1
|
Zhang L, Zhou X, Chen H, You L, Zhang T, Cheng M, Yao Y, Pan X, Yang X. Mulberry extract ameliorates T2DM-related symptoms via AMPK pathway in STZ-HFD-induced C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116475. [PMID: 37120060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is not only a tasty food but also a beneficial medicinal substance that has been historically used to treat diabetes, as recorded in Tang Ben Cao. Recent research on animal models has shown that the ethyl acetate extract of Morus alba L. fruits (EMF) has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. However, there is a lack of documentation on the specific mechanisms through which EMF exerts its hypoglycemic effects. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the impact of EMF on L6 cells and C57/BL6J mice and to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying its effects. The findings of this study can contribute to the existing evidence for the application of EMF as a therapeutic drug or dietary supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique was utilized to gather MS data. Masslynx 4.1 software in conjunction with the SciFinder database and other relevant references were used to analyze and identify the chemical composition of EMF. A series of in vitro investigations including MTT assay, glucose uptake assay and Western blot analysis were performed using an L6 cell model stably expressing IRAP-mOrange after EMF treatment. In vivo investigations were performed on a STZ-HFD co-induced T2DM mouse model, which included assessments of body composition, biochemical tests, histopathological analysis, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS MTT results revealed that EMF had no toxic effects on the cells at various concentrations. When EMF was administered to L6 cells, there was an increase in glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation activity and a significant dose-dependent enhancement of glucose uptake by L6 myotubes. EMF treatment led to a marked increase in P-AMPK levels and GLUT4 expression in the cells, but these effects were reversed by an AMPK inhibitor (Compound C). In diabetic mice with STZ-HFD-induced diabetes, EMF treatment improved oral glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Furthermore, EMF supplementation significantly reduced insulin resistance (IR) in diabetic mice, as evaluated using a steady-state model of the insulin resistance index. Histopathological sections demonstrated that acute EMF treatment reduced hepatic steatosis, pancreatic damage, and adipocyte hypertrophy. Western blot analysis demonstrated that EMF treatment also reduced abnormally high PPARγ expression, elevated the level of p-AMPK and p-ACC, and augmented the abundance of GLUT4 in insulin-sensitive peripheral tissues. SUMMARY The results suggest that EMF may exert beneficial effects on T2DM through the AMPK/GLUT4 and AMPK/ACC pathways, as well as by regulating PPARγ expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiuteng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huijian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liangzhen You
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yudi Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Effective Analysis for Blue Honeysuckle Extract in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9601020. [PMID: 36212967 PMCID: PMC9536902 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9601020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To further determine how BHE affected the growth of HCC cells, the proportion of each cell cycle phase was explored in HCC cells by flow cytometry. Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a species of bush that grows in eastern Russia. Blue honeysuckle extract (BHE) is rich in bioactive phytochemicals which can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. The mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of BHE in primary liver cancer is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth inhibition mechanism of bioactive substances from blue honeysuckle on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to explore its protein and gene targets. The compounds in BHE were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used to evaluate the effects of BHE on HCC cell proliferation, and flow cytometry assay (FCA) was used to determine how BHE arrested the proportion of each cell cycle phase in HCC cells. Western blot (WB) was performed to determine the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in HCC cells treated with different concentrations of BHE. The xenograft tumor animal models were established by HCC cell implantation. The results showed that cyanidin-3-o-glucoside and cyanidin-3-o-sophoroside which are the main biologically active components were detected in BHE. BHE is highly effective in inhibiting the proliferation of HCC cells by arresting the HCC cell cycle in the G2/M phase. BHE also downregulated the expression of conventional or classical dendritic cells-2 (cDC2) and cyclin B1 by promoting the expression of myelin transcription factor 1 (MyT1) in HCC cells. The weight and volume of xenografts were significantly decreased in the BHE treated groups when compared to the control group. BHE increased the expression of MyT1 in xenograft tissues. These findings showed that blue honeysuckle extract inhibits proliferation in vivo and in vitro by downregulating the expression of cDC2 and cyclin B1 and upregulating the expression of MyT1 in HCC cells.
Collapse
|
3
|
Linh NV, Nguyen DV, Khongdee N, Wannavijit S, Outama P, Le Xuan C, Mahatheeranont S, Sookwong P, Le TD, Hoseinifar SH, Moon YH, Van Doan H. Influence of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran derived anthocyanin-extract on growth rate, immunological response, and immune-antioxidant gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivated in a biofloc system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:604-611. [PMID: 35995373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with anthocyanin extracted from black rice bran (AR) on the growth rate, immunological response, and expression of immune and antioxidant genes in Nile tilapia raised in an indoor biofloc system. A total of 300 Nile tilapia fingerlings (15.14 ± 0.032 g) were maintained in 150 L tanks and acclimatized for two weeks. Five experimental AR diets (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1) with various anthocyanin doses were used to feed the fish. We observed that the growth and feed utilization of fish fed with different dietary AR levels increased significantly after eight weeks (p < 0.05). In addition, the serum immunity of fish fed AR diets was much greater than that of those fed non-AR diets (p < 0.05). However, there were little or no difference in between fish fed AR enriched diets and the control AR-free diet (p > 0.05). After eight weeks, fish fed AR-supplemented diets had significantly higher mRNA transcript levels in immune (interleukin [IL]-1, IL-8, and liposaccharide-binding protein [LBP]) and antioxidant (glutathione transferase-alpha [GST-α] and glutathione reductase [GSR]) genes compared to control fish fed the AR-free diet, with the greatest enhancement of mRNA transcript levels (in the case of IL-8 by up to about 5.8-fold) in the 4 g kg-1 AR diet. These findings suggest that dietary inclusion of AR extract from black rice bran at 4-8 g kg-1 could function as a herbal immunostimulant to enhance growth performance, feed consumption, and immunity in Nile tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Doai Van Nguyen
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Nuttapon Khongdee
- Department of Highland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supreya Wannavijit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyatida Outama
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chinh Le Xuan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Phumon Sookwong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanh Dien Le
- Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 71415, Viet Nam
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Yong-Hwan Moon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea; Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amer SA, Al-Khalaifah HS, Gouda A, Osman A, Goda NIA, Mohammed HA, Darwish MIM, Hassan AM, Mohamed SKA. Potential Effects of Anthocyanin-Rich Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Extract on the Growth, Intestinal Histomorphology, Blood Biochemical Parameters, and the Immune Status of Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030544. [PMID: 35326194 PMCID: PMC8944722 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of anthocyanin-rich roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (ARRE) on the growth, carcass traits, intestinal histomorphology, breast muscle composition, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, and immune status of broiler chickens were evaluated. In the present study, Hibiscus acidified ethanolic extract was reported to have a total anthocyanin content of about 359.3 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g DW, total polyphenol concentration (TPC) of about 598 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g DW, and total flavonoids (TFs) of about 100 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g DW. Two-hundred-fifty one-day-old chicks (Ross 308 broiler) (87.85 gm ± 0.32) were randomly allotted to five experimental groups and fed on basal diets supplemented with five levels of ARRE: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg Kg−1 for 35 days. Dietary ARRE addition did not improve the birds’ growth and carcass traits. Supplemental ARRE increased the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (ω-3) percentage in the breast muscle. Dietary ARRE increased the villous height, and the ARRE100 group raised the villus height to crypt depth ratio. Dietary ARRE increased the immunoexpression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the spleen. The serum thyroxine hormone (T4) level was higher in the ARRE200 group. The serum growth hormone level was increased by ARRE addition in a level-dependent manner. According to the broken-line regression analysis, the optimum inclusion level of ARRE was 280 mg Kg−1. All levels of supplemental ARRE decreased the serum triglyceride level. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased in the ARRE100-ARRE400 groups, the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was increased in the ARRE200 group, and the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was decreased by increasing the ARRE level. Supplemental ARRE significantly increased the serum levels of lysozymes and IL10. The serum complement 3 (C3) level was increased in ARRE200 and ARRE400 groups. It can be concluded that dietary ARRE addition had many beneficial effects represented by the improvements in the bird’s metabolic functions, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, antioxidant activity, immune status, and higher ω-3 content in the breast muscles. However, it had no improving effect on the birds’ growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanan S. Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Nehal I. A. Goda
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Haiam A. Mohammed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud I. M. Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Aziza M. Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sherif Kh. A. Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria Can Promote the Quality and Feeding Value of Broussonetia papyrifera (Paper Mulberry) Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains [Lactobacillus rhamnosus BDy (LR-BDy) and Lactobacillus buchneri TSy (LB-TSy)] selected from Southwest China on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro gas production of Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) silage were experimentally explored. The experimental groups were a control group (C), an LB-TSy treatment (LB), an LR-BDy treatment (LR), and an LR-BDy + LB-TSy hybrid group (LR × LB). After the LAB were added, the pH value of paper mulberry silage significantly declined (p < 0.05), and the crude protein content was effectively preserved (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found in the levels of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude ash (p > 0.05). The lactic acid content in paper mulberry silage was evidently increased (p < 0.05). The in vitro gas production in the LR at 36, 48, and 72 h were markedly higher than that in the other treatments (p < 0.05). Owing to the addition of LAB, the microbial diversity in paper mulberry silage was reduced, while the relative bacterial abundance of Lactobacillus was enhanced. Hence, the addition of LAB selected from the warm and humid region in Southwest China can improve the quality of paper mulberry silage and elevate its feeding value in this region.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jung S, Lee MS, Chang E, Kim CT, Kim Y. Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) Fruit Extract Ameliorates Inflammation via Regulating MicroRNA-21/132/143 Expression and Increases the Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Content and AMPK/SIRT Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091453. [PMID: 34573085 PMCID: PMC8468054 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds; most of these are anthocyanins. Obesity is intimately related to low-grade inflammation, with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue (WAT). This study investigated whether mulberry fruit extract (ME) has beneficial effects on obesity-induced inflammation and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + 5 g/kg of ME (ME-L), or HFD + 10 g/kg of ME (ME-H) for 14 weeks. ME alleviated dyslipidemia and lipid accumulation, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine production such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) in the WAT. ME mitigated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) phosphorylation and macrophage infiltration in WAT. Notably, microRNA (miR)-21, miR-132, and miR-43 expressions were downregulated in the WAT of the ME groups compared to the HFD group. Moreover, ME increased the mitochondrial size and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, as well as key genes’ expression related to mitochondrial function, including sirtuin (SIRT)1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1β (CPT-1β), and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/SIRT activities in skeletal muscle. These results suggested that ME might alleviate obesity-induced inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating miR-21, miR-132, and miR-43 expression in WAT, and by activating the PGC-1α/SIRT1 pathway in muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoon Jung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (S.J.); (M.-S.L.)
| | - Mak-Soon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (S.J.); (M.-S.L.)
| | - Eugene Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea;
| | - Chong-Tai Kim
- R&D Center, EastHill Corporation, Suwon 16642, Korea;
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (S.J.); (M.-S.L.)
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-3101; Fax: +82-2-3277-4425
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang F, Liu Z, He X, Li Z, Shi B, Cai F. β-Sitosterol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats: involvement of NF-кB and HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1329-1341. [PMID: 32945205 PMCID: PMC7534215 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1818883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune disease that is categorized via chronic
inflammation manifestation, obesity, cardiovascular risk and even enhanced the mortality
and affect the 0.3 and 1% of population worldwide. The current experimental study was
scrutinize the anti-arthritic effect of β-sitosterol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN) against complete Fruend adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis via dual pathway. Double
emulsion solvent displacement method was used for the preparation of β-sitosterol solid
lipid nanoparticles (SLN). CFA was used to induce arthritis and rats were divided into
different groups for 28 days. Biochemical, anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory cytokines
and inflammatory mediator were estimated, respectively. Receptor activator of nuclear
factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3)
nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme Oxygenase-1(HO-1) and
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were estimated. β-sitosterol-SLN significantly
(p < .001) reduced the paw edema, arthritic index and
increased the body weight. β-sitosterol-SLN increased the redox status of synovium {reduce
the malonaldehyde (MDA) and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and
catalase (CAT)} level and reduced the cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),
interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-16, interleukin-17 and
increased level of interleukin-10, Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).
β-sitosterol-SLN significantly (p < .001) reduced the
level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), vascular
Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and NF-κB. β-sitosterol-SLN significantly increased the
expression of HO-1,Nrf2 and decreased the expression of NF-κB, RANKL, STAT3. In
conclusion, β-sitosterol SLN showed the antiarthritic effect via suppression of NF-kB and
activation of HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanqi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengmei Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effects of Different Parts on the Chemical Composition, Silage Fermentation Profile, In Vitro and In Situ Digestibility of Paper Mulberry. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020413. [PMID: 33562856 PMCID: PMC7914576 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, PM) is a potential roughage source widely distributed in Asia, but the chemical composition, silage fermentation, and digestibility are not fully understood. Here, we compared the chemical composition, silage fermentation, and digestibility of leaf, stem, and whole plant of PM to evaluate its feeding value. The result showed that the leaf had lower fiber content and higher protein content than the stem and whole plant. Meanwhile, the stem silage had the lowest pH value and lactate content, while those in the leaf were the highest. The in vitro and in situ digestibility showed the leaf was more digestible. Our study gives the reference of different parts of PM to be used as a feedstuff. Abstract Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, PM) is high protein but unutilized as a feed source. The study explores the different parts (leaf, stem, and whole plant) of PM chemical composition, silage fermentation, and in vitro and in situ digestibility, aiming to give some guidelines to PM usage as feed. The result showed that the leaf had a higher fresh weight than the stem (p < 0.05). The dry matter contents of the three groups had no differences. The highest crude protein, ether extract, water-soluble carbohydrate, ash, calcium, phosphorus, amino acid contents, and butter capacity were observed in the leaf (p < 0.05). The stem had the highest (p < 0.05) neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin contents. After ensiling, the stem silage had the lowest pH value, ammonia nitrate (NH3-N), lactate, acetate, and propionate (p < 0.05). The leaf silage had the highest pH value (p < 0.05). The lactate, acetate, and propionate in the leaf and whole plant silage had no difference. The butyrate was not detected in all silage. The in vitro and in situ digestibility experiments showed the leaf had the highest digestibility (p < 0.05), which could produce more volatile fatty acids and have a higher effective digestibility. These results allow a greater understanding of PM to be used as a feedstuff.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tam DNH, Nam NH, Elhady MT, Tran L, Hassan OG, Sadik M, Tien PTM, Elshafei GA, Huy NT. Effects of Mulberry on The Central Nervous System: A Literature Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:193-219. [PMID: 32379591 PMCID: PMC8033976 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200507081531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mulberry, including several species belonging to genus Morus, has been widely used as a traditional medicine for a long time. Extracts and active components of mulberry have many positive neurological and biological effects and can become potential candidates in the search for new drugs for neurological disorders. Objectives We aimed to systematically review the medical literature for evidence of mulberry effects on the central nervous system. Methods We conducted a systematic search in nine databases. We included all in vivo studies investigating the effect of mulberry on the central nervous system with no restrictions. Results We finally included 47 articles for quality synthesis. Our findings showed that mulberry and its components possessed an antioxidant effect, showed a reduction in the cerebral infarct volume after stroke. They also improved the cognitive function, learning process, and reduced memory impairment in many animal models. M. alba and its extracts ameliorated Parkinson's disease-like behaviors, limited the complications of diabetes mellitus on the central nervous system, possessed anti-convulsant, anti-depressive, and anxiolytic effects. Conclusion Mulberry species proved beneficial to many neurological functions in animal models. The active ingredients of each species, especially M. alba, should be deeper studied for screening potential candidates for future treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Department of General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Linh Tran
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Mohamed Sadik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Milk Production, Apparent Digestibility, Antioxidant Capacity, and Fecal Bacteria Composition in Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071152. [PMID: 32645955 PMCID: PMC7401539 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera; PM) is a type of roughage rich in bioactive substances, such as phenolics and flavonoids, which are beneficial for animal health. This study evaluated the apparent digestibility of PM silage in Holstein dairy cows and its effect on the milk production, antioxidant capacity, and fecal bacteria composition of the animals. The results showed that the PM silage had no significant influence on the milk yield, apparent digestibility, and fecal bacteria composition of dairy cows. However, diets with PM silage can enhance the antioxidant and immune capacity of dairy cows, mainly due to the bioactive substance in PM. Today, faced with a shortage of feedstuff resources in ruminants, PM can be a useful feed resource for ruminants. Simultaneously, with the ban on antibiotics, PM may become an important functional feed for protecting animal health. Abstract Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera; PM) is an excellent and extensive type of roughage in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PM silage on the milk production, apparent digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and fecal bacteria composition in Holstein dairy cows. Forty-five lactating Holstein dairy cows with a similar milk yield and parity were selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The control group was fed a non-PM silage diet, and the PM-treated groups were fed 4.5 and 9.0% PM silage supplementary diets for 28 days. Then, treatment groups were fed diets containing 13.5 and 18.0% PM silage for the next 28 days, respectively. PM silage increased the milk urea nitrogen and decreased the somatic cell count (p < 0.05), but did not affect the dry matter intake, milk yield, apparent digestibility, and energy balance of dairy cows. PM silage can enhance the blood total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and immune globulin content (p < 0.05). The PM silage significantly decreased the relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Tyzzerella-4 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PM silage enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cows, but did not influence the milk yield, dry matter digestibility, and fecal bacteria composition.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yilmaz E. Effects of dietary anthocyanin on innate immune parameters, gene expression responses, and ammonia resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:694-701. [PMID: 31421240 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary anthocyanin on the growth performance, haematological, non-specific immune, and spleen gene expression responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five experimental groups of fish with mean weights of 8.24 ± 0.64 g were used in the study; four of these were fed with diets incorporating anthocyanin (20 mg kg -1, 40 mg kg-1, 80 mg kg-1 and 160 mg kg-1), while the fifth was a control group without dietary anthocyanin. Growth performance and haematological parameters of tilapia were not affected by anthocyanin-supplemented diets (p > 0.05). Dietary anthocyanin significantly increased respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, lysozyme activity, myeloperoxidase activity, serum total superoxide dismutase (T.SOD) activity, and serum catalase (CAT) activity (p < 0.05). The total immunoglobulin level was highest in the 80 mg kg-1 group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, with the anthocyanin-containing diets, the gene levels of interleukin 1, beta (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were increased in the fish spleen, and the gene levels of CAT, GPx, and SOD were also increased in fish liver (p < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the fish were subjected to ammonia stress. The groups fed with 20 and 40 mg kg-1 anthocyanin exhibited higher survival rates than the other groups. In summary, feeding Nile tilapia with anthocyanin-containing diets caused increases in the innate immune parameters, gene expression responses, and the survival rate of the fish subjected to ammonia stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Yilmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Hatabu T. Mulberry juice freeze-dried powder attenuates the disease severity by the maintaining of colon mucosa in mice with DSS-induced acute colitis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:914-922. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1580135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the microbial compositions and gene expression related to inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis and the effect of mulberry supplementation. Male BALB/c mice received a diet supplemented with mulberry juice freeze-dried powder (MFP) or not for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the mice received water containing 5% (w/v) DSS or not for 1 week. The disease activity index score in mice fed MFP was significantly decreased. A significant decrease in Bifidobacterium spp. and the Clostridium perfringens subgroup was observed in mice not fed MFP. The number of goblet cell and NLRP6 expression were observed in mice fed a diet supplemented with MFP compared with mice not fed MFP. These results may indicate that mulberry mitigates DSS-induced acute colitis by a changing the gut microbial flora and by improving mucosal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He Y, Yang J, Huang S, Liu R, Liu H, Zheng D, Huang Q, Yang Y, Liu C. Protective effect of mulberry crude extract against nonylphenol-induced thyroid disruption by inhibiting the activity of deiodinase in rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 270:90-95. [PMID: 30339805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that can lead to thyroid disruption. We explored NP-induced toxicity in the rat thyroid and evaluated the mitigating effects of mulberry crude extract (MCE) on NP toxicity. First, we aimed to evaluate NP-induced thyroid disruption by dosing Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with NP (0, 30, 90, or 270 mg/kg body weight) daily for 28 days. Second, we aimed to determine whether MCE had a detoxifying effect on NP-induced thyroid disruption by dosing SD rats with NP (270 mg/kg body weight) or/and MCE (30, 60, or 120 mg/kg body weight) daily for 28 days. We found that NP significantly inhibited free triiodothyronin (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) activity in rat serum (P < 0.05), but MCE intervention significantly increased FT3 and FT4 serum levels (P < 0.05). It is possible that changes in hormonal composition might trigger the TRH-TSH-TH automatic feedback loop. The activity of the three iodothyronine deiodinases increased significantly after NP-dosing (P < 0.05), but only deiodinase3 (D3) was downregulated after MCE treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, MCE might be an effective NP-detoxification agent against thyroid disruption because it regulates D3 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian He
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Shaowen Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Ruijing Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Qingyi Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China
| | - Yichao Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, GZ, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment to Post-harvested Product Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bao Y, Li H, Li QY, Li Y, Li F, Zhang CF, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Therapeutic effects of Smilax glabra and Bolbostemma paniculatum on rheumatoid arthritis using a rat paw edema model. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:309-315. [PMID: 30227323 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb. (Tufuling) and Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet (Tubeimu) are used as couplet medicine in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of arthritis. This study is conducted to provide evidence on their therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to explore its possible mechanisms of action. The identification and quantification of representative components (Astilbin and Tubeimoside I) in the n-butyl alcohol fraction of this couplet medicine (BFCM) were carried out by HPLC-UV assays. The contents of Astilbin and Tubeimoside I in BFCM were 13.13% (15.434 min) and 3.4% (18.619 min) respectively. For the assessment of anti-RA and anti-inflammatory activities, a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats was used. The swelling rates of paws and levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the swelling tissue were determined. We observed that the BFCM exhibited significant inhibitory activity on carrageenan-induced paw edema model (p<0.01). The down regulated levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (all p<0.05) were reported. The results indicate that BFCM possesses significant anti-RA and anti-inflammatory effects, and it has a potential to be developed as a new therapeutic agent against RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarigui Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Yan Li
- Health Food and Cosmetics Laboratory, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang H, Ma ZF, Luo X, Li X. Effects of Mulberry Fruit ( Morus alba L.) Consumption on Health Outcomes: A Mini-Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E69. [PMID: 29883416 PMCID: PMC5981255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) belongs to the Moraceae family and is widely planted in Asia. Mulberry fruits are generally consumed as fresh fruits, jams and juices. They contain considerable amounts of biologically active ingredients that might be associated with some potential pharmacological activities that are beneficial for health. Therefore, they have been traditionally used in traditional medicine. Studies have reported that the presence of bioactive components in mulberry fruits, including alkaloids and flavonoid, are associated with bioactivities such as antioxidant. One of the most important compounds in mulberry fruits is anthocyanins which are water-soluble bioactive ingredients of the polyphenol class. Studies have shown that mulberry fruits possess several potential pharmacological health benefits including anti-cholesterol, anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects which might be associated with the presence of some of these bioactive compounds. However, human intervention studies on the pharmacological activities of mulberry fruits are limited. Therefore, future studies should explore the effect of mulberry fruit consumption on human health and elucidate the detailed compounds. This paper provides an overview of the pharmacological activities of mulberry fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 15200, Malaysia.
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moslemizadeh A, Samadzadeh Hafshejani K, Shahbazi K, Zaravi Dezfuli M, Zendehboudi S. A biosurfactant for inhibiting clay hydration in aqueous solutions: Applications to petroleum industry. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aghil Moslemizadeh
- Department of Petroleum EngineeringPetroleum University of TechnologyAhwazIran
| | | | - Khalil Shahbazi
- Department of Petroleum EngineeringPetroleum University of TechnologyAhwazIran
| | | | - Sohrab Zendehboudi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNLCanada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khalifa I, Zhu W, Li KK, Li CM. Polyphenols of mulberry fruits as multifaceted compounds: Compositions, metabolism, health benefits, and stability—A structural review. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
18
|
Li Q, Chen Z, Yu Y, Zou Y, Liao S, Hu T. Sugar degradation process of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit was developed with microbial biotransformation. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Tenggen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute; Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food; Ministry of Agriculture; Guangzhou 510610 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Guangzhou 510610 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Choi KH, Lee HA, Park MH, Han JS. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit Extract Containing Anthocyanins Improves Glycemic Control and Insulin Sensitivity via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Diabetic C57BL/Ksj-db/db Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:737-45. [PMID: 27441957 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit extract (MFE) on hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in an animal model of type 2 diabetes was evaluated. C57BL/Ksj-diabetic db/db mice were divided into three groups: diabetic control, rosiglitazone, and MFE groups. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and intraperitoneal glucose were measured, and an insulin tolerance test was performed after MFE supplementation in db/db mice. In addition, the protein levels of various targets of insulin signaling were measured by western blotting. The blood levels of glucose and HbA1c were significantly lower in the MFE-supplemented group than in the diabetic control group. Moreover, glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed that MFE treatment increased insulin sensitivity. The homeostatic index of insulin resistance significantly decreased in the MFE-supplemented group relative to the diabetic control group. MFE supplementation significantly stimulated the levels of phosphorylated (p)-AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and p-Akt substrate of 160 kDa (pAS160) and enhanced the level of plasma membrane-glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscles. Further, dietary MFE significantly increased pAMPK and decreased the levels of glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver. MFE may improve hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity via activation of AMPK and AS160 in skeletal muscles and inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ha Choi
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University , Busan, Korea.,2 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- 2 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Park
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University , Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Han
- 2 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moslemizadeh A, Dehkordi AF, Barnaji MJ, Naseri M, Ravi SG, Jahromi EK. Novel bio-based surfactant for chemical enhanced oil recovery in montmorillonite rich reservoirs: Adsorption behavior, interaction impact, and oil recovery studies. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Turgut NH, Mert DG, Kara H, Egilmez HR, Arslanbas E, Tepe B, Gungor H, Yilmaz N, Tuncel NB. Effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract treatment on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress status of D-galactose-induced aging mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:1052-64. [PMID: 26510817 PMCID: PMC11132963 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) has various uses in traditional medicine. However, the effect of M. nigra on cognitive impairment has not been investigated yet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the phenolic acid content and DNA damage protection potential of M. nigra leaf extract and to investigate the extract effect on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in aging mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phenolic acid content was determined by quantitative chromatographic analysis. DNA damage protection potential was evaluated on pBR322 plasmid DNA. Thirty-two Balb-C mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, d-galactose, d-galactose + M. nigra 50, and d-galactose + M. nigra 100). Mice were administered d-galactose (100 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and M. nigra (50 or 100 mg/kg, orally) daily for 8 weeks. Behavioral responses were evaluated with Morris water maze. Activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed in serum, brain, and liver. RESULTS In extract, vanillic (632.093 μg/g) and chlorogenic acids (555.0 μg/g) were determined. The extract between 0.02 and 0.05 mg/mL effectively protected all DNA bands against the hazardous effect of UV and H2O2. Morus nigra significantly improved learning dysfunctions (p < 0.01), increased memory retention (p < 0.01), reduced MDA levels (p < 0.05), and elevated SOD, GPx, and CAT activities (p < 0.05) compared with the d-galactose group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results show that M. nigra has the potential in improving cognitive deficits in mice and that M. nigra may be useful to suppress aging, partially due to its scavenging activity of free radicals and high antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Hacer Turgut
- Department of Pharmacology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Derya Guliz Mert
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Haki Kara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Emre Arslanbas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Bektas Tepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kilis University Faculty of Science and Literature, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Gungor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nese Yilmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale 18 Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Necati Baris Tuncel
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale 18 Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li L, Wang L, Wu Z, Yao L, Wu Y, Huang L, Liu K, Zhou X, Gou D. Anthocyanin-rich fractions from red raspberries attenuate inflammation in both RAW264.7 macrophages and a mouse model of colitis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6234. [PMID: 25167935 PMCID: PMC4148654 DOI: 10.1038/srep06234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible berries have a broad spectrum of biomedical functions, including improving immune responses and reducing risk for chronic diseases. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activities of crude extracts (CEs), anthocyanin-rich fractions (ARFs), and des-anthocyanin fractions (DAFs) from seven berries were evaluated based on their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/IFN-γ-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. ARFs from red raspberries (RR-ARFs) exhibited the highest efficiency in suppressing NO synthesis. The anti-inflammatory properties were also demonstrated by reducing the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the activities of NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways were significantly suppressed by RR-ARFs. Further studies showed that RR-ARFs decreased the phosphorylation of IKK, IκBα, p65 and JNK and the nuclear translocation of p65 in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In a mouse colitis model, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced weight loss and histological damage were significantly ameliorated by RR-ARFs treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that RR-ARFs attenuate inflammation both in vitro and in vivo primarily by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. The anti-inflammatory of RR-ARFs could be harnessed and applied in animal agriculture, drug and food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- 1] College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China [2]
| | - Liyan Wang
- 1] College of Life Sciences, Department of Marine Science and Bio-Pharm, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen 518060, China [2]
| | - Zhiqin Wu
- 1] College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China [2]
| | - Lijun Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yonghou Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lian Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen key laboratory of synthetic biology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Marine Science and Bio-Pharm, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Deming Gou
- 1] College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China [2] College of Life Sciences, Department of Marine Science and Bio-Pharm, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Na HN, Park S, Jeon HJ, Kim HB, Nam JH. Reduction of adenovirus 36-induced obesity and inflammation by mulberry extract. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 58:303-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Na
- Department of Biotechnology; Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon 420-743
| | - Sooho Park
- Department of Biotechnology; Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon 420-743
| | - Hyun-Jung Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology; Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon 420-743
| | - Hyun-Bok Kim
- Rural Development Administration; Suwon 441-707 Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology; Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon 420-743
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lim HH, Yang SJ, Kim Y, Lee M, Lim Y. Combined treatment of mulberry leaf and fruit extract ameliorates obesity-related inflammation and oxidative stress in high fat diet-induced obese mice. J Med Food 2014; 16:673-80. [PMID: 23957352 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combined treatment of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and mulberry fruit extract (MFE) was effective for improving obesity and obesity-related inflammation and oxidative stress in high fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice. After obesity was induced by HF diet for 9 weeks, the mice were divided into eight groups: (1) lean control, (2) HF diet-induced obese control, (3) 1:1 ratio of MLE and MFE at doses of 200 (L1:1), (4) 500 (M1:1), and (5) 1000 (H1:1) mg/kg per day, and (6) 2:1 ratio of MLE and MFE at doses of 200 (L2:1), (7) 500 (M2:1), and (8) 1000 (H2:1) mg/kg per day. All six combined treatments significantly lowered body weight gain, plasma triglycerides, and lipid peroxidation levels after the 12-week treatment period. Additionally, all combined treatments suppressed hepatic fat accumulation and reduced epididymal adipocyte size. These improvements were accompanied by decreases in protein levels of proinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, interleukin-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor alpha) and oxidative stress markers (heme oxygenase-1 and manganese superoxide dismutase). M2:1 was the most effective ratio and dose for the improvements in obesity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that a combined MLE and MFE treatment ameliorated obesity and obesity-related metabolic stressors and suggest that it can be used as a means to prevent and/or treat obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwa Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Teng H, Lee WY. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) using response surface methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-3262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
26
|
Hsu PW, Shia CS, Lin SP, Chao PDL, Juang SH, Hou YC. Potential risk of mulberry-drug interaction: modulation on P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4464-4469. [PMID: 23590720 DOI: 10.1021/jf3052384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry is a fruit containing polyphenol antioxidants. Cyclosporine (CSP), a potent immunosuppressant with a narrow therapeutic range, is widely used in transplant patients. This study investigated the effect of co-administration of mulberry on the bioavailability of CSP, a probe drug of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4), in rats and relevant mechanisms. CSP (2.5 mg/kg) was orally administered with and without a single dose or the seventh dose of mulberry (2 g/kg) to rats. The results showed that a single dose of mulberry significantly decreased the area under the curve of concentration (AUC(0-540)) and the maximum blood concentration (Cmax) of CSP by 53.2 and 65.8%, respectively. Repeated dosing of mulberry significantly decreased the AUC(0-540) and Cmax of CSP by 23.7 and 39.7%, respectively. Mechanism studies indicated that mulberry significantly increased the activities of P-gp and CYP 3A. In conclusion, mulberry significantly reduced the bioavailability of CSP through activating the functions of P-gp and CYP 3A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Huang HP, Ou TT, Wang CJ. Mulberry ( sang shèn zǐ) and its bioactive compounds, the chemoprevention effects and molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. J Tradit Complement Med 2013; 3:7-15. [PMID: 24716151 PMCID: PMC3924983 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry ( sāng shèn zǐ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Taiwan, has many bioactive substances, including polyphenol and anthocyanins compounds. Over the past decade, many scientific and medical studies have examined mulberry fruit for its antioxidation and antiinflammation effects both in vitro and in vivo. This review thus focuses on the recent advances of mulberry extracts (MEs) and their applications in the prevention and treatment of human cancer, liver disease, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The ME modulates several apoptotic pathways and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to block cancer progression. Mulberry can increase detoxicated and antioxidant enzyme activities and regulate the lipid metabolism to treat hepatic disease resulting from alcohol consumption, high fat diet, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and CCl4 exposure. Of the various compounds in ME, cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) is the most abundant, and the active compound studied in mulberry research. Herein, the antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions of C3G to improve diabetes and cardiovascular disease are also discussed. These studies provide strong evidence ME may possess the bioactivity to affect the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Pei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
- Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Tsz Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
- Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Butkhup L, Samappito W, Samappito S. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of white mulberry (Morus albaL.) fruits. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luchai Butkhup
- Department of Biotechnology; Faculty of Technology; Mahasarakham University; Mahasarakham; 44000; Thailand
| | - Wannee Samappito
- Department of Food Technology; Faculty of Technology; Mahasarakham University; Mahasarakham; 44000; Thailand
| | - Supachai Samappito
- Department of Biotechnology; Faculty of Technology; Mahasarakham University; Mahasarakham; 44000; Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Koppula S, Kumar H, More SV, Lim HW, Hong SM, Choi DK. Recent updates in redox regulation and free radical scavenging effects by herbal products in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Molecules 2012; 17:11391-420. [PMID: 23014498 PMCID: PMC6268813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial disease marked by extensive neuropathology in the brain with selective yet prominent and progressive loss of mid-brain dopaminergic neurons. The etiological factors involved in the development of PD are still elusive, but oxidative stress arising when reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceed amounts required for normal redox signaling is considered one of the major factors. ROS cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA and are one of the most prominent factors related to neurodegeneration. Pre-clinical and clinical studies clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, regulation of redox signaling and inhibiting excess ROS would contribute greatly not only to extend longevity but also to ameliorate the progression of dopaminergic cell death seen in patients with PD. Several herbal products are beneficial for maintaining nerve cell function and for treating various neurodegenerative disorders by reducing oxidative stress. Here, we summarize the recent knowledge concerning promising herbs that have shown significant beneficial effects based on regulation of redox status and ROS inhibition in toxin-induced PD models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Koppula
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mulberry Fruit Extract Protects against Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Damage in Animal Model of Vascular Dementia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:263520. [PMID: 22952555 PMCID: PMC3431068 DOI: 10.1155/2012/263520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the preventive strategy of vascular dementia, one of the challenge problems of elderly, has received attention due to the limitation of therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective effect and possible mechanism of action of mulberry fruit extract on memory impairment and brain damage in animal model of vascular dementia. Male Wistar rats, weighing 300-350 g, were orally given mulberry extract at doses of 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg at a period of 7 days before and 21 days after the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO). It was found that rats subjected to mulberry fruits plus Rt.MCAO showed the enhanced memory, the increased densities of neuron, cholinergic neuron, Bcl-2-immunopositive neuron together with the decreased oxidative stress in hippocampus. Taken all data together, the cognitive enhancing effect of mulberry fruit extract observed in this study might be partly associated with the increased cholinergic function and its neuroprotective effect in turn occurs partly via the decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, mulberry fruit is the potential natural cognitive enhancer and neuroprotectant. However, further researches are essential to elucidate the possible active ingredient.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ke Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Fan Z, Chen G, Xu M, Bower KA, Frank JA, Ou X, Shi X, Luo J. Cyanidin-3-glucoside ameliorates ethanol neurotoxicity in the developing brain. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1676-84. [PMID: 21671257 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol exposure induces neurodegeneration in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are caused by ethanol exposure during pregnancy and are the most common nonhereditary cause of mental retardation. It is important to identify agents that provide neuroprotection against ethanol neurotoxicity. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed for ethanol-induced neurodegeneration, and oxidative stress is one of the most important mechanisms. Recent evidence indicates that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a potential mediator of ethanol-mediated neuronal death. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a member of the anthocyanin family, is a potent natural antioxidant. Our previous study suggested that C3G inhibited GSK3β activity in neurons. Using a third trimester equivalent mouse model of ethanol exposure, we tested the hypothesis that C3G can ameliorate ethanol-induced neuronal death in the developing brain. Intraperitoneal injection of C3G reduced ethanol-meditated caspase-3 activation, neurodegeneration, and microglial activation in the cerebral cortex of 7-day-old mice. C3G blocked ethanol-mediated GSK3β activation by inducing phosphorylation at serine 9 while reducing the phosphorylation at tyrosine 216. C3G also inhibited ethanol-stimulated expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) and p47phox, indicating that C3G alleviated ethanol-induced oxidative stress. These results provide important insight into the therapeutic potential of C3G.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zunji Ke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Jeong JC, Jang SW, Kim TH, Kwon CH, Kim YK. Mulberry Fruit (Moris fructus) Extracts Induce Human Glioma Cell Death In Vitro Through ROS-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway and Inhibits Glioma Tumor Growth In Vivo. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:402-12. [DOI: 10.1080/01635580903441287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
35
|
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to the striatum (ST), and involves oxidative stress. Mulberry fruit from Morus alba L. (Moraceae) is commonly eaten, and has long been used in traditional oriental medicine. It contains well-known antioxidant agents such as anthocyanins. The present study examined the protective effects of 70 % ethanol extract of mulberry fruit (ME) against neurotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo PD models. In SH-SY5Y cells stressed with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), ME significantly protected the cells from neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Other assays demonstrated that the protective effect of ME was mediated by its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, regulating reactive oxygen species and NO generation, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and caspase-3 activation. In mesencephalic primary cells stressed with 6-OHDA or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), pre-treatment with ME also protected dopamine neurons, showing a wide range of effective concentrations in MPP+-induced toxicity. In the sub-acute mouse PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), ME showed a preventative effect against PD-like symptoms (bradykinesia) in the behavioural test and prevented MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage in an immunocytochemical analysis of the SNpc and ST. These results indicate that ME has neuroprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo PD models, and that it may be useful in preventing or treating PD.
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen G, Luo J. Anthocyanins: are they beneficial in treating ethanol neurotoxicity? Neurotox Res 2010; 17:91-101. [PMID: 19590929 PMCID: PMC4992359 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-009-9083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heavy alcohol exposure produces profound damage to the developing central nervous system (CNS) as well as the adult brain. Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) have a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and neurological impairments. FASD currently represents the leading cause of mental retardation. Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) and neurodegeneration in the adult brain. Although the cellular/molecular mechanism underlying ethanol's neurotoxicity has not been fully understood, it is generally believed that oxidative stress plays an important role. Identification of neuroprotective agents that can ameliorate ethanol neurotoxicity is an important step for developing preventive/therapeutic strategies. Targeting ethanol-induced oxidative stress using natural antioxidants is an attractive approach. Anthocyanins, a large subgroup of flavonoids present in many vegetables and fruits, are safe and potent antioxidants. They exhibit diverse potential health benefits including cardioprotection, anti-atherosclerotic activity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammation properties. Anthocyanins can cross the blood-brain barrier and distribute in the CNS. Recent studies indicate that anthocyanins represent novel neuroprotective agents and may be beneficial in ameliorating ethanol neurotoxicity. In this review, we discuss the evidence and potential of anthocyanins in alleviating ethanol-induced damage to the CNS. Furthermore, we discuss possible underlying mechanisms as well as future research approaches necessary to establish the therapeutic role of anthocyanins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 124C Combs Research Building, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 124C Combs Research Building, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shim JU, Oh PS, Lim KT. Anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract from Geranium sibiricum Linne. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:90-95. [PMID: 19683044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geranium sibiricum (Geraniaceae) Linne (GSL) is used to heal various disorders of the diarrhea and the intestinal inflammation as an herbal agent in East Asia. AIMS OF THE STUDY The purpose of the present study is to determine whether the ethanol (EtOH) extract of GSL regulates the inflammatory reaction stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI) in human mast cells (HMC-1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blot was used for activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), transcription factors, induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 proteins. EMSA was for DNA binding activity. RT-PCR was used for gene expression. RESULTS EtOH extract of GSL (EGS) inhibits the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), one of a MAPK, nuclear transcription factors involving nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and Activator protein (AP)-1, COX-2 and iNOS. The results indicated that EGS decreased gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta and COX-2 in PMACI stimulated HMC-1 cells. CONCLUSION Hence, we speculate that EGS can use as a potent anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Uoong Shim
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute & Center for the Control of Animal Hazards Using Biotechnology (BK21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju City, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|