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Lin H, Wang W, Peng M, Kong Y, Zhang X, Wei X, Shang H. Pharmacological properties of Polygonatum and its active ingredients for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Chin Med 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38163901 PMCID: PMC10759625 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite continued advances in prevention and treatment strategies, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide, and more effective therapeutic methods are urgently needed. Polygonatum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a variety of pharmacological applications and biological activities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammation, antibacterial effect, immune-enhancing effect, glucose regulation, lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects, treatment of diabetes and anticancer effect. There has also been more and more evidence to support the cardioprotective effect of Polygonatum in recent years. However, up to now, there has been a lack of comprehensive studies on the active ingredients and their pharmacotoxicological effects related to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the main active components of Polygonatum (including Polysaccharides, Flavonoids, Saponins) and their biological activities were firstly reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, we summarized the pharmacological effects of Polygonatum's active components in preventing and treating CVDs, and its relevant toxicological investigations. Finally, we emphasize the potential of Polygonatum in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Lin
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Mengqi Peng
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Yifan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongcai Shang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Polygonatum stenophyllum improves menopausal obesity via regulation of lipolysis-related enzymes. J Nat Med 2016; 70:789-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Cigremis Y, Akgoz M, Ozen H, Karaman M, Kart A, Gecer M, Atalan G. Resveratrol ameliorates cisplatin-induced oxidative injury in New Zealand rabbits. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:727-35. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the preventive role of resveratrol in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The study used groups of New Zealand rabbits that were treated as follows: group C (cisplatin treated), group R (resveratrol treated), group R+C (resveratrol + cisplatin treatment), and group E (control group). Kidney levels of glutathione were significantly lower in group C than in groups E and R, whereas glutathione levels in group R+C were found to be similar to the control values. Malondialdehyde levels in group C were significantly higher than in groups E and R. However, malondialdehyde levels in group R+C were similar to group E. Kidney levels of nitric oxide were significantly higher in the cisplatin group than in the control, whereas nitric oxide levels were at basal values in group R+C. Cisplatin treatment significantly reduced kidney levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity compared with those of group E, whereas resveratrol treatment significantly increased levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity in group R+C. However, cisplatin injection did not affect mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, or catalase enzymes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that cisplatin caused kidney damage, which was mostly prevented by resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, resveratrol ameliorates cisplatin-induced oxidative injury in the kidney of rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Cigremis
- Inonu University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Muslum Akgoz
- TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (UME), Bioanalysis Laboratory, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozen
- Kafkas University, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Musa Karaman
- Kafkas University, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Asım Kart
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Murat Gecer
- TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (UME), Bioanalysis Laboratory, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gultekin Atalan
- Erciyes University, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ismail M, Al-Naqeep G, Chan KW. Nigella sativa thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:664-72. [PMID: 20005291 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant activities of the thymoquinone-rich fraction (TQRF) extracted from Nigella sativa and its bioactive compound, thymoquinone (TQ), in rats with induced hypercholesterolemia were investigated. Rats were fed a semipurified diet supplemented with 1% (w/w) cholesterol and were treated with TQRF and TQ at dosages ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 g/kg and 20 to 100 mg/kg body wt, respectively, for 8 weeks. The hydroxyl radical (OH(.))-scavenging activity of plasma samples collected from experimental rats was measured by electron spin resonance. The GenomeLab Genetic Analysis System was used to study the molecular mechanism that mediates the antioxidative properties of TQRF and TQ. Plasma total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in the TQRF- and TQ-treated rats compared to untreated rats. Feeding rats a 1% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in plasma antioxidant capacity, as measured by the capacity to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. However, rats treated with TQRF and TQ at various doses showed significant inhibitory activity toward the formation of OH(.) compared to untreated rats. Upon examination of liver RNA expression levels, treatment with TQRF and TQ caused the up-regulation of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX) genes compared to untreated rats (P<0.05). In support of this, liver antioxidant enzyme levels, including SOD1 and GPX, were also apparently increased in the TQRF- and TQ-treated rats compared to untreated rats (P<0.05). In conclusion, TQRF and TQ effectively improved the plasma and liver antioxidant capacity and enhanced the expression of liver antioxidant genes of hypercholesterolemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maznah Ismail
- Nutrigenomics Program, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Stefano JT, de Oliveira CPMS, Corrêa-Giannella ML, de Lima VMR, de Sá SV, de Oliveira EP, de Mello ES, Giannella-Neto D, Alves VAF, Carrilho FJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in ob/ob mice treated with yo jyo hen shi ko (YHK): effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:3448-54. [PMID: 17394061 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-9810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
YHK has antioxidant properties, has a hypoglycemic effect, and may reduce plasma lipid levels. In this study, we examined the hepatic expression of PPAR-alpha and -gamma and MTP in ob/ob mice receiving or not receiving YHK. Ob/ob mice were assigned to receive oral YHK (20 mg/kg/day) fed solution (methionine/choline-deficient [MCD] diet+YHK group) or vehicle (MCD group) by gavage for 4 weeks. Liver fragments were collected for histologic examination and mRNA isolation. PPAR-alpha and -gamma and MTP gene expression was examined by RT-qPCR. YHK treatment was associated with NASH prevention, weight loss, and reduction of visceral fat and of serum concentrations of aminotransferases in comparison to the MCD group. YHK promoted an increment in PPAR-alpha and MTP and a decrement in PPAR-gamma mRNA contents. These findings suggest that modulation of PPAR-alpha and -gamma and MTP RNA expression may be implicated in the protective effect of YHK in experimental NASH, limiting hepatocyte lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Tadeu Stefano
- University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology (LIM-07), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Lebedinsky AS, Cherkashina DV, Sukach AN, Volkova NA, Fuller BJ, Petrenko AY. Positive effects of cryopreserved adult or fetal liver cell transplants on hypercholesterolemia and hepatic antioxidant defenses in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Cryobiology 2007; 55:72-9. [PMID: 17624324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2006] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in lipid metabolism and the pathophysiology of many lipid disorders leads in turn to liver cell injury. Adult hepatocyte transplants provide well-recognized metabolic support, whilst hepatic stem cells may promote liver regeneration and repair, but in both cases, any clinical application would require low temperature banking of the cells. A model of dietary hypercholesterolemia was established in rabbits over 5 months, and transplants of cryopreserved adult hepatocytes (CH) and cryopreserved fetal liver cells (CFLC) were compared to Sham transplants. Cryopreservation was performed by a two-step freezing protocol using 1.5mol/l dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO). Serum contents of cholesterol lipid classes were measured during the subsequent 4 weeks, in addition to markers of serum and liver oxidative stress. Both CH and CFLC transplantation resulted in a decrease of serum lipids during the 1st week after transplantation. The effect of CH was limited to the 1st week, but CFLC provided a sustained lipid-lowering effect over the 4 weeks. The ultimate outcome of CFLC transplantation by the end of 4 weeks was more pronounced and statistically significant for both serum total cholesterol (0.15+/-0.05 versus 3.65+/-1.4mmol/l) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (0.04+/-0.01 versus 0.56+/-0.06mmol/l) compared to Sham transplants (p<0.05 in both cases). CFLC transplantation also normalized hepatic tissue antioxidant defenses, namely an increase in reduced glutathione content, and enzyme activities for catalase and glutathione reductase (all significantly higher at p<0.05 than in Sham transplants) by 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Lebedinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, Pereyaslavskaya Street, 23, Kharkov 61015, Ukraine
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de Lima VMR, de Oliveira CPMS, Sawada LY, Barbeiro HV, de Mello ES, Soriano FG, Alves VAF, Caldwell SH, Carrilho FJ. Yo jyo hen shi ko, a novel Chinese herbal, prevents nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in ob/ob mice fed a high fat or methionine-choline-deficient diet. Liver Int 2007; 27:227-34. [PMID: 17311618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Yo jyo hen shi ko (YHK) is a complex compound purported to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by blocking the propagation of radical-induced reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the effect of YHK in experimental NASH. METHODS NASH was induced in male ob/ob mice by a high-fat (HF) diet or methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks. YHK-treated animals received YHK solution orally (20 mg/kg/day) in both experimental diets (n=6; each group) while control animals received only vehicle. RESULTS The MCD and HF groups developed moderate diffuse macrosteatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, and a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate. With the addition of YHK, there was a marked reduction in macrosteatosis in both groups. This was associated with decreased lipoperoxide and reduced glutathione-GSH concentrations as well as reduced serum aminotransferases and improved histological markers of inflammation. These changes were also associated with weight loss in the MCD+YHK group and diminished weight gain in the HF+YHK group. CONCLUSION YHK therapy blunts the development of macrosteatosis in these models of NASH and significantly reduces markers of oxidative stress. YHK also diminishes weight gain in this obesity prone model. Our findings warrant further study on the mechanisms involved with these effects.
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Jeon SM, Park YB, Kwon OS, Huh TL, Lee WH, Do KM, Park T, Choi MS. Vitamin E supplementation alters HDL-cholesterol concentration and paraoxonase activity in rabbits fed high-cholesterol diet: comparison with probucol. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2006; 19:336-46. [PMID: 16292755 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E and probucol are well-known antioxidants that prevent cells from the oxidative stress, which is a risk factor of atherosclerosis. Male rabbits were fed either 0.03% vitamin E or 0.05% probucol in a 0.5% high-cholesterol (HC) diet for 8 weeks. Vitamin E and probucol significantly suppressed an increase in plasma total-cholesterol (total-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to HC-control group. However, plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C/total-C ratio levels and plasma paraoxonase activity were only significantly higher in vitamin E group after 8 weeks. Hepatic ACAT activity was significantly lower in both vitamin E and probucol groups than in HC-control group, while HMG-CoA reductase activity was the highest only in the probucol group. Total fecal sterol content was significantly higher in probucol and vitamin E groups than in the two control groups. Some atherogenic signs were discovered in the aortic fatty streak of HC-control group, yet not in other groups. Hepatic mRNA expressions of apo B-100 and apo C-III were significantly lower in probucol group than in other groups. Vitamin E supplementation was found to alter the plasma HDL-C-related factors; meanwhile, probucol supplementation was very effective in enhancing cholesterol metabolism, except for a negative effect that reduced plasma HDL-C concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Min Jeon
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk Dong Puk-ku, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
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Kim NY, Lee MK, Park MJ, Kim SJ, Park HJ, Choi JW, Kim SH, Cho SY, Lee JS. Momordin Ic and oleanolic acid from Kochiae Fructus reduce carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Med Food 2005; 8:177-83. [PMID: 16117609 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoprotective effects of momordin Ic and oleanolic acid obtained from Kochiae Fructus (KF), the fruit of a traditional Oriental medicinal plant, were evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, CCl4-treated, CCl4 plus momordin Ic-treated (MMDIc-CCl4), and CCl4 plus oleanolic acid-treated (OAA-CCl4). Momordin Ic (30 mg/kg of body weight) and oleanolic acid (30 mg/kg of body weight) were orally administered once a day for 14 days. A mixture of 0.2 mL/100 g of body weight of CCl4 in olive oil (1:1, vol/vol) was injected 30 minutes after the final administration of momordin Ic and oleanolic acid. The momordin Ic and oleanolic acid pretreatments resulted in significantly lower serum transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels in the CCl4-treated rats. The CCl4-treated rats had significantly lower activities of glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. However, pretreatment with momordin Ic and oleanolic acid reduced the effect of CCl4 and helped maintain levels of the enzymes. Pretreatment with momordin Ic and oleanolic acid resulted in significantly lower production of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase in the CCl4-treated rats. Pretreatment with momordin Ic resulted in lower catalase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity induction by CCl4, towards normalization. Momordin Ic and oleanolic acid obtained from KF appear to contribute to alleviating the adverse effects of CCl4 treatment by enhancing the hepatic antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the new articles published in the last year on paraoxonases, including their expression in cardiovascular diseases, and regulation by pharmacological and nutritional means. RECENT FINDINGS The elucidation of the crystal structure of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene, obtained by directed evolution, shows that it consists of a six-bladed beta-propeller with a unique active site. PON1 is present in HDL but also in lipoprotein-deficient serum, in VLDL and in chylomicrons. PON1 protects lipids in lipoproteins, in macrophages and in erythrocytes from oxidation. Cellular PON2 and PON3 were also shown to reduce oxidative stress. Beyond its antioxidative properties, PON1 possesses additional antiatherogenic properties against macrophage foam cell formation: attenuation of cholesterol and oxidized lipids influx, inhibition of macrophage cholesterol biosynthesis and stimulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux. The PON1 gene is regulated by Sp1 and protein kinase C, whereas the PON2 gene in macrophages is regulated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. PON1 activity and mass are both reduced in cardiovascular diseases and the hypocholesterolemic drugs, statins, increase serum PON1 activity (by reducing oxidative stress, or by upregulating hepatic PON1 expression). Expression of cellular PON2, like PON1, was upregulated by statins. Nutritional antioxidants, such as polyphenols, increase PON1 mRNA expression and activity, by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent mechanism. SUMMARY The elucidation of PON1 structure and its active center has enabled a better understanding of its mechanism of action, including its physio-pathological substrate(s). Some drugs and nutrients including dietary antioxidants and polyphenols considerably increase the activities of paraoxonases which, in turn, can reduce oxidative stress and atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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