecular and cellular events results in the atherosclerotic plaque formation, evolution, and rupture. Moreover, the senescence of multiple cell types present in the vasculature were reported to contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization. Classical therapeutic interventions consist of lipid-lowering drugs, anti-inflammatory and life style dispositions. Moreover, targeting oxidative stress by developing innovative antioxidant agents or boosting antioxidant systems is also a well-established strategy. Accumulation of senescent cells (SC) is also another important feature of atherosclerosis and was detected in various models. Hence, targeting SCs appears as an emerging therapeutic option, since senolytic agents favorably disturb atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we propose a survey of the impact of inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence in atherosclerosis; and the emerging therapeutic options, including thioredoxin-based approaches such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic strategy with promising potential of senomodulation.
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Duan D, Wang Y, Jin X, Li M, Wang L, Yan Y, Xiao J, Song P, Wang X. Natural diterpenoid eriocalyxin B covalently modifies glutathione and selectively inhibits thioredoxin reductase inducing potent oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma RKO cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:15-23. [PMID: 34656698 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the significant contribution of high levels of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in various stages of tumorigenesis and resistance to tumor chemotherapy. Thus, inhibition of TrxR with small molecules is an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Eriocalyxin B (EriB), a naturally occurring diterpenoid extracted from Isodon eriocalyx, has reflected potential anticancer activities through numerous pathways. Here, we describe that EriB covalently modifies GSH and selectively inhibits TrxR activity by targeting the Sec residue of the enzyme. Pharmacological inhibition of TrxR by EriB results in elevated ROS levels, reduced total GSH and thiols content, which ultimately induced potent RKO cell apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress. Importantly, EriB indicates potent synthetic lethality with GSH inhibitors, BSO, in RKO cells. In summary, our results highlight that targeting TrxR by EriB explores a novel mechanism for the biological action of EriB. This opened up a new therapeutic indication for using EriB to combat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China.
| | - Yanru Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mi Li
- School of Pharmacy and Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Le Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Yunyun Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Peng Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases By TCM, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China.
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Zhang J, Zheng ZQ, Xu Q, Li Y, Gao K, Fang J. Onopordopicrin from the new genus Shangwua as a novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor to induce oxidative stress-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:790-801. [PMID: 33733960 PMCID: PMC7993383 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1899169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation and identification of natural products from plants is an essential approach for discovering drug candidates. Herein we report the characterization of three sesquiterpene lactones from a new genus Shangwua, e.g. onopordopicrin (ONP), C2, and C3, and evaluation of their pharmacological functions in interfering cellular redox signaling. Compared to C2 and C3, ONP shows the most potency in killing cancer cells. Further experiments demonstrate that ONP robustly inhibits thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which leads to perturbation of cellular redox homeostasis with the favor of oxidative stress. Knockdown of the TrxR sensitizes cells to the ONP treatment while overexpression of the enzyme reduces the potency of ONP, underpinning the correlation of TrxR inhibition to the cytotoxicity of ONP. The discovery of ONP expands the library of the natural TrxR inhibitors, and the disclosure of the action mechanism of ONP provides a foundation for the further development of ONP as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zai-Qin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianhe Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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48
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Bisdemethoxycurcumin Protects Small Intestine from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Activating Mitochondrial Antioxidant Systems and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Broiler Chickens. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9927864. [PMID: 34795844 PMCID: PMC8595021 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9927864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bisdemethoxycurcumin is one of the three curcuminoids of turmeric and exhibits good antioxidant activity in animal models. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of bisdemethoxycurcumin on small intestinal mitochondrial dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated broilers, especially on the mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 system and mitochondrial biogenesis. A total of 320 broiler chickens were randomly assigned into four experimental diets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with diet (0 and 150 mg/kg bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation) and stress (saline or LPS challenge) for 20 days. Broilers received a dose of LPS (1 mg/kg body weight) or sterile saline intraperitoneally on days 16, 18, and 20 of the trial. Bisdemethoxycurcumin mitigated the mitochondrial dysfunction of jejunum and ileum induced by LPS, as evident by the reduced reactive oxygen species levels and the increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Bisdemethoxycurcumin partially reversed the decrease in the mitochondrial DNA copy number and the depletion of ATP levels. Bisdemethoxycurcumin activated the mitochondrial antioxidant response, including the prevention of lipid peroxidation, enhancement of manganese superoxide dismutase activity, and the upregulation of the mitochondrial glutaredoxin 5 and thioredoxin 2 system. The enhanced mitochondrial respiratory complex activities in jejunum and ileum were also attributed to bisdemethoxycurcumin treatment. In addition, bisdemethoxycurcumin induced mitochondrial biogenesis via transcriptional regulation of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the potential of bisdemethoxycurcumin to attenuate small intestinal mitochondrial dysfunction, which might be mediated via activating the mitochondrial antioxidant system and mitochondrial biogenesis in LPS-treated broilers.
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Chandrasekaran A, Dittlau KS, Corsi GI, Haukedal H, Doncheva NT, Ramakrishna S, Ambardar S, Salcedo C, Schmidt SI, Zhang Y, Cirera S, Pihl M, Schmid B, Nielsen TT, Nielsen JE, Kolko M, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A, Hyttel P, Palakodeti D, Gorodkin J, Muddashetty RS, Meyer M, Aldana BI, Freude KK. Astrocytic reactivity triggered by defective autophagy and metabolic failure causes neurotoxicity in frontotemporal dementia type 3. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2736-2751. [PMID: 34678206 PMCID: PMC8581052 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia type 3 (FTD3), caused by a point mutation in the charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B), affects mitochondrial ultrastructure and the endolysosomal pathway in neurons. To dissect the astrocyte-specific impact of mutant CHMP2B expression, we generated astrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and confirmed our findings in CHMP2B mutant mice. Our data provide mechanistic insights into how defective autophagy causes perturbed mitochondrial dynamics with impaired glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species, and elongated mitochondrial morphology, indicating increased mitochondrial fusion in FTD3 astrocytes. This shift in astrocyte homeostasis triggers a reactive astrocyte phenotype and increased release of toxic cytokines, which accumulate in nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) pathway activation with increased production of CHF, LCN2, and C3 causing neurodegeneration. FTD3 iPSC-derived astrocytes display impaired autophagy Impaired autophagy affects mitochondria turnover, glucose hypometabolism and TCA cycle FTD3 astrocytes contribute to reactive gliosis by increased C3, LCN2, IL6, and IL8 Reactive astrocyte phenotypes are present in both in vitro and in vivo models
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Giulia I Corsi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Nadezhda T Doncheva
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sarayu Ramakrishna
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India; The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sheetal Ambardar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India; National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sissel I Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Maria Pihl
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | | | - Troels Tolstrup Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Ravi S Muddashetty
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
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Rana K, Ding Y, Banga SS, Liao H, Zhao S, Yu Y, Qian W. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Thioredoxin1 (SsTrx1) is required for pathogenicity and oxidative stress tolerance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1413-1426. [PMID: 34459563 PMCID: PMC8518572 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infects host plant tissues by inducing necrosis to source nutrients needed for its establishment. Tissue necrosis results from an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of infection and apoptosis. Pathogens have evolved ROS scavenging mechanisms to withstand host-induced oxidative damage. However, the genes associated with ROS scavenging pathways are yet to be fully investigated in S. sclerotiorum. We selected the S. sclerotiorum Thioredoxin1 gene (SsTrx1) for our investigations as its expression is significantly induced during S. sclerotiorum infection. RNA interference-induced silencing of SsTrx1 in S. sclerotiorum affected the hyphal growth rate, mycelial morphology, and sclerotial development under in vitro conditions. These outcomes confirmed the involvement of SsTrx1 in promoting pathogenicity and oxidative stress tolerance of S. sclerotiorum. We next constructed an SsTrx1-based host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) vector and mobilized it into Arabidopsis thaliana (HIGS-A) and Nicotiana benthamiana (HIGS-N). The disease resistance analysis revealed significantly reduced pathogenicity and disease progression in the transformed genotypes as compared to the nontransformed and empty vector controls. The relative gene expression of SsTrx1 increased under oxidative stress. Taken together, our results show that normal expression of SsTrx1 is crucial for pathogenicity and oxidative stress tolerance of S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Rana
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland AgricultureMinistry of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Yijuan Ding
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland AgricultureMinistry of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Surinder S. Banga
- Department of Plant Breeding and GeneticsPunjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia
| | - Hongmei Liao
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland AgricultureMinistry of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Siqi Zhao
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland AgricultureMinistry of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland AgricultureMinistry of EducationChongqingChina
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