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Ren H, Mao K, Yuan X, Mu Y, Zhao S, Fan X, Zhu L, Ye Z, Lan J. AN698/40746067 suppresses bone marrow adiposity to ameliorate hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis through targeted inhibition of ENTR1. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116843. [PMID: 38810405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis is marked by increased bone marrow adiposity, and treatment with statins for hyperlipidemia often leads to new-onset osteoporosis. Endosome-associated trafficking regulator 1 (ENTR1) has been found to interact with different proteins in pathophysiology, but its exact role in adipogenesis is not yet understood. This research aimed to explore the role of ENTR1 in adipogenesis and to discover a new small molecule that targets ENTR1 for evaluating its effectiveness in treating hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis. We found that ENTR1 expression increased during the adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs). ENTR1 gain- and loss-of-function assays significantly enhanced lipid droplets formation. Mechanistically, ENTR1 binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and enhances its expression, thereby elevating adipogenic markers including C/EBPα and LDLR. Therapeutically, AN698/40746067 attenuated adipogenesis by targeting ENTR1 to suppress PPARγ. In vivo, AN698/40746067 reduced bone marrow adiposity and bone loss, as well as prevented lipogenesis-related obesity, inflammation, steatohepatitis, and abnormal serum lipid levels during hyperlipidemia. Together, these findings suggest that ENTR1 facilitates adipogenesis by PPARγ involved in BMSCs' differentiation, and targeted inhibition of ENTR1 by AN698/40746067 may offer a promising therapy for addressing lipogenesis-related challenges and alleviating osteoporosis following hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuqing Mu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuaiqi Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 261053 China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, China.
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Tomczyk-Warunek A, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Blicharski T, Blicharski R, Kowal F, Pano IT, Tomaszewska E, Muszyński S. Consumption of Phytoestrogens Affects Bone Health by Regulating Estrogen Metabolism. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00330-4. [PMID: 38825042 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a significant concern in bone health, and understanding its pathomechanism is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This article delves into the relationship between estrogen metabolism and bone mineralization, shedding light on how phytoestrogens can influence this intricate process. Estrogen, a hormone primarily associated with reproductive health, plays a pivotal role in maintaining bone density and structure. The article explores the positive effects of estrogen on bone mineralization, highlighting its importance in preventing conditions like osteoporosis. Phytoestrogens, naturally occurring compounds found in certain plant-based foods, are the focal point of the discussion. These compounds have the remarkable ability to mimic estrogen's actions in the body. The article investigates how phytoestrogens can modulate the activity of estrogen, thereby impacting bone health. Furthermore, the article explores the direct effects of phytoestrogens on bone mineralization and structure. By regulating estrogen metabolism, phytoestrogens can contribute to enhanced bone density and reduced risk of osteoporosis. Finally, the article emphasizes the role of plant-based diets as a source of phytoestrogens. By incorporating foods rich in phytoestrogens into one's diet, individuals may potentially bolster their bone health, adding a valuable dimension to the ongoing discourse on osteoporosis prevention. In conclusion, this article offers a comprehensive overview of 137 positions of literature on the intricate interplay between phytoestrogens, estrogen metabolism, and bone health, shedding light on their potential significance in preventing osteoporosis and promoting overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Laboratory of Locomotor Systems Research, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Orthopedy and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rudolf Blicharski
- Department of Orthopedy and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Filip Kowal
- Department of Orthopedy and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Inés Torné Pano
- Department of Orthopedy and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Deng TT, Ding WY, Lu XX, Zhang QH, Du JX, Wang LJ, Yang MN, Yin Y, Liu FJ. Pharmacological and mechanistic aspects of quercetin in osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1338951. [PMID: 38333006 PMCID: PMC10851760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1338951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone disease associated with increasing age. Currently, the most common medications used to treat OP are anabolic agents, anti-resorptive agents, and medications with other mechanisms of action. However, many of these medications have unfavorable adverse effects or are not intended for long-term use, potentially exerting a severe negative impact on a patient's life and career and placing a heavy burden on families and society. There is an urgent need to find new drugs that can replace these and have fewer adverse effects. Quercetin (Que) is a common flavonol in nature. Numerous studies have examined the therapeutic applications of Que. However, a comprehensive review of the anti-osteoporotic effects of Que has not yet been conducted. This review aimed to describe the recent studies on the anti-osteoporotic effects of Que, including its biological, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties. The outcomes demonstrated that Que could enhance OP by increasing osteoblast differentiation and activity and reducing osteoclast differentiation and activity via the pathways of Wnt/β-catenin, BMP/SMAD/RUNX2, OPG/RANKL/RANK, ERK/JNK, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and transcription factors. Thus, Que is a promising novel drug for the treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Yu Ding
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xi-Xue Lu
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Hao Zhang
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Xin Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mei-Na Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fan-Jie Liu
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Cao N, Shou Z, Xiao Y, Liu P. Efficacy and Possible Mechanisms of Astragali Radix and its Ingredients in Animal Models of Osteoporosis: A Preclinical Review and Metaanalysis. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:135-148. [PMID: 38213165 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501275292231220062838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragali Radix (AR) has a long history as a traditional Chinese medicine for anti-osteoporosis (OP) treatment. The aim of the study was to explore the effect and optimal regimens of AR and its main ingredients (IAR) in OP treatment. METHODS Eligible animal studies were searched in seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, SciELO Citation Index, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang). The primary outcomes were bone metabolic indices. The secondary outcome measure was the anti-OP mechanism of IAR. RESULTS 21 studies were enrolled in the study. The primary findings of the present article illustrated that IAR could significantly increase the bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume over the total volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, bone maximum load and serum calcium, while trabecular separation and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen were remarkably decreased (P < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, the BMD in the long treatment group (≥ 10 weeks) showed better effect size than the short treatment group (< 10 weeks) (P < 0.05). Modeling methods and animal sex were factors affecting serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels. CONCLUSION The findings suggest the possibility of developing IAR as a drug for the treatment of OP. IAR with longer treatment time may achieve better effects regardless of animal strain and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cao
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Zhangxuan Shou
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- HD Biosciences (A WuXi company) Pharma Tech, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Puqing Liu
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
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Bajpai AK, Gu Q, Jiao Y, Starlard-Davenport A, Gu W, Quarles LD, Xiao Z, Lu L. Systems genetics and bioinformatics analyses using ESR1-correlated genes identify potential candidates underlying female bone development. Genomics 2024; 116:110769. [PMID: 38141931 PMCID: PMC10811775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ESR1) is involved in E2 signaling and plays a major role in postmenopausal bone loss. However, the molecular network underlying ESR1 has not been explored. We used systems genetics and bioinformatics to identify important genes associated with Esr1 in postmenopausal bone loss. We identified ~2300 Esr1-coexpressed genes in female BXD bone femur, functional analysis of which revealed 'osteoblast signaling' as the most enriched pathway. PPI network led to the identification of 25 'female bone candidates'. The gene-regulatory analysis revealed RUNX2 as a key TF. ANKRD1 and RUNX2 were significantly different between osteoporosis patients and healthy controls. Sp7, Col1a1 and Pth1r correlated with multiple femur bone phenotypes in BXD mice. miR-3121-3p targeted Csf1, Ankrd1, Sp7 and Runx2. β-estradiol treatment markedly increased the expression of these candidates in mouse osteoblast. Our study revealed that Esr1-correlated genes Ankrd1, Runx2, Csf1 and Sp7 may play important roles in female bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Athena Starlard-Davenport
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Leigh Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Miedziaszczyk M, Maciejewski A, Idasiak-Piechocka I, Karczewski M, Lacka K. Effects of Isoflavonoid and Vitamin D Synergism on Bone Mineral Density-A Systematic and Critical Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5014. [PMID: 38140273 PMCID: PMC10745652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal plant compounds, which bind to α and β estrogen receptors, thereby causing specific effects. The best-known group of phytoestrogens are flavonoids, including isoflavonoids-genistein and daidzein. They play a role in the metabolism of bone tissue, improving its density and preventing bone loss, which contributes to reducing the risk of fractures. Vitamin D is found in the form of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and is traditionally recognized as a regulator of bone metabolism. The aim of this review was to evaluate the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids and vitamin D on bone mineral density (BMD). The MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched independently by two authors. The search strategy included controlled vocabulary and keywords. Reference publications did not provide consistent data regarding the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids on BMD. Some studies demonstrated a positive synergistic effect of these compounds, whereas in others, the authors did not observe any significant differences. Therefore, further research on the synergism of isoflavonoids and vitamin D may contribute to a significant progress in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Miedziaszczyk
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Adam Maciejewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ilona Idasiak-Piechocka
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Lacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
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Cao Y, Chen H, Sun Y, Fan Z, Cheng H. Quercetin inhibits fibroblasts proliferation and reduces surgery-induced epidural fibrosis via the autophagy-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9973-9986. [PMID: 35412948 PMCID: PMC9161887 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidural fibrosis (EF) is a serious complication when the patients suffer from operations of lumbar laminectomy. It is reported that quercetin plays a positive role in the prevention of various fibrotic diseases. However, the role of quercetin in the prevention of epidural fibrosis (EF) and its possible mechanism are unclear. Fibroblast proliferation is considered to be the main cause of epidural fibrosis.Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for survival, differentiation, development, and homeostasis.Although autophagy has been associated with fibrosis of different tissues, the effect of autophagy on epidural fibrosis is still unknown.The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of autophagy induced by quercetin, a polyphenol derived from plants. In vivo, the effect of quercetin on reducing epidural fibrosis was confirmed via histological staining and immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that quercetin had significant suppressive effects on epidural fibrosis following laminectomy in rats.In vitro,, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and Edu staining, TUNEL staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect the effects of quercetin on the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts and explore the possible signal transduction pathway. Results indicated that quercetin could induce autophagy and inhibit proliferation in fibroblasts. In conclusion, Quercetin could regulate fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis, migration and other biological behaviors through autophagy, thereby preventing epidural fibrosis. The specific corresponding pathway may be the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhehao Fan
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Yangzhou University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, China Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
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8
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Tu H, Ma D, Luo Y, Tang S, Li Y, Chen G, Wang L, Hou Z, Shen C, Lu H, Zhuang X, Zhang L. Quercetin alleviates chronic renal failure by targeting the PI3k/Akt pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6538-6558. [PMID: 34528858 PMCID: PMC8806539 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1973877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) threatens human health greatly and attracts worldwide concerns of health professionals in the public health sector. In our preliminary study, we found that Compound capsule (Shengqing Jiangzhuo Capsule, SQJZJN) had a significant therapeutic effect on CRF. Quercetin is one of the main components of this Compound capsule. In this study, we investigated the effect of Quercetin monomer on CRF and the regulation of PI3k/Akt pathway. Network pharmacology analysis methods were employed to analyze the SQJZJN/Quercetin/PIK3R1 network relationships. In this study, a CRF rat model was prepared using the gavage adenine solution method and detected the indicators of Creatinine (Cr), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and Uric Acid (UA). After treating the rat model with Quercetin and PIK3R1-interfering lentivirus, respectively, we observed the changes on the histological morphology of the kidney and detected apoptosis using TUNEL staining. Gene and protein expression associated with renal function were detected using qPCR, WB and immunofluorescence. Quercetin was identified as the main ingredient of SQJZJN by the network pharmacological screening and Quercetin at 1.5 and 3 g/(kg.d) concentrations could effectively alleviate the CRF symptoms, reduce the levels of Cr, BUN, and UA, and markedly inhibit cell apoptosis demonstrated by the intragastric administration. Furthermore, the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, NLRP3, caspase1, AQP1, and AQP2 in all groups was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot assays, indicating that Quercetin could reduce the expression of NLRP3, caspase1, p-PI3k, and p-Akt, and increase the expression of AQP1 and AQP2 in the renal tissues of CRF rats. Being labeled with biotin and incubated with the total protein extracted from kidney tissues, Quercetin could bind to PIK3R1. Following the PIK3R1 interference lentivirus was injected into the CRF model rats by tail vein, the CRF symptoms were effectively alleviated in the PIK3R1 interference group, consistent with the effect of Quercetin. Taken together, Quercetin, a major component of SQJZJN, might minimize renal fibrosis and apoptosis in CRF rats by inhibiting the PI3k/Akt pathway through targeting PIK3R1. By regulating AQP1 and AQP2, both water retention and toxin accumulation were reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Tu
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanhua Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuifu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengkun Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuangpeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangyou Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
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Crosstalk between obesity, diabetes, and alzheimer's disease: Introducing quercetin as an effective triple herbal medicine. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101095. [PMID: 32535272 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most common metabolic disorders, which are strongly related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in aging. Diabetes and obesity can lead to the accumulation of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and other symptoms of AD through several pathways, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, adipokines dysregulation, and vascular impairment. Currently, the use of polyphenols has been expanded in animal models and in-vitro studies because of their comparatively negligible adverse effects. Among them, quercetin (QT) is one of the most abundant polyphenolic flavonoids, which is present in fruits and vegetables and displays many biological, health-promoting effects in a wide range of diseases. The low bioavailability and poor solubility of QT have also led researchers to make various QT-involved nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome these limitations. In this paper, we review significant molecular mechanisms induced by diabetes and obesity that increase AD pathogenesis. Then, we summarize in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding the anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of QT. Finally, QT in pure and combination form using NPs has been suggested as a promising therapeutic agent for future studies.
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10
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Bone marrow fat: friend or foe in people with diabetes mellitus? Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1031-1048. [PMID: 32337536 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Global trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity put the adipocyte in the focus of huge medical interest. This review highlights a new topic in adipose tissue biology, namely the emerging pathogenic role of fat accumulation in bone marrow (BM). Specifically, we summarize current knowledge about the origin and function of BM adipose tissue (BMAT), provide evidence for the association of excess BMAT with diabetes and related cardiovascular complications, and discuss potential therapeutic approaches to correct BMAT dysfunction. There is still a significant uncertainty about the origins and function of BMAT, although several subpopulations of stromal cells have been suggested to have an adipogenic propensity. BM adipocytes are higly plastic and have a distinctive capacity to secrete adipokines that exert local and endocrine functions. BM adiposity is abundant in elderly people and has therefore been interpreted as a component of the whole-body ageing process. BM senescence and BMAT accumulation has been also reported in patients and animal models with Type 2 diabetes, being more pronounced in those with ischaemic complications. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for excess and altered function of BMAT could lead to new treatments able to preserve whole-body homeostasis.
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H. The Regulation of Marrow Fat by Vitamin D: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:405-415. [PMID: 31749086 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the available literature regarding a possible relationship between vitamin D and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), and to identify future avenues of research that warrant attention. RECENT FINDINGS Results from in vivo animal and human studies all support the hypothesis that vitamin D can suppress BMAT expansion. This is achieved by antagonizing adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells, through inhibition of PPARγ2 activity and stimulation of pro-osteogenic Wnt signalling. However, our understanding of the functions of BMAT is still evolving, and studies on the role of vitamin D in modulating BMAT function are lacking. In addition, many diseases and chronic conditions are associated with low vitamin D status and low bone mineral density (BMD), but BMAT expansion has not been studied in these patient populations. Vitamin D suppresses BMAT expansion, but its role in modulating BMAT function is poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanel Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Francie van Zijl Drive, PO Box 241, Parow, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
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12
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Buhlmann E, Horváth C, Houriet J, Kiehlmann E, Radtke J, Marcourt L, Wolfender JL, Wolfrum C, Schröder S. Puerariae lobatae root extracts and the regulation of brown fat activity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153075. [PMID: 31476558 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. The induction of brown adipocyte formation and activity represents a promising therapeutic option by increasing energy expenditure. Asian herbs have the potential to treat obesity, however, pharmacological effects should be well documented at the molecular level first. HYPOTHESIS A novel hypothesis-driven screening approach identified the root of Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep (PLR) to have potential effects on obesity by stimulating brown adipocytes. STUDY DESIGN This study explored the metabolic effects of PLR water extract (PLRE) in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model and characterized its secondary metabolite composition. METHODS Animals were orally treated daily for two weeks and the bioactivity of PLRE evaluated by measuring various parameters including body weight, circulating metabolites, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. The chemical composition of the mains components was obtained by HPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA. Based on the dereplication results and semi-quantitative estimation, pure molecules were selected for tests on adipocytes in vitro. RESULTS PLRE induces brown adipocyte activity and triggers the formation of brown-like cells in inguinal fat tissue, weight loss, and improved glucose metabolism. These effects are primarily caused by cell-autonomous activation of brown adipocytes and not by autonomic nervous system regulation. Even though the analysis of PLRE revealed puerarin as the most abundant secondary metabolite, it showed no effect on brown adipocyte formation and function. Brown adipocyte activity was induced dose-dependently by two other isoflavones, daidzein, and genistein. Daidzein is present in a very small amount in PLRE, but various glycosidic isoflavones, including puerarin, may release daidzein after metabolism. CONCLUSION This approach demonstrated the positive effects of PLRE on a diet-induced obesity mouse model and provided clues on the mode of action of PLRE at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Buhlmann
- HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Breitenfelder Straße 15, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla Horváth
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schorenstr. 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Houriet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Elke Kiehlmann
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schorenstr. 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Janine Radtke
- HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Breitenfelder Straße 15, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Schorenstr. 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schröder
- HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Breitenfelder Straße 15, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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Nehlin JO, Jafari A, Tencerova M, Kassem M. Aging and lineage allocation changes of bone marrow skeletal (stromal) stem cells. Bone 2019; 123:265-273. [PMID: 30946971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased bone mass and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Both bone forming osteoblastic cells and bone marrow adipocytes are derived from a stem cell population within the bone marrow stroma called bone marrow stromal (skeletal or mesenchymal) stem cells (BMSC). In the present review, we provide an overview, based on the current literature, regarding the physiological aging processes that cause changes in BMSC lineage allocation, enhancement of adipocyte and defective osteoblast differentiation, leading to gradual exhaustion of stem cell regenerative potential and defects in bone tissue homeostasis and metabolism. We discuss strategies to preserve the "youthful" state of BMSC, to reduce bone marrow age-associated adiposity, and to counteract the overall negative effects of aging on bone tissues with the aim of decreasing bone fragility and risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Abbas Jafari
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Chang E, Kim CY. Natural Products and Obesity: A Focus on the Regulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion during Adipogenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061157. [PMID: 30909556 PMCID: PMC6471203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a worldwide health crisis. Obesity and its associated health complications such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases impose a big social and economic burden. In an effort to identify safe, efficient, and long-term effective methods to treat obesity, various natural products with potential for inhibiting adipogenesis were revealed. This review aimed to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis and the inhibitory effects of various phytochemicals, including those from natural sources, on the early stage of adipogenesis. We discuss key steps (proliferation and cell cycle) and their regulators (cell-cycle regulator, transcription factors, and intracellular signaling pathways) at the early stage of adipocyte differentiation as the mechanisms responsible for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
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Abstract
Phytoestrogens have structures that are very similar to endogen estradiol derived from plants. Phytoestrogens sources are widespread in Asian regions including in Indonesia. Its have health benefits including reproductive health, heart health, a role in weight loss, hormone-dependent tumours, bone and skin health, and the immune system. This review aimed to provide information on phytoestrogens' effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmawati Desmawati
- Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Delmi Sulastri
- Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia
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Desmawati D, Sulastri D. Phytoestrogens and Their Health Effect. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:617-622. [PMID: 30894924 PMCID: PMC6420957 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens have structures that are very similar to endogen estradiol derived from plants. Phytoestrogens sources are widespread in Asian regions including in Indonesia. Its have health benefits including reproductive health, heart health, a role in weight loss, hormone-dependent tumours, bone and skin health, and the immune system. This review aimed to provide information on phytoestrogens' effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmawati Desmawati
- Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Delmi Sulastri
- Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia
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17
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Ambati S, Miller CN, Bass EF, Hohos NM, Hartzell DL, Kelso EW, Trunnell ER, Yang JY, Della-Fera MA, Baile CA, Rayalam S. Synergistic Phytochemicals Fail to Protect Against Ovariectomy Induced Bone Loss in Rats. J Med Food 2018; 21:1044-1052. [PMID: 29792544 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause induces a loss of bone as a result of estrogen deficiency. Despite pharmaceutical options for the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis, many aging women use dietary supplements with estrogenic activity to prevent bone loss and other menopausal-related symptoms. Such supplements are yet to be tested for efficacy against a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication for menopausal bone loss such as zoledronic acid (ZA). The postmenopausal rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of various synergistic phytochemical blends mixed into the diet for 16 weeks. Retired-breeder, Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to sham or ovariectomy surgery and 4 treatment groups: ZA; genistein supplementation; and a low dose and high dose blend of genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin. Ovariectomy resulted in a loss of both trabecular and cortical bone which was prevented with ZA. The phytochemical blends tested were unable to reverse these losses. Despite the lack of effectiveness in preventing bone loss, a significant dose-response trend was observed in the phytochemical-rich diets in bone adipocyte number compared to ovariectomized control rats. Data from this study indicate that estrogenic phytochemicals are not as efficacious as ZA in preventing menopausal-related bone loss but may have beneficial effects on bone marrow adiposity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ambati
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Colette N Miller
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA.,2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Erica F Bass
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Natalie M Hohos
- 2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Diane L Hartzell
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Emily W Kelso
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Emily R Trunnell
- 3 Neuroscience Division, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- 2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Mary Anne Della-Fera
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Clifton A Baile
- 1 Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA.,2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , USA
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GA Campus-Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine , Suwanee, Georgia , USA
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18
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Ahmed B, Liu S, Si H. Antiadipogenic Effects and Mechanisms of Combinations of Genistein, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, and/or Resveratrol in Preadipocytes. J Med Food 2016; 20:162-170. [PMID: 27976976 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds are considered an excellent alternative strategy for developing effective, safe, and cost-effective antiobesity agents. The aim of this study was to investigate if combinations of soy bean genistein (G), green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (E), and/or grape resveratrol (R) at low dosages synergistically inhibit preadipocyte differentiation both in 3T3-L1 cells and human primary preadipocytes (HPAs). Our results show that combinations of G, E, and/or R additively inhibited preadipocyte differentiation (39-56% of control) both in 3T3-L1 cells at 30 μM and HPAs at 15 μM, while the individual compounds have no antiadipogenic effect at the selected concentrations. We also observed similar patterns that combinations of G, E, and/or R additively reduced protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT binding proteins alpha (C/EBP-α), the two key preadipocyte differentiation regulators, both in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and HPAs. Moreover, combined G, E, and/or R attenuated protein expressions of fatty acid binding protein 4 and perilipin, two PPAR-γ/C/EBP-α downstream molecules in fat drop development in a very similar pattern, in inhibiting differentiation in preadipocytes. This combined antiadipogenic effect of G + E + R is additive, not synergistic according to our results and the Median-Effect Principle. In addition, we found that a lower concentration (15 μM) of G, E, and/or R is required in HPAs than the concentration (30 μM) needed in 3T3-L1 cells, to exert the combined antiadipogenic effect. These data suggest that combinations of G, E, and/or R intake or soy bean, green tea, and/or grape simultaneous consumption may prevent obesity in human being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulbul Ahmed
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Siqin Liu
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hongwei Si
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee
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Kanzaki H, Shinohara F, Kanako I, Yamaguchi Y, Fukaya S, Miyamoto Y, Wada S, Nakamura Y. Molecular regulatory mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis through cytoprotective enzymes. Redox Biol 2016; 8:186-91. [PMID: 26795736 PMCID: PMC4732015 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, take part in osteoclast differentiation as intra-cellular signaling molecules. The current assumed signaling cascade from RANK to ROS production is RANK, TRAF6, Rac1, and then Nox. The target molecules of ROS in RANKL signaling remain unclear; however, several reports support the theory that NF-κB signaling could be the crucial downstream signaling molecule of RANKL-mediated ROS signaling. Furthermore, ROS exert cytotoxic effects such as peroxidation of lipids and phospholipids and oxidative damage to proteins and DNA. Therefore, cells have several protective mechanisms against oxidative stressors that mainly induce cytoprotective enzymes and ROS scavenging. Three well-known mechanisms regulate cytoprotective enzymes including Nrf2-, FOXO-, and sirtuin-dependent mechanisms. Several reports have indicated a crosslink between FOXO- and sirtuin-dependent regulatory mechanisms. The agonists against the regulatory mechanisms are reported to induce these cytoprotective enzymes successfully. Some of them inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone destruction via attenuation of intracellular ROS signaling. In this review article, we discuss the above topics and summarize the current information available on the relationship between cytoprotective enzymes and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Tohoku University Hospital, Maxillo-Oral Disorders, Japan; Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Shinohara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Oral Microbiology, Japan
| | - Itohiya Kanako
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yamaguchi
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Sari Fukaya
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyamoto
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Japan
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Multiple Integrated Complementary Healing Approaches: Energetics & Light for bone. Med Hypotheses 2016; 86:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Miller CN, Yang JY, Avra T, Ambati S, Della-Fera MA, Rayalam S, Baile CA. A dietary phytochemical blend prevents liver damage associated with adipose tissue mobilization in ovariectomized rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:112-9. [PMID: 25451038 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopausal reduction in estrogen causes increased adipose accumulation, leading many to turn to dietary supplements to prevent and treat such changes. Enhanced adipose mobilization stimulated by some supplements can increase the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cytoprotective and anti-obesity compounds may prevent the lipotoxicity associated with mobilization. METHODS A phytochemical blend was tested in aged, ovariectomized rats. Rats were given the AIN-93M basal diet or a diet containing varying doses of phytochemicals with 2.4 IU/g vitamin D [diet 1: 1000 mg/kg genistein (G); diet 2: 500 mg/kg (G), 200 mg/kg resveratrol (R), and 1000 mg/kg quercetin (Q); diet 3: 1000 mg/kg (G), 400 mg/kg (R), and 2000 mg/kg (Q)]. RESULTS Serum free fatty acids and hepatic triglycerides were elevated with diets 2 and 3. Despite this increase, the phytochemical blends did not increase apoptotic, cell repair, or remodeling gene expression. The highest phytochemical dose prevented increases in serum alanine aminotransferase. CONCLUSIONS Adverse hepatic effects secondary to ovariectomy were mitigated through the inclusion of a dietary phytochemical blend in aged ovariectomized rats. The use of such compounds may not only help with weight management and disease risk in menopausal women, but may also prevent the lipotoxicity in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette N Miller
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Edgar L. Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Jang WS, Seo CR, Jang HH, Song NJ, Kim JK, Ahn JY, Han J, Seo WD, Lee YM, Park KW. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extracts induce osteoblast differentiation and protect against bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Food Funct 2014; 6:265-75. [PMID: 25428526 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, an age associated skeletal disease, exhibits increased adipogenesis at the expense of osteogenesis from common osteoporotic bone marrow cells. In this study, black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extracts (BRE) were identified as osteogenic inducers. BRE stimulated the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in both C3H10T1/2 and primary bone marrow cells. Similarly, BRE increased mRNA expression of ALP and osterix. Oral administration of BRE in OVX rats prevented decreases in bone density and strength. By contrast, BRE inhibited adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells and prevented increases in body weight and fat mass in high fat diet fed obese mice, further suggesting the dual effects of BRE on anti-adipogenesis and pro-osteogenesis. UPLC analysis identified cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside as main anti-adipogenic effectors but not for pro-osteogenic induction. In mechanism studies, BRE selectively stimulated Wnt-driven luciferase activities. BRE treatment also induced Wnt-specific target genes such as Axin2, WISP2, and Cyclin D1. Taken together, these data suggest that BRE is a potentially useful ingredient to protect against age related osteoporosis and diet induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Seok Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
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Resveratrol improves bone repair by modulation of bone morphogenetic proteins and osteopontin gene expression in rats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43:900-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Liu YR, Li WG, Chen LF, Xiao BK, Yang JY, Yang L, Zhang CG, Huang RQ, Dong JX. ABTS+ scavenging potency of selected flavonols from Hypericum perforatum L. by HPLC-ESI/MS QQQ: Reaction observation, adduct characterization and scavenging activity determination. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Mobasheri A, Shakibaei M. Osteogenic effects of resveratrol in vitro: potential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1290:59-66. [PMID: 23855466 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are a number of pharmacological agents for the treatment of bone mineral loss and osteoporosis. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen is an established treatment, but it has several adverse side effects and can increase the risk of cancer, heart disease, and stroke. There is increasing interest in nutritional factors and naturally occurring phytochemical compounds with the potential for preventing age-related and postmenopausal bone loss. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoestrogen with osteogenic and osteoinductive properties. It can modify the metabolism of bone cells and has the capacity to modulate bone turnover. This paper provides an overview of current research on resveratrol and its effects on bone cells in vitro, highlighting the challenges and opportunities facing this area of research, especially in the context of providing nutritional support for postmenopausal women who may not benefit from HRT and older patients with various forms of arthritis, metabolic bone disease, and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Osteoarthritis, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Acerson MJ, Fabick KM, Wong Y, Blake C, Lephart ED, Andrus MB. A new synthesis of 4'-resveratrol esters and evaluation of the potential for anti-depressant activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2941-4. [PMID: 23582778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 4'-ester analog of the disease preventative resveratrol 1 (RV), 4'-acetyl-RV 2 along with 4'-pivaloate 13 and benzoate 14 RV were synthesized. The previously developed palladium catalyzed decarbonylative Heck coupling was used to assemble the stilbene core together with 3,5-dibenzyl protected phenol intermediates that allowed for efficient coupling and deprotection using boron trifluoride etherate. Studies with Long-Evans rats were performed to establish safety, toxicity, and behavioral parameters. In addition, the Porsalt forced-swim test was used to demonstrate anti-depressant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Acerson
- Department of Chemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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