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Brown P, Hernandez K, Parsons C, Chen Y, Gould N, DePerno CS, Niedermeyer J, Kathariou S. Tetracycline resistance in Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua from wild black bears ( Ursus americanus) in the United States is mediated by novel transposable elements. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0120523. [PMID: 37888979 PMCID: PMC10686073 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01205-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes causes severe foodborne illness and is the only human pathogen in the genus Listeria. Previous surveys of AMR in Listeria focused on clinical sources and food or food processing environments, with AMR in strains from wildlife and other natural ecosystems remaining under-explored. We analyzed 185 sequenced strains from wild black bears (Ursus americanus) from the United States, including 158 and 27 L. monocytogenes and L. innocua, respectively. Tetracycline resistance was the most prevalent resistance trait. In L. monocytogenes, it was encountered exclusively in serotype 4b strains with the novel Tn916-like element Tn916.1039. In contrast, three distinct, novel tetracycline resistance elements (Tn5801.UAM, Tn5801.551, and Tn6000.205) were identified in L. innocua. Interestingly, Tn5801.551 was identical to elements in L. monocytogenes from a major foodborne outbreak in the United States in 2011. The findings suggest the importance of wildlife and non-pathogenic Listeria species as reservoir for resistance elements in Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Brown
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Hernandez
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cameron Parsons
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Gould
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey Niedermeyer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Rubini S, Baruffaldi M, Taddei R, D'Annunzio G, Scaltriti E, Tambassi M, Menozzi I, Bondesan G, Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Corazzola G, Savini F, Indio V, Serraino A, Giacometti F. Loggerhead Sea Turtle as Possible Source of Transmission for Zoonotic Listeriosis in the Marine Environment. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050344. [PMID: 37235427 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous pathogen isolated from different host species including fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, but it is rarely a pathogenic microorganism to marine reptiles. In particular, only two cases of fatal disseminated listeriosis have been described in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). In this study, we describe a lethal case of L. monocytogenes infection in a loggerhead sea turtle. The turtle was found alive, stranded on a beach in North-eastern Italy, but perished soon after being rescued. The autoptic examination revealed that heart, lung, liver, spleen, and urinary bladder were disseminated with multiple, firm, 0.1-0.5 mm sized, nodular, white-green lesions. Microscopically, these lesions corresponded with heterophilic granulomas with Gram+ bacteria within the necrotic center. Furthermore, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain was negative for acid-fast organisms. Colonies isolated from heart and liver were tested through MALDI-TOF for species identification, revealing the presence of L. monocytogenes. Whole Genome Sequencing on L. monocytogenes isolates was performed and the subsequent in silico genotyping revealed the belonging to Sequence Type 6 (ST 6); the virulence profile was evaluated, showing the presence of pathogenicity islands commonly observed in ST 6. Our results further confirm that L. monocytogenes should be posed in differential diagnosis in case of nodular lesions of loggerhead sea turtles; thus, given the zoonotic potential of the microorganism, animals should be treated with particular caution. In addition, wildlife animals can play an active role as carriers of possibly pathogenetic and virulent strains and contribute to the distribution of L. monocytogenes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Rubini
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matilde Baruffaldi
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Taddei
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Annunzio
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Tambassi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menozzi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Bondesan
- Independent Contractor Veterinary and Delta Rescue President, 44020 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corazzola
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Fulano AM, Elbakush AM, Chen LH, Gomelsky M. The Listeria monocytogenes exopolysaccharide significantly enhances colonization and survival on fresh produce. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126940. [PMID: 37180237 PMCID: PMC10172500 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh produce contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes has caused major listeriosis outbreaks in the last decades. Our knowledge about components of the listerial biofilms formed on fresh produce and their roles in causing foodborne illness remains incomplete. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the role of the listerial Pss exopolysaccharide (EPS) in plant surface colonization and stress tolerance. Pss is the main component of L. monocytogenes biofilms synthesized at elevated levels of the second messenger c-di-GMP. We developed a new biofilm model, whereby L. monocytogenes EGD-e and its derivatives are grown in the liquid minimal medium in the presence of pieces of wood or fresh produce. After 48-h incubation, the numbers of colony forming units of the Pss-synthesizing strain on pieces of wood, cantaloupe, celery and mixed salads were 2-12-fold higher, compared to the wild-type strain. Colonization of manmade materials, metals and plastics, was largely unaffected by the presence of Pss. The biofilms formed by the EPS-synthesizing strain on cantaloupe rind were 6-16-fold more tolerant of desiccation, which resembles conditions of whole cantaloupe storage and transportation. Further, listeria in the EPS-biofilms survived exposure to low pH, a condition encountered by bacteria on the contaminated produce during passage through the stomach, by 11-116-fold better than the wild-type strain. We surmise that L. monocytogenes strains synthesizing Pss EPS have an enormous, 102-104-fold, advantage over the non-synthesizing strains in colonizing fresh produce, surviving during storage and reaching small intestines of consumers where they may cause disease. The magnitude of the EPS effect calls for better understanding of factors inducing Pss synthesis and suggests that prevention of listerial EPS-biofilms may significantly enhance fresh produce safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Fulano
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | | | - Li-Hong Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Mark Gomelsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark Gomelsky,
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Ferguson M, Hsu CK, Grim C, Kauffman M, Jarvis K, Pettengill JB, Babu US, Harrison LM, Li B, Hayford A, Balan KV, Freeman JP, Rajashekara G, Lipp EK, Rozier RS, Zimeri AM, Burall LS. A longitudinal study to examine the influence of farming practices and environmental factors on pathogen prevalence using structural equation modeling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141043. [PMID: 37089556 PMCID: PMC10117993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The contamination of fresh produce with foodborne pathogens has been an on-going concern with outbreaks linked to these commodities. Evaluation of farm practices, such as use of manure, irrigation water source, and other factors that could influence pathogen prevalence in the farming environment could lead to improved mitigation strategies to reduce the potential for contamination events. Soil, water, manure, and compost were sampled from farms in Ohio and Georgia to identify the prevalence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), Campylobacter, and Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), as well as Arcobacter, an emerging human pathogen. This study investigated agricultural practices to determine which influenced pathogen prevalence, i.e., the percent positive samples. These efforts identified a low prevalence of Salmonella, STEC, and Campylobacter in soil and water (< 10%), preventing statistical modeling of these pathogens. However, Lm and Arcobacter were found in soil (13 and 7%, respectively), manure (49 and 32%, respectively), and water samples (18 and 39%, respectively) at a comparatively higher prevalence, suggesting different dynamics are involved in their survival in the farm environment. Lm and Arcobacter prevalence data, soil chemical characteristics, as well as farm practices and weather, were analyzed using structural equation modeling to identify which factors play a role, directly or indirectly, on the prevalence of these pathogens. These analyses identified an association between pathogen prevalence and weather, as well as biological soil amendments of animal origin. Increasing air temperature increased Arcobacter and decreased Lm. Lm prevalence was found to be inversely correlated with the use of surface water for irrigation, despite a high Lm prevalence in surface water suggesting other factors may play a role. Furthermore, Lm prevalence increased when the microbiome's Simpson's Diversity Index decreased, which occurred as soil fertility increased, leading to an indirect positive effect for soil fertility on Lm prevalence. These results suggest that pathogen, environment, and farm management practices, in addition to produce commodities, all need to be considered when developing mitigation strategies. The prevalence of Arcobacter and Lm versus the other pathogens suggests that multiple mitigation strategies may need to be employed to control these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Ferguson
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Chiun-Kang Hsu
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Grim
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Michael Kauffman
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Karen Jarvis
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - James B. Pettengill
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Uma S. Babu
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Lisa M. Harrison
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Baoguang Li
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Alice Hayford
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Kannan V. Balan
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Josefina P. Freeman
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ralph Scott Rozier
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anne Marie Zimeri
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Laurel S. Burall
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Laurel S. Burall,
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Piveteau P, Druilhe C, Aissani L. What on earth? The impact of digestates and composts from farm effluent management on fluxes of foodborne pathogens in agricultural lands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156693. [PMID: 35700775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of biomass is the cornerstone of sustainable development in the bioeconomy. In this context, digestates and composts from processed agricultural residues and biomasses are returned to the soil. Whether or not the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in these processed biomasses is a threat to the sustainability of the current on-farm practices is still the subject of debate. In this review, we describe the microbial pathogens that may be present in digestates and composts. We then provide an overview of the current European regulation designed to mitigate health hazards linked to the use of organic fertilisers and soil improvers produced from farm biomasses and residues. Finally, we discuss the many factors that underlie the fate of microbial pathogens in the field. We argue that incorporating land characteristics in the management of safety issues connected with the spreading of organic fertilisers and soil improvers can improve the sustainability of biomass recycling.
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Listeria Species Occurrence and Associated Risk Factors and Antibiogram of Listeria Monocytogenes in Milk and Milk Products in Ambo, Holeta, and Bako Towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:5643478. [PMID: 35465403 PMCID: PMC9023178 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5643478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of Listeria species and assess the antibiogram of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) isolated from milk and milk products from Holeta, Ambo, and Bako towns, Ethiopia. A total of 482 samples (384 milk, 35 cottage cheeses, 30 bulk tank milk, and 33 curdle milk) were collected using a systematic random sampling method and isolation and identification of Listeria species were done using standard microbiological techniques. An antimicrobial susceptibility test for L. monocytogenes was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the prevalence of Listeria, while the Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the association between the prevalence of Listeria and the risk factors and the magnitude of association, respectively. The overall isolation rate of Listeria species from milk and milk products was 7.67% (37/482; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.46, 10.42). The highest prevalence of Listeria species (15.15%; 95% CI: 5.11–31.90) was detected in bulk tank milk and the lowest prevalence of Listeria species (6.67%; 95% CI: 0.82–22.07) and L. monocytogenes (0.00; 95% CI: 0.00–1.15) was found in curdled milk. The other species isolated were Listeria welshimeri 0.62% (3/482; 95% CI: 0.13–1.81), Listeria seeligeri 1.04% (5/482; 95% CI: 0.33–2.40), Listeria ivanovi 1.24%, (6/482; 95% CI: 0.45–2.68), and Listeria grayi 2.49% (12/482; 95% CI: 5.46–10.42). Univariable logistic regression showed that study town, herd size, farm size, number of lactating cows, and management system were the factors significantly associated with the isolation of Listeria species at farm level, while the intensive management system was the independent predictor at cow level in the multivariable model (adjusted odds ratio = 3.38, P=0.046). L. monocytogenes isolates showed the highest resistance against oxacillin (100%), amoxicillin (90.91%), and vancomycine (81.82%). L. monocytogenes showed a very high multidrug resistance (MDR) [81.82%]. In conclusion, the current study showed the widespread type of Listeria species MDR L. monocytogenes isolates in cow raw milk and milk products from Ambo, Holeta, and Bako towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
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Chen T, Orsi RH, Chen R, Gunderson M, Roof S, Wiedmann M, Childs-Sanford SE, Cummings KJ. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from wildlife in central New York. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1319-1329. [PMID: 35113496 PMCID: PMC9122436 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) present in farming soil and food‐processing facilities threatens food safety, but little is known about the carriage of Lm by wildlife. Objectives We estimated the prevalence of faecal Lm shedding among wildlife admitted to a veterinary medical teaching hospital in central New York and characterized a subset of the Lm isolates. Methods Wildlife samples were collected between May 2018 and December 2019. We characterized the Lm isolates by assessing the growth at three temperatures approximating the body temperatures of reptiles (25°C), mammals (37°C), and birds (42°C) and identifying genotypic characteristics related to transmission and virulence. Results The apparent prevalence of faecal Lm shedding was 5.6% [18/324; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.3%–8.6%]. Among 13 isolates that represented two lineages and 11 clonal complexes, three and five isolates were grouped into the same SNP clusters with human clinical isolates and environmental isolates, respectively. However, specific SNP difference data showed that Lm from wildlife was generally not closely related (>22 SNP differences) to Lm from human clinical sources and the food‐processing environment. While the stress response locus SSI‐2 was absent, SSI‐1 was found in four isolates. Virulence genes prfA, plcA, hly, mpl, actA, plcB, inlA, inlB, inlC, inlE, inlH, inlJ, and inlK were present, without any premature stop codons, in all isolates. Virulence loci Listeria pathogenicity island 3 (LIPI‐3) and LIPI‐4, which have been linked to hypervirulence, and inlG were found in four, three, and seven isolates, respectively. Conclusions Wildlife represents a potential reservoir for genetically diverse and putatively hypervirulent Lm strains. No statistically significant association between growth parameters and hosts was observed. However, compared to lineage I isolates, lineage II isolates showed significantly (p < 0.05) faster growth at 25°C and significantly slower growth at 42°C, suggesting that wildlife Lm isolates that belong to lineages I and II differ in their ability to grow at 25°C and 42°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Renato H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Maureen Gunderson
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sherry Roof
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sara E Childs-Sanford
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Cummings
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Bagatella S, Tavares-Gomes L, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes at the interface between ruminants and humans: A comparative pathology and pathogenesis review. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:186-210. [PMID: 34856818 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. Lm is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of Lm by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in Lm pathogenesis research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bagatella
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hafner L, Pichon M, Burucoa C, Nusser SHA, Moura A, Garcia-Garcera M, Lecuit M. Listeria monocytogenes faecal carriage is common and depends on the gut microbiota. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6826. [PMID: 34819495 PMCID: PMC8613254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria genus comprises two pathogenic species, L. monocytogenes (Lm) and L. ivanovii, and non-pathogenic species. All can thrive as saprophytes, whereas only pathogenic species cause systemic infections. Identifying Listeria species' respective biotopes is critical to understand the ecological contribution of Listeria virulence. In order to investigate the prevalence and abundance of Listeria species in various sources, we retrieved and analyzed 16S rRNA datasets from MG-RAST metagenomic database. 26% of datasets contain Listeria sensu stricto sequences, and Lm is the most prevalent species, most abundant in soil and host-associated environments, including 5% of human stools. Lm is also detected in 10% of human stool samples from an independent cohort of 900 healthy asymptomatic donors. A specific microbiota signature is associated with Lm faecal carriage, both in humans and experimentally inoculated mice, in which it precedes Lm faecal carriage. These results indicate that Lm faecal carriage is common and depends on the gut microbiota, and suggest that Lm faecal carriage is a crucial yet overlooked consequence of its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hafner
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Pichon
- University Hospital of Poitiers, Infectious Agents Department, Bacteriology and Infection Control Laboratory, 86021, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4331, 86022, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Inserm U1070, 86022, Poitiers, France
| | - Christophe Burucoa
- University Hospital of Poitiers, Infectious Agents Department, Bacteriology and Infection Control Laboratory, 86021, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4331, 86022, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Inserm U1070, 86022, Poitiers, France
| | - Sophie H A Nusser
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marc Garcia-Garcera
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Microbiology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015, Paris, France.
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, 75015, Paris, France.
- Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, Institut Imagine, 75006, Paris, France.
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El-Zamkan MA, Hendy BA, Diab HM, Marraiki N, Batiha GES, Saber H, Younis W, Thangamani S, Alzahrani KJ, Ahmed AS. Control of Virulent Listeria monocytogenes Originating from Dairy Products and Cattle Environment Using Marine Algal Extracts, Silver Nanoparticles Thereof, and Quaternary Disinfectants. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2721-2739. [PMID: 34290510 PMCID: PMC8289371 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s300593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen of public- and animal-health concern globally. The persistence of L. monocytogenes in the dairy-processing environment has multifactorial causes, including lack of hygiene, inefficient cleaning, and improper disinfection practices. Materials and Methods A total of 300 dairy-product and environmental samples were collected from dairy-cattle facilities and local dairy shops and vendors in Qena, Egypt. Samples were screened for the incidence of Listeria spp. and to detect virulence determinants and disinfectant-resistance genes. Three marine algal species - Caulerpa racemosa, Jania rubens, and Padina pavonica - were collected from Hurghada on the Red Sea coast. Algal extracts were screened using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of some marine algal extracts, nanoparticles derived therefrom, and some disinfectants against L. monocytogenes strains were assessed in vitro using agar-well diffusion and liquid-broth methods. The impact of P. pavonica extract on the growth and survival of virulent L. monocytogenes in cheese and whey were clarified. Results and Discussion The incidence of L. monocytogenes in dairy products and environmental samples was 15.5% and 19%, respectively. The most common toxigenic gene profile found among the isolates was hlyA +-inlA +-prfA +. The sensitivity pattern of L. monocytogenes strains to disinfectant containing alkyl (C12-16) dimethyl BAC was high compared to other tested quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) disinfectants tested, which showed lower log reductions against resistant strains. The QAC disinfectant-resistance gene qacH was detected in 40% of the isolates. Potent bactericidal activity of a petroleum ether extract of P. pavonica and silver nanoparticles of P. pavonica were obtained against the virulent L. monocytogenes strain. The population of L. monocytogenes in cheese curd and whey after 14 days was reduced at a rate of 9 log CFU/g and 8 log CFU/mL, respectively due to the effect of P. pavonica extract. After 28 days of storage, L. monocytogenes was completely inactivated in those dairy products. Conclusion P. pavonica extract showed promising antimicrobial properties, calling for further comprehensive studies prior to it being applied in the food industry to enhance the safety, quality, and shelf life of products and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A El-Zamkan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Bassma A Hendy
- Reference Lab for Food Safety, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mahmoud Diab
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Environment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Najat Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Al-Beheira 22511, Egypt
| | - Hani Saber
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Waleed Younis
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Shaban Ahmed
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Elements in the LftR Repressor Operator Interface Contributing to Regulation of Aurantimycin Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:JB.00503-20. [PMID: 33649145 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00503-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes ubiquitously occurs in the environment but can cause severe invasive disease in susceptible individuals when ingested. We recently identified the L. monocytogenes genes lieAB and lftRS, encoding a multidrug resistance ABC transporter and a regulatory module, respectively. These genes jointly mediate resistance against aurantimycin, an antibiotic produced by the soil-dwelling species Streptomyces aurantiacus, and thus contribute to the survival of L. monocytogenes in its natural habitat, the soil. Repression of lieAB and lftRS is exceptionally tight but strongly induced in the presence of aurantimycin. Repression depends on LftR, which belongs to subfamily 2 of the PadR-like transcriptional repressors. To better understand this interesting class of transcriptional repressors, we here deduce the LftR operator sequence from a systematic truncation and mutation analysis of the P lieAB promoter. The sequence identified is also present in the P lftRS promoter but not found elsewhere in the chromosome. Mutational analysis of the putative operator in the P lftRS promoter confirmed its relevance for LftR-dependent repression. The proposed operator sequence was sufficient for DNA binding by LftR in vitro, and a mutation in this sequence affected aurantimycin resistance. Our results provide further insights into the transcriptional adaptation of an important human pathogen to survive the conditions in its natural reservoir.IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes is an environmental bacterium that lives in the soil but can infect humans upon ingestion, and this can lead to severe invasive disease. Adaptation to these entirely different habitats involves massive reprogramming of transcription. Among the differentially expressed genes is the lieAB operon, which encodes a transporter for the detoxification of aurantimycin, an antimicrobial compound produced by soil-dwelling competitors. While lieAB is important for survival in the environment, its expression is detrimental during infection. We here identify critical elements in the lieAB promoter and its transcriptional regulator LftR that contribute to habitat-specific expression of the lieAB genes. These results further clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the aurantimycin resistance of L. monocytogenes.
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12
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Spor A, Camargo ARO, Bru D, Gaba S, Garmyn D, Gal L, Piveteau P. Habitat Disturbances Modulate the Barrier Effect of Resident Soil Microbiota on Listeria monocytogenes Invasion Success. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:927. [PMID: 32547502 PMCID: PMC7270165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities are continuously exposed to the arrival of alien species. In complex environments such as soil, the success of invasion depends on the characteristics of the habitat, especially the diversity and structure of the residing bacterial communities. While most data available on microbial invasion relies on experiments run under constant conditions, the fate of invading species when the habitat faces disturbances has not yet been addressed. Here, we designed experiments to assess the consequences of habitat disturbance on the success of ongoing microbial invasion. We investigated (i) if disturbance-induced alterations in resident microbial communities could mitigate or facilitate invasion of Listeria monocytogenes, (ii) if disturbance itself could either improve or reduce the invader's fitness and (iii) if the invading species alters the structure of indigenous microbial communities. Our data show that environmental disturbances affect invasion patterns of L. monocytogenes in soils. Intriguingly, successful invasion was recorded in a regimen of disturbances that triggered small changes in microbial community structure while maintaining high bacterial diversity. On the opposite, dramatic decline of the invader was recorded when disturbance resulted in emergence of specific communities albeit concomitant with a diversity loss. This suggests that community composition is more important than its diversity when it comes to prevent the establishment of an invading species. Finally, shifts in bacterial communities during the disturbance event were strengthened by the presence of the invader indicating a major impact of invasion on microbial diversity when the habitat faces disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymé Spor
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Angela Rocio Ortiz Camargo
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - David Bru
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sabrina Gaba
- USC 1339, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, INRAE, Villiers-en-Bois, France.,CNRS, UMR 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - Dominique Garmyn
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Gal
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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13
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Misra G, Gibson KE. Survival of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Javiana and Listeria monocytogenes is dependent on type of soil-free microgreen cultivation matrix. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1720-1732. [PMID: 32396260 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study measured the survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Javiana over a 10-day period on four soil-free cultivation matrix (SFCM) types in the absence of microgreens and fertilizers. METHODS AND RESULTS Coco coir (CC), a Sphagnum peat/vermiculite mix, Biostrate® and hemp mat samples were inoculated with 3 × 106 CFU per ml bacteria, incubated at room temperature, and analysed on day 0, 1, 3, 6, and 10. Statistically significant differences in pathogen survival were observed across multiple time points for hemp and Biostrate compared to CC, peat and bacteria in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (P < 0·05). S. Javiana showed greater overall survival compared to Listeria (P < 0·0002). By day 10, S. Javiana persisted at the initial inoculum concentration for hemp and Biostrate while declining by 1-2 log CFU per ml in CC, peat and PBS. Listeria also persisted at the initial concentration in hemp and Biostrate but decreased to 1 log CFU per ml in peat and below the detection limit in CC and PBS. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there are survival differences between bacterial pathogens in SFCM used in microgreen production systems. To our knowledge, this is the first comparison of survival among SFCM involving a S. enterica serovar and L. monocytogenes, and the first study comparing CC, Biostrate and hemp. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microgreens production systems predominantly utilize soil alternatives, and it is not well-understood how pathogen transmission risk may be affected by the type of SFCM. The results of this study impact the microgreen industry as media selection may be used to reduce the risk of bacterial pathogen proliferation and transmission to the plant potentially resulting in potential foodborne illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Misra
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - K E Gibson
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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14
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Parsons C, Niedermeyer J, Gould N, Brown P, Strules J, Parsons AW, Bernardo Mesa‐Cruz J, Kelly MJ, Hooker MJ, Chamberlain MJ, Olfenbuttel C, DePerno C, Kathariou S. Listeria monocytogenes at the human-wildlife interface: black bears (Ursus americanus) as potential vehicles for Listeria. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:706-721. [PMID: 31713354 PMCID: PMC7111103 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the foodborne illness listeriosis, which can result in severe symptoms and death in susceptible humans and other animals. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and isolates from food and food processing, and clinical sources have been extensively characterized. However, limited information is available on L. monocytogenes from wildlife, especially from urban or suburban settings. As urban and suburban areas are expanding worldwide, humans are increasingly encroaching into wildlife habitats, enhancing the frequency of human-wildlife contacts and associated pathogen transfer events. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes in 231 wild black bear capture events between 2014 and 2017 in urban and suburban sites in North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia and United States, with samples derived from 183 different bears. Of the 231 captures, 105 (45%) yielded L. monocytogenes either alone or together with other Listeria. Analysis of 501 samples, primarily faeces, rectal and nasal swabs for Listeria spp., yielded 777 isolates, of which 537 (70%) were L. monocytogenes. Most L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited serotypes commonly associated with human disease: serotype 1/2a or 3a (57%), followed by the serotype 4b complex (33%). Interestingly, approximately 50% of the serotype 4b isolates had the IVb-v1 profile, associated with emerging clones of L. monocytogenes. Thus, black bears may serve as novel vehicles for L. monocytogenes, including potentially emerging clones. Our results have significant public health implications as they suggest that the ursine host may preferentially select for L. monocytogenes of clinically relevant lineages over the diverse listerial populations in the environment. These findings also help to elucidate the ecology of L. monocytogenes and highlight the public health significance of the human-wildlife interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Parsons
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jeff Niedermeyer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Nicholas Gould
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Phillip Brown
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jennifer Strules
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Arielle W. Parsons
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNCUSA
| | - J. Bernardo Mesa‐Cruz
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
- Department of BiologyElizabethtown CollegeElizabethtownPAUSA
| | - Marcella J. Kelly
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Michael J. Hooker
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | | | | | - Christopher DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
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15
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of different preservation techniques on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by using challenge testing protocol in the fresh, soft cheese - paneer. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Garabed RB, Jolles A, Garira W, Lanzas C, Gutierrez J, Rempala G. Multi-scale dynamics of infectious diseases. Interface Focus 2019. [DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the challenge of multiscale dynamics of infectious diseases, the Mathematical Biosciences Institute organized a workshop at The Ohio State University to bring together scientists from a variety of disciplines to share expertise gained through looking at infectious diseases across different scales. The researchers at the workshop, held in April 2018, were specifically looking at three model systems: foot-and-mouth disease, vector-borne diseases and enteric diseases. Although every multiscale model must be necessarily derived from a multiscale system, not every multiscale system has to lead to multiscale models. These three model systems seem to have produced a variety of both multiscale and integrated single-scale mechanistic models that have developed their own strengths and particular challenges. Here, we present papers from some of the workshop participants to show the breadth of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Garabed
- College of Veterinary Medicine–Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Jolles
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Winston Garira
- Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | | | - Juan Gutierrez
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- College of Public Health–Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences–Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Kulesh R, Shinde SV, Khan WA, Chaudhari SP, Patil AR, Kurkure NV, Paliwal N, Likhite AV, Zade N, Barbuddhe SB. The occurrence ofListeria monocytogenesin goats, farm environment and invertebrates. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1660836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kulesh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - S. V. Shinde
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - W. A. Khan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - S. P. Chaudhari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - A. R. Patil
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - N. V. Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - Neha Paliwal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - Amrut V. Likhite
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
| | - N.N. Zade
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, India
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Hauf S, Möller L, Fuchs S, Halbedel S. PadR-type repressors controlling production of a non-canonical FtsW/RodA homologue and other trans-membrane proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10023. [PMID: 31296881 PMCID: PMC6624303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes occurs ubiquitously in the environment and infects humans upon ingestion. It encodes four PadR-like repressors, out of which LftR has been characterized previously and was shown to control gene expression in response to the antibiotic aurantimycin produced by other environmental bacteria. To better understand the PadR regulons of L. monocytogenes, we performed RNA-sequencing with mutants of the other three repressors LadR, LstR and Lmo0599. We show that LadR is primarily responsible for the regulation of the mdrL gene, encoding an efflux pump, while LstR and Lmo0599 mainly regulate their own operons. The lstR operon contains the lmo0421 gene, encoding a homolog of the RodA/FtsW protein family. However, this protein does not possess such functionality, as we demonstrate here. The lmo0599 operon contains two additional genes coding for the hypothetical trans-membrane proteins lmo0600 and lmo0601. A striking phenotype of the lmo0599 mutant is its impaired growth at refrigeration temperature. In light of these and other results we suggest that Lmo0599 should be renamed and propose LltR (listerial low temperature regulator) as its new designation. Based on the nature of the PadR target genes we assume that these repressors collectively respond to compounds acting on the cellular envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hauf
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Lars Möller
- ZBS 4 - Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- FG13 Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany.
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19
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Wu H, Qiao S, Li D, Guo L, Zhu M, Ma LZ. Crystal structure of the glycoside hydrolase PssZ from Listeria monocytogenes. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:501-506. [PMID: 31282870 PMCID: PMC6613446 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19008100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial communities that are embedded in the extracellular matrix. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a key component of the biofilm matrix that maintains the structure of the biofilm and protects the bacteria from antimicrobials. Microbial glycoside hydrolases have been exploited to disrupt biofilms by breaking down EPSs. PssZ has recently been identified as a glycoside hydrolase that can disperse aggregates of Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, the crystal structure of PssZ has been determined at 1.6 Å resolution. PssZ belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 8 and adopts a classical (α/α)6-barrel fold. This architecture forms a deep groove which may serve as the substrate-binding pocket. The conserved catalytic residues (Glu72, Trp110, Asn119, Phe167, Tyr183 and Asp232) are localized at the centre of the groove. This crystal structure will help to improve the understanding of the hydrolytic mechanism of PssZ and its application as a biofilm disrupter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Qiao
- Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Defeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Luyan Z. Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Comparison between random forest and gradient boosting machine methods for predicting Listeria spp. prevalence in the environment of pastured poultry farms. Food Res Int 2019; 122:47-55. [PMID: 31229101 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens such as Listeria spp. contain the ability to survive and multiply in poultry farming environments, which provides a route of contamination for poultry processing environments and final poultry products. An understanding of the effect of meteorological variables on the prevalence of Listeria spp. in the farming environment is lacking. Soil and feces samples were collected from 11 pastured poultry farms from 2014 to 2017. Random forest (RF) and gradient boosting machine (GBM) predictive models were generated to describe and predict Listeria spp. prevalence in feces and soil samples based on meteorological factors at the farming location. This study attempted to demonstrate the use of GBM models in a food safety context and compare their use to RF models. Both feces models performed very well, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.905 and 0.855 for the RF and GBM models, respectively. The soil GBM model outperformed the RF model with AUCs of 0.873 and 0.700, respectively. The developed models can be used to predict the prevalence of Listeria spp. in pastured poultry farm environments and should be of great use to poultry farmers, producers, and risk managers.
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Golden CE, Rothrock MJ, Mishra A. Using Farm Practice Variables as Predictors of Listeria spp. Prevalence in Pastured Poultry Farms. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Abstract
For nearly a century the use of antibiotics to treat infectious diseases has benefited human and animal health. In recent years there has been an increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, in part attributed to the overuse of compounds in clinical and farming settings. The genus Listeria currently comprises 17 recognized species found throughout the environment. Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis in humans and many vertebrate species, including birds, whereas Listeria ivanovii causes infections mainly in ruminants. L. monocytogenes is the third-most-common cause of death from food poisoning in humans, and infection occurs in at-risk groups, including pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
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Abay S, Çakır Bayram L, Aydin F, Müştak HK, Diker KS, Erol İ. Pathogenicity, genotyping and antibacterial susceptibility of the Listeria spp. recovered from stray dogs. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:123-133. [PMID: 30381253 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. in stray dogs in the Kayseri province of Turkey. In addition, serotyping, genotyping and virulence gene analysis of the isolated Listeria spp. were performed and their pathogenicity and antibacterial susceptibility were investigated. The study included 80 rectal swaps taken from 80 stray dogs of different ages and gender that were sheltered in the Kayseri Municipal Dog Shelter. Listeria selective broth and Listeria selective agar were used for the isolation of Listeria spp. and the isolates were identified using a Microbact 12L (Oxoid, England) identification test kit. 16S rDNA sequencing and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for molecular identification of the isolates, multiplex PCR and a serological test were performed for serotyping, and PCR was used for virulence gene analysis. For determining the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua isolates, a total of 100 mice (50 pregnant and 50 non-pregnant) were used. The mice were infected intraperitoneally; the inoculation dose was 1 × 109 CFU/mL and 0.2 mL was used for each animal. Tissue samples obtained from infected mice were processed for the re-isolation of the Listeria spp. and then stained with hematoxylin eosin and Brown-Brenn Gram stain. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the disk diffusion method. Listeria spp. were isolated from 5 (6.25%) of the 80 fecal samples. While 1 of the isolates was identified as L. monocytogenes, 4 of them were identified as L. innocua. Serotyping by serological and molecular methods revealed the isolate of L. monocytogenes to be serotype 1/2a. According to the phylogenetic trees, L. innocua and L. monocytogenes strains were clustered in different groups. The L. monocytogenes isolate was positive for all virulence genes tested. All L. innocua isolates were positive for the plcB gene. While all L. innocua isolates were negative for the lin1068 gene, 3 L. innocua isolates were found to be positive for the lin0558 gene. In mice infected with L. monocytogenes, pathological findings were observed in the uterus, intestines, pancreas, and heart. In mice infected with L. innocua, pathological findings were observed in the stomach, intestines and spleen. L. monocytogenes- or L. innocua-related infections or other inflammatory reactions were not observed in the brains of infected animals. On histopathological examination with Gram stain, an abundance of Listeria spp. was observed in the lesions of the liver, spleen, uterus, and kidney. Moreover, while abortion was observed in all animals infected with L. monocytogenes, it was not observed in any of the animals infected with L. innocua. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all 5 isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and were resistant to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and cefuroxime sodium. Considering also the pathogenicity of the isolated microorganisms, it can be suggested that stray dogs as carriers of Listeria spp. are a significant risk to public health. As L. innocua isolates, which are considered apathogenic, led to the occurrence of lesions similar to those caused by L. monocytogenes, detailed studies on the pathogenesis of L. innocua infections caused by L. innocua isolates recovered from various sources are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Abay
- Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamit Kaan Müştak
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadir Serdar Diker
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrfan Erol
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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Matto C, Varela G, Braga V, Vico V, Gianneechini RE, Rivero R. Detection of Listeria spp. in cattle and environment of pasture-based dairy farms. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to detect Listeria spp., particularly Listeria monocytogenes, in cattle and environment of pasture based dairy farms in Paysandú, Uruguay. A two-stage sampling was conducted, 10 farms were selected by probability proportional to size. A single visit was made to each farm. Samples from bovine faeces, feedstuffs, bulk tank milk, drinking water and soil from the entry and exit pens of the milking parlour were collected for bacteriological studies. PCR assays were used to confirm species and determine the serotype profile of L. monocytogenes isolates. AscI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was done to genetically compare them. Listeria spp. were isolated from eight of ten dairy farms, whereas L. monocytogenes in three of them. Serotype distribution in L. monocytogenes was as follows: 1/2a, three isolates; 4b, one isolate. L. monocytogenes or L. innocua excreted from clinically healthy milking cows was detected via faeces. In feedstuffs, only one L. monocytogenes 1/2a isolate from a pasture was obtained. The strain was identical by PFGE to an isolate 1/2a obtained from a pool of milking cow feces that grazed on this farm. No isolation of Listeria spp. was retrieved from the bulk tank milk or drinking water from any of the farms. Listeria innocua was detected in 13 feedstuffs and seven samples of soil from the entry and exit pens of the milking parlour. This is a first local study that confirms the presence of Listeria spp. including L. monocytogenes in healthy cattle and environment of pasture-based dairy farms. These results suggest the potential role that healthy cattle and their sub-products would play as a source of these agents for humans and/or others animals. More detailed studies that include genetic comparison of human and animal isolates are required in order to clearly establish the epidemiological relationship.
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Zilelidou EA, Skandamis PN. Growth, detection and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes in the presence of other microorganisms: microbial interactions from species to strain level. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 277:10-25. [PMID: 29677551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Like with all food microorganisms, many basic aspects of L. monocytogenes life are likely to be influenced by its interactions with bacteria living in close proximity. This pathogenic bacterium is a major concern both for the food industry and health organizations since it is ubiquitous and able to withstand harsh environmental conditions. Due to the ubiquity of Listeria monocytogenes, various strains may contaminate foods at different stages of the supply chain. Consequently, simultaneous exposure of consumers to multiple strains is also possible. In this context even strain-to-strain interactions of L. monocytogenes play a significant role in fundamental processes for the life of the pathogen, such as growth or virulence, and subsequently compromise food safety, affect the evolution of a potential infection, or even introduce bias in the detection by classical enrichment techniques. This article summarizes the impact of microbial interactions on the growth and detection of L. monocytogenes primarily in foods and food-associated environments. Furthermore it provides an overview of L. monocytogenes virulence in the presence of other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia A Zilelidou
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Skandamis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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Prevalence and methodologies for detection, characterization and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in foods and environmental sources. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Matto C, Varela G, Mota MI, Gianneechini R, Rivero R. Rhombencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a pastured bull. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:228-231. [PMID: 28166691 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716689116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A pastured 2-y-old cross-breed bull developed brainstem encephalitis (rhombencephalitis); Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the brain. In the brainstem, there was perivascular cuffing, multiple microabscesses, and positive immunostaining for L. monocytogenes. Samples of bovine feces, water, feedstuffs, milking parlor soil, and bulk tank milk were collected from the dairy farm. Seven isolates of the genus Listeria were obtained, 6 of L. innocua and 1 of L. monocytogenes, which was found in the pasture where the bull grazed. Both isolates belonged to serotype 4b and were positive for internalins A, C, and J. According to the DNA fragment patterns of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the isolates were closely related. The source of infection was the pasture, implying that listeriosis should not be discounted in cases with compatible clinical signs but the absence of silage feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Matto
- Facultad de Veterinaria (Matto) and Instituto de Higiene Facultad de Medicina (Varela, Mota), Universidad de la República, Uruguay.,Laboratorio Regional Noroeste DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino", Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Uruguay (Gianneechini, Rivero)
| | - Gustavo Varela
- Facultad de Veterinaria (Matto) and Instituto de Higiene Facultad de Medicina (Varela, Mota), Universidad de la República, Uruguay.,Laboratorio Regional Noroeste DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino", Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Uruguay (Gianneechini, Rivero)
| | - María Inés Mota
- Facultad de Veterinaria (Matto) and Instituto de Higiene Facultad de Medicina (Varela, Mota), Universidad de la República, Uruguay.,Laboratorio Regional Noroeste DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino", Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Uruguay (Gianneechini, Rivero)
| | - Ruben Gianneechini
- Facultad de Veterinaria (Matto) and Instituto de Higiene Facultad de Medicina (Varela, Mota), Universidad de la República, Uruguay.,Laboratorio Regional Noroeste DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino", Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Uruguay (Gianneechini, Rivero)
| | - Rodolfo Rivero
- Facultad de Veterinaria (Matto) and Instituto de Higiene Facultad de Medicina (Varela, Mota), Universidad de la República, Uruguay.,Laboratorio Regional Noroeste DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino", Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Uruguay (Gianneechini, Rivero)
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Fayemi PO, Öztürk I, Özcan C, Muguruma M, Yetim H, Sakata R, Ahhmed A. Antimicrobial activity of extracts of Callistemon citrinus flowers and leaves against Listeria monocytogenes in beef burger. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stein R, Chirilã M. Routes of Transmission in the Food Chain. FOODBORNE DISEASES 2017. [PMCID: PMC7148622 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385007-2.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
More than 250 different foodborne diseases have been described to date, annually affecting about one-third of the world's population. The incidence of foodborne diseases has been underreported and underestimated, and the asymptomatic presentation of some of the illnesses, worldwide heterogeneities in reporting, and the alternative transmission routes of certain pathogens are among the factors that contribute to this. Globalization, centralization of the food supply, transportation of food products progressively farther from their places of origin, and the multitude of steps where contamination may occur have made it increasingly challenging to investigate foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Certain foodborne pathogens may be transmitted directly from animals to humans, while others are transmitted through vectors, such as insects, or through food handlers, contaminated food products or food-processing surfaces, or transfer from sponges, cloths, or utensils. Additionally, the airborne route may contribute to the transmission of certain foodborne pathogens. Complicating epidemiological investigations, multiple transmission routes have been described for some foodborne pathogens. Two types of transmission barriers, primary and secondary, have been described for foodborne pathogens, each of them providing opportunities for preventing and controlling outbreaks. Primary barriers, the most effective sites of prophylactic intervention, prevent pathogen entry into the environment, while secondary barriers prevent the multiplication and dissemination of pathogens that have already entered the environment. Understanding pathogen dynamics, monitoring transmission, and implementing preventive measures are complicated by the phenomenon of superspreading, which refers to the concept that, at the level of populations, a minority of hosts is responsible for the majority of transmission events.
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Colagiorgi A, Di Ciccio P, Zanardi E, Ghidini S, Ianieri A. A Look inside the Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms Extracellular Matrix. Microorganisms 2016; 4:E22. [PMID: 27681916 PMCID: PMC5039582 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen able to persist in food industry and is responsible for a severe illness called listeriosis. The ability of L. monocytogenes to persist in environments is due to its capacity to form biofilms that are a sessile community of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS's). In this review, we summarized recent efforts performed in order to better characterize the polymeric substances that compose the extracellular matrix (ECM) of L. monocytogenes biofilms. EPS extraction and analysis led to the identification of polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA, and other molecules within the listerial ECM. All this knowledge will be useful for increasing food protection, suggesting effective strategies for the minimization of persistence of L. monocytogenes in food industry environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Colagiorgi
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Di Ciccio
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy.
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31
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Khan I, Miskeen S, Khalil AT, Phull AR, Kim SJ, Oh DH. Foodborne Pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes An Unsolved Problem of the Food Industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2016.505.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jahan M, Holley R. Transfer of antibiotic resistance from Enterococcus faecium
of fermented meat origin to Listeria monocytogenes
and Listeria innocua. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:304-10. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jahan
- Department of Food Science; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - R.A. Holley
- Department of Food Science; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
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Weyker RE, Glass KA, Milkowski AL, Seman DL, Sindelar JJ. Controlling Listeria monocytogenes and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in Uncured Deli-style Turkey Breast Using a Clean Label Antimicrobial. J Food Sci 2016; 81:M672-83. [PMID: 26878335 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interest in natural/organic meat products has resulted in the need to validate the effectiveness of clean label antimicrobials to increase safety and shelf life of these products. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of varying levels of moisture, pH, and a commercial "clean-label" antimicrobial (cultured sugar-vinegar blend; CSVB) on the growth rate of Listeria monocytogenes and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in uncured turkey stored at 4 °C for 16 wk. Twenty treatment combinations of moisture (60% to 80%), pH (5.8 to 6.4), and CSVB (2.5% to 5.0%) were evaluated during phase I to develop growth curves for both microbe types, whereas the interactive effects of pH (5.8 to 6.4) and CSVB (0.0 to 4.75) were tested in 16 treatment combinations during Phase II at a single moisture level using L. monocytogenes only. CSVB inhibited L. monocytogenes growth in 14 of the 20 treatments tested in Phase I and in 12 of the 16 treatments in Phase II through 16 and 8 wk, respectively. In contrast, CSVB had little effect on L. mesenteroides, with growth inhibited in only 4 of 20 treatments in Phase I and was therefore not tested further in Phase II. Significant interactions of the RSM design coefficients yielded a predictive model for L. mesenteroides growth rate, but due to lack of growth, no growth rate model was developed for L. monocytogenes. CSVB was found to be an effective antilisteral antimicrobial, while having little effect on a spoilage microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Weyker
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1805 Linden Dr., Madison, Wis, 53706, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen A Glass
- Food Research Inst, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, Wis., 53706, U.S.A
| | - Andrew L Milkowski
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1805 Linden Dr., Madison, Wis, 53706, U.S.A
| | - Dennis L Seman
- Kraft Heinz Company/Oscar Mayer, 910 Mayer Avenue, Madison, Wis, 53704, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey J Sindelar
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1805 Linden Dr., Madison, Wis, 53706, U.S.A
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Da Silva T, Smith M, Barnard A, Kung L. The effect of a chemical additive on the fermentation and aerobic stability of high-moisture corn. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:8904-12. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Presence of Listeria monocytogenes in silage products of Shahrekord city. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Borreani G, Tabacco E. Bio-based biodegradable film to replace the standard polyethylene cover for silage conservation. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:386-94. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Hoelzer K, Pouillot R, Van Doren J, Dennis S. Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes contamination on produce – A quantitative analysis of common liquid fresh produce wash compounds. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Jung Y, Jang H, Matthews KR. Effect of the food production chain from farm practices to vegetable processing on outbreak incidence. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:517-27. [PMID: 25251466 PMCID: PMC4265071 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The popularity in the consumption of fresh and fresh-cut vegetables continues to increase globally. Fresh vegetables are an integral part of a healthy diet, providing vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other health-promoting compounds. The diversity of fresh vegetables and packaging formats (spring mix in clamshell container, bagged heads of lettuce) support increased consumption. Unfortunately, vegetable production and processing practices are not sufficient to ensure complete microbial safety. This review highlights a few specific areas that require greater attention and research. Selected outbreaks are presented to emphasize the need for science-based 'best practices'. Laboratory and field studies have focused on inactivation of pathogens associated with manure in liquid, slurry or solid forms. As production practices change, other forms and types of soil amendments are being used more prevalently. Information regarding the microbial safety of fish emulsion and pellet form of manure is limited. The topic of global climate change is controversial, but the potential effect on agriculture cannot be ignored. Changes in temperature, precipitation, humidity and wind can impact crops and the microorganisms that are associated with production environments. Climate change could potentially enhance the ability of pathogens to survive and persist in soil, water and crops, increasing human health risks. Limited research has focused on the prevalence and behaviour of viruses in pre and post-harvest environments and on vegetable commodities. Globally, viruses are a major cause of foodborne illnesses, but are seldom tested for in soil, soil amendments, manure and crops. Greater attention must also be given to the improvement in the microbial quality of seeds used in sprout production. Human pathogens associated with seeds can result in contamination of sprouts intended for human consumption, even when all appropriate 'best practices' are used by sprout growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Jung
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Hyein Jang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Karl R Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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40
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Genome sequencing of Listeria monocytogenes. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1157:223-32. [PMID: 24792562 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0703-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Genome sequencing is a key technology in microbiology. A genome sequence is the prerequisite for understanding the molecular basis of a given phenotype; this is of particular importance for pathogens. Particularly for the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, which is an important model organism in infection biology, genome sequencing has proven to be invaluable in advancing our understanding of its virulence mechanisms and epidemiology. In this chapter, current technologies and software tools for genome sequencing and genome analysis of L. monocytogenes are described.
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Rychli K, Müller A, Zaiser A, Schoder D, Allerberger F, Wagner M, Schmitz-Esser S. Genome sequencing of Listeria monocytogenes "Quargel" listeriosis outbreak strains reveals two different strains with distinct in vitro virulence potential. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89964. [PMID: 24587155 PMCID: PMC3935953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large listeriosis outbreak occurred in Austria, Germany and the Czech Republic in 2009 and 2010. The outbreak was traced back to a traditional Austrian curd cheese called “Quargel” which was contaminated with two distinct serovar 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes strains (QOC1 and QOC2). In this study we sequenced and analysed the genomes of both outbreak strains in order to investigate the extent of genetic diversity between the two strains belonging to MLST sequence types 398 (QOC2) and 403 (QOC1). Both genomes are highly similar, but also display distinct properties: The QOC1 genome is approximately 74 kbp larger than the QOC2 genome. In addition, the strains harbour 93 (QOC1) and 45 (QOC2) genes encoding strain-specific proteins. A 21 kbp region showing highest similarity to plasmid pLMIV encoding three putative internalins is integrated in the QOC1 genome. In contrast to QOC1, strain QOC2 harbours a vip homologue, which encodes a LPXTG surface protein involved in cell invasion. In accordance, in vitro virulence assays revealed distinct differences in invasion efficiency and intracellular proliferation within different cell types. The higher virulence potential of QOC1 in non-phagocytic cells may be explained by the presence of additional internalins in the pLMIV-like region, whereas the higher invasion capability of QOC2 into phagocytic cells may be due to the presence of a vip homologue. In addition, both strains show differences in stress-related gene content. Strain QOC1 encodes a so-called stress survival islet 1, whereas strain QOC2 harbours a homologue of the uncharacterized LMOf2365_0481 gene. Consistently, QOC1 shows higher resistance to acidic, alkaline and gastric stress. In conclusion, our results show that strain QOC1 and QOC2 are distinct and did not recently evolve from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rychli
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anneliese Müller
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Zaiser
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Schoder
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecularbiological Food Analytics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Kyoui D, Takahashi H, Miya S, Kuda T, Kimura B. Comparison of the major virulence-related genes of Listeria monocytogenes in internalin A truncated strain 36-25-1 and a clinical wild-type strain. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:15. [PMID: 24472083 PMCID: PMC3917698 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internalin A (InlA) facilitates the invasion of Listeria monocytogenes into a host cell. Some strains of Listeria monocytogenes express truncated forms of InlA, which reduces invasiveness. However, few virulence-related genes other than inlA have been analyzed in InlA-truncated strains. In the present study, we sequenced the draft genome of strain 36-25-1, an InlA-truncated strain, with pyrosequencing and compared 36 major virulence-related genes in this strain and a clinical wild-type strain. Results Strain 36-25-1 possessed all of the virulence-related genes analyzed. Of the analyzed genes, only 4 genes (dltA, gtcA, iap, and inlA) differed when the nucleotide sequences of strain 36-25-1 and the clinical wild-type strain were compared. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences found no mutations that significantly influenced virulence in genes other than inlA. Conclusions The virulence-associated genes in strain 36-25-1 differ little from those of the clinical wild-type strain, indicating that a slight mutation in the nucleotide sequence determines the virulence of the InlA-truncated strain. In addition, the results suggest that, aside from InlA-mediated cell invasiveness, there is almost no difference between the virulence of strain 36-25-1 and that of the clinical wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hajime Takahashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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Müller A, Rychli K, Muhterem-Uyar M, Zaiser A, Stessl B, Guinane CM, Cotter PD, Wagner M, Schmitz-Esser S. Tn6188 - a novel transposon in Listeria monocytogenes responsible for tolerance to benzalkonium chloride. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76835. [PMID: 24098567 PMCID: PMC3788773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the food-borne pathogen Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is of great importance from a food safety perspective, and thus for human health. The consequences of failures in this regard have been exemplified by recent large listeriosis outbreaks in the USA and Europe. It is thus particularly notable that tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride (BC) has been observed in many L. monocytogenes strains. However, the molecular determinants and mechanisms of BC tolerance of L. monocytogenes are still largely unknown. Here we describe Tn6188, a novel transposon in L. monocytogenes conferring tolerance to BC. Tn6188 is related to Tn554 from Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and other Tn554-like transposons such as Tn558, Tn559 and Tn5406 found in various Firmicutes. Tn6188 comprises 5117 bp, is integrated chromosomally within the radC gene and consists of three transposase genes (tnpABC) as well as genes encoding a putative transcriptional regulator and QacH, a small multidrug resistance protein family (SMR) transporter putatively associated with export of BC that shows high amino acid identity to Smr/QacC from S. aureus and to EmrE from Escherichia coli. We screened 91 L. monocytogenes strains for the presence of Tn6188 by PCR and found Tn6188 in 10 of the analyzed strains. These isolates were from food and food processing environments and predominantly from serovar 1/2a. L. monocytogenes strains harboring Tn6188 had significantly higher BC minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (28.5 ± 4.7 mg/l) than strains without Tn6188 (14 ± 3.2 mg/l). Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR we could show a significant increase in qacH expression in the presence of BC. QacH deletion mutants were generated in two L. monocytogenes strains and growth analysis revealed that ΔqacH strains had lower BC MICs than wildtype strains. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that Tn6188 is responsible for BC tolerance in various L. monocytogenes strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese Müller
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Rychli
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meryem Muhterem-Uyar
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Zaiser
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecularbiological Food Analytics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Park S, Navratil S, Gregory A, Bauer A, Srinath I, Jun M, Szonyi B, Nightingale K, Anciso J, Ivanek R. Generic Escherichia coli contamination of spinach at the preharvest stage: effects of farm management and environmental factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4347-58. [PMID: 23666336 PMCID: PMC3697504 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00474-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of farm management and environmental factors on preharvest spinach contamination with generic Escherichia coli as an indicator of fecal contamination. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted by visiting spinach farms up to four times per growing season over a period of 2 years (2010 to 2011). Spinach samples (n = 955) were collected from 12 spinach farms in Colorado and Texas as representative states of the Western and Southwestern United States, respectively. During each farm visit, farmers were surveyed about farm-related management and environmental factors using a questionnaire. Associations between the prevalence of generic E. coli in spinach and farm-related factors were assessed by using a multivariable logistic regression model including random effects for farm and farm visit. Overall, 6.6% of spinach samples were positive for generic E. coli. Significant risk factors for spinach contamination with generic E. coli were the proximity (within 10 miles) of a poultry farm, the use of pond water for irrigation, a >66-day period since the planting of spinach, farming on fields previously used for grazing, the production of hay before spinach planting, and the farm location in the Southwestern United States. Contamination with generic E. coli was significantly reduced with an irrigation lapse time of >5 days as well as by several factors related to field workers, including the use of portable toilets, training to use portable toilets, and the use of hand-washing stations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between field workers' personal hygiene and produce contamination with generic E. coli at the preharvest level. Collectively, our findings support that practice of good personal hygiene and other good farm management practices may reduce produce contamination with generic E. coli at the preharvest level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshin Park
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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Travier L, Guadagnini S, Gouin E, Dufour A, Chenal-Francisque V, Cossart P, Olivo-Marin JC, Ghigo JM, Disson O, Lecuit M. ActA promotes Listeria monocytogenes aggregation, intestinal colonization and carriage. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003131. [PMID: 23382675 PMCID: PMC3561219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium able to survive and thrive within the environment and readily colonizes a wide range of substrates, often as a biofilm. It is also a facultative intracellular pathogen, which actively invades diverse hosts and induces listeriosis. So far, these two complementary facets of Lm biology have been studied independently. Here we demonstrate that the major Lm virulence determinant ActA, a PrfA-regulated gene product enabling actin polymerization and thereby promoting its intracellular motility and cell-to-cell spread, is critical for bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation. We show that ActA mediates Lm aggregation via direct ActA-ActA interactions and that the ActA C-terminal region, which is not involved in actin polymerization, is essential for aggregation in vitro. In mice permissive to orally-acquired listeriosis, ActA-mediated Lm aggregation is not observed in infected tissues but occurs in the gut lumen. Strikingly, ActA-dependent aggregating bacteria exhibit an increased ability to persist within the cecum and colon lumen of mice, and are shed in the feces three order of magnitude more efficiently and for twice as long than bacteria unable to aggregate. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel function for ActA and illustrates that in addition to contributing to its dissemination within the host, ActA plays a key role in Lm persistence within the host and in transmission from the host back to the environment. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium that survives and thrives within the environment, and a facultative intracellular pathogen that induces listeriosis. So far, these two complementary facets of Lm biology have been studied independently. Here we identify ActA, which is a major Lm virulence determinant mediating actin-based motility, as critical for bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation. ActA promotes Lm aggregation via direct ActA-ActA interaction and ActA C-terminal region, which is not involved in actin polymerization, is essential for aggregation. Whereas ActA-mediated Lm aggregation is not observed in infected tissues, it occurs in the gut lumen. Strikingly, ActA-dependent aggregating bacteria exhibit an increased ability to persist within the gut lumen, and are shed in the feces three order of magnitude more and for twice as long than bacteria unable to aggregate. This study identifies a novel function for ActA, which plays a key role in Lm persistence within the host and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Travier
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Guadagnini
- Plateforme de Microscopie Ultrastructurale, Imagopole, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Edith Gouin
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dufour
- Unité Analyse d'Images Quantitative, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2582, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Chenal-Francisque
- French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U604, INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2172, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1117, Paris, France
- French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Current knowledge and perspectives on biofilm formation: the case of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:957-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lyautey E, Hartmann A, Lapen DR, Topp E. A comparison of enrichment and direct-plating methods for isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from surface water. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:1405-10. [PMID: 23210998 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2012-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen distributed in the environment. Reference isolation methods include an enrichment step. We compared 2 protocols: one based on enrichment and the other on direct plating, with respect to the efficiency of isolation of L. monocytogenes from surface water samples. From March to May 2006, 126 surface water samples were collected biweekly from 24 discrete sampling sites located in the South Nation River basin (Ontario). Presumptive Listeria spp. were isolated using the 2 methods, and L. monocytogenes isolates were confirmed based on colony morphology and amplification of 3 pathogenicity genes: iap, inlA, and hlyA. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 31 water samples using the enrichment approach and in 27 using the direct-plating approach, with only 13 samples positive using both approaches. No correlation was observed between the ability of the enrichment procedure to fail in the detection of the pathogenic bacterium and the abundance of several indicator bacteria. The proportion of samples carrying isolates from serovar groups 1/2a, 3a; 1/2b, 3b, 7; 4b, 4d, 4e; and Listeria spp. was significantly different between the 2 approaches. This data indicate that a direct-plating approach would be suitable for the detection of L. monocytogenes in water samples, but that enrichment and direct-plating protocols both have specific biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lyautey
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
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Vongkamjan K, Switt AM, den Bakker HC, Fortes ED, Wiedmann M. Silage collected from dairy farms harbors an abundance of listeriaphages with considerable host range and genome size diversity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:8666-75. [PMID: 23042180 PMCID: PMC3502902 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01859-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is common in dairy farm environments, it is likely that phages infecting this bacterium ("listeriaphages") are abundant on dairy farms. To better understand the ecology and diversity of listeriaphages on dairy farms and to develop a diverse phage collection for further studies, silage samples collected on two dairy farms were screened for L. monocytogenes and listeriaphages. While only 4.5% of silage samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes, 47.8% of samples were positive for listeriaphages, containing up to >1.5 × 10(4) PFU/g. Host range characterization of the 114 phage isolates obtained, with a reference set of 13 L. monocytogenes strains representing the nine major serotypes and four lineages, revealed considerable host range diversity; phage isolates were classified into nine lysis groups. While one serotype 3c strain was not lysed by any phage isolates, serotype 4 strains were highly susceptible to phages and were lysed by 63.2 to 88.6% of phages tested. Overall, 12.3% of phage isolates showed a narrow host range (lysing 1 to 5 strains), while 28.9% of phages represented broad host range (lysing ≥11 strains). Genome sizes of the phage isolates were estimated to range from approximately 26 to 140 kb. The extensive host range and genomic diversity of phages observed here suggest an important role of phages in the ecology of L. monocytogenes on dairy farms. In addition, the phage collection developed here has the potential to facilitate further development of phage-based biocontrol strategies (e.g., in silage) and other phage-based tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Zhang Z, Meng Q, Qiao J, Yang L, Cai X, Wang G, Chen C, Zhang L. RsbV of Listeria monocytogenes contributes to regulation of environmental stress and virulence. Arch Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23192174 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-012-0855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
SigmaB factor is an important regulatory factor for stress response in Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. However, the activity of SigmaB factor is regulated by RsbV factor. Currently, the functional studies of RsbV factor are mostly focused on non-pathogenic B. subtilis, but the roles of RsbV factor in pathogenic L. monocytogenes during the regulation of environmental stress and virulence are still unclear. In the study, a ∆RsbV mutant of L. monocytogenes was constructed to explore the regulatory role of RsbV in environmental stress and virulence. The environmental stress experiments indicated that the growth and survival capability of ∆RsbV mutant obviously decreased in stress of low temperature, osmotic pressure, alcohol and acid, compared with EGD strain. The macrophage infection experiment indicated that ∆RsbV mutant had weaker survival capability than EGD strain, and the expression of PrfA, actA, PlcA and LLO was down-regulated in infected cells. Animal inoculation experiments indicated that RsbV deletion significantly reduced the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes. Our data demonstrate that, in addition to regulating tolerance under environmental stress conditions, RsbV also contributes to regulation of L. monocytogenes virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaichao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
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Park S, Szonyi B, Gautam R, Nightingale K, Anciso J, Ivanek R. Risk factors for microbial contamination in fruits and vegetables at the preharvest level: a systematic review. J Food Prot 2012; 75:2055-81. [PMID: 23127717 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of risk factors for contamination of fruits and vegetables with Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 at the preharvest level. Relevant studies were identified by searching six electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CAB Abstracts, AGRIS, AGRICOLA, and FSTA, using the following thesaurus terms: L. monocytogenes, Salmonella, E. coli O157 AND fruit, vegetable. All search terms were exploded to find all related subheadings. To be eligible, studies had to be prospective controlled trials or observational studies at the preharvest level and had to show clear and sufficient information on the process in which the produce was contaminated. Of the 3,463 citations identified, 68 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Most of these studies were on leafy greens and tomatoes. Six studies assessed produce contamination with respect to animal host-related risk factors, and 20 studies assessed contamination with respect to pathogen characteristics. Sixty-two studies assessed the association between produce contamination and factors related to produce, water, and soil, as well as local ecological conditions of the production location. While evaluations of many risk factors for preharvest-level produce contamination have been reported, the quality assessment of the reviewed studies confirmed the existence of solid evidence for only some of them, including growing produce on clay-type soil, the application of contaminated or non-pH-stabilized manure, and the use of spray irrigation with contaminated water, with a particular risk of contamination on the lower leaf surface. In conclusion, synthesis of the reviewed studies suggests that reducing microbial contamination of irrigation water and soil are the most effective targets for the prevention and control of produce contamination. Furthermore, this review provides an inventory of the evaluated risk factors, including those requiring more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshin Park
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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