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Begolli R, Chatziangelou M, Samiotaki M, Goutas A, Barda S, Goutzourelas N, Kevrekidis DP, Malea P, Trachana V, Liu M, Lin X, Kollatos N, Stagos D, Giakountis A. Transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals the anti-cancer properties of Hypnea musciformis marine macroalga extract in liver and intestinal cancer cells. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:71. [PMID: 37525271 PMCID: PMC10388463 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine seaweeds are considered as a rich source of health-promoting compounds by the food and pharmaceutical industry. Hypnea musciformis is a marine red macroalga (seaweed) that is widely distributed throughout the world, including the Mediterranean Sea. It is known to contain various bioactive compounds, including sulfated polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phlorotannins. Recent studies have investigated the potential anticancer effects of extracts from H. musciformis demonstrating their cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. The anticancer effects of these extracts are thought to be due to the presence of bioactive compounds, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, which have been shown to have anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie their anticancer effects and to determine their potential as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. METHODS H. musciformis was collected from the Aegean Sea (Greece) and used for extract preparation. Transcriptome and proteome analysis was performed in liver and colon cancer human cell lines following treatment with H. musciformis seaweed extracts to characterize its anticancer effect in detail at the molecular level and to link transcriptome and proteome responses to the observed phenotypes in cancer cells. RESULTS We have identified that treatment with the seaweed extract triggers a p53-mediated response at the transcriptional and protein level in liver cancer cells, in contrast to colon cancer cells in which the effects are more associated with metabolic changes. Furthermore, we show that in treated HepG2 liver cancer cells, p53 interacts with the chromatin of several target genes and facilitates their upregulation possibly through the recruitment of the p300 co-activator. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the available evidence suggests that extracts from H. musciformis have the potential to serve as a source of anticancer agents in liver cancer cells mainly through activation of a p53-mediated anti-tumor response that is linked to inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodiola Begolli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Myrto Chatziangelou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Goutas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sofia Barda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Phaedon Kevrekidis
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, 12 Binhai Rd, Qinzhou, 535011, Guangxi, China
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Antonis Giakountis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
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Boretti A. Natural Products as Cancer Chemo Preventive Agents: Where We Stand. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221144579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work briefly reviews cancer chemoprevention. This is a very challenging field, as products with a high level of toxicity such as chemotherapeutic agents may be proposed and accepted only under life-threatening conditions. Cancer chemoprevention is otherwise limited to completely safe substances, preferably having neither toxic nor side effects, administered in relatively low amounts. Phases of clinical trials, therapeutic end-points, and biomarkers of chemoprevention are difficult to be defined. The clinical trials needed to prove the efficacy of chemopreventive agents must be very long and extremely widespread to achieve significance, with many variables difficult to control, and therefore subjected to many confounding factors. This makes them almost impossible. It is, therefore, no surprise, if the progress of chemoprevention has been so far very limited. There are only a few examples of direct use of chemopreventive agents, under investigation, but with anything but established protocols, in addition to indirect uses such as general supplementation with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-supportive agents. Cancer chemoprevention remains a potentially very rewarding approach, certainly worth further study, but extremely difficult to pursue, in need of different methodological approaches to producing valuable chemopreventive compounds of clear dosages and benefits.
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Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of porphyran, a sulfated galactan. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pradhan B, Bhuyan PP, Patra S, Nayak R, Behera PK, Behera C, Behera AK, Ki JS, Jena M. Beneficial effects of seaweeds and seaweed-derived bioactive compounds: Current evidence and future prospective. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Khaw YS, Yusoff FM, Tan HT, Noor Mazli NAI, Nazarudin MF, Shaharuddin NA, Omar AR. The Critical Studies of Fucoxanthin Research Trends from 1928 to June 2021: A Bibliometric Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110606. [PMID: 34822476 PMCID: PMC8623609 DOI: 10.3390/md19110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a major carotenoid in brown macroalgae and diatoms that possesses a broad spectrum of health benefits. This review evaluated the research trends of the fucoxanthin field from 1928 to June 2021 using the bibliometric method. The present findings unraveled that the fucoxanthin field has grown quickly in recent years with a total of 2080 publications. Japan was the most active country in producing fucoxanthin publications. Three Japan institutes were listed in the top ten productive institutions, with Hokkaido University being the most prominent institutional contributor in publishing fucoxanthin articles. The most relevant subject area on fucoxanthin was the agricultural and biological sciences category, while most fucoxanthin articles were published in Marine Drugs. A total of four research concepts emerged based on the bibliometric keywords analysis: “bioactivities”, “photosynthesis”, “optimization of process’’, and “environment”. The “bioactivities” of fucoxanthin was identified as the priority in future research. The current analysis highlighted the importance of collaboration and suggested that global collaboration could be the key to valorizing and efficiently boosting the consumer acceptability of fucoxanthin. The present bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the research trends of fucoxanthin to construct a better future development of this treasurable carotenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Sim Khaw
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.S.K.); (H.T.T.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Fatimah Md. Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-89408311
| | - Hui Teng Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.S.K.); (H.T.T.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Nur Amirah Izyan Noor Mazli
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.S.K.); (H.T.T.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Y.S.K.); (H.T.T.); (N.A.I.N.M.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Noor Azmi Shaharuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutic, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Matulja D, Grbčić P, Bojanić K, Topić-Popović N, Čož-Rakovac R, Laclef S, Šmuc T, Jović O, Marković D, Pavelić SK. Chemical Evaluation, Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of Organic Extract and Semi-Purified Fractions of the Adriatic Sea Fan, Eunicella cavolini. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195751. [PMID: 34641295 PMCID: PMC8510138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to sedentary lifestyle and harsh environmental conditions, gorgonian coral extracts are recognized as a rich source of novel compounds with various biological activities, of interest to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The presented study aimed to perform chemical screening of organic extracts and semi-purified fractions obtained from the common Adriatic gorgonian, sea fan, Eunicella cavolini (Koch, 1887) and explore its abilities to exert different biological effects in vitro. Qualitative chemical evaluation revealed the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites extended with mass spectrometry analysis and tentative dereplication by using Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking online platform (GNPS). Furthermore, fractions F4 and F3 showed the highest phenolic (3.28 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g sample) and carotene (23.11 ± 2.48 mg β-CA/g sample) content, respectively. The fraction F3 inhibited 50% of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-yl) sulfonic acid) radicals at the concentrations of 767.09 ± 11.57 and 157.16 ± 10.83 µg/mL, respectively. The highest anti-inflammatory potential was exhibited by F2 (IC50 = 198.70 ± 28.77 µg/mL) regarding the inhibition of albumin denaturation and F1 (IC50 = 254.49 ± 49.17 µg/mL) in terms of soybean lipoxygenase inhibition. In addition, the most pronounced antiproliferative effects were observed for all samples (IC50 ranging from 0.82 ± 0.14–231.18 ± 46.13 µg/mL) against several carcinoma cell lines, but also towards non-transformed human fibroblasts pointing to a generally cytotoxic effect. In addition, the antibacterial activity was tested by broth microdilution assay against three human pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The latter was the most affected by fractions F2 and F3. Finally, further purification, isolation and characterization of pure compounds from the most active fractions are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Matulja
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Petra Grbčić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Krunoslav Bojanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Natalija Topić-Popović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Sylvain Laclef
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) UMR CNRS 7378—Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France;
| | - Tomislav Šmuc
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Ozren Jović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.B.); (N.T.-P.); (R.Č.-R.); (T.Š.); (O.J.)
| | - Dean Marković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.K.P.); Tel.: +385-91-500-8676 (D.M.); +385-51-688-266 (S.K.P.)
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (S.K.P.); Tel.: +385-91-500-8676 (D.M.); +385-51-688-266 (S.K.P.)
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A Systematic Review on Seaweed Functionality: A Sustainable Bio-Based Material. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable development is an integrated approach to tackle ongoing global challenges such as resource depletion, environmental degradation, and climate change. However, a paradigm shift from a fossil-based economy to a bio-based economy must accomplish the circularity principles in order to be sustainable as a solution. The exploration of new feedstock possibilities has potential to unlock the bio-based economy’s true potential, wherein a cascading approach would maximize value creation. Seaweed has distinctive chemical properties, a fast growth rate, and other promising benefits beyond its application as food, making it a suitable candidate to substitute fossil-based products. Economic and environmental aspects can make seaweed a lucrative business; however, seasonal variation, cultivation, harvesting, and product development challenges have yet not been considered. Therefore, a clear forward path is needed to consider all aspects, which would lead to the commercialization of financially viable seaweed-based bioproducts. In this article, seaweed’s capability and probable functionality to aid the bio-based economy are systematically discussed. The possible biorefinery approaches, along with its environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, are also dealt with. Ultimately, the developmental process, by-product promotion, financial assistance, and social acceptance approach are summarized, which is essential when considering seaweed-based products’ feasibility. Besides keeping feedstock and innovative technologies at the center of bio-economy transformation, it is imperative to follow sustainable-led management practices to meet sustainable development goals.
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Chuang SY, Chang HY, Fang HL, Lee SC, Hsu YY, Yeh WT, Liu WL, Pan WH. The Healthy Taiwanese Eating Approach is inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A prospective study on the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 1993-1996. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251189. [PMID: 33956833 PMCID: PMC8101962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few longitudinal studies have investigated the association between foods/dietary pattern and mortality risk in the Asian population. We investigated the prospective association between foods/dietary pattern and risk of death among ethnic Chinese adults in Taiwan. Methods The study population included 2475 young and middle-aged adults (aged 18–65 years at baseline) who completed the questionnaires and physical examinations in the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan from 1993 to 1996. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to assess food consumption habits in a face-to-face interview. With survey data linked to the Taiwanese Death Registry, Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the foods associated with all-cause mortality(followed until 2012), which were then tallied to calculate a dietary pattern score called Taiwanese Eating Approach(TEA) score. The TEA scores were then associated with various kinds of mortality outcomes. In addition, data from 431 elders (aged≥65 yrs) with 288 death endpoints were used to conduct a sensitivity analysis. Results A total of 385(15.6%) participants died (111 cardiovascular related deaths and 122 cancer related deaths) during the 17.8-year follow-up period(41274 person-years). Twelve foods (9 inverse [vegetables/fish/milk/tea](+1) and 3 positive[fatty meats/fermented vegetables/sweet drinks](-1)) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk. All adults were grouped by their cumulative food score into three diet groups: poor diet(29.3% of all subjects), average diet(44.0%), and healthy diet(26.70%). The better the diet, the lower the total, cardiovascular, and other cause mortality outcomes (trend-p < .001). The hazard ratio for the healthy diet was 0.64 (95% confidence interval:0.47–0.87) for total mortality, and 0.52(0.28–0.95) for cardiovascular death, compared with the poor diet in the multivariable models. This phenomenon was also seen in older adults for all-cause, cancer, and other cause mortalities. Conclusion Consuming a healthy Taiwanese Eating Approach (TEA) diet is negatively associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and other-cause mortalities in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yuan Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (SYC); (WHP)
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Ling Fang
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chen Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yueh-Ying Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ting Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ling Liu
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (SYC); (WHP)
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Xi M, Ove Dragsted L, Tullin M, Ernst M, Zaharudin N, La Barbera G. Discovery of Urinary Biomarkers of Seaweed Intake Using Untargeted LC-MS Metabolomics in a Three-Way Cross-Over Human Study. Metabolites 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 33379223 PMCID: PMC7823344 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a marine source rich in potentially bioactive components, and therefore have attracted attention since the middle of the twentieth century. Accurate and objective assessment of the intake of seaweeds to study their health effects is hampered by a lack of validated intake biomarkers. In this three-armed, randomized, cross-over study, an untargeted metabolomics approach was applied for discovering novel intake biomarkers. Twenty healthy participants (9 men and 11 women) were provided each of three test meals in a randomized order: 5 g of Laminaria digitate (LD), 5 g of Undaria pinnatifida (UP), or a control meal with energy-adjusted pea protein. Four urine samples and a 24 h pooled urine were collected along with blood samples at seven time-points. All samples were profiled by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS and the data were analyzed by univariate analysis and excretion kinetics to select putative intake biomarkers. In total, four intake biomarkers were selected from urine samples. They were identified as hydroxyl-dihydrocoumarin at Level III, loliolid glucuronide at level I, and isololiolid glucuronide at level II, while the last one remains unknown. Further identification and validation of these biomarkers by a cross-sectional study is essential to assess their specificity and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyao Xi
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.X.); (M.T.); (N.Z.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.X.); (M.T.); (N.Z.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Mikkel Tullin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.X.); (M.T.); (N.Z.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Nazikussabah Zaharudin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.X.); (M.T.); (N.Z.); (G.L.B.)
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26600, Malaysia
| | - Giorgia La Barbera
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.X.); (M.T.); (N.Z.); (G.L.B.)
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Liu Z, Sun X. A Critical Review of the Abilities, Determinants, and Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Seaweed Polysaccharides Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7774. [PMID: 33096625 PMCID: PMC7589308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces various cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases, caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is attributed to the lack of sufficient antioxidant defense capacity to eliminate unnecessary ROS. Seaweeds are largely cultivated for their edible and commercial purposes. Excessive proliferation of some seaweeds has occurred in coastal areas, causing environmental and economic disasters, and even threating human health. Removing and disposing of the excess seaweeds are costly and labor-intensive with few rewards. Therefore, improving the value of seaweeds utilizes this resource, but also deals with the accumulated biomass in the environment. Seaweed has been demonstrated to be a great source of polysaccharides antioxidants, which are effective in enhancing the antioxidant system in humans and animals. They have been reported to be a healthful method to prevent and/or reduce oxidative damage. Current studies indicate that they have a good potential for treating various diseases. Polysaccharides, the main components in seaweeds, are commonly used as industrial feedstock. They are readily extracted by aqueous and acetone solutions. This study attempts to review the current researches related to seaweed polysaccharides as an antioxidant. We discuss the main categories, their antioxidant abilities, their determinants, and their possible molecular mechanisms of action. This review proposes possible high-value ways to utilize seaweed resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 511458, China
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
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11
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Takase T, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Koga M, Toyomaki A, Kusumi I, Kino R, Konishi Y, Kiso Y, Atsumi T. Effects of Palmaria palmata on lipid metabolism and glycemic control in participants with hypercholesterolemia in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2303-2312. [PMID: 32242987 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red algae have been reported to improve lipid and glucose metabolism in rats. We investigated the effects of Palmaria palmata (P. palmata), a red alga from northern Japan, on lipid metabolism and glycemic control in participants with hypercholesterolemia. METHODS We conducted an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group comparison trial. The study enrolled Japanese participants with a serum low-density protein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥120 mg/dL. The participants were randomly assigned to take either capsules containing P. palmata (2 g/day) or placebo capsules. The primary endpoint was the change in LDL-C from baseline to week 8 and the secondary endpoints were the changes in other lipid parameters and glycemic control. RESULTS Of the 104 participants completed the study protocol. There were no significant differences in change in LDL-C, body mass index, waist circumference, or glycemic control between the two groups. However, serum triglyceride showed significantly greater improvement in women in the P. palmata group (-9.0 [-25.0, +5.0]) vs. those in the placebo group (-1.0 [-11.0, +19.0]; p = .03). CONCLUSIONS The present study did not show that P. palmata had significant effect on serum LDL-C nor glycemic control, but hypertriglyceridemia could be ameliorated by administration of P. palmata in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takase
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Minori Koga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Toyomaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rikako Kino
- Regional Collaboration Department, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinobu Kiso
- Regional Collaboration Department, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Tripathi VC, Horam S, Singh A, Lata M, Reddy TJ, Arockiaraj J, Pasupuleti M. The discovery of antioxidants in marine microorganisms and their protective effects on the hepatic cells from chemical-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:150-161. [PMID: 32013646 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1725499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment is emerging as a biodiversity resource for the discovery of natural molecules or chemical scaffolds with pharmaceutical activity. Marine microbes have a tremendous ability to sense and respond to their surroundings to survive in a stressful environment by producing different molecules. As oxidative stress is directly or indirectly involved in various pathological conditions in humans, we believe that marine-derived antioxidant molecules will have a great prospect as a novel antioxidant molecule. We, in this work, explored the marine microbial resources from the Gulf of Mannar, Bay of Bengal, India. High-throughput screening of antioxidant molecule producing marine microbes has revealed that extract from Kocuria marina CDMP 10, can effectively reduce the DPPH free radical. Methanolic crude extract obtained by the freeze-thawing was fractionated and purified by using activity guided purification with the help of reverse phase HPLC and analysed through UPLC-MS. Chemical analysis, as well as MS-spectra, indicated that marine bacteria K. marina CDMP 10 derived antioxidant fraction contains the short peptides. The antioxidant activity of the three highly hydrophobic peptides, (Ser-Ser-Gln, Phe-Glu, Asp-Ile and Leu-Glu) was confirmed by in vitro as well as a cell-based assay. These small peptide molecules are noncytotoxic and can prevent the human cells from chemical-induced oxidative stress. Ser-Ser-Gln peptide demonstrated a potent free radical scavenging activity in Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. This study suggests that these short peptides from K. marina CDMP 10 may serve as a potential pharmaceutical candidate with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Chandra Tripathi
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Soyar Horam
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anoop Singh
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Manjul Lata
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Thota Jagadeshwar Reddy
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Hamidi M, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Pierre G, Michaud P, Delattre C. Marine Bacteria versus Microalgae: Who Is the Best for Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Properties and Other Biological Applications? Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E28. [PMID: 31905716 PMCID: PMC7024282 DOI: 10.3390/md18010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity play remarkable roles in the prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. ROS, which are formed by different pathways, have various pathological influences such as DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and cellular degeneration. Incremental demands have prompted the search for newer and alternative resources of natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The marine environment encompasses almost three-quarters of our planet and is home to many eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. Because of extreme physical and chemical conditions, the marine environment is a rich source of chemical and biological diversity, and marine microorganisms have high potential as a source of commercially interesting compounds with various pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Bacteria and microalgae are the most important producers of valuable molecules including antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and catalase) and antioxidant substances (such as carotenoids, exopolysaccharides, and bioactive peptides) with various valuable biological properties and applications. Here, we review the current knowledge of these bioactive compounds while highlighting their antioxidant properties, production yield, health-related benefits, and potential applications in various biological and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hamidi
- Food and Drug Research Center, Vice-Chancellery of Food and Drug, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 41446/66949, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115/111, Iran;
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Nutraceutical Extract from Dulse ( Palmaria palmata L.) Inhibits Primary Human Neutrophil Activation. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110610. [PMID: 31731428 PMCID: PMC6891576 DOI: 10.3390/md17110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmaria palmata L. (Palmariaceae), commonly known as “dulse”, is a red alga that grows on the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and is widely used as source of fiber and protein. Dulse is reported to contain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds, albeit no study has investigated these effects in primary human neutrophils. Implication strategies to diminish neutrophil activation have the potential to prevent pathological states. We evaluated the ability of a phenolic dulse extract (DULEXT) to modulate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by fluorescence analysis and nitric oxide (NO) production using the Griess reaction. Inflammatory enzymes and cytokines were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR. The results show that DULEXT diminished the neutrophil activation related to the down-regulation of TLR4 mRNA expression, deceased gene expression and the LPS-induced release of the chemoattractant mediator IL-8 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. ROS, NO, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also depressed. The data indicated that DULEXT has the potential to disrupt the activation of human primary neutrophils and the derived inflammatory and prooxidant conditions, and suggest a new role for Palmaria palmata L. in the regulation of the pathogenesis of health disorders in which neutrophils play a key role, including atherosclerosis.
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15
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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Marine Algae in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123061. [PMID: 31234555 PMCID: PMC6628294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the main contributors to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Microglial and astrocyte activation is a brain defense mechanism to counteract harmful pathogens and damaged tissues, while their prolonged activation induces neuroinflammation that can trigger or exacerbate neurodegeneration. Unfortunately, to date there are no pharmacological therapies able to slow down or stop the progression of neurodegeneration. For this reason, research is turning to the identification of natural compounds with protective action against these diseases. Considering the important role of neuroinflammation in the onset and development of neurodegenerative pathologies, natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity could be good candidates for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Marine organisms represent a huge source of natural compounds, and among them, algae are appreciated sources of important bioactive components such as antioxidants, proteins, vitamins, minerals, soluble dietary fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, sterols, carotenoids, tocopherols, terpenes, phycobilins, phycocolloids, and phycocyanins. Recently, numerous anti-inflammatory compounds have been isolated from marine algae with potential protective efficacy against neuroinflammation. This review highlights the key inflammatory processes involved in neurodegeneration and the potential of specific compounds from marine algae to counteract neuroinflammation in the CNS.
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Yu LL, Browning JF, Burdette CQ, Caceres GC, Chieh KD, Davis WC, Kassim BL, Long SE, Murphy KE, Oflaz R, Paul RL, Sharpless KE, Wood LJ, Yen JH, Zeisler R. Development of a kelp powder (Thallus laminariae) Standard Reference Material. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1265-1278. [PMID: 29222652 PMCID: PMC6013078 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A Standard Reference Material (SRM) of seaweed, SRM 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae) has been developed to support food and dietary supplement measurements in compliance with the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). The material was characterized for nutritional minerals, arsenic species, isomers of vitamin K1, proximates, and toxic elements. Kelp is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, and it is an excellent source of dietary iodine. Kelp also contains a large amount of arsenic, which is toxic as inorganic species but much less so as organic species. To capture the dietary profile of kelp, certified values were issued for As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, and Zn. Reference values for proximates were assigned. For the first time, a certified value for iodine, reference values for isomers of vitamin K1, and reference values for arsenic species including arsenosugars were assigned in a seaweed. SRM 3232 fills a gap in Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) needed for quality assurance and method validation in the compositional measurements of kelp and similar seaweeds used as food and as dietary supplements. Graphical Absract Arsenic species and isomers of vitamin K1 were determined in the development of SRM 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee L Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Joseph F Browning
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Carolyn Q Burdette
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - George C Caceres
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Kaitlyn D Chieh
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - W Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Brittany L Kassim
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Stephen E Long
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Karen E Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rabia Oflaz
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rick L Paul
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Katherine E Sharpless
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Laura J Wood
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - James H Yen
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rolf Zeisler
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Corona G, Coman MM, Guo Y, Hotchkiss S, Gill C, Yaqoob P, Spencer JPE, Rowland I. Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation on polyphenolic content and bioactivity of brown seaweed phlorotannin-rich extracts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28718977 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Unlike other classes of polyphenols, there is a lack of knowledge regarding brown seaweed phlorotannins and their bioactivity. We investigated the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation on the bioactivity of a seaweed phlorotannin extract from Ascophyllum nodosum and its high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) fractions. METHODS AND RESULTS The highest phlorotannin and total polyphenol (TP) concentration was observed in the HMW fraction. Antioxidant capacity broadly followed phlorotannin and TP levels, with HMW having the highest activity. Both gastrointestinal digestion (GID) and colonic fermentation (CF) significantly affected phlorotannin and TP levels, and antioxidant capacity of the extract and fractions. Despite this, in HT-29 cells, all GID extracts significantly inhibit cell growth, whereas CF extracts effectively counteracted H2 O2 induced DNA damage. CONCLUSION Although phlorotannins, TP levels and antioxidant power of the extracts were strongly reduced after in vitro digestion and fermentation, their anti-genotoxic activity and cell growth inhibitory effect in colon HT-29 cells was maintained and enhanced. HMW was the most effective fraction, indicating that the high molecular weight phlorotannins potentially exert a stronger beneficial effect in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corona
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Maria Magdalena Coman
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, (MC), Italy
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- CyberColloids Ltd. Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, County Cork, Northern Ireland
| | - Chris Gill
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Manimaran M, Kannabiran K. Marine Streptomyces Sp. VITMK1 Derived Pyrrolo [1, 2-A] Pyrazine-1, 4-Dione, Hexahydro-3-(2-Methylpropyl) and Its Free Radical Scavenging Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1874847301705010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Free radical generation has been proved to be responsible for various cellular diseases. It is necessary to combat free radicals using antioxidants derived from natural sources.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the diketopiperazine compound extracted from Streptomyces sp. VITMK1 isolated from mangrove sediment soil collected from Pichavaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods:
The antioxidant potential of pyrrolo [1, 2-A] pyrazine-1, 4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) (diketopiperazine) extracted from Streptomyces sp. VITMK1 was studied using reducing power assay. The scavenging of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and nitric oxide (NO) radical by the compound was also studied. The cytotoxic activity of the compound on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was studied using MTT cell viability assay.
Results:
The compound exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (72.48±0.32% at 500 µg/mL) and NO radical scavenging activity (73.03±1.02% at 500 µg/mL). MTT cell viability assay revealed that the compound exhibited concentration-dependent cell viability and was observed to be 92% at 125 µg/mL concentration.
Conclusion:
The antioxidant activity of the diketopiperazine compound extracted from Streptomyces sp. VITMK1 can be probed further to establish its radical scavenging activity.
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Zheng Y, Liu H, Liang Y. Genistein exerts potent antitumour effects alongside anaesthetic, propofol, by suppressing cell proliferation and nuclear factor-κB-mediated signalling and through upregulating microRNA-218 expression in an intracranial rat brain tumour model. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1565-1577. [PMID: 28776680 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study was implemented to evaluate the effect of genistein and propofol on intracranial tumour model.
Methods
Male Fischer 344 rats were subjected to intracranial implantation of 9L gliosarcoma cells. Genistein (100 or 200 mg/kg b.wt) was administered orally regularly from 3rd day after implantation to 25th day. Propofol (20 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered once every 5 days till 25th day and was administered 2 h after genistein.
Key findings
Human gliosarcoma cells (U251) exposed to genistein (12.5–200 μg) for 24 h exhibited reduced cell viability as assessed by MTT assay and Hoechst staining. In intracranial tumour model, genistein treatment either with or without administration of propofol significantly reduced tumour volume and extended survival time of tumour-bearing rats. Genistein, either alone or with propofol upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad and Bax) and miRNA-218 expression and also had induced activation of cleaved caspase-3. Activated NF-κB signalling and overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were reduced.
Conclusions
Genistein and propofol effectively inhibited growth of gliosarcoma cells and induced apoptosis. Genistein administration with propofol was found to be more effective than propofol or genistein alone suggesting the positive effects of genistein on propofol-mediated antitumour effects and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Cerebral Vascular and Neural Degenerative Diseases Key Laboratory, TianjinHuanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haigen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhang ZR, Gao MX, Yang K. Cucurbitacin B inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells via modulation of the JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK pathways. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:805-812. [PMID: 28673003 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most commonly diagnosed tumor of the bones in children and young adults. Even with conventional therapies the 5-year survival rate is ~65% in patients with OS. Considering the side effects and aggressiveness of malignant bone tumors, research is focussing on multi-targeted strategies in treatment. Cucurbitacin B, a triterpenoid compound has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell types. The Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signalling cascades and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling cascades are critical regulators of tumorigenesis. The present study assessed the influence of cucurbitacin B on the viability and expression of MAPKs and proteins of the JAK2/STAT3 cascades in human OS cells (U-2 OS). Cucurbitacin B (20-100 µM) significantly reduced cell viability (P<0.05) and induced apoptosis, as assessed by MTT and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, along with inhibiting cell migration. Gelatin zymography revealed supressed activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-)2 and 9. Furthermore, cucurbitacin B effectively upregulated the apoptotic pathway and caused the effective inhibition of MAPK signalling and JAK2/STAT3 cascades. Multifold suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor by cucurbitacin B was also observed, indicating inhibition of angiogenesis. Thus, by downregulating major pathways-MAPK and JAK2/STAT3 and MMPs, cucurbitacin B has potent anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects that require further investigation with regards to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463600, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xia Gao
- Department of Health Management, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
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Balamurugan M, Sivakumar K, Mariadoss AVA, Suresh K. Modulating Effect of Hypnea musciformis (Red Seaweed) on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidants and Biotransforming Enzymes in 7,12-Dimethylbenz (a) Anthracene Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Experimental Animals. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:108-115. [PMID: 28250663 PMCID: PMC5330094 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.187085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the second most widespread diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in women. Objective: The present work was carried out to evaluate the chemo preventive potential of Hypnea musciformis (ethanol extract) seaweed on oxidative stress markers, bio transforming enzymes, incidence of tumors, and pathological observation in 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) exposed experimental mammary carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Rats in the group 1 served as control. Rats in the group 2 and 3 received a single subcutaneous injection of DMBA (25 mg/kg body weight (b.w)) in the mammary gland to develop mammary carcinoma. In addition, group 3 rats were orally administrated with 200 mg/kg between of H. musciformis along with DMBA injection and group 4 rats received ethanolic extract of H. musciformis every day orally (200 mg/kg b.w) throughout the experimental period of 16 weeks. Results: Our results revealed that treatment with H. musciformis ethanolic extract to DMBA treated rats significantly reduced the incidence of tumor and tumor volume as compared to DMBA alone treated rats. Moreover, our results showed imbalance in the activities/levels of lipid peroxidation by products, antioxidant enzymes, and bio transforming phase I and II enzymes in the circulation, liver and mammary tissues of DMBA treated rats which were significantly modulated to near normal on treatment with ethanolic extract of H. musciformis. All these alterations were supported by histochemical findings. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study suggest that chemo preventive potential of H. musciformis ethanol extract is probably due to their free radicals quenching effect and modulating potential of bio transforming enzymes during DMBA exposed experimental mammary carcinogenesis. SUMMARY DMBA is a source of well-established site specific carcinogen Hypnea musciformis act as a free radical quencher Hypnea musciformis has a definite chemo preventive efficacy in experimental rats H. musciformis is a resource of prooxidant/antioxidant balance and also its anti-proliferative effects H. musciformis has a detoxificant in the mammary carcinoma.
Abbreviations Used: BRCA1: Breast Cancer Gene 1; BRCA2: Breast Cancer Gene 1; CYP: Cytochrome P450; DMBA: 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxides; LPO: Lipid peroxidation; PAH: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; GSSG: Oxidized glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Balamurugan
- Department of Botany, Division of Algal Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathiresan Sivakumar
- Department of Botany, Division of Algal Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arokia Vijaya Anand Mariadoss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathiresan Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Investigating on the Correlation Between Some Biological Activities of Marine Sponge-Associated Bacteria Extracts and Isolated Diketopiperazines. Curr Microbiol 2016; 74:6-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Corona G, Ji Y, Anegboonlap P, Hotchkiss S, Gill C, Yaqoob P, Spencer JPE, Rowland I. Gastrointestinal modifications and bioavailability of brown seaweed phlorotannins and effects on inflammatory markers. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1240-53. [PMID: 26879487 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brown seaweeds such as Ascophyllum nodosum are a rich source of phlorotannins (oligomers and polymers of phloroglucinol units), a class of polyphenols that are unique to Phaeophyceae. At present, there is no information on the bioavailability of seaweed polyphenols and limited evidence on their bioactivity in vivo. Consequently, we investigated the gastrointestinal modifications in vitro of seaweed phlorotannins from A. nodosum and their bioavailability and effect on inflammatory markers in healthy participants. In vitro, some phlorotannin oligomers were identified after digestion and colonic fermentation. In addition, seven metabolites corresponding to in vitro-absorbed metabolites were identified. Urine and plasma samples contained a variety of metabolites attributed to both unconjugated and conjugated metabolites (glucuronides and/or sulphates). In both urine and plasma, the majority of the metabolites were found in samples collected at late time points (6-24 h), suggesting colonic metabolism of high-molecular-weight phlorotannins, with three phlorotannin oligomers (hydroxytrifuhalol A, 7-hydroxyeckol, C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol) identified in urine samples. A significant increase of the cytokine IL-8 was also observed. Our study shows for the first time that seaweed phlorotannins are metabolised and absorbed, predominantly in the large intestine, and there is a large inter-individual variation in their metabolic profile. Three phlorotannin oligomers present in the capsule are excreted in urine. Our study is the first investigation of the metabolism and bioavailability of seaweed phlorotannins and the role of colonic biotransformation. In addition, IL-8 is a possible target for phlorotannin bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corona
- 1Health Sciences Research Centre,University of Roehampton,London SW15 4JD,UK
| | - Yang Ji
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Prapaporn Anegboonlap
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- 3CyberColloids Ltd, Carrigaline Industrial Estate,Carrigaline,County Cork P43 VR72,Republic of Ireland
| | - Chris Gill
- 4Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health,University of Ulster,Coleraine BT52 1AA,UK
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- 2Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AP,UK
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Biegelmeyer R, Schröder R, Rambo DF, Dresch RR, Carraro JLF, Mothes B, Moreira JCF, da Frota Junior MLC, Henriques AT. Sphingosines Derived from Marine Sponge as Potential Multi-Target Drug Related to Disorders in Cancer Development. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5552-63. [PMID: 26308014 PMCID: PMC4584339 DOI: 10.3390/md13095552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haliclona tubifera, marine sponge species abundant in Brazilian coastline, presents only a few papers published in the literature. Recently, we have reported the isolation of two modified C18 sphingoid bases: (2R,3R,6R,7Z)-2-aminooctadec-7-ene-1,3,6-triol and and (2R,3R,6R)-2-aminooctadec-1,3,6-triol. In order to continue our research, in this work aimed at the biological investigation of fractions that led to the isolation of these compounds. We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of marine sponge H. tubifera fractions in glioma (U87) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) human cell lines. In addition, considering the link between cancer, imbalance of reactive oxygen species and coagulation disorders, we also investigated the in vitro effects on blood coagulation and their redox properties. We showed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction, rich in sphingoid bases, had important cytotoxic effects in both cancer cell lines with an IC50 < 15 μg/mL and also can inhibit the production of peroxyl radicals. Interestingly, this fraction increased the recalcification time of human blood, showing anticoagulant properties. The present study indicates the sphingosines fraction as a promising source of chemical prototypes, especially multifunctional drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Biegelmeyer
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.F.R.); (R.R.D.); (A.T.H.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (R.B.); (M.L.C.F.J.); Tel.: +55-51-3308-5258 (R.B.); +55-51-3308-5577 (M.L.C.F.J.); Fax: +55-51-3308-5437 (R.B.)
| | - Rafael Schröder
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Dpto. Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.); (J.C.F.M.)
| | - Douglas F. Rambo
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.F.R.); (R.R.D.); (A.T.H.)
| | - Roger R. Dresch
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.F.R.); (R.R.D.); (A.T.H.)
| | - João L. F. Carraro
- Museu Nacional, Departamento de Invertebrados, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Beatriz Mothes
- Fundação Zoobotânica, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Porto Alegre, RS 90690-000, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - José Cláudio F. Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Dpto. Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.); (J.C.F.M.)
| | - Mário L. C. da Frota Junior
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Dpto. Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.S.); (J.C.F.M.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (R.B.); (M.L.C.F.J.); Tel.: +55-51-3308-5258 (R.B.); +55-51-3308-5577 (M.L.C.F.J.); Fax: +55-51-3308-5437 (R.B.)
| | - Amélia T. Henriques
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.F.R.); (R.R.D.); (A.T.H.)
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The effect of consuming Palmaria palmata-enriched bread on inflammatory markers, antioxidant status, lipid profile and thyroid function in a randomised placebo-controlled intervention trial in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1951-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Park HY, Choi IW, Kim GY, Kim BW, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Fucoidan induces G1 arrest of the cell cycle in EJ human bladder cancer cells through down-regulation of pRB phosphorylation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Isolation and identification of antioxidant producing marine-source actinomycetes and optimal medium conditions. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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28
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Cucurbitacin-I, a natural cell-permeable triterpenoid isolated from Cucurbitaceae, exerts potent anticancer effect in colon cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Jung S, Darvin ME, Chung HS, Jung B, Lee SH, Lenz K, Chung WS, Yu RX, Patzelt A, Lee BN, Sterry W, Lademann J. Antioxidants in Asian-Korean and Caucasian Skin: The Influence of Nutrition and Stress. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:293-302. [DOI: 10.1159/000361053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Park EJ, Shen L, Sun D, Pezzuto JM. Inhibitory effect of a callophycin A derivative on iNOS expression via inhibition of Akt in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:527-35. [PMID: 24299616 PMCID: PMC4043953 DOI: 10.1021/np400800h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, (R)-2-isobutyl 3-methyl 3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-2,3(9H)-dicarboxylate (1), a callophycin A derivative, was found to strongly inhibit nitrite production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, while (R)- or (S)-callophycin A showed only weak inhibition. We currently report additional studies to define the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory action of 1. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was reduced at both protein and mRNA levels. Major upstream signaling molecules and transcription factors regulating iNOS expression were examined, but it was found that 1 did not affect the phosphorylated and total protein levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), nor did it mediate the degradation of the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB α-isoform (IκBα). However, starting at early time points, 1 consistently inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt at serine 473. In addition, 1 suppressed the protein expression of octamer-binding transcription factor-2 (Oct-2) and the expression of microRNA 155 (miR-155). In sum, compound 1 inhibits LPS-induced nitrite production by a unique and complex mechanism. Reduction of iNOS expression is accompanied by inhibition of Akt activation, Oct-2 protein expression, and miR-155 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Li Shen
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Dianqing Sun
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
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31
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Fedorov SN, Ermakova SP, Zvyagintseva TN, Stonik VA. Anticancer and cancer preventive properties of marine polysaccharides: some results and prospects. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4876-901. [PMID: 24317475 PMCID: PMC3877892 DOI: 10.3390/md11124876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many marine-derived polysaccharides and their analogues have been reported as showing anticancer and cancer preventive properties. These compounds demonstrate interesting activities and special modes of action, differing from each other in both structure and toxicity profile. Herein, literature data concerning anticancer and cancer preventive marine polysaccharides are reviewed. The structural diversity, the biological activities, and the molecular mechanisms of their action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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Ahmad N, Mukhtar H. Antioxidants meet molecular targets for cancer prevention and therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:85-8. [PMID: 23521502 PMCID: PMC3689158 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A fine balance between oxidants and antioxidants is required for the normal functioning of living systems. A deregulation of this balance has been implicated in many adverse effects and diseases, including cancer. Extensive research has been done in the area of cancer prevention and therapeutics by a wide range of antioxidants, especially naturally occurring and diet-based agents. However, additional efforts are still needed toward clinical development of the most promising antioxidant agents. For this purpose, it is important to focus our efforts toward (i) defining/validating new targets; (ii) identifying novel agents followed by assessments of their efficacy, safety/toxicity, metabolism, and bioavailability in appropriate model systems; and (iii) conducting clinical trials in an appropriate population. Although research with specific antioxidants is important, an emerging critical issue that is up for a debate is whether the "whole foods" concept is better for cancer prevention than a single agent. Recent work has suggested that the dietary phytochemicals can enhance the bioavailability of different nutrients and can target multiple molecular pathways to yield a better response. Another critical issue that is often ignored during target-based agent development is a lack of focus on the appropriate population for a specific target. It is possible that a specific target may not be appropriate for certain people. Further, we need to design quick "phase 0" clinical trials to eliminate the agents with little clinical potential. Thus, multidisciplinary efforts of researchers from diverse scientific disciplines are needed in order to take the most promising antioxidant agents from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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