1
|
Aviña AE, De Paz D, Huang SC, Chen KH, Chang YC, Lee CM, Lin CH, Wei FC, Wang AYL. IL-10 modified mRNA monotherapy prolongs survival after composite facial allografting through the induction of mixed chimerism. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:610-627. [PMID: 36910717 PMCID: PMC9996371 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation has great potential in face transplantation by supporting functional restoration following tissue grafting. However, the need for lifelong administration of immunosuppressive drugs still limits its wide use. Modified mRNA (modRNA) technology provides an efficient and safe method to directly produce protein in vivo. Nevertheless, the use of IL-10 modRNA-based protein replacement, which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, has not been shown to prolong composite facial allograft survival. In this study, IL-10 modRNA was demonstrated to produce functional IL-10 protein in vitro, which inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines and in vivo formation of an anti-inflammatory environments. We found that without any immunosuppression, C57BL/6J mice with fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched facial allografts and local injection of IL-10 modRNA had a significantly prolonged survival rate. Decreased lymphocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory T helper 1 subsets and increased anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) were seen in IL-10 modRNA-treated mice. Moreover, IL-10 modRNA induced multilineage chimerism, especially the development of donor Treg chimerism, which protected allografts from destruction because of recipient alloimmunity. These results support the use of monotherapy based on immunomodulatory IL-10 cytokines encoded by modRNA, which inhibit acute rejection and prolong allograft survival through the induction of donor Treg chimerism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Aviña
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Clinical Fellow, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Dante De Paz
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Police Hospital, Lima 15072, Peru
| | - Shu-Chun Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 236, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Lee
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsien Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Aline Yen Ling Wang
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wan W, Zhang L, Lin Y, Rao X, Wang X, Hua F, Ying J. Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging. J Transl Med 2023; 21:36. [PMID: 36670507 PMCID: PMC9854231 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c is a peptide encoded by the short open reading frame of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. It is significantly expressed in response to stress or exercise and translocated to the nucleus, where it regulates the expression of stress adaptation-related genes with antioxidant response elements (ARE). MOTS-c mainly acts through the Folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway, thereby influencing energy metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, exercise, aging and aging-related pathologies. Because of the potential role of MOTS-c in maintaining energy and stress homeostasis to promote healthy aging, especially in view of the increasing aging of the global population, it is highly pertinent to summarize the relevant studies. This review summarizes the retrograde signaling of MOTS-c toward the nucleus, the regulation of energy metabolism, stress homeostasis, and aging-related pathological processes, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wan
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Lieliang Zhang
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Lin
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Rao
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China ,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Current Status, Barriers, and Future Directions for Humanized Mouse Models to Evaluate Stem Cell–Based Islet Cell Transplant. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1387:89-106. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
4
|
Kong BS, Min SH, Lee C, Cho YM. Mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109447. [PMID: 34320351 PMCID: PMC10083145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are principal metabolic organelles that are increasingly unveiled as immune regulators. However, it is currently not known whether mitochondrial-encoded peptides modulate T cells to induce changes in phenotype and function. In this study, we found that MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) prevented autoimmune β cell destruction by targeting T cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. MOTS-c ameliorated the development of hyperglycemia and reduced islet-infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of T cells from MOTS-c-treated NOD mice significantly decreased the incidence of diabetes in NOD-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Metabolic and genomic analyses revealed that MOTS-c modulated T cell phenotype and function by regulating T cell receptor (TCR)/mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients had a lower serum MOTS-c level than did healthy controls. Furthermore, MOTS-c reduced T cell activation by alleviating T cells from the glycolytic stress in T1D patients, suggesting therapeutic potential. Our findings indicate that MOTS-c regulates the T cell phenotype and suppresses autoimmune diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Soo Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan MA, Ashoor GA, Shamma T, Alanazi F, Altuhami A, Kazmi S, Ahmed HA, Mohammed Assiri A, Clemens Broering D. IL-10 Mediated Immunomodulation Limits Subepithelial Fibrosis and Repairs Airway Epithelium in Rejecting Airway Allografts. Cells 2021; 10:1248. [PMID: 34069395 PMCID: PMC8158696 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 plays a vital role in maintaining peripheral immunotolerance and favors a regulatory immune milieu through the suppression of T effector cells. Inflammation-induced microvascular loss has been associated with airway epithelial injury, which is a key pathological source of graft malfunctioning and subepithelial fibrosis in rejecting allografts. The regulatory immune phase maneuvers alloimmune inflammation through various regulatory modulators, and thereby promotes graft microvascular repair and suppresses the progression of fibrosis after transplantation. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic impact of IL-10 on immunotolerance, in particular, the reparative microenvironment, which negates airway epithelial injury, and fibrosis in a mouse model of airway graft rejection. Here, we depleted and reconstituted IL-10, and serially monitored the phase of immunotolerance, graft microvasculature, inflammatory cytokines, airway epithelium, and subepithelial collagen in rejecting airway transplants. We demonstrated that the IL-10 depletion suppresses FOXP3+ Tregs, tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6), graft microvasculature, and establishes a pro-inflammatory phase, which augments airway epithelial injury and subepithelial collagen deposition while the IL-10 reconstitution facilitates FOXP3+ Tregs, TSG-6 deposition, graft microvasculature, and thereby favors airway epithelial repair and subepithelial collagen suppression. These findings establish a potential reparative modulation of IL-10-associated immunotolerance on microvascular, epithelial, and fibrotic remodeling, which could provide a vital therapeutic option to rescue rejecting transplants in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | | | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Abdullah Altuhami
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Hala Abdalrahman Ahmed
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Assiri
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Clemens Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verhoeff K, Henschke SJ, Marfil-Garza BA, Dadheech N, Shapiro AMJ. Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Potential Cure for Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020278. [PMID: 33573247 PMCID: PMC7911560 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, diabetes has been treated with subcutaneous insulin, a discovery that enabled patients to forego death from hyperglycemia. Despite novel insulin formulations, patients with diabetes continue to suffer morbidity and mortality with unsustainable costs to the health care system. Continuous glucose monitoring, wearable insulin pumps, and closed-loop artificial pancreas systems represent an advance, but still fail to recreate physiologic euglycemia and are not universally available. Islet cell transplantation has evolved into a successful modality for treating a subset of patients with ‘brittle’ diabetes but is limited by organ donor supply and immunosuppression requirements. A novel approach involves generating autologous or immune-protected islet cells for transplant from inducible pluripotent stem cells to eliminate detrimental immune responses and organ supply limitations. In this review, we briefly discuss novel mechanisms for subcutaneous insulin delivery and define their shortfalls. We describe embryological development and physiology of islets to better understand their role in glycemic control and, finally, discuss cell-based therapies for diabetes and barriers to widespread use. In response to these barriers, we present the promise of stem cell therapy, and review the current gaps requiring solutions to enable widespread use of stem cells as a potential cure for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Verhoeff
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-984-1836
| | - Sarah J. Henschke
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada;
| | | | - Nidheesh Dadheech
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| | - Andrew Mark James Shapiro
- FRCS (Eng) FRCSC MSM FCAHS, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar M, Coburn J, Kaplan DL, Mandal BB. Immuno-Informed 3D Silk Biomaterials for Tailoring Biological Responses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29310-29322. [PMID: 27726371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, the key players in immunoregulation, are actively involved in tissue remodelling and vascularization. Recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine illustrate the importance of "immuno-informed" biomaterials to regulate the microenvironment of biomedical implants. In the current study, silk-based 3D hydrogels were utilized to regulate cytokine delivery for macrophage, a type of immune cell, differentiation and polarization. Three different hydrogel variants, silk-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (SP), silk-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (SH) and silk-sonicated (SS) hydrogels were studied. Hydrogels were loaded with the M1 and M2 polarizing cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), respectively. Functional cytokine release and macrophage polarization studies were conducted using three cytokine exposure approaches: only cytokine encapsulation (macrophage in culture well), only macrophage encapsulation (cytokine in culture media) and cytokine with macrophage encapsulation. The extent of macrophage polarization by cytokine-eluting and macrophage-encapsulating hydrogels was investigated using gene expression analysis for C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206) and cluster of differentiation 209 (CD209). The released cytokines polarized macrophages from an M0 phenotype to an M1/M2 phenotype. Also, lineage committed M1/M2 macrophages could be "switched" to their M2/M1 counterparts (M1-to-M2 or M2-to-M1 transition) exhibiting their well-established plasticity. When macrophages were encapsulated in hydrogels, polarization could be induced to the lineage committed M1 or M2 phenotypes either in polarizing media or when coencapsulated with cytokines. Through this study, silk hydrogels demonstrated utility as a novel system for focal delivery of cytokines and macrophages as "immuno-informed" 3D silk-biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manishekhar Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) , Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Jeannine Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts United States
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) , Guwahati, 781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
XU AIJING, ZHU WEI, LI TANG, LI XIUZHEN, CHENG JING, LI CUILING, YI PENG, LIU LI. Interleukin-10 gene transfer into insulin-producing β cells protects against diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3881-3889. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
9
|
Okamura T, Sumitomo S, Morita K, Iwasaki Y, Inoue M, Nakachi S, Komai T, Shoda H, Miyazaki JI, Fujio K, Yamamoto K. TGF-β3-expressing CD4+CD25(-)LAG3+ regulatory T cells control humoral immune responses. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6329. [PMID: 25695838 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies induce various autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously described that CD4(+)CD25(-)LAG3(+) regulatory T cells (LAG3(+) Treg) are regulated by Egr2, a zinc-finger transcription factor required for the induction of T-cell anergy. We herein demonstrate that LAG3(+) Treg produce high amounts of TGF-β3 in an Egr2- and Fas-dependent manner. LAG3(+) Treg require TGF-β3 to suppress B-cell responses in a murine model of lupus. Moreover, TGF-β3- and LAG3(+) Treg-mediated suppression requires PD-1 expression on B cells. We also show that TGF-β3-expressing human LAG3(+) Treg suppress antibody production and that SLE patients exhibit decreased frequencies of LAG3(+) Treg. These results clarify the mechanism of B-cell regulation and suggest therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Okamura
- 1] Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan [2] Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Shuji Sumitomo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kaoru Morita
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yukiko Iwasaki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mariko Inoue
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakachi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Komai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Miyazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma Y, Liu J, Hou J, Dong Y, Lu Y, Jin L, Cao R, Li T, Wu J. Oral administration of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing HSP65 and tandemly repeated P277 reduces the incidence of type I diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105701. [PMID: 25157497 PMCID: PMC4144892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is an autoimmune disease that gradually destroys insulin-producing beta-cells. We have previously reported that mucosal administration of fusion protein of HSP65 with tandem repeats of P277 (HSP65-6P277) can reduce the onset of DM1 in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. To deliver large amounts of the fusion protein and to enhance long-term immune tolerance effects, in the present study, we investigated the efficacy of using orally administrated L. lactis expressing HSP65-6P277 to reduce the incidence of DM1 in NOD mice. L. lactis strain NZ9000 was engineered to express HSP65-6P277 either constitutively or by nisin induction. After immunization via gavage with the recombinant L. lactis strains to groups of 4-week old female NOD mice for 36 weeks, we observed that oral administration of recombinant L. Lactis resulted in the prevention of hyperglycemia, improved glucose tolerance and reduced insulitis. Immunologic analysis showed that treatment with recombinant L. lactis induced HSP65- and P277- specific T cell immuno-tolerance, as well as antigen-specific proliferation of splenocytes. The results revealed that the DM1-preventing function was in part caused by a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Orally administered recombinant L. lactis delivering HSP65-6P277 may be an effective therapeutic approach in preventing DM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Ma
- Forensic Center, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hou
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuankai Dong
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Lu
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Jin
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyue Cao
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiming Li
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shrestha N, Araújo F, Sarmento B, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Gene-based therapy for Type 1 diabetes mellitus: viral and nonviral vectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/dmt.14.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Fu Z, Yuskavage J, Liu D. Dietary flavonol epicatechin prevents the onset of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4303-9. [PMID: 23578364 PMCID: PMC3660227 DOI: 10.1021/jf304915h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although successful islet transplantation provides a promising treatment, high cost, lack of donor organs, immune-mediated destruction of transplanted islets, and side effects from immunosuppressive drugs greatly limit its uses. Therefore, the search for novel and cost-effective agents that can prevent or ameliorate T1D is extremely important to decrease the burden of T1D. In this study, we discovered that epicatechin (EC, 0.5% in drinking water), a flavonol primarily in cocoa, effectively prevented T1D in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. At 32 weeks of age, 66.7% of control mice had overt diabetes, whereas only 16.6% of EC-treated mice became diabetic. Consistently, EC mice had significantly higher plasma insulin levels but lower glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations compared to control mice. EC had no significant effects on food or water intake and body weight gain in NOD mice, suggesting that EC's effect was not due to alterations in these variables. Treatment with EC elevates circulating anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 levels, ameliorates pancreatic insulitis, and improves pancreatic islet mass. These findings demonstrate that EC may be a novel, plant-derived compound capable of preventing T1D by modulating immune function and thereby preserving islet mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Fu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mandke R, Singh J. Cationic nanomicelles for delivery of plasmids encoding interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 for prevention of autoimmune diabetes in mice. Pharm Res 2011; 29:883-97. [PMID: 22076555 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the in vivo transfection efficiency of N-acyl derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) to deliver pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid encoding interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in multiple, low-dose streptozotocin induced diabetic mouse model. METHODS N-acyl LMWC nanomicelles were characterized for size and charge. The pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10/N-acyl LMWC polyplexes were injected intramuscularly in mice and compared for transfection efficiency with naked DNA and FuGENE® HD. Bicistronic pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid was compared with individual plasmids encoding IL-4 and IL-10 for efficacy. The levels of blood glucose and serum IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were monitored. The ability of plasmid administration to protect from insulitis and biocompatibility of N-acyl LMWC were studied. RESULTS The N-acyl LMWC led to significantly higher (p < 0.05) expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and reduced the levels of blood glucose, TNF-α and IFN-γ, especially in animals treated with pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid. The pancreas of pDNA/N-acyl LMWC polyplex treated animals exhibited protection from insulitis and the delivery systems were found to be biocompatible. CONCLUSIONS N-acyl derivatives of LMWC are efficient and biocompatible gene delivery vectors, and the administration of bicistronic pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid polyplexes can protect the pancreatic islets from insulitis, possibly due to the synergistic effect of IL-4 and IL-10 encoding plasmids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Mandke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Nursing and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
O’Sullivan BJ, Pai S, Street S, An X, MacDonald KPA, Wong M, Strutton G, Gerondakis S, Steptoe RJ, Fazekas de St. Groth B, Hill GR, Thomas R. Immunotherapy with Costimulatory Dendritic Cells To Control Autoimmune Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4018-30. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
15
|
NOD dendritic cells stimulated with Lactobacilli preferentially produce IL-10 versus IL-12 and decrease diabetes incidence. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:630187. [PMID: 21716731 PMCID: PMC3119457 DOI: 10.1155/2011/630187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) from NOD mice produced high levels of IL-12 that induce IFNγ-producing T cells involved in diabetes development. We propose to utilize the microorganism ability to induce tolerogenic DCs to abrogate the proinflammatory process and prevent diabetes development. NOD DCs were stimulated with Lactobacilli (nonpathogenic bacteria targeting TLR2) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Staphylococcus aureus (TLR2 agonist). LTA-treated DCs produced much more IL-12 than IL-10 and accelerated diabetes development when transferred into NOD mice. In contrast, stimulation of NOD DCs with L. casei favored the production of IL-10 over IL-12, and their transfer decreased disease incidence which anti-IL-10R antibodies restored. These data indicated that L. casei can induce NOD DCs to develop a more tolerogenic phenotype via production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Evaluation of the relative production of IL-10 and IL-12 by DCs may be a very useful means of identifying agents that have therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bertin-Maghit S, Pang D, O'Sullivan B, Best S, Duggan E, Paul S, Thomas H, Kay TW, Harrison LC, Steptoe R, Thomas R. Interleukin-1β produced in response to islet autoantigen presentation differentiates T-helper 17 cells at the expense of regulatory T-cells: Implications for the timing of tolerizing immunotherapy. Diabetes 2011; 60:248-57. [PMID: 20980463 PMCID: PMC3012178 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of tolerizing immunotherapeutic strategies, such as anti-CD40L or dendritic cells (DCs), is greater when administered to young nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice than at peak insulitis. RelB(lo) DCs, generated in the presence of an nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, induce T-regulatory (Treg) cells and suppress inflammation in a model of rheumatoid arthritis. Interleukin (IL)-1β is overexpressed in humans and mice at risk of type 1 diabetes, dysregulates Treg cells, and accelerates diabetes in NOD mice. We investigated the relationship between IL-1β production and the response to RelB(lo) DCs in the prediabetic period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We injected RelB(lo) DCs subcutaneously into 4- or 14-week-old NOD mice and tracked the incidence of diabetes and effect on Treg cell function. We measured the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by stimulated splenocytes and unstimulated islets from mice of different ages and strains and proliferative and cytokine responses of T effectors to Treg in vitro. RESULTS Tolerizing RelB(lo) DCs significantly inhibited diabetes progression when administered to 4-week-old but not 14-week-old mice. IL-1β production by NOD splenocytes and mRNA expression by islets increased from 6 to 16 weeks of age when major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted islet antigen presentation to autoreactive T-cells occurred. IL-1 reduced the capacity of Treg cells to suppress effector cells and promoted their conversion to Th17 cells. RelB(lo) DCs exacerbated the IL-1-dependent decline in Treg function and promoted Th17 conversion. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β, generated by islet-autoreactive cells in MHC-susceptible mice, accelerates diabetes by differentiating Th17 at the expense of Treg. Tolerizing DC therapies can regulate islet autoantigen priming and prevent diabetes, but progression past the IL-1β/IL-17 checkpoint signals the need for other strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Bertin-Maghit
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dimeng Pang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan O'Sullivan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon Best
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily Duggan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sanjoy Paul
- Queensland Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Thomas
- Islet Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas W.H. Kay
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raymond Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Corresponding author: Ranjeny Thomas,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Johnson MC, Wang B, Tisch R. Genetic vaccination for re-establishing T-cell tolerance in type 1 diabetes. HUMAN VACCINES 2011; 7:27-36. [PMID: 21157183 DOI: 10.4161/hv.7.1.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease resulting in the destruction of the insulin-secreting β cells. Currently, there is no established clinical approach to effectively suppress long-term the diabetogenic response. Genetic-based vaccination offers a general strategy to reestablish β-cell specific tolerance within the T-cell compartment. The transfer of genes encoding β-cell autoantigens, anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or immunomodulatory proteins has proven to be effective at preventing and suppressing the diabetogenic response in animal models of T1D. The current review will discuss genetic approaches to prevent and treat T1D with an emphasis on plasmid DNA- and adeno-associated virus-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Therapeutic strategies for SLE involving cytokines: mechanism-oriented therapies especially IFN-gamma targeting gene therapy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20827419 PMCID: PMC2933908 DOI: 10.1155/2010/461641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE: lupus) is a chronic complicated autoimmune disease and pathogenesis is still unclear. However, key cytokines have been recognized. Interferon (IFN)-γ and also IFNalpha/beta are of particular importance. Depending on the concept that lupus is a helper T(Th)1 disease and that dendritic cells (DCs) determine the direction of lupus, balance shift of Th1/Th2 and immunogenic/tolerogenic DCs is reviewed for therapy. (IFN)-gamma- and IFN-alpha/beta-targeted (gene) therapies are introduced. These consist of Th1/Th2 balance shift and elimination of IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma-related cytokines such as (interleukin)IL-12 and IL-18. Other approaches include suppression of immunocompetent cells, normalization of abnormal T-cell function, costimulation blockade, B lymphocyte stimulator (Blys) blockade, and suppression of nephritic kidney inflammation. Moreover, balance shift of IFN-alpha/beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha together with regulatory T(Treg) cells are briefly introduced. Clinical application will be discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) strains expressing the immunomodulatory cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) fused to the autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) were independently able to generate only low levels of immune suppression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Here we suggest that a vaccinia virus (VV)-mediated combination of CTB::GAD fusion and IL-10 proteins promises a effective and durable immunotherapeutic strategy for T1DM. METHODS To explore this hypothesis, a CTB::GAD fusion gene was co-delivered with a gene encoding IL-10 by rVV infection (rVV-CTB::GAD + rVV-IL10) into 5-7-week-old non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The mice were assessed for vaccine protection against development of hyperglycemia from 12 to 64 weeks of age by assessment of pancreatic inflammation (insulitis) and splenocyte-secreted interferon-gamma and IL-10 cytokine levels. RESULTS By 36 weeks of age, from 54% to 80% of the mice in the negative control animal groups (either mock-infected or inoculated with unrelated plasmid or VV) had developed hyperglycemia. Similarly, no statistically significant improvement in protection against diabetes onset was achieved by inoculation with VV expressing CTB::GAD or IL-10 independently. Surprisingly, only 20% of mice co-inoculated with rVV-CTB::GAD + rVV-IL10 developed hyperglycemia by 28 weeks of age. Other treatment groups developed hyperglycemia by 32-36 weeks. After 36 weeks, diabetes incidence no longer increased in any groups until the end of experiment at 64 weeks of age. Histological analysis of pancreatic tissues of hyperglycemic mice revealed high levels of intra-islet insulitis. Analysis of insulitis at termination of the experiment showed that euglycemic mice co-inoculated with VV expressing CTB::GAD and IL-10 had more effectively reduced inflammation in comparison with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS A combinatorial vaccination strategy based on VV co-delivery of genes encoding the immunoenhanced autoantigen CTB::GAD and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 can maintain effective and durable euglycemia and immunological homeostasis in NOD mice with prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Dénes
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
- Department of Immunology, Central Veterinary Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Fodor
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - William H.R. Langridge
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miller AM, Dean DA. Tissue-specific and transcription factor-mediated nuclear entry of DNA. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:603-13. [PMID: 19393704 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of gene transfer and a lack of tissue-specific targeting of vectors have limited the therapeutic potential of non-viral gene therapy. This is due to the numerous cellular barriers that hinder nuclear delivery of vectors and the paucity of methods that restrict expression to specific cells types. In non-dividing cells, the nuclear envelope is an especially problematic hurdle to gene transfer. Given that the majority of target tissues are non-dividing in vivo, the nuclear membrane is a major obstacle to therapeutic gene transfer. In this review, the various barriers to gene transfer are discussed. In particular, the role of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in regulating passage of plasmid vectors during interphase is reviewed. Several methods of modifying plasmid (pDNA) vectors to enhance nuclear import through the NPC are also discussed, including the use of tissue-specific transcription factors to mediate nuclear entry of pDNA in a cell-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Miller
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tsuchida M, Koike T, Takekubo M, Hirahara H, Hanawa H, Maruyama H, Miyazaki JI, Hayashi JI. Electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmid DNA encoding IL-10 attenuates orthotopic tracheal allograft stenosis in rats. Transpl Immunol 2008; 19:173-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
22
|
Hussain S, Delovitch TL. Intravenous Transfusion of BCR-Activated B Cells Protects NOD Mice from Type 1 Diabetes in an IL-10-Dependent Manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:7225-32. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.11.7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
23
|
Zheng Y, Kreuwel HTC, Young DL, Shoda LKM, Ramanujan S, Gadkar KG, Atkinson MA, Whiting CC. The Virtual NOD Mouse: Applying Predictive Biosimulation to Research in Type 1 Diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1103:45-62. [PMID: 17376834 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1394.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a complex, multifactorial disease characterized by T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. To facilitate research in type 1 diabetes, a large-scale dynamic mathematical model of the female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse was developed. In this model, termed the Entelos Type 1 Diabetes PhysioLab platform, virtual NOD mice are constructed by mathematically representing components of the immune system and islet beta cell physiology important for the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. This report describes the scope of the platform and illustrates some of its capabilities. Specifically, using two virtual NOD mice with either average or early diabetes-onset times, we demonstrate the reproducibility of experimentally observed dynamics involved in diabetes progression, therapeutic responses to exogenous IL-10, and heterogeneity in disease onset. Additionally, we use the Type 1 Diabetes PhysioLab platform to investigate the impact of disease heterogeneity on the effectiveness of exogenous IL-10 therapy to prevent diabetes onset. Results indicate that the inability of a previously published IL-10 therapy protocol to protect NOD mice who exhibit early diabetes onset is due to high levels of pancreatic lymph node (PLN) inflammation, islet infiltration, and beta cell destruction at the time of treatment initiation. Further, simulation indicates that earlier administration of the treatment protocol can prevent NOD mice from developing diabetes by initiating treatment during the period when the disease is still sensitive to IL-10's protective function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zheng
- Entelos, Inc., 110 Marsh Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Eefting D, Schepers A, De Vries MR, Pires NMM, Grimbergen JM, Lagerweij T, Nagelkerken LM, Monraats PS, Jukema JW, van Bockel JH, Quax PHA. The effect of interleukin-10 knock-out and overexpression on neointima formation in hypercholesterolemic APOE*3-Leiden mice. Atherosclerosis 2006; 193:335-42. [PMID: 17087966 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory factors are thought to play a regulatory role in restenosis. Interleukin-10 (IL10) is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine with anti-atherogenic potentials. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of IL10 modulation on cuff-induced neointima formation in hypercholesterolemic APOE*3-Leiden mice. METHODS The involvement of IL10 in neointima formation was studied in a hypercholesterolemic mouse model of cuff-induced stenosis of the femoral artery by IL10 knocking-out or overexpression procedures. IL10(+/-) mice were crossbred with APOE*3-Leiden mice to generate hypercholesterolemic APOE*3-LeidenIL10(-/-) mice. To achieve IL10 overexpression in APOE*3-Leiden mice, a single intramuscular injection of a murine IL10 overexpression plasmid was performed followed by electroporation. RESULTS Knocking-out IL10, in hypercholesterolemic APOE*3-Leiden mice, resulted in a significant 1.9-fold increase of neointima surface as compared to APOE*3-LeidenIL10(+/+) littermates (p=0.02). Conversely, a marked 45% inhibition on cuff-induced neointima formation was obtained after IL10 overexpression (p=0.02). Electrodelivery of IL10 vector leads to detectable IL10 serum levels, with a sustained expression over the experimental period of 3 weeks. IL10 overexpression reduced plasma cholesterol levels in APOE*3-Leiden mice, whereas IL10 deficiency in these mice did not lead to altered cholesterol levels as compared to the IL10(+/+) group. Finally, IL10 overexpression stimulated endogenous IL10 mRNA expression in the spleen and reduced the transcriptional responses of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Here, we clearly demonstrate the role of IL10 in the development of neointima formation in hypercholesterolemic mice and the potential therapeutic effect of non-viral electrodelivery of IL10 cDNA to inhibit post-angioplasty restenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eefting
- Gaubius Laboratory, TNO-Quality of Life, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Filippi C, Bresson D, von Herrath M. Antigen-specific induction of regulatory T cells for type 1 diabetes therapy. Int Rev Immunol 2006; 24:341-60. [PMID: 16318986 DOI: 10.1080/08830180500371116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery decades ago, regulatory T (Treg) cells have prompted many investigations into their potential role in the generation or prevention of autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). Initially identified based on their ability to maintain tolerance to self-antigens in peripheral organs, Treg cells have since been efficiently induced therapeutically and shown to prevent the progression of T1D as well as other autoimmune diseases. Beneficial modification of immunity through the induction of Treg cells has been successfully achieved by antigen-based therapy as well as non-antigen-specific (systemic) treatments. In the current article, we review different strategies that have proved effective in preventing autoimmune diabetes and analyze them with respect to translation into clinical applications. Current evidence indicates that antigen-specific induction of potent regulatory mechanisms is influenced by the systemic milieu, suggesting that systemic modulation might be an essential prerequisite for antigen-based therapy and the successful maintenance or reestablishment of tolerance.
Collapse
|
26
|
Shigihara T, Shimada A, Oikawa Y, Yoneyama H, Kanazawa Y, Okubo Y, Matsushima K, Yamato E, Miyazaki JI, Kasuga A, Saruta T, Narumi S. CXCL10 DNA Vaccination Prevents Spontaneous Diabetes through Enhanced β Cell Proliferation in NOD Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:8401-8. [PMID: 16339582 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.8401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CXCL10, a chemokine for Th1 cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of various Th1-dominant autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes is considered to be a Th1-dominant autoimmune disease, and a suppressive effect of CXCL10 neutralization on diabetes development has been reported in a cyclophosphamide-induced accelerated diabetes model through induction of beta cell proliferation. However, intervention in a diabetes model might bring about opposite effects, depending on the timing, amount, or method of treatment. In the present study, we examined the effect of CXCL10 neutralization in a "spontaneous diabetes" model of NOD mice, using CXCL10 DNA vaccination (pCAGGS-CXCL10). pCAGGS-CXCL10 treatment in young NOD mice induced the production of anti-CXCL10 Ab in vivo and suppressed the incidence of spontaneous diabetes, although this treatment did not inhibit insulitis or alter the immunological response. pCAGGS-CXCL10 treatment enhanced the proliferation of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in an increase of beta cell mass in this spontaneous diabetes model as well. Therefore, CXCL10 neutralization is suggested to be useful for maintaining beta cell mass at any stage of autoimmune diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshikatsu Shigihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shoda LKM, Young DL, Ramanujan S, Whiting CC, Atkinson MA, Bluestone JA, Eisenbarth GS, Mathis D, Rossini AA, Campbell SE, Kahn R, Kreuwel HTC. A comprehensive review of interventions in the NOD mouse and implications for translation. Immunity 2005; 23:115-26. [PMID: 16111631 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) animal models such as the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse have improved our understanding of disease pathophysiology, but many candidate therapeutics identified therein have failed to prevent/cure human disease. We have performed a comprehensive evaluation of disease-modifying agents tested in the NOD mouse based on treatment timing, duration, study length, and efficacy. Interestingly, some popular tenets regarding NOD interventions were not confirmed: all treatments do not prevent disease, treatment dose and timing strongly influence efficacy, and several therapies have successfully treated overtly diabetic mice. The analysis provides a unique perspective on NOD interventions and suggests that the response of this model to therapeutic interventions can be a useful predictor of the human response as long as careful consideration is given to treatment dose, timing, and protocols; more thorough investigation of these parameters should improve clinical translation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Shinozaki K, Nishio Y, Yoshida Y, Koya D, Ayajiki K, Masada M, Kashiwagi A, Okamura T. Supplement of tetrahydrobiopterin by a gene transfer of GTP cyclohydrolase I cDNA improves vascular dysfunction in insulin-resistant rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005; 46:505-12. [PMID: 16160605 DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000177981.91434.ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in the vascular tissue contributes to endothelial dysfunction in the insulin-resistant state. We intended to develop a new gene transfer method by overexpression of its biosynthetic enzyme, GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTP-CH1). The GTP-CH1 cDNA was inserted into a pCAGGS vector, and then plasmid DNA was mixed with atelocollagen, and the aliquot was injected into thigh muscles of insulin-resistant Zucker fatty rats. After 4 weeks, pteridine derivative levels, superoxide anion (O2-), activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and endothelium-dependent relaxation were evaluated in the aortas obtained from Zucker lean or fatty rats. The BH4 contents and GTP-CH1 activity in Zucker fatty rats were 50%-55% less than those of Zucker lean rats. However, those impairments were significantly improved by a plasmid DNA injection, and aortic BH4 content reached more than 80% of the level of Zucker lean rats. Increased A23187-stimulated O2- production as well as decreased eNOS activity and endothelial function in insulin-resistant Zucker fatty rats were improved by a plasmid DNA injection to a level similar to that in Zucker lean rats. These findings suggest that intramuscular GTP-CH1 gene transfer using atelocollagen serves as a useful method of long-term systemic delivery of BH4 and the treatment of endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Shinozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Calcinaro F, Dionisi S, Marinaro M, Candeloro P, Bonato V, Marzotti S, Corneli RB, Ferretti E, Gulino A, Grasso F, De Simone C, Di Mario U, Falorni A, Boirivant M, Dotta F. Oral probiotic administration induces interleukin-10 production and prevents spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse. Diabetologia 2005; 48:1565-75. [PMID: 15986236 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent observations suggest the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in the pathogenesis of islet autoimmunity. Thus, the modulation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue may represent a means to affect the natural history of the disease. Oral administration of probiotic bacteria can modulate local and systemic immune responses; consequently, we investigated the effects of oral administration of the probiotic compound VSL#3 on the occurrence of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. METHODS VSL#3 was administered to female NOD mice three times a week starting from 4 weeks of age. A control group received PBS. Whole blood glucose was measured twice a week. IFN-gamma and IL-10 production/expression was evaluated by ELISA in culture supernatants of mononuclear cells isolated from Peyer's patches and the spleen, and by real-time PCR in the pancreas. Insulitis was characterised by immunohistochemistry and histomorphometric studies. RESULTS Early oral administration of VSL#3 prevented diabetes development in NOD mice. Protected mice showed reduced insulitis and a decreased rate of beta cell destruction. Prevention was associated with an increased production of IL-10 from Peyer's patches and the spleen and with increased IL-10 expression in the pancreas, where IL-10-positive islet-infiltrating mononuclear cells were detected. The protective effect of VSL#3 was transferable to irradiated mice receiving diabetogenic cells and splenocytes from VSL#3-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Orally administered VSL#3 prevents autoimmune diabetes and induces immunomodulation by a reduction in insulitis severity. Our results provide a sound rationale for future clinical trials of the primary prevention of type 1 diabetes by oral VSL#3 administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Calcinaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kawasaki E, Abiru N, Eguchi K. Prevention of type 1 diabetes: from the view point of beta cell damage. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004; 66 Suppl 1:S27-32. [PMID: 15563975 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2003.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2003] [Accepted: 09/27/2003] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of immune-mediated type 1 diabetes is T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the islets, which results from an imbalance between disease promoting factors and protective elements. The precise mechanisms of beta cell destruction leading to diabetes remain unclear. There are many molecules, including Fas ligand (FasL) and cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma that cause release of other cytokine-mediators that have potential to damage the beta cells. The beta cell-death appears to ultimately be caused by receptor (Fas/FasL)-mediated mechanisms and/or by secretion of cytotoxic molecules (e.g., granzymes, perforin). FasL-mediated beta cell damage might play a role in promoting insulitis and beta cell destruction in autoimmune diabetes in addition to toxic molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydroxy radical, nitric oxide) or perforin. Furthermore, DNA damage in beta cells leads to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-activation which will increase NAD consumption and rapid depletion of NAD compromise ATP production in the cells. Nicotinamide inhibits poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and reduces nitric oxide accumulation in the NOD pancreas and protect beta cells against radical-induced necrosis. Transgenic mice with beta cell specific overexpression of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, or thioredoxin are resistant to autoimmune and STZ-induced diabetes. It is apparent that a number of different mechanisms of beta cell destruction are operative in type 1 diabetes. Blockage of multiple pathways, rather than a single pathway, of beta cell-death may, therefore be necessary to fully protect beta cells from destruction and thereby prevent type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kawasaki
- Department of Metabolism/Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, resulting in destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Disease progression is thought to involve the action of T-cells, particularly those producing Th1-type cytokines. Given the complexity in understanding the precise etiology of autoimmune diseases, the diversity of autoantigens, and the variability that exists between individual patients, it might be very difficult to eliminate autoaggressive T-cell responses without resorting to generalized means of immunosuppression. However, recent evidence shows that autoimmune processes are composed not only of autoaggressive T-cell responses but also of autoreactive regulatory components. Enhancing regulatory T-cell responses, therefore, has become an area of intense focus as a means of treating autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes. This review will concentrate on two different types of regulatory T-cells, the naturally occurring ('professional') CD4+CD25+ T-cells and antigen-induced ('adaptive') CD4+ Th2-like regulatory T-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Juedes
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Young HY, Zucker P, Flavell RA, Jevnikar AM, Singh B. Characterization of the Role of Major Histocompatibility Complex in Type 1 Diabetes Recurrence after Islet Transplantation. Transplantation 2004; 78:509-15. [PMID: 15446308 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000128907.83111.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are essential determinants of beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D). MHC class I- or class II-null nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice do not spontaneously develop autoimmune diabetes and are resistant to adoptive transfer of disease. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are associated with graft destruction after syngeneic islet transplantation. MHC molecules within the graft (i.e., on beta-cells or donor lymphocytes) may influence the interactions between antigen presenting cells and effector T cells and, therefore, the survival outcome of the graft. METHODS Donor islets from NOD mice deficient in one or both of beta2-microglobulin and class II transactivator genes were transplanted into diabetic NOD mice. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the phenotype of infiltrating cells and to assess graft insulin production. The presence of cytokines in the grafts was assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS MHC class II-null islets demonstrated rates of rejection comparable with control wild-type (wt) islets. In contrast, MHC class I- and II-null islets demonstrated indefinite survival (over 100 days). Infiltrates of both failed and surviving grafts were comprised of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), helper T cells, and macrophages. Grafts also showed the presence of both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-10, and interferon-gamma), independent of graft status. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the primary importance of MHC class I molecules in the pathogenesis of diabetes recurrence postislet transplantation. Conversely, MHC class II expression is not a necessary mechanistic component of transplant destruction. In addition, these results implicate MHC class I-restricted CTLs but not MHC class II-restricted T cells in disease recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Y Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kok MR, Yamano S, Lodde BM, Wang J, Couwenhoven RI, Yakar S, Voutetakis A, Leroith D, Schmidt M, Afione S, Pillemer SR, Tsutsui MT, Tak PP, Chiorini JA, Baum BJ. Local adeno-associated virus-mediated interleukin 10 gene transfer has disease-modifying effects in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome. Hum Gene Ther 2004; 14:1605-18. [PMID: 14633403 DOI: 10.1089/104303403322542257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice develop spontaneous autoimmune sialadenitis and loss of salivary flow, and are a widely used model of Sjögren's syndrome. We examined the feasibility of local salivary gland immunomodulatory gene delivery to alter these sequelae in NOD mice. We constructed recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors encoding either human interleukin 10 (rAAVhIL-10) or beta-galactosidase (rAAVLacZ, control vector). Mice received rAAVhIL-10 or rAAVLacZ by retrograde submandibular ductal instillation either at age 8 weeks (early, before onset of sialadenitis), or at 16 weeks (late, after onset of sialadenitis). As a systemic treatment control, separate mice received intramuscular delivery of rAAVhIL-10 at each time point. Both submandibular and intramuscular delivery of vector led to low circulating levels of hIL-10. After submandibular administration of rAAVhIL-10, salivary flow rates at 20 weeks for both the early and late treatment groups were significantly higher than for both rAAVLacZ-administered and untreated mice. Systemic delivery of rAAVhIL-10 led to improved salivary flow in the late treatment group. Inflammatory infiltrates in submandibular glands, however, were significantly reduced only in mice receiving rAAVhIL-10 locally in the salivary gland compared with mice receiving this vector intramuscularly, or rAAVLacZ or no treatment. In addition, after submandibular rAAVhIL-10 delivery, NOD mice exhibited significantly lower blood glucose, and higher serum insulin, levels than all other groups, indicating some systemic benefit of this treatment. These studies show that expression of hIL-10 by rAAV vectors can have disease-modifying effects in the salivary glands of NOD mice, and suggest that local immunomodulatory gene transfer may be useful for managing the salivary gland pathology in Sjögren's syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Kok
- Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oikawa Y, Shimada A, Kasuga A, Morimoto J, Osaki T, Tahara H, Miyazaki T, Tashiro F, Yamato E, Miyazaki JI, Saruta T. Systemic administration of IL-18 promotes diabetes development in young nonobese diabetic mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 171:5865-75. [PMID: 14634096 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.11.5865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-18 is now identified as a pleiotropic cytokine that acts as a cofactor for both Th1 and Th2 cell development. Type 1 diabetes is considered a Th1-type autoimmune disease, and to date, the suppressive effect of exogenous IL-18 on the development of diabetes has been reported in 10-wk-old nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. In the present study we administered exogenous IL-18 systemically in 4-wk-old NOD mice using i.m. injection of the IL-18 expression plasmid DNA (pCAGGS-IL-18) with electroporation. Contrary to previous reports, the incidence of diabetes development was significantly increased in NOD mice injected with pCAGGS-IL-18 compared with that in control mice. Systemic and pancreatic cytokine profiles deviated to a Th1-dominant state, and the the frequency of glutamic acid decarboxylase-reactive IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) cells was also high in the IL-18 group. Moreover, it was suggested that the promoting effect of IL-18 might be associated with increased peripheral IL-12, CD86, and pancreatic IFN-inducible protein-10 mRNA expression levels. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that IL-18 plays a promoting role as an enhancer of Th1-type immune responses in diabetes development early in the spontaneous disease process, which may contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- B7-2 Antigen
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism
- Incidence
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40
- Interleukin-18/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-18/blood
- Interleukin-18/genetics
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Plasmids
- Protein Subunits/biosynthesis
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Severity of Illness Index
- Th1 Cells/enzymology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Oikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Denryoku Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Goudy KS, Burkhardt BR, Wasserfall C, Song S, Campbell-Thompson ML, Brusko T, Powers MA, Clare-Salzler MJ, Sobel ES, Ellis TM, Flotte TR, Atkinson MA. Systemic overexpression of IL-10 induces CD4+CD25+ cell populations in vivo and ameliorates type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice in a dose-dependent fashion. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:2270-8. [PMID: 12928371 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.5.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Early systemic treatment of nonobese diabetic mice with high doses of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector expressing murine IL-10 prevents type 1 diabetes. To determine the therapeutic parameters and immunological mechanisms underlying this observation, female nonobese diabetic mice at 4, 8, and 12 wk of age were given a single i.m. injection of rAAV-murine IL-10 (10(4), 10(6), 10(8), and 10(9) infectious units (IU)), rAAV-vector expressing truncated murine IL-10 fragment (10(9) IU), or saline. Transduction with rAAV-IL-10 at 10(9) IU completely prevented diabetes in all animals injected at all time points, including, surprisingly, 12-wk-old animals. Treatment with 10(8) IU provided no protection in the 12-wk-old injected mice, partial prevention in 8-wk-old mice, and full protection in all animals injected at 4 wk of age. All other treatment groups developed diabetes at a similar rate. The rAAV-IL-10 therapy attenuated pancreatic insulitis, decreased MHC II expression on CD11b+ cells, increased the population of CD11b+ cells, and modulated insulin autoantibody production. Interestingly, rAAV-IL-10 therapy dramatically increased the percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Adoptive transfer studies suggest that rAAV-IL-10 treatment alters the capacity of splenocytes to impart type 1 diabetes in recipient animals. This study indicates the potential for immunomodulatory gene therapy to prevent autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, and implicates IL-10 as a molecule capable of increasing the percentages of regulatory cells in vivo.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/genetics
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Insulin Antibodies/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/therapeutic use
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Recombination, Genetic
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Goudy
- Department of Pathology, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Meagher C, Sharif S, Hussain S, Cameron MJ, Arreaza GA, Delovitch TL. Cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of murine type 1 diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 520:133-58. [PMID: 12613577 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0171-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Meagher
- The Robarts Research Institute and University of Western Ontario, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
A precise knowledge of the defects underlying type 1 and type 2 diabetes is essential for designing appropriate therapeutic strategies. Because experiments in humans are limited, naturally occurring, and especially genetically engineered rodent models, have revolutionized research in diabetes. We review some of the models created recently and discuss their impact on human diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit N Kulkarni
- Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Room 602, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hayashi T, Yasutomi Y, Hasegawa K, Sasaki Y, Onodera T. Interleukin-4-expressing plasmid DNA inhibits reovirus type-2-triggered autoimmune insulitis in DBA/1 J suckling mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2003; 84:101-6. [PMID: 12801284 PMCID: PMC2517546 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.2003.00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we have examined the effect of systemic administration of T helper (Th) 2 cytokines on reovirus type-2 (Reo-2)-triggered Th1-mediated autoimmune insulitis with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in DBA/1J suckling mice. We have demonstrated clearly that the systemic administration of both interleukin (IL)-4-expressing plasmid DNA (pIL-4) and recombinant IL-4 (rIL-4) inhibited the development of insulitis with IGT in a dose dependent manner as compared to untreated groups in Reo-2-infected DBA/1J suckling mice. The inhibitory effects of IL-4 on the development of insulitis with IGT and the advantages of pIL-4 as compared to rIL-4 in this model are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee M, Ko KS, Oh S, Kim SW. Prevention of autoimmune insulitis by delivery of a chimeric plasmid encoding interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. J Control Release 2003; 88:333-42. [PMID: 12628339 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The combined administration of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression plasmids has demonstrated synergistic effects on the prevention of autoimmune diabetes. To this end, we constructed a co-expression 'chimeric' plasmid, pCMV-IL4-IL10, in which the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 was driven by two separate CMV immediate early promoters by using the biodegradable polymer, poly[alpha-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid] (PAGA) as a gene carrier to optimize gene delivery. In vitro transfection assays of the chimeric plasmid in 293T cells showed higher expression levels as well as dose dependence than the single gene expression plasmids. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the chimeric plasmid, the pCMV-IL4-IL10/PAGA complex was intravenously injected into 4-week-old non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and compared to the co-administration group. While both groups had persistent gene expression longer than 5 weeks, the IL-4 and IL-10 serum levels of the chimeric group were higher than those in the co-administration group. Furthermore, the degree of insulitis in the chimeric group was improved over both the co-administration and non-injected control groups. These results suggest that the chimeric IL-4 and IL-10 expression plasmid can effectively reduce the incidence of autoimmune insulitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhyung Lee
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, 30 S 2000 East RM 201, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112-5820, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang YC, Pileggi A, Agarwal A, Molano RD, Powers M, Brusko T, Wasserfall C, Goudy K, Zahr E, Poggioli R, Scott-Jorgensen M, Campbell-Thompson M, Crawford JM, Nick H, Flotte T, Ellis TM, Ricordi C, Inverardi L, Atkinson MA. Adeno-associated virus-mediated IL-10 gene therapy inhibits diabetes recurrence in syngeneic islet cell transplantation of NOD mice. Diabetes 2003; 52:708-16. [PMID: 12606512 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.3.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation represents a potential cure for type 1 diabetes, yet persistent autoimmune and allogeneic immunities currently limit its clinical efficacy. For alleviating the autoimmune destruction of transplanted islets, newly diagnosed NOD mice were provided a single intramuscular injection of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector encoding murine IL-10 (rAAV-IL-10) 4 weeks before renal capsule delivery of 650 syngeneic islets. A dose-dependent protection of islet grafts was observed. Sixty percent (3 of 5) of NOD mice that received a transduction of a high-dose (4 x 10(9) infectious units) rAAV-IL-10 remained normoglycemic for at least 117 days, whereas diabetes recurred within 17 days in mice that received a low-dose rAAV-IL-10 (4 x 10(8) infectious units; 5 of 5) as well as in all of the control mice (5 of 5 untreated and 4 of 4 rAAV-green fluorescent protein-transduced). Serum IL-10 levels positively correlated with prolonged graft survival and were negatively associated with the intensity of autoimmunity. The mechanism of rAAV-IL-10 protection involved a reduction of lymphocytic infiltration as well as induction of antioxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase 1 in islet grafts. These studies support the utility of immunoregulatory cytokine gene therapy delivered by rAAV for preventing autoimmune disease recurrence in transplant-based therapies for type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Clare Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Giannoukakis N, Robbins PD. Gene and cell therapies for diabetes mellitus: strategies and clinical potential. BioDrugs 2003; 16:149-73. [PMID: 12102644 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200216030-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last 5 years have witnessed an explosion in the use of genes and cells as biomedicines. While primarily aimed at cancer, gene engineering and cell therapy strategies have additionally been used for Mendelian, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. The main focus of gene and cell therapy strategies in metabolism has been diabetes mellitus. This disease is a disorder of glucose homeostasis, either due to the immune-mediated eradication of pancreatic beta cells in the islets of Langerhans (type 1 diabetes) or resulting from insulin resistance and obesity syndromes where the insulin-producing capability of the beta cell is ultimately exhausted in the face of insensitivity to the effects of insulin in the peripheral glucose-utilising tissues (type 2 diabetes). A significant number of animal studies have demonstrated the potential in restoring normoglycaemia by islet transplantation in the context of immunoregulation achieved by gene transfer of immunoregulatory genes to allo- and xenogeneic islets ex vivo. Additionally, gene and cell therapy has also been used to induce tolerance to auto- and alloantigens and to generate the tolerant state in autoimmune rodent animal models of type 1 diabetes or rodent recipients of allogeneic/xenogeneic islet transplants. The achievements of gene and cell therapy in type 2 diabetes are less evident, but seminal studies promise that this modality can be relevant to treat and perhaps prevent the underlying causes of the disease. Here we present an overview of the current status of gene and cell therapy for type 1 and 2 diabetes and we propose potential therapeutic options that could be clinically useful. For type 1 diabetes, transplantation of islets engineered to evade or suppress the recipient immune response is the most readily-available technology today. A number of gene delivery vectors encoding proteins that impair a variety of immune cells have already been examined and proven versatile. More challenging but, nonetheless, just over the horizon are attempts to promote tolerance to islet allografts. Type 2 diabetes will likely require a better understanding of the processes that determine insulin sensitivity in the periphery. Targeting tissues such as muscle and fat with vectors encoding genes whose products promote insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake is an approach that does not carry with it the side-effects often associated with pharmacologic agents currently in use. In the end, progress in vector design, elucidation of antigen-specific immunity and insulin sensitivity will provide the framework for gene drug use in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giannoukakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bot A, Phillips WJ, von Herrath M. Antigen-based immune modulation: DNA vectors and beyond. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2002; 2:929-42. [PMID: 12517271 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2.8.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal for autoimmune immunotherapy is to achieve a specific downregulation or modification of autoaggressive immune responses while leaving in place the normal repertoire, capable of mediating antimicrobial responses. A multitude of preclinical studies, particularly during the last 15 years, raised hopes that self-antigens could be used to achieve the goal of specific immune modulation. Difficulties associated with the translation of this concept to the clinic revealed inherent limitations of antigen-based immune modulation. To increase the efficiency of antigen-dependent immune modulation, researchers started to investigate novel vectors for antigen delivery. Plasmid vectors, as opposed to protein antigens or peptides, have the ability to trigger prolonged production of limited amounts of antigen in the periphery. However, one complicating factor may be the inherent "danger" signal stimulated by the nature of the unmethylated CpG motifs on bacterial plasmid. Currently, various approaches are being explored to improve the efficacy of response while ameliorating the safety concerns of plasmids as immunotherapeutic tools. This manuscript offers a perspective on such efforts and outlines how the knowledge accumulated in the process will help scientists advance to the next generation of immunotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Bot
- AlleCure Corporation, 28903 North Avenue Paine, Valencia, CA 91355, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Deleuze V, Scherman D, Bureau MF. Interleukin-10 expression after intramuscular DNA electrotransfer: kinetic studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 299:29-34. [PMID: 12435385 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Transfected muscle can be used as a secreting tissue for therapeutic proteins. Skeletal muscle transfection is increased by suitable electric pulse application (electrotransfer). We and others had shown that electrotransfer of interleukin-10 encoding plasmid is an effective strategy in animal models of chronic diseases such as myocarditis, atherosclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. In the present work, we have studied murine interleukin-10 production and secretion after i.m. electrotransfer. In immunocompetent mice, serum and muscle mIL-10 levels were enhanced by electrotransfer. Serum mIL-10 concentration reached rapidly a peak level 2 days after electrotransfer. It then decreased to background at day 14. Muscle mIL-10 mRNA and protein remained more stable, being detectable up to 84 days after electrotransfer. A boost reinjection led to similar high level of circulating mIL-10. The fast decrease of serum mIL-10 was not observed in SCID mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Deleuze
- UMR 7001 CNRS/ENSCP/Gencell S.A., Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alforville, 13 quai Jules Guesde, BP 14, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Meng X, Sawamura D, Ina S, Tamai K, Hanada K, Hashimoto I. Keratinocyte gene therapy: cytokine gene expression in local keratinocytes and in circulation by introducing cytokine genes into skin. Exp Dermatol 2002; 11:456-61. [PMID: 12366699 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2002.110509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using the plasmid DNA injection method, we introduced cytokine genes into skin to determine whether systemic expression of cytokine genes is possible. Eight human cytokine [interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)] gene expression vectors were constructed and injected into rat skin. Transgenic cytokines in local keratinocytes and in the sera were assayed with ELISA. Our results showed that transgenic cytokines were markedly increased in keratinocytes at the injection site. The serum concentrations of IL-4, 6, 10 and TauGF-beta1 reached levels high enough to have systemic biologic effects. However, other cytokines used in this study could not be detected in the sera. Moreover, the serum transgenic IL-10 level after subcutaneous injection was significantly higher than after intramuscular injection. We suggest that keratinocytes can be used as a bioreactor to achieve systemic expression of cytokine genes by DNA injection, but the transgenic protein level in circulation depends on different kinds of cytokine. This level also depends on different target cells used for gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tarner IH, Fathman CG. The potential for gene therapy in the treatment of autoimmune disease. Clin Immunol 2002; 104:204-16. [PMID: 12217329 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2002.5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo H Tarner
- Department of Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5166, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hasegawa K, Hayashi T, Maeda K, Onodera T. Plasmid encoding interferon-gamma exacerbates reovirus type-2-induced diabetes in DBA/1 suckling mice. J Comp Pathol 2002; 127:203-7. [PMID: 12354532 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2002.0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of administration of a plasmid encoding interferon(IFN)-gamma on reovirus type-2(Reo-2)-induced autoimmune insulitis in suckling DBA/1 mice. Cumulative incidences of diabetes and insulitis at 17 days post-infection in the mice treated with IFN-gamma-encoding plasmid were higher than those in control mice treated with "empty" plasmid. These results suggested that the IFN-gamma-encoding plasmid promoted autoimmune insulitis in Reo-2-induced diabetes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Animals, Suckling
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/virology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/virology
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Orthoreovirus, Mammalian/genetics
- Orthoreovirus, Mammalian/pathogenicity
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/genetics
- Reoviridae Infections/blood
- Reoviridae Infections/complications
- Reoviridae Infections/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hasegawa
- Laboratories of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- J M Vitolo
- Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Adachi O, Nakano A, Sato O, Kawamoto S, Tahara H, Toyoda N, Yamato E, Matsumori A, Tabayashi K, Miyazaki J. Gene transfer of Fc-fusion cytokine by in vivo electroporation: application to gene therapy for viral myocarditis. Gene Ther 2002; 9:577-83. [PMID: 11973633 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2001] [Accepted: 02/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among a number of techniques for gene transfer in vivo, the direct injection of plasmid DNA into muscle is simple, inexpensive and safe. Although combining direct DNA injection with in vivo electroporation increases the efficiency of gene transfer into muscle, applications of this method have remained limited because of the relatively low expression level. To overcome this problem, we developed a plasmid vector that expresses a secretory protein as a fusion protein with the noncytolytic immunoglobulin Fc portion and used it for electroporation-mediated viral interleukin 10 (vIL-10) expression in vivo. The fusion cytokine vIL-10/mutFc was successfully expressed and the peak serum concentration of vIL-10 was almost 100-fold (195 ng/ml) higher than with a non-fusion vIL-10 expression plasmid. The expressed fusion cytokine suppressed the phytohemagglutinin-induced IFN-gamma production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and decreased the mortality in a mouse viral myocarditis model as effectively as vIL-10 expression. These results demonstrate that the transfer of plasmid DNA expressing a noncytolytic Fc-fusion cytokine is useful to deliver enhanced levels of cytokine without altering general biological activities. This simple and efficient system should provide a new approach to gene therapy for human diseases and prove very useful for investigating the function of newly discovered secretory protein genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Adachi
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yamakami K, Akao S, Tadakuma T, Nitta Y, Miyazaki JI, Yoshizawa N. Administration of plasmids expressing interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 causes BALB/c mice to induce a T helper 2-type response despite the expected T helper 1-type response with a low-dose infection of Leishmania major. Immunology 2002; 105:515-23. [PMID: 11985672 PMCID: PMC1782681 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BALB/c mice are susceptible to developing an infection with Leishmania major as a result of a fatal T helper 2 (Th2)-type response. However, mice infected with a low dose of parasites are reported to be able to overcome the lesions associated with a T helper 1 (Th1)-type response. To clarify why a difference in the dose of parasites induces a difference in the polarization of the Th phenotype, we first attempted to measure cytokine production. Soon after infection, the mice given high doses of parasites produced elevated levels of both Th1 [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] and Th2 [interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10] cytokines. However, when assessed at 1 and 2 weeks after infection, no significant difference in the balance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines could be detected between mice infected with low or high doses of L. major. These results support the notion that the Th2 cytokine levels at an early phase of infection could be a key factor for the induction of a Th2 response. In order to assess the efficacy of Th2 cytokines, the mice infected with low doses of L. major were co-administered IL-4 plasmid and IL-10 plasmid. Consequently, the mice (which originally exhibited a Th1 response) showed progressive disease and developed a Th2 response. However, administration of these plasmids at 7 days postinfection could not alter the Th polarization. Furthermore, production of IL-12 from the spleen cells stimulated by L. major was suppressed in the presence of IL-4 and IL-10. These results strongly suggest that the susceptibility to L. major in BALB/c mice depends on the persistence of Th2 cytokine levels at an early phase of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamakami
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Casares S, Hurtado A, McEvoy RC, Sarukhan A, von Boehmer H, Brumeanu TD. Down-regulation of diabetogenic CD4+ T cells by a soluble dimeric peptide-MHC class II chimera. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:383-91. [PMID: 11862219 DOI: 10.1038/ni770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that is mediated by autoreactive T cells. We show here that administration of a soluble dimeric peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) class II chimera (DEF) to prediabetic double-transgenic mice prevents the onset of disease or, in animals that are already diabetic, restores normoglycemia. The antidiabetogenic effects of DEF rely on the induction of anergy in splenic autoreactive CD4+ T cells via alteration of early T cell receptor signaling and stimulation of interleukin 10-secreting T regulatory type 1 cells in the pancreas. Soluble dimeric pMHC class II may be useful in the development of immunospecific therapies for type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Casares
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|