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Kocabas S, Sanlier N. The power of berries against cardiovascular diseases. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:963-977. [PMID: 37695292 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a serious threat to human health and incidence is increasing gradually. Nutrition has an important impact on the prophylaxis and progression of CVD. In this article, general attention is drawn to the possible positive effects of berries on CVD. Polyphenols have beneficial effects on the vascular system by inhibiting low-density lipoprotein oxidation and platelet aggregation, lowering blood pressure, improving endothelial dysfunction, and attenuating antioxidant defense and inflammatory responses. This review provides an overview of the effects of berries for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Berries contain several cardioprotective antioxidants, vitamins, and numerous phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, that have antioxidant properties and antiplatelet activity. Phytochemical compounds in their structures can modulate dissimilar signaling pathways related to cell survival, differentiation, and growth. Important health benefits of berries include their antioxidant roles and anti-inflammatory impacts on vascular function. The effectiveness and potential of polyphenols primarily depend on the amount of bioavailability and intake. Although circulating berry metabolites can improve vascular function, their biological activities, mechanisms of action, and in vivo interactions are still unknown. Analyzing human studies or experimental studies to evaluate the bioactivity of metabolites individually and together is essential to understanding the mechanisms by which these metabolites affect vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Kocabas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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de Oliveira MS, Pellenz FM, de Souza BM, Crispim D. Blueberry Consumption and Changes in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010019. [PMID: 36676944 PMCID: PMC9861336 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress are key mechanisms involved in obesity and related disorders. Polyphenols from blueberry (BB) and bilberries (BiB) might protect against oxidative damage and inflammation. To summarize the effects of BiB or BB consumption in parameters related to obesity and its comorbidities, a search of the literature was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library repositories to identify all studies that evaluated associations of whole BB or BiB with obesity and associated disorders. Thirty-one studies were eligible for inclusion in this review: eight clinical trials and 23 animal studies. In humans, BB consumption only consistently decreased oxidative stress and improved endothelial function. In rodents, BB or BiB consumption caused positive effects on glucose tolerance, nuclear factor-kappa B (Nf-κb) activity, oxidative stress, and triglyceride (TG) content in the liver and hepatic steatosis. The high content of anthocyanins present in BB and BiB seems to attenuate oxidative stress. The decrease in oxidative stress may have a positive impact on glucose tolerance and endothelial function. Moreover, in rodents, these berries seem to protect against hepatic steatosis, through the decreased accumulation of hepatic TGs. BB and BiB might also attenuate inflammation by decreasing Nf-κb activity and immune cell recruitment into the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Souza de Oliveira
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Marmontel de Souza
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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The Role of By-Products of Fruit and Vegetable Processing for the Dietary Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112170. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols-rich food has been utilized to induce a positive effect on human health. Considering that fruit and vegetable by-products (seeds, pomace, and peels) are sources of polyphenols, previous studies have investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with food by-products on cardiometabolic disorders, such as high fasting blood glucose, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Endothelial dysfunction has also been considered a cardiometabolic parameter, given that it precedes cardiovascular disease. However, there is a scarcity of narrative reviews reporting the effect of food by-product supplementation on cardiometabolic disorders in animal and human clinical trials. In this sense, the present narrative review aims to investigate the impact of fruit and vegetable by-product supplementation on cardiometabolic disorders in humans and animals, exploring the possible mechanisms whenever possible. Research articles were retrieved based on a search of the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the following keywords and synonyms combined: (“fruit by-products” or “food waste” or “pomace” or “bagasse” or “seeds” or “waste products”) AND (“heart disease risk factors” or “endothelial dysfunction” or “atherosclerosis”). It was shown that fruit and vegetable by-products could efficiently improve cardiometabolic disorders in patients with chronic diseases, including hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Such effects can be induced by the polyphenols present in food by-products. In conclusion, food by-product supplementation has a positive effect on cardiometabolic disorders. However, further studies investigating the effect of food by-products on cardiometabolic disorders in humans are still necessary so that solid conclusions can be drawn.
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Co-activating the AMPK signaling axis by low molecular weight fucoidan LF2 and fucoxanthin improves the HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Azari H, Morovati A, Gargari BP, Sarbakhsh P. Beneficial effects of blueberry supplementation on the components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2022; 13:4875-4900. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03715c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of interconnected disorders that puts a heavy burden on societies. This study investigated the impact of blueberry (BB) supplementation on components of MetS. A...
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Low molecular weight fucoidan fraction LF2 improves metabolic syndrome via up-regulating PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis and increasing the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:789-798. [PMID: 34743939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathological condition of a variety of metabolic abnormalities, which requires more urgent treatment and intervention. Fucoidan has been recommended as a supplement for health enhancement and disease management. Here, we first propose that the beneficial effect of low molecular weight fucoidan fraction LF2 in regulating metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet is similar to that of metformin, in terms of molecular mechanism and gut microbiota. The study found that LF2 significantly reduces fasting blood glucose, enhances insulin sensitivity and restores insulin homeostasis and lipid homeostasis. Moreover, LF2 reduced liver oxidative stress and inflammation, and improved hepatocyte steatosis. To decipher the mechanism behind this therapeutic effect, both the molecular mechanisms and gut microbiota were further analyzed. LF2 inhibited the activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis and decreased the expression of SREBP-1c and PPARγ in liver. Interestingly, we found that LF2 and metformin have similar effects on gut microbiota, increasing the proportion of Verrucomicrobia and enriching the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, which is beneficial to host health. Collectively, our research clarifies the new application of fucoidan as a functional food for anti-MetS, and provides a new insight for fucoidan to exert systemic therapeutic effects from the perspective of molecular mechanism and gut microbiota.
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Deng Z, Wu N, Wang J, Zhang Q. Dietary fibers extracted from Saccharina japonica can improve metabolic syndrome and ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by high fat diet. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Reynoso-Camacho R, Sotelo-González AM, Patiño-Ortiz P, Rocha-Guzmán NE, Pérez-Ramírez IF. Berry by-products obtained from a decoction process are a rich source of low- and high-molecular weight extractable and non-extractable polyphenols. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nunes S, Viana SD, Preguiça I, Alves A, Fernandes R, Teodoro JS, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Silva S, Jarak I, Carvalho RA, Cavadas C, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Pintado MM, Reis F. Blueberry Consumption Challenges Hepatic Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Elicits Transcriptomics Reprogramming in Healthy Wistar Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111094. [PMID: 33202669 PMCID: PMC7697217 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An emergent trend of blueberries’ (BB) “prophylactic” consumption, due to their phytochemicals’ richness and well-known health-promoting claims, is widely scaled-up. However, the benefits arising from BB indiscriminate intake remains puzzling based on incongruent preclinical and human data. To provide a more in-depth elucidation and support towards a healthier and safer consumption, we conducted a translation-minded experimental study in healthy Wistar rats that consumed BB in a juice form (25 g/kg body weight (BW)/day; 14 weeks’ protocol). Particular attention was paid to the physiological adaptations succeeding in the gut and liver tissues regarding the acknowledged BB-induced metabolic benefits. Systemically, BB boosted serum antioxidant activity and repressed the circulating levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) ketone bodies and 3-HB/acetoacetate ratio. Moreover, BB elicited increased fecal succinic acid levels without major changes on gut microbiota (GM) composition and gut ultra-structural organization. Remarkably, an accentuated hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetic challenge, ensuing metabolic transcriptomic reprogramming along with a concerted anti-inflammatory pre-conditioning, was clearly detected upon long-term consumption of BB phytochemicals. Altogether, the results disclosed herein portray a quiescent mitochondrial-related metabolomics and hint for a unified adaptive response to this nutritional challenge. The beneficial or noxious consequences arising from this dietary trend should be carefully interpreted and necessarily claims future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Preguiça
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Alves
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João S. Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui A. Carvalho
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Clean Technologies and Processes, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria M. Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-053
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Dziadek K, Kopeć A, Piątkowska E, Leszczyńska T. High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders Were Counteracted by the Intake of Fruit and Leaves of Sweet Cherry in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112638. [PMID: 31684199 PMCID: PMC6893591 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that the use of plants rich in bioactive compounds may reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate how the addition of fruit and leaves to high-fructose diet affects lipid metabolism, including the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the liver and adipose tissue, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats. The animals were fed with AIN-93G diet, high fructose (HFr) diet, HFr diet with addition of 5% or 10% freeze-dried fruits, and HFr diet with addition of 1% or 3% freeze-dried leaves. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. The results showed that the intake of fruit and leaves of sweet cherry caused the improvement of the liver function, as well as beneficially affected lipid metabolism, among others, by regulating the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation. Additionally, they exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, the addition of fruit and leaves reduced the adverse changes arising from the consumption of high fructose diet. Therefore, not only commonly consumed fruits, but also leaves can be potentially used as functional foods. These findings may be helpful in prevention and treatment of the obesity-related metabolic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Dziadek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aneta Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Piątkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
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Role of Berry Bioactive Compounds on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091983. [PMID: 31443489 PMCID: PMC6770868 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood lipids are an important biomarker of cardiovascular health and disease. Among the lipid biomarkers that have been widely used to monitor and predict cardiovascular diseases (CVD), elevated LDL and low HDL cholesterol (C), as well as elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, deserve special attention in their predictive abilities, and thus have been the targets of several therapeutic and dietary approaches to improving lipid profiles. Among natural foods and nutraceuticals, dietary berries are a rich source of nutrients, fiber, and various types of phytochemicals. Berries as whole fruits, juices, and purified extracts have been shown to lower total and LDL-C, and increase HDL-C in clinical studies in participants with elevated blood lipids, type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. This short review aimed to further discuss the mechanisms and magnitude of the lipid-lowering effects of dietary berries, with emphasis on reported clinical studies. Based on the emerging evidence, colorful berry fruits may thus be included in a healthy diet for the prevention and management of CVD.
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Bacanli M, Dilsiz SA, Başaran N, Başaran AA. Effects of phytochemicals against diabetes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:209-238. [PMID: 31351526 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose and insufficiency in production and action of insulin is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is associated with increased formation of free radicals and decrease in antioxidant potential. In the patients with diabetes mellitus, the levels of antioxidant parameters are found to decrease, hence in many studies phytochemicals which can exert antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, are suggested to improve the insulin sensitivity. Several phytoactive compounds such as flavonoids, lignans, prophenylphenols, are also found to combat the complications of diabetes. This chapter mainly focuses on the relationship between diabetes mellitus and preventive roles of various phytochemicals on diabetes via their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Bacanli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sevtap Aydin Dilsiz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Başaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Ahmet Başaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Andrade N, Andrade S, Silva C, Rodrigues I, Guardão L, Guimarães JT, Keating E, Martel F. Chronic consumption of the dietary polyphenol chrysin attenuates metabolic disease in fructose-fed rats. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:151-165. [PMID: 30631887 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a major public health issue worldwide and fructose consumption has been associated with MS development. Recently, we showed that the dietary polyphenol chrysin is an effective inhibitor of fructose uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, our aim was to investigate if chrysin interferes with the development of MS induced by fructose in an animal model. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (220-310 g) were randomly divided into four groups: (A) tap water (control), (B) tap water and a daily dose of chrysin (100 mg/kg) by oral administration (chrysin) (C) 10% fructose in tap water (fructose), and (D) 10% fructose in tap water and a daily dose of chrysin (100 mg/kg) by oral administration (fructose + chrysin). All groups were fed ad libitum with standard laboratory chow diet and dietary manipulation lasted 18 weeks. RESULTS Fructose-feeding for 18 weeks induced an increase in serum triacylglycerols, insulin and angiotensin II levels and in hepatic fibrosis and these changes did not occur in fructose + chrysin rats. Moreover, the increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure which was found in fructose-fed animals from week 14th onwards was not observed in fructose + chrysin animals. In contrast, the increase in energy consumption, liver/body, heart/body and right kidney/body weight ratios, serum proteins, serum leptin and liver triacylglycerols observed in fructose-fed rats was not affected by chrysin. CONCLUSIONS Chrysin was able to protect against some of the MS features induced by fructose-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Andrade
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Andrade
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claúdia Silva
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Guardão
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Keating
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Oliveira PS, Chaves VC, Soares MSP, Bona NP, Mendonça LT, Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Vasconcellos FA, Vizzotto M, Vieira A, Spanevello RM, Reginatto FH, Lencina CL, Stefanello FM. Southern Brazilian native fruit shows neurochemical, metabolic and behavioral benefits in an animal model of metabolic syndrome. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1551-1562. [PMID: 29882020 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the effects of Psidium cattleianum (Red Type) (PcRT) fruit extract on metabolic, behavioral, and neurochemical parameters in rats fed with a highly palatable diet (HPD) consisted of sucrose (65% carbohydrates being 34% from condensed milk, 8% from sucrose and 23% from starch, 25% protein and 10% fat). Animals were divided into 4 groups: standard chow, standard chow + PcRT extract (200 mg/Kg/day by gavage), HPD, HPD + extract. The animals were treated for 150 days. Concerning chemical profiling, LC/PDA/MS/MS analysis revealed cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as the only anthocyanin in the PcRT extract. Our results showed that the animals exposed to HPD presented glucose intolerance, increased weight gain and visceral fat, as well as higher serum levels of glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and interleukin-6. These alterations were prevented by PcRT. In addition, HPD caused an increase in immobility time in a forced swimming test and the fruit extract prevented this alteration, indicating an antidepressant-like effect. PcRT treatment also prevented increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal cortex caused by HPD consumption. Moreover, PcRT extract was able to restore Ca2+-ATPase activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, as well as Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. PcRT treatment decreased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, nitrite, and reactive oxygen species levels and prevented the reduction of superoxide dismutase activity in all cerebral structures of the HPD group. Additionally, HPD decreased catalase in the hippocampus and striatum. However, the extract prevented this change in the hippocampus. Our results showed that this berry extract has antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects, and neuroprotective properties, proving to be a potential therapeutic agent for individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathise Souto Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Clasen Chaves
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lorenço Torres Mendonça
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessié Martins Gutierres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aleixo Vasconcellos
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia Vizzotto
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Andriele Vieira
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Claiton Leoneti Lencina
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, CEP, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil.
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Bilberry pomace in rabbit nutrition: effects on growth performance, apparent digestibility, caecal traits, bacterial community and antioxidant status. Animal 2018; 13:53-63. [PMID: 29774828 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111800099x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural by-products could be used as alternative raw materials in rabbit nutrition as they have been found to be highly nutritious and low cost feeding sources. The aim of this study was to estimate the nutritive value and potential use of bilberry pomace (BP) for growing rabbits. A total of 144 Grimaud rabbits (35 days old) were allotted to four groups and fed with a diet containing increasing level of BP: BP0 (basal diet), BP5, BP10 and BP15 containing 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg respectively. Growth trial lasted 48 days; apparent digestibility was evaluated, starting at 46 days of age, over 4 consecutive days. The nutritive value of BP was measured using the mean digestibility of the experimental diets. At 83 days of age, rabbits were slaughtered: blood, and liver and kidney samples were collected in order to determine the blood parameters and the antioxidant enzyme activities of the tissues. Moreover, caecal content was sampled and gut microbiota assessed by means of amplicon-based high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The digestible protein was estimated to 104 g/kg of DM while digestible energy to 9.44 MJ/kg DM for incorporation rate up to 150 g/kg. During the finishing period, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio showed linear response to BP increase (P=0.008 and <0.001, respectively). During all the period, both parameters decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing BP inclusion levels (P<0.001) up to 100 g/kg of BP. A significant effect of the antioxidant status was found in the kidneys and liver (P<0.05) where the glutathione peroxidase activity increased as the BP increased. As far as gut microbiota is concerned, BP increased the relative abundance of the Clostridium, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus and Ruminococcaceae species which were clearly associated with the BP inclusion level. In conclusion, BP showed a potential use as an alternative protein and fibre sources for growing rabbits.
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Dabbou S, Renna M, Lussiana C, Gai F, Rotolo L, Kovitvadhi A, Brugiapaglia A, Helal AN, Schiavone A, Zoccarato I, Gasco L. Bilberry pomace in growing rabbit diets: effects on quality traits of hind leg meat. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1292413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnolgy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Manuela Renna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Istituto Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Rotolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Attawit Kovitvadhi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Physiology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alberto Brugiapaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ahmed Noureddine Helal
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology and Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnolgy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ivo Zoccarato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- Istituto Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
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Dabbou S, Gai F, Renna M, Rotolo L, Dabbou S, Lussiana C, Kovitvadhi A, Brugiapaglia A, De Marco M, Helal AN, Zoccarato I, Gasco L. Inclusion of bilberry pomace in rabbit diets: Effects on carcass characteristics and meat quality. Meat Sci 2017; 124:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oh J, Jo SH, Kim JS, Ha KS, Lee JY, Choi HY, Yu SY, Kwon YI, Kim YC. Selected tea and tea pomace extracts inhibit intestinal α-glucosidase activity in vitro and postprandial hyperglycemia in vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8811-25. [PMID: 25906471 PMCID: PMC4425110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia, which is an early defect of T2DM and thus a primary target for anti-diabetic drugs. A therapeutic approach is to inhibit intestinal α-glucosidase, the key enzyme for dietary carbohydrate digestion, resulting in delayed rate of glucose absorption. Although tea extracts have been reported to have anti-diabetic effects, the potential bioactivity of tea pomace, the main bio waste of tea beverage processing, is largely unknown. We evaluated the anti-diabetic effects of three selected tea water extracts (TWE) and tea pomace extracts (TPE) by determining the relative potency of extracts on rat intestinal α-glucosidase activity in vitro as well as hypoglycemic effects in vivo. Green, oolong, and black tea bags were extracted in hot water and the remaining tea pomace were dried and further extracted in 70% ethanol. The extracts were determined for intestinal rat α-glucosidases activity, radical scavenging activity, and total phenolic content. The postprandial glucose-lowering effects of TWE and TPE of green and black tea were assessed in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and compared to acarbose, a known pharmacological α-glucosidase inhibitor. The IC50 values of all three tea extracts against mammalian α-glucosidase were lower or similar in TPE groups than those of TWE groups. TWE and TPE of green tea exhibited the highest inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase activity with the IC50 of 2.04 ± 0.31 and 1.95 ± 0.37 mg/mL respectively. Among the specific enzymes tested, the IC50 values for TWE (0.16 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and TPE (0.13 ± 0.01 mg/mL) of green tea against sucrase activity were the lowest compared to those on maltase and glucoamylase activities. In the animal study, the blood glucose level at 30 min after oral intake (0.5 g/kg body wt) of TPE and TWE of both green and black tea was significantly reduced compared to the control in sucrose-loaded SD rats. The TPE of all three teas had significantly higher phenolic content than those of the TWE groups, which correlated strongly with the DPPH radical scavenging activity. This is the first report of tea pomace extract significantly inhibits intestinal α-glucosidase, resulting in delayed glucose absorption and thereby suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia. Our data suggest that tea pomace-derived bioactives may have great potential for further development as nutraceutical products and the reuse of otherwise biowaste as valuable bioresources for the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungbae Oh
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Sung-Hoon Jo
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Justin S Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Kyoung-Soo Ha
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Hwang-Yong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Seok-Yeong Yu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Young-In Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Young-Cheul Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Yamasaki M, Matsuyama Y, Hayasegawa R, Hamada K, Nishiyama K, Kai T, Kamenaga K, Arakawa T, Tari H, Shimizu Y, Matsuura Y, Yukizaki C. Blueberry ( Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) Leaf Infusion Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed a High-fat, High-sucrose Diet. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, 2Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, 2Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Rintaro Hayasegawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, 2Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Kensaku Hamada
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, 2Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Kazuo Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, 2Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
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20
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Flores FP, Singh RK, Kong F. Physical and storage properties of spray-dried blueberry pomace extract with whey protein isolate as wall material. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Tagzirt M, Corseaux D, Pasquesoone L, Mouquet F, Roma-Lavisse C, Ung A, Lorenzi R, Jude B, Elkalioubie A, Van Belle E, Susen S, Dupont A. Alterations in neutrophil production and function at an early stage in the high-fructose rat model of metabolic syndrome. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1096-104. [PMID: 25103937 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although neutrophils are crucially involved in inflammation, they have received only little attention in metabolic syndrome (MetS). We hypothesized that neutrophil infiltration into adipose tissue (AT) may occur at an early stage of MetS, in association with modulation of major functions of neutrophils and of their bone marrow production. METHODS Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed regular (control rats (CRs)) or high-fructose (60%; fructose-fed rats (FFRs)) diets. After 6 weeks, metabolic parameters were measured. Distribution of neutrophils into AT was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Function of circulating neutrophils (activation, reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis, and apoptosis) was determined by flow cytometry. Granulopoiesis was evaluated by measuring the number and survival characteristics of neutrophil progenitors using bone marrow culture assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with the CR group, the FFR group developed MetS (i.e., arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting hyperglycemia, and greater intra-abdominal AT volume) and presented higher neutrophil infiltration into AT. At resting state, no significant difference for circulating neutrophil functions was observed between the 2 groups. In contrast, circulating neutrophils from the FFR group exhibited higher responses to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate for all studied functions, compared with the CR group, suggesting that early MetS induces neutrophil priming. In parallel, a diminished clonal capacity and an increased apoptosis in bone marrow-derived granulocyte progenitors and neutrophil precursors were observed in the FFR group compared with the CR group. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence of an increased infiltration into intra-abdominal AT and modified production, function, and phenotype of neutrophils at an early stage of high-fructose diet-induced MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Ung
- EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France
| | | | - Brigitte Jude
- EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Department and Hematology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Eric Van Belle
- EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Department and Hematology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Susen
- EA 2693, Univ Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Department and Hematology Department, University Hospital, Lille, France
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Song Y, Park HJ, Kang SN, Jang SH, Lee SJ, Ko YG, Kim GS, Cho JH. Blueberry peel extracts inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and reduce high-fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69925. [PMID: 23936120 PMCID: PMC3723699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of action of blueberry peel extracts (BPE) in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. The levels of lipid accumulation were measured, along with the changes in the expression of genes and proteins associated with adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Evidenced by Oil-red O staining and triglyceride assay, BPE dose-dependently inhibited lipid accumulation at concentrations of 0, 50, and 200 µg/ml. BPE decreased the expression of the key adipocyte differentiation regulator C/EBPβ, as well as the C/EBPα and PPARγ genes, during the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Moreover, BPE down-regulated adipocyte-specific genes such as aP2 and FAS compared with control adipocytes. The specific mechanism mediating the effects of BP revealed that insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was strongly decreased, and its downstream substrate, phospho-GSK3β, was downregulated by BPE treatment in 3T3-L1 cells. Together, these data indicated that BP exerted anti-adipogenic activity by inhibiting the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPβ and the Akt signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Next, we investigated whether BP extracts attenuated HFD-induced obesity in rats. Oral administration of BPE reduced HFD-induced body weight gain significantly without affecting food intake. The epididymal or perirenal adipose tissue weights were lower in rats on an HFD plus BPE compared with the tissue weights of HFD-induced obese rats. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the rats fed BPE were modestly reduced, and the HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased in HFD plus BP-fed rats compared with those of HFD-fed rats. Taken together, these results demonstrated an inhibitory effect of BP on adipogenesis through the down-regulation of C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, and PPARγ and the reduction of the phospho-Akt adipogenic factor in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, BPE reduced body weight gain and inhibited fat accumulation in an HFD-induced animal model of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuno Song
- Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyoung Joon Park
- Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Suk Nam Kang
- Dept. of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Jang
- Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Deptment of Foods and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yeoung-Gyu Ko
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon, Korea
| | - Gon-Sup Kim
- Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Cho
- Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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