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Eslami AA, Ebrahimi Z, Rahimi M, Fathian-Dastjerdi Z, Bagherikholenjani F. Family-based interventions in youth to prevent HIV/AIDS: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:412. [PMID: 38333157 PMCID: PMC10852181 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1419_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Parents are primary sex educators of their teenagers and also function as resources for advice and information about sexual decision-making and partner selection. So far, various family-based programs were carried out to prevent HIV infection in young people; however, their findings are contradictory and inconclusive. Therefore, we carried out the current systematic review to critically review the available literature regarding the role of family-based interventions among young people to prevent HIV infection. The available online databases including ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were searched systematically up to November 2022. The risk of bias in the eligible studies was examined by two independent authors using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. A total of 7 studies including 4952 participants were enrolled in the current study. They were conducted between 2006 and 2020. On the basis of the available literature, family-based HIV prevention interventions seem to be effective in terms of improving HIV/AIDS knowledge and also parent-youth communication. It seems that family-based interventions in youth to prevent HIV/AIDS are effective; however, further well-designed studies are needed to help the researchers reach a firm conclusion on this issue. The current systematic review may be used by investigators for future studies in terms of settings and the selection of educational approaches. Moreover, it strongly suggested that further studies investigating the role of family-based education in the prevention of HIV/AIDS utilize more sample size and also a more robust educational framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Eslami
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahimi
- Ph.D. Candidate, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Rahimi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohre Fathian-Dastjerdi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bagherikholenjani
- Ph.D. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Lohan M, Gillespie K, Aventin Á, Gough A, Warren E, Lewis R, Buckley K, McShane T, Brennan-Wilson A, Lagdon S, Adara L, McDaid L, French R, Young H, McDowell C, Logan D, Toase S, Hunter RM, Gabrio A, Clarke M, O'Hare L, Bonell C, Bailey JV, White J. School-based relationship and sexuality education intervention engaging adolescent boys for the reductions of teenage pregnancy: the JACK cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 11:1-139. [PMID: 37795864 DOI: 10.3310/ywxq8757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The need to engage boys in gender-transformative relationships and sexuality education (RSE) to reduce adolescent pregnancy is endorsed by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Objectives To evaluate the effects of If I Were Jack on the avoidance of unprotected sex and other sexual health outcomes. Design A cluster randomised trial, incorporating health economics and process evaluations. Setting Sixty-six schools across the four nations of the UK. Participants Students aged 13-14 years. Intervention A school-based, teacher-delivered, gender-transformative RSE intervention (If I Were Jack) versus standard RSE. Main outcome measures Self-reported avoidance of unprotected sex (sexual abstinence or reliable contraceptive use at last sex) after 12-14 months. Secondary outcomes included knowledge, attitudes, skills, intentions and sexual behaviours. Results The analysis population comprised 6556 students: 86.6% of students in the intervention group avoided unprotected sex, compared with 86.4% in the control group {adjusted odds ratio 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58 to 1.26], p = 0.42}. An exploratory post hoc analysis showed no difference for sexual abstinence [78.30% intervention group vs. 78.25% control group; adjusted odds ratio 0.85 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.24), p = 0.39], but more intervention group students than control group students used reliable contraception at last sex [39.62% vs. 26.36%; adjusted odds ratio 0.52 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.920), p = 0.025]. Students in schools allocated to receive the intervention had significantly higher scores on knowledge [adjusted mean difference 0.18 (95% CI 0.024 to 0.34), p = 0.02], gender-equitable attitudes and intentions to avoid unintended pregnancy [adjusted mean difference 0.61 (95% CI 0.16 to 1.07), p = 0.01] than students in schools allocated to receive the control. There were positive but non-significant differences in sexual self-efficacy and communication skills. The total mean incremental cost of the intervention compared with standard RSE was £2.83 (95% CI -£2.64 to £8.29) per student. Over a 20-year time horizon, the intervention is likely to be cost-effective owing to its impact on unprotected sex because it would result in 379 (95% CI 231 to 477) fewer unintended pregnancies, 680 (95% CI 189 to 1467) fewer sexually transmitted infections and a gain of 10 (95% CI 5 to 16) quality-adjusted life-years per 100,000 students for a cost saving of £9.89 (95% CI -£15.60 to -£3.83). Limitations The trial is underpowered to detect some effects because four schools withdrew and the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.12) was larger than that in sample size calculation (0.01). Conclusions We present, to our knowledge, the first evidence from a randomised trial that a school-based, male engagement gender-transformative RSE intervention, although not effective in increasing avoidance of unprotected sex (defined as sexual abstinence or use of reliable contraception at last sex) among all students, did increase the use of reliable contraception at last sex among students who were, or became, sexually active by 12-14 months after the intervention. The trial demonstrated that engaging all adolescents early through RSE is important so that, as they become sexually active, rates of unprotected sex are reduced, and that doing so is likely to be cost-effective. Future work Future studies should consider the longer-term effects of gender-transformative RSE as students become sexually active. Gender-transformative RSE could be adapted to address broader sexual health and other settings. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN10751359. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme (PHR 15/181/01) and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 11, No. 8. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lohan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kathryn Gillespie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Áine Aventin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aisling Gough
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emily Warren
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ruth Lewis
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kelly Buckley
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Theresa McShane
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Susan Lagdon
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Linda Adara
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lisa McDaid
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rebecca French
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Honor Young
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Sorcha Toase
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, Belfast, UK
| | - Rachael M Hunter
- Health Economics Analysis and Research Methods Team, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Gabrio
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI) School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mike Clarke
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, Belfast, UK
| | - Liam O'Hare
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - James White
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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French R, Holliday Davis M, Aronowitz SV, Crowe M, Abrams M, Edwards G, Lowenstein M. "I wouldn't need Narcan for myself, but I can have it for somebody else:" perceptions of harm reduction among hospitalized patients with OUD. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2023; 18:41. [PMID: 37355639 PMCID: PMC10290347 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-023-00395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extant literature is limited on adoption of evidence-based harm reduction strategies in hospitals. We explored patient perceptions of incorporating harm reduction supplies and education in hospital care with patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). METHODS Qualitative descriptive study of hospitalized patients with OUD in Philadelphia, PA using semi-structured interviews conducted between April and August of 2022. RESULTS Three major themes emerged from 21 interviews with hospitalized patients with OUD: (1) Applicability and Acceptability of Harm Reduction Practices for Oneself; (2) Applicability and Acceptability of Harm Reduction Practices for Others; (3) Perceptions of Harm Reduction Conversations. Most participants were familiar with harm reduction but varied in their perceptions of its relevance for their lives. We noted differences in how participants viewed the applicability and acceptably of harm reduction practices that they perceived as intended to help others (e.g., naloxone) versus intended to help themselves (e.g., syringes). Most participants reported that meaningful conversations about drug use did not happen with their care team but that these conversations would have been acceptable if they were conducted in a way consistent with their individual substance use goals. CONCLUSIONS Patients' interest and perceived acceptability of harm reduction services during hospitalization varied by individual patient factors and the perceived user of specific interventions. Given their positive potential, harm reduction practices should be incorporated in hospitals, but this must be done in a way that is acceptable to patients. Our findings reveal ways to integrate concepts from a harm reduction approach within a traditional medical model. More work is needed to understand the impact of such integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel French
- National Clinician Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania, 13th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3641 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - M Holliday Davis
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shoshana V Aronowitz
- Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3641 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Molly Crowe
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Abrams
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Grace Edwards
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 249 S 36th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Margaret Lowenstein
- Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3641 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Research Director, Center for Addiction Medicine and Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Antoine YS, Amutah-Onukagha N, Vigue R, Bolarinwa E, Nicholson V, Lacroix-Williamson L, Zabie T. Reducing the spread of HIV through intergenerational communication and engagement among African American mothers and daughters. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2022; 9:20499361221145602. [PMID: 36569814 PMCID: PMC9780759 DOI: 10.1177/20499361221145602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Nicholson
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Telesha Zabie
- School of Medicine, Windsor University, Cayon, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Sharma A, Mwamba C, Ng'andu M, Kamanga V, Zoonadi Mendamenda M, Azgad Y, Jabbie Z, Chipungu J, Pry JM. Pilot implementation of a user-driven, web-based application designed to improve sexual health knowledge and communication among young Zambians: a mixed method study (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37600. [PMID: 35797099 PMCID: PMC9305403 DOI: 10.2196/37600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital health interventions show promise in improving the uptake of HIV services among adolescents and young people aged 15 to 24 years in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective This study aimed to pilot-test a theory-based, empirically grounded web-based application designed to increase condom-related knowledge, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) communication, and healthier choices among young Zambians. Methods We conducted a pre-post quasi-experimental evaluation of the user-driven Be in the Know Zambia (BITKZ) web application using web-based surveys and in-depth interviews (IDIs) on the phone. We enrolled participants using social media advertisements. Our final analysis set comprised 46.04% (749/1627) of participants in the intervention group (which received the BITKZ link) and 53.96% (878/1627) of participants in the comparison group (no intervention). We collected survey data at study enrollment (baseline) and 5 weeks after the first enrollment in each group. Approximately 85% (637/749) of BITKZ users completed a user survey, of whom 9.3% (59/637) participated in IDIs. We calculated the time interfacing with BITKZ using the application log files. We conducted descriptive analyses to describe baseline characteristics and the user experience. At the endline, we assessed association using a t test and adjusted logistic regression for binary outcomes and ordinal regression for ordered outcomes, conditioning on age, sex, marital status, and employment status. We used adjusted average treatment effects (aATE) to assess the effects of BITKZ intervention. We conducted rapid matrix analyses of IDI transcripts in Microsoft Excel, sorting the data by theme, gender, and experience rating. Results Users rated BITKZ highly (excellent: 352/609, 57.8%; good: 218/609, 35.8%). At the endline, the intervention group had a higher level of knowledge related to condoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.35, 95% CI 1.06-1.69) and on wearing condoms correctly (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49). Those who had full-time employment had increased odds of knowing how to wear condoms correctly (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI 1.06-2.63) compared with those who reported being unemployed, as did men when compared with women (aOR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.59-2.31). Those in the intervention group were more likely to score higher for intention to test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs; aATE 0.21; P=.01) and HIV (aATE 0.32; P=.05), as well as for resisting peer pressure (aATE 2.64; P=.02). IDIs corroborated increased knowledge on correct condom use among men and female condoms among women, awareness of STIs and testing, and resistance to peer pressure. Interviewees provided examples of more open SRH communication with partners and peers and of considering, adopting, and influencing others to adopt healthier behaviors. Conclusions Despite the high baseline awareness of SRH among Zambian adolescents and young people with internet access, BITKZ provided modest gains in condom-related knowledge, resistance to peer pressure, and intention to test for STIs and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chanda Mwamba
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mwila Ng'andu
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Vikwato Kamanga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Zainab Jabbie
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jenala Chipungu
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jake M Pry
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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Ilskens K, Wrona KJ, Dockweiler C, Fischer F. Evidence map on serious games in preventing sexually transmitted infections among adolescents: Systematic review about outcome categories investigated in primary studies (Preprint). JMIR Serious Games 2021; 10:e30526. [PMID: 35107438 PMCID: PMC8851332 DOI: 10.2196/30526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a global health risk. Adolescents are at increased risk of infection for several reasons such as lack of knowledge, risky sexual behaviors, and lack of behavioral sills (eg, to negotiate safer sex). Given the fact that adolescents often use digital media and that serious games are considered to have the potential to change knowledge, attitudes and behavior, serious games represent an opportunity for the prevention of STIs. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to identify and systematically summarize the dimensions that have been investigated in primary studies on serious games targeting STI prevention among adolescents. Methods A systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science. Studies published from 2009 to 2021 were included that assessed the effectiveness of serious games on adolescent sexual health. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and were categorized according to dimensions of effectiveness and user experience. Results Various dimensions of effectiveness and aspects of user experience were investigated in the primary studies. In total, 9 dimensions of effectiveness were observed: sexual behavior, behavioral intentions, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, self-efficacy and personal limitations, character traits and future orientation, environmental and individual risk factors, risk perception and risk assessment, as well as normative beliefs and (social) norms. Furthermore, several dimensions related to user experience were investigated in primary studies, that is, motivation, acceptability, trustworthiness, comprehensibility, handling and control, perceived effectiveness, as well as satisfaction. Conclusions This review provides an overview of serious games interventions that are vastly different in approach, content, and even platform. In previous studies, knowledge has already been comprehensively assessed, and a positive influence of serious games on knowledge about sexual topics is evident. The results clearly show that adolescents’ sexual knowledge has been increased by the serious games interventions. However, methodological and content differences in the surveys make it difficult to draw conclusions about the effectiveness related to changes in attitudes and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ilskens
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kamil J Wrona
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Health, University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christoph Dockweiler
- Department of Digital Public Health and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany
- Bavarian Research Center for Digital Health and Social Care, Kempten University of Applied Sciences, Kempten, Germany
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Shegog R, Armistead L, Markham C, Dube S, Song HY, Chaudhary P, Spencer A, Peskin M, Santa Maria D, Wilkerson JM, Addy R, Tortolero Emery S, McLaughlin J. A Web-Based Game for Young Adolescents to Improve Parental Communication and Prevent Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections (The Secret of Seven Stones): Development and Feasibility Study. JMIR Serious Games 2021; 9:e23088. [PMID: 33502323 PMCID: PMC7875699 DOI: 10.2196/23088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early adolescent unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection prevention are significant public health challenges in the United States. Parental influence can help adolescents make responsible and informed sexual health decisions toward delayed sexual debut; yet parents often feel ill equipped to communicate about sex-related topics. Intergenerational games offer a potential strategy to provide life skills training to young adolescents (aged 11-14 years) while engaging them and their parents in communication about sexual health. Objective This study aims to describe the development of a web-based online sexual health intergenerational adventure game, the Secret of Seven Stones (SSS), using an intervention mapping (IM) approach for developing theory- and evidence-based interventions. Methods We followed the IM development steps to describe a theoretical and empirical model for young adolescent sexual health behavior, define target behaviors and change objectives, identify theory-based methods and practical applications to inform design and function, develop and test a prototype of 2 game levels to assess feasibility before developing the complete 18-level game, draft an implementation plan that includes a commercial dissemination strategy, and draft an evaluation plan including a study design for a randomized controlled trial efficacy trial of SSS. Results SSS comprised an adventure game for young adolescent skills training delivered via a desktop computer, a text-based notification system to provide progress updates for parents and cues to initiate dialogue with their 11- to 14-year-old child, and a website for parent skills training and progress monitoring. Formative prototype testing demonstrated feasibility for in-home use and positive usability ratings. Conclusions The SSS intergenerational game provides a unique addition to the limited cadre of home-based programs that facilitate parent involvement in influencing young adolescent behaviors and reducing adolescent sexual risk taking. The IM framework provided a logical and thorough approach to development and testing, attentive to the need for theoretical and empirical foundations in serious games for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Shegog
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Christine Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sara Dube
- The Widen Lab, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hsing-Yi Song
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pooja Chaudhary
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Angela Spencer
- Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Melissa Peskin
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diane Santa Maria
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - J Michael Wilkerson
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Addy
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susan Tortolero Emery
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Aventin Á, Gough A, McShane T, Gillespie K, O'Hare L, Young H, Lewis R, Warren E, Buckley K, Lohan M. Engaging parents in digital sexual and reproductive health education: evidence from the JACK trial. Reprod Health 2020; 17:132. [PMID: 32854734 PMCID: PMC7450800 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-00975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research evidence and international policy highlight the central role that parents play in promoting positive sexual behaviour and outcomes in their children, however they can be difficult to engage in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education programmes. Digital health promotion that uses online and mobile technologies (OMTs) to promote parent-child communication may offer an innovative solution to reach parents, however, few programmes have used OMTs to involve parents in SRH, and none have reported lessons learned in relation to optimising engagement. This study addresses this gap in the literature by reporting acceptability and feasibility of using OMTs to engage parents in SRH education. Findings will be relevant for those wishing to develop and implement digital SRH programmes with parents internationally. METHODS The Jack Trial is a UK-wide cluster randomised controlled trial recruiting over 8000 adolescents from 66 socially and religiously diverse post-primary schools. An embedded mixed-methods process evaluation explored user engagement with parent components of the If I Were Jack SRH education programme, which include online animated films and a parent-teen homework exercise. RESULTS A total of 109 adolescents, teachers, parents and SRH policy experts took part in semi-structured interviews and focus groups, 134 parents responded to an online survey, and 3179 adolescents completed a programme engagement and satisfaction questionnaire. Parents who accessed the materials were positive about them; 87% rated them as 'good or excellent' and 67% said they helped them have conversations with their child about SRH. Web analytics revealed that 27% of contacted parents accessed the digital materials, with 9% viewing the animated films. Only 38% of teachers implemented the homework exercise, mainly because they assumed that students would not complete it or it might result in backlash from parents. CONCLUSIONS While digital parental materials show promise for engaging parents in SRH education, this study suggests that in order to optimise engagement, parental components that give parents the necessary skills to have conversations with their children about sex should be coupled with efforts to increase school and teacher confidence to communicate with parents on sensitive topics. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN99459996 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine Aventin
- School of Nursing & Midwifery and Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Aisling Gough
- School of Nursing & Midwifery and Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Theresa McShane
- School of Nursing & Midwifery and Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kathryn Gillespie
- School of Nursing & Midwifery and Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Liam O'Hare
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work and Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Honor Young
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ruth Lewis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Univeristy of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Emily Warren
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
| | - Kelly Buckley
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Maria Lohan
- School of Nursing & Midwifery and Centre for Evidence and Social Innovation, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Pasqualini M, De Rose A. Parent-child communication about sex and romantic feelings: does having older siblings make a difference? GENUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41118-020-00097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractParental involvement in sex education and the quality of parent-child communication about romantic feelings appear to have a protective effect on adolescent sexual behaviours. However, little research has been conducted on the role played by birth order in the level of parental involvement in sex education. This is the first study seeking to address if the quality of parent-child communication about sex and romantic sentiments differs according to whether respondents have—or do not have—older siblings in Italy. Hypotheses concerning the role of sib-ship gender composition have been tested in order to explain potential intervening mechanisms. Data were drawn from the Sexual and Emotional Life of Youths survey (SELFY), a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2000 and in 2017 on Italian university students (N = 12,265). Our findings identify later-born children as the least likely to confide in parents. Although boys are generally less likely to talk to parents than girls, respondent gender does not moderate the effect of birth order. Instead, sib-ship gender composition plays a role: having grown up with at least one same-gender sibling is associated with a lower communication with parents about intimate matters. This study suggests that growing up with siblings, namely with same-gender siblings, make a difference in parent-child communication and this should be considered while evaluating the role of parental involvement in adolescent sexual education.
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Chaiwongroj C, Buaraphan K. Development and effectiveness assessment of a sex education learning unit for Thai primary students. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-02-2019-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThis study explored the effectiveness of sex education lessons developed for six graders by the local community and experts.Design/methodology/approachThree lesson plans were developed based on a focus group discussion with students, parents, and teachers and then revised based on experts' feedback. The finalized three lessons were taught to 102 sixth graders in three different primary schools. Pre-test and post-test the students' sex education understanding was measured, and a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to measure overall sexual attitude and awareness. The participants engaged in a semi-structured interview after each lesson, supplemented with researchers' notes. Descriptive statistics and t-tests, and the comparative method were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.FindingsThe sex education knowledge of participants at the three schools improved significantly (p < 0.01) after completing the learning units. Students also expressed satisfaction with the media, activities, and discussions during these sex education classes. The created learning units improved students' sexual attitude and awareness.Research limitations/implicationsFurther long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine if there is retention of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness.Practical implicationsThere should be more sex education programs at the earlier primary school level, especially in risky regions. Compulsory sex education curriculum in primary schools needs to be adjusted for each school by using a constructivist approach.Originality/valueThis study is unique because it was designed to better fit a specific school’s context and the contents were adapted to be taught by a teacher with minimal training required.
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Lee PI, Lai HR, Lin PC, Kuo SY, Lin YK, Chen SR, Lee PH. Effects of a parenting sexual education program for immigrant parents: A cluster randomized trial. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:343-349. [PMID: 31451362 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to assess the effects of a parental sex education program on knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and practices among immigrant parents. METHODS A cluster randomized trial was conducted at immigrant activity centers in northern Taiwan. Recruited participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (four centers, n = 86) or control (four centers, n = 67) group. A practical booklet and a booster session were delivered. In total, 132 participants' knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and practice of parenting sexual education were examined at the baseline and 6 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS After controlling for possible confounders, the posttest scores of self-efficacy of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group. The Johnson-Neyman procedure indicated that the intervention was effective for participants who had pretest knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of <14.62, <110.27, and <41.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS An intervention with both practical booklet and booster session can improve knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and practices of parental sex education among immigrant parents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In addition to practical booklets, health care professionals should provide booster sessions that meet the needs of immigrant parents to prevent sexual problems among children and adolescents at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-I Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ru Lai
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chu Lin
- Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Kuo
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Research Center of Biostatistics, School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ru Chen
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing and School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hsia Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Widman L, Evans R, Javidi H, Choukas-Bradley S. Assessment of Parent-Based Interventions for Adolescent Sexual Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:866-877. [PMID: 31355860 PMCID: PMC6664375 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Parent-based sexual health interventions have received considerable attention as one factor that can increase safer sexual behavior among youth; however, to our knowledge, the evidence linking parent-based interventions to youth sexual behaviors has not been empirically synthesized. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of parent-based sexual health interventions with 3 primary youth outcomes-delayed sexual activity, condom use, and parent-child sexual communication-as well as several secondary outcomes. We also explored potential moderators of intervention effectiveness. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was conducted of studies published through March 2018 using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Communication Source, and CINAHL databases and relevant review articles. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they: (1) sampled adolescents (mean age, ≤18 years), (2) included parents in a key intervention component, (3) evaluated program effects with experimental/quasi-experimental designs, (4) included an adolescent-reported behavioral outcome, (5) consisted of a US-based sample, and (6) were published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Standardized mean difference (d) and 95% confidence intervals were computed from studies and meta-analyzed using random-effects models. A secondary analysis evaluated potential moderating variables. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were delayed sexual activity, condom use, and sexual communication. RESULTS Independent findings from 31 articles reporting on 12 464 adolescents (mean age = 12.3 years) were synthesized. Across studies, there was a significant association of parent-based interventions with improved condom use (d = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.51; P = .001) and parent-child sexual communication (d = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.19-0.35; P = .001). No significant differences between parent-based interventions and control programs were found for delaying sexual activity (d = -0.06; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.02; P = .16). The associations for condom use were heterogeneous. Moderation analyses revealed larger associations for interventions that focused on younger, compared with older, adolescents; targeted black or Hispanic youth compared with mixed race/ethnicity samples; targeted parents and teens equally compared with emphasizing parents only; and included a program dose of 10 hours or more compared with a lower dose. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Parent-based sexual health programs can promote safer sex behavior and cognitions in adolescents, although the findings in this analysis were generally modest. Moderation analyses indicated several areas where future programs could place additional attention to improve potential effectiveness.
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Winskell K, Sabben G, Ondeng’e K, Odero I, Akelo V, Mudhune V. A Smartphone Game to Prevent HIV among Young Kenyans: Household Dynamics of Gameplay in a Feasibility Study. HEALTH EDUCATION JOURNAL 2019; 78:595-606. [PMID: 34219796 PMCID: PMC8247779 DOI: 10.1177/0017896919832344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE mHealth interventions often favour individual-level effects. This is particularly problematic in contexts where social support and shifts in social norms are critical to sustained behaviour change. Mobile digital games represent a promising health education strategy for youth, including in low-resource settings. We sought to better understand the interpersonal and social interactions that can be elicited by digital games for health. DESIGN We piloted Tumaini, a smartphone game rooted in interactive narrative designed to prevent HIV among young Africans (aged 11-14), in a randomised controlled feasibility study and analysed reports of the household dynamics surrounding gameplay. Following a 16-day intervention period, phone gameplay log files were downloaded and intervention arm participants (n=30) completed a gameplay experience survey; eight focus group discussions were held, four with intervention arm participants (n=27), four with their parents (n=22). SETTING This study took place in Kisumu, Kenya, in Spring 2017. METHOD Descriptive statistics were computed from survey responses and log files. Focus group transcripts were labelled, analysed thematically, and compared demographically using MaxQDA software. RESULTS Data from log files, survey and focus groups indicate that the game generated considerable interaction and dialogue with parents, siblings, and friends, and served as a catalyst for children to act as advocates for healthful decisions about sex, both within the family and beyond. The game showed a high level of acceptability with parents. CONCLUSION Serious digital games using a smartphone platform can generate considerable household interaction. Games can model and facilitate these exchanges, maximising multi-level effects. An additional app for parents could reinforce these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Winskell
- Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gaëlle Sabben
- Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ken Ondeng’e
- Kenya Medical Research Institute- Centre for Global Health Research, HIV Research Branch, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Isdorah Odero
- Kenya Medical Research Institute- Centre for Global Health Research, HIV Research Branch, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Victor Akelo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute- Centre for Global Health Research, HIV Research Branch, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Victor Mudhune
- Kenya Medical Research Institute- Centre for Global Health Research, HIV Research Branch, Kisumu, Kenya
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Haruna H, Hu X, Chu SKW, Mellecker RR, Gabriel G, Ndekao PS. Improving Sexual Health Education Programs for Adolescent Students through Game-Based Learning and Gamification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2027. [PMID: 30227642 PMCID: PMC6163657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An effective innovative pedagogy for sexual health education is required to meet the demands of technology savvy digital natives. This study investigates the extent to which game-based learning (GBL) and gamification could improve the sexual health education of adolescent students. We conducted a randomized control trial of GBL and gamification experimental conditions. We made a comparison with traditional teaching as a control condition in order to establish differences between the three teaching conditions. The sexual health education topics were delivered in a masked fashion, 40-min a week for five weeks. A mixed-method research approach was uses to assess and analyze the results for 120 students from a secondary school in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Students were divided into groups of 40 for each of the three teaching methods: GBL, gamification, and the control group (the traditional teaching method). The average post-test scores for GBL (Mean = 79.94, SD = 11.169) and gamification (Mean = 79.23, SD = 9.186) were significantly higher than the control group Mean = 51.93, SD = 18.705 (F (2, 117) = 54.75, p = 0.001). Overall, statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found for the constructs of Motivation, Attitude, Knowledge, and Engagement (MAKE). This study suggests that the two innovative teaching approaches can be used to improve the sexual health education of adolescent students. The methods can potentially contribute socially, particularly in improving sexual health behaviour and adolescents' knowledge in regions plagued by years of sexual health problems, including HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Haruna
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Samuel Kai Wah Chu
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Robin R Mellecker
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Goodluck Gabriel
- Animation Creation Department, Innovative Development Tanzania, 63 Galu Street, Ada Estate, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Patrick Siril Ndekao
- Directorate of Library Services, Institute of Finance Management, 5 Shaaban Robert Street 11101, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Randolph SD, Pleasants T, Gonzalez-Guarda RM. Barber-led sexual health education intervention for Black male adolescents and their fathers. Public Health Nurs 2017; 34:555-560. [PMID: 28812306 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore barbers' attitudes and beliefs regarding the feasibility and acceptability of a barber- led STI/HIV risk reduction intervention for fathers and their preadolescent and adolescent sons. DESIGN AND SAMPLE A qualitative descriptive design was used. Twenty-two barbers were recruited from barbershops and a barber school in central North Carolina. MEASURES A combination of five focus groups and two key informant interviews were conducted. RESULTS The following themes were generated: (1) The barbershop was embraced as a venue for an adolescent sexual health father-son intervention, (2) Barbers desired more information about STIs and HIV among Black male youth, (3) The use of incentives to engage barbers and fathers was important, and (4) Time commitment of barbers for a barber-led intervention varied. CONCLUSION The trust established between barbers and the Black community presents an opportunity for pre-adolescent and adolescent STI/HIV risk reduction programs that include the role of fathers. Intervention programs can be tailored to address this important intervention opportunity.
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Benefits and Factors Influencing the Design of Intergenerational Digital Games: A Systematic Literature Review. SOCIETIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/soc7030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to review the benefits and factors to be taken into consideration for the design of intergenerational digital games. We conducted a systematic in Scopus, Web of Science, PsicInfo, Pubmed and Science Direct, finally including 16 empirical studies written in English. The identified benefits were found to fall into four main categories, i.e., (1) reinforcing family bond, (2) enhancing reciprocal learning (3) increasing understanding of the other generation and (4) reducing social anxiety. According to the literature, two types of factors are important to take into consideration: player-centric and game-centric factors. We identified the nature of the interactions between older (55–81 year-olds) and younger players (4–22 year-olds), their motivations to play digital games and the difference in abilities as the main player-centric factors to take into account when designing intergenerational games. The most relevant game-centric factors were found to be goal-related and space-related forms of interaction. To gain more insight into how specific benefits of playing digital games are related to a type of game, gender or age of the participant, additional empirical studies (comparative analyses), that take these factors into account are needed.
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Eleftheriou A, Bullock S, Graham CA, Ingham R. Using Computer Simulations for Investigating a Sex Education Intervention: An Exploratory Study. JMIR Serious Games 2017; 5:e9. [PMID: 28468747 PMCID: PMC5438447 DOI: 10.2196/games.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are ongoing concerns. The best method for preventing the transmission of these infections is the correct and consistent use of condoms. Few studies have explored the use of games in interventions for increasing condom use by challenging the false sense of security associated with judging the presence of an STI based on attractiveness. Objectives The primary purpose of this study was to explore the potential use of computer simulation as a serious game for sex education. Specific aims were to (1) study the influence of a newly designed serious game on self-rated confidence for assessing STI risk and (2) examine whether this varied by gender, age, and scores on sexuality-related personality trait measures. Methods This paper undertook a Web-based questionnaire study employing between and within subject analyses. A Web-based platform hosted in the United Kingdom was used to deliver male and female stimuli (facial photographs) and collect data. A convenience sample group of 66 participants (64%, 42/66) male, mean age 22.5 years) completed the Term on the Tides, a computer simulation developed for this study. Participants also completed questionnaires on demographics, sexual preferences, sexual risk evaluations, the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), and the Sexual Inhibition Subscale 2 (SIS2) of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form (SIS/SES - SF). Results The overall confidence of participants to evaluate sexual risks reduced after playing the game (P<.005). Age and personality trait measures did not predict the change in confidence of evaluating risk. Women demonstrated larger shifts in confidence than did men (P=.03). Conclusions This study extends the literature by investigating the potential of computer simulations as a serious game for sex education. Engaging in the Term on the Tides game had an impact on participants’ confidence in evaluating sexual risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Eleftheriou
- Institute for Complex Systems Simulation, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Seth Bullock
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia A Graham
- Centre for Sexual Health Research, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Ingham
- Centre for Sexual Health Research, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Nurses on the Front Lines: Improving Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Across Health Care Settings. Am J Nurs 2017; 117:42-51. [PMID: 28030408 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000511566.12446.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
: Nurses care for adolescents in a variety of settings, including communities, schools, and public health and acute care clinics, which affords them many opportunities to improve adolescents' sexual and reproductive health and reduce the rates of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. To ensure that adolescents have access to sexual and reproductive health care (which includes both preventive counseling and treatment) in all nursing practice sites, nurses need to gain the knowledge and hone the skills required to deliver evidence-based counseling and services to adolescents and parents. Collectively, nurses can use their unique combination of knowledge and skills to make a positive impact on adolescent sexual and reproductive outcomes. Nurses have the capacity and opportunity to disseminate information about sexual and reproductive health to adolescents and their parents in communities, schools, public health clinics, and acute care settings. This article discusses the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine's goals and recommendations, which address adolescent sexual and reproductive health as both a health care and a human rights issue.
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Pham Q, Khatib Y, Stansfeld S, Fox S, Green T. Feasibility and Efficacy of an mHealth Game for Managing Anxiety: “Flowy” Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial and Design Evaluation. Games Health J 2016; 5:50-67. [DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2015.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Pham
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Playlab London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Khatib
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Stansfeld
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Fox
- Playlab London, London, United Kingdom
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