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Aonso-Diego G, Krotter A, García-Pérez Á. Prevalence of energy drink consumption world-wide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2024; 119:438-463. [PMID: 37967848 DOI: 10.1111/add.16390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The increasing market for energy drinks (EDs) in recent years, as well as the health risks caused by their consumption, prompt calls to estimate the prevalence of ED use among different countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the prevalence of ED use in different continents and age groups. METHOD We searched two databases (i.e. PubMed and PsycInfo) on 31 March 2023 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of ED use. A total of 192 studies (196 distinct samples; n = 1 120 613; 53.37% males) from the United States, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa were included in the analysis. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall pooled prevalence at several time-periods. Subgroup analyses were performed to provide prevalence based on continent and age group. The quality of articles was assessed using Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. Measurements included prevalence of ED use (i.e. life-time, past 12 months, past 30 days, past 7 days and daily use), continent and age group (i.e. children, adolescents, young adults and adults). RESULTS The life-time ED use world-wide-pooled prevalence was estimated to be 54.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 48.8-60.6; I2 = 99.80], 43.4% (95% CI = 36.1-50.6; I2 = 99.92) in the past 12 months, 32.3% (95% CI = 28.8-35.8; I2 = 99.82) in the past 30 days, 21.6% (95% CI = 18.7-24.5; I2 = 99.95) in the past 7 days and 8.82% (95% CI = 6.3-11.4; I2 = 99.95) daily ED use. Subgroups analyses showed significant differences in ED life-time use within age groups (P = 0.002) and continents (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS The world-wide prevalence of energy drink use appears to be high, particularly among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Krotter
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel García-Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy, University of León, León, Spain
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Alshumrani R, Shalabi B, Sultan A, Wazira L, Almutiri S, Sharkar A. Consumption of energy drinks and their effects on sleep quality among medical students. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1609-1614. [PMID: 37767430 PMCID: PMC10521823 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Energy drinks contain caffeine, which causes genuine concern among health professionals and authorities about their negative health effects. Their effect on sleep quality specifically was not well studied. In our study, we aim to assess the prevalence of energy drink consumption and its effect on the quality of sleep among Saudi medical students. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was done on 260 medical students who were in their first till the sixth academic year at King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was distributed as a Google form including demographics, the beverage questionnaire (BEVQ-15), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Results Coffee was found to be the most favorite (56.5%) caffeinated beverage among medical students, 46.2% reported a sleep duration of 5 h, and 15% reported a sleep latency of more than 30 min. Also, 19.3% were found to have reduced sleep efficiency (less than 74%) and 82.6% used sleep medication once a week. Male students had a significantly higher mean frequency of drinking Energy & Sports drinks (Red Bull, code red, Gatorade, etc.) compared to females. Moreover, 74.6% of the medical students studied had poor sleep quality, with no relationship found between sleep quality and participant demographics, favorite caffeinated beverages, BEVQ-15 scale scores, or the frequency of energy drink consumption. In contrast, the PSQI and BEVQ-15 scores showed a significant positive correlation. Conclusion Students at the university level should be educated on the causes of poor sleep quality and the effect of energy drinks on sleep quality. More research on a larger sample of Saudi university students is needed to determine the scope of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya Alshumrani
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer Shalabi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsamad Sultan
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamar Wazira
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Almutiri
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam Sharkar
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Nowak D, Czarnecki D, Świątek A, Ziółkowski M. Effect of various factors on energy drinks consumption, and their connection with alcohol consumption. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13281. [PMID: 37252879 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Energy drinks (EDs) have become widely popular among adolescents and young adults. Excessive consumption of EDs can lead to ED abuse and alcohol abuse. Therefore, this study has aimed to analyse the consumption of EDs in a group of patients suffering from alcohol dependence and among young adults, considering such issues as the amounts consumed, underlying reasons and threats arising from excessive consumption of ED and their mixing with alcohol (AmED). The study included 201 men (101 patients treated due to alcohol dependence and 100 young adults/students). Each research participant responded to questions in a survey designed by the researchers (socio-demographic data, clinical data, including consumption of ED, AmED and alcohol), the MAST and SADD. The participants also had their arterial blood pressure measured. EDs were consumed by 92% of the patients and 52% of young adults. A statistically significant dependence was confirmed between consumption of ED and tobacco smoking (p < 0.001), as well as the place of residence (p = 0.044). For 22% of the patients, ED consumption had an effect on alcohol consumption, where 7% admitted to feeling an increased urge to drink alcohol, and 15% said ED consumption decreased it. A statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) was also shown between ED consumption and the consumption of EDs mixed with alcohol (AmED). This study may implicate that widespread consumption of EDs predisposes to the consumption of alcohol mixed with ED or separate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Damian Czarnecki
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Świątek
- Department of Biostatistics and Theory of Biomedical Systems, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziółkowski
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Protano C, Valeriani F, De Giorgi A, Marotta D, Ubaldi F, Napoli C, Liguori G, Romano Spica V, Vitali M, Gallè F. Consumption patterns of energy drinks in university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition 2023; 107:111904. [PMID: 36529090 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Energy drink (ED) use is promoted to stimulate mental and/or physical activity, and their popularity has increased over the years, especially among young people. However, the use of EDs is often improper, and can induce adverse effects for human health. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the literature to characterize the prevalence of ED consumption and motivations for use among undergraduate students. Furthermore, adverse effects and health-related behaviors associated with ED consumption were explored. METHODS This systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, and the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used for data research. RESULTS A total of 71 articles published between 2007 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The estimated overall prevalence of ED consumption was 42.9% in undergraduate students (95% confidence interval, 42.5%-43.3%), with significant heterogeneity among studies (Q test: P < 0.001; I2 = 99.4%). The main reasons for use were engagement in study, projects or examinations, stay awake or alert, and physical activity/sport engagement. Sleep disturbance and increased heart rate or blood pressure were the most commonly reported adverse effects. ED consumption was frequently associated with alcohol use and smoking. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the inappropriate use of EDs and related unhealthy behaviors should be identified early, and addressed through effective educational interventions.<END ABSTRACT>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Valeriani
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea De Giorgi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Marotta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ubaldi
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
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Gandhi S, Hinson K, Gandhi V, Sharma S. Factors and perceptions associated with energy drink consumption among undergraduate students attending a rural university: a descriptive study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36701478 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2164719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined the prevalence, patterns, and knowledge of Energy Drink (ED) consumption among undergraduate students. Participants: Participants included students (n = 373) attending a medium-sized rural university in Texas. Methods: Students were surveyed anonymously using convenience sampling and a cross-sectional design with 15 items structured questionnaire. Results: Nearly 90% of the study participants (N = 373) were between 18-24 years. Among the consumers (n = 165), the majority were females (80%) and Caucasian (73%). About 60% of them lived on campus, 22% were engaged in some type of sports activity, and primarily represented the freshmen (42%) and sophomore (25%) population. Having apriori knowledge of the negative health effects of EDs was associated with their consumption [OR: 0.40, CI: (0.22, 0.72)]. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to establish programs and policies on campus to address ED consumption issues and create educational campaigns to inform the undergraduate population attending a rural university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subi Gandhi
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Public Health and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences and Human Services, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas, USA
| | - Katrina Hinson
- Department of English and Languages, College of Liberal and Fine Arts, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas, USA
| | - Viraj Gandhi
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Sushma Sharma
- Health Care Research, The Hospital and Health System Association of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
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Plumber N, Majeed M, Ziff S, Thomas SE, Bolla SR, Gorantla VR. Stimulant Usage by Medical Students for Cognitive Enhancement: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e15163. [PMID: 34178492 PMCID: PMC8216643 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulants have been used throughout human history for a variety of reasons. High levels of stress and the demanding nature of medical school make their usage among medical students particularly common. The most prevalent stimulant used by students is coffee, followed by tea and other forms of caffeine like sugary energy drinks. In addition, amphetamine-based medications for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been increasing in popularity, which many students take illicitly. Students report taking various forms of stimulants to promote cognitive enhancement, prolong wakefulness and retain focus for long periods of time. Moderate doses of caffeine and amphetamines would lead to enhanced alertness and concentration. However, large increases in dosage or frequency would lead to an increased risk of toxicity and adverse effects. The positive outcomes from stimulant consumption are often overshadowed by the negative side effects and incorrect dosage. Thus, it appears that usage of stimulants should be limited, in favor of a more sustainable approach to cognitive enhancement. This review analyzes the use of stimulants among the medical student community, consequences of misuse and discussed the healthy and organic approaches to lessen the stress and improve academic performance. This article also discusses the mechanisms of action, acceptable doses, additives, ingredients of stimulants commonly used by medical students for cognitive enhancement and the implications of long-term use as the stress of practicing medicine extends well beyond the medical school years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorine Plumber
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, GRD
| | - Maliha Majeed
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, GRD
| | - Shawn Ziff
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, GRD
| | - Sneha E Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | - Srinivasa Rao Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur Sultan, KAZ
| | - Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, GRD
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Alafif N, Al-Rashed A, Altowairqi K, Muharraq A. Prevalence of energy drink consumption and association with dietary habits among governmental university students in Riyadh. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4511-4515. [PMID: 34354437 PMCID: PMC8324967 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the prevalence of Energy Drinks (ED) consumption, and the adverse effects experienced by consumers among governmental university students in Riyadh, and to assess the relationship between ED consumption and dietary habits. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in 2020 in a random sample of students at government universities in Riyadh (King Saud University (KSU) and Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU). The study was conducted within a time frame of 3 months which included a total of 546 students. The data collection tool was an online self-administered questionnaire that included three sections. The first section addressed the characteristics of the students, the second section addressed ED consumption, and the third section addressed the dietary habits of ED consumers. A SPSS software-based analysis revealed that the percentage of ED consumers in our cohort was 29.3%. Moreover, we found a significant association between ED consumption and consumption of fewer than three meals, skipping breakfast, and fast food intake (χ2 = 0.002, P = 0.364; χ2 = 0.028, P = 0.341; and (χ2 = 0.010, P = 0.369, respectively), with moderate correlation. No association was found between the consumption of EDs and that of fruits, vegetables, and snacks. Moreover, 36% of the consumers experienced jolt-and-crash symptoms and signs after ED consumption, with 84.5% of them exhibiting increased consumption of salty snacks, sweets, and fast food during the episodes. Our findings showed that ED consumption is not a common practice among governmental university students in Riyadh. Furthermore, the consumption of EDs was correlated with unhealthy dietary habits. Creating educational programs for school going students and providing healthy alternative options to the students is highly recommend. Future research should be conducted using a larger sample and including universities from the private sector, to compare the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alafif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anfal Al-Rashed
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija Altowairqi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Muharraq
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Energy drink consumption among pre-clinical medical students attending a public medical school in Istanbul, Turkey. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.570908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Borlu A, Oral B, Gunay O. Consumption of energy drinks among Turkish University students and its health hazards. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:537-542. [PMID: 31086547 PMCID: PMC6500837 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.2.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the awareness, consumption patterns of energy drinks (ED) and health hazards among students at a Turkish University. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by questionnaire method between in 2017 among Erciyes University students. Total 1257 students from the Faculties of Medicine, Communication and Physical Education and Sports College participated in the study. Pearson chi-square test, binary logistic regressions were used for statistical analysis. p <0.05 values were considered significant. Results: Students who tried at least once and consumed regularly ED were 52.5% and 15.7% respectively. Consuming regularly and trying ED were more common among students who were studying at Physical Education and Sports High school, male, smoking, alcohol consumer, doing regular physical activity. Mean age of students to start drinking ED was 15.1 years. Most common reason for ED consumption was; staying awake. Alcohol mixed energy drinks consumption rate was 37.6% among regular ED consumers. Most declared harmful effect was palpitation. Conclusion: ED consumption among Erciyes University students was widespread. Students should be informed about EDs’ hazards for health. Legal regulations regarding production, marketing and advertising of EDs must be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Borlu
- Arda Borlu, M.D. Assistant Professor Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Public Health Department, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Belgin Oral
- Belgin Oral, MD HSU Ataturk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Gunay
- Prof. Osman Gunay, M.D Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Public Health Department, Kayseri, Turkey
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Basrai M, Schweinlin A, Menzel J, Mielke H, Weikert C, Dusemund B, Putze K, Watzl B, Lampen A, Bischoff SC. Energy Drinks Induce Acute Cardiovascular and Metabolic Changes Pointing to Potential Risks for Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2019; 149:441-450. [PMID: 30805607 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Case reports suggest a link between energy drinks (EDs) and adverse events, including deaths. OBJECTIVES We examined cardiovascular and metabolic effects of EDs and mixtures providing relevant ingredients of EDs compared to a similarly composed control product (CP) without these components. METHODS This randomized, crossover trial comprised 38 adults (19 women, mean BMI 23 kg/m2, mean age 22 y). We examined effects of a single administration of a commercial ED, the CP, and the CP supplemented with major ED-ingredients at the same concentrations as in the ED. The study products were administered at 2 volumes, 750 or 1000 mL. RESULTS Both volumes of the study products were acceptably tolerated with no dose-dependent effects on blood pressure (BP, primary outcome), heart rate, heart rate corrected duration of QT-segment in electrocardiography (QTc interval), and glucose metabolism. After ED consumption, 11% of the participants reported symptoms, in contrast to 0-3% caused by other study products. After 1 h, administration of an ED caused an increase in systolic BP (116.9 ± 10.4 to 120.7 ± 10.7 mmHg, mean ± SD, P < 0.01) and a QTc prolongation (393.3 ± 20.6 to 400.8 ± 24.1 ms, P < 0.01). Also caffeine, but not taurine or glucuronolactone, caused an increase in BP, but no QTc prolongation. The BP effects were most pronounced after 1 h and returned to normal after a few hours. All study products caused a decrease in serum glucose and an increase in insulin concentrations after 1 h compared to baseline values, corresponding to an elevation in the HOMA-IR (ED + 4.0, other products + 1.0-2.8, all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION A single high-volume intake of ED caused adverse changes in BP, QTc, and insulin sensitivity in young, healthy individuals. These effects of EDs cannot be easily attributed to the single components caffeine, taurine, or glucuronolactone. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01421979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Basrai
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Schweinlin
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juliane Menzel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Mielke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Exposure, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Dusemund
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Watzl
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
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Saylor J, Ji X, Calamaro CJ, Davey A. Does sleep duration, napping, and social jetlag predict hemoglobin A1c among college students with type 1 diabetes mellitus? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 148:102-109. [PMID: 30641174 PMCID: PMC7274839 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The first aim examined the relationship between sleep behaviors (duration, napping, and social jetlag) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among emerging young adults (EYAs) with T1DM between 18 and 25 years old, who are living on a college campus. The second aim characterized the gender differences in glucose management, sleep behaviors, caffeine intake, and nighttime technology. METHODS A cross-sectional study of eligible participants used a convenience sample of eligible participants. Using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), participants completed surveys about diabetes management, caffeine intake, nighttime technology use, and sleep-related behaviors. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple linear regression to predict HbA1c from sleep behaviors, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Participants (N = 76) average years with T1DM was 10.25 ± 5.70. Compared to females, males had a longer sleep duration lower HbA1c levels. HbA1c levels were negatively correlated with weekday sleep (r = -0.24, p = 0.03) and positively correlated with napping (r = 0.34, p = 0.003). After adjusting for covariates, participants who napped had a higher HbA1c level (β = 0.74, p = 0.03) compared with non-nappers. CONCLUSIONS Higher HbA1c levels were found among EYAs with T1DM in college who were nappers and had a longer sleep duration. Modifying sleep behaviors may be an appropriate target to improve glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Saylor
- University of Delaware, Tower at STAR, 5th Floor, 100 Discovery Blvd, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
| | - Xiaopeng Ji
- University of Delaware, Tower at STAR, 5th Floor, 100 Discovery Blvd, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
| | | | - Adam Davey
- University of Delaware, Carpenter Sports Building, 26 North College Avenue, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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Pound CM, Blair B. Re: Pound CM, Blair B. Energy and sports drinks in children and adolescents. Paediatr Child Health. 2017;22(7):406-10. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 23:302. [PMID: 30039810 PMCID: PMC6007499 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Pound
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Becky Blair
- Child Health Program, Community and Family Health, Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Barrie, Ontario
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13
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Verster JC, Benson S, Johnson SJ, Alford C, Godefroy SB, Scholey A. Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta-analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:e2650. [PMID: 29417616 PMCID: PMC5901036 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically review the (1) prevalence of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) consumption, (2) motives for AMED consumption, (3) correlates of AMED consumption, and (4) whether AMED consumption has an impact on (a) alcohol consumption, (b) subjective intoxication, and (c) risk-taking behavior. Overall a minority of the population consumes AMED, typically infrequently. Motives for AMED consumption are predominantly hedonistic and social. Meta-analyses revealed that AMED consumers drink significantly more alcohol than alcohol-only (AO) consumers. Within-subject comparisons restricted to AMED consumers revealed that alcohol consumption does not significantly differ between typical AMED and AO occasions. On past month heaviest drinking occasions, AMED users consume significantly less alcohol on AMED occasions when compared to AO occasions. AMED consumers experience significantly fewer negative consequences and risk-taking behavior on AMED occasions compared with AO occasions. Meta-analyses of subjective intoxication studies suggest that AMED consumption does not differentially affect subjective intoxication when compared to AO consumption. In conclusion, when compared to AO consumption, mixing alcohol with energy drink does not affect subjective intoxication and seems unlikely to increase total alcohol consumption, associated risk-taking behavior, nor other negative alcohol-related consequences. Further research may be necessary to fully reveal the effects of AMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris C. Verster
- Division of PharmacologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Centre for Human PsychopharmacologySwinburne UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah Benson
- Centre for Human PsychopharmacologySwinburne UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sean J. Johnson
- Psychological Sciences Research GroupUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
- Centre for Research in BiosciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Chris Alford
- Psychological Sciences Research GroupUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
- Centre for Research in BiosciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Samuel Benrejeb Godefroy
- Department of Food Sciences, Food Risk Analysis and Regulatory Excellence Platform (FRAREP)Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université LavalQuebec CityQCCanada
- Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human PsychopharmacologySwinburne UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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