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Bechynska K, Sedlak J, Uttl L, Kosek V, Vackova P, Kocourek V, Hajslova J. Metabolomics on Apple ( Malus domestica) Cuticle-Search for Authenticity Markers. Foods 2024; 13:1308. [PMID: 38731678 PMCID: PMC11083494 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The profile of secondary metabolites present in the apple cuticular layer is not only characteristic of a particular apple cultivar; it also dynamically reflects various external factors in the growing environment. In this study, the possibility of authenticating apple samples by analyzing their cuticular layer extracts was investigated. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) was employed for obtaining metabolomic fingerprints. A total of 274 authentic apple samples from four cultivars harvested in the Czech Republic and Poland between 2020 and 2022 were analyzed. The complex data generated, processed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods, enabled the building of classification models to distinguish apple cultivars as well as their geographical origin. The models showed very good performance in discriminating Czech and Polish samples for three out of four cultivars: "Gala", "Golden Delicious" and "Idared". Moreover, the validity of the models was tested over several harvest seasons. In addition to metabolites of the triterpene biosynthetic pathway, the diagnostic markers were mainly wax esters. "Jonagold", which is known to be susceptible to mutations, was the only cultivar for which an unambiguous classification of geographical origin was not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Bechynska
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Jiri Sedlak
- Reserach and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Holovousy 129, 50801 Holovousy, Czech Republic;
| | - Leos Uttl
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Vit Kosek
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Petra Vackova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kocourek
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (L.U.); (V.K.); (P.V.); (V.K.)
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2
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Duché G, Sanderson JM. The Chemical Reactivity of Membrane Lipids. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3284-3330. [PMID: 38498932 PMCID: PMC10979411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that aqueous dispersions of phospholipids spontaneously assemble into bilayer structures. These structures have numerous applications across chemistry and materials science and form the fundamental structural unit of the biological membrane. The particular environment of the lipid bilayer, with a water-poor low dielectric core surrounded by a more polar and better hydrated interfacial region, gives the membrane particular biophysical and physicochemical properties and presents a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. Many different types of molecule spanning a range of sizes, from dissolved gases through small organics to proteins, are able to interact with membranes and promote chemical changes to lipids that subsequently affect the physicochemical properties of the bilayer. This Review describes the chemical reactivity exhibited by lipids in their membrane form, with an emphasis on conditions where the lipids are well hydrated in the form of bilayers. Key topics include the following: lytic reactions of glyceryl esters, including hydrolysis, aminolysis, and transesterification; oxidation reactions of alkenes in unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, including autoxidation and oxidation by singlet oxygen; reactivity of headgroups, particularly with reactive carbonyl species; and E/Z isomerization of alkenes. The consequences of reactivity for biological activity and biophysical properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Duché
- Génie
Enzimatique et Cellulaire, Université
Technologique de Compiègne, Compiègne 60200, France
| | - John M Sanderson
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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3
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Chen L, Qi E, Liu X, Cui L, Fan X, Wei T, Hu Y. The lack of homology domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 ameliorates visual impairment in rats with diabetic retinopathy through regulation of the AKT-GSK-3β-Nrf2 signal cascade. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116766. [PMID: 37995808 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) is an emerging player in diverse disorders. Our previous findings have documented that reducing PHLPP2 levels in cultured retinal ganglion cells protects against cellular damage caused by high glucose, indicating a possible link between PHLPP2 and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The present work was dedicated to the investigation of PHLPP2 in DR through in vivo experiments with rat models induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Compared to normal rats, the retinas of rats with DR exhibited a notable increase in the level of PHLPP2. The reduction of PHLPP2 levels in the retina was achieved by the intravitreal administration of adeno-associated viruses expressing specific shRNA targeting PHLPP2. Decreasing the expression of PHLPP2 ameliorated visual function impairment and improved the pathological changes of retina in DR rats. Moreover, decreasing the expression of PHLPP2 repressed the apoptosis, oxidative stress and proinflammatory response in the retinas of rats with DR. Reduction of PHLPP2 levels led to an increase in the levels of phosphorylated AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Decreasing the expression of PHLPP2 resulted in increased activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which was reversed by suppressing AKT. Notably, the protective effect of reducing PHLPP2 on DR was eliminated when Nrf2 was restrained. These observations show that the down-regulation of PHLPP2 has protective effects on DR by preserving the structure and function of the retina by regulating the AKT-GSK-3β-Nrf2 signal cascade. Therefore, targeting PHLPP2 may hold promise in the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - En Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lijun Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaguang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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4
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Aramouni K, Assaf R, Shaito A, Fardoun M, Al-Asmakh M, Sahebkar A, Eid AH. Biochemical and cellular basis of oxidative stress: Implications for disease onset. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1951-1963. [PMID: 37436042 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellular oxidation-reduction (redox) systems, which encompass pro- and antioxidant molecules, are integral components of a plethora of essential cellular processes. Any dysregulation of these systems can cause molecular imbalances between the pro- and antioxidant moieties, leading to a state of oxidative stress. Long-lasting oxidative stress can manifest clinically as a variety of chronic illnesses including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic diseases like diabetes. As such, this review investigates the impact of oxidative stress on the human body with emphasis on the underlying oxidants, mechanisms, and pathways. It also discusses the available antioxidant defense mechanisms. The cellular monitoring and regulatory systems that ensure a balanced oxidative cellular environment are detailed. We critically discuss the notion of oxidants as a double-edged sword, being signaling messengers at low physiological concentrations but causative agents of oxidative stress when overproduced. In this regard, the review also presents strategies employed by oxidants including redox signaling and activation of transcriptional programs such as those mediated by the Nrf2/Keap1 and NFk signaling. Likewise, redox molecular switches of peroxiredoxin and DJ-1 and the proteins they regulate are presented. The review concludes that a thorough comprehension of cellular redox systems is essential to develop the evolving field of redox medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Aramouni
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Assaf
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manal Fardoun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Yeo J, Kang J, Kim H, Moon C. A Critical Overview of HPLC-MS-Based Lipidomics in Determining Triacylglycerol and Phospholipid in Foods. Foods 2023; 12:3177. [PMID: 37685110 PMCID: PMC10486615 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With the current advancement in mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics, the knowledge of lipidomes and their diverse roles has greatly increased, enabling a deeper understanding of the action of bioactive lipid molecules in plant- and animal-based foods. This review provides in-depth information on the practical use of MS techniques in lipidomics, including lipid extraction, adduct formation, MS analysis, data processing, statistical analysis, and bioinformatics. Moreover, this contribution demonstrates the effectiveness of MS-based lipidomics for identifying and quantifying diverse lipid species, especially triacylglycerols and phospholipids, in foods. Further, it summarizes the wide applications of MS-based lipidomics in food science, such as for assessing food processing methods, detecting food adulteration, and measuring lipid oxidation in foods. Thus, MS-based lipidomics may be a useful method for identifying the action of individual lipid species in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuDong Yeo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (H.K.); (C.M.)
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6
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Morel Y, Jones JW. Utilization of LC-MS/MS and Drift Tube Ion Mobility for Characterizing Intact Oxidized Arachidonate-Containing Glycerophosphatidylethanolamine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37369083 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is a key component in the pathogenesis of numerous disease states, where the oxidative damage of lipids frequently leads to membrane dysfunction and subsequent cellular death. Glycerophosphoethanolamine (PE) is the second most abundant phospholipid found in cellular membranes and, when oxidized, has been identified as an executor of ferroptotic cell death. PE commonly exists in the plasmalogen form, where the presence of the vinyl ether bond and its enrichment in polyunsaturated fatty acids make it especially susceptible to oxidative degradation. This results in a multitude of oxidized products complicating identification and often requiring several analytical techniques for interpretation. In the present study, we outline an analytical approach for the structural characterization of intact oxidized products of arachidonate-containing diacyl and plasmalogen PE. Intact oxidized PE structures, including structural and positional isomers, were identified using complementary liquid chromatography techniques, drift tube ion mobility, and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. This work establishes a comprehensive method for the analysis of intact lipid peroxidation products and provides an important pathway to investigate how lipid peroxidation initially impacts glycerophospholipids and their role in redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulemni Morel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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7
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Gautam J, Kumari D, Aggarwal H, Gupta SK, Kasarla SS, Sarkar S, Priya MRK, Kamboj P, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Characterization of lipid signatures in the plasma and insulin-sensitive tissues of the C57BL/6J mice fed on obesogenic diets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159348. [PMID: 37285928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity mouse models are widely utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as for screening potential drug compounds. However, there is limited knowledge regarding specific signature lipids that accurately reflect dietary disorders. In this study, we aimed to identify key lipid signatures using LC/MS-based untargeted lipidomics in the plasma, liver, adipose tissue (AT), and skeletal muscle tissues (SKM) of male C57BL/6J mice that were fed chow, LFD, or obesogenic diets (HFD, HFHF, and HFCD) for a duration of 20 weeks. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive lipid analysis to assess similarities and differences with human lipid profiles. The mice fed obesogenic diets exhibited weight gain, glucose intolerance, elevated BMI, glucose and insulin levels, and a fatty liver, resembling characteristics of T2DM and obesity in humans. In total, we identified approximately 368 lipids in plasma, 433 in the liver, 493 in AT, and 624 in SKM. Glycerolipids displayed distinct patterns across the tissues, differing from human findings. However, changes in sphingolipids, phospholipids, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes showed similarities to reported human findings. Significantly modulated pathways in the obesogenic diet-fed groups included ceramide de novo synthesis, sphingolipid remodeling, and the carboxylesterase pathway, while lipoprotein-mediated pathways were minimally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Siva Swapna Kasarla
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - M R Kamla Priya
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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8
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Solanki P, Ansari MD, Alam MI, Aqil M, Ahmad FJ, Sultana Y. Precision engineering designed phospholipid-tagged pamidronate complex functionalized SNEDDS for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:883-913. [PMID: 36414929 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disodium pamidronate, a second-generation bisphosphonate is a potent drug for the treatment of osteoporosis, which has been very well established by previous literature. It has very low oral permeability, leading to its low oral bioavailability, which restrict this drug to being administered orally. Therefore, the present research work includes the development of an orally effective nanoformulation of pamidronate. In this work, disodium pamidronate was complexed with phospholipon 90G for the enhancement of permeability and to investigate the phospholipon 90G-tagged pamidronate complex-loaded SNEDDS for oral delivery with promises of enhanced bioavailability and anti-osteoporotic activity. The rational design and optimization was employed using Central Composite Design (Design Expert® 12, software) to optimize nanoformulation parameters. In this work, a commercially potential self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) has been developed and evaluated for improved oral bioavailability and better clinical acceptance. The hot micro-emulsification and ultracentrifugation method with vortex mixing was utilized for effective tagging of phospholipon 90G with pamidronate and then loading into the SNEDDS nanocarrier. The optimized Pam-PLc SNEDDS formulation was characterized for particle size, PDI, and zeta potential and found to be 56.38 ± 1.37 nm, 0.218 ± 0.113, and 22.41 ± 1.14 respectively. Also, a 37.9% improved bioavailability of pamidronate compared to marketed tablet was observed. Similarly, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies suggest a 31.77% increased bone density and significant enhanced bone biomarkers compared to marketed tablets. The developed formulation is safe and effectively overcomes anti-osteoporosis promises with improved therapeutic potential. This work provides very significant achievements in postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment and may lead to possible use of nanotherapeutic-driven emerging biodegradable carriers-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Solanki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd Danish Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Alam
- Department of Physiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
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9
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Vahalová P, Cifra M. Biological autoluminescence as a perturbance-free method for monitoring oxidation in biosystems. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:80-108. [PMID: 36336139 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biological oxidation processes are in the core of life energetics, play an important role in cellular biophysics, physiological cell signaling or cellular pathophysiology. Understanding of biooxidation processes is also crucial for biotechnological applications. Therefore, a plethora of methods has been developed for monitoring oxidation so far, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages. We review here the available methods for monitoring oxidation and their basic characteristics and capabilities. Then we focus on a unique method - the only one that does not require input of additional external energy or chemicals - which employs detection of biological autoluminescence (BAL). We highlight the pros and cons of this method and provide an overview of how BAL can be used to report on various aspects of cellular oxidation processes starting from oxygen consumption to the generation of oxidation products such as carbonyls. This review highlights the application potential of this completely non-invasive and label-free biophotonic diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Vahalová
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18200, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18200, Czech Republic.
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10
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Zhou Z, Li YL, Zhao F, Xin R, Huang XH, Zhang YY, Zhou D, Qin L. Unraveling the Thermal Oxidation Products and Peroxidation Mechanisms of Different Chemical Structures of Lipids: An Example of Molecules Containing Oleic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16410-16423. [PMID: 36520059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipid structures affect lipid oxidation, causing differences in types and contents of volatiles and nonvolatiles in various foods. In this study, the oxidation differences of monoacylglycerol (MAG), triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with oleoyl residues and oleic acid (FA) during thermal treatment were investigated. Volatiles and nonvolatiles were monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive HF-X Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer, respectively. The results showed that the structures of MAG and TAG could delay the chain initiation reaction. The polar heads of PC and PE remarkably influenced the oxidation rate and the formation of the oxidation products probably due to the hydrogen bonds formed with free radicals. Among the volatile oxidation products, aldehydes, acids, and furans with eight or nine carbon atoms accounted for the majority in FA, MAG, TAG, and PC samples, but PE samples mainly generated ketones with nine or 10 carbon atoms. The formation of nonvolatile products in TAG samples possessed significant stage-specific changes. Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids were only produced in the free fatty acid oxidation model. The activity of chemical bonds participating in the truncation reaction decreased to both sides from the double bond position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Yu-Lian Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Ran Xin
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Xu-Hui Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Dayong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian116034, China
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11
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Comprehensive metabolome analysis of intracellular metabolites in cultured cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101531. [PMID: 35819883 PMCID: PMC9283946 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS) can measure the intracellular amount of highly polar and charged metabolites; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) can quantify hydrophobic metabolites. A comprehensive metabolome analysis requires independent sample preparation for LC-MS and CE-MS. Here, we present a protocol to prepare for sequentially analyzing the metabolites from one sample. Here we describe the steps for breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 cells, but the protocol can be applied to other cell types. Extraction of cellular metabolites from adherent cells with reference metabolites Extraction of both charged and hydrophobic metabolites from one sample Comprehensive metabolome analysis by using CE-MS and LC-MS
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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12
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Narzt MS, Kremslehner C, Golabi B, Nagelreiter IM, Malikovic J, Hussein AM, Plasenzotti R, Korz V, Lubec G, Gruber F, Lubec J. Molecular species of oxidized phospholipids in brain differentiate between learning- and memory impaired and unimpaired aged rats. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1311-1326. [PMID: 35817992 PMCID: PMC9372013 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of cognitive function is a typical consequence of aging in humans and rodents. The extent of decline in spatial memory performance of rats, assessed by a hole-board test, reaches from unimpaired and comparable to young individuals to severely memory impaired. Recently, proteomics identified peroxiredoxin 6, an enzyme important for detoxification of oxidized phospholipids, as one of several synaptosomal proteins discriminating between aged impaired and aged unimpaired rats. In this study, we investigated several components of the epilipidome (modifications of phospholipids) of the prefrontal cortex of young, aged memory impaired (AI) and aged unimpaired (AU) rats. We observed an age-related increase in phospholipid hydroperoxides and products of phospholipid peroxidation, including reactive aldehydophospholipids. This increase went in hand with cortical lipofuscin autofluorescence. The memory impairment, however, was paralleled by additional specific changes in the aged rat brain epilipidome. There was a profound increase in phosphocholine hydroxides, and a significant decrease in phosphocholine-esterified azelaic acid. As phospholipid-esterified fatty acid hydroxides, and especially those deriving from arachidonic acid are both markers and effectors of inflammation, the findings suggest that in addition to age-related reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, age-related impairment of spatial memory performance has an additional and distinct (neuro-) inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Narzt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ionela-Mariana Nagelreiter
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jovana Malikovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Roberto Plasenzotti
- Center for Biomedical Research, Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Himberg, Austria
| | - Volker Korz
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jana Lubec
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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13
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Jiang Y, Tang X, Wang Y, Chen W, Xue Y, Cao H, Zhang B, Pan J, Zhou Q, Wang D, Fan F. Serum Oxylipin Profiles Identify Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Aortic Dissection. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070587. [PMID: 35888709 PMCID: PMC9324768 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease with a dismal prognosis. Inflammation plays an important role in AD. Oxylipins are bioactive lipids involved in the modulation of inflammation and may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. This study aims to identify possible metabolites related to AD. A total of 10 type A Aortic dissection (TAAD) patients, 10 type B Aortic dissection (TBAD) patients and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. Over 100 oxylipin species were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Our investigation demonstrated substantial alterations in 91 oxylipins between AD and healthy individuals. Patients with TAAD had 89 entries accessible compared to healthy controls. According to orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), fitness (R2X = 0.362 and R2Y = 0.807, p = 0.03) and predictability (Q2 = 0.517, p = 0.005) are the validation parameters between the two groups. Using multivariate logistic regression, 13-HOTrE and 16(17)-EpDPE were the risk factors in the aortic patients group compared to healthy people (OR = 2.467, 95%CI:1.256–7.245, p = 0.035; OR = 0.015, 95%CI:0.0002–0.3240, p = 0.016, respectively). In KEGG enrichment of differential metabolites, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway has the most metabolites involved. We established a diagnostic model in distinguishing between AD and healthy people. The AUC was 0.905. Oxylipins were significantly altered in AD patients, suggesting oxylipin profile is expected to exploit a novel, non-invasive, objective diagnosis for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinlong Tang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunxing Xue
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Bomin Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (F.F.)
| | - Fudong Fan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (F.F.)
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14
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Hu SH, He XD, Nie J, Hou JL, Wu J, Liu XY, Wei Y, Tang HR, Sun WX, Zhou SX, Yuan YY, An YP, Yan GQ, Lin Y, Lin PC, Zhao JJ, Ye ML, Zhao JY, Xu W, Zhao SM. Methylene-bridge tryptophan fatty acylation regulates PI3K-AKT signaling and glucose uptake. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110509. [PMID: 35294873 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein fatty acylation regulates numerous cell signaling pathways. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert a plethora of physiological effects, including cell signaling regulation, with underlying mechanisms to be fully understood. Herein, we report that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) regulate PI3K-AKT signaling by modifying PDK1 and AKT2. DHA-administered mice exhibit altered phosphorylation of proteins in signaling pathways. Methylene bridge-containing DHA/EPA acylate δ1 carbon of tryptophan 448/543 in PDK1 and tryptophan 414 in AKT2 via free radical pathway, recruit both the proteins to the cytoplasmic membrane, and activate PI3K signaling and glucose uptake in a tryptophan acylation-dependent but insulin-independent manner in cultured cells and in mice. DHA/EPA deplete cytosolic PDK1 and AKT2 and induce insulin resistance. Akt2 knockout in mice abrogates DHA/EPA-induced PI3K-AKT signaling. Our results identify PUFA's methylene bridge tryptophan acylation, a protein fatty acylation that regulates cell signaling and may underlie multifaceted effects of methylene-bridge-containing PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hua Hu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Xia-Di He
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ji Nie
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Li Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ru Tang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Sun
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhou
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yuan Yuan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Peng An
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Quan Yan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, P. R. China
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ming-Liang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, P. R. China.
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15
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Orzechowska B, Awsiuk K, Wnuk D, Pabijan J, Stachura T, Soja J, Sładek K, Raczkowska J. Discrimination between NSIP- and IPF-Derived Fibroblasts Based on Multi-Parameter Characterization of Their Growth, Morphology and Physic-Chemical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042162. [PMID: 35216278 PMCID: PMC8880018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the research presented here was to find a set of parameters enabling discrimination between three types of fibroblasts, i.e., healthy ones and those derived from two disorders mimicking each other: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). Methods: The morphology and growth of cells were traced using fluorescence microscopy and analyzed quantitatively using cell proliferation and substrate cytotoxicity indices. The viability of cells was recorded using MTS assays, and their stiffness was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) working in force spectroscopy (FS) mode. To enhance any possible difference in the examined parameters, experiments were performed with cells cultured on substrates of different elasticities. Moreover, the chemical composition of cells was determined using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), combined with sophisticated analytical tools, i.e., Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: The obtained results demonstrate that discrimination between cell lines derived from healthy and diseased patients is possible based on the analysis of the growth of cells, as well as their physical and chemical properties. In turn, the comparative analysis of the cellular response to altered stiffness of the substrates enables the identification of each cell line, including distinguishing between IPF- and NSIP-derived fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Orzechowska
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (B.O.); (J.P.)
| | - Kamil Awsiuk
- The Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-428 Krakow, Poland;
- Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Pabijan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (B.O.); (J.P.)
| | - Tomasz Stachura
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (T.S.); (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Jerzy Soja
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (T.S.); (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Sładek
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (T.S.); (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Joanna Raczkowska
- The Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-428 Krakow, Poland;
- Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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16
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Ayer A, Fazakerley DJ, James DE, Stocker R. The role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:339-362. [PMID: 34775001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the earliest pathological features of a suite of diseases including type 2 diabetes collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. There is a growing body of evidence from both pre-clinical studies and human cohorts indicating that reactive oxygen species, such as the superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide are key players in the development of insulin resistance. Here we review the evidence linking mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generated within mitochondria with insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, two major insulin sensitive tissues. We outline the relevant mitochondria-derived reactive species, how the mitochondrial redox state is regulated, and methodologies available to measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Importantly, we highlight key experimental issues to be considered when studying the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance. Evaluating the available literature on both mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/redox state and insulin resistance in a variety of biological systems, we conclude that the weight of evidence suggests a likely role for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the etiology of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. However, major limitations in the methods used to study reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance as well as the lack of data linking mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cytosolic insulin signaling pathways are significant obstacles in proving the mechanistic link between these two processes. We provide a framework to guide future studies to provide stronger mechanistic information on the link between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and insulin resistance as understanding the source, localization, nature, and quantity of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, their targets and downstream signaling pathways may pave the way for important new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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17
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Matsuoka Y, Takahashi M, Sugiura Y, Izumi Y, Nishiyama K, Nishida M, Suematsu M, Bamba T, Yamada KI. Structural library and visualization of endogenously oxidized phosphatidylcholines using mass spectrometry-based techniques. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6339. [PMID: 34732715 PMCID: PMC8566498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oxidized phosphatidylcholines (oxPCs) play critical roles in numerous pathological events, the type and production sites of endogenous oxPCs remain unknown because of the lack of structural information and dedicated analytical methods. Herein, a library of 465 oxPCs is constructed using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based non-targeted analytical methods and employed to detect 70 oxPCs in mice with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. We show that doubly oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-PCs (PC PUFA;O2), containing epoxy and hydroxide groups, are generated in the early phase of liver injury. Hybridization with in-vivo 18O labeling and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem MS imaging reveals that PC PUFA;O2 are accumulated in cytochrome P450 2E1-expressing and glutathione-depleted hepatocytes, which are the major sites of liver injury. The developed library and visualization methodology should facilitate the characterization of specific lipid peroxidation events and enhance our understanding of their physiological and pathological significance in lipid peroxidation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Matsuoka
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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18
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He Y, Yuan B, Lu Y, Zhao X, Shen C, Ji J, Lin L, Xu J, Xie T, Shan J. In-silico-library-based method enables rapid and comprehensive annotation of cardiolipins and cardiolipin oxidation products using high resolution tandem mass spectrometer. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338879. [PMID: 34538317 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated evidences suggest that cardiolipins (CLs) and cardiolipin oxidation products (oxCLs) are a class of essential molecules that play critical roles in many physiological functions. Diversity of four acyl chains leads to high structure complexity for cardiolipin species including CLs, monolysocardiolipins (MLCLs) and their oxCLs. The ability to rapidly identify CL species can be implemented by the match of mass spectrometry (MS)-based in-silico spectral database. In this study, after optimizing the chromatography conditions and MS detection, an in-silico library containing 377,754 simulated tandem mass spectra deducing from 31,578 CLs to 52,160 of MLCLs was successfully augmented based on LipidBlast templates. For the construction of the oxCLs' library, twenty-five fatty acyls oxidation products relating to nine oxidation types were permuted and combined. A total of 42,180 oxCL spectra were predicted based on the experimental measurements of oxCLs forming by artificially oxidation. Applying the in-silico database to murine mitochondria and cell samples enabled the sensitive and comprehensive annotation of 86 MLCLs, 307 CLs and 112 oxCLs with high annotation confidence. Compared to the conventional method, our proposed in-silico database provides a more comprehensive interpretation for CL species' characterization with high throughput and sensitivity in nontarget lipidomic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Binghuan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cunsi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianya Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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19
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Villaseñor A, Godzien J, Barker-Tejeda TC, Gonzalez-Riano C, López-López Á, Dudzik D, Gradillas A, Barbas C. Analytical approaches for studying oxygenated lipids in the search of potential biomarkers by LC-MS. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Koelmel JP, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Ni Z, Fedorova M, Kato S, Otoki Y, Nakagawa K, Lin EZ, Godri Pollitt KJ, Vasiliou V, Guingab JD, Garrett TJ, Williams TL, Bowden JA, Penumetcha M. A Novel Technique for Redox Lipidomics Using Mass Spectrometry: Application on Vegetable Oils Used to Fry Potatoes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1798-1809. [PMID: 34096708 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables oils, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, are vulnerable to oxidation during manufacturing, processing, and food preparation. Currently, individual oxidation products are not well characterized, and hence, the health impacts of these unique lipid species remain unknown. Here, we introduce an extensive oxidized lipidomics in silico tandem mass spectrometry library and integrate these libraries within a user-friendly software covering a comprehensive redox lipidomics workflow. We apply this workflow to olive, soy, and walnut cooking oil; comparing unheated oil, oil after deep frying potatoes, and oil after oven frying potatoes. We annotated over a thousand oxidized triglycerides across 273 features (many coeluted). This software was validated against traditional chemical assays of oxidation, known oxidized lipids in castor oil, synthesized standards, and an alternate software LPPtiger. Development of these new software programs for redox lipidomics opens the door to characterize health implications of individual oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Koelmel
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States
| | - Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology & Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Zhixu Ni
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 01403Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 01403Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Shunji Kato
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Z Lin
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States
| | | | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States
| | - Joy D Guingab
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Traycie L Williams
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Missouri 64093, United States
| | - John A Bowden
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology & Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Meera Penumetcha
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Missouri 64093, United States
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21
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Barker-Tejeda TC, Villaseñor A, Gonzalez-Riano C, López-López Á, Gradillas A, Barbas C. In vitro generation of oxidized standards for lipidomics. Application to major membrane lipid components. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462254. [PMID: 34118530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipids (sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, cardiolipins, and cholesteryl esters) are critical in cellular functions. Alterations in the levels of oxidized counterparts of some of these lipids have been linked to the onset and development of many pathologies. Unfortunately, the scarce commercial availability of chemically defined oxidized lipids is a limitation for accurate quantitative analysis, characterization of oxidized composition, or testing their biological effects in lipidomic studies. To address this dearth of standards, several approaches rely on in-house prepared mixtures of oxidized species generated under in vitro conditions from different sources - non-oxidized commercial standards, liposomes, micelles, cells, yeasts, and human preparations - and using different oxidant systems - UVA radiation, air exposure, enzymatic or chemical oxidant systems, among others. Moreover, high-throughput analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have provided evidence of their capabilities to study oxidized lipids both in in vitro models and complex biological samples. In this review, we describe the commercial resources currently available, the in vitro strategies carried out for obtaining oxidized lipids as standards for LC-MS analysis, and their applications in lipidomics studies, specifically for lipids found in cell and mitochondria membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Clive Barker-Tejeda
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain; Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Science, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain; Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Science, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Ángeles López-López
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain.
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22
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Moriasi GA, Ireri AM, Nelson EM, Ngugi MP. In vivo anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and in vitro antioxidant efficacy, and acute oral toxicity effects of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms.). Heliyon 2021; 7:e07145. [PMID: 34136700 PMCID: PMC8178075 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes and drives many agonising inflammatory conditions, which cause disability, financial burden, and emotional stress. The current anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant agents are associated with adverse effects, inaccessibility, high costs, and low efficacies, thereby warranting the need for alternatives, especially from natural sources. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx plant is traditionally used in Kenyan communities to treat various inflammatory and oxidative stress-associated diseases; however, its pharmacologic efficacy and safety have not been empirically validated, hence this study. The in vivo antiinflamatory and antinociceptive efficacy of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of L. eriocalyx were determined using the xylene-induced ear oedema, and the acetic acid-induced writhing techniques, respectively, in experimental mice. Also, in vitro antioxidant activities of the studied plant extracts were investigated using the Thiobarbituric acid test for lipid peroxidation, 1, 1-diphenyl -2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Ferric reducing antioxidant power standard assay methods. Moreover, the studied extracts' acute oral toxicity effects were investigated according to the Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The studied plant extracts showed significant dose-dependent inhibitions of oedema and writhing, depicting their anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive efficacy. Besides, the extracts revealed significant inhibitions of in vitro lipid peroxidation in varying degrees. Notably, the extracts demonstrated very strong DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant efficacies. Furthermore, the two studied plant extracts did not elicit acute oral toxicity, with LD50 values of >2000 mg/kg BW, hence were considered safe. The anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and in vitro antioxidant efficacies of these extracts were attributed to antioxidant phytocompounds with diverse pharmacologic effects, especially through the amelioration of oxidative stress. Further studies on the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant mechanism(s) and isolation and characterisation of responsible compounds are encouraged to spur the development of affordable, accessible, safe, and efficacious drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervason Apiri Moriasi
- Mount Kenya University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, P.O BOX 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
- Kenyatta University, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, P.O BOX 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Muriithi Ireri
- Kenyatta University, Department of Educational Psychology, P.O BOX 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elias Mandela Nelson
- Mount Kenya University, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. BOX 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Kenyatta University, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, P.O BOX 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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23
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Borrego SL, Fahrmann J, Hou J, Lin DW, Tromberg BJ, Fiehn O, Kaiser P. Lipid remodeling in response to methionine stress in MDA-MBA-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100056. [PMID: 33647277 PMCID: PMC8042402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid and critical precursor to the cellular methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine. Unlike nontransformed cells, cancer cells have a unique metabolic requirement for Met and are unable to proliferate in growth media where Met is replaced with its metabolic precursor, homocysteine. This metabolic vulnerability is common among cancer cells regardless of tissue origin and is known as "methionine dependence", "methionine stress sensitivity", or the Hoffman effect. The response of lipids to Met stress, however, is not well-understood. Using mass spectroscopy, label-free vibrational microscopy, and next-generation sequencing, we characterize the response of lipids to Met stress in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 and its Met stress insensitive derivative, MDA-MB-468res-R8. Lipidome analysis identified an immediate, global decrease in lipid abundances with the exception of triglycerides and an increase in lipid droplets in response to Met stress specifically in MDA-MB-468 cells. Furthermore, specific gene expression changes were observed as a secondary response to Met stress in MDA-MB-468, resulting in a downregulation of fatty acid metabolic genes and an upregulation of genes in the unfolded protein response pathway. We conclude that the extensive changes in lipid abundance during Met stress is a direct consequence of the modified metabolic profile previously described in Met stress-sensitive cells. The changes in lipid abundance likely results in changes in membrane composition inducing the unfolded protein response we observe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Borrego
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Fahrmann
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jue Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bruce J Tromberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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24
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Mamun A, Islam A, Eto F, Sato T, Kahyo T, Setou M. Mass spectrometry-based phospholipid imaging: methods and findings. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 17:843-854. [PMID: 33504247 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1880897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Imaging is a technique used for direct visualization of the internal structure or distribution of biomolecules of a living system in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional fashion. Phospholipids are important structural components of biological membranes and have been reported to be associated with various human diseases. Therefore, the visualization of phospholipids is crucial to understand the underlying mechanism of cellular and molecular processes in normal and diseased conditions. Areas covered: Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has enabled the label-free imaging of individual phospholipids in biological tissues and cells. The commonly used MSI techniques include matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-MSI (MALDI-MSI), desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (DESI-MSI), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging. This special report described those methods, summarized the findings, and discussed the future development for the imaging of phospholipids. Expert opinion: Phospholipids imaging in complex biological samples has been significantly benefited from the development of MSI methods. In MALDI-MSI, novel matrix that produces homogenous crystals exclusively with polar lipids is important for phospholipids imaging with greater efficiency and higher spatial resolution. DESI-MSI has the potential of live imaging of the biological surface while SIMS is expected to image at the subcellular level in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Mamun
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Eto
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center , Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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25
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Kobos L, Ferreira CR, Sobreira TJP, Rajwa B, Shannahan J. A novel experimental workflow to determine the impact of storage parameters on the mass spectrometric profiling and assessment of representative phosphatidylethanolamine lipids in mouse tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1837-1849. [PMID: 33462657 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of signaling lipids is essential for measuring biological processes. There is a lack of experimental data regarding the proper storage of extracts for signaling lipid analysis, potentially impacting the procedures that can lead to accurate and reproducible evaluation. In this study, the importance of pre-analytical conditions for analyzing ion transitions for phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), an abundant signaling phospholipid, was systematically assessed. A novel workflow was utilized involving an MRM-based experimental approach followed by statistical analysis. Specifically, lipids were extracted from the brain, heart, lungs, and serum of C57BL/6 mice. Extract subsets were resuspended in organic solvents prior to storage in various temperature conditions. Mass spectrometry analysis by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling was performed at four time points (1 day, 2 weeks, 2 months, or 6 months) to measure relative amounts of PEs in distinct lipid extract aliquots. We introduce an innovative statistical workflow to measure the changes in relative amounts of PEs in the profiles over time to determine lipid extract storage conditions in which fewer profile changes occur. Results demonstrated that time is the most significant factor affecting the changes in lipid samples, with temperature and solvent having comparatively minor effects. We conclude that for lipid extracts obtained by Bligh & Dyer extraction, storage at - 80.0 °C without solvent for less than 2 weeks before analysis is ideal. By considering the data generated by this study, lipid extract storage practices may be optimized and standardized, enhancing the validity and reproducibility of lipid assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kobos
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Christina R Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tiago J P Sobreira
- Computational Life Sciences and Informatics, Bindley Bioscience Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Computational Life Sciences and Informatics, Bindley Bioscience Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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26
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Gianazza E, Brioschi M, Martinez Fernandez A, Casalnuovo F, Altomare A, Aldini G, Banfi C. Lipid Peroxidation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:49-98. [PMID: 32640910 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVDs) continue to be a primary cause of mortality worldwide in adults aged 35-70 years, occurring more often in countries with lower economic development, and they constitute an ever-growing global burden that has a considerable socioeconomic impact on society. The ACVDs encompass diverse pathologies such as coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF), among others. Recent Advances: It is known that oxidative stress plays a relevant role in ACVDs and some of its effects are mediated by lipid oxidation. In particular, lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a process under which oxidants such as reactive oxygen species attack unsaturated lipids, generating a wide array of oxidation products. These molecules can interact with circulating lipoproteins, to diffuse inside the cell and even to cross biological membranes, modifying target nucleophilic sites within biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, and resulting in a plethora of biological effects. Critical Issues: This review summarizes the evidence of the effect of LPO in the development and progression of atherosclerosis-based diseases, HF, and other cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the role of protein adduct formation. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies targeted at lipoxidation in ACVDs are also discussed. Future Directions: The identification of valid biomarkers for the detection of lipoxidation products and adducts may provide insights into the improvement of the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients and the development of therapeutic strategies against the oxidative effects that can then be applied within a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gianazza
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Brioschi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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27
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Busco G, Robert E, Chettouh-Hammas N, Pouvesle JM, Grillon C. The emerging potential of cold atmospheric plasma in skin biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:290-304. [PMID: 33039651 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of skin integrity is crucial to ensure the physiological barrier against exogenous compounds, microorganisms and dehydration but also to fulfill social and aesthetic purposes. Besides the development of new actives intended to enter a formulation, innovative technologies based on physical principles have been proposed in the last years. Among them, Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) technology, which already showed interesting results in dermatology, is currently being studied for its potential in skin treatments and cares. CAP bio-medical studies gather several different expertise ranging from physics to biology through chemistry and biochemistry, making this topic hard to pin. In this review we provide a broad survey of the interactions between CAP and skin. In the first section, we tried to give some fundamentals on skin structure and physiology, related to its essential functions, together with the main bases on cold plasma and its physicochemical properties. In the following parts we dissected and analyzed each CAP parameter to highlight the already known and the possible effects they can play on skin. This overview aims to get an idea of the potential of cold atmospheric plasma technology in skin biology for the future developments of dermo-cosmetic treatments, for example in aging prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Busco
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301, CNRS, 45071, Orléans, France; Groupe de Recherches sur l'Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, UMR 7344, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45067, Orléans, France.
| | - Eric Robert
- Groupe de Recherches sur l'Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, UMR 7344, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45067, Orléans, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Pouvesle
- Groupe de Recherches sur l'Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, UMR 7344, Université d'Orléans/CNRS, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Catherine Grillon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301, CNRS, 45071, Orléans, France.
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28
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Deng P, Wang C, Wahlang B, Sexton T, Morris AJ, Hennig B. Co-exposure to PCB126 and PFOS increases biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease risk and liver injury in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115301. [PMID: 33096110 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)126 and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are halogenated organic pollutants of high concern. Exposure to these chemicals is ubiquitous, and can lead to potential synergistic adverse effects in individuals exposed to both classes of chemicals. The present study was designed to identify interactions between PCB126 and PFOS that might promote acute changes in inflammatory pathways associated with cardiovascular disease and liver injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to vehicle, PCB126, PFOS, or a mixture of both pollutants. Plasma and liver samples were collected at 48 h after exposure. Changes in the expression of hepatic genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis were investigated. Plasma and liver samples was analyzed using untargeted lipidomic method. Hepatic mRNA levels for Nqo1, Icam1, and PAI1 were significantly increased in the mixture-exposed mice. Plasma levels of PAI1, a marker of fibrosis and thrombosis, were also significantly elevated in the mixture-exposed group. Liver injury was observed only in the mixture-exposed mice. Lipidomic analysis revealed that co-exposure to the mixture enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation and elevated oxidized phospholipids levels. In summary, this study shows that acute co-exposure to PCB126 and PFOS in mice results in liver injury and increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Deng
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Travis Sexton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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29
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Effect of Substrate Stiffness on Physicochemical Properties of Normal and Fibrotic Lung Fibroblasts. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204495. [PMID: 33050502 PMCID: PMC7600549 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The presented research aims to verify whether physicochemical properties of lung fibroblasts, modified by substrate stiffness, can be used to discriminate between normal and fibrotic cells from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The impact of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate stiffness on the physicochemical properties of normal (LL24) and IPF-derived lung fibroblasts (LL97A) was examined in detail. The growth and elasticity of cells were assessed using fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy working in force spectroscopy mode, respectively. The number of fibroblasts, as well as their shape and the arrangement, strongly depends on the mechanical properties of the substrate. Moreover, normal fibroblasts remain more rigid as compared to their fibrotic counterparts, which may indicate the impairments of IPF-derived fibroblasts induced by the fibrosis process. The chemical properties of normal and IPF-derived lung fibroblasts inspected using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and analyzed complexly with principal component analysis (PCA), show a significant difference in the distribution of cholesterol and phospholipids. Based on the observed distinctions between healthy and fibrotic cells, the mechanical properties of cells may serve as prospective diagnostic biomarkers enabling fast and reliable identification of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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30
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Lipids and phenylketonuria: Current evidences pointed the need for lipidomics studies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 688:108431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Advancing Target Identification of Nitrated Phospholipids in Biological Systems by HCD Specific Fragmentation Fingerprinting in Orbitrap Platforms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092120. [PMID: 32369981 PMCID: PMC7248851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrated phospholipids have recently been detected in vitro and in vivo and associated with beneficial health effects. They were identified and quantified in biological samples by lipidomics methodologies using liquid chromatography-collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) acquired with the linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Only a few studies have used higher-energy collision dissociation (HCD)-MS/MS in high-resolution Orbitraps to characterize nitrated phosphatidylserines and nitrated cardiolipins, highlighting the marked differences in the fragmentation patterns when using CID or HCD fragmentation methods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the fragmentation of nitrated phosphatidylcholine and nitrated phosphatidylethanolamine species under HCD-MS/MS. We studied the effect of normalized collision energy (NCE) in the fragmentation pattern to identify the best acquisition conditions and reporter ions to detect nitrated phospholipids. The results showed that the intensity of the typical neutral loss of nitrous acid (HNO2) diminishes with increasing NCE, becoming non-detectable for a higher NCE. Thus, the loss of HNO2 could not be the most suitable ion/fragment for the characterization of nitrated phospholipids under HCD. In HCD-MS/MS new fragment ions were identified, corresponding to the nitrated fatty acyl chains, NO2-RCOO−, (NO2-RCOOH-H2O + H)+, and (NO2-RCOOH + H)+, suggested as potential reporter ions to detect nitrated phospholipids when using the HCD-MS/MS lipidomics analysis.
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Britt HM, Prakash AS, Appleby S, Mosely JA, Sanderson JM. Lysis of membrane lipids promoted by small organic molecules: Reactivity depends on structure but not lipophilicity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz8598. [PMID: 32426467 PMCID: PMC7176411 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several organic molecules of low molecular weight (<150 Da) are demonstrated to have substantial membrane-lytic potential despite having a low predicted lipophilicity (logD < 1 at neutral pH). In aqueous liposome dispersions, 38 aromatic compounds were tested for their ability to either promote lipid hydrolysis or directly participate in chemical reactions with lipid molecules. Behaviors observed included acyl transfer from the lipid to form a lipidated compound, both with and without concomitant lysolipid formation; increases in the rate of lipid hydrolysis without lipidation; and no reactivity. The variation in activity, including a notably higher activity for heterocycles such as amino-substituted benzimidazoles and indazoles, demonstrates the potential to predict or "design-in" lytic activity once the rules that govern reactivity are better understood. The nature of this chemical instability has significant ramifications for the use or presence of lipids in diverse fields such as materials chemistry, food chemistry, and cell physiology.
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Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:363-383. [PMID: 32231263 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2239] [Impact Index Per Article: 559.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
'Reactive oxygen species' (ROS) is an umbrella term for an array of derivatives of molecular oxygen that occur as a normal attribute of aerobic life. Elevated formation of the different ROS leads to molecular damage, denoted as 'oxidative distress'. Here we focus on ROS at physiological levels and their central role in redox signalling via different post-translational modifications, denoted as 'oxidative eustress'. Two species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the superoxide anion radical (O2·-), are key redox signalling agents generated under the control of growth factors and cytokines by more than 40 enzymes, prominently including NADPH oxidases and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. At the low physiological levels in the nanomolar range, H2O2 is the major agent signalling through specific protein targets, which engage in metabolic regulation and stress responses to support cellular adaptation to a changing environment and stress. In addition, several other reactive species are involved in redox signalling, for instance nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxidized lipids. Recent methodological advances permit the assessment of molecular interactions of specific ROS molecules with specific targets in redox signalling pathways. Accordingly, major advances have occurred in understanding the role of these oxidants in physiology and disease, including the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, skeletal muscle and metabolic regulation as well as ageing and cancer. In the past, unspecific elimination of ROS by use of low molecular mass antioxidant compounds was not successful in counteracting disease initiation and progression in clinical trials. However, controlling specific ROS-mediated signalling pathways by selective targeting offers a perspective for a future of more refined redox medicine. This includes enzymatic defence systems such as those controlled by the stress-response transcription factors NRF2 and nuclear factor-κB, the role of trace elements such as selenium, the use of redox drugs and the modulation of environmental factors collectively known as the exposome (for example, nutrition, lifestyle and irradiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Moriasi GA, Ireri AM, Ngugi MP. In Vivo Cognitive-Enhancing, Ex Vivo Malondialdehyde-Lowering Activities and Phytochemical Profiles of Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.). Int J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 2020:1367075. [PMID: 32308992 PMCID: PMC7128055 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1367075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is among the leading causes of disability in humans. It is estimated that over 35.6 million people are suffering from Alzheimer's disease- (AD-) associated cognitive deficits globally with these statistics projected to rise over 115.4 million by the year 2050. There is no specific etiology for this cognitive impairment; however, various contributing factors including advancing age (>60 years old), oxidative stress, cerebral injuries, infections, neurologic disorders, and cancer have been implicated. Despite various attempts to manage CI, no curative medicines are yet available. The current drugs used to manage symptoms of AD-associated CI including Donepezil and Rivastigmine among others are only palliative rather than therapeutic. Furthermore, these agents have been associated with undesirable side effects. This calls for alternative and complementary approaches aimed at either preventing or reverting AD-related CI in a curative way without causing adverse events. It is estimated that over 80% of the world's population utilize herbal medicines for basic healthcare as it is considered safe, affordable, and easily accessible as opposed to conventional healthcare. Various parts of P. thonningii are used in traditional medicine to manage various conditions including CI. However, empirical and scientific data to validate these uses is lacking. In this study, the Morris water maze (MWM) experiment was adopted to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing effects of the studied plant extracts. The malondialdehyde (MDA) profiles in the brains of experimental mice were determined using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) test. Moreover, qualitative phytochemical profiling of the studied plant extracts was performed using standard procedures. The results showed remarkable cognitive-enhancing activities which were reflected in significantly shorter transfer latencies, navigation distances, longer time spent in platform quadrant, and lower MDA levels compared with those recorded for the negative control mice (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening of the studied plant extracts revealed the presence of antioxidant phytocompounds, which may have played key roles in the extracts' potency. Based on the findings herein, P. thonningii extracts, especially the aqueous ones have a promising potential for the management of AD-associated CI. Further studies aimed at isolating and characterizing specific active compounds for CI from P. thonningii are recommended. Additionally, specific mode(s) of action of active principles should be elucidated. Moreover, toxicity studies should be done on the studied plant extracts to ascertain their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervason Apiri Moriasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O BOX 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Muriithi Ireri
- Department of Educational Psychology, Kenyatta University, P.O BOX 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O BOX 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
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35
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Walters JL, Gadella BM, Sutherland JM, Nixon B, Bromfield EG. Male Infertility: Shining a Light on Lipids and Lipid-Modulating Enzymes in the Male Germline. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E327. [PMID: 31979378 PMCID: PMC7073900 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of male factor infertility, most cases are defined as idiopathic, thus limiting treatment options and driving increased rates of recourse to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Regrettably, our current armory of ARTs does not constitute therapeutic treatments for male infertility, thus highlighting an urgent need for novel intervention strategies. In our attempts to fill this void, we have come to appreciate that the production of pathological levels of oxygen radicals within the male germline are a defining etiology of many idiopathic infertility cases. Indeed, an imbalance of reactive oxygen species can precipitate a cascade of deleterious sequelae, beginning with the peroxidation of membrane lipids and culminating in cellular dysfunction and death. Here, we shine light on the importance of lipid homeostasis, and the impact of lipid stress in the demise of the male germ cell. We also seek to highlight the utility of emerging lipidomic technologies to enhance our understanding of the diverse roles that lipids play in sperm function, and to identify biomarkers capable of tracking infertility in patient cohorts. Such information should improve our fundamental understanding of the mechanistic causes of male infertility and find application in the development of efficacious treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L.H. Walters
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Environmental and Life Sciences and Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Bart M. Gadella
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessie M. Sutherland
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Environmental and Life Sciences and Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Environmental and Life Sciences and Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Schools of Environmental and Life Sciences and Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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Liakh I, Pakiet A, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Methods of the Analysis of Oxylipins in Biological Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:E349. [PMID: 31952163 PMCID: PMC7024226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids and due to their important and diverse functions in the body, they have become a popular subject of studies. The main challenge for researchers is their low stability and often very low concentration in samples. Therefore, in recent years there have been developments in the extraction and analysis methods of oxylipins. New approaches in extraction methods were described in our previous review. In turn, the old analysis methods have been replaced by new approaches based on mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), and the best of these methods allow hundreds of oxylipins to be quantitatively identified. This review presents comparative and comprehensive information on the progress of various methods used by various authors to achieve the best results in the analysis of oxylipins in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
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37
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Gruber F, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Kremslehner C, Schosserer M. The Skin Epilipidome in Stress, Aging, and Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:607076. [PMID: 33551998 PMCID: PMC7859619 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are highly diverse biomolecules crucial for the formation and function of cellular membranes, for metabolism, and for cellular signaling. In the mammalian skin, lipids additionally serve for the formation of the epidermal barrier and as surface lipids, together regulating permeability, physical properties, acidification and the antimicrobial defense. Recent advances in accuracy and specificity of mass spectrometry have allowed studying enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications of lipids-the epilipidome-multiplying the known diversity of molecules in this class. As the skin is an organ that is frequently exposed to oxidative-, chemical- and thermal stress, and to injury and inflammation, it is an ideal organ to study epilipidome dynamics, their causes, and their biological consequences. Recent studies uncover loss or gain in biological function resulting from either specific modifications or the sum of the modifications of lipids. These studies suggest an important role for the epilipidome in stress responses and immune regulation in the skin. In this minireview we provide a short survey of the recent developments on causes and consequences of epilipidomic changes in the skin or in cell types that reside in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE -, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Florian Gruber,
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE -, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE -, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE -, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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38
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Montero-Bullon JF, Melo T, Rosário M Domingues M, Domingues P. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry characterization of nitroso, nitrated and nitroxidized cardiolipin products. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:183-191. [PMID: 31095999 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CL) are anionic dimeric phospholipids bearing four fatty acids, found in inner mitochondrial membrane as structural components and are involved in several processes as oxidative phosphorylation or apoptotic signalling. As other phospholipids, CL can be modified by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which can modulate various cellular functions. Modifications of CL by RNS remain largely unstudied although other nitrated lipids are emerging as bioactive molecules. In this work, we developed a C30-LC-HRMS/MS methodology to identify the nitrated and nitroxidized tetralinoleoyl-cardiolipin (TLCL), using a biomimetic model of nitration, and to disclose specific fragmentation pathways under HCD MS/MS. Using this lipidomics approach, we were able to separate and identify nitro, nitroso, nitronitroso, and nitroxidized TLCL derivatives, comprising 11 different nitrated compounds. These products were identified using accurate mass measurements and the fragmentation pattern acquired in higher-energy collision dissociation (HCD)-tandem MS/MS experiments. These spectra showed classifying fragmentation pathways, yielding phosphatidic acid (PA-), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA-), and carboxylate fragment ions with the modifying moiety. Remarkably, the typical neutral losses associated with the added moieties were not observed. In conclusion, this work has developed a new method for the identification of nitroso, nitrated and nitroxidized cardiolipin products by using a C30LC-MS platform method, potentially allowing their detection in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullon
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Li L, Zhong S, Shen X, Li Q, Xu W, Tao Y, Yin H. Recent development on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of oxidized lipids. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:16-34. [PMID: 31202785 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the cellular membrane can be oxidized by various enzymes or reactive oxygen species (ROS) to form many oxidized lipids. These metabolites are highly bioactive, participating in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Mass spectrometry (MS), coupled with Liquid Chromatography, has been increasingly recognized as an indispensable tool for the analysis of oxidized lipids due to its excellent sensitivity and selectivity. We will give an update on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to generation of various oxidized lipids and recent progress on the development of LC-MS in the detection of these bioactive lipids derived from fatty acids, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the formation mechanisms and technological advances in LC-MS for the study of oxidized lipids in human diseases, and to shed new light on the potential of using oxidized lipids as biomarkers and mechanistic clues of pathogenesis related to lipid metabolism. The key technical problems associated with analysis of oxidized lipids and challenges in the field will also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiujing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Medical Technology, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100000, China.
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40
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Substitution effects of NaCl by KCl and CaCl 2 on Lipolysis of Salted Meat. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120595. [PMID: 31756914 PMCID: PMC6963760 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the reduction and partial substitution effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) by potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) on lipolysis and lipid oxidation in salted meat aiming at reducing sodium content. To evaluate the effect of different salts on lipid oxidation thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) assay was performed along 180 days. Furthermore, ESI-MS/MS and GC analysis were conducted to detect and identify oxidized lipids, volatile compounds and free fatty acids profiles during the meat processing time. Lipid profiles from different salted meat demonstrated that CaCl2 salt have inducted more lipid oxidation when compared to the combination of NaCl and KCl salts, highlighting the implication of CaCl2 on increased lipolysis reactions. Moreover, the obtained results from both the analyses suggest that a combination of NaCl and KCl salts can be a good alternative for reducing the sodium content without compromising the quality of the salted meat.
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41
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Gruber F, Kremslehner C, Narzt MS. The impact of recent advances in lipidomics and redox lipidomics on dermatological research. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:256-265. [PMID: 31004751 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dermatological research is a major beneficiary of the rapidly developing advances in lipid analytic technology and of bioinformatic tools which help to decipher and interpret the accumulating big lipid data. At its interface with the environment, the epidermis develops a blend of lipids that constitutes the epidermal lipid barrier, essential for the protection from water loss and entry of dangerous noxae. Apart from their structural role in the barrier, novel intra- and inter-cellular signaling functions of lipids and their oxidation products have been uncovered in most cutaneous cell types over the last decades, and the discovery rate has been boosted by the advent of high resolution and -throughput mass spectrometric techniques. Our understanding of epidermal development has benefited from studies on fetal surface lipids, which appear to signal for adaptation to desiccation post partum, and from studies on the dynamics of epidermal lipids during adjustment to the atmosphere in the first months of life. At birth, external insults begin to challenge the skin and its lipids, and recent years have yielded ample insights into the dynamics of lipid synthesis and -oxdiation after UV exposure, and upon contact with sensitizers and irritants. Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases, affecting at least 3% and 7% of the global population, respectively. Consequently, novel (redox-) lipidomic techniques have been applied to study systemic and topical lipid abnormalities in patient cohorts. These studies have refined the knowledge on eicosanoid signaling in both diseases, and have identified novel biomarkers and potential disease mediators, such as lipid antigens recognized by psoriatic T cells, as well as ceramide species, which specifically correlate with atopic dermatitis severity. Both biomarkers have yielded novel mechanistic insights. Finally, the technological progress has enabled studies to be performed that have monitored the consequences of diet, lifestyle, therapy and cosmetic intervention on the skin lipidome, highlighting the translational potential of (redox-) lipidomics in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Sophie Narzt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
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42
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Ni Z, Goracci L, Cruciani G, Fedorova M. Computational solutions in redox lipidomics - Current strategies and future perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:110-123. [PMID: 31035005 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The high chemical diversity of lipids allows them to perform multiple biological functions ranging from serving as structural building blocks of biological membranes to regulation of metabolism and signal transduction. In addition to the native lipidome, lipid species derived from enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications (the epilipidome) make the overall picture even more complex, as their functions are still largely unknown. Oxidized lipids represent the fraction of epilipidome which has attracted high scientific attention due to their apparent involvement in the onset and development of numerous human disorders. Development of high-throughput analytical methods such as liquid chromatography coupled on-line to mass spectrometry provides the possibility to address epilipidome diversity in complex biological samples. However, the main bottleneck of redox lipidomics, the branch of lipidomics dealing with the characterization of oxidized lipids, remains the lack of optimal computational tools for robust, accurate and specific identification of already discovered and yet unknown modified lipids. Here we discuss the main principles of high-throughput identification of lipids and their modified forms and review the main software tools currently available in redox lipidomics. Different levels of confidence for software assisted identification of redox lipidome are defined and necessary steps toward optimal computational solutions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixu Ni
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany.
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Parchem K, Sasson S, Ferreri C, Bartoszek A. Qualitative analysis of phospholipids and their oxidised derivatives - used techniques and examples of their applications related to lipidomic research and food analysis. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1068-1100. [PMID: 31419920 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1657573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) are important biomolecules that not only constitute structural building blocks and scaffolds of cell and organelle membranes but also play a vital role in cell biochemistry and physiology. Moreover, dietary exogenous PLs are characterised by high nutritional value and other beneficial health effects, which are confirmed by numerous epidemiological studies. For this reason, PLs are of high interest in lipidomics that targets both the analysis of membrane lipid distribution as well as correlates composition of lipids with their effects on functioning of cells, tissues and organs. Lipidomic assessments follow-up the changes occurring in living organisms, such as free radical attack and oxidative modifications of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) build in PL structures. Oxidised PLs (oxPLs) can be generated exogenously and supplied to organisms with processed food or formed endogenously as a result of oxidative stress. Cellular and tissue oxPLs can be a biomarker predictive of the development of numerous diseases such as atherosclerosis or neuroinflammation. Therefore, suitable high-throughput analytical techniques, which enable comprehensive analysis of PL molecules in terms of the structure of hydrophilic group, fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative modifications of FAs, have been currently developed. This review addresses all aspects of PL analysis, including lipid isolation, chromatographic separation of PL classes and species, as well as their detection. The bioinformatic tools that enable handling of a large amount of data generated during lipidomic analysis are also discussed. In addition, imaging techniques such as confocal microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging for analysis of cellular lipid maps, including membrane PLs, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Parchem
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Shlomo Sasson
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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44
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Trotter KD, Owojaiye O, Meredith SP, Keating PE, Spicer MD, Reglinski J, Spickett CM. The interaction of silver(II) complexes with biological macromolecules and antioxidants. Biometals 2019; 32:627-640. [PMID: 31098734 PMCID: PMC6647504 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver is widely used for its antimicrobial properties, but microbial resistance to heavy metals is increasing. Silver(II) compounds are more oxidizing and therefore have the potential to overcome resistance via extensive attack on cellular components, but have traditionally been hard to stabilize for biological applications. Here, the high oxidation state cation was stabilised using pyridinecarboxylate ligands, of which the 2,6-dicarboxypyridine Ag(II) complex (Ag2,6P) was found to have the best tractability. This complex was found to be more stable in phosphate buffer than DMSO, allowing studies of its interaction with water soluble antioxidants and biological macromolecules, with the aim of demonstrating its potential to oxidize them, as well as determining the reaction products. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that Ag2,6P was rapidly reduced by the antioxidants glutathione, ascorbic acid and vitamin E; the unsaturated lipids arachidonic and linoleic acids, model carbohydrate β-cyclodextrin, and protein cytochrome c also reacted readily. Analysis of the reaction with glutathione by NMR and electrospray mass spectrometry confirmed that the glutathione was oxidized to the disulfide form. Mass spectrometry also clearly showed the addition of multiple oxygen atoms to the unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting a radical mechanism, and cross-linking of linoleic acid was observed. The seven hydroxyl groups of β-cyclodextrin were found to be completely oxidized to the corresponding carboxylates. Treatment of cytochrome c with Ag2,6P led to protein aggregation and fragmentation, and dose-dependent oxidative damage was demonstrated by oxyblotting. Thus Ag2,6P was found to be highly oxidizing to a wide variety of polar and nonpolar biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Trotter
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Strathclyde University, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Olawale Owojaiye
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Strathclyde University, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart P Meredith
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Pat E Keating
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Strathclyde University, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Mark D Spicer
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Strathclyde University, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - John Reglinski
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Strathclyde University, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK.
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Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Anthonymuthu T, Amoscato AA, Sparvero LJ, Nesterova AM, Baynard ML, Sun W, He R, Khaitovich P, Vladimirov YA, Gabrilovich DI, Bayır H, Kagan VE. "Redox lipidomics technology: Looking for a needle in a haystack". Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:93-107. [PMID: 30928338 PMCID: PMC6714565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic life is based on numerous metabolic oxidation reactions as well as biosynthesis of oxygenated signaling compounds. Among the latter are the myriads of oxygenated lipids including a well-studied group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) - octadecanoids, eicosanoids, and docosanoids. During the last two decades, remarkable progress in liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry has led to significant progress in the characterization of oxygenated PUFA-containing phospholipids, thus designating the emergence of a new field of lipidomics, redox lipidomics. Although non-enzymatic free radical reactions of lipid peroxidation have been mostly associated with the aberrant metabolism typical of acute injury or chronic degenerative processes, newly accumulated evidence suggests that enzymatically catalyzed (phospho)lipid oxygenation reactions are essential mechanisms of many physiological pathways. In this review, we discuss a variety of contemporary protocols applicable for identification and quantitative characterization of different classes of peroxidized (phospho)lipids. We describe applications of different types of LCMS for analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids, particularly cardiolipins and phosphatidylethanolalmines, in two important types of programmed cell death - apoptosis and ferroptosis. We discuss the role of peroxidized phosphatidylserines in phagocytotic signaling. We exemplify the participation of peroxidized neutral lipids, particularly tri-acylglycerides, in immuno-suppressive signaling in cancer. We also consider new approaches to exploring the spatial distribution of phospholipids in the context of their oxidizability by MS imaging, including the latest achievements in high resolution imaging techniques. We present innovative approaches to the interpretation of LC-MS data, including audio-representation analysis. Overall, we emphasize the role of redox lipidomics as a communication language, unprecedented in diversity and richness, through the analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamil Anthonymuthu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastasiia M Nesterova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthew L Baynard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanyang Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - RongRong He
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuri A Vladimirov
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Oxylipins in Biological Samples. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081639. [PMID: 31027298 PMCID: PMC6515351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are potent lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, which play important roles in various biological processes. Being important regulators and/or markers of a wide range of normal and pathological processes, oxylipins are becoming a popular subject of research; however, the low stability and often very low concentration of oxylipins in samples are a significant challenge for authors and continuous improvement is required in both the extraction and analysis techniques. In recent years, the study of oxylipins has been directly related to the development of new technological platforms based on mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)/MS), as well as the improvement in methods for the extraction of oxylipins from biological samples. In this review, we systematize and compare information on sample preparation procedures, including solid-phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction from different biological tissues.
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Mika A, Sledzinski T, Stepnowski P. Current Progress of Lipid Analysis in Metabolic Diseases by Mass Spectrometry Methods. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:60-103. [PMID: 28971757 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171003121127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are associated with lipid alterations, and they affect the risk of long-term cardiovascular disease. A reliable analytical instrument to detect changes in the composition or structures of lipids and the tools allowing to connect changes in a specific group of lipids with a specific disease and its progress, is constantly lacking. Lipidomics is a new field of medicine based on the research and identification of lipids and lipid metabolites present in human organism. The primary aim of lipidomics is to search for new biomarkers of different diseases, mainly civilization diseases. OBJECTIVE We aimed to review studies reporting the application of mass spectrometry for lipid analysis in metabolic diseases. METHOD Following an extensive search of peer-reviewed articles on the mass spectrometry analysis of lipids the literature has been discussed in this review article. RESULTS The lipid group contains around 1.7 million species; they are totally different, in terms of the length of aliphatic chain, amount of rings, additional functional groups. Some of them are so complex that their complex analyses are a challenge for analysts. Their qualitative and quantitative analysis of is based mainly on mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION Mass spectrometry techniques are excellent tools for lipid profiling in complex biological samples and the combination with multivariate statistical analysis enables the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland
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Solati Z, Ravandi A. Lipidomics of Bioactive Lipids in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051051. [PMID: 30823404 PMCID: PMC6429306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to ischemic conditions that occur as a result of atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation. It has been shown that lipid peroxidation may cause plaque instability by inducing inflammation, apoptosis, and neovascularization. There is some evidence showing that these oxidized lipids may have a prognostic value in ACS. For instance, higher levels of oxidized phospholipids on apo B-100 lipoproteins (OxPL/apoB) predicted cardiovascular events independent of traditional risk factors, C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). A recent cross-sectional study showed that levels of oxylipins, namely 8,9-DiHETrE and 16-HETE, were significantly associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, respectively. They found that with every 1 nmol/L increase in the concentrations of 8,9-DiHETrE, the odds of ACS increased by 454-fold. As lipid peroxidation makes heterogonous pools of secondary products, therefore, rapid multi-analyte quantification methods are needed for their assessment. Conventional lipid assessment methods such as chemical reagents or immunoassays lack specificity and sensitivity. Lipidomics may provide another layer of a detailed molecular level to lipid assessment, which may eventually lead to exploring novel biomarkers and/or new treatment options. Here, we will briefly review the lipidomics of bioactive lipids in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Solati
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada.
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada.
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Lipoxidation in cardiovascular diseases. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101119. [PMID: 30833142 PMCID: PMC6859589 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids can go through lipid peroxidation, an endogenous chain reaction that consists in the oxidative degradation of lipids leading to the generation of a wide variety of highly reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as short-chain carbonyl derivatives and oxidized truncated phospholipids. RCS exert a wide range of biological effects due to their ability to interact and covalently bind to nucleophilic groups on other macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and proteins, forming reversible and/or irreversible modifications and generating the so-called advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs). Lipoxidation plays a relevant role in the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly in the atherosclerosis-based diseases in which oxidized lipids and their adducts have been extensively characterized and associated with several processes responsible for the onset and development of atherosclerosis, such as endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Herein we will review the current knowledge on the sources of lipids that undergo oxidation in the context of cardiovascular diseases, both from the bloodstream and tissues, and the methods for detection, characterization, and quantitation of their oxidative products and protein adducts. Moreover, lipoxidation and ALEs have been associated with many oxidative-based diseases, including CVD, not only as potential biomarkers but also as therapeutic targets. Indeed, several therapeutic strategies, acting at different levels of the ALEs cascade, have been proposed, essentially blocking ALEs formation, but also their catabolism or the resulting biological responses they induce. However, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of formation and targets of ALEs could expand the available therapeutic strategies.
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50
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Kelkar DS, Ravikumar G, Mehendale N, Singh S, Joshi A, Sharma AK, Mhetre A, Rajendran A, Chakrapani H, Kamat SS. A chemical-genetic screen identifies ABHD12 as an oxidized-phosphatidylserine lipase. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:169-178. [PMID: 30643283 PMCID: PMC6420073 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are transient, highly reactive intermediates or byproducts produced during oxygen metabolism. However, when innate mechanisms are unable to cope with sequestration of surplus ROS, oxidative stress results, in which excess ROS damage biomolecules. Oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS), a proapoptotic 'eat me' signal, is produced in response to elevated ROS, yet little is known regarding its chemical composition and metabolism. Here, we report a small molecule that generates ROS in different mammalian cells. We used this molecule to detect, characterize and study oxidized PS in mammalian cells. We developed a chemical-genetic screen to identify enzymes that regulate oxidized PS in mammalian cells and found that the lipase ABHD12 hydrolyzes oxidized PS. We validated these findings in different physiological settings including primary peritoneal macrophages and brains from Abhd12-/- mice under inflammatory stress, and in the process, we functionally annotated an enzyme regulating oxidized PS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree S Kelkar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Govindan Ravikumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Neelay Mehendale
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Shubham Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Alaumy Joshi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Amol Mhetre
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Abinaya Rajendran
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India.
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