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Faralli A, Fucà E, Lazzaro G, Menghini D, Vicari S, Costanzo F. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in neurogenetic syndromes: new treatment perspectives for Down syndrome? Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1328963. [PMID: 38456063 PMCID: PMC10917937 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1328963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This perspective review aims to explore the potential neurobiological mechanisms involved in the application of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Down syndrome (DS), the leading cause of genetically-based intellectual disability. The neural mechanisms underlying tDCS interventions in genetic disorders, typically characterized by cognitive deficits, are grounded in the concept of brain plasticity. We initially present the neurobiological and functional effects elicited by tDCS applications in enhancing neuroplasticity and in regulating the excitatory/inhibitory balance, both associated with cognitive improvement in the general population. The review begins with evidence on tDCS applications in five neurogenetic disorders, including Rett, Prader-Willi, Phelan-McDermid, and Neurofibromatosis 1 syndromes, as well as DS. Available evidence supports tDCS as a potential intervention tool and underscores the importance of advancing neurobiological research into the mechanisms of tDCS action in these conditions. We then discuss the potential of tDCS as a promising non-invasive strategy to mitigate deficits in plasticity and promote fine-tuning of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in DS, exploring implications for cognitive treatment perspectives in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Faralli
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzaro
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Deny Menghini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Life Sciences and Public Health Department, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Kippenhan JS, Gregory MD, Nash T, Kohn P, Mervis CB, Eisenberg DP, Garvey MH, Roe K, Morris CA, Kolachana B, Pani AM, Sorcher L, Berman KF. Dorsal visual stream and LIMK1: hemideletion, haplotype, and enduring effects in children with Williams syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:29. [PMID: 37633900 PMCID: PMC10464045 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Williams syndrome (WS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by hemizygous deletion of ~ 25 genes from chromosomal band 7q11.23, affords an exceptional opportunity to study associations between a well-delineated genetic abnormality and a well-characterized neurobehavioral profile. Clinically, WS is typified by increased social drive (often termed "hypersociability") and severe visuospatial construction deficits. Previous studies have linked visuospatial problems in WS with alterations in the dorsal visual processing stream. We investigated the impacts of hemideletion and haplotype variation of LIMK1, a gene hemideleted in WS and linked to neuronal maturation and migration, on the structure and function of the dorsal stream, specifically the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), a region known to be altered in adults with WS. METHODS We tested for IPS structural and functional changes using longitudinal MRI in a developing cohort of children with WS (76 visits from 33 participants, compared to 280 visits from 94 typically developing age- and sex-matched participants) over the age range of 5-22. We also performed MRI studies of 12 individuals with rare, shorter hemideletions at 7q11.23, all of which included LIMK1. Finally, we tested for effects of LIMK1 variation on IPS structure and imputed LIMK1 expression in two independent cohorts of healthy individuals from the general population. RESULTS IPS structural (p < 10-4 FDR corrected) and functional (p < .05 FDR corrected) anomalies previously reported in adults were confirmed in children with WS, and, consistent with an enduring genetic mechanism, were stable from early childhood into adulthood. In the short hemideletion cohort, IPS deficits similar to those in WS were found, although effect sizes were smaller than those found in WS for both structural and functional findings. Finally, in each of the two general population cohorts stratified by LIMK1 haplotype, IPS gray matter volume (pdiscovery < 0.05 SVC, preplication = 0.0015) and imputed LIMK1 expression (pdiscovery = 10-15, preplication = 10-23) varied according to LIMK1 haplotype. CONCLUSIONS This work offers insight into neurobiological and genetic mechanisms responsible for the WS phenotype and also more generally provides a striking example of the mechanisms by which genetic variation, acting by means of molecular effects on a neural intermediary, can influence human cognition and, in some cases, lead to neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shane Kippenhan
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Michael D Gregory
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tiffany Nash
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Philip Kohn
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carolyn B Mervis
- Neurodevelopmental Sciences Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Daniel P Eisenberg
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Madeline H Garvey
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Katherine Roe
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Colleen A Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kolachana
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ariel M Pani
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Leah Sorcher
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karen F Berman
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Cañete-Massé C, Carbó-Carreté M, Peró-Cebollero M, Cui SX, Yan CG, Guàrdia-Olmos J. Abnormal degree centrality and functional connectivity in Down syndrome: A resting-state fMRI study. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100341. [PMID: 36262644 PMCID: PMC9551068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Neuroimaging studies have shown brain abnormalities in Down syndrome (DS) but have not clarified the underlying mechanisms of dysfunction. Here, we investigated the degree centrality (DC) abnormalities found in the DS group compared with the control group, and we conducted seed-based functional connectivity (FC) with the significant clusters found in DC. Moreover, we used the significant clusters of DC and the seed-based FC to elucidate differences between brain networks in DS compared with controls. Method The sample comprised 18 persons with DS (M = 28.67, SD = 4.18) and 18 controls (M = 28.56, SD = 4.26). Both samples underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results DC analysis showed increased DC in the DS in temporal and right frontal lobe, as well as in the left caudate and rectus and decreased DC in the DS in regions of the left frontal lobe. Regarding seed-based FC, DS showed increased and decreased FC. Significant differences were also found between networks using Yeo parcellations, showing both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity between and within networks. Conclusions DC, seed-based FC and brain networks seem altered in DS, finding hypo- and hyperconnectivity depending on the areas. Network analysis revealed between- and within-network differences, and these abnormalities shown in DS could be related to the characteristics of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cañete-Massé
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author at: Campus de Mundet, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Carbó-Carreté
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shi-Xian Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China,International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Kasdan A, Gordon RL, Lense MD. Neurophysiological Correlates of Dynamic Beat Tracking in Individuals With Williams Syndrome. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1183-1191. [PMID: 33419711 PMCID: PMC8060366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hypersociability, heightened auditory sensitivities, attention deficits, and strong musical interests despite differences in musical skills. Behavioral studies have reported that individuals with WS exhibit variable beat and rhythm perception skills. METHODS We sought to investigate the neural basis of beat tracking in individuals with WS using electroencephalography. Twenty-seven adults with WS and 16 age-matched, typically developing control subjects passively listened to musical rhythms with accents on either the first or second tone of the repeating pattern, leading to distinct beat percepts. RESULTS Consistent with the role of beta and gamma oscillations in rhythm processing, individuals with WS and typically developing control subjects showed strong evoked neural activity in both the beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (31-55 Hz) frequency bands in response to beat onsets. This neural response was somewhat more distributed across the scalp for individuals with WS. Compared with typically developing control subjects, individuals with WS exhibited significantly greater amplitude of auditory evoked potentials (P1-N1-P2 complex) and modulations in evoked alpha (8-12 Hz) activity, reflective of sensory and attentional processes. Individuals with WS also exhibited markedly stable neural responses over the course of the experiment, and these responses were significantly more stable than those of control subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results provide neurophysiological evidence for dynamic beat tracking in WS and coincide with the atypical auditory phenotype and attentional difficulties seen in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kasdan
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Reyna L Gordon
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Miriam D Lense
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy, Nashville, Tennessee
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Bartesaghi R. Brain circuit pathology in Down syndrome: from neurons to neural networks. Rev Neurosci 2022; 34:365-423. [PMID: 36170842 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), a genetic pathology caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is characterized by brain hypotrophy and impairment of cognition starting from infancy. While studies in mouse models of DS have elucidated the major neuroanatomical and neurochemical defects of DS, comparatively fewer investigations have focused on the electrophysiology of the DS brain. Electrical activity is at the basis of brain functioning. Therefore, knowledge of the way in which brain circuits operate in DS is fundamental to understand the causes of behavioral impairment and devise targeted interventions. This review summarizes the state of the art regarding the electrical properties of the DS brain, starting from individual neurons and culminating in signal processing in whole neuronal networks. The reported evidence derives from mouse models of DS and from brain tissues and neurons derived from individuals with DS. EEG data recorded in individuals with DS are also provided as a key tool to understand the impact of brain circuit alterations on global brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Altered spontaneous brain activity in Down syndrome and its relation with cognitive outcome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15410. [PMID: 36104362 PMCID: PMC9474876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlthough Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of neurodevelopmental delay, few neuroimaging studies have explored this population. This investigation aimed to study whole-brain resting-state spontaneous brain activity using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) strategies to find differences in spontaneous brain activity among young people with DS and controls and to correlate these results with cognitive outcomes. The sample comprised 18 persons with DS (age mean = 28.67, standard deviation = 4.18) and 18 controls (age mean = 28.56, standard deviation = 4.26). fALFF and ReHo analyses were performed, and the results were correlated with other cognitive variables also collected (KBIT-2 and verbal fluency test). Increased activity was found in DS using fALFF in areas involving the frontal and temporal lobes and left cerebellum anterior lobe. Decreased activity in DS was found in the left parietal and occipital lobe, the left limbic lobe and the left cerebellum posterior lobe. ReHo analysis showed increased activity in certain DS areas of the left frontal lobe and left rectus, as well as the inferior temporal lobe. The areas with decreased activity in the DS participants were regions of the frontal lobe and the right limbic lobe. Altered fALFF and ReHo were found in the DS population, and this alteration could predict the cognitive abilities of the participants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore regional spontaneous brain activity in a population with DS. Moreover, this study suggests the possibility of using fALFF and ReHo as biomarkers of cognitive function, which is highly important given the difficulties in cognitively evaluating this population to assess dementia. More research is needed, however, to demonstrate its utility.
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Defrin R, Benromano T, Pick CG. Unique Pain Responses in Different Etiological Subgroups of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 127:417-430. [PMID: 36018766 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-127.5.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied whether there exist variations in pain responses between different intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) etiologies. Self-reports and facial expressions (Facial Action Coding System = FACS) were recorded during experimental pressure stimuli and compared among 31 individuals with IDD-13 with cerebral palsy (CP), nine with Down syndrome (DS), nine with unspecified origin (UIDD)-and among 15 typically developing controls (TDCs). The CP and DS groups had higher pain ratings and FACS scores compared to the UIDD and TDC groups, and steeper stimulus-response functions. The DS group exhibited the most diverse facial expressions. There were variations in the foci of facial expressions between groups. It appears that different IDD etiologies display distinct pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Defrin
- Ruth Defrin, Tali Benromano, and Chaim G. Pick, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Benromano
- Ruth Defrin, Tali Benromano, and Chaim G. Pick, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Ruth Defrin, Tali Benromano, and Chaim G. Pick, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Saini F, Dell’Acqua F, Strydom A. Structural Connectivity in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:908413. [PMID: 35937882 PMCID: PMC9354601 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.908413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) arises from the triplication of chromosome 21, which leads to an atypical neurodevelopment and the overproduction of the amyloid precursor protein, predisposing to early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Not surprisingly, trisomy 21 is widely considered a model to study predementia stages of AD. After decades, in which neural loss was the main focus, research in AD is now moving toward understanding the neurodegenerative aspects affecting white matter. Motivated by the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based diffusion techniques, this shift in focus has led to several exploratory studies on both young and older individuals with DS. In this review, we synthesise the initial efforts made by researchers in characterising in-vivo structural connectivity in DS, together with the AD footprint on top of such pre-existing connectivity related to atypical brain development. The white matter structures found to be affected in DS are the corpus callosum and all the main long-association fibres, namely the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus, the uncinate fasciculus and the cingulum bundle. Furthermore, the cingulum bundle and the corpus callosum appear to be particularly sensitive to early AD changes in this population. Findings are discussed in terms of their functional significance, alongside methodological considerations and implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedal Saini
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Flavio Dell’Acqua
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Strydom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Csumitta KD, Gotts SJ, Clasen LS, Martin A, Raitano Lee N. Youth with Down syndrome display widespread increased functional connectivity during rest. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9836. [PMID: 35701489 PMCID: PMC9198034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of resting-state functional connectivity in young people with Down syndrome (DS) have yielded conflicting results. Some studies have found increased connectivity while others have found a mix of increased and decreased connectivity. No studies have examined whole-brain connectivity at the voxel level in youth with DS during an eyes-open resting-state design. Additionally, no studies have examined the relationship between connectivity and network selectivity in youth with DS. Thus, the current study sought to fill this gap in the literature. Nineteen youth with DS (Mage = 16.5; range 7-23; 13 F) and 33 typically developing (TD) youth (Mage = 17.5; range 6-24; 18 F), matched on age and sex, completed a 5.25-min eyes-open resting-state fMRI scan. Whole-brain functional connectivity (average Pearson correlation of each voxel with every other voxel) was calculated for each individual and compared between groups. Network selectivity was then calculated and correlated with functional connectivity for the DS group. Results revealed that whole-brain functional connectivity was significantly higher in youth with DS compared to TD controls in widespread regions throughout the brain. Additionally, participants with DS had significantly reduced network selectivity compared to TD peers, and selectivity was significantly related to connectivity in all participants. Exploratory behavioral analyses revealed that regions showing increased connectivity in DS predicted Verbal IQ, suggesting differences in connectivity may be related to verbal abilities. These results indicate that network organization is disrupted in youth with DS such that disparate networks are overly connected and less selective, suggesting a potential target for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey D Csumitta
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liv S Clasen
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alex Martin
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Raitano Lee
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.
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Establishing the transdiagnostic contextual pathways of emotional outbursts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7414. [PMID: 35523842 PMCID: PMC9076826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional outbursts or temper outbursts are challenging behaviours commonly experienced by people with neurodevelopmental disorders and people who have experienced childhood adversity, which can negatively impact individuals and their families. Emotional outbursts may manifest in different situations via unique pathways distinguished by context-specific differences in the regulation and expression of emotions. Caregivers (N = 268) of young people (6-25 years) with emotional outbursts completed a bespoke caregiver-report questionnaire. Potential pathways were identified by examining the patterns of antecedents and setting events related to outbursts through factor and cluster analyses. Six contextual factors were derived from the Emotional Outburst Questionnaire. Based on these factors, the responses were classified into three clusters, which may represent potential pathways of emotional outbursts. The three clusters were characterized by the increased likelihood of outbursts: (1) across all setting events and triggers; (2) in safe setting events; (3) in unsafe setting events. These potential pathways may be related to: (1) differences in sensory processing; (2) masking of emotions in unsafe environments; (3) differences in safety perception. This framework supports a transdiagnostic account of emotional outbursts and may facilitate the development of pathway-specific intervention strategies.
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DiProspero ND, Keator DB, Phelan M, van Erp TGM, Doran E, Powell DK, Van Pelt KL, Schmitt FA, Head E, Lott IT, Yassa MA. Selective Impairment of Long-Range Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity as a Biomarker for Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease in People with Down Syndrome. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 85:153-165. [PMID: 34776436 PMCID: PMC9017677 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In neurotypical individuals, clinical AD is preceded by reduced resting state functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), but it is unknown whether changes in DMN connectivity predict clinical onset of AD in DS. OBJECTIVE Does lower DMN functional connectivity predict clinical onset of AD and cognitive decline in people with DS? METHODS Resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI), longitudinal neuropsychological, and clinical assessment data were collected on 15 nondemented people with DS (mean age = 51.66 years, SD = 5.34 years, range = 42-59 years) over four years, during which 4 transitioned to dementia. Amyloid-β (Aβ) PET data were acquired on 13 of the 15 participants. Resting state fMRI, neuropsychological, and clinical assessment data were also acquired on an independent, slightly younger unimpaired sample of 14 nondemented people with DS (mean age = 44.63 years, SD = 7.99 years, range = 38-61 years). RESULTS Lower functional connectivity between long-range but not short-range DMN regions predicts AD diagnosis and cognitive decline in people with DS. Aβ accumulation in the inferior parietal cortex is associated with lower regional DMN functional connectivity. CONCLUSION Reduction of long-range DMN connectivity is a potential biomarker for AD in people with DS that precedes and predicts clinical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D. DiProspero
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - David B. Keator
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Michael Phelan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868
| | - Eric Doran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868
| | - David K. Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Kathryn L. Van Pelt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Frederick A. Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ira T. Lott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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12
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A neurodevelopmental disorders perspective into music, social attention, and social bonding. Behav Brain Sci 2021; 44:e101. [PMID: 34588066 PMCID: PMC9087479 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x20001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Our commentary addresses how two neurodevelopmental disorders, Williams syndrome and autism spectrum disorder, provide novel insights into the credible signaling and music and social bonding hypotheses presented in the two target articles. We suggest that these neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by atypical social communication, allow us to test hypotheses about music, social bonding, and their underlying neurobiology.
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13
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Cañete-Massé C, Carbó-Carreté M, Peró-Cebollero M, Guàrdia-Olmos J. Task-Related Brain Connectivity Activation Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Intellectual Disability Population: A Meta-analytic Study. Brain Connect 2021; 11:788-798. [PMID: 33757302 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neuroimaging studies of intellectual disability (ID) have been published over the last three decades, but the findings are often inconsistent, and therefore, the neural correlates of ID remain elusive. This article aims to study the different publications in task-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and different ID populations to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis on this field. Methods: After duplicates were removed, only 10 studies matching our inclusion criteria were incorporated. Moreover, a quality assessment of the included studies was done. Qualitative results of the different articles were analyzed, separated by type of task and type of ID. Seed-based d mapping (SDM) software was used. Results: The right temporal gyrus was more activated in control subjects than in ID. Concretely, the right temporal gyrus is implicated in many cognitive domains as semantic memory processing and language. Moreover, it can be highly influenced by the type of task used in every study. Heterogeneity was not detected. A jackknife sensitivity analysis was also estimated to improve the analysis reliability, and both results were confirmed. Conclusions: More task-fMRI studies on ID must be published to add larger samples to address the pathophysiological questions more directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cañete-Massé
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carbó-Carreté
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Koenig KA, Bekris LM, Ruedrich S, Weber GE, Khrestian M, Oh SH, Kim S, Wang ZI, Leverenz JB. High-resolution functional connectivity of the default mode network in young adults with down syndrome. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2051-2060. [PMID: 33070299 PMCID: PMC8053201 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies of resting-state functional connectivity MRI in Alzheimer's disease suggest that disease stage plays a role in functional changes of the default mode network. Individuals with the genetic disorder Down syndrome show an increased incidence of early-onset Alzheimer's-type dementia, along with early and nearly universal neuropathologic changes of Alzheimer's disease. The present study examined high-resolution functional connectivity of the default mode network in 11 young adults with Down syndrome that showed no measurable symptoms of dementia and 11 age- and sex-matched neurotypical controls. We focused on within-network connectivity of the default mode network, measured from both anterior and posterior aspects of the cingulate cortex. Sixty-eight percent of connections to the posterior cingulate and 26% to the anterior cingulate showed reduced strength in the group with Down syndrome (p < 0.01). The Down syndrome group showed increased connectivity strength from the anterior cingulate to the bilateral inferior frontal gyri and right putamen (p < 0.005). In an exploratory analysis, connectivity in the group with Down syndrome showed regional relationships to plasma measures of inflammatory markers and t-tau. In non-demented adults with Down syndrome, functional connectivity within the default mode network may be analogous to changes reported in preclinical Alzheimer's disease, and warrants further investigation as a measure of dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Koenig
- Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave / U15, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Lynn M Bekris
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Ruedrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Grace E Weber
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria Khrestian
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Se-Hong Oh
- Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave / U15, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave / U15, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Z Irene Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Whitman ET, Liu S, Torres E, Warling A, Wilson K, Nadig A, McDermott C, Clasen LS, Blumenthal JD, Lalonde FM, Gotts SJ, Martin A, Raznahan A. Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Psychopathology in Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY). Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4180-4190. [PMID: 34009243 PMCID: PMC8485146 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY; henceforth: XXY syndrome) is a high-impact but poorly understood genetic risk factor for neuropsychiatric impairment. Here, we provide the first study to map alterations of functional brain connectivity in XXY syndrome and relate these changes to brain anatomy and psychopathology. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 75 individuals with XXY and 84 healthy XY males to 1) implement a brain-wide screen for altered global resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in XXY versus XY males and 2) decompose these alterations through seed-based analysis. We then compared these rsFC findings with measures of regional brain anatomy, psychopathology, and cognition. XXY syndrome was characterized by increased global rsFC in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-reflecting DLPFC overconnectivity with diverse rsFC networks. Functional overconnectivity was partly coupled to co-occurring regional volumetric changes in XXY syndrome, and variation in DLPFC-precuneus rsFC was correlated with the severity of psychopathology. By providing the first view of altered rsFC in XXY syndrome and contextualizing observed changes relative to neuroanatomy and behavior, our study helps to advance biological understanding of XXY syndrome-both as a disorder in its own right and more broadly as a model of genetic risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan T Whitman
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Erin Torres
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Allysa Warling
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kathleen Wilson
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ajay Nadig
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Cassidy McDermott
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Liv S Clasen
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jonathan D Blumenthal
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - François M Lalonde
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alex Martin
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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16
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Ramírez-Toraño F, García-Alba J, Bruña R, Esteba-Castillo S, Vaquero L, Pereda E, Maestú F, Fernández A. Hypersynchronized Magnetoencephalography Brain Networks in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome. Brain Connect 2021; 11:725-733. [PMID: 33858203 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The majority of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) show signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in their fourth decade. However, there is a lack of specific markers for characterizing the disease stages while considering this population's differential features. Methods: Forty-one DS individuals participated in the study, and were classified into three groups according to their clinical status: Alzheimer's disease (AD-DS), mild cognitive impairment (MCI-DS), and controls (CN-DS). We performed an exhaustive neuropsychological evaluation and assessed brain functional connectivity (FC) from magnetoencephalographic recordings. Results: Compared with CN-DS, both MCI-DS and AD-DS showed a pattern of increased FC within the high alpha band. The neuropsychological assessment showed a generalized cognitive impairment, especially affecting mnestic functions, in MCI-DS and, more pronouncedly, in AD-DS. Discussion: These findings might help to characterize the AD-continuum in DS. In addition, they support the role of the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance as a key pathophysiological factor in AD. Impact statement The pattern of functional connectivity (FC) hypersynchronization found in this study resembles the largely reported Alzheimer's disease (AD) FC evolution pattern in population with typical development. This study supports the hypothesis of the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance as a key pathophysiological factor in AD, and its conclusions could help in the characterization and prediction of Down syndrome individuals with a greater likelihood of converting to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ramírez-Toraño
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Alba
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research and Psychology in Education Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Esteba-Castillo
- Specialized Department in Mental Health and Intellectual Disability, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Institut 'd'Assistència Sanitària, Institut 'd'Assistència Sanitària (IAS), Girona, Spain
| | - Lucía Vaquero
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pereda
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and IUNE and ITB Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Rosas HD, Lewis LR, Mercaldo ND, Nasr S, Brickman AM, Siless V, Yassa M, Sathishkumar M, Lott I, Schupf N, Silverman W, Lai F. Altered connectivity of the default mode network in cognitively stable adults with Down syndrome: "Accelerated aging" or a prelude to Alzheimer's disease? ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12105. [PMID: 34027014 PMCID: PMC8136300 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have the neuropathological changes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by age 40 and will have developed dementia by age 60. Alterations of the intrinsic connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) are associated with AD in the neurotypical population. In this study, we sought to determine whether, and how, connectivity between the hubs of the DMN were altered in cognitively stable adults with DS who did not have evidence of either mild cognitive impairment or AD. METHODS Resting state functional MRI scans were collected from 26 healthy adults with DS and 26 healthy age-matched non-DS controls. Nodes comprising the DMN were generated as ROI's (regions of interest) and inter-nodal correlations estimated. RESULTS Analysis of intra-network connectivity of the DMN revealed anterior-posterior DMN dissociation and hyper- and hypo-connectivity, suggesting "accelerated aging" in DS. DISCUSSION Disruption of the DMN may serve as a prelude for AD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Diana Rosas
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula Martinos CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lydia R. Lewis
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula Martinos CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nathaniel D. Mercaldo
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shahin Nasr
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula Martinos CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- G. H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Viviana Siless
- Department of RadiologyAthinoula Martinos CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mithra Sathishkumar
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ira Lott
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsIrvine Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- G. H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Wayne Silverman
- Department of PediatricsIrvine Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Florence Lai
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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18
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Lauterborn JC, Scaduto P, Cox CD, Schulmann A, Lynch G, Gall CM, Keene CD, Limon A. Increased excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio in parietal cortex samples from individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2603. [PMID: 33972518 PMCID: PMC8110554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic disturbances in excitatory to inhibitory (E/I) balance in forebrain circuits are thought to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, although direct evidence for such imbalance in humans is lacking. We assessed anatomical and electrophysiological synaptic E/I ratios in post-mortem parietal cortex samples from middle-aged individuals with AD (early-onset) or Down syndrome (DS) by fluorescence deconvolution tomography and microtransplantation of synaptic membranes. Both approaches revealed significantly elevated E/I ratios for AD, but not DS, versus controls. Gene expression studies in an independent AD cohort also demonstrated elevated E/I ratios in individuals with AD as compared to controls. These findings provide evidence of a marked pro-excitatory perturbation of synaptic E/I balance in AD parietal cortex, a region within the default mode network that is overly active in the disorder, and support the hypothesis that E/I imbalances disrupt cognition-related shifts in cortical activity which contribute to the intellectual decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Lauterborn
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Pietro Scaduto
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - Conor D Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anton Schulmann
- National Institute of Mental Health, Human Genetics Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christine M Gall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA.
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19
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Koenig KA, Oh SH, Stasko MR, Roth EC, Taylor HG, Ruedrich S, Wang ZI, Leverenz JB, Costa ACS. High resolution structural and functional MRI of the hippocampus in young adults with Down syndrome. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab088. [PMID: 33977271 PMCID: PMC8100000 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the phenotypic consequence of trisomy 21, with clinical presentation including both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative components. Although the intellectual disability typically displayed by individuals with Down syndrome is generally global, it also involves disproportionate deficits in hippocampally-mediated cognitive processes. Hippocampal dysfunction may also relate to Alzheimer’s disease-type pathology, which can appear in as early as the first decade of life and becomes universal by age 40. Using 7-tesla MRI of the brain, we present an assessment of the structure and function of the hippocampus in 34 individuals with Down syndrome (mean age 24.5 years ± 6.5) and 27 age- and sex-matched typically developing healthy controls. In addition to increased whole-brain mean cortical thickness and lateral ventricle volumes (P < 1.0 × 10−4), individuals with Down syndrome showed selective volume reductions in bilateral hippocampal subfields cornu Ammonis field 1, dentate gyrus, and tail (P < 0.005). In the group with Down syndrome, bilateral hippocampi showed widespread reductions in the strength of functional connectivity, predominately to frontal regions (P < 0.02). Age was not related to hippocampal volumes or functional connectivity measures in either group, but both groups showed similar relationships of age to whole-brain volume measures (P < 0.05). Finally, we performed an exploratory analysis of a subgroup of individuals with Down syndrome with both imaging and neuropsychological assessments. This analysis indicated that measures of spatial memory were related to mean cortical thickness, total grey matter volume and right hemisphere hippocampal subfield volumes (P < 0.02). This work provides a first demonstration of the usefulness of high-field MRI to detect subtle differences in structure and function of the hippocampus in individuals with Down syndrome, and suggests the potential for development of MRI-derived measures as surrogate markers of drug efficacy in pharmacological studies designed to investigate enhancement of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Koenig
- Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Se-Hong Oh
- Imaging Sciences, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Melissa R Stasko
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Stephen Ruedrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Z Irene Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Alberto C S Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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20
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Complexity Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Resting-State fMRI in Down Syndrome: Relationships Highlighted by a Neuropsychological Assessment. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030311. [PMID: 33801471 PMCID: PMC8001398 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies on complexity indicators in the field of functional connectivity derived from resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) in Down syndrome (DS) samples and their possible relationship with cognitive functioning variables are rare. We analyze how some complexity indicators estimated in the subareas that constitute the default mode network (DMN) might be predictors of the neuropsychological outcomes evaluating Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and cognitive performance in persons with DS. Methods: Twenty-two DS people were assessed with the Kaufman Brief Test of Intelligence (KBIT) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) tests, and fMRI signals were recorded in a resting state over a six-minute period. In addition, 22 controls, matched by age and sex, were evaluated with the same rs-fMRI procedure. Results: There was a significant difference in complexity indicators between groups: the control group showed less complexity than the DS group. Moreover, the DS group showed more variance in the complexity indicator distributions than the control group. In the DS group, significant and negative relationships were found between some of the complexity indicators in some of the DMN networks and the cognitive performance scores. Conclusions: The DS group is characterized by more complex DMN networks and exhibits an inverse relationship between complexity and cognitive performance based on the negative parameter estimates.
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21
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Anagnostopoulou A, Styliadis C, Kartsidis P, Romanopoulou E, Zilidou V, Karali C, Karagianni M, Klados M, Paraskevopoulos E, Bamidis PD. Computerized physical and cognitive training improves the functional architecture of the brain in adults with Down syndrome: A network science EEG study. Netw Neurosci 2021; 5:274-294. [PMID: 33688615 PMCID: PMC7935030 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neuroplastic capacity of people with Down syndrome (PwDS) can potentially reveal the causal relationship between aberrant brain organization and phenotypic characteristics. We used resting-state EEG recordings to identify how a neuroplasticity-triggering training protocol relates to changes in the functional connectivity of the brain's intrinsic cortical networks. Brain activity of 12 PwDS before and after a 10-week protocol of combined physical and cognitive training was statistically compared to quantify changes in directed functional connectivity in conjunction with psychosomatometric assessments. PwDS showed increased connectivity within the left hemisphere and from left-to-right hemisphere, as well as increased physical and cognitive performance. Our findings reveal a strong adaptive neuroplastic reorganization as a result of the training that leads to a less-random network with a more pronounced hierarchical organization. Our results go beyond previous findings by indicating a transition to a healthier, more efficient, and flexible network architecture, with improved integration and segregation abilities in the brain of PwDS. Resting-state electrophysiological brain activity is used here for the first time to display meaningful relationships to underlying Down syndrome processes and outcomes of importance in a translational inquiry. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04390321.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Anagnostopoulou
- Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charis Styliadis
- Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kartsidis
- Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Romanopoulou
- Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zilidou
- Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysi Karali
- School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Karagianni
- Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Manousos Klados
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield International Faculty, City College, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Paraskevopoulos
- Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis D Bamidis
- Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Figueroa-Jiménez MD, Cañete-Massé C, Carbó-Carreté M, Zarabozo-Hurtado D, Guàrdia-Olmos J. Structural equation models to estimate dynamic effective connectivity networks in resting fMRI. A comparison between individuals with Down syndrome and controls. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113188. [PMID: 33636235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that an effective or functional connectivity network does not use a static process over time but incorporates dynamic connectivity that shows changes in neuronal activity patterns. Using structural equation models (SEMs), we estimated a dynamic component of the effective network through the effects (recursive and nonrecursive) between regions of interest (ROIs), taking into account the lag 1 effect. The aim of the paper was to find the best structural equation model (SEM) to represent dynamic effective connectivity in people with Down syndrome (DS) in comparison with healthy controls. Twenty-two people with DS were registered in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting-state paradigm for a period of six minutes. In addition, 22 controls, matched by age and sex, were analyzed with the same statistical approach. In both groups, we found the best global model, which included 6 ROIs within the default mode network (DMN). Connectivity patterns appeared to be different in both groups, and networks in people with DS showed more complexity and had more significant effects than networks in control participants. However, both groups had synchronous and dynamic effects associated with ROIs 3 and 4 related to the upper parietal areas in both brain hemispheres as axes of association and functional integration. It is evident that the correct classification of these groups, especially in cognitive competence, is a good initial step to propose a biomarker in network complexity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Cañete-Massé
- Department of Social Psychology & Quantitative Psychology Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carbó-Carreté
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Department of Cognition, Developmental Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Zarabozo-Hurtado
- RIO Group Clinical Laboratory, Center for Research in Advanced Functional Neuro-Diagnosis CINDFA, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Department of Social Psychology & Quantitative Psychology Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Specific Behavioral Responses Rather Than Autonomic Responses Can Indicate and Quantify Acute Pain among Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020253. [PMID: 33670517 PMCID: PMC7922141 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at a high risk of experiencing pain. Pain management requires assessment, a challenging mission considering the impaired communication skills in IDD. We analyzed subjective and objective responses following calibrated experimental stimuli to determine whether they can differentiate between painful and non-painful states, and adequately quantify pain among individuals with IDD. Eighteen adults with IDD and 21 healthy controls (HC) received experimental pressure stimuli (innocuous, mildly noxious, and moderately noxious). Facial expressions (analyzed with the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)) and autonomic function (heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), pulse, and galvanic skin response (GSR)) were continuously monitored, and self-reports using a pyramid and a numeric scale were obtained. Significant stimulus-response relationships were observed for the FACS and pyramid scores (but not for the numeric scores), and specific action units could differentiate between the noxious levels among the IDD group. FACS scores of the IDD group were higher and steeper than those of HC. HRV was overall lower among the IDD group, and GSR increased during noxious stimulation in both groups. In conclusion, the facial expressions and self-reports seem to reliably detect and quantify pain among individuals with mild-moderate IDD; their enhanced responses may indicate increased pain sensitivity that requires careful clinical consideration.
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Figueroa-Jimenez MD, Cañete-Massé C, Carbó-Carreté M, Zarabozo-Hurtado D, Peró-Cebollero M, Salazar-Estrada JG, Guàrdia-Olmos J. Resting-state default mode network connectivity in young individuals with Down syndrome. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01905. [PMID: 33179859 PMCID: PMC7821605 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal disorder that causes intellectual disability. Few studies have been conducted on functional connectivity using resting-state fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) signals or more specifically, on the relevant structure and density of the default mode network (DMN). Although data on this issue have been reported in adult DS individuals (age: >45 years), the DMN properties in young DS individuals have not been studied. The aim of this study was to describe the density and structure of the DMN network from fMRI signals in young DS (age: <36 years). METHOD A sample of 22 young people with DS between the ages of 16 and 35 (M = 25.5 and SD = 5.1) was recruited in various centers for people with intellectual disability (ID). In addition to sociodemographic data, a six-minute fMRI session was recorded with a 3. T Philips Ingenia scanner. A control group of 22 young people, matched by age and gender, was obtained from the Human Connectome Project (to compare the networks properties between groups). RESULTS The values of the 48 ROIs that configured the DMN were obtained, and the connectivity graphs for each subject, the average connectivity graph for each group, the clustering and degree values for each ROI, and the average functional connectivity network were estimated. CONCLUSIONS A higher density of overactivation was identified in DS group in the ventral, sensorimotor, and visual DMN networks, although within a framework of a wide variability of connectivity patterns in comparison with the control group network. These results extend our understanding of the functional connectivity networks pattern and intrasubject variability in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Cañete-Massé
- Department of Social Psychology & Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carbó-Carreté
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Developmental Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Zarabozo-Hurtado
- RIO Group Clinical Laboratory, Center for Research in Advanced Functional Neuro-Diagnosis CINDFA, Guadalajara, México
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Department of Social Psychology & Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Department of Social Psychology & Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Relationship between Quality of Life and the Complexity of Default Mode Network in Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Image in Down Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197127. [PMID: 33003398 PMCID: PMC7579576 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: The study of the Default Mode Network (DMN) has been shown to be sensitive for the recognition of connectivity patterns between the brain areas involved in this network. It has been hypothesized that the connectivity patterns in this network are related to different cognitive states. Purpose: In this study, we explored the relationship that can be estimated between these functional connectivity patterns of the DMN with the Quality-of-Life levels in people with Down syndrome, since no relevant data has been provided for this population. Methods: 22 young people with Down syndrome were evaluated; they were given a large evaluation battery that included the Spanish adaptation of the Personal Outcome Scale (POS). Likewise, fMRI sequences were obtained on a 3T resonator. For each subject, the DMN functional connectivity network was studied by estimating the indicators of complexity networks. The variability obtained in the Down syndrome group was studied by taking into account the Quality-of-Life distribution. Results: There is a negative correlation between the complexity of the connectivity networks and the Quality-of-Life values. Conclusions: The results are interpreted as evidence that, even at rest, connectivity levels are detected as already shown in the community population and that less intense connectivity levels correlate with higher levels of Quality of Life in people with Down syndrome.
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26
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Gregory MD, Mervis CB, Elliott ML, Kippenhan JS, Nash T, B Czarapata J, Prabhakaran R, Roe K, Eisenberg DP, Kohn PD, Berman KF. Williams syndrome hemideletion and LIMK1 variation both affect dorsal stream functional connectivity. Brain 2020; 142:3963-3974. [PMID: 31687737 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Williams syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by hemizygous deletion of ∼1.6 Mb affecting 26 genes on chromosome 7 (7q11.23) and is clinically typified by two cognitive/behavioural hallmarks: marked visuospatial deficits relative to verbal and non-verbal reasoning abilities and hypersocial personality. Clear knowledge of the circumscribed set of genes that are affected in Williams syndrome, along with the well-characterized neurobehavioural phenotype, offers the potential to elucidate neurogenetic principles that may apply in genetically and clinically more complex settings. The intraparietal sulcus, in the dorsal visual processing stream, has been shown to be structurally and functionally altered in Williams syndrome, providing a target for investigating resting-state functional connectivity and effects of specific genes hemideleted in Williams syndrome. Here, we tested for effects of the LIMK1 gene, deleted in Williams syndrome and important for neuronal maturation and migration, on intraparietal sulcus functional connectivity. We first defined a target brain phenotype by comparing intraparietal sulcus resting functional connectivity in individuals with Williams syndrome, in whom LIMK1 is hemideleted, with typically developing children. Then in two separate cohorts from the general population, we asked whether intraparietal sulcus functional connectivity patterns similar to those found in Williams syndrome were associated with sequence variation of the LIMK1 gene. Four independent between-group comparisons of resting-state functional MRI data (total n = 510) were performed: (i) 20 children with Williams syndrome compared to 20 age- and sex-matched typically developing children; (ii) a discovery cohort of 99 healthy adults stratified by LIMK1 haplotype; (iii) a replication cohort of 32 healthy adults also stratified by LIMK1 haplotype; and (iv) 339 healthy adolescent children stratified by LIMK1 haplotype. For between-group analyses, differences in intraparietal sulcus resting-state functional connectivity were calculated comparing children with Williams syndrome to matched typically developing children and comparing LIMK1 haplotype groups in each of the three general population cohorts separately. Consistent with the visuospatial construction impairment and hypersocial personality that typify Williams syndrome, the Williams syndrome cohort exhibited opposite patterns of intraparietal sulcus functional connectivity with visual processing regions and social processing regions: decreased circuit function in the former and increased circuit function in the latter. All three general population groups also showed LIMK1 haplotype-related differences in intraparietal sulcus functional connectivity localized to the fusiform gyrus, a visual processing region also identified in the Williams syndrome-typically developing comparison. These results suggest a neurogenetic mechanism, in part involving LIMK1, that may bias neural circuit function in both the general population and individuals with Williams syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Gregory
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn B Mervis
- Neurodevelopmental Sciences Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maxwell L Elliott
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Shane Kippenhan
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany Nash
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jasmin B Czarapata
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ranjani Prabhakaran
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Roe
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel P Eisenberg
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip D Kohn
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen F Berman
- Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Psychosis and Cognitive Studies Section, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Carbó-Carreté M, Cañete-Massé C, Peró-Cebollero M, Guàrdia-Olmos J. Using fMRI to Assess Brain Activity in People With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:147. [PMID: 32395104 PMCID: PMC7197628 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the last few years, many investigations have focused on brain activity in general and in populations with different pathologies using non-invasive techniques such as electroencefalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the use of non-invasive techniques to detect brain signals to evaluate the cognitive activity of people with Down syndrome (DS) has not been sufficiently addressed. The objective of this study is to describe the state-of-the-art in fMRI techniques for recording brain signals in people with DS. Method: A systematic review was performed based on PRISMA recommendations; only nine papers on this topic have been published. Three independent researchers selected all relevant information from each paper. Analyses of information concordance showed a high value of agreement between researchers. Results: Although few relevant works have been published, the use of fMRI in people with DS is becoming an appropriate option to study brain function in this population. Of the nine identified papers, five used task designs, and four used resting-state paradigms. Conclusion: Thus, we emphasize the need to incorporate rigorous cognitive activity procedures in evaluations of the DS population. We suggest several factors (such as head correction movements and paired sample techniques) that must be considered when designing an fMRI study with a task or a resting-state paradigm in a DS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carbó-Carreté
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Cañete-Massé
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Quantitative Psychology Research Group (SGR 266), Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Quantitative Psychology Research Group (SGR 266), Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Quantitative Psychology Research Group (SGR 266), Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Xu SY, Lu FM, Wang MY, Hu ZS, Zhang J, Chen ZY, Armada-da-Silva PAS, Yuan Z. Altered Functional Connectivity in the Motor and Prefrontal Cortex for Children With Down's Syndrome: An fNIRS Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:6. [PMID: 32116599 PMCID: PMC7034312 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down's syndrome (DS) might exhibit disrupted brain functional connectivity in the motor and prefrontal cortex. To inspect the alterations in brain activation and functional connectivity for children with DS, the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) method was applied to examine the brain activation difference in the motor and prefrontal cortex between the DS and typically developing (TD) groups during a fine motor task. In addition, small-world analysis based on graph theory was also carried out to characterize the topological organization of functional brain networks. Interestingly, behavior data demonstrated that the DS group showed significantly long reaction time and low accuracy as compared to the TD group (p < 0.05). More importantly, significantly reduced brain activations in the frontopolar area, the pre-motor, and the supplementary motor cortex (p < 0.05) were identified in the DS group compared with the TD group. Meanwhile, significantly high global efficiency (E g ) and short average path length (L p ) were also detected for the DS group. This pilot study illustrated that the disrupted connectivity of frontopolar area, pre-motor, and supplementary motor cortex might be one of the core mechanisms associated with motor and cognitive impairments for children with DS. Therefore, the combination of the fNIRS technique with functional network analysis may pave a new avenue for improving our understanding of the neural mechanisms of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yang Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Yun Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Hu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paulo A. S. Armada-da-Silva
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
- Neuromechanics of Human Movement, Faculty of Human Kinetics, CIPER, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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29
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Dasilva M, Navarro-Guzman A, Ortiz-Romero P, Camassa A, Muñoz-Cespedes A, Campuzano V, Sanchez-Vives MV. Altered Neocortical Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Williams-Beuren Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:765-777. [PMID: 31471877 PMCID: PMC7031212 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by moderate intellectual disability and learning difficulties alongside behavioral abnormalities such as hypersociability. Several structural and functional brain alterations are characteristic of this syndrome, as well as disturbed sleep and sleeping patterns. However, the detailed physiological mechanisms underlying WBS are mostly unknown. Here, we characterized the cortical dynamics in a mouse model of WBS previously reported to replicate most of the behavioral alterations described in humans. We recorded the laminar local field potential generated in the frontal cortex during deep anesthesia and characterized the properties of the emergent slow oscillation activity. Moreover, we performed micro-electrocorticogram recordings using multielectrode arrays covering the cortical surface of one hemisphere. We found significant differences between the cortical emergent activity and functional connectivity between wild-type mice and WBS model mice. Slow oscillations displayed Up states with diminished firing rate and lower high-frequency content in the gamma range. Lower firing rates were also recorded in the awake WBS animals while performing a marble burying task and could be associated with the decreased spine density and thus synaptic connectivity in this cortical area. We also found an overall increase in functional connectivity between brain areas, reflected in lower clustering and abnormally high integration, especially in the gamma range. These results expand previous findings in humans, suggesting that the cognitive deficits characterizing WBS might be associated with reduced excitability, plus an imbalance in the capacity to functionally integrate and segregate information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Dasilva
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Navarro-Guzman
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Ortiz-Romero
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Camassa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Cespedes
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Depatamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Campuzano
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Chang P, Bush D, Schorge S, Good M, Canonica T, Shing N, Noy S, Wiseman FK, Burgess N, Tybulewicz VLJ, Walker MC, Fisher EMC. Altered Hippocampal-Prefrontal Neural Dynamics in Mouse Models of Down Syndrome. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1152-1163.e4. [PMID: 31995755 PMCID: PMC6996020 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered neural dynamics in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus may contribute to cognitive impairments in the complex chromosomal disorder Down syndrome (DS). Here, we demonstrate non-overlapping behavioral differences associated with distinct abnormalities in hippocampal and mPFC electrophysiology during a canonical spatial working memory task in three partially trisomic mouse models of DS (Dp1Tyb, Dp10Yey, and Dp17Yey) that together cover all regions of homology with human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). Dp1Tyb mice show slower decision-making (unrelated to the gene dose of DYRK1A, which has been implicated in DS cognitive dysfunction) and altered theta dynamics (reduced frequency, increased hippocampal-mPFC coherence, and increased modulation of hippocampal high gamma); Dp10Yey mice show impaired alternation performance and reduced theta modulation of hippocampal low gamma; and Dp17Yey mice are not significantly different from the wild type. These results link specific hippocampal and mPFC circuit dysfunctions to cognitive deficits in DS models and, importantly, map them to discrete regions of Hsa21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pishan Chang
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Daniel Bush
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Stephanie Schorge
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mark Good
- School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Tara Canonica
- School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nathanael Shing
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Suzanna Noy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Frances K Wiseman
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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31
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Wilson LR, Vatansever D, Annus T, Williams GB, Hong YT, Fryer TD, Nestor PJ, Holland AJ, Zaman SH. Differential effects of Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's neuropathology on default mode connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4551-4563. [PMID: 31350817 PMCID: PMC6865660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down's syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that invariably results in both intellectual disability and Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. However, only a limited number of studies to date have investigated intrinsic brain network organisation in people with Down's syndrome, none of which addressed the links between functional connectivity and Alzheimer's disease. In this cross‐sectional study, we employed 11C‐Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PiB) positron emission tomography in order to group participants with Down's syndrome based on the presence of fibrillar beta‐amyloid neuropathology. We also acquired resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to interrogate the connectivity of the default mode network; a large‐scale system with demonstrated links to Alzheimer's disease. The results revealed widespread positive connectivity of the default mode network in people with Down's syndrome (n = 34, ages 30–55, median age = 43.5) and a stark lack of anti‐correlation. However, in contrast to typically developing controls (n = 20, ages 30–55, median age = 43.5), the Down's syndrome group also showed significantly weaker connections in localised frontal and posterior brain regions. Notably, while a comparison of the PiB‐negative Down's syndrome group (n = 19, ages 30–48, median age = 41.0) to controls suggested that alterations in default mode connectivity to frontal brain regions are related to atypical development, a comparison of the PiB‐positive (n = 15, ages 39–55, median age = 48.0) and PiB‐negative Down's syndrome groups indicated that aberrant connectivity in posterior cortices is associated with the presence of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Such distinct profiles of altered connectivity not only further our understanding of the brain physiology that underlies these two inherently linked conditions but may also potentially provide a biomarker for future studies of neurodegeneration in people with Down's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam R Wilson
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deniz Vatansever
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiina Annus
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guy B Williams
- The Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young T Hong
- The Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- The Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Nestor
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony J Holland
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahid H Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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32
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Niego A, Benítez-Burraco A. Williams Syndrome, Human Self-Domestication, and Language Evolution. Front Psychol 2019; 10:521. [PMID: 30936846 PMCID: PMC6431629 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Language evolution resulted from changes in our biology, behavior, and culture. One source of these changes might be human self-domestication. Williams syndrome (WS) is a clinical condition with a clearly defined genetic basis which results in a distinctive behavioral and cognitive profile, including enhanced sociability. In this paper we show evidence that the WS phenotype can be satisfactorily construed as a hyper-domesticated human phenotype, plausibly resulting from the effect of the WS hemideletion on selected candidates for domestication and neural crest (NC) function. Specifically, we show that genes involved in animal domestication and NC development and function are significantly dysregulated in the blood of subjects with WS. We also discuss the consequences of this link between domestication and WS for our current understanding of language evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Niego
- Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Humanities, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature, Faculty of Philology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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33
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Nguyen TL, Duchon A, Manousopoulou A, Loaëc N, Villiers B, Pani G, Karatas M, Mechling AE, Harsan LA, Limanton E, Bazureau JP, Carreaux F, Garbis SD, Meijer L, Herault Y. Correction of cognitive deficits in mouse models of Down syndrome by a pharmacological inhibitor of DYRK1A. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035634. [PMID: 30115750 PMCID: PMC6176987 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the implication of DYRK1A in the development of cognitive deficits seen in Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We here demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of brain DYRK1A is able to correct recognition memory deficits in three DS mouse models with increasing genetic complexity [Tg(Dyrk1a), Ts65Dn, Dp1Yey], all expressing an extra copy of Dyrk1a Overexpressed DYRK1A accumulates in the cytoplasm and at the synapse. Treatment of the three DS models with the pharmacological DYRK1A inhibitor leucettine L41 leads to normalization of DYRK1A activity and corrects the novel object cognitive impairment observed in these models. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals that this cognitive improvement is paralleled by functional connectivity remodelling of core brain areas involved in learning/memory processes. The impact of Dyrk1a trisomy and L41 treatment on brain phosphoproteins was investigated by a quantitative phosphoproteomics method, revealing the implication of synaptic (synapsin 1) and cytoskeletal components involved in synaptic response and axonal organization. These results encourage the development of DYRK1A inhibitors as drug candidates to treat cognitive deficits associated with DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Lan Nguyen
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine/Cancer Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Center for Proteomic Research, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Benoît Villiers
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Guillaume Pani
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Meltem Karatas
- Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (IMIS), UMR 7357, and University Hospital Strasbourg, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna E Mechling
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Adela Harsan
- Laboratory of Engineering, Informatics and Imaging (ICube), Integrative multimodal imaging in healthcare (IMIS), UMR 7357, and University Hospital Strasbourg, Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Limanton
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bazureau
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Carreaux
- Université de Rennes 1, ISCR (Institut des sciences chimiques de Rennes)-UMR, 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Faculty of Medicine/Cancer Sciences & Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Center for Proteomic Research, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
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Gagliardi C, Arrigoni F, Nordio A, De Luca A, Peruzzo D, Decio A, Leemans A, Borgatti R. A Different Brain: Anomalies of Functional and Structural Connections in Williams Syndrome. Front Neurol 2018; 9:721. [PMID: 30271373 PMCID: PMC6146099 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the results of a functional and structural brain connectivity analysis comparing a homogeneous group of 10 young adults with Williams Syndrome (WS; 3 females, age 20. 7 ± 3.7 years, age range 17.4–28.7 years) to a group of 18 controls of similar age (3 females, age 23.9 ± 4.4 years, age range 16.8–30.2), with the aim to increase knowledge of the structure – function relationship in WS. Subjects underwent a 3T brain MRI exam including anatomical, functional (resting state) and structural (diffusion MRI) sequences. We found convergent anomalies in structural and functional connectivity in the WS group. Altered Fractional Anisotropy (FA) values in parieto-occipital regions were associated with increased connectivity in the antero-posterior pathways linking parieto-occipital with frontal regions. The analysis of resting state data showed altered functional connectivity in the WS group in main brain networks (default mode, executive control and dorsal attention, sensori-motor, fronto—parietal, ventral stream). The combined analysis of functional and structural connectivity displayed a different pattern in the two groups: in controls the highest agreement was found in frontal and visual areas, whereas in WS patients in posterior regions (parieto-occipital and temporal areas). These preliminary findings may reflect an altered “wiring” of the brain in WS, which can be driven by hyper-connectivity of the posterior regions as opposed to disrupted connectivity in the anterior areas, supporting the hypothesis that a different brain (organization) could be associated with a different (organization of) behavior in Williams Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gagliardi
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Andrea Nordio
- Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto De Luca
- Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Denis Peruzzo
- Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Alice Decio
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
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35
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Sampaio A, Moreira PS, Osório A, Magalhães R, Vasconcelos C, Férnandez M, Carracedo A, Alegria J, Gonçalves ÓF, Soares JM. Altered functional connectivity of the default mode network in Williams syndrome: a multimodal approach. Dev Sci 2018; 19:686-95. [PMID: 27412230 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resting state brain networks are implicated in a variety of relevant brain functions. Importantly, abnormal patterns of functional connectivity (FC) have been reported in several neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, the Default Mode Network (DMN) has been found to be associated with social cognition. We hypothesize that the DMN may be altered in Williams syndrome (WS), a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder characterized by an unique cognitive and behavioral phenotype. In this study, we assessed the architecture of the DMN using fMRI in WS patients and typically developing matched controls (sex and age) in terms of FC and volumetry of the DMN. Moreover, we complemented the analysis with a functional connectome approach. After excluding participants due to movement artifacts (n = 3), seven participants with WS and their respective matched controls were included in the analyses. A decreased FC between the DMN regions was observed in the WS group when compared with the typically developing group. Specifically, we found a decreased FC in a posterior hub of the DMN including the precuneus, calcarine and the posterior cingulate of the left hemisphere. The functional connectome approach showed a focalized and global increased FC connectome in the WS group. The reduced FC of the posterior hub of the DMN in the WS group is consistent with immaturity of the brain FC patterns and may be associated with the singularity of their visual spatial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sampaio
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Pedro Silva Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Osório
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal.,Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Post-Graduate Program on Developmental Disorders - Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Montse Férnandez
- Genetic Molecular Unit, Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Genetic Molecular Unit, Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joana Alegria
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Óscar F Gonçalves
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal.,Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, USA.,Department of Applied Psychology, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, USA
| | - José Miguel Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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36
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Godfrey M, Lee NR. Memory profiles in Down syndrome across development: a review of memory abilities through the lifespan. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:5. [PMID: 29378508 PMCID: PMC5789527 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-017-9220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with a variety of cognitive impairments, notably memory impairments. Due to the high prevalence rates of early-onset dementia associated with DS, it is imperative to understand the comprehensive development of memory impairments beginning in childhood and into adulthood, as this may help researchers identify precursors of dementia at earlier stages of development and pinpoint targets for memory intervention. The current paper provides a systematic, developmentally focused review of the nature of memory difficulties in DS across the lifespan. Specifically, this review summarizes what is known about long-term, short-term, and working memory abilities (distinguishing between verbal and nonverbal modalities) in DS, compared to both mental age-matched typically developing peers and individuals with other forms of intellectual disability (ID) at three developmental stages (i.e., preschool, adolescence, and adulthood). Additionally, this review examines the degree of impairment reported relative to typically developing mental age-matched peers in the existing literature by examining effect size data across memory domains as a function of age. With few exceptions, memory abilities were impaired across the lifespan compared to mental age-matched typically developing peers. Relative to other groups with ID, research findings are mixed. Our review of the literature identified a scarcity of memory studies in early childhood, particularly for STM and WM. In adulthood, research was limited in the LTM and WM domains and very little research has compared memory abilities in older adults with DS to those with typical development. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies could provide a better understanding of the developmental trajectory of memory abilities in DS, and the possible associations between memory abilities and real-world functioning. This research could ultimately inform interventions to improve independence and overall quality of life for those with DS and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Godfrey
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Nancy Raitano Lee
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Stratton 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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37
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Trajectories of brain system maturation from childhood to older adulthood: Implications for lifespan cognitive functioning. Neuroimage 2017; 163:125-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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38
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Increased overall cortical connectivity with syndrome specific local decreases suggested by atypical sleep-EEG synchronization in Williams syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6157. [PMID: 28733679 PMCID: PMC5522417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams syndrome (7q11.23 microdeletion) is characterized by specific alterations in neurocognitive architecture and functioning, as well as disordered sleep. Here we analyze the region, sleep state and frequency-specific EEG synchronization of whole night sleep recordings of 21 Williams syndrome and 21 typically developing age- and gender-matched subjects by calculating weighted phase lag indexes. We found broadband increases in inter- and intrahemispheric neural connectivity for both NREM and REM sleep EEG of Williams syndrome subjects. These effects consisted of increased theta, high sigma, and beta/low gamma synchronization, whereas alpha synchronization was characterized by a peculiar Williams syndrome-specific decrease during NREM states (intra- and interhemispheric centro-temporal) and REM phases of sleep (occipital intra-area synchronization). We also found a decrease in short range, occipital connectivity of NREM sleep EEG theta activity. The striking increased overall synchronization of sleep EEG in Williams syndrome subjects is consistent with the recently reported increase in synaptic and dendritic density in stem-cell based Williams syndrome models, whereas decreased alpha and occipital connectivity might reflect and underpin the altered microarchitecture of primary visual cortex and disordered visuospatial functioning of Williams syndrome subjects.
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39
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Schreiner M, Forsyth JK, Karlsgodt KH, Anderson AE, Hirsh N, Kushan L, Uddin LQ, Mattiacio L, Coman IL, Kates WR, Bearden CE. Intrinsic Connectivity Network-Based Classification and Detection of Psychotic Symptoms in Youth With 22q11.2 Deletions. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:3294-3306. [PMID: 28383675 PMCID: PMC6059149 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 Deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder associated with numerous phenotypic consequences and is one of the greatest known risk factors for psychosis. We investigated intrinsic-connectivity-networks (ICNs) as potential biomarkers for patient and psychosis-risk status in 2 independent cohorts, UCLA (33 22q11DS-participants, 33 demographically matched controls), and Syracuse (28 22q11DS, 28 controls). After assessing group connectivity differences, ICNs from the UCLA cohort were used to train classifiers to distinguish cases from controls, and to predict psychosis risk status within 22q11DS; classifiers were subsequently tested on the Syracuse cohort. In both cohorts we observed significant hypoconnectivity in 22q11DS relative to controls within anterior cingulate (ACC)/precuneus, executive, default mode (DMN), posterior DMN, and salience networks. Of 12 ICN-derived classifiers tested in the Syracuse replication-cohort, the ACC/precuneus, DMN, and posterior DMN classifiers accurately distinguished between 22q11DS and controls. Within 22q11DS subjects, connectivity alterations within 4 networks predicted psychosis risk status for a given individual in both cohorts: the ACC/precuneus, DMN, left executive, and salience networks. Widespread within-network-hypoconnectivity in large-scale networks implicated in higher-order cognition may be a defining characteristic of 22q11DS during adolescence and early adulthood; furthermore, loss of coherence within these networks may be a valuable biomarker for individual prediction of psychosis-risk in 22q11DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Schreiner
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Forsyth
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Ariana E. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nurit Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leila Kushan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lucina Q. Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Leah Mattiacio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, NY 13210, USA
| | - Ioana L. Coman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, NY 13210, USA
| | - Wendy R. Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, NY 13210, USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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40
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Weak functional connectivity in the human fetal brain prior to preterm birth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39286. [PMID: 28067865 PMCID: PMC5221666 DOI: 10.1038/srep39286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that neurological problems more frequent in those born preterm are expressed prior to birth, but owing to technical limitations, this has been difficult to test in humans. We applied novel fetal resting-state functional MRI to measure brain function in 32 human fetuses in utero and found that systems-level neural functional connectivity was diminished in fetuses that would subsequently be born preterm. Neural connectivity was reduced in a left-hemisphere pre-language region, and the degree to which connectivity of this left language region extended to right-hemisphere homologs was positively associated with the time elapsed between fMRI assessment and delivery. These results provide the first evidence that altered functional connectivity in the preterm brain is identifiable before birth. They suggest that neurodevelopmental disorders associated with preterm birth may result from neurological insults that begin in utero.
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41
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Vega JN, Zurkovsky L, Albert K, Melo A, Boyd B, Dumas J, Woodward N, McDonald BC, Saykin AJ, Park JH, Naylor M, Newhouse PA. Altered Brain Connectivity in Early Postmenopausal Women with Subjective Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:433. [PMID: 27721740 PMCID: PMC5034407 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive changes after menopause are a common complaint, especially as the loss of estradiol at menopause has been hypothesized to contribute to the higher rates of dementia in women. To explore the neural processes related to subjective cognitive complaints, this study examined resting state functional connectivity in 31 postmenopausal women (aged 50–60) in relationship to cognitive complaints following menopause. A cognitive complaint index was calculated using responses to a 120-item questionnaire. Seed regions were identified for resting state brain networks important for higher-order cognitive processes and for areas that have shown differences in volume and functional activity associated with cognitive complaints in prior studies. Results indicated a positive correlation between the executive control network and cognitive complaint score, weaker negative functional connectivity within the frontal cortex, and stronger positive connectivity within the right middle temporal gyrus in postmenopausal women who report more cognitive complaints. While longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis, these data are consistent with previous findings suggesting that high levels of cognitive complaints may reflect changes in brain connectivity and may be a potential marker for the risk of late-life cognitive dysfunction in postmenopausal women with otherwise normal cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Vega
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lilia Zurkovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly Albert
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa Melo
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie Dumas
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Neil Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brenna C McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joon H Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of MedicineJejudo, South Korea
| | - Magdalena Naylor
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Health SystemNashville, TN, USA
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42
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Hamlett ED, Boger HA, Ledreux A, Kelley CM, Mufson EJ, Falangola MF, Guilfoyle DN, Nixon RA, Patterson D, Duval N, Granholm ACE. Cognitive Impairment, Neuroimaging, and Alzheimer Neuropathology in Mouse Models of Down Syndrome. Curr Alzheimer Res 2016; 13:35-52. [PMID: 26391050 PMCID: PMC5034871 DOI: 10.2174/1567205012666150921095505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common non-lethal genetic condition that affects approximately 1 in 700 births in the United States of America. DS is characterized by complete or segmental chromosome 21 trisomy, which leads to variable intellectual disabilities, progressive memory loss, and accelerated neurodegeneration with age. During the last three decades, people with DS have experienced a doubling of life expectancy due to progress in treatment of medical comorbidities, which has allowed this population to reach the age when they develop early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals with DS develop cognitive and pathological hallmarks of AD in their fourth or fifth decade, and are currently lacking successful prevention or treatment options for dementia. The profound memory deficits associated with DS-related AD (DS-AD) have been associated with degeneration of several neuronal populations, but mechanisms of neurodegeneration are largely unexplored. The most successful animal model for DS is the Ts65Dn mouse, but several new models have also been developed. In the current review, we discuss recent findings and potential treatment options for the management of memory loss and AD neuropathology in DS mouse models. We also review agerelated neuropathology, and recent findings from neuroimaging studies. The validation of appropriate DS mouse models that mimic neurodegeneration and memory loss in humans with DS can be valuable in the study of novel preventative and treatment interventions, and may be helpful in pinpointing gene-gene interactions as well as specific gene segments involved in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ann-Charlotte E Granholm
- Department Neurosciences, Director, Center on Aging, Medical Univ. South Carolina, Basic Science Bldg, Room 403, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Neural substrates of spontaneous narrative production in focal neurodegenerative disease. Neuropsychologia 2015; 79:158-71. [PMID: 26485159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conversational storytelling integrates diverse cognitive and socio-emotional abilities that critically differ across neurodegenerative disease groups. Storytelling patterns may have diagnostic relevance and predict anatomic changes. The present study employed mixed methods discourse and quantitative analyses to delineate patterns of storytelling across focal neurodegenerative disease groups, and to clarify the neuroanatomical contributions to common storytelling characteristics. Transcripts of spontaneous social interactions of 46 participants (15 behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 7 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), 12 Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 12 healthy older normal controls (NC)) were analyzed for storytelling frequency and characteristics, and videos of the interactions were rated for patients' level of social attentiveness. Compared to controls, svPPAs told more stories and autobiographical stories, and perseverated on aspects of self during the interaction, whereas ADs told fewer autobiographical stories than NCs. svPPAs and bvFTDs were rated as less attentive to social cues. Aspects of storytelling were related to diverse cognitive and socio-emotional functions, and voxel-based anatomic analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging revealed that temporal organization, narrative evaluations patterns, and social attentiveness correlated with atrophy corresponding to known intrinsic connectivity networks, including the default mode, limbic, salience, and stable task control networks. Differences in spontaneous storytelling among neurodegenerative groups elucidated diverse cognitive, socio-emotional, and neural contributions to narrative production, with implications for diagnostic screening and therapeutic intervention.
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Edgin JO, Clark CAC, Massand E, Karmiloff-Smith A. Building an adaptive brain across development: targets for neurorehabilitation must begin in infancy. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:232. [PMID: 26441566 PMCID: PMC4565977 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made toward behavioral and pharmacological intervention in intellectual disability, which was once thought too difficult to treat. Down syndrome (DS) research has shown rapid advances, and clinical trials are currently underway, with more on the horizon. Here, we review the literature on the emergent profile of cognitive development in DS, emphasizing that treatment approaches must consider how some "end state" impairments, such as language deficits, may develop from early alterations in neural systems beginning in infancy. Specifically, we highlight evidence suggesting that there are pre- and early postnatal alterations in brain structure and function in DS, resulting in disturbed network function across development. We stress that these early alterations are likely amplified by Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and poor sleep. Focusing on three network hubs (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum), we discuss how these regions may relate to evolving deficits in cognitive function in individuals with DS, and to their language profile in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O. Edgin
- Department of Psychology, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
- Sonoran University Center for Excellence in Developmental DisabilitiesTucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Esha Massand
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondon, UK
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Anderson JS, Treiman SM, Ferguson MA, Nielsen JA, Edgin JO, Dai L, Gerig G, Korenberg JR. Violence: heightened brain attentional network response is selectively muted in Down syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2015; 7:15. [PMID: 26131023 PMCID: PMC4486123 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-015-9112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to recognize and respond appropriately to threat is critical to survival, and the neural substrates subserving attention to threat may be probed using depictions of media violence. Whether neural responses to potential threat differ in Down syndrome is not known. METHODS We performed functional MRI scans of 15 adolescent and adult Down syndrome and 14 typically developing individuals, group matched by age and gender, during 50 min of passive cartoon viewing. Brain activation to auditory and visual features, violence, and presence of the protagonist and antagonist were compared across cartoon segments. fMRI signal from the brain's dorsal attention network was compared to thematic and violent events within the cartoons between Down syndrome and control samples. RESULTS We found that in typical development, the brain's dorsal attention network was most active during violent scenes in the cartoons and that this was significantly and specifically reduced in Down syndrome. When the antagonist was on screen, there was significantly less activation in the left medial temporal lobe of individuals with Down syndrome. As scenes represented greater relative threat, the disparity between attentional brain activation in Down syndrome and control individuals increased. There was a reduction in the temporal autocorrelation of the dorsal attention network, consistent with a shortened attention span in Down syndrome. Individuals with Down syndrome exhibited significantly reduced activation in primary sensory cortices, and such perceptual impairments may constrain their ability to respond to more complex social cues such as violence. CONCLUSIONS These findings may indicate a relative deficit in emotive perception of violence in Down syndrome, possibly mediated by impaired sensory perception and hypoactivation of medial temporal structures in response to threats, with relative preservation of activity in pro-social brain regions. These findings indicate that specific genetic differences associated with Down syndrome can modulate the brain's response to violence and other complex emotive ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Anderson
- Department of Radiology, 1A71 School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA ; Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA ; The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Scott M Treiman
- The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - Jared A Nielsen
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jamie O Edgin
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Li Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Guido Gerig
- The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA ; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Julie R Korenberg
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA ; The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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