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Amiri S, Mahmood N, Yusuf R, Ghenimi N, Javaid SF, Khan MAB. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Abnormal Body Mass Index: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1015. [PMID: 39201949 PMCID: PMC11352292 DOI: 10.3390/children11081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
(1) Objectives: The impact of abnormal body mass index (BMI) on health is extensive, and various risk factors contribute to its effects. This study aimed to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and BMI categories, including underweight, overweight, obesity, severe obesity, and morbid obesity; (2) Methods: Three databases were searched: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Manual searches were conducted using Google Scholar and ResearchGate. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between ACEs and BMI. A random-effects model was used to combine the ORs and CIs across studies; (3) Results: This meta-analysis included 71 studies. The pooled ORs for the relationship between ACEs and obesity was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.24-1.63, Z = 4.96, p < 0.001), indicating a significant association. ACEs showed a positive association with overweight (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.27, Z = 3.24, p = 0.001). Specifically, ACEs ≥ 4 were strongly associated with obesity (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.27-3.36, Z = 2.90, p = 0.004). Sexual abuse was also found to be significantly associated with obesity (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.29-1.65, Z = 5.98, p < 0.001); (4) Conclusion: This study finds that individuals who have experienced ACEs are more likely to have a higher BMI in adulthood. Therefore, ACEs should be considered a factor associated with abnormal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 17166, Iran;
| | - Nailah Mahmood
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
| | - Rahemeen Yusuf
- Emirates Center for Happiness Research, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nadirah Ghenimi
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Syed Fahad Javaid
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moien AB Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Moriya RM, de Oliveira CEC, Reiche EMV, Passini JLL, Nunes SOV. Association of adverse childhood experiences and overweight or obesity in adolescents: A systematic review and network analysis. Obes Rev 2024:e13809. [PMID: 39075564 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review with meta-analysis assessed the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) linked to overweight or obesity in adolescents. Twenty-eight studies (cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort) were included, which described individuals with a history of ACE or adverse family experiences, such as physical, emotional, or psychological abuses; neglect; exposure to domestic violence or peer violence; and sexual abuse. Body mass index (BMI) or BMI z score was used by the study to define adolescents with overweight or obesity. Adolescents who reported childhood experiences, mainly physical, sexual, and emotional abuses, were more associated with overweight/obesity, especially those who experienced four or more ACEs. Network meta-analysis indicated that physical, sexual, and neglect were the most common ACEs associated with obesity in adolescents. Due to significant differences and imprecision among the studies, network meta-analysis was inconclusive in determining the impact of other types of ACE on outcomes. However, evidence suggests that exposure to sexual and physical abuse, as well as neglect, is associated with adolescents who are obese or overweight, as well as with the number of ACE experienced. The study presented evidence suggesting that dealing with many ACEs may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Mikio Moriya
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Health Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Health Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Campus Londrina, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Luís Lima Passini
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Health Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Yin R, Yang Y, Tang L, Chang Y, Zhang F. Childhood abuse and association with adult depressive symptoms among people with cardiovascular disease. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1179384. [PMID: 37333526 PMCID: PMC10273208 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1179384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To study the association between the total/different types of childhood abuse and adult depressive symptoms in people with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods The subjects were people with CVD who continuously participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) life history survey and the 2018 wave of the CHARLS national baseline Survey. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between emotional neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse and adult depressive symptoms. Results A total of 4,823 respondents were included in this study. The incidence of childhood abuse (existed emotional neglect, physical neglect or physical abuse) was 43.58% among people over 45 years old with CVD, which was higher than that of the general population (36.62%, p < 0.05). Adjusted model showed that overall childhood abuse was associated with adult depressive symptoms (OR = 1.230, 95%CI:1.094-1.383). Among different types of childhood abuse, only physical abuse was associated with depressive symptoms in adulthood (OR = 1.345, 95%CI:1.184-1.528). Conclusion Compared with that of the general population, the incidence of childhood abuse in CVD population is higher. Physical abuse in childhood increased the risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood. It suggested that the occurrence of depressive symptoms was the result of related factors in the whole life course. In order to prevent the depressive symptoms, childhood abuse also needs to be considered. It is very important to identify and prevent the continuation of childhood abuse in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyun Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujiao Chang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Marques ES, Hasselmann MH, de Barros Vianna GV, de Paula Mendonça E, Azeredo CM. Association Between Interpersonal Violence With Inadequate Nutritional Status Among Brazilian Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP12066-NP12085. [PMID: 33666109 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521997446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research focusing on the relationship between interpersonal violence and nutritional status in adolescence is scarce and has distinct results. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of family physical and sexual violence with inadequate nutritional status in Brazilian adolescents. We used data from the 2015 Brazilian National Survey of School Health. This study includes 11.850 students, older than 13 years, attending from sixth to ninth grade of elementary school and from the 1st to the 3rd year of high school. The exposures were family physical violence and rape. The outcome was nutritional status, assessed through body mass index. The association between exposures and outcome were investigated using a multinomial logistic regression model. These analyses were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and family variables. The prevalence of family physical violence victimization was approximately 14% among adolescents for both sexes. The prevalence of rape was 4.6% and 5.7% among male and female adolescents, respectively. Family physical violence was not associated with being underweight, overweight, or obese, in either crude or adjusted models for both sexes. Sexual violence was inversely associated with being underweight only for male adolescents (OR: 0.21, CI 95%: 0.06-0.75). In female adolescents, sexual violence was associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 1.64, CI 95%:1.15-2.33). In this study, rape, but not family physical violence victimization, was associated with nutritional status in adolescents of both sexes. Nonetheless, this association was different between boys and girls. Rape was inversely associated with being underweight in male adolescents, whereas, in female adolescents, it was associated with excess body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Souza Marques
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Doi S, Isumi A, Fujiwara T. Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences Including Low Household Income and Peer Isolation With Obesity Among Japanese Adolescents: Results From A-CHILD Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:754765. [PMID: 35480585 PMCID: PMC9037323 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.754765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experience (ACE) is a major risk factor for obesity in both adults and adolescents. Although, arguably, peer isolation and low household income could be conceived as of ACEs, few studies have included these experiences as ACEs. Objectives This study aims to examine whether ACEs, including peer isolation and low household income, are associated with obesity in adolescents. Methods We used pooled data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in 2016 and 2018, which is a school-based cross-sectional study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, N = 6,946, 4th (9–10 years old), 6th (11–12 years old), and 8th (13–14 years old) grades. Among the eight items of ACEs, adolescents assessed one item, including peer isolation, and their caregivers assessed seven other items using questionnaires. The adolescents' body mass index (BMI) was measured in school health checkups and calculated to fit the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to investigate the association of the cumulative ACEs and each type of ACE with BMI, in which the study was conducted in 2020. Results The number of ACEs was not associated with overweight or obesity among adolescents after adjusting for covariates. As for each type of ACE, single parenthood and low household income showed a significant independent association with obesity. Conclusions The number of ACEs was not associated with overweight or obesity in Japanese adolescents, while single parenthood and low household income showed a significant positive association with obesity. Further longitudinal studies are needed to replicate this association among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Derks IPM, Hannani S, Vehmeijer FOL, Tiemeier H, Jansen PW. The experience of life events and body composition in middle childhood: a population-based study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:109. [PMID: 34433463 PMCID: PMC8386051 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While studies suggest potential influences of childhood adversities on obesity development in adulthood, less is known about the short-term association in children. We examined the association between a wide range of life events experienced in the first ten years of life (including maltreatment and milder adversities) and body composition in 5333 ten-year old Dutch children. In structured interviews, mothers retrospectively reported on their children’s experience of 24 events. BMI was calculated, and fat mass index and fat free mass index were determined by dual-x-ray absorptiometry scanning. Linear regressions showed that, unadjusted, a higher number of life events was associated with higher BMI and body composition. However, associations attenuated to non-significance after adjustment for covariates. Similar findings were observed for maltreatment and milder life events. Thus, the number of experienced life events was not associated with body composition in middle childhood. Rather, other factors, like socioeconomic conditions, accounted for the relationship between life events and weight development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne P M Derks
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Hannani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florianne O L Vehmeijer
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/ Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Schroeder K, Schuler BR, Kobulsky JM, Sarwer DB. The association between adverse childhood experiences and childhood obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13204. [PMID: 33506595 PMCID: PMC8192341 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with numerous physical and mental health issues in children and adults. The effect of ACEs on development of childhood obesity is less understood. This systematic review was undertaken to synthesize the quantitative research examining the relationship between ACEs and childhood obesity. PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched in July 2020; Rayyan was used to screen studies, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. The search resulted in 6,966 studies screened at title/abstract and 168 at full-text level. Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Study quality was moderate, with greatest risk of bias due to method of assessment of ACEs or sample attrition. Findings suggest ACEs are associated with childhood obesity. Girls may be more sensitive to obesity-related effects of ACEs than boys, sexual abuse appears to have a greater effect on childhood obesity than other ACEs, and co-occurrence of multiple ACEs may be associated with greater childhood obesity risk. Further, the effect of ACEs on development of childhood obesity may take 2-5 years to manifest. Considered collectively, findings suggest a need for greater attention to ACEs in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittany R. Schuler
- Temple University College of Public Health
- Temple University School of Social Work
| | - Julia M. Kobulsky
- Temple University College of Public Health
- Temple University School of Social Work
| | - David B. Sarwer
- Temple University College of Public Health
- Temple University Center for Obesity Research and Education
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8
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Adom T, Kengne AP, De Villiers A, Puoane T. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among African primary school learners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:487-502. [PMID: 31687173 PMCID: PMC6819980 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing trend in the global prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity presents a major public health challenge. This study reports the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school learners residing in Africa according to the different body mass index criteria and population level characteristics. METHODS A search of multiple databases was conducted to identify relevant research articles published between January 1980 and February 2017. Random effects models were used to pool prevalence data within and across population level characteristics after variance stabilization through arcsine transformation (PROSPERO registration number CRD42016035248). RESULTS Data from 45 studies across 15 African countries, and comprising 92,379 and 89,468 participants for overweight and obesity estimates were included. Estimated overweight and obesity prevalence differed significantly across criteria: 10.5% [95% confidence interval, CI: 7.1-14.3] and 6.1% [3.4-9.7] by World Health Organization; 9.5% [6.5-13.0] and 4.0% [2.5-5.9] by International Obesity Task Force; and 11.5% [9.6-13.4] and 6.9% [5.0-9.0] by Centre for Diseases Control, respectively (p = 0.0027 for overweight; p < 0.0001 for obesity). Estimates were mostly higher in urban, and private schools, but generally similar by gender, major geographic regions, publication year and sample size. Substantial heterogeneity in the estimates across and within criteria were not always explained by major study characteristics. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity are prevalent among African primary school learners, particularly those attending urban, and private schools. The results from this meta-analysis could be helpful in making informed decisions on childhood obesity prevention efforts in African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Adom
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health SciencesUniversity of Western CapeCape TownSouth Africa
- Nutrition Research CentreRadiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy CommissionAccraGhana
| | - A. P. Kengne
- Non‐communicable Disease Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - A. De Villiers
- Division of Research Capacity DevelopmentSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - T. Puoane
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health SciencesUniversity of Western CapeCape TownSouth Africa
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9
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Peckins MK, Negriff S, Schneiderman JU, Gordis EB, Susman EJ. The Moderating Role of Cortisol Reactivity on the Link Between Maltreatment and Body Mass Index Trajectory Across Adolescence. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:239-247. [PMID: 31043344 PMCID: PMC6650365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Child maltreatment increases risk for obesity, yet differential effects of maltreatment type remain unclear. Cortisol reactivity may help clarify these effects, given links among cortisol reactivity, maltreatment, and obesity. We examined these associations in boys and girls across adolescence. METHODS We collected data from 454 adolescents (212 girls) across four waves (aged 8-13 years at Time 1), including 303 maltreated youth. We modeled body mass index (BMI) percentile trajectories arrayed by age separately for boys and girls and tested whether cortisol reactivity at Time 1 moderated the association between maltreatment type and BMI growth. RESULTS In girls, cortisol reactivity moderated the association between maltreatment type and quadratic change in BMI. At low levels of cortisol, sexually abused girls had a steeper quadratic increase in BMI compared with comparison (-.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.09 to -.22) and physically abused (-.76, 95% CI -1.29, -.24) girls. At high levels of cortisol, sexually abused girls did not differ from comparison (.15, 95% CI -.40 to .70) or physically abused (.21, 95% CI -.38 to .80) girls in quadratic change in BMI. In boys, cortisol reactivity did not moderate the association between maltreatment type and BMI growth. CONCLUSIONS The combination of lower cortisol reactivity and sexual abuse may put girls at risk for BMI increase during later adolescence. Given the negative consequences of high BMI, identifying and intervening with these girls could lead to better health and well-being among this group. Cortisol reactivity may not play the same role among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Peckins
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Corresponding Author: Melissa K. Peckins, Mailing address: 1004 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, , Fax: 734-764-2580, Phone: 845-558-7198
| | - Sonya Negriff
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, California
| | - Janet U. Schneiderman
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Department of Nursing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elana B. Gordis
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | - Elizabeth J. Susman
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
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McKelvey LM, Saccente JE, Swindle TM. Adverse Childhood Experiences in Infancy and Toddlerhood Predict Obesity and Health Outcomes in Middle Childhood. Child Obes 2019; 15:206-215. [PMID: 30762431 PMCID: PMC7001385 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study articulated the negative effects of childhood trauma on adult weight and health. The purpose of the current study is to examine the associations between ACEs in infancy and toddlerhood and obesity and related health indicators in middle childhood. METHODS We used data collected from a sample of low-income families enrolled in the national evaluation of Early Head Start (EHS). Data come from 1335 demographically diverse families collected at or near children's ages 1, 2, 3, and 11. An EHS-ACE index was created based on interview and observation items from data collected at ages 1, 2, and 3, which were averaged to represent exposure across infancy and toddlerhood. At age 11, children's height and weight were measured and parents were asked about their child's health. RESULTS Children were exposed at rates of 30%, 28%, 15%, and 8% to one, two, three, and four or more EHS-ACEs, respectively. Logistic regressions revealed significant associations between EHS-ACEs in infancy/toddlerhood and obesity, respiratory problems, taking regular nonattention-related prescriptions, and the parent's global rating of children's health at age 11. Across all outcomes examined, children with four or more ACEs had the poorest health. Compared with children with no ACE exposure, the odds of each of the examined health outcomes were over twice as high for children who experienced four or more ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight that ACEs experienced very early in development are associated with children whose health is at risk later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M. McKelvey
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Jennifer E. Saccente
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Taren M. Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Yan L, Zhu Q, Tu X, Zuo X, Yu C, Lou C, Lian Q. Bullying victimization and child sexual abuse among left-behind and non-left-behind children in China. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4865. [PMID: 29888125 PMCID: PMC5991295 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bullying is one of the most important factors associated with child abuse. However, robust tests supporting the assumption that being bullied can contribute to child sexual abuse (CSA) among left-behind children (LBC) remain sparse. This study aims to investigate the association of bullying victimization with CSA among LBC in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in six middle schools of Sichuan and Anhui province in 2015. The bullying victimization was assessed by seven items from the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. The experience of CSA was measured by ten items CSA scale with good consistency. Results A total of 1,030 children met the sampling criteria, including 284 LBC and 746 non-LBC. The prevalence of CSA was 22.89% in LBC and 20.19% in non-LBC (p > 0.05). Bullying victimization was related to CSA among both LBC (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.52, 95% CI [1.34–4.73]) and non-LBC (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.58–3.53]). The association between bullying victimization and CSA was much higher among left-behind girls (left-behind girls: aOR = 7.36, 95% CI [2.16–24.99]; non-left-behind girls: aOR = 2.38, 95% CI [1.08–5.27]). Also, LBC of a young age (11–15), children with siblings, living in rural areas and non-traditional family structure who were bullied were more likely to suffer CSA than their non-LBC peers. Conclusions Bullying victimization is associated with a significant increase in CSA among both LBC and non-LBC. Anti-bullying programs should target vulnerable populations including female LBC and LBC with siblings to reduce the risk of CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Tu
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayun Zuo
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaohua Lou
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiguo Lian
- Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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