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Toledano JM, Puche-Juarez M, Galvez-Navas JM, Moreno-Fernandez J, Diaz-Castro J, Ochoa JJ. Pregnancy Disorders: A Potential Role for Mitochondrial Altered Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:979. [PMID: 39199225 PMCID: PMC11351112 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex and challenging process associated with physiological changes whose objective is to adapt the maternal organism to the increasing energetic requirements due to embryo and fetal development. A failed adaptation to these demands may lead to pregnancy complications that threaten the health of both mothers and their offspring. Since mitochondria are the main organelle responsible for energy generation in the form of ATP, the adequate state of these organelles seems crucial for proper pregnancy development and healthy pregnancy outcomes. The homeostasis of these organelles depends on several aspects, including their content, biogenesis, energy production, oxidative stress, dynamics, and signaling functions, such as apoptosis, which can be modified in relation to diseases during pregnancy. The etiology of pregnancy disorders like preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus is not yet well understood. Nevertheless, insufficient placental perfusion and oxygen transfer are characteristic of many of them, being associated with alterations in the previously cited different aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis. Therefore, and due to the capacity of these multifactorial organelles to respond to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli, it is of great importance to gather the currently available scientific information regarding the relationship between main pregnancy complications and mitochondrial alterations. According to this, the present review is intended to show clear insight into the possible implications of mitochondria in these disorders, thus providing relevant information for further investigation in relation to the investigation and management of pregnancy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Galvez-Navas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cáncer Registry of Granada, Andalusian School of Public Health, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
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Tan B, Lin L, Yuan Y, Long Y, Kang Y, Huang B, Huang LF, Li JH, Tong C, Qi HB. Endothelial progenitor cells control remodeling of uterine spiral arteries for the establishment of utero-placental circulation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1842-1859.e12. [PMID: 38663400 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Placental ischemia, resulting from inadequate remodeling of uterine spiral arteries, is a factor in the development of preeclampsia. However, the effect of endothelial progenitor cells that play a role in the vascular injury-repair program is largely unexplored during remodeling. Here, we observe that preeclampsia-afflicted uterine spiral arteries transition to a synthetic phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells and characterize the regulatory axis in endothelial progenitor cells during remodeling in human decidua basalis. Excessive sEng, secreted by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-deficient endothelial progenitor cells through the inhibition of HO-1, damages residual endothelium and leads to the accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by vascular smooth muscle cells during remodeling, which is further confirmed by animal models. Collectively, our findings suggest that the impaired functionality of endothelial progenitor cells contributes to the narrowing of remodeled uterine spiral arteries, leading to reduced utero-placental perfusion. This mechanism holds promise in elucidating the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yao Long
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li-Fei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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3
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Kobayashi H, Yoshimoto C, Matsubara S, Shigetomi H, Imanaka S. An integral role of mitochondrial function in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:330. [PMID: 38393449 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The development of effective treatment strategies remains a major challenge due to the limited understanding of the pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of PE research, focusing on the molecular basis of mitochondrial function in normal and PE placentas, and discuss perspectives on future research directions. Mitochondria integrate numerous physiological processes such as energy production, cellular redox homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy, a selective autophagic clearance of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Normal placental mitochondria have evolved innovative survival strategies to cope with uncertain environments (e.g., hypoxia and nutrient starvation). Cytotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblast cells, and syncytiotrophoblasts all have distinct mitochondrial morphology and function. Recent advances in molecular studies on the spatial and temporal changes in normal mitochondrial function are providing valuable insight into PE pathogenesis. In PE placentas, hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial fission may induce activation of mitophagy machinery, leading to increased mitochondrial fragmentation and placental tissue damage over time. Repair mechanisms in mitochondrial function restore placental function, but disruption of compensatory mechanisms can induce apoptotic death of trophoblast cells. Additionally, molecular markers associated with repair or compensatory mechanisms that may influence the development and progression of PE are beginning to be identified. However, contradictory results have been obtained regarding some of the molecules that control mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy in PE placentas. In conclusion, understanding how the mitochondrial morphology and function influence cell fate decisions of trophoblast cells is an important issue in normal as well as pathological placentation biology. Research focusing on mitochondrial function will become increasingly important for elucidating the pathogenesis and effective treatment strategies of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, 871-1 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-0813, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijyonishi-machi, Nara, 630-8581, Japan
| | - Sho Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kei Oushin Clinic, 5-2-6, Naruo-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8184, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Aska Ladies Clinic, 3-3-17 Kitatomigaoka-cho, Nara, 634- 0001, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, 871-1 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-0813, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
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4
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Kulovic-Sissawo A, Tocantins C, Diniz MS, Weiss E, Steiner A, Tokic S, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Pereira SP, Hiden U. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Unraveling Insights from Vascular Endothelial Cells. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:70. [PMID: 38392289 PMCID: PMC10886154 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with several lifestyle-related diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and it contributes significantly to the global health burden. Recent research indicates a link between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial impairment, and endothelial dysfunction. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited into the vessel wall to maintain appropriate endothelial function, repair, and angiogenesis. After attachment, EPCs differentiate into mature endothelial cells (ECs). Like ECs, EPCs are also susceptible to CVRFs, including metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction of EPCs may have long-term effects on the function of the mature ECs into which EPCs differentiate, particularly in the presence of endothelial damage. However, a link between CVRFs and impaired mitochondrial function in EPCs has hardly been investigated. In this review, we aim to consolidate existing knowledge on the development of mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction in the vascular endothelium, place it in the context of recent studies investigating the consequences of CVRFs on EPCs, and discuss the role of mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, we aim to gain a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms involved in EPC deterioration in relation to CVRFs and address potential therapeutic interventions targeting mitochondrial health to promote endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Kulovic-Sissawo
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
- CNC-UC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana S Diniz
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
- CNC-UC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisa Weiss
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Steiner
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Silvija Tokic
- Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC-UC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
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5
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Li J, Dong X, Liu JY, Gao L, Zhang WW, Huang YC, Wang Y, Wang H, Wei W, Xu DX. FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy triggered by mitochondrial ROS is partially involved in 1-nitropyrene-evoked placental progesterone synthesis inhibition and intrauterine growth retardation in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168383. [PMID: 37951264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Previous studies showed that 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), an atmospheric pollutant, induces placental dysfunction and IUGR, but the exact mechanisms remain uncertain. In this research, we aimed to explore the role of mitophagy on 1-NP-evoked placental progesterone (P4) synthesis inhibition and IUGR in a mouse model. As expected, P4 levels were decreased in 1-NP-exposed mouse placentas and maternal sera. Progesterone synthases, CYP11A1 and 3βHSD1, were correspondingly declined in 1-NP-exposed mouse placentas and JEG-3 cells. Mitophagy, as determined by LC3B-II elevation and TOM20 reduction, was evoked in 1-NP-exposed JEG-3 cells. Mdivi-1, a specific mitophagy inhibitor, relieved 1-NP-evoked downregulation of progesterone synthases in JEG-3 cells. Additional experiments showed that ULK1/FUNDC1 signaling was activated in 1-NP-exposed JEG-3 cells. ULK1 inhibitor or FUNDC1-targeted siRNA blocked 1-NP-induced mitophagy and progesterone synthase downregulation in JEG-3 cells. Further analysis found that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased and GCN2 was activated in 1-NP-exposed JEG-3 cells. GCN2iB, a selective GCN2 inhibitor, and MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, attenuated GCN2 activation, FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy, and downregulation of progesterone synthases in JEG-3 cells. In vivo, gestational MitoQ supplement alleviated 1-NP-evoked reduction of placental P4 synthesis and IUGR. These results suggest that FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy triggered by mitochondrial ROS may contribute partially to 1-NP-induced placental P4 synthesis inhibition and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory & Immune Medicine, Education Ministry of China, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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6
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Opichka MA, Livergood MC, Balapattabi K, Ritter ML, Brozoski DT, Wackman KK, Lu KT, Kozak KN, Wells C, Fogo AB, Gibson-Corley KN, Kwitek AE, Sigmund CD, McIntosh JJ, Grobe JL. Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant attenuates preeclampsia-like phenotypes induced by syncytiotrophoblast-specific Gαq signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8118. [PMID: 38039359 PMCID: PMC10691776 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Syncytiotrophoblast stress is theorized to drive development of preeclampsia, but its molecular causes and consequences remain largely undefined. Multiple hormones implicated in preeclampsia signal via the Gαq cascade, leading to the hypothesis that excess Gαq signaling within the syncytiotrophoblast may contribute. First, we present data supporting increased Gαq signaling and antioxidant responses within villous and syncytiotrophoblast samples of human preeclamptic placenta. Second, Gαq was activated in mouse placenta using Cre-lox and DREADD methodologies. Syncytiotrophoblast-restricted Gαq activation caused hypertension, kidney damage, proteinuria, elevated circulating proinflammatory factors, decreased placental vascularization, diminished spiral artery diameter, and augmented responses to mitochondrial-derived superoxide. Administration of the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant Mitoquinone attenuated maternal proteinuria, lowered circulating inflammatory and anti-angiogenic mediators, and maintained placental vascularization. These data demonstrate a causal relationship between syncytiotrophoblast stress and the development of preeclampsia and identify elevated Gαq signaling and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as a cause of this stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Opichka
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelsey K. Wackman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Kaleigh N. Kozak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Clive Wells
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Anne E. Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Jennifer J. McIntosh
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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7
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Diniz MS, Magalhães CC, Tocantins C, Grilo LF, Teixeira J, Pereira SP. Nurturing through Nutrition: Exploring the Role of Antioxidants in Maternal Diet during Pregnancy to Mitigate Developmental Programming of Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4623. [PMID: 37960276 PMCID: PMC10649237 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases represent one of the major causes of death worldwide. It has been suggested that pregnancy-related conditions, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal obesity (MO), and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) induce an adverse intrauterine environment, increasing the offspring's predisposition to chronic diseases later in life. Research has suggested that mitochondrial function and oxidative stress may play a role in the developmental programming of chronic diseases. Having this in mind, in this review, we include evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are mechanisms by which GDM, MO, and IUGR program the offspring to chronic diseases. In this specific context, we explore the promising advantages of maternal antioxidant supplementation using compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Mitoquinone (MitoQ) in addressing the metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress associated with GDM, MO, and IUGR in fetoplacental and offspring metabolic health. This approach holds potential to mitigate developmental programming-related risk of chronic diseases, serving as a probable intervention for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Diniz
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carina C. Magalhães
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Grilo
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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8
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Li A, Zhao M, Yang Z, Fang Z, Qi W, Zhang C, Zhou M, Guo J, Li S, Wang X, Zhang M. 6-Gingerol alleviates placental injury in preeclampsia by inhibiting oxidative stress via BNIP3/LC3 signaling-mediated trophoblast mitophagy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243734. [PMID: 37900164 PMCID: PMC10611501 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Preeclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis of trophoblast cells induced by oxidative stress is a principal reason of placental injury in PE. 6-Gingerol, an antioxidant from ginger, plays an important role in many disease models, but its effect on obstetric diseases has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of 6-gingerol against placental injury. Methods: In vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of HTR8/Svneo cells and preeclamptic mice model were established to simulate PE. The effects of 6-Gingerol on PE were evaluated by morphological detection, biochemical analysis, and Western blot. Results: We found that H/R treatment induced cell apoptosis, increased the production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase, and decreased superoxide dismutase in trophoblast. In addition, the polarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and the cellular calcium flux were also destroyed under H/R condition, which also activated BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and provoked excessive mitophagy. Importantly, 6-Gingerol reversed these corrosive effects. Furthermore, the placenta damage in PE-like mouse caused by the cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitophagy was mitigated by 6-Gingerol. Conclusion: These findings suggest that 6-Gingerol exerts a protective effect against placental injury in PE by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting excessive mitophagy caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Zexin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiyi Qi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
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9
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Pan M, Zhou J, Wang J, Cao W, Li L, Wang L. The role of placental aging in adverse pregnancy outcomes: A mitochondrial perspective. Life Sci 2023; 329:121924. [PMID: 37429418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Premature placental aging is associated with placental insufficiency, which reduces the functional capacity of the placenta, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placental mitochondria are vital organelles that provide energy and play essential roles in placental development and functional maintenance. In response to oxidative stress, damage, and senescence, an adaptive response is induced to selectively remove mitochondria through the mitochondrial equivalent of autophagy. However, adaptation can be disrupted when mitochondrial abnormalities or dysfunctions persist. This review focuses on the adaptation and transformation of mitochondria during pregnancy. These changes modify placental function throughout pregnancy and can cause complications. We discuss the relationship between placental aging and adverse pregnancy outcomes from the perspective of mitochondria and potential approaches to improve abnormal pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Pan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhoushan Women and Children Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Long J, Huang Y, Wang G, Tang Z, Shan Y, Shen S, Ni X. Mitochondrial ROS Accumulation Contributes to Maternal Hypertension and Impaired Remodeling of Spiral Artery but Not IUGR in a Rat PE Model Caused by Maternal Glucocorticoid Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050987. [PMID: 37237853 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased maternal glucocorticoid levels have been implicated as a risk factor for preeclampsia (PE) development. We found that pregnant rats exposed to dexamethasone (DEX) showed hallmarks of PE features, impaired spiral artery (SA) remodeling, and elevated circulatory levels of sFlt1, sEng IL-1β, and TNFα. Abnormal mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial dysfunction in placentas occurred in DEX rats. Omics showed that a large spectrum of placental signaling pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), energy metabolism, inflammation, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system were affected in DEX rats. MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, alleviated maternal hypertension and renal damage, and improved SA remodeling, uteroplacental blood flow, and the placental vasculature network. It reversed several pathways, including OXPHOS and glutathione pathways. Moreover, DEX-induced impaired functions of human extravillous trophoblasts were associated with excess ROS caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. However, scavenging excess ROS did not improve intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and elevated circulatory sFlt1, sEng, IL-1β, and TNFα levels in DEX rats. Our data indicate that excess mitochondrial ROS contributes to trophoblast dysfunction, impaired SA remodeling, reduced uteroplacental blood flow, and maternal hypertension in the DEX-induced PE model, while increased sFlt1 and sEng levels and IUGR might be associated with inflammation and an impaired energy metabolism and IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Long
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengshan Tang
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yali Shan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shiping Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xin Ni
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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11
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Melatonin Supplementation during the Late Gestational Stage Enhances Reproductive Performance of Sows by Regulating Fluid Shear Stress and Improving Placental Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030688. [PMID: 36978937 PMCID: PMC10045541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of daily melatonin supplementation (2 mg/kg) at the late gestational stage on the reproductive performance of the sows have been investigated. This treatment potentially increased the litter size and birth survival rate and significantly increased the birth weight as well as the weaning weight and survival rate of piglets compared to the controls. The mechanistic studies have found that these beneficial effects of melatonin are not mediated by the alterations of reproductive hormones of estrogen and progesterone, nor did the glucose and lipid metabolisms, but they were the results of the reduced oxidative stress in placenta associated with melatonin supplementation. Indeed, the melatonergic system, including mRNAs and proteins of AANAT, MTNR1A and MTNR1B, has been identified in the placenta of the sows. The RNA sequencing of placental tissue and KEGG analysis showed that melatonin activated the placental tissue fluid shear stress pathway to stimulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which upregulated its several downstream antioxidant genes, including MGST1, GSTM3 and GSTA4, therefore, suppressing the placental oxidative stress. All these actions may be mediated by the melatonin receptor of MTNR1B.
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12
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Vatish M, Powys VR, Cerdeira AS. Novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for preeclampsia. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:124-133. [PMID: 36683536 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will summarize recent findings relating to the diagnostic approach to preeclampsia and current avenues of research aimed at modifying the underlying disease process. RECENT FINDINGS Growing international consensus supports a broad preeclampsia definition that incorporates maternal end-organ and uteroplacental dysfunction. Recent evidence demonstrates that this definition better identifies women and babies at risk of adverse outcomes compared to the traditional definition of hypertension and proteinuria. Multiple studies have demonstrated the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of angiogenic biomarkers such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and placental growth factor as a clinical adjunct to diagnose and predict severity of preeclampsia associated outcomes. Current novel therapeutic approaches to preeclampsia target pathogenic pathways (e.g. antiangiogenesis) or downstream effects such as oxidative stress and nitric oxide. Recent findings relating to these promising candidates are discussed. Multicenter clinical trials are needed to evaluate their effectiveness and ability to improve fetal and maternal outcomes. SUMMARY We provide an updated framework of the current approaches to define and diagnose preeclampsia. Disease modifying therapies (in particular, targeting the angiogenic pathway) are being developed for the first time and promise to revolutionize the way we manage preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's Health and Reproductive Research, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | | | - Ana Sofia Cerdeira
- Nuffield Department of Women's Health and Reproductive Research, University of Oxford, Oxford
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13
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Placental Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044177. [PMID: 36835587 PMCID: PMC9963167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a vital organ of pregnancy, regulating adaptation to pregnancy, gestational parent/fetal exchange, and ultimately, fetal development and growth. Not surprisingly, in cases of placental dysfunction-where aspects of placental development or function become compromised-adverse pregnancy outcomes can result. One common placenta-mediated disorder of pregnancy is preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with a highly heterogeneous clinical presentation. The wide array of clinical characteristics observed in pregnant individuals and neonates of a PE pregnancy are likely the result of distinct forms of placental pathology underlying the PE diagnosis, explaining why no one common intervention has proven effective in the prevention or treatment of PE. The historical paradigm of placental pathology in PE highlights an important role for utero-placental malperfusion, placental hypoxia and oxidative stress, and a critical role for placental mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. In the current review, the evidence of placental mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of PE will be summarized, highlighting how altered mitochondrial function may be a common feature across distinct PE subtypes. Further, advances in this field of study and therapeutic targeting of mitochondria as a promising intervention for PE will be discussed.
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14
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Liu Z, He J, Jin P, Ran Y, Yin N, Qi H. CCL21/CCR7 Axis Contributes to Trophoblastic Cell Migration and Invasion in Preeclampsia by Affecting the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition via the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020150. [PMID: 36829431 PMCID: PMC9952405 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disorder that is a leading cause of maternal death. The failure of spiral artery remodeling due to insufficient trophoblast migration and invasion is critical in the pathogenesis of PE. Recently, the CC motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) has been widely linked to cancer cell invasion and migration. However, their potential mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we found that CCL21 expression was significantly lower in the PE group than that in the control group. In vitro experiments revealed that recombinant CCL21 could promote trophoblast cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and improve migration and invasion. Furthermore, an inhibitor of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibited the CCL21-induced EMT process. Finally, a PE mouse model was established using the NOS inhibitor L-NAME, and we obtained similar results, with downregulated CCL21 and EMT biomarkers and upregulated CCR7. Taken together, these findings suggest that the CCL21/CCR7 axis influences EMT by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, thereby affecting trophoblast cell migration and invasion, which may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pingsong Jin
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxin Ran
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Nanlin Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (H.Q.)
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (H.Q.)
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15
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Oxidative Regulation of Vascular Ca v1.2 Channels Triggers Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122432. [PMID: 36552639 PMCID: PMC9774363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) channel in small arteries and arterioles plays an essential role in regulating Ca2+ influx, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, diabetes has a high prevalence of hypertension. The etiology of these disorders remains elusive, involving the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Common to these disorders are oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria are primary sources of vascular oxidative stress, whereas dysfunction of the Cav1.2 channel confers increased vascular resistance in hypertension. This review will discuss the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating vascular Cav1.2 and potential roles of ROS-mediated Cav1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
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16
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Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Vilotić A, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Jovanović Krivokuća M, Giampieri F, Battino M, Dekanski D. The Role of Dietary Polyphenols in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Related Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245246. [PMID: 36558404 PMCID: PMC9782043 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of phytochemicals with extensive biological functions and health-promoting potential. These compounds are present in most foods of plant origin and their increased widespread availability through the intake of nutritional supplements, fortified foods, and beverages, has also led to increased exposure throughout gestation. In this narrative review, we focus on the role of polyphenols in both healthy and pathological pregnancy. General information related to their classification and function is followed by an overview of their known effects in early-pregnancy events, including the current insights into molecular mechanisms involved. Further, we provide an overview of their involvement in some of the most common pregnancy-associated pathological conditions, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Additionally, we also discuss the estimated possible risk of polyphenol consumption on pregnancy outcomes. The consumption of dietary polyphenols during pregnancy needs particular attention considering the possible effects of polyphenols on the mechanisms involved in maternal adaptation and fetal development. Further studies are strongly needed to unravel the in vivo effects of polyphenol metabolites during pregnancy, as well as their role on advanced maternal age, prenatal nutrition, and metabolic risk of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Pirković
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Vilotić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Žanka Bojić-Trbojević
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Jovanović Krivokuća
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Dragana Dekanski
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Sun D, Zhu X, Ying X, Yao Y, Fei W, Zheng C. Emerging pharmacologic interventions for pre-eclampsia treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:739-759. [PMID: 36223503 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2134779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication and a major global concern for the mortality of both mother and fetus. Existing symptomatic treatments do not delay disease progression; thus, timely delivery of the baby is the most effective measure. However, the risk of various maternal and fetal injuries remains. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the potential strategies for pharmacologic interventions in pre-eclamptic therapy. Specifically, we discuss the pathophysiological process of various effective candidate therapeutics that act on potential pathways and molecular targets to inhibit key stages of the disease. We refer to this pathogenesis-focused drug discovery model as a pathogenesis-target-drug (P-T-D) strategy. Finally, we discuss the introduction of nanotechnologies to improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutics via their specific placental targeting ability and placental retention effects. EXPERT OPINION Despite the active development of novel pharmacological treatments based on our current knowledge of pre-eclamptic pathogenesis, investigations are still in the early phase. Thus, further exploration of the pathological mechanisms, integrated with the P-T-D strategy and novel nanosystems, could encourage the development of more effective and safer strategies. Such advances could lead to a shift from expectant management to mechanistic-based therapy for pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xia Ying
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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18
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MitoQ demonstrates connexin- and p53-mediated cancer chemoprevention in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis rodent model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 453:116211. [PMID: 36037915 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is an approach that offers huge potential for preventing/retarding carcinogenesis. MitoQ is well-known and extensively studied mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for its applications in diseases linked with oxidative stress. In the present study chemopreventive potential of mitoQ was studied with a focus on the role of gap-junctions and p53 at an advanced stage of HCC. BALB/c mice model of hepatocarcinogenesis was established using N-nitrosodiethylamine as a carcinogen (200 mg/kg b. w., cumulative dose, intraperitoneally). The chemopreventive effect of mitoQ was studied by pre-protecting animals with mitoQ (0.125 mg/kg b. w., orally once a week) till the termination of the study. The tumors developed in the course of the study were histopathologically analyzed and statistically evaluated. The mechanistic role of mitoQ was investigated in terms of mitochondrial oxidative stress, expression of 8-OHdG, Cx26, Cx32, p53 and status of gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in tumors. Chemopreventive activity of mitoQ was evident from improved survival of animals, significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower tumor multiplicity, tumor incidence and a total number of tumors. MitoQ treatment significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress as indicated by reduced mtROS and mtLPO. Increased staining intensity of 8-OHdG and internalization of Cx26, Cx32 which was observed in hepatic tumors was reduced upon mitoQ treatment. Furthermore, the expression of Cx26, Cx32 and p53 was significantly increased along with improvement in GJIC in mitoQ treatment group. MitoQ demonstrated its chemopreventive potential probably by regulating mtROS, connexins and p53 in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Mitochondria Targeted Antioxidant Significantly Alleviates Preeclampsia Caused by 11β-HSD2 Dysfunction via OPA1 and MtDNA Maintenance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081505. [PMID: 36009224 PMCID: PMC9404992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) dysfunction contributes to PE pathogenesis. We sought to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying 11β-HSD2 dysfunction-induced PE and to seek potential therapeutic targets using a 11β-HSD2 dysfunction-induced PE-like rat model as well as cultured extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) since PE begins with impaired function of EVTs. In 11β-HSD2 dysfunction-induced PE-like rat model, we revealed that placental mitochondrial dysfunction occurred, which was associated with mitDNA instability and impaired mitochondrial dynamics, such as decreased optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) expression. MitoTEMPO treatment significantly alleviated the hallmark of PE-like features and improved mitDNA stability and mitochondrial dynamics in the placentas of rat PE-like model. In cultured human EVTs, we found that 11β-HSD2 dysfunction led to mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupted mtDNA stability. MitoTEMPO treatment improved impaired invasion and migration induced by 11β-HSD2 dysfunction in cultured EVTs. Further, we revealed that OPA1 was one of the key factors that mediated 11β-HSD2 dysfunction-induced excess ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA reduction. Our data indicates that 11β-HSD2 dysfunction causes mitochondrial dysfunctions, which impairs trophoblast function and subsequently results in PE development. Our study immediately highlights that excess ROS is a potential therapeutic target for PE.
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Reactive Oxygen Species are Essential for Placental Angiogenesis During Early Gestation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4290922. [PMID: 35693704 PMCID: PMC9177322 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4290922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with insufficient placental perfusion attributed to maldevelopment of the placental vasculature. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in angiogenesis, but their regulatory effects and mechanisms in placental vascular development remain unclear. Methods Placental oxidative stress was determined throughout gestation by measuring 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant MitoQ was administered to pregnant mice from GDs 7.5 to 11.5; placental morphology and angiogenesis pathways were examined on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Moreover, we established a mouse mFlt-1-induced PE model and assessed blood pressure, urine protein levels, and placental vascular development on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with various H2O2 concentrations to evaluate cell viability, intracellular ROS levels, and tube formation capability. MitoQ, an AKT inhibitor and an ERK1/2 inhibitor were applied to validate the ROS-mediated mechanism regulating placental angiogenesis. Results First-trimester placentas presented significantly higher MDA and 4HNE levels. MitoQ significantly reduced the blood vessel density and angiogenesis pathway activity in the placenta on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Serum sFlt-1 levels were elevated, and we observed poor placental angiogenesis and PE-like symptoms in cases with mFlt-1 overexpression. Moderate H2O2 treatment promoted HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis, whereas these improvements were abolished by MitoQ, AKT inhibitor, or ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment. Conclusions Moderate ROS levels are essential for placental angiogenesis; diminishing ROS with potent antioxidants during placentation decreases placental angiogenesis and increases PE risk. Therefore, antioxidant therapy should be considered carefully for normal pregnant women during early gestation.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Preeclampsia complicates 5-10% of all pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The placenta plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcome by supplying the fetus with oxygen and nutrients and by synthesizing hormones. Placental function is highly dependent on energy supplied by mitochondria. It is well-known that preeclampsia is originated from placental dysfunction, although the etiology of it remains elusive. RECENT FINDINGS During the last three decades, substantial evidence suggests that mitochondrial abnormality is a major contributor to placental dysfunction. In addition, mitochondrial damage caused by circulating bioactive factors released from the placenta may cause endothelial dysfunction and subsequent elevation in maternal blood pressure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of mitochondrial abnormality in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and discuss therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria for treatment of preeclampsia.
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22
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Di Fabrizio C, Giorgione V, Khalil A, Murdoch CE. Antioxidants in Pregnancy: Do We Really Need More Trials? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:812. [PMID: 35624676 PMCID: PMC9137466 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pregnancy can be affected by numerous pathologies, from those which are mild and reversible to others which are life-threatening. Among these, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with subsequent consequences stand out. Health problems experienced by women during pregnancy and postpartum are associated with significant costs to health systems worldwide and contribute largely to maternal mortality and morbidity. Major risk factors for mothers include obesity, advanced maternal age, cardiovascular dysfunction, and endothelial damage; in these scenarios, oxidative stress plays a major role. Markers of oxidative stress can be measured in patients with preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus, even before their clinical onset. In consequence, antioxidant supplements have been proposed as a possible therapy; however, results derived from large scale randomised clinical trials have been disappointing as no positive effects were demonstrated. This review focuses on the latest evidence on oxidative stress in pregnancy complications, their early diagnosis, and possible therapies to prevent or treat these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Di Fabrizio
- Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK; (C.D.F.); (V.G.); (A.K.)
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Veronica Giorgione
- Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK; (C.D.F.); (V.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Asma Khalil
- Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK; (C.D.F.); (V.G.); (A.K.)
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Colin E. Murdoch
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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Peng X, Hou R, Yang Y, Luo Z, Cao Y. Current Studies of Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Preeclampsia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:836111. [PMID: 35295266 PMCID: PMC8920482 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.836111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular energy powerhouses that play important roles in regulating cellular processes. Mitochondrial quality control (mQC), including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion and fission, maintains physiological demand and adapts to changed conditions. mQC has been widely investigated in neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and cancer because of the high demand for ATP in these diseases. Although placental implantation and fetal growth similarly require a large amount of energy, the investigation of mQC in placental-originated preeclampsia (PE) is limited. We elucidate mitochondrial morphology and function in different pregnancy stages, outline the role of mQC in cellular homeostasis and PE and summarize the current findings of mQC-related PE studies. This review also provides suggestions on the future investigation of mQC in PE, which will lead to the development of new prevention and therapy strategies for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruirui Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Zhigang Luo
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yunxia Cao
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Tong S, Kaitu’u-Lino TJ, Hastie R, Brownfoot F, Cluver C, Hannan N. Pravastatin, proton-pump inhibitors, metformin, micronutrients, and biologics: new horizons for the prevention or treatment of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S1157-S1170. [PMID: 32946849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing research momentum to identify new therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of preeclampsia, drugs that can affect the underlying disease pathophysiology. Molecular targets of candidate treatments include oxidative stress, antiangiogenic factors, and the angiotensin, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory pathways. The proposed treatments undergoing preclinical and clinical trial evaluation are thought to act on placental or endothelial disease or both. Most have adopted the pragmatic strategy of repurposing drugs. Of all the therapeutic agents proposed, pravastatin has received the most interest. There are preclinical studies showing that it has pleiotropic actions that favorably impact on multiple molecular targets and can resolve a preeclampsia phenotype in many animal models. An early phase clinical trial suggests that it may have therapeutic activity. Several large prevention trials are planned or ongoing and, when completed, could definitively address whether pravastatin can prevent preeclampsia. Proton-pump inhibitors, metformin, and sulfasalazine are other drugs with preclinical evidence of multiple molecular actions that could resolve the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. These agents are also currently being evaluated in clinical trials. There have been many recent preclinical studies identifying the potential of numerous natural compounds to treat preeclampsia, such as plant extracts and micronutrients that have potent anti-inflammatory or antioxidant activity. Recent preclinical studies have also proposed novel molecular-targeted strategies, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha, placental growth factor, and short interfering RNA technology, to silence the gene expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 or angiotensinogen. Other treatment approaches that have transitioned to human trials (ranging from single-arm to phase III trials that have been completed or are ongoing) include folic acid, nitric oxide donors (such as L-arginine), recombinant antithrombin III, digoxin immune antigen-binding fragment, and melatonin. There have been case series showing the removal of circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 may help stabilize the disease and prolong pregnancy. Interestingly, there are case reports suggesting that monoclonal antibody eculizumab (complement inhibitor) may have therapeutic potential. If new agents are discovered that are proven to be effective in preventing or treating preeclampsia, the potential to improve global maternal and perinatal health will be significant.
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25
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Is Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress a Viable Therapeutic Target in Preeclampsia? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020210. [PMID: 35204094 PMCID: PMC8868187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable research efforts over the past few decades, the pathology of preeclampsia (PE) remains poorly understood with no new FDA-approved treatments. There is a substantial amount of work being conducted by investigators around the world to identify targets to develop therapies for PE. Oxidative stress has been identified as one of the crucial players in pathogenesis of PE and has garnered a great deal of attention by several research groups including ours. While antioxidants have shown therapeutic benefit in preclinical models of PE, the clinical trials evaluating antioxidants (vitamin E and vitamin C) were found to be disappointing. Although the idea behind contribution of mitochondrial oxidative stress in PE is not new, recent years have seen an enormous interest in exploring mitochondrial oxidative stress as an important pathological mediator in PE. We and others using animals, cell models, and preeclamptic patient samples have shown the evidence for placental, renal, and endothelial cell mitochondrial oxidative stress, and its significance in PE. These studies offer promising results; however, the important and relevant question is can we translate these results into clinical efficacy in treating PE. Hence, the purpose of this review is to review the existing literature and offer our insights on the potential of mitochondrial antioxidants in treating PE.
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26
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Amelio GS, Provitera L, Raffaeli G, Tripodi M, Amodeo I, Gulden S, Cortesi V, Manzoni F, Cervellini G, Tomaselli A, Pravatà V, Garrido F, Villamor E, Mosca F, Cavallaro G. Endothelial dysfunction in preterm infants: The hidden legacy of uteroplacental pathologies. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1041919. [PMID: 36405831 PMCID: PMC9671930 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1041919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of infants are born prematurely every year worldwide. Prematurity, particularly at lower gestational ages, is associated with high mortality and morbidity and is a significant global health burden. Pregnancy complications and preterm birth syndrome strongly impact neonatal clinical phenotypes and outcomes. The vascular endothelium is a pivotal regulator of fetal growth and development. In recent years, the key role of uteroplacental pathologies impairing endothelial homeostasis is emerging. Conditions leading to very and extremely preterm birth can be classified into two main pathophysiological patterns or endotypes: infection/inflammation and dysfunctional placentation. The first is frequently related to chorioamnionitis, whereas the second is commonly associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction. The nature, timing, and extent of prenatal noxa may alter fetal and neonatal endothelial phenotype and functions. Changes in the luminal surface, oxidative stress, growth factors imbalance, and dysregulation of permeability and vascular tone are the leading causes of endothelial dysfunction in preterm infants. However, the available evidence regarding endothelial physiology and damage is limited in neonates compared to adults. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge on endothelial dysfunction in the infectious/inflammatory and dysfunctional placentation endotypes of prematurity, summarizing their molecular features, available biomarkers, and clinical impact. Furthermore, knowledge gaps, shadows, and future research perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Simeone Amelio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Provitera
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Raffaeli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tripodi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Amodeo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gulden
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cortesi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Manzoni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Cervellini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tomaselli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Pravatà
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Felipe Garrido
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cavallaro
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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27
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Liao J, Zheng Y, Hu M, Xu P, Lin L, Liu X, Wu Y, Huang B, Ye X, Li S, Duan R, Fu H, Huang J, Wen L, Fu Y, Kilby MD, Kenny LC, Baker PN, Qi H, Tong C. Impaired Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Synthesis Induces Preeclampsia by Deactivating Trophoblastic YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) Through S1PR2 (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2)-Induced Actin Polymerizations. Hypertension 2021; 79:399-412. [PMID: 34865521 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete spiral artery remodeling, caused by impaired extravillous trophoblast invasion, is a fundamental pathogenic process associated with malplacentation and the development of preeclampsia. Nevertheless, the mechanisms controlling this regulation of trophoblast invasion are largely unknown. We report that sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis and expression is abundant in healthy trophoblast, whereas in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia the placentae are associated with reduced sphingosine-1-phosphate and lower SPHK1 (sphingosine kinase 1) expression and activity. In vivo inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1 activity during placentation in pregnant mice led to decreased placental sphingosine-1-phosphate production and defective placentation, resulting in a preeclampsia phenotype. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate increased HTR8/SVneo (immortalized trophoblast cells) cell invasion in a Hippo-signaling-dependent transcriptional coactivator YAP (Yes-associated protein) dependent manner, which is activated by S1PR2 (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2) and downstream RhoA/ROCK induced actin polymerization. Mutation-based YAP-5SA demonstrated that sphingosine-1-phosphate activation of YAP could be either dependent or independent of Hippo signaling. Together, these findings suggest a novel pathogenic pathway of preeclampsia via disrupted sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism and signaling-induced, interrupted actin dynamics and YAP deactivation; this may lead to potential novel intervention targets for the prevention and management of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiang Liao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Yangxi Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston (Y.Z.).,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Xiyao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Xuan Ye
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Huijia Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham and the Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (M.D.K.)
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (L.C.K.)
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.N.B.)
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Chongqing Women and Children's Health Center, China (H.Q.)
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.Z., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,Ministry of Education-International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.).,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, China (J.L., M.H., P.X., L.L., X.L., Y.W., B.H., X.Y., S.L., R.D., H.F., J.H., L.W., Y.F., H.Q., C.T.)
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Effect of Endogenic and Exogenic Oxidative Stress Triggers on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810122. [PMID: 34576285 PMCID: PMC8468091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify them. During a normal pregnancy, oxidative stress increases the normal systemic inflammatory response and is usually well-controlled by the balanced body mechanism of the detoxification of anti-oxidative products. However, pregnancy is also a condition in which this adaptation and balance can be easily disrupted. Excessive ROS is detrimental and associated with many pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB), by damaging placentation. The placenta is a tissue rich in mitochondria that produces the majority of ROS, so it is important to maintain normal placental function and properly develop its vascular network to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. Antioxidants may ameliorate these diseases, and related research is progressing. This review aimed to determine the association between oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially PE, FGR, GDM, and PTB, and explore how to overcome this oxidative stress in these unfavorable conditions.
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He J, Chen M, Xu J, Fang J, Liu Z, Qi H. Identification and characterization of Piwi-interacting RNAs in human placentas of preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15766. [PMID: 34344990 PMCID: PMC8333249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common disease of pregnancy that poses a serious threat to the safety of pregnant women and the fetus; however, the etiology of preeclampsia is inconclusive. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs that are present at high levels in germ cells and are associated with spermatogenesis. Emerging evidence demonstrated that piRNA is expressed in a variety of human tissues and is closely associated with tumorigenesis. However, changes in the piRNA expression profile in the placenta have not been investigated. In this study, we used small RNA sequencing to evaluate the differences in piRNA expression profiles between preeclampsia and control patients and potential functions. Differential expression analysis found 41 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated piRNAs in preeclamptic samples. In addition, the functional enrichment analysis of piRNAs target genes indicated that they were related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and tissue-specific. Finally, we examined the expression pattern of the PIWL family proteins in the placenta, and PIWL3 and PIWIL4 were the primary subtypes in the human placenta. In summary, this study first summarized the changes in the expression pattern of piRNA in preeclampsia and provided new clues for the regulatory role of piRNA in the human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No. 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Hypoxia and the integrated stress response promote pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia: Implications in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2754-2773. [PMID: 34302972 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is a common cause of pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases are not completely understood. Chronic hypoxia may induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria, promote endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and result in the integrated stress response (ISR) in the pulmonary artery and uteroplacental tissues. Numerous studies have implicated hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), oxidative stress, and ER stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) in the development of pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia and IUGR. This review highlights the roles of HIFs, mitochondria-derived ROS and UPR, as well as their interplay, in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia, and their implications in drug development.
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Qiu W, Zhou Y, Wu H, Lv X, Yang L, Ren Z, Tian H, Yu Q, Li J, Lin W, Zhao L, Luo S, Gao J. RNA Demethylase FTO Mediated RNA m 6A Modification Is Involved in Maintaining Maternal-Fetal Interface in Spontaneous Abortion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:617172. [PMID: 34350169 PMCID: PMC8326377 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.617172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification regulates the expression of genes associated with various biological and pathological processes, including spontaneous abortion (SA). The aim of this study was to determine the role of the m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity (FTO)- associated protein in SA. The FTO,IGF2BP1 and IGF2BP2 mRNA levels were significantly lower in the chorionic villi obtained from spontaneously aborted pregnancies compared to that of normal pregnancies, while the expression levels of METTL3 and WTAP were significantly elevated. However, ALKBH5, YTHDF2, and IGF2BP3 were elevated with no statistical significance between groups. In addition, MDA was elevated and SOD levels were decreased in the villi tissues of the SA group compared to the normal group, which was indicative of placental oxidative stress in the former. Furthermore, the expression of FTO and HLA-G were significantly decreased in the trophoblasts of the SA patients compared to that of normal pregnant women, while that of m6A was markedly higher in the former. In addition, the HLA-G and VEGFR mRNA levels were downregulated in the SA versus the control group, and that of MMP2, MMP7, MMP9 and VEGFA were upregulated. Finally, The RIP assay showed significantly decreased levels of FTO-bound HLA-G, VEGFR and MMP9 RNA in SA patients (P < 0.05), which corresponded to an increase in transcripts enriched with the m6A antibody (P < 0.05). However, compared with normal pregnant women, the levels of HLA-G, VEGFA, VEGFR, and MMP2 mRNA bound by YTHDF2 were significantly decreased in SA patients. Compared to the normal pregnant women, both FTO- and m6A-bound MMP7 were significantly increased in SA patients (P < 0.05), but YTHDF2 almost unbound to MMP7 mRNA. In summary, the downregulation of FTO in the chorionic villi disrupts immune tolerance and angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface, resulting in aberrant methylation and oxidative stress that eventually leads to SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexi Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiwang Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Lv
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilin Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - He Tian
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingying Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixian Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songping Luo
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Chen Z, Xiong L, Jin H, Yu J, Li X, Fu H, Wen L, Qi H, Tong C, Saffery R, Kilby MD, Baker PN. Advanced maternal age causes premature placental senescence and malformation via dysregulated α-Klotho expression in trophoblasts. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13417. [PMID: 34105233 PMCID: PMC8282245 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced maternal age (AMA) pregnancy is associated with higher risks of adverse perinatal outcomes, which may result from premature senescence of the placenta. α-Klotho is a well-known antiaging protein; however, its expression and effect on the placenta in AMA pregnancies have not yet been fully elucidated. The expression patterns of α-Klotho in mouse and human placentas from AMA pregnancies were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. α-Klotho expression in JAR cells was manipulated to investigate its role in trophoblastic senescence, and transwell assays were performed to assess trophoblast invasion. The downstream genes regulated by α-Klotho in JAR cells were first screened by mRNA sequencing in α-Klotho-knockdown and control JAR cells and then validated. α-Klotho-deficient mice were generated by injecting klotho-interfering adenovirus (Ad-Klotho) via the tail vein on GD8.5. Ablation of α-Klotho resulted in not only a senescent phenotype and loss of invasiveness in JAR cells but also a reduction in the transcription of cell adhesion molecule (CAM) genes. Overexpression of α-Klotho significantly improved invasion but did not alter the expression of senescence biomarkers. α-Klotho-deficient mice exhibited placental malformation and, consequently, lower placental and fetal weights. In conclusion, AMA results in reduced α-Klotho expression in placental trophoblasts, therefore leading to premature senescence and loss of invasion (possibly through the downregulation of CAMs), both of which ultimately result in placental malformation and adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liling Xiong
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huili Jin
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiaxiao Yu
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xin Li
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huijia Fu
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li Wen
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing MunicipalityChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Richard Saffery
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Cancer, Disease and Developmental epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mark D. Kilby
- Centre for Women's and Newborn HealthInstitute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Philip N. Baker
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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Sanchez-Aranguren L, Nadeem S. Bioenergetics adaptations and redox homeostasis in pregnancy and related disorders. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4003-4018. [PMID: 34196872 PMCID: PMC8473347 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a challenging physiological process that involves maternal adaptations to the increasing energetics demands imposed by the growing conceptus. Failure to adapt to these requirements may result in serious health complications for the mother and the baby. The mitochondria are biosynthetic and energy-producing organelles supporting the augmented energetic demands of pregnancy. Evidence suggests that placental mitochondria display a dynamic phenotype through gestation. At early stages of pregnancy placental mitochondria are mainly responsible for the generation of metabolic intermediates and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while at later stages of gestation, the placental mitochondria exhibit high rates of oxygen consumption. This review describes the metabolic fingerprint of the placental mitochondria at different stages of pregnancy and summarises key signs of mitochondrial dysfunction in pathological pregnancy conditions, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). So far, the effects of placental-driven metabolic changes governing the metabolic adaptations occurring in different maternal tissues in both, healthy and pathological pregnancies, remain to be uncovered. Understanding the function and molecular aspects of the adaptations occurring in placental and maternal tissue's mitochondria will unveil potential targets for further therapeutic exploration that could address pregnancy-related disorders. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism is an emerging approach for regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics. This review will also describe the potential therapeutic use of compounds with a recognised effect on mitochondria, for the management of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Nadeem
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Siragher E, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Placental hypoxia: What have we learnt from small animal models? Placenta 2021; 113:29-47. [PMID: 34074553 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine hypoxia is a feature of pregnancy complications, both at high altitude and sea level. To understand the placental response to reduced oxygen availability, small animal models of maternal inhalation hypoxia (MIH) or reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) may be utilised. The aim of this review was to compare the findings of those studies to identify the role of oxygen availability in adapting placental structural and functional phenotypes in relation to fetal outcome. It also sought to explore the evidence for the involvement of particular genes and protein signalling pathways in the placenta in mediating hypoxia driven alterations. The data available demonstrate that both MIH and RUPP can induce placental hypoxia, which affects placental structure and vascularity, as well as glucose, amino acid, calcium and possibly lipid transport capacity. In addition, changes have been observed in HIF, VEGF, insulin/IGF2, AMPK, mTOR, PI3K and PPARγ signalling, which may be key in linking together observed phenotypes under conditions of placental hypoxia. Many different manipulations have been examined, with varied outcomes depending on the intensity, timing and duration of the insult. Some manipulations have detrimental effects on placental phenotype, viability and fetal growth, whereas in others, the placenta appears to adapt to uphold fetal growth despite the challenge of low oxygen. Together these data suggest a complex response of the placenta to reduced oxygen availability, which links to changes in fetal outcomes. However, further work is required to explore the role of fetal sex, altered maternal physiology and placental molecular mechanisms to fully understand placental responses to hypoxia and their relevance for pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Siragher
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030405. [PMID: 33800426 PMCID: PMC7999178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common and severe stress to an organism's homeostatic mechanisms, and hypoxia during gestation is associated with significantly increased incidence of maternal complications of preeclampsia, adversely impacting on the fetal development and subsequent risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Human and animal studies have revealed a causative role of increased uterine vascular resistance and placental hypoxia in preeclampsia and fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) associated with gestational hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia has a major effect on mitochondria of uteroplacental cells to overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Excess mitochondrial ROS in turn cause uteroplacental dysfunction by damaging cellular macromolecules, which underlies the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and FGR. In this article, we review the current understanding of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS and their role in placental dysfunction and the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. In addition, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting mitochondrial ROS in the placental cells are discussed.
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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Wang H, Xu P, Luo X, Hu M, Liu Y, Yang Y, Peng W, Bai Y, Chen X, Tan B, Wu Y, Wen L, Gao R, Tong C, Qi H, Kilby MD, Saffery R, Baker PN. Phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein impairs trophoblast invasion and migration: implications for the pathogenesis of fetal growth restriction†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:866-879. [PMID: 32582940 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition in which a newborn fails to achieve his or her prospective hereditary growth potential. This condition is associated with high newborn mortality, second only to that associated with premature birth. FGR is associated with maternal, fetal, and placental abnormalities. Although the placenta is considered to be an important organ for supplying nutrition for fetal growth, research on FGR is limited, and treatment through the placenta remains challenging, as neither proper uterine intervention nor its pathogenesis have been fully elucidated. Yes-associated protein (YAP), as the effector of the Hippo pathway, is widely known to regulate organ growth and cancer development. Therefore, the correlation of the placenta and YAP was investigated to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of FGR. Placental samples from humans and mice were collected for histological and biomechanical analysis. After investigating the location and role of YAP in the placenta by immunohistochemistry, we observed that YAP and cytokeratin 7 have corresponding locations in human and mouse placentas. Moreover, phosphorylated YAP (p-YAP) was upregulated in FGR and gradually increased as gestational age increased during pregnancy. Cell function experiments and mRNA-Seq demonstrated impaired YAP activity mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition. Established FGR-like mice also recapitulated a number of the features of human FGR. The results of this study may help to elucidate the association of FGR development with YAP and provide an intrauterine target that may be helpful in alleviating placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yike Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehai Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufei Gao
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Centre for Women's and New Born Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer, Disease and Developmental Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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