1
|
Pinilla-González V, Rojas-Solé C, Gómez-Hevia F, González-Fernández T, Cereceda-Cornejo A, Chichiarelli S, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Tapping into Nature's Arsenal: Harnessing the Potential of Natural Antioxidants for Human Health and Disease Prevention. Foods 2024; 13:1999. [PMID: 38998505 PMCID: PMC11241326 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural antioxidants commonly found in our daily diet have demonstrated significant benefits for human health and various diseases by counteracting the impact of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Their chemical properties enable a range of biological actions, including antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anticancer effects. Despite promising outcomes from preclinical studies, ongoing debate persists regarding their reproducibility in human clinical models. This controversy largely stems from a lack of understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds, coupled with the predominant focus on monotherapies in research, neglecting potential synergistic effects arising from combining different antioxidants. This study aims to provide an updated overview of natural antioxidants, operating under the hypothesis that a multitherapeutic approach surpasses monotherapy in efficacy. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of integrating these antioxidants into the daily diet, as they have the potential to prevent the onset and progression of various diseases. To reinforce this perspective, clinical findings pertaining to the treatment and prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and conditions associated with ischemia and reperfusion phenomena, including myocardial infarction, postoperative atrial fibrillation, and stroke, are presented as key references.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Pinilla-González
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Catalina Rojas-Solé
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Francisca Gómez-Hevia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Tommy González-Fernández
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Antonia Cereceda-Cornejo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tyczyńska M, Hunek G, Szczasny M, Brachet A, Januszewski J, Forma A, Portincasa P, Flieger J, Baj J. Supplementation of Micro- and Macronutrients-A Role of Nutritional Status in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4916. [PMID: 38732128 PMCID: PMC11085010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which the pathological cumulation of fat with coexisting inflammation and damage of hepatic cells leads to progressive dysfunctions of the liver. Except for the commonly well-known major causes of NAFLD such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, or diabetes, an unbalanced diet and imbalanced nutritional status should also be taken into consideration. In this narrative review, we summarized the current knowledge regarding the micro- and macronutrient status of patients suffering from NAFLD considering various diets and supplementation of chosen supplements. We aimed to summarize the knowledge indicating which nutritional impairments may be associated with the onset and progression of NAFLD at the same time evaluating the potential therapy targets that could facilitate the healing process. Except for the above-mentioned objectives, one of the most important aspects of this review was to highlight the possible strategies for taking care of NAFLD patients taking into account the challenges and opportunities associated with the micronutrient status of the patients. The current research indicates that a supplementation of chosen vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, B complex, C, or D) as well as chosen elements such as zinc may alleviate the symptoms of NAFLD. However, there is still a lack of sufficient data regarding healthy ranges of dosages; thus, further research is of high importance in this matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Gabriela Hunek
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Martyna Szczasny
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Adam Brachet
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Jacek Januszewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kulawik A, Cielecka-Piontek J, Zalewski P. The Importance of Antioxidant Activity for the Health-Promoting Effect of Lycopene. Nutrients 2023; 15:3821. [PMID: 37686853 PMCID: PMC10490373 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a compound of colored origin that shows strong antioxidant activity. The positive effect of lycopene is the result of its pleiotropic effect. The ability to neutralize free radicals via lycopene is one of the foundations of its pro-health effect, including the ability to inhibit the development of many civilization diseases. Therefore, this study focuses on the importance of the antioxidant effect of lycopene in inhibiting the development of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diseases within the nervous system, diabetes, liver diseases, and ulcerative colitis. According to the research mentioned, lycopene supplementation has significant promise for the treatment of illnesses marked by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the majority of the supporting data for lycopene's health benefits comes from experimental research, whereas the evidence from clinical studies is both scarcer and less certain of any health benefits. Research on humans is still required to establish its effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kulawik
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (A.K.); (J.C.-P.)
- Phytopharm Klęka S.A., Klęka 1, 63-040 Nowe Miasto nad Wartą, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (A.K.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (A.K.); (J.C.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Promising hepatoprotective effects of lycopene in different liver diseases. Life Sci 2022; 310:121131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Khongthaw B, Dulta K, Chauhan PK, Kumar V, Ighalo JO. Lycopene: a therapeutic strategy against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID- 19). Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1955-1976. [PMID: 36050507 PMCID: PMC9436159 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is a group of phytochemicals found in nature, primarily in fruits and vegetables. Lycopene is thought to protect against a variety of diseases attributed to its antioxidant capabilities. Lycopene has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunity-boosting qualities, among other biological and pharmacological benefits. COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has recently emerged as one of the world's leading causes of death. Patients may be asymptomatic or show signs of respiratory, cytokine release syndrome, gastrointestinal, or even multiple organ failure, all of which can lead to death. In COVID-19, inflammation, and cytokine storm are the key pathogenic mechanisms, according to SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms. ARDS develops in some vulnerable hosts, which is accompanied by an inflammatory "cytokine syndrome" that causes lung damage. Immunological and inflammatory markers were linked to disease severity in mild and severe COVID-19 cases, implying that inflammatory markers, including IL-6, CRP, ESR, and PCT were significantly linked with COVID-19 severity. Patients with severe illness have reduced levels of several immune subsets, including CD4 + T, NK, and CD8 + cells. As a result, lycopene can be commended for bolstering physiological defenses against COVID-19 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banlambhabok Khongthaw
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Kanika Dulta
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chauhan
- Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Joshua O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baz L, Algarni S, Al-thepyani M, Aldairi A, Gashlan H. Lycopene Improves Metabolic Disorders and Liver Injury Induced by a Hight-Fat Diet in Obese Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:7736. [PMID: 36431836 PMCID: PMC9699056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is positively related to the development of obesity. Lycopene (LYC) can potentially combat HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in rats. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LYC on metabolic syndrome and assess its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the liver and adipose tissue in rats fed an HFD. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group Ι (the control group) was fed a normal diet, group ΙΙ (HFD) received an HFD for 16 weeks, and group ΙΙΙ (HFD + LYC) received an HFD for 12 weeks and then LYC (25 mg/kg b.wt) was administered for four weeks. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, lipid profile, liver function biomarkers, and inflammatory markers were determined. The results showed that long-term consumption of an HFD significantly increased weight gain, liver weight, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Rats on an HFD displayed higher levels of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers. Moreover, liver and white adipose tissue histopathological investigations showed that LYC treatment mended the damaged tissue. Overall, LYC supplementation successfully reversed HFD-induced changes and shifts through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, LYC displayed a therapeutic potential to manage obesity and its associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Baz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salha Algarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al-thepyani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Art, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aldairi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Gashlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mediterranean Diet: The Beneficial Effects of Lycopene in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123477. [PMID: 35743545 PMCID: PMC9225137 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents the most common chronic liver disease globally; it is estimated that 25.24% of the world’s population has NAFLD. NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease whose development involves various processes, such as insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, inflammation, cytokine imbalance, the activation of innate immunity, microbiota and environmental and genetic factors. Numerous clinical studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet produces beneficial effects in NAFLD patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the beneficial effects of lycopene, a soluble pigment found in fruit and vegetables, in NAFLD.
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo Z, Hu H, Liu S, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhou L. Comprehensive analysis of the translatome reveals the relationship between the translational and transcriptional control in high fat diet-induced liver steatosis. RNA Biol 2021; 18:863-874. [PMID: 32967529 PMCID: PMC8081042 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1827193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational regulation plays a critical role in gene expression. However, there are few genome-wide studies on translational regulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a severe non-communicable epidemic worldwide. In this study, we performed RNC-mRNA (mRNAs bound to ribosome-nascent chain complex) sequencing and mRNA sequencing to probe the translation status of high-fat-diet (HFD) induced mouse fatty liver. Generally, in the HFD group compared to the control group, changes of translation ratios and changes in mRNA abundance had a negative correlation. The relative abundance of RNC-mRNAs and mRNAs were positively correlated, yet the former changed more slowly than the latter. However, the rate of change became more balanced when it came to the livers of mice that were fed the HFD plus lycopene, an antioxidant. This indicated relatively independent roles of translational modulation and transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, many genes were differentially regulated at the transcriptional or translational levels, suggesting a new screening strategy for functional genes. In conclusion, our analysis revealed the different and correlated role of translational control with transcriptional regulation in the HFD-induced mouse fatty liver relative to the control, which indicates critical roles of translational control for liver steatosis; thus, adding a new dimension towards a better understanding and improvement of treatment for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zupeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li HY, Gan RY, Shang A, Mao QQ, Sun QC, Wu DT, Geng F, He XQ, Li HB. Plant-Based Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds on Fatty Liver Disease: Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Application. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6621644. [PMID: 33728021 PMCID: PMC7939748 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6621644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD), including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), is a serious chronic metabolic disease that affects a wide range of people. Lipid accumulation accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver is the most important pathogenesis of FLD. The plant-based, high-fiber, and low-fat diet has been recommended to manage FLD for a long time. This review discusses the current state of the art into the effects, mechanisms, and clinical application of plant-based foods in NAFLD and AFLD, with highlighting related molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological evidence revealed that the consumption of several plant-based foods was beneficial to alleviating FLD. Further experimental studies found out that fruits, spices, teas, coffee, and other plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, such as resveratrol, anthocyanin, curcumin, and tea polyphenols, could alleviate FLD by ameliorating hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and apoptosis, as well as regulating autophagy and ethanol metabolism. More importantly, clinical trials confirmed the beneficial effects of plant-based foods on patients with fatty liver. However, several issues need to be further studied especially the safety and effective doses of plant-based foods and their bioactive compounds. Overall, certain plant-based foods are promising natural sources of bioactive compounds to prevent and alleviate fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Quan-Cai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Qin He
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elvira-Torales LI, Navarro-González I, Rodrigo-García J, Seva J, García-Alonso J, Periago-Castón MJ. Consumption of Spinach and Tomato Modifies Lipid Metabolism, Reducing Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1041. [PMID: 33114278 PMCID: PMC7690917 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently a serious and growing clinical problem in developed and developing countries and is considered one of the most frequent chronic liver diseases in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functionality of dietary carotenoids provided by tomato and spinach in the dietary treatment of steatosis. Twenty-two Sprague-Dawley rats with induced steatosis were grouped into three groups and fed standard diet (CD group) and two experimental diets supplemented with 12.75% (LC12.75 group) and 25.5% (HC25.5 group) of a mixture of spinach and tomato powder. Rats fed carotenoid-rich feeds showed an improvement in the plasma biomarkers of steatosis, with lower levels of glucose, total cholesterol, VLDL, TG, proteins, ALT and AST. Likewise, a decrease in oxidative stress was observed, with a significant reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma (up to 54%), liver (up to 51.42%) and urine (up to 78.89%) (p < 0.05) and an increase in plasma antioxidant capacity (ORAC) (up to 73.41%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, carotenoid-rich diets led to an accumulation of carotenoids in the liver and were inversely correlated with the content of total cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides, increasing the concentrations of MUFA and PUFA (up to 32.6% and 48%, respectively) (p < 0.05). The accumulation of carotenoids in the liver caused the modulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, and we particularly observed an overexpression of ACOX1, APOA1 and NRIH2 (LXR) and the synthesis of the proteins. This study suggests that dietary carotenoids from spinach and tomato aid in the dietary management of steatosis by reversing steatosis biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (J.G.-A.)
- Department of Food Engineering, National Technological of Mexico, Tierra Blanca Campus, 95180 Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Inmaculada Navarro-González
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - Joaquín Rodrigo-García
- Department of Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, 32310 Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | - Juan Seva
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (J.G.-A.)
| | - María Jesús Periago-Castón
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (J.G.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao Y, Ma DX, Wang HG, Li MZ, Talukder M, Wang HR, Li JL. Lycopene Prevents DEHP-Induced Liver Lipid Metabolism Disorder by Inhibiting the HIF-1α-Induced PPARα/PPARγ/FXR/LXR System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11468-11479. [PMID: 32962341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widespread pollutant that badly affects animals and human health. Lycopene (LYC) has been used as a dietary supplement that has effective antioxidant and antiobesity functions. The present goal was to understand the molecular mechanisms of LYC preventing DEHP-induced lipid metabolism of the liver. The mice were intragastrically administered with LYC (5 mg/kg) and/or DEHP (500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg). Here, we found that LYC attenuated DEHP-caused hepatic histopathological lesions including steatosis. Hematological and biochemical analyses revealed that LYC ameliorated DEHP-caused liver function and lipid metabolism disorders. DEHP caused lipid metabolism disorders via activating the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α/γ (PPARα/γ) signal transducer and Farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/liver X receptor (LXR) signaling pathway. As a major regulator of lipid metabolism, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) system was elevated with increased fatty degeneration under DEHP exposure. However, LYC could decrease the levels of HIF-1α/PPARα/PPARγ/FXR/LXR signaling pathway-related factors. Our research indicated that LYC could prevent DEHP-induced lipid metabolism disorders via inhibiting the HIF-1α-mediated PPARα/PPARγ/FXR/LXR system. This study may provide a possible molecular mechanism for fatty liver induced by DEHP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong-Guang Wang
- The Technical Identification Station of Agricultural Products and Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150000, P. R. China
| | | | - Milton Talukder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effects of lycopene on skeletal muscle-fiber type and high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 87:108523. [PMID: 33039582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing studies report that many natural products can participate in formation of muscle fibers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lycopene on skeletal muscle-fiber type in vivo and in vitro. C2C12 myoblasts were used in vitro study, and the concentration of lycopene was 10 µM. In vivo, 8-week-old male C57/BL6 mice were used and divided into four groups (n=8): (1) ND: normal-fat diet; (2) ND+Lyc: normal-fat diet mixed with 0.33% w/w lycopene; (3) HFD: high-fat diet; and (4) HFD+Lyc: high-fat diet mixed with 0.33% w/w lycopene. The mice tissue samples were collected after 8 weeks feeding. We found that lycopene supplementation enhanced the protein expression of slow-twitch fiber, succinate dehydrogenase, and malic dehydrogenase enzyme activities, whereas lycopene reduced the protein expression of fast-twitch fibers, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase enzyme activities. Moreover, lycopene can promote skeletal muscle triglyceride deposition, enhanced the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid synthesis, reduced the mRNA expression of genes related to lipolysis. And high-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia and oxidative stress were attenuated after lycopene supplementation. Additionally, lycopene supplementation reduced the glycolytic reserve but enhanced mitochondrial ATP production in C2C12 cells. These results demonstrated that lycopene affects the activities of metabolic enzymes in muscle fibers, promotes the expression of slow-twitch fibers, and enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity. We speculated that lycopene affects the muscle-fiber type through aerobic oxidation, suggesting that lycopene exerts potential beneficial effects on skeletal muscle metabolism.
Collapse
|
13
|
Combination of luteolin and lycopene effectively protect against the “two-hit” in NAFLD through Sirt1/AMPK signal pathway. Life Sci 2020; 256:117990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
Kilany OE, Abdelrazek HMA, Aldayel TS, Abdo S, Mahmoud MMA. Anti-obesity potential of Moringa olifera seed extract and lycopene on high fat diet induced obesity in male Sprauge Dawely rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2733-2746. [PMID: 32994733 PMCID: PMC7499387 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Present research explored the anti-obesity effect of Moringa olifera seed oil extract and lycopene (LYC). Forty eight male Sprauge Dawely rats were divided equally into 6 groups. Group Ι (C) served as control, group ΙΙ (MC) was given Moringa olifera seed oil extract (800 mg/kg b.wt) for 8 weeks, group ΙΙΙ (LC) was given (20 mg/kg b.wt) LYC for 8 weeks, group ΙV (O) received high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks, group Ѵ (MO), was given HFD for 20 weeks and received (800 mg/kg b.wt) Moringa olifera seed oil extract for last 8 weeks and group ѴΙ (LO), received HFD for 20 weeks and was given (20 mg/kg b.wt) LYC for last 8 weeks. Hematology, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, lipid profile, serum liver and kidney biomarkers, inflammatory markers, leptin, resistin and heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) were determined. Also histopathology for liver, kidney and aorta were performed besides immunohistochemistry (IHC) for aortic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Administration of Moringa olifera seed oil extract and LYC significantly ameliorated the HFD induced hematological and metabolic perturbations as well as reduced leptin and resistin. Both treatments exerted these effects through promotion of antioxidant enzymes and reducing lipid peroxidation as well as inflammatory cytokines along with reduced iNOS protein expression. Administration of Moringa olifera seed oil extract and LYC have anti-obesity potential in HFD induced obesity in male Sprauge Dawely rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omnia E Kilany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa Abdo
- Suez Canal Authority Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Manal M A Mahmoud
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lycopene prevents lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by stimulating PPARα and improving mitochondrial function. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
16
|
Carotenoids and fatty liver disease: Current knowledge and research gaps. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158597. [PMID: 31904420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids form an important part of the human diet, consumption of which has been associated with many health benefits. With the growing global burden of liver disease, increasing attention has been paid on the possible beneficial role that carotenoids may play in the liver. This review focuses on carotenoid actions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Indeed, many human studies have suggested an association between decreased circulating levels of carotenoids and increased incidence of NAFLD and ALD. The literature describing supplementation of individual carotenoids in rodent models of NAFLD and ALD is reviewed, with particular attention paid to β-carotene and lycopene, but also including β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin. The effect of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 and 2 knock-out mice on hepatic lipid metabolism is also discussed. In general, there is evidence to suggest that carotenoids have beneficial effects in animal models of both NAFLD and ALD. Mechanistically, these benefits may occur via three possible modes of action: 1) improved hepatic antioxidative status broadly attributed to carotenoids in general, 2) the generation of vitamin A from β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, leading to improved hepatic retinoid signaling, and 3) the generation of apocarotenoid metabolites from β-carotene and lycopene, that may regulate hepatic signaling pathways. Gaps in our knowledge regarding carotenoid mechanisms of action in the liver are highlighted throughout, and the review ends by emphasizing the importance of dose effects, mode of delivery, and mechanism of action as important areas for further study. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
Collapse
|
17
|
Elvira-Torales LI, Periago MJ, González-Barrio R, Hidalgo N, Navarro-González I, Gómez-Gallego C, Masuero D, Soini E, Vrhovsek U, García-Alonso FJ. Spinach consumption ameliorates the gut microbiota and dislipaemia in rats with diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Food Funct 2019; 10:2148-2160. [PMID: 30938723 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the accumulation of fat in liver cells, which causes serious health consequences. Animal and human studies suggest that the gut microbiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, we investigated whether spinach consumption could ameliorate high-fat-diet-induced disturbances in certain intestinal bacterial groups and products derived from their metabolism, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial phenolic catabolites. Attention is also paid to blood lipids and glucose. In the study, a rat model of high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD was used. There were six experimental groups: NC (normal diet), NB (normal diet + 2.5% spinach), NA (normal diet + 5% spinach), HC (high-fat diet), HB (high-fat diet + 2.5% spinach) and HA (high-fat diet + 5% spinach). The rats consumed these diets for five weeks, and after that, they were sacrificed and plasma, urine, intestinal content, faeces and liver samples were taken. Biochemical parameters were analyzed in plasma, phenolic catabolites were quantified in the faeces, urine, plasma and liver by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and the analysis of the microbiota and SCFAs in the intestinal content was performed by qPCR and GLC. Consumption of a high-fat diet caused NAFLD and dislipaemia and altered the gut microbiota and the pattern of SCFAs and phenolic gut microbial catabolites. Supplementation with spinach partially ameliorated some alterations induced by the high-fat diet, in particular by increasing the Lactobacillus counts, reducing the fasting glucose and total and LDL-cholesterol and preventing excess liver cholesterol accumulation, thereby improving the values of the steatosis biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L I Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elvira-Torales LI, García-Alonso J, Periago-Castón MJ. Nutritional Importance of Carotenoids and Their Effect on Liver Health: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070229. [PMID: 31330977 PMCID: PMC6681007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of carotenoids has beneficial effects on health, reducing the risk of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and macular degeneration, among others. The mechanism of action of carotenoids has not been clearly identified; however, it has been associated with the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids, which acts against reactive oxygen species and inactivating free radicals, although it has also been shown that carotenoids modulate gene expression. Dietary carotenoids are absorbed and accumulated in the liver and other organs, where they exert their beneficial effects. In recent years, it has been described that the intake of carotenoids can significantly reduce the risk of suffering from liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This disease is characterized by an imbalance in lipid metabolism producing the accumulation of fat in the hepatocyte, leading to lipoperoxidation, followed by oxidative stress and inflammation. In the first phases, the main treatment of NAFLD is to change the lifestyle, including dietary habits. In this sense, carotenoids have been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect due to their ability to reduce oxidative stress and regulate the lipid metabolism of hepatocytes by modulating certain genes. The objective of this review was to provide a description of the effects of dietary carotenoids from fruits and vegetables on liver health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Food Engineering, Tierra Blanca Superior Technological Institute, Tierra Blanca 95180, Mexico.
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Periago-Castón
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee Y, Hu S, Park YK, Lee JY. Health Benefits of Carotenoids: A Role of Carotenoids in the Prevention of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:103-113. [PMID: 31328113 PMCID: PMC6615349 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases with a prevalence of ~25% worldwide. NAFLD includes simple hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, which can further progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, effective strategies for the prevention of NAFLD are needed. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complicated due to diverse injury insults, such as fat accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, and apoptosis, which may act synergistically. Studies have shown that carotenoids, a natural group of isoprenoid pigments, prevent the development of NAFLD by exerting antioxidant, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and insulin-sensitizing properties. This review summarizes the protective action of carotenoids, with primary focuses on astaxanthin, lycopene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, fucoxanthin, and crocetin, against the development and progression of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Elvira-Torales LI, Martín-Pozuelo G, González-Barrio R, Navarro-González I, Pallarés FJ, Santaella M, García-Alonso J, Sevilla Á, Periago-Castón MJ. Ameliorative Effect of Spinach on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced in Rats by a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071662. [PMID: 30987167 PMCID: PMC6479744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of dietary carotenoids from spinach on the inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, liver lipid profile, and liver transcriptomic and metabolomics profiles in Sprague–Dawley rats with steatosis induced by a high-fat diet. Two concentrations of spinach powder (2.5 and 5%) were used in two types of diet: high-fat (H) and standard (N). Although rats fed diet H showed an accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, they did not show differences in the values of adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and oxygen radical absorption (ORAC) in plasma or of isoprostanes in urine compared with animals fed diet N. The consumption of spinach and the accumulation of α and β carotenes and lutein in the liver was inversely correlated with serum total cholesterol and glucose and the content of hepatic cholesterol, increasing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and reducing cholesterol in the livers of rats fed diet H and spinach. In addition, changes in the expression of genes related to the fatty liver condition occurred, and the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and cholesterol increased, mainly through the overexpression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). Related to liver metabolites, animals fed with diet H showed hypoaminoacidemia, mainly for the glucogenic aminoacids. Although no changes were observed in inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, the consumption of spinach modulated the lipid metabolism in liver, which must be taken into consideration during the dietary treatment of steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Food Engineering, Tierra Blanca Superior Technological Institute, 95180 Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Gala Martín-Pozuelo
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rocío González-Barrio
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Navarro-González
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco-José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marina Santaella
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Sevilla
- Anchormen, Pedro de Medinalaan 11, 1086 XK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - María Jesús Periago-Castón
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang LN, Liu YB, Li BH. Lycopene exerts anti-inflammatory effect to inhibit prostate cancer progression. Asian J Androl 2019; 21:80-85. [PMID: 30198495 PMCID: PMC6337959 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_70_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a natural compound that alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation, exerting therapeutic effects in a number of cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of lycopene in inhibiting prostate cancer. Cell viability assays indicated the dose- and time-dependent toxicity of lycopene in prostate cancer cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining assays revealed the strong apoptotic effects of lycopene. The levels of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1 (IL1), IL6, IL8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in lycopene-treated cells were also reduced by lycopene treatment. With the increasing dose of lycopene, the survival of mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts was significantly improved ( P < 0.01), and the tumor burden was significantly reduced ( P < 0.01). Our results indicate that lycopene is a promising chemotherapy drug, which inhibits prostate cancer progression by suppressing the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ning Jiang
- Department of Surgery II, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
- Department of Urology Surgery I, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Ya-Bin Liu
- Department of Surgery II, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Bing-Hui Li
- Department of Surgery II, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Wang Z, Li B, Qiang Y, Yuan T, Tan X, Wang Z, Liu Z, Liu X. Lycopene attenuates western-diet-induced cognitive deficits via improving glycolipid metabolism dysfunction and inflammatory responses in gut-liver-brain axis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:1735-1746. [PMID: 30538283 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of lycopene (LYC), a major carotenoid present in tomato, on high-fat and high-fructose western diet (HFFD)-induced cognitive impairments and the protective effects on HFFD-elicited insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysfunction and inflammatory responses in the gut-liver-brain axis. SUBJECTS/METHODS We randomly assigned 3-month-old C57BL/6 J mice to three groups with different diets: the control group, HFFD group and HFFD + LYC group (LYC, 0.03% w/w, mixed into high-fat diet) for 10 weeks. RESULTS The results of the Y-maze task and Morris water maze tests demonstrated that LYC attenuated HFFD-induced memory loss. Moreover, LYC suppressed HFFD-elicited synaptic dysfunction and increased the expressions of SNAP-25 and PSD-95. Furthermore, LYC ameliorated insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysfunction and inflammatory responses in the mouse brain and liver. LYC also prevente.d intestinal barrier integrity damages and decreased the level of circulating LPS. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that LYC ameliorated HFFD-induced cognitive impairments in a mouse model by improving insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysfunction and inflammatory responses in the gut-liver-brain axis. These findings indicate that LYC might be a nutritional strategy for western diet-induced dysfunction of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bing Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yu Qiang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xintong Tan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antagonistic effects of lycopene on cadmium-induced hippocampal dysfunctions in autophagy, calcium homeostatis and redox. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44720-44731. [PMID: 28615536 PMCID: PMC5546513 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a widely existed environmental contaminant, was shown to trigger neurotoxicity by regulating autophagy, ion homeostasis and redox. Lycopene (LYC) is a natural substance with potent antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, little is known about i) the relationship of Cd-induced neurotoxicity and autophagy, ion homeostasis as well as redox in the hippocampus; ii) the role of LYC in the regulation of hippocampal autophagy, ionic balance and antioxidant capacity during Cd exposure. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the Cd exposure-induced hippocampal dysfunctions for neurotoxicity, and the preventive potential of LYC on the hippocampus impairment by reversing the dysfunctions during the exposure. In vivo study with mice model demonstrated that Cd exposure increased gene expression of a wide spectrum of autophagy-related gene (ATG) and gene regulating autophagy in hippocampus. This suggests the activation of hippocampal autophagy mediated by Cd. Cd exposure also decreased Ca2+-ATPase activity, thus increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration in hippocampus, indicating the possibility that Cd-induced autophagy requires the Ca2+ signaling. Moreover, Cd exposure triggered redox stress in hippocampus cells, as antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased while oxidative productions were promoted. Cd exposure led to severe cytotoxicity in hippocampus cells. Of important note, all the hippocampal dysfunctions upon Cd exposure were reversed by LYC treatment to normal situations, and exposure-induced neurotoxicity was abrogated. The in vivo findings were recapitulated relevantly in the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line, TH22. In all, the above data imply that LYC could be a potent therapeutic agent in treating Cd-triggered hippocampal dysfunctions and subsequent cell damage.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bandeira ACB, da Silva RC, Rossoni JV, Figueiredo VP, Talvani A, Cangussú SD, Bezerra FS, Costa DC. Lycopene pretreatment improves hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in C57BL/6 mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:1057-1065. [PMID: 28031152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic drug that, in high doses, leads to severe liver injury and potentially death. Oxidative stress is an important event in APAP overdose. Researchers are looking for natural antioxidants with the potential to mitigate the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species in different models. Lycopene has been widely studied for its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of lycopene pretreatment in APAP-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into the following groups: control (C); sunflower oil (CO); acetaminophen 500mg/kg (APAP); acetaminophen 500mg/kg+lycopene 10mg/kg (APAP+L10), and acetaminophen 500mg/kg+lycopene 100mg/kg (APAP+L100). Mice were pretreated with lycopene for 14 consecutive days prior to APAP overdose. Analyses of blood serum and livers were performed. Lycopene was able to improve redox imbalance, decrease thiobarbituric acid reactive species level, and increase CAT and GSH levels. In addition, it decreased the IL-1β expression and the activity of MMP-2. This study revealed that preventive lycopene consumption in C57BL/6 mice can attenuate the effects of APAP-induced liver injury. Furthermore, by improving the redox state, and thus indicating its potential antioxidant effect, lycopene was also shown to have an influence on inflammatory events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Balthar Bandeira
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Joamyr Victor Rossoni
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Vivian Paulino Figueiredo
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dantas Cangussú
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bandeira ACB, da Silva TP, de Araujo GR, Araujo CM, da Silva RC, Lima WG, Bezerra FS, Costa DC. Lycopene inhibits reactive oxygen species production in SK-Hep-1 cells and attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 263:7-17. [PMID: 27989599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the antioxidant potential of lycopene in different experimental liver models: in vitro, to evaluate the influence of lycopene on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mediated by the PKC pathway and in vivo, to evaluate the protective effects of lycopene in an experimental model of hepatotoxicity. The in vitro study assessed the lycopene antioxidant potential by the quantification of ROS production in SK-Hep-1 cells unstimulated or stimulated by an activator of the PKC pathway. The role of NADPH oxidase was evaluated by measuring its inhibition potential using an inhibitor of this enzyme. In the in vivo study, male C57BL/6 mice received lycopene (10 or 100 mg/kg by oral gavage) and 1 h later, acetaminophen (APAP) (500 mg/kg) was administrated. Lycopene decreased ROS production in SK-Hep-1 cells through inhibition of NADPH oxidase, brought about in the PKC pathway. Lycopene improved hepatotoxicity acting as an antioxidant, reduced GSSG and regulated tGSH and CAT levels, reduced oxidative damage primarily by decreasing protein carbonylation, promoted the downregulation of MMP-2 and reduced areas of necrosis improving the general appearance of the lesion in C57BL/6 mice. Lycopene is a natural compound that was able to inhibit the production of ROS in vitro and mitigate the damage caused by APAP overdose in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Balthar Bandeira
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Talita Prato da Silva
- Postgraduated Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Glaucy Rodrigues de Araujo
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Morais Araujo
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Wanderson Geraldo Lima
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Murillo AG, DiMarco DM, Fernandez ML. The Potential of Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5040042. [PMID: 27834813 PMCID: PMC5192422 DOI: 10.3390/biology5040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-associated spectrum of comorbidities defined by the presence of metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. If left untreated, NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is recognized as the most common liver disease in the United States, affecting around 30% of the population. Identification of dietary components capable of reducing or preventing NAFLD is therefore essential to battle this condition. Dietary carotenoids including astaxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin have been demonstrated to be potent antioxidants as well as to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Many studies report the protective effect(s) of these carotenoids against different conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetic complications, age-related macular degeneration, and liver diseases. In this review, we will focus on the effects of these carotenoids in the prevention or reduction of NAFLD as seen in epidemiological observations and clinical trials, as well as the suggested mechanism of action derived from animal and cell studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Diana M DiMarco
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|