1
|
Tang Y, Xiao N, Zou J, Mei Y, Yuan Y, Wang M, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Li S. Antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary hospital in Xiangyang, China. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1305-1315. [PMID: 38366298 PMCID: PMC11153456 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common clinical pathogen that causes various human infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, molecular epidemiological characteristics, and biofilm formation ability of S. aureus isolates from clinical specimens in Xiangyang and to analyze the correlation among them. A total of 111 non-duplicate S. aureus isolates were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science. All isolates were tested for antibacterial susceptibility. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was identified by the mecA gene PCR amplification. All isolates were analyzed to determine their biofilm-forming ability using the microplate method. The biofilm-related gene was determined using PCR. SCCmec, MLST, and spa types of MRSA strains were performed to ascertain the molecular characteristics. Among the 111 S. aureus isolates, 45 (40.5%) and 66 (59.5%) were MRSA and MSSA, respectively. The resistance of MRSA strains to the tested antibiotics was significantly stronger than that of MSSA strains. All isolates were able to produce biofilm with levels ranging from strong (28.9%, 18.2%), moderate (62.2%, 62.1%), to weak (8.9%, 19.7%). Strong biofilm formation was observed in MRSA strains than in MSSA strains, based on percentages. There were dynamic changes in molecular epidemic characteristics of MRSA isolates in Xiangyang. SCCmecIVa-ST22-t309, SCCmecIVa-ST59-t437, and SCCmecIVa-ST5-t2460 were currently the main epidemic clones in this region. SCCmecIVa-ST5-t2460 and SCCmecIVa/III-ST22-t309 have stronger antibiotic resistance than SCCmecIVa-ST59-t437 strains, with resistance to 6 ~ 8 detected non-β-lactam antibiotics. The molecular epidemic and resistance attributes of S. aureus should be timely monitored, and effective measures should be adopted to control the clinical infection and spread of the bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Tang
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Na Xiao
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - JiuMing Zou
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, China
| | - Yuling Mei
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Menghuan Wang
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Yunjuan Zhou
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China
| | - Shichao Li
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Gajewska J, Zakrzewski AJ, Caggia C, Zadernowska A. Molecular Analysis of Pathogenicity, Adhesive Matrix Molecules (MSCRAMMs) and Biofilm Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Food. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1375. [PMID: 36674132 PMCID: PMC9859056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a snapshot on the pathogenic traits within CoNS isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) food. Eighty-five strains were subjected to biofilm and slime production, as well as biofilm-associated genes (icaA, icaD, icaB, icaC, eno, bap, bhp, aap, fbe, embP and atlE), the insertion sequence elements IS256 and IS257 and hemolytic genes. The results showed that the most prevalent determinants responsible for the primary adherence were eno (57.6%) and aap (56.5%) genes. The icaADBC operon was detected in 45.9% of the tested strains and was correlated to slime production. Moreover, most strains carrying the icaADBC operon simultaneously carried the IS257 insertion sequence element. Among the genes encoding for surface proteins involved in the adhesion to abiotic surfaces process, atlE was the most commonly (31.8%) followed by bap (4.7%) and bhp (1.2%). The MSCRAMMs, including fbe and embp were detected in the 11.8% and 28.2% of strains, respectively. A high occurrence of genes involved in the hemolytic toxin production were detected, such as hla_yiD (50.6%), hlb (48.2%), hld (41.2%) and hla_haem (34.1%). The results of the present study revealed an unexpected occurrence of the genes involved in biofilm production and the high hemolytic activity among the CoNS strains, isolated from RTE food, highlighting that this group seems to be acquiring pathogenic traits similar to those of S. aureus, suggesting the need to be included in the routine microbiological analyses of food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Józef Zakrzewski
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Zadernowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Methicillin-Resistant and Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus aureus in Nasal Carriage among Health Care Workers and Medical Students. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:8424486. [PMID: 36644335 PMCID: PMC9833899 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8424486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. It has been portrayed as a slow tsunami. Multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance exacerbate the already-existing AMR problem. The aim of the study was to access the colonization of methicillin-resistant and biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students (MSs). A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 352 participants (176 were HCWs and 176 were MSs) were enrolled from different hospitals and medical colleges in Kathmandu, Nepal. Nasal cavity swab samples were collected and inoculated on Mannitol salt agar at standard in-vitro environmental conditions. Isolates were identified based on colony characteristics, staining properties, and biochemical tests. Identified isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production. Out of 352 participants, 65.3% were S. aureus carriers; among the carriers, 52.2% were HCWs and 47.8% were MSs. Of the total isolates, 47.4% isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 73.9% isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among MDR isolates, out of 109 MRSA isolates, 86.2% were MDR and out of 121 MSSA isolates, 62.8% were MDR where isolates were mainly resistant to erythromycin. In addition, 68.7% isolates were biofilm-forming; the results were similar in both MRSA and MSSA. Variables such as profession and educational level showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) with MRSA, MSSA, and biofilm producers. In conclusion, asymptomatic colonization of healthcare workers by drug-resistant S. aureus is increasing at alarming rates. This reflects the lack of proper hygiene practice as well as improper disinfection of workplace of study population.
Collapse
|
4
|
Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Biofilm Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Sources in Erbil City. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2023; 15:e2023016. [PMID: 36908866 PMCID: PMC10000948 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2023.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is an important causative pathogen. The production of biofilms is an important factor and makes these bacteria resistant to antimicrobial therapy. Objectives the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance to antibacterial agents and to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation among S. aureus strains. Methods This study included 50 isolates of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). S. aureus was identified by molecular and conventional methods, and antimicrobial resistance was tested with a disc diffusion method. The biofilm formation was performed through the Microtiter plate method. Strains were subjected to PCR to determine the presence of nuc, mecA, icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes. Results Of the 50 S. aureus isolates, 32(64%) and 18(36%) were MRSA and MSSA, respectively. A large number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Penicillin and Azithromycin, and a lower number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Amikacin Gentamicin. None of the isolates was resistant to Vancomycin. The MRSA strains had significantly higher resistance against antibiotics than MSSA strains (P = 0.0154). All isolates (MRSA and MSSA) were able to produce biofilm with levels ranging from strong (31.25 %), (16.6%) to moderate (53.12%), (50%) to weak (15.6%), (33.3%) respectively. The MRSA strains had a significantly higher biofilm formation ability than the MSSA strains (P = 0.0079). The biofilm-encoding genes were detected among isolates with different frequencies. The majority of S. aureus isolates, 42 (84%), were positive for the icaA. The prevalence rates of the icaB, icaC and icaD genes were found to be 37 (74%), 40 (80%) and 41 (82%), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of biofilm encoding genes associated with multidrug resistance in S. aureus strains is high. Therefore, identifying epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and biofilm management of S. aureus infection would be helpful.
Collapse
|
5
|
Avila-Novoa MG, Solis-Velazquez OA, Guerrero-Medina PJ, González-Gómez JP, González-Torres B, Velázquez-Suárez NY, Martínez-Chávez L, Martínez-Gonzáles NE, De la Cruz-Color L, Ibarra-Velázquez LM, Cardona-López MA, Robles-García MÁ, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M. Genetic and compositional analysis of biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food contact surfaces. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001700. [PMID: 36532477 PMCID: PMC9755592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that can form biofilms on food contact surfaces (FCS) in the dairy industry, posing a serious food safety, and quality concern. Biofilm is a complex system, influenced by nutritional-related factors that regulate the synthesis of the components of the biofilm matrix. This study determines the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes and evaluates the development under different growth conditions and compositions of biofilms produced by S. aureus. METHODS Biofilms were developed in TSB, TSBG, TSBNaCl, and TSBGNaCl on stainless-steel (SS), with enumeration at 24 and 192 h visualized by epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of biofilms was determined using enzymatic and chemical treatments and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 84 S. aureus (SA1-SA84) strains were collected from 293 dairy industry FCS (FCS-stainless steel [n = 183] and FCS-polypropylene [n = 110]) for this study. The isolates harbored the genes sigB (66%), sar (53%), agrD (52%), clfB/clfA (38%), fnbA/fnbB (20%), and bap (9.5%). 99. In particular, the biofilm formed by bap-positive S. aureus onto SS showed a high cell density in all culture media at 192 h in comparison with the biofilms formed at 24 h (p < 0.05). Epifluorescence microscopy and SEM revealed the metabolically active cells and the different stages of biofilm formation. CLSM analysis detected extracellular polymeric of S. aureus biofilms on SS, such as eDNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Finally, the level of detachment on being treated with DNase I (44.7%) and NaIO 4(42.4%) was greater in the biofilms developed in TSB compared to culture medium supplemented with NaCl at 24 h; however, there was no significant difference when the culture medium was supplemented with glucose. In addition, after treatment with proteinase K, there was a lower level of biomass detachment (17.7%) of the biofilm developed in TSBNaCl (p < 0.05 at 24 h) compared to that in TSB, TSBG, and TSBGNaCl (33.6, 36.9, and 37.8%, respectively). These results represent a deep insight into the composition of S. aureus biofilms present in the dairy industry, which promotes the development of more efficient composition-specific disinfection strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Oscar Alberto Solis-Velazquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerrero-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pierre González-Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Berenice González-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Noemí Yolanda Velázquez-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Martínez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nanci Edid Martínez-Gonzáles
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucia De la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luz María Ibarra-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Cardona-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Robles-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effect of MA01 rhamnolipid on cell viability and expression of quorum-sensing (QS) genes involved in biofilm formation by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14833. [PMID: 36050412 PMCID: PMC9437072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of biosurfactants, called rhamnolipids, have been shown to have antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we examined the effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactants extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MA01 on cell growth/viability, biofilm formation, and membrane permeability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC6538 bacterial cells. The results obtained from flow cytometry analysis showed that by increasing the concentration of rhamnolipid from 30 to 120 mg/mL, the cell viability decreased by about 70%, and the cell membrane permeability increased by approximately 20%. In fact, increasing rhamnolipid concentration was directly related to cell membrane permeability and inversely related to cell survival. Microtiter plate biofilm assay and laser scanning confocal microscopy analysis revealed that rhamnolipid, at a concentration of 60 mg/mL, exerts a reducing effect on the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Real-time PCR analysis for monitoring the relative changes in the expression of agrA, agrC, icaA, and icaD genes involved in biofilm formation and related to the quorum-sensing pathway after treatment with rhamnolipid indicated a reduced expression level of these genes, as well as sortase A gene. The results of the present study deepen our knowledge regarding the use of microbial natural products as promising candidates for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ballah FM, Islam MS, Rana ML, Ferdous FB, Ahmed R, Pramanik PK, Karmoker J, Ievy S, Sobur MA, Siddique MP, Khatun MM, Rahman M, Rahman MT. Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Different Food Sources in Bangladesh. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070949. [PMID: 36101330 PMCID: PMC9311614 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen. The ability of S. aureus to produce biofilm is a significant virulence factor, triggering its persistence in hostile environments. In this study, we screened a total of 420 different food samples and human hand swabs to detect S. aureus and to determine their biofilm formation ability. Samples analyzed were meat, milk, eggs, fish, fast foods, and hand swabs. S. aureus were detected by culturing, staining, biochemical, and PCR. Biofilm formation ability was determined by Congo Red Agar (CRA) plate and Crystal Violet Microtiter Plate (CVMP) tests. The icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and bap genes involved in the synthesis of biofilm-forming intracellular adhesion compounds were detected by PCR. About 23.81% (100/420; 95% CI: 14.17−29.98%) of the samples harbored S. aureus, as revealed by detection of the nuc gene. The CRA plate test revealed 20% of S. aureus isolates as strong biofilm producers and 69% and 11% as intermediate and non-biofilm producers, respectively. By the CVMP staining method, 20%, 77%, and 3% of the isolates were found to be strong, intermediate, and non-biofilm producers. Furthermore, 21% of S. aureus isolates carried at least one biofilm-forming gene, where icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and bap genes were detected in 15%, 20%, 7%, 20%, and 10% of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed highly significant correlations (p < 0.001) between any of the two adhesion genes of S. aureus isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh describing the detection of biofilm-forming S. aureus from foods and hand swabs using molecular-based evidence. Our findings suggest that food samples should be deemed a potential reservoir of biofilm-forming S. aureus, which indicates a potential public health significance.
Collapse
|
8
|
Potential Impact of Reduced Graphene Oxide Incorporated Metal Oxide Nanocomposites as Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Agents Against Pathogenic Microbes: Bacterial Protein Leakage Reaction Mechanism. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the current study, nanocomposites-based reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and metal oxides (AgO, NiO, and ZnO) were fabricated. The starting precursor and RGO were characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM, and HRTEM, while SEM and EDX mapping validated the synthesized nanocomposites. In addition, ZOI, MIC, antibiofilm, and growth curve were tested. The antimicrobial reaction mechanism was investigated by protein leakage assay and SEM imaging. Results revealed that all synthesized nanocomposites (RGO-AgO, RGO-NiO, and RGO-ZnO) have outstanding antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and unicellular fungi. Moreover, RGO-AgO, RGO-NiO, and RGO-ZnO nanocomposites exhibited an antibiofilm activity percentage against Staphylococcus aureus (91.72%), Candida albicans (91.17%), and Escherichia coli (90.36%). The SEM analysis of S. aureus after RGO-AgO treatment indicated morphological differences, including the whole lysis of the outer surface supported by deformations of the bacterial cells. It was observed that the quantity of cellular protein leakage from S. aureus is directly proportional to the concentration of RGO-AgO, RGO-NiO, and RGO-ZnO nanocomposites and found to be 260.25 µg/mL, 110.55 µg/mL, and 99.90 µg/mL, respectively. The prepared nanocomposites promise to treat resistant microbes as a new strategy for managing infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:910-920. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
10
|
Abbasi K, Tajbakhsh E, Momtaz H. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and biofilm formation in
Staphylococcus aureus
strains isolated from meat and meat products. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muneeb KH, Sudha S, Sivaraman GK, Shome B, Cole J, Holmes M. Virulence and intermediate resistance to high-end antibiotic (teicoplanin) among coagulase-negative staphylococci sourced from retail market fish. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5695-5702. [PMID: 34468806 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the distribution of enterotoxigenic determinants among staphylococci and the susceptibility of staphylococci to various classes of antibiotics. We observed all the isolates as resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and a few as resistant to non-beta-lactam antibiotics such as clindamycin (47.4%), erythromycin (44.7%), gentamicin (23.7%), norfloxacin (34.2%), tetracycline (26.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15.8%) etc. The resistance of S. sciuri (n = 1) and S. haemolyticus (n = 1) to rifampicin and intermediate resistance of S. gallinarum (n = 2) to teicoplanin, a high-end antibiotic, are also observed in this study. The multidrug-resistance (≥ 3 classes of antibiotics) was recorded in 23 (60.5%) isolates. The virulomes such as sea, seb, seg and sei were identified predominantly in S. haemolyticus. Surprisingly, certain isolates which were phenotypically confirmed as biofilm-producers by Congo red agar (CRA) test did not harbor biofilm-associated loci. This implies the protein-mediated mechanism of biofilm formation as an alternative to polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in staphylococci. However, icaAD locus which encodes PIA was identified in 10 (26.3%) isolates and the eno locus, encoding elastin-binding protein which can accelerate the biofilm production, is identified in all the isolates. The possession of type V SCCmec elements by the S. haemolyticus (15.8%) raised the concern about the rapid dissemination of mecA gene to other species of staphylococci including the virulent S. aureus. In short, this study acknowledges the toxigenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Through this study, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and transference of virulomes in staphylococci is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Muneeb
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P. O, Willingdon Island, Kochi, Kerala, 682 029, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - S Sudha
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P. O, Willingdon Island, Kochi, Kerala, 682 029, India
| | - G K Sivaraman
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P. O, Willingdon Island, Kochi, Kerala, 682 029, India.
| | - Bibek Shome
- Department of Disease Investigation, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
| | - Jennifer Cole
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prevalence of virulent and biofilm forming ST88-IV-t2526 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones circulating in local retail fish markets in Assam, India. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
13
|
Abdel Maksoud MIA, El-Sayyad GS, El-Bastawisy HS, Fathy RM. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of silver-decorated zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by a gamma irradiation-coupled sol-gel method against some pathogenic bacteria from medical operating room surfaces. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28361-28374. [PMID: 35480774 PMCID: PMC9038124 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at the gamma irradiation-assisted synthesis of silver (Ag)-decorated ZnFe2O4 (ZFO) ferrite nanoparticles (NPs), which were tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against some pathogenic bacteria from medical operating room surfaces. The prepared Ag-decorated ZFO NPs were characterized via XRD, SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, and FTIR analysis. The antibacterial potential was tested as ZOI and MIC, while antibiofilm activity was estimated by the tube method. The growth curve assay, the effect of UV on the antimicrobial activity, and cell membrane leakage were evaluated, and the antibacterial reaction mechanism was investigated by SEM/EDX analysis. The XRD and FTIR results confirmed the successful preparation of Ag-decorated ZFO NPs. Antibacterial results revealed that the most potent decorated sample was Ag0.75@ZFO NPs, recording the most significant inhibition zone against Staphylococcus vitulinus (24.67 ± 0.577 mm) and low MIC (0.097 μg mL-1) against S. vitulinus. The antibiofilm activity of Ag0.75@ZFO NPs was the highest, recorded as 97.3% for S. aureus and 95.25% for Enterococcus columbae. In the case of UV exposure, bacterial growth reached the lowest grade. Finally, it was seen that the amount of cellular protein released from bacterial cells is directly proportional to the concentration of Ag0.75@ZFO NPs, which clearly explains the formation of pits in the cell membrane. The synthesized nanocomposites may find an application after mixing with operating room paints to reduce the harmful effect of pathogenic microbes and, therefore, eliminate bacterial contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I A Abdel Maksoud
- Materials Science Lab., Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) Cairo Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) Cairo Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Bastawisy
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) Cairo Egypt
| | - Rasha M Fathy
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from dairy products: Relationship of ica-dependent/independent and components of biofilms produced in vitro. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
15
|
Sahoo A, Swain SS, Behera A, Sahoo G, Mahapatra PK, Panda SK. Antimicrobial Peptides Derived From Insects Offer a Novel Therapeutic Option to Combat Biofilm: A Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661195. [PMID: 34248873 PMCID: PMC8265172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms form a complex layer with defined structures, that attach on biotic or abiotic surfaces, are tough to eradicate and tend to cause some resistance against most antibiotics. Several studies confirmed that biofilm-producing bacteria exhibit higher resistance compared to the planktonic form of the same species. Antibiotic resistance factors are well understood in planktonic bacteria which is not so in case of biofilm producing forms. This may be due to the lack of available drugs with known resistance mechanisms for biofilms. Existing antibiotics cannot eradicate most biofilms, especially of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). Insects produce complex and diverse set of chemicals for survival and defense. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced by most insects, generally have a broad spectrum of activity and the potential to bypass the resistance mechanisms of classical antibiotics. Besides, AMPs may well act synergistically with classical antibiotics for a double-pronged attack on infections. Thus, AMPs could be promising alternatives to overcome medically important biofilms, decrease the possibility of acquired resistance and treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens including ESKAPE. The present review focuses on insect-derived AMPs with special reference to anti-biofilm-based strategies. It covers the AMP composition, pathways and mechanisms of action, the formation of biofilms, impact of biofilms on human diseases, current strategies as well as therapeutic options to combat biofilm with antimicrobial peptides from insects. In addition, the review also illustrates the importance of bioinformatics tools and molecular docking studies to boost the importance of select bioactive peptides those can be developed as drugs, as well as suggestions for further basic and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Sahoo
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences, SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shasank Sekhar Swain
- Division of Microbiology & NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ayusman Behera
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, India
| | - Gunanidhi Sahoo
- Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Centre of Environment, Climate Change and Public Health, RUSA 2.0, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kroning IS, Ramires T, Haubert L, Rizzi C, Fernandes MDS, Lopes GV, Dellagostin OA, Silva WPD. Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus from milk and expression of the adhesion genes ebpS and cna at different temperatures. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:677-685. [PMID: 33945694 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk to form biofilm, through detection of adhesion genes, investigating exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and biofilm formation on polystyrene (PS) and stainless steel (SS) surfaces, and by quantifying the expression of ebpS and cna genes under different temperatures and culture media. Among the 31 isolates, the adhesion genes ebpS and cna were found in 81% and 61% of the isolates, respectively. The screening tests for phenotype revealed that 58% of the isolates were EPS producers, and 45% showed the ability to produce biofilm on PS. Nine of the 31 isolates were selected to verify their ability to form biofilm on SS, of which 3 were non-biofilm producers, 3 were poor biofilm producers, and 3 were moderate biofilm producers. However, all nine isolates produced biofilm on SS, regardless of their phenotypic profile on PS. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed no variation in the expression levels of ebpS and cna genes at different temperatures, except for isolate S24 at 10 °C, for both genes tested. Moreover, RT-qPCR assays revealed that the expression levels of the adhesion genes ebpS and cna are isolate- and temperature-dependent; however, they are independent of the phenotypic biofilm-formation profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Schneid Kroning
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Louise Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Caroline Rizzi
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Meg da Silva Fernandes
- Adere Treinamentos, Rua Pioneiro Nilso Costa 475A, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87075850, Brazil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil.,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Y, Zheng X, Xu L, Tong P, Zhu M, Peng B, Yao G. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Animals, Meats, and Market Environments in Xinjiang, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:718-726. [PMID: 33534639 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as an important foodborne pathogen. However, knowledge about the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of S. aureus in the meat production chain from farm to market is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic characteristics of S. aureus in animal samples isolated from Xinjiang province farms and farmer' markets, by determining staphylococcal protein A (spa) repeat region and virulence factor typing, and by assessment of antimicrobial resistance. Out of 1324 samples, 128 (9.7%) were positive for S. aureus, 26 (2.0%) of them were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 88 (6.6%) of them were identified as vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Antimicrobial resistance was determined using the disk diffusion method. S. aureus isolates showed resistance to penicillin G (98.4%), clarithromycin (69.5%), erythromycin (69.5%), vancomycin (68.8%), and tetracycline (67.2%). A total of 80.4% of isolates showed resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes. PCR was used to detect ten virulence genes such as the enterotoxin (sea, seb, and sec), hemolysin (hla and hlb), clumping factor (clfA), and fibronectin-binding proteins A and B (fnbA and fnbB). Our study showed that isolates harbored two or seven virulence genes. All strains encode hla and clfA, and half of them encode hlb and enterotoxin genes. The spa typing results showed that the 128 isolates were grouped into 32 spa types. The main spa types were t127 (22.7%), t2592 (12.5%), t437 (10.9%), and t2616 (10.9%). Notably, isolates of t437 type accounted for 46.2% of the MRSA. Our data indicate that meats in the slaughterhouse and farmers' markets were contaminated with S. aureus. S. aureus virulence genes and spa types were diverse, and its antibiotic resistance was serious. The presence of MRSA and VRSA represents potential public health risks and warrants further investigation regarding the driving factors of such resistance and their transmission to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Panpan Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gang Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common pathogen causing infections from skin to systemic infections. The success of S. aureus infections can partially be attributed to its antibiotic resistance and to its ability to form biofilm. An increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) becomes a global public health problem in recent decades. Here, the effects of tea catechin extracts on the growth and biofilm formation of three MRSA strains were investigated. The results revealed that tea catechin extracts potently suppressed MRSA growth, and the minimal inhibitory concentration of tea catechin extracts against these MRSA strains was 0.1 g/L. Then, tea catechin extracts inhibited biofilm formation of these strains in a dose-dependent manner measured with a colorimetric method, and the inhibitory effect was also demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy assay. Moreover, adhesin genes biofilm-associated protein (bap), bone sialoprotein-binding protein (bbp), collagen-binding protein (cna), clumping factors A (clfA), fibronectin binding protein A and B (fnbA and fnbB), and intercellular adhesion gene BC (icaBC) were scanned, and the results shown that fnbA and icaBC were present in these three strains. Furthermore, tea catechin extracts depressed fnbA and icaBC expression in the strains. Therefore, inhibition of biofilm formation by tea catechin extracts probably was associated with downregulation of fnbA and icaBC expression in these strains.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen P, Sun F, Feng W, Hong H, Li B, Song J. Pathogenic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from arthroplasty infections. Int J Artif Organs 2020; 44:208-214. [PMID: 32783484 DOI: 10.1177/0391398820948877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus has a great ability to form biofilms on implant-related biomaterials. This study aimed to investigate the resistance, biofilm and molecular characteristics of S. aureus strains isolated from patients with postoperative infections after arthroplasty in two Chinese tertiary care hospitals during 2017 to 2018. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method. Bacterial biofilm formation was determined by crystal violet staining. The genes related to biofilm formation and molecular typing were analyzed by PCR amplification. RESULTS A total of 33 isolates were collected, 21 of which were from Henan. The strains were completely sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and nitrofurantoin. All the isolates had adhesion ability and could produce biofilms. Of the isolates, 75.0% from Chongqing and 85.7% from Henan had stronger biofilm formation abilities. The strains from Henan had slightly higher resistance, adhesion and biofilm-forming abilities than those from Chongqing. The strains in both hospitals carried at least two genes related to biofilm formation, and the ica and fnb genes were the most frequently detected genes. Three SCCmec types and seven sequence types (STs) were found in Henan, and two SCCmec types and six STs were found in Chongqing. ST239-SCCmec III was the main epidemic clone in the two hospitals. CONCLUSION The resistance phenotype and molecular characteristics of S. aureus strains varied in different hospitals. The results reflect the potential risks of S. aureus infection in postoperative arthroplasty patients. Our study provides a powerful basis for the clinical treatment, infection control and monitoring of outbreaks of epidemic strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Hong
- Clinic of Zhengchangzhuang Sanatorium for Retired Cadres, Logistics Department of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Elsayed MM, Elgohary FA, Zakaria AI, Elkenany RM, El-Khateeb AY. Novel eradication methods for Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in poultry farms and abattoirs using disinfectants loaded onto silver and copper nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30716-30728. [PMID: 32468379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the nanotechnology field have created opportunities to design new biomaterials for Staphylococcus aureus biofilm eradication. These biomaterials including disinfectant-loaded nanoparticles could overcome the limitations of conventional disinfectants. The objective of this study was to assess the biocidal activity of five commercial disinfectants (DC&R®, VirkonS®, TH4++, Tek-Trol, and peracetic acid) alone and as with silver and copper nanocomposites on S. aureus biofilm at different concentrations and exposure times. Consequently, 227 samples were collected from two broiler farms, two-layer farms, and three abattoirs at El-Dakahlia Province, Egypt, during summer 2018. The samples were collected from birds as well as the surrounding environment. S. aureus strains were isolated and biofilm producers were phenotypically evaluated by Congo red agar (CRA) test. Besides, 4 biofilm-associated genes including bap, fnbA, cna, and ebps were genotypically detected by PCR technology. Out of 227 collected samples, 141 (62.1%) strains were identified as S. aureus, while 127 strains (90.1%) were S. aureus biofilm producers for all examined samples except for hand swabs of abattoir workers. The prevalence of fnbA and bap genes was 79.5% (101/127) and 20.5% (26/127), respectively but, no strains harbored cna or ebps genes. Tested nanocomposites were prepared using an aqueous solution of metal salts such as copper sulfate and silver nitrate and added to the same amount of disinfectant solution. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential which showed spherical and elongated particles and with a surface charge of disinfectants-silver and copper nanocomposites-of 2.92 and 3.43 mV, respectively. Complete eradication of S. aureus biofilm was observed after treatment with disinfectants loaded onto silver (AgNPs) and copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles in varying concentrations as well as at different exposure times in comparing to disinfectants alone. Our results exhibited the potential applications of disinfectant nanocomposites in complete eradication of S. aureus biofilm in farms and abattoirs without developing of disinfectant resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Elgohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira I Zakaria
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Elkenany
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Y El-Khateeb
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Solis-Velazquez OA, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M, Guerreo-Medina PJ, Rosas-García MDL, Iñiguez-Moreno M, Avila-Novoa MG. Nosocomial pathogen biofilms on biomaterials: Different growth medium conditions and components of biofilms produced in vitro. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:1038-1047. [PMID: 32680693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE (S) Nosocomial pathogens can develop biofilms on hospital surfaces and medical devices; however, few studies have focused on the evaluation of mono-and dual-species biofilms developed by nosocomial pathogens under different growth conditions. METHODS This study investigated biofilm development by nosocomial pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on biomaterials in different culture media and their components of the extracellular matrix biofilm. RESULTS The mono-species biofilms showed cell densities from 7.50 to 9.27 Log10 CFU/cm2 on natural rubber latex type I (NLTI) and from 7.58 to 8.79 Log10 CFU/cm2 on stainless steel (SS). Dual-species biofilms consisted of S. aureus + P. aeruginosa (7.87-8.27 Log10 CFU/cm2 in TSBP and TSBME onto SS; p < 0.05), E. coli + P. aeruginosa (8.32-8.86 Log10 CFU/cm2 in TSBME onto SS and TSBP onto NLTI; p < 0.05), and S. aureus + E. coli (7.82 Log10 CFU/cm2 in TSBME onto SS; p < 0.05). Furthermore, biofilm detachment after proteinase K treatment was 5.54-32.81% compared to 7.95-24.15% after DNase I treatment in the mono-dual species biofilm matrix. Epifluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled visualizing the bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms on SS and NLTI. CONCLUSION Nosocomial pathogens can develop biofilms on biomaterials. Mono-species biofilms of Gram-negative bacteria showed lower densities than dual-species biofilms in TSBME and TSBP. Additionally, dual-species biofilms showed a higher concentration of proteins and eDNA in the extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alberto Solis-Velazquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerreo-Medina
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Rosas-García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Biofilm Production Ability, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus aureus from Various Veterinary Hospitals. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040264. [PMID: 32260416 PMCID: PMC7238219 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most clinically important zoonotic pathogens, but an understanding of the prevalence, biofilm formulation ability, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes of S. aureus from veterinary hospitals is lacking. By characterizing S. aureus in different origins of veterinary hospitals in Guangzhou, China, in 2019, we identified with the presence of S. aureus in pets (17.1%), veterinarians (31.7%), airborne dust (19.1%), environmental surfaces (4.3%), and medical device surfaces (10.8%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Staphylococcus protein A (spa) typing analyses demonstrated methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) ST398-t571, MSSA ST188-t189, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ST59-t437 were the most prevalent lineage. S. aureus with similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types distributed widely in different kinds of samples. The crystal violet straining assays revealed 100% (3/3) of MRSA ST59 and 81.8% (9/11) of MSSA ST188 showed strong biofilm formulation ability, whereas other STs (ST1, ST5, ST7, ST15, ST88, ST398, ST3154 and ST5353) showed weak biofilm production ability. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the most prevalent leucocidin, staphylococcal enterotoxins, ica operon, and adhesion genes were lukD-lukE (49.0%), sec-sel (15.7%), icaA-icaB-icaC-icaR (100.0%), and fnbB-cidA-fib-ebps-eno (100.0%), respectively. Our study showed that the isolates with strong biofilm production ability had a higher prevalence in clfA, clfB, fnbA and sdrC genes compared to the isolates with weak biofilm production ability. Furthermore, 2 ST1-MRSA isolates with tst gene and 1 ST88-MSSA isolate with lukS/F-PV gene were detected. In conclusion, the clonal dissemination of S. aureus of different origins in veterinary hospitals may have occurred; the biofilm production capacity of S. aureus is strongly correlated with ST types; some adhesion genes such as clfA, clfB, fnbA, and sdrC may pose an influence on biofilm production ability and the emergence of lukS/F-PV and tst genes in S. aureus from veterinary hospitals should raise our vigilance.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu S, Jiang B, Jia C, Wu H, Shen J, Hu X, Xie Z. Investigation of biofilm production and its association with genetic and phenotypic characteristics of OM (osteomyelitis) and non-OM orthopedic Staphylococcus aureus. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2020; 19:10. [PMID: 32220258 PMCID: PMC7099788 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a primary pathogen of orthopedic infections. By mediating antimicrobial resistance, S. aureus biofilm plays an important role in the recalcitrance of orthopedic infections, especially for the intractable osteomyelitis (OM). This study investigated the relationship between biofilm production and various genetic or phenotypic characteristics among orthopedic S. aureus strains. Methods A total of 137 orthopedic S. aureus isolates were enrolled and divided into OM and non-OM groups. Biofilm production was evaluated using the crystal violet assay. Genetic and phenotypic characteristics including MRSA identification, MLST and spa typing, carriage of virulence genes, drug resistance, and patients’ inflammatory responses indicators were characterized. The relationship between biofilm production and above-mentioned features was respectively analyzed among all isolates and compared between OM and non-OM isolates. Results Biofilm production presented no significant difference between OM (including 9 MRSA isolates) and non-OM (including 21 MRSA isolates) strains. We found that ST88, t377 and ST630-MSSA-t377 strains produced very strong biofilms, while MLST types of ST15, ST25, ST398, ST5, ST59 and spa types of t002, t2325, t437 tended to produce weaker biofilms. Strains with the following profiles produced stronger biofilms: fib(+)-hlgv(+)-lukED(+)-sei(-)-sem(-)-seo(-) for all isolates, sei(-)-sem(-)-seo(-) for OM isolates, and cna (+)-fib (+)-hlgv (+)-lukED (+)-seb(-)-sed(-) for non-OM isolates. In addition, not any single drug resistance was found to be related to biofilm production. We also observed that, among OM patients, strains with stronger biofilms caused weaker inflammatory responses. Conclusion Some genetic or phenotypic characteristics of orthopedic strains were associated with biofilm production, and this association could be different among OM and non-OM strains. The results are of great significance for better understanding, evaluating and managing different kinds of biofilm-associated orthopedic infections, and provide potential targets for biofilm clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Main Street 30#, District Shapingba, Chongqing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Dujiangyan Medical Center, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Main Street 30#, District Shapingba, Chongqing, China.,Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Main Street 30#, District Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Main Street 30#, District Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongri Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Main Street 30#, District Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Main Street 30#, District Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Main Street 30#, District Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan Main Street 30#, District Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Samadi R, Ghalavand Z, Mirnejad R, Nikmanesh B, Eslami G. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Children Patients in Iran. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3849-3857. [PMID: 31849502 PMCID: PMC6910858 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s229394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes high rates of mortality and a substantial burden to health systems worldwide. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolated from children referred to Children’s Medical Center in Tehran. Materials and methods A total of 98 MRSA isolates were collected from children. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined using the disk diffusion and E-test methods. The presence of biofilm encoding genes and the pvl gene were determined by PCR. We used the microtiter plate method to assess the ability of biofilm formation. The MRSA isolates were further analyzed using PFGE and SCCmec typing. Results Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that the highest and the lowest antibiotic resistance percentage were related to erythromycin (62%) and minocycline (10%), respectively. Overall, 63% of MRSA isolates were biofilm producers. Resistance to two antibiotics such as erythromycin (72% vs 28%, P=0.01) and clindamycin (71% vs 29%, P=0.04) was higher among biofilm producers than non-biofilm producers. All strains had biofilm-forming genes and the prevalence of pvl gene was 41%. Most MRSA isolates belonged to SCCmec IVa (75%) and SCCmec III (18%). In PFGE technique, 5 common types and 2 single types were identified; Common type 1 with 37 isolates was dominant clone. Conclusion We thus report preliminary data on the prevalence and distribution of MRSA genotypes in Tehran Children’s Hospital. These findings characterize the MRSA colonization dynamics in child patients in Iran and may aid the design of strategies to prevent MRSA infection and dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Samadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghalavand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Eslami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen Q, Xie S, Lou X, Cheng S, Liu X, Zheng W, Zheng Z, Wang H. Biofilm formation and prevalence of adhesion genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different food sources. Microbiologyopen 2019; 9:e00946. [PMID: 31769202 PMCID: PMC6957440 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess biofilm formation ability and identify differences in the prevalence of genes involved in biofilm formation among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different food samples, the ability of biofilm formation among 97 S. aureus strains was evaluated using a colorimetric microtiter plate assay. Thirteen genes encoding microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules, and the intracellular adhesion genes were detected by PCR using specific primers. Approximately 72% of the isolates produced biofilms. Among these isolates, 54.64% were weak biofilm producers, while 14.43% and 3.09% produced moderate and strong biofilms, respectively. The icaADBC, clfA/B, cidA, and fib genes were detected in all the S. aureus strains, whereas the bap gene was not present in any of the strains. The occurrence of other adhesin genes varied greatly between biofilm‐producing and nonbiofilm‐producing strains. However, a significant difference was observed between these two groups with respect to the fnbpB, cna, ebps, and sdrC genes. No obvious evidence was found to support the link between PFGE strain typing and the capacity for biofilm formation. Considerable variation in biofilm formation ability was observed among S. aureus strains isolated from food samples. The prevalence of adhesin‐encoding genes also varied greatly within strains. This study highlights the importance of biofilm formation and the adhesins of S. aureus strains in food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sangma Xie
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqin Lou
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhibei Zheng
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoqiu Wang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang F, Zhang S, Shang X, Li H, Zhang H, Cui D, Wang X, Wang L, Yan Z, Sun Y. Short communication: Detection and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis cases in China. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:840-845. [PMID: 31733844 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from cases of subclinical bovine mastitis in China, as well as resistance mechanisms and virulence genes encoding adhesins and toxins. We determined antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method, and analyzed resistance, adhesin, and toxin genes using PCR. We confirmed MRSA in 73 of 498 (14.7%) Staph. aureus isolates recovered from subclinical mastitic milk samples. All isolates were positive for mecA. The MRSA isolates showed high resistance to penicillin (100.0%), gentamicin (100.0%), and tetracycline (98.6%). All MRSA isolates harbored resistance genes blaZ (penicillin), aacA/aphD (gentamicin), and tetM (alone or in combination with tetK, tetracycline). Moreover, all isolates carried the adhesin genes fnbpA, clfA, clfB, cna, sdrE, and map/eap, and most carried sdrC (98.6%), sdrD (95.9%), bbp (94.5%), and ebpS (80.8%). The toxin genes seh, hla, and hld were present in all isolates, and most isolates carried sea (71.2%), seg (84.9%), sei (82.2%), lukE-lukD (97.3%), and hlg (72.6%). These findings of high-level resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in dairy cattle should lead to calls for antibiogram analysis before antimicrobial therapy. The high frequency of adhesin and toxin genes in MRSA indicates their potential virulence in bovine mastitis in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Shidong Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Dongan Cui
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xurong Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Co-regulation of CodY and (p)ppGpp synthetases on morphology and pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis. Microbiol Res 2019; 223-225:88-98. [PMID: 31178056 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CodY and (p)ppGpp synthetases are two important global regulators of bacteria. In some pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, the GTP pool links these two regulatory systems, and introducing a codY mutant into the ΔrelA strain restored the pathogenicity of the attenuated ΔrelA mutant. In previous studies, we identified the (p)ppGpp synthetases (RelA and RelQ) and CodY of Streptococcus suis. To understand the interrelationships between these two regulators in S. suis, a ΔrelAΔrelQΔcodY mutant was constructed, and its growth, morphology, and pathogenicity were evaluated. Compared with ΔrelAΔrelQ, ΔcodY, its growth was very slow, but its chain length was partly restored to the wild-type length and its capsule became thick and rough. The adherence, invasion ability, and resistance to whole-blood killing in vitro of ΔrelAΔrelQΔcodY and its lethality and colonization ability in mice were clearly reduced, which differs from the effects of these mutations in L. monocytogenes. An analysis of gene expression showed that CodY interacted with the relA promoter in a GTP-independent manner to positively regulate the expression of relA. The introduction of a codY mutant into the ΔrelAΔrelQ strain further reduced the expression of virulence factors, which suggests a novel interaction between the (p)ppGpp synthetases and CodY. This study extends our understanding of the relationship between the (p)ppGpp-mediated stringent response and the regulation of CodY in S. suis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Molecular characterisation and biofilm production in Staphylococcusaureus isolates from the dairy production chain in Northern Italy. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
29
|
Haddad O, Merghni A, Elargoubi A, Rhim H, Kadri Y, Mastouri M. Comparative study of virulence factors among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:560. [PMID: 30424731 PMCID: PMC6234561 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recognized worldwide as a leading cause of hospital and community infections. Biofilm formation by MRSA is an extremely important virulence factor to be understood. Our aim was to establish phenotypic and genotypic characterization of virulence factors among 43 MRSA clinical isolates in a Tunisian hospital. Methods We investigated enzymatic profiles, biofilm production and prevalences of genes encoding intracellular adhesion molecules (icaA and icaD), Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules genes (fnbA, fnbB and cna) and exoenzymes genes (geh, sspA and sspB). Results Our findings revealed that caseinase, gelatinase, lipase and lecithinase activities were detected in 100%, 100%, 76.6% and 93.3% of cases respectively. This study showed that 23 strains (76.7%) were slime producers on Congo red medium. Furthermore, 46.5% and 53.5% of isolates were respectively highly and moderately biofilm-forming on polystyrene. Significant association was found between both biofilm tests. PCR detection showed that 74.4%, 18.6%, 69.8%, 65.1% and 74.4% of isolates harbored fnbA, fnbB, icaA, icaD and cna genes respectively. In addition, 34.9%, 18.6% and 30.2% of MRSA strains were found positive for sspA, sspB and geh genes respectively. Further, statistical data showed that the presence of the fnbA and fnbB genes was significantly associated with a high biofilm production on polystyrene. However, no statistical association was observed for the icaA, icaD and cna genes. Conclusions This study indicates that the detection of fnbA and fnbB contributing to the first step of biofilm formation has been predictable of high biofilm production. As studied factors contribute to MRSA virulence, this research could be of value in orienting towards the development of new preventive and therapeutic measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ons Haddad
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Fatouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie. .,Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissible et Substances Biologiquement Actives, LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie.
| | - Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissible et Substances Biologiquement Actives, LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Aida Elargoubi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Fatouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissible et Substances Biologiquement Actives, LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Hajer Rhim
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Fatouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissible et Substances Biologiquement Actives, LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Yosr Kadri
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Fatouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissible et Substances Biologiquement Actives, LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Fatouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissible et Substances Biologiquement Actives, LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Food Contact Surfaces in the Dairy Industry of Jalisco, Mexico. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/1746139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important food-borne pathogen able to form biofilms. This pathogen is responsible for outbreaks of food-borne illnesses associated with the consumption of milk and dairy products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-forming ability of S. aureus isolates, recovered from food contact surfaces in the dairy industry of Jalisco, Mexico. A total of 84 S. aureus strains were evaluated. The isolates were characterized phenotypically by culture on Congo red agar plates. The ability of the strains to form biofilms was investigated in 96-well flat-bottomed microtiter polystyrene plates. Stainless-steel coupons were used as an experimental surface. Biofilm formation was observed, using epifluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Detection of the icaADBC genes in S. aureus was performed by the PCR technique. A total of 52.3% (44/84) of the S. aureus strains contained the icaADBC gene that synthesizes polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) molecules. On Congo red agar, 75% (63/84) of the S. aureus isolates were biofilm producers, 16.6% (14/84) were non-biofilm formers, and 8.3% (7/84) showed a noncharacteristic phenotype. The biofilm production of the S. aureus strains SA-4E, SA-9, SA-13, and SA-19 on stainless-steel coupons was investigated at 25°C for 8 days, and the detected cell population density was approximately 7.15–7.82 log CFU cm−2. In addition to the ability of biofilm production, it is important to highlight that these strains are potential enterotoxin producers as se genes have been previously detected in their genomes. A part of the ability of biofilm production and the determination of the presence of virulence determinants in the genome of S. aureus can contribute to the pathogenicity of strains. Therefore, vigilant food safety practices need to be implemented in the dairy industries regarding FCS to prevent food-borne infections and intoxications due to S. aureus contamination.
Collapse
|
31
|
Puah SM, Tan JAMA, Chew CH, Chua KH. Diverse Profiles of Biofilm and Adhesion Genes in Staphylococcus Aureus Food Strains Isolated from Sushi and Sashimi. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2337-2342. [PMID: 30101982 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is able to form multilayer biofilms embedded within a glycocalyx or slime layer. Biofilm formation poses food contamination risks and can subsequently increase the risk of food poisoning. Identification of food-related S. aureus strains will provide additional data on staphylococcal food poisoning involved in biofilm formation. A total of 52 S. aureus strains isolated from sushi and sashimi was investigated to study their ability for biofilm formation using crystal violet staining. The presence of accessory gene regulator (agr) groups and 15 adhesion genes was screened and their associations in biofilm formation were studied. All 52 S. aureus strains showed biofilm production on the tested hydrophobic surface with 44% (23/52) strains classified as strong, 33% (17/52) as moderate, and 23% (12/52) as weak biofilm producers. The frequency of agr-positive strains was 71% (agr group 1 = 21 strains; agr group 2 = 2 strains; agr group 3 = 12 strains; agr group 4 = 2 strains) whereas agr-negative strains were 29% (15/52). Twelve adhesion genes were detected and 98% of the S. aureus strains carried at least one adhesion gene. The ebps was significantly (p < .05) associated with strong biofilm producing strains. In addition, eno, clfA, icaAD, sasG, fnbB, cna, and sasC were significantly higher in the agr-positive group compared to the agr-negative group. The results of this study suggest that the presence of ebps, eno, clfA, icaAD, sasG, fnbB, cna, and sasC may play an important role in enhancing the stage of biofilm-related infections and warrants further investigation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This work contributes to the knowledge on the biofilm formation and the distribution of agr groups in S. aureus strains as well as microbial surface components in recognizing adherence matrix molecules of organisms isolated from ready-to-eat sushi and sashimi. The findings provide valuable information to further study the roles of specific genes in causing biofilm-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suat Moi Puah
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Malaya, Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ching Hoong Chew
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univ. Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Malaya, Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Belyi Y, Rybolovlev I, Polyakov N, Chernikova A, Tabakova I, Gintsburg A. Staphylococcus Aureus Surface Protein G is An Immunodominant Protein and a Possible Target in An Anti-Biofilm Drug Development. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:94-106. [PMID: 29785216 PMCID: PMC5944129 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes severe illnesses in the human population. The capacity of S. aureus strains to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces creates serious problems for treatment of hospital infections and has stimulated efforts to develop new means of specific protection or immunotherapy. Material and Methods We found that rabbit serum raised against crude concentrated S. aureus liquid culture significantly decreased the development of staphylococcal biofilm in vitro. To discover the corresponding staphylococcal antigen, we used mass-spectrometry and molecular cloning and identified three major immunodominant proteins. They included α-haemolysin, serine proteinase SplB and S. aureus surface protein G, known as adhesin SasG. Results Although according to literature data, all these proteins represent virulence factors of S. aureus and play diverse and important roles in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal diseases, only SasG can be directly implicated into the biofilm formation because of its surface location on a staphylococcal cell. Indeed, rabbit serum directed against purified recombinant SasG, similar to serum against crude staphylococcal liquid culture, prevented the formation of a biofilm. Conclusion SasG can be considered as a target in an anti-biofilm drug development and a component of the vaccine or immunotherapeutic preparations directed against staphylococcal infections in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Belyi
- Gamaleya Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Rybolovlev
- Gamaleya Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Polyakov
- Gamaleya Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.,Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina Tabakova
- Gamaleya Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iñiguez-Moreno M, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M, Guerrero-Medina PJ, Avila-Novoa MG. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. under mono and dual-species conditions and their sensitivity to cetrimonium bromide, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:310-319. [PMID: 29100930 PMCID: PMC5913829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluated the biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus 4E and Salmonella spp. under mono and dual-species biofilms, onto stainless steel 316 (SS) and polypropylene B (PP), and their sensitivity to cetrimonium bromide, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. The biofilms were developed by immersion of the surfaces in TSB by 10 d at 37°C. The results showed that in monospecies biofilms the type of surface not affected the cellular density (p>0.05). However, in dual-species biofilms on PP the adhesion of Salmonella spp. was favored, 7.61±0.13Log10CFU/cm2, compared with monospecies biofilms onto the same surface, 5.91±0.44Log10CFU/cm2 (p<0.05). The mono and dual-species biofilms were subjected to disinfection treatments; and the most effective disinfectant was peracetic acid (3500ppm), reducing by more than 5Log10CFU/cm2, while the least effective was cetrimonium bromide. In addition, S. aureus 4E and Salmonella spp. were more resistant to the disinfectants in mono than in dual-species biofilms (p<0.05). Therefore, the interspecies interactions between S. aureus 4E and Salmonella spp. had a negative effect on the antimicrobial resistance of each microorganism, compared with the monospecies biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Iñiguez-Moreno
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerrero-Medina
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Åvall-Jääskeläinen S, Taponen S, Kant R, Paulin L, Blom J, Palva A, Koort J. Comparative genome analysis of 24 bovine-associated Staphylococcus isolates with special focus on the putative virulence genes. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4560. [PMID: 29610707 PMCID: PMC5880176 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are most commonly isolated from subclinical mastitis. Different NAS species may, however, have diverse effects on the inflammatory response in the udder. We determined the genome sequences of 20 staphylococcal isolates from clinical or subclinical bovine mastitis, belonging to the NAS species Staphylococcus agnetis, S. chromogenes, and S. simulans, and focused on the putative virulence factor genes present in the genomes. For comparison we used our previously published genome sequences of four S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. The pan-genome and core genomes of the non-aureus isolates were characterized. After that, putative virulence factor orthologues were searched in silico. We compared the presence of putative virulence factors in the NAS species and S. aureus and evaluated the potential association between bacterial genotype and type of mastitis (clinical vs. subclinical). The NAS isolates had much less virulence gene orthologues than the S. aureus isolates. One third of the virulence genes were detected only in S. aureus. About 100 virulence genes were present in all S. aureus isolates, compared to about 40 to 50 in each NAS isolate. S. simulans differed the most. Several of the virulence genes detected among NAS were harbored only by S. simulans, but it also lacked a number of genes present both in S. agnetis and S. chromogenes. The type of mastitis was not associated with any specific virulence gene profile. It seems that the virulence gene profiles or cumulative number of different virulence genes are not directly associated with the type of mastitis (clinical or subclinical), indicating that host derived factors such as the immune status play a pivotal role in the manifestation of mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silja Åvall-Jääskeläinen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Taponen
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanna Koort
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sharma V, Sharma S, Dahiya DK, Khan A, Mathur M, Sharma A. Coagulase gene polymorphism, enterotoxigenecity, biofilm production, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine raw milk in North West India. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:65. [PMID: 28931414 PMCID: PMC5607506 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant bacterium responsible for various diseases in animals and humans. Preventive strategies could be better implemented by understanding the prevalence, genetic patterns, and the presence of enterotoxin and biofilm-producing genes along with the antibiotic susceptibility of this organism. This study was conducted in Rajasthan, the northwestern state of India, holding the largest population of cattle that makes it the second largest milk producer in India and no such prior information is available on these aspects. Methods A total of 368 individual quarter bovine raw milk samples were collected from 13 districts of Rajasthan, and screened for the presence of S. aureus. Microbiological and molecular approaches were followed for bacterial identification. Genetic diversity was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) of coagulase gene (coa), whereas enterotoxin and biofilm-producing genes were studied by PCR analysis. Antibiotic strips were employed to study the antibiotic resistance among strains. Results In all, 73 S. aureus strains were obtained from 368 bovine raw milk samples out of that only 30 showed the presence of coa. Nine types of coa patterns ranging from 730 to 1130 bp were observed among these isolates. PCR–RFLP of coa distinguished the isolates into 15 genotypic patterns, of which patterns I, IV, V, and VI were predominant. Of the isolates, 30% were positive for sec, 10% for sea, and 3.3% for seb; these genes are responsible for enterotoxin production, whereas all isolates were found positive for icaAD and eno. The prevalence rates of other biofilm-producing genes fnbA, clfB, ebpS, sasG, fnbB, sasC, cna, bap, fib and, bbp were 97, 93, 90, 80, 80, 77, 53, 27, 10, and 6.6%, respectively. Twenty-seven (90%) strains were multidrug resistant, of which 15 were methicillin resistant. Maximum sensitivity was reported for kanamycin and it could be considered as a drug of choice for controlling S. aureus mediated cattle infections in the studied regions. Conclusions Overall, these strains could cause several diseases to humans, insisting the need for developing a stricter hygiene program for improving milking practices and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Sharma
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Postgraduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Bikaner, B-2 Bypass, Shiprapath, Mansarovar, Jaipur, 302020, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjita Sharma
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Postgraduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Bikaner, B-2 Bypass, Shiprapath, Mansarovar, Jaipur, 302020, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Dahiya
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Postgraduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Bikaner, B-2 Bypass, Shiprapath, Mansarovar, Jaipur, 302020, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aarif Khan
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Postgraduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Bikaner, B-2 Bypass, Shiprapath, Mansarovar, Jaipur, 302020, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manisha Mathur
- Advanced Milk Testing Research Laboratory, Postgraduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Bikaner, B-2 Bypass, Shiprapath, Mansarovar, Jaipur, 302020, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aayushi Sharma
- Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, 302004, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nagar V, Pansare Godambe L, Bandekar JR, Shashidhar R. Biofilm formation by Aeromonas
strains under food-related environmental stress conditions. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vandan Nagar
- Food Technology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400 085 India
| | | | - Jayant R. Bandekar
- Food Technology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400 085 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pereyra EA, Picech F, Renna MS, Baravalle C, Andreotti CS, Russi R, Calvinho LF, Diez C, Dallard BE. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus adhesion and biofilm-producing genes and their expression during internalization in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet Microbiol 2016; 183:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
38
|
High Frequency of icaAD, clumping factors A/B, fib and eno Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Species Isolated From Wounds in Tehran, Iran during 2012-2013. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
39
|
Arciola CR, Campoccia D, Ravaioli S, Montanaro L. Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin in biofilm: structural and regulatory aspects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:7. [PMID: 25713785 PMCID: PMC4322838 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the leading etiologic agents of implant-related infections. Biofilm formation is the main pathogenetic mechanism leading to the chronicity and irreducibility of infections. The extracellular polymeric substances of staphylococcal biofilms are the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), extracellular-DNA, proteins, and amyloid fibrils. PIA is a poly-β(1-6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), partially deacetylated, positively charged, whose synthesis is mediated by the icaADBC locus. DNA sequences homologous to ica locus are present in many coagulase-negative staphylococcal species, among which S. lugdunensis, however, produces a biofilm prevalently consisting of proteins. The product of icaA is an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that synthetizes PIA oligomers from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. The product of icaD gives optimal efficiency to IcaA. The product of icaC is involved in the externalization of the nascent polysaccharide. The product of icaB is an N-deacetylase responsible for the partial deacetylation of PIA. The expression of ica locus is affected by environmental conditions. In S. aureus and S. epidermidis ica-independent alternative mechanisms of biofilm production have been described. S. epidermidis and S. aureus undergo to a phase variation for the biofilm production that has been ascribed, in turn, to the transposition of an insertion sequence in the icaC gene or to the expansion/contraction of a tandem repeat naturally harbored within icaC. A role is played by the quorum sensing system, which negatively regulates biofilm formation, favoring the dispersal phase that disseminates bacteria to new infection sites. Interfering with the QS system is a much debated strategy to combat biofilm-related infections. In the search of vaccines against staphylococcal infections deacetylated PNAG retained on the surface of S. aureus favors opsonophagocytosis and is a potential candidate for immune-protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Renata Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, Italy ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, Italy ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, Italy ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hattangady DS, Singh AK, Muthaiyan A, Jayaswal RK, Gustafson JE, Ulanov AV, Li Z, Wilkinson BJ, Pfeltz RF. Genomic, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Studies of Two Well-Characterized, Laboratory-Derived Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Strains Derived from the Same Parent Strain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:76-112. [PMID: 27025616 PMCID: PMC4790321 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete genome comparisons, transcriptomic and metabolomic studies were performed on two laboratory-selected, well-characterized vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) derived from the same parent MRSA that have changes in cell wall composition and decreased autolysis. A variety of mutations were found in the VISA, with more in strain 13136p(-)m⁺V20 (vancomycin MIC = 16 µg/mL) than strain 13136p(-)m⁺V5 (MIC = 8 µg/mL). Most of the mutations have not previously been associated with the VISA phenotype; some were associated with cell wall metabolism and many with stress responses, notably relating to DNA damage. The genomes and transcriptomes of the two VISA support the importance of gene expression regulation to the VISA phenotype. Similarities in overall transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that the VISA physiologic state includes elements of the stringent response, such as downregulation of protein and nucleotide synthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway and nutrient transport systems. Gene expression for secreted virulence determinants was generally downregulated, but was more variable for surface-associated virulence determinants, although capsule formation was clearly inhibited. The importance of activated stress response elements could be seen across all three analyses, as in the accumulation of osmoprotectant metabolites such as proline and glutamate. Concentrations of potential cell wall precursor amino acids and glucosamine were increased in the VISA strains. Polyamines were decreased in the VISA, which may facilitate the accrual of mutations. Overall, the studies confirm the wide variability in mutations and gene expression patterns that can lead to the VISA phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipti S Hattangady
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Atul K Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Arun Muthaiyan
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | | | - John E Gustafson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Alexander V Ulanov
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61807, USA.
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61807, USA.
| | - Brian J Wilkinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Richard F Pfeltz
- BD Diagnostic Systems, Microbiology Research and Development, Sparks, MD 21152, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pinto JB, Rossatto FCP, Martins PD, Frazzon APG. Genetic relationships and virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw poultry in South Brazil. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-1031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
|
42
|
Arciola CR, Campoccia D, Ravaioli S, Montanaro L. Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin in biofilm: structural and regulatory aspects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 25713785 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00007/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the leading etiologic agents of implant-related infections. Biofilm formation is the main pathogenetic mechanism leading to the chronicity and irreducibility of infections. The extracellular polymeric substances of staphylococcal biofilms are the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), extracellular-DNA, proteins, and amyloid fibrils. PIA is a poly-β(1-6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), partially deacetylated, positively charged, whose synthesis is mediated by the icaADBC locus. DNA sequences homologous to ica locus are present in many coagulase-negative staphylococcal species, among which S. lugdunensis, however, produces a biofilm prevalently consisting of proteins. The product of icaA is an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that synthetizes PIA oligomers from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. The product of icaD gives optimal efficiency to IcaA. The product of icaC is involved in the externalization of the nascent polysaccharide. The product of icaB is an N-deacetylase responsible for the partial deacetylation of PIA. The expression of ica locus is affected by environmental conditions. In S. aureus and S. epidermidis ica-independent alternative mechanisms of biofilm production have been described. S. epidermidis and S. aureus undergo to a phase variation for the biofilm production that has been ascribed, in turn, to the transposition of an insertion sequence in the icaC gene or to the expansion/contraction of a tandem repeat naturally harbored within icaC. A role is played by the quorum sensing system, which negatively regulates biofilm formation, favoring the dispersal phase that disseminates bacteria to new infection sites. Interfering with the QS system is a much debated strategy to combat biofilm-related infections. In the search of vaccines against staphylococcal infections deacetylated PNAG retained on the surface of S. aureus favors opsonophagocytosis and is a potential candidate for immune-protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Renata Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, Italy ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, Italy ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute Bologna, Italy ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bui LMG, Turnidge JD, Kidd SP. The induction of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation or Small Colony Variants is a strain-specific response to host-generated chemical stresses. Microbes Infect 2014; 17:77-82. [PMID: 25284682 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is extremely versatile. It has a capacity to persist within its host by switching to the alternative lifestyles of biofilm or Small Colony Variants (SCV). The induction of this switch has been presumed to be in response to stressed conditions, however the environmental basis has not been thoroughly investigated. We assessed the response of numerous strains to chemicals that are present in human host. There were some that induced a biofilm or SCV phenotype and indeed some inducing both lifestyles. This result illustrates the diversity within a population and a strain-specific adaptation to the presence of host-generated stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long M G Bui
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - John D Turnidge
- SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen P Kidd
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chagnot C, Zorgani MA, Astruc T, Desvaux M. Proteinaceous determinants of surface colonization in bacteria: bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation from a protein secretion perspective. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:303. [PMID: 24133488 PMCID: PMC3796261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of biotic or abiotic surfaces results from two quite distinct physiological processes, namely bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Broadly speaking, a biofilm is defined as the sessile development of microbial cells. Biofilm formation arises following bacterial adhesion but not all single bacterial cells adhering reversibly or irreversibly engage inexorably into a sessile mode of growth. Among molecular determinants promoting bacterial colonization, surface proteins are the most functionally diverse active components. To be present on the bacterial cell surface, though, a protein must be secreted in the first place. Considering the close association of secreted proteins with their cognate secretion systems, the secretome (which refers both to the secretion systems and their protein substrates) is a key concept to apprehend the protein secretion and related physiological functions. The protein secretion systems are here considered in light of the differences in the cell-envelope architecture between diderm-LPS (archetypal Gram-negative), monoderm (archetypal Gram-positive) and diderm-mycolate (archetypal acid-fast) bacteria. Besides, their cognate secreted proteins engaged in the bacterial colonization process are regarded from single protein to supramolecular protein structure as well as the non-classical protein secretion. This state-of-the-art on the complement of the secretome (the secretion systems and their cognate effectors) involved in the surface colonization process in diderm-LPS and monoderm bacteria paves the way for future research directions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chagnot
- UR454 Microbiologie, INRA Saint-Genès Champanelle, France ; UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, INRA Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|