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Araújo-Rodrigues H, Sousa AS, Relvas JB, Tavaria FK, Pintado M. An Overview on Mushroom Polysaccharides: Health-promoting Properties, Prebiotic and Gut Microbiota Modulation Effects and Structure-function Correlation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121978. [PMID: 38494231 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are recognized as "biological response modifiers". Besides several bioactivities, a growing interest in their prebiotic potential has been raised due to the gut microbiota modulation potential. This review comprehensively summarizes mushroom polysaccharides' biological properties, structure-function relationship, and underlying mechanisms. It provides a recent overview of the key findings in the field (2018-2024). Key findings and limitations on structure-function correlation are discussed. Although most studies focus on β-glucans or extracts, α-glucans and chitin have gained interest. Prebiotic capacity has been associated with α-glucans and chitin, while antimicrobial and wound healing potential is attributed to chitin. However, further research is of utmost importance. Human fecal fermentation is the most reported approach to assess prebiotic potential, indicating impacts on intestinal biological, mechanical, chemical and immunological barriers. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been directly connected with intestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Concerning gut microbiota modulation, animal experiments have suggested proinflammatory cytokines reduction and redox balance re-establishment. Most literature focused on the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential. However, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, antilipidemic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties are discussed. A significant overview of the gaps and research directions in synergistic effects, underlying mechanisms, structure-function correlation, clinical trials and scientific data is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Araújo-Rodrigues
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Program of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sofia Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Bettencourt Relvas
- Program of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Freni K Tavaria
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Yao H, Yang J, Li S, Cui SW, Tan H, Nie S. Effects of different fractions of polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata on high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132744. [PMID: 38834122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Dictyophora indusiata is a common edible mushroom with great potential in the field of medicine against metabolic disorders, inflammation, and immunodeficiency. Our previous studies have shown that different fractions of the polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata (DIP) have various structural characteristics and morphology. However, the impact of the structural features on the protective effects of DIP against metabolic syndrome remains unclear. In this study, three distinct polysaccharide fractions have been extracted from Dictyophora indusiata and a high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) was constructed in mice. The effects of these fractions on a range of MetS-associated endpoints, including abnormal blood glucose, lipid profiles, body fat content, liver function, intestinal microbiota and their metabolites were investigated. Through correlation analysis, the potential link between the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides and their biological activities was determined. The study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms and ameliorative effects of these polysaccharide fractions on MetS, thereby providing statistical evidence for understanding the relationship between monosaccharides composition of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharides and their potential utility in treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Steve W Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Li J, Guo H, Dong Y, Yuan S, Wei X, Zhang Y, Dong L, Wang F, Bai T, Yang Y. Polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine: a review on the hepatoprotective and molecular mechanism. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:4-14. [PMID: 38278558 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, predominantly extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Dendrobium officinale, Ganoderma lucidum, and Poria cocos, represent principal bioactive constituents extensively utilized in Chinese medicine. These compounds have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory capabilities, especially anti-liver injury activities, while exhibiting minimal adverse effects. This review summarized recent studies to elucidate the hepatoprotective efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of these herbal polysaccharides. It underscored the role of these polysaccharides in regulating hepatic function, enhancing immunological responses, and improving antioxidant capacities, thus contributing to the attenuation of hepatocyte apoptosis and liver protection. Analyses of molecular pathways in these studies revealed the intricate and indispensable functions of traditional Chinese herbal polysaccharides in liver injury management. Therefore, this review provides a thorough examination of the hepatoprotective attributes and molecular mechanisms of these medicinal polysaccharides, thereby offering valuable insights for the advancement of polysaccharide-based therapeutic research and their potential clinical applications in liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Haolin Guo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ting Bai
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
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Zhao J, Hu Y, Qian C, Hussain M, Liu S, Zhang A, He R, Sun P. The Interaction between Mushroom Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota and Their Effect on Human Health: A Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010122. [PMID: 36671814 PMCID: PMC9856211 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are a kind of biological macromolecule extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium or fermentation liquid of edible fungi. In recent years, the research on mushroom polysaccharides for alleviating metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancers and other symptoms by changing the intestinal microenvironment has been increasing. Mushroom polysaccharides could promote human health by regulating gut microbiota, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, improving intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating lipid metabolism and activating specific signaling pathways. Notably, these biological activities are closely related to the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and type of the glycosidic bond of mushroom polysaccharide. This review aims to summarize the latest studies: (1) Regulatory effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbiota; (2) The effect of mushroom polysaccharide structure on gut microbiota; (3) Metabolism of mushroom polysaccharides by gut microbiota; and (4) Effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbe-mediated diseases. It provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of mushroom polysaccharides for regulating gut microbiota and gives a reference for developing and utilizing mushroom polysaccharides as promising prebiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shizhu Liu
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rongjun He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
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Zhang L, Qiao HY, Liu HX, Jiang GC, Wang LY, Liu XJ. Antioxidant, hypoglycemic and protection of acute liver injury activities of Ganoderma lucidum spore water extract. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Rehman AU, Khan AI, Xin Y, Liang W. Morchella esculenta polysaccharide attenuate obesity, inflammation and modulate gut microbiota. AMB Express 2022; 12:114. [PMID: 36056976 PMCID: PMC9440975 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have now been suggested as promising sources of biological functional ingredients and are the subject of the most recent nutrition research and novel functional foods. Polysaccharides from mushrooms exhibit impressive biological effects, notably against obesity. Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and hyperpermeability of the colon. Here, we prove that mushrooms Morchella esculenta polysaccharide (MEP) effects on HFD-induced obesity, colonic inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Our findings demonstrate MEP supplementation attenuates obesity parameters and reduces inflammation in the colon via regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, MEP administration restores gut microbiota dysregulation by ameliorating Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes proportion as well as enhancing beneficial bacteria, like Lactobacillus, and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria like Enterococcus. MEP improves gut integrity by increasing tight junction proteins (TJs) and reducing endotoxin levels by controlling Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in HFD-induced obese mice. These results demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of MEP in attenuating HFD-induced obesity via regulating inflammatory cascades, ameliorating the gut microbiome, and modulating gut integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Asif Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Wang Liang
- Clinical Stem cell Research Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Fontes A, Ramalho-Santos J, Zischka H, Azul AM. Mushrooms on the plate: Trends towards NAFLD treatment, health improvement and sustainable diets. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13667. [PMID: 34390493 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a most important cause of liver disease. Similar to other non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity and type II diabetes mellitus, NAFLD can strongly affected by diet. Diet-related NCD and malnutrition are rising in all regions being a major cause of the global health, economic and environmental burdens. Mushrooms, important dietary components since the hunter-gathering communities, have increasingly gained momentum in biomedical research and therapeutics due to their interplay in metabolism traits. We emphasize here the beneficial effects of mushroom-enriched diets on the homeostasis of lipid and sugar metabolism, including their modulation, but also interfering with insulin metabolism, gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms at the gut-liver axis and the liver-white adipose tissue (WAT) axis, that plausibly cause such positive modulation, and discuss the potential of mushroom-enriched diets to prevent or ameliorate NAFLD and related NCD, also within the shift needed towards healthy sustainable diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fontes
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,DCV-Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,DCV-Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anabela Marisa Azul
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Luo H, Tan D, Peng B, Zhang S, Vong CT, Yang Z, Wang Y, Lin Z. The Pharmacological Rationales and Molecular Mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides for the Therapeutic Applications of Multiple Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:53-90. [PMID: 34963429 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile Chinese herb, Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst (G. lucidum) has been applied to treat multiple diseases in clinics and improve the quality of life of patients. Among all of its extracts, the main bioactive components are G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs), which possess many therapeutic effects, such as antitumor, immunoregulatory, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects and neuroprotection activities. This review briefly summarized the recent studies of the pharmacological rationales of GLPs and their underlying molecular signaling transmission mechanisms in treating diseases. Until now, the clear mechanisms of GLPs for treating diseases have not been reported. In this review, we used the keywords of "Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides" and "tumor" to search in PubMed (years of 1992-2020), then screened and obtained 160 targets of antitumor activities in the literatures. The network pharmacology and mechanism framework were employed in this study as powerful approaches to systematically analyze the complicated potential antitumor mechanisms and targets of GLPs in cancer. We then found that there are 69 targets and 21 network pathways in "Pathways in cancer". Besides, we summarized the effects of GLPs and the models and methods used in the research of GLPs. In conclusion, GLPs have been studied extensively, but more in-depth research is still needed to determine the exact mechanisms and pathways. Therefore, this review might provide new insights into the vital targets and pathways for researchers to study the pharmacological mechanisms of GLPs for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Dechao Tan
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zizhao Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1296-1306. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shi X, Cheng W, Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang C, Li M, Zhao D, Wang D, An Q. Exploring the Protective and Reparative Mechanisms of G. lucidum Polysaccharides Against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1481-1496. [PMID: 34703264 PMCID: PMC8525518 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s334527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is one of China's traditional medicinal materials. G. lucidum polysaccharide has a wide range of promising pharmacological applications. However, there are many kinds of G. lucidum and they contain different kinds of polysaccharides. The biological mechanism through which Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) is able to protect human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) from H2O2-induced oxidative damage is still unclear. METHODS Six polysaccharides were obtained from G. lucidum to evaluate their free radical scavenging ability (DPPH free radical, ABTS free radical, hydroxyl-free radical, superoxide anion-free radical) in vitro, and their protective and reparative effects on oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in human skin fibroblasts. One polysaccharide was selected to detect oxidative damage markers and gene expression in the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in HSFs. RESULTS All six polysaccharides showed the ability to scavenge free radicals and enhance the tolerance of human skin fibroblasts to H2O2 damage. Among them, GLP1 was selected and separated into two components (GLP1I and GLP1II). The results showed that GLP1, GLP1I and GLPII could significantly reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The protective effect of GLP1II was stronger than that of positive control vitamin C. In addition, GLP1, GLP1I and GLP1II could significantly increase the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). And GLP1I works best in both ways. Meanwhile, Nrf2, a key regulator of keAP1-NRF2/ARE signaling pathway, was activated, while Keap1, a negative regulator, was inhibited, thus promoting the expression of downstream antioxidant enzyme genes (GSTs, GCLs, Nqo1, and Ho-1). CONCLUSION The results showed that GLP could protect human skin fibroblasts from oxidative damage caused by H2O2 peroxide by enhancing enzyme activity and activating Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. GLP will act as a natural antioxidant to protect the skin from oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Shi
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650000, People’s Republic of China
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Hossain MS, Barua A, Tanim MAH, Hasan MS, Islam MJ, Hossain MR, Emon NU, Hossen SMM. Ganoderma applanatum mushroom provides new insights into the management of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic degeneration: A comprehensive analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4364-4374. [PMID: 34401085 PMCID: PMC8358375 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of methanol and aqueous extracts of Ganoderma applanatum (MEGA, AEGA) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic study was implemented by the induction of alloxan to the rats. The analysis of the hypolipidemic and liver-protective effects of fungus extracts was studied by estimating the lipid profile and the liver marker enzymes. Besides, in silico screening of the compounds of Ganoderma applanatum has been incorporated thus to check the binding affinity of compounds and enzymes affinity. The Discovery Studio 2020, UCSF Chimera, and PyRx AutoDock Vina have been used to implement the docking analysis. Nine days of oral feeding of MEGA and AEGA of Ganoderma applanatum resulted in a significant (p < .001) reduction in blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver marker enzymes. Besides, Myrocin C scored the highest score in the docking study. The biological and computational approaches suggested the MEGA and AEGA could be a potential source for antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anik Barua
- Department of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Sharif Hasan
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jahedul Islam
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Hossain
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Science and Technology ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Science and EngineeringInternational Islamic University ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - S M Moazzem Hossen
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
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12
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Zheng C, Liu T, Liu H, Wang J. Role of BCL-2 Family Proteins in Apoptosis and its Regulation by Nutrients. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:799-806. [PMID: 31880257 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666191227122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the body, millions of cells die and proliferate each day to maintain normal function and cooperation of all tissues, organs, and systems. Thus, programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is critical to sustain growth, development, and body health. The vital role of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins in apoptosis has been identified. The BCL-2 family includes both pro- and antiapoptotic proteins, which are structurally and functionally related, containing up to four BCL-2 homology (BH) motifs (BH1-4). There are also some nutritional factors that regulate apoptosis via the BCL-2 family proteins. In this review, the BCL-2 family proteins and their apoptosis-inducing mechanism have been discussed, along with the nutrient factors that regulate apoptosis through the BCL-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Zeng M, Qi L, Guo Y, Zhu X, Tang X, Yong T, Xie Y, Wu Q, Zhang M, Chen D. Long-Term Administration of Triterpenoids From Ganoderma lucidum Mitigates Age-Associated Brain Physiological Decline via Regulating Sphingolipid Metabolism and Enhancing Autophagy in Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:628860. [PMID: 34025387 PMCID: PMC8134542 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.628860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the aging society, how to grow old healthily has become an important issue for the whole of society. Effective intervention strategies for healthy aging are most desired, due to the complexity and diversity of genetic information, it is a pressing concern to find a single drug or treatment to improve longevity. In this study, long-term administration of triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum (TGL) can mitigate brain physiological decline in normal aging mice. In addition, the age-associated pathological features, including cataract formation, hair loss, and skin relaxation, brown adipose tissue accumulation, the β-galactosidase staining degree of kidney, the iron death of spleen, and liver functions exhibit improvement. We used the APP/PS1 mice and 3 × Tg-AD mice model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) to further verify the improvement of brain function by TGL and found that Ganoderic acid A might be the effective constituent of TGL for anti-aging of the brain in the 3 × Tg-AD mice. A potential mechanism of action may involve the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism, prolonging of telomere length, and enhance autophagy, which allows for the removal of pathological metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longkai Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinrui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Life Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianqiao Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Diling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Sang T, Guo C, Guo D, Wu J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Chen C, Wu K, Na K, Li K, Fang L, Guo C, Wang X. Suppression of obesity and inflammation by polysaccharide from sporoderm-broken spore of Ganoderma lucidum via gut microbiota regulation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Zou YF, Chen M, Fu YP, Zhu ZK, Zhang YY, Paulsen BS, Rise F, Chen YL, Yang YZ, Jia RY, Li LX, Song X, Tang HQ, Feng B, Lv C, Ye G, Wu DT, Yin ZQ, Huang C. Characterization of an antioxidant pectic polysaccharide from Platycodon grandiflorus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:473-480. [PMID: 33571586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Platycodonis Radix is widely used as homology of medicine and food in China; polysaccharides are thought to be one of its functional constituents. In this study, a pectic polysaccharide, PGP-I-I, was obtained from the root of the traditional medicine plant Platycodon grandiflorus through ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. This was characterized being mainly composed of 1,5-α-L-arabinan and both arabinogalactan type I (AG-I) and II chains linked to rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) backbone linked to longer galacturonan chains. In vitro bioactivity study showed that PGP-I-I could restore the intestinal cellular antioxidant defense under the condition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment through promoting the expressions of cellular antioxidant genes and protect against oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Mengsi Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Section Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Area Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zhong-Kai Zhu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yan-Yun Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Area Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yu-Long Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecological Restoration and Conservation on Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China.
| | - Yong-Zhi Yang
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecological Restoration and Conservation on Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Hua-Qiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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16
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Phu HT, Thuan DTB, Nguyen THD, Posadino AM, Eid AH, Pintus G. Herbal Medicine for Slowing Aging and Aging-associated Conditions: Efficacy, Mechanisms and Safety. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:369-393. [PMID: 31418664 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666190715121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging and aging-associated diseases are issues with unsatisfactory answers in the medical field. Aging causes important physical changes which, even in the absence of the usual risk factors, render the cardiovascular system prone to some diseases. Although aging cannot be prevented, slowing down the rate of aging is entirely possible to achieve. In some traditional medicine, medicinal herbs such as Ginseng, Radix Astragali, Ganoderma lucidum, Ginkgo biloba, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum are recognized by the "nourishing of life" and their role as anti-aging phytotherapeutics is increasingly gaining attention. By mainly employing PubMed here we identify and critically analysed 30 years of published studies focusing on the above herbs' active components against aging and aging-associated conditions. Although many plant-based compounds appear to exert an anti-aging effect, the most effective resulted in being flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and polysaccharides, which include astragaloside, ginkgolide, ginsenoside, and gypenoside specifically covered in this review. Their effects as antiaging factors, improvers of cognitive impairments, and reducers of cardiovascular risks are described, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned effects along with their potential safety. Telomere and telomerase, PPAR-α, GLUTs, FOXO1, caspase-3, bcl-2, along with SIRT1/AMPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 pathways appear to be their preferential targets. Moreover, their ability to work as antioxidants and to improve the resistance to DNA damage is also discussed. Although our literature review indicates that these traditional herbal medicines are safe, tolerable, and free of toxic effects, additional well-designed, large-scale randomized control trials need to be performed to evaluate short- and long-term effects and efficacy of these medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa T Phu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Duong T B Thuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Thi H D Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Anna M Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Kanwal S, Aliya S, Xin Y. Anti-Obesity Effect of Dictyophora indusiata Mushroom Polysaccharide (DIP) in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulating Inflammatory Cascades and Intestinal Microbiome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:558874. [PMID: 33329380 PMCID: PMC7717937 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.558874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, hyper-permeability of the gut epithelium, and perturbation of the intestinal microbiome. Despite the numerous therapeutic efficacies of Dictyophora indusiata mushroom, its biological activity in alleviating obesity through regulation of the gut microbiota and inflammatory cascades remain obscure. Henceforth, we determined the modulatory impact of D. indusiata polysaccharide (DIP) in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice model. The experimental subjects (BALB/C mice) were supplemented with chow diet (Control group), high-fat diet (HFD group), or HFD along with DIP at a low dose [HFD + DIP(L)] and high dose [HFD + DIP(H)]. Obesity-related parameters, including body weight gain, epididymal adipocyte size, fat accumulation, adipogenic markers, lipogenic markers, inflammatory associated markers, intestinal integrity, and intestinal microbiome, were elucidated. Our findings demonstrated that the oral administration of DIP at low dose partially and at high dose significantly reversed HFD-induced obesity parameters. Furthermore, the body weight, fat accumulation, adipocyte size, adipogenic and liver associated markers, glucose levels, inflammatory cytokines, and endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) levels were reduced considerably. Moreover, the study revealed that DIP treatment reversed the dynamic alterations of the gut microbiome community by decreasing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. These findings led us to infer the therapeutic potential of DIP in alleviating HFD-induced obesity via regulating inflammatory cascades, modulating intestinal integrity and intestinal microbiome community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Kanwal
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shams Aliya
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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18
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Qian L, Liu H, Li T, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Purification, characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of a polysaccharide AAP–3–1 from Auricularia auricula. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1453-1464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Shaito A, Thuan DTB, Phu HT, Nguyen THD, Hasan H, Halabi S, Abdelhady S, Nasrallah GK, Eid AH, Pintus G. Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:422. [PMID: 32317975 PMCID: PMC7155419 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant health burden with an ever-increasing prevalence. They remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of medicinal herbs continues to be an alternative treatment approach for several diseases including CVDs. Currently, there is an unprecedented drive for the use of herbal preparations in modern medicinal systems. This drive is powered by several aspects, prime among which are their cost-effective therapeutic promise compared to standard modern therapies and the general belief that they are safe. Nonetheless, the claimed safety of herbal preparations yet remains to be properly tested. Consequently, public awareness should be raised regarding medicinal herbs safety, toxicity, potentially life-threatening adverse effects, and possible herb–drug interactions. Over the years, laboratory data have shown that medicinal herbs may have therapeutic value in CVDs as they can interfere with several CVD risk factors. Accordingly, there have been many attempts to move studies on medicinal herbs from the bench to the bedside, in order to effectively employ herbs in CVD treatments. In this review, we introduce CVDs and their risk factors. Then we overview the use of herbs for disease treatment in general and CVDs in particular. Further, data on the ethnopharmacological therapeutic potentials and medicinal properties against CVDs of four widely used plants, namely Ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Ganoderma lucidum, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, are gathered and reviewed. In particular, the employment of these four plants in the context of CVDs, such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, peripheral vascular diseases, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and dyslipidemias has been reviewed, analyzed, and critically discussed. We also endeavor to document the recent studies aimed to dissect the cellular and molecular cardio-protective mechanisms of the four plants, using recently reported in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we reviewed and reported the results of the recent clinical trials that have been conducted using these four medicinal herbs with special emphasis on their efficacy, safety, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Duong Thi Bich Thuan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Thi Phu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hieu Dung Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Hiba Hasan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah Halabi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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20
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Yang X, Lin C, Cai S, Li W, Tang J, Wu X. Therapeutic effects of noni fruit water extract and polysaccharide on oxidative stress and inflammation in mice under high-fat diet. Food Funct 2020; 11:1133-1145. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of noni fruit water extract (NFW) and noni fruit polysaccharide (NFP) on oxidative stress and inflammation in mice under high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yang
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510310
- China
| | - Chunrui Lin
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510310
- China
| | - Shuang Cai
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510310
- China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd
- Xinhui 529156
- China
| | - Jian Tang
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd
- Xinhui 529156
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- School of Food Science
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan 528453
- China
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21
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Tong AJ, Hu RK, Wu LX, Lv XC, Li X, Zhao LN, Liu B. Ganoderma polysaccharide and chitosan synergistically ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and modulate gut microbiota composition in high fat diet-fed golden hamsters. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13109. [PMID: 31793675 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and sucrose intake can lead to hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as disturbed gastrointestinal microbiota and dysfunctional intestinal barrier. In the present study, we showed that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and chitosan (PC) significantly mitigated the hyperlipidemia in HFD-fed hamsters via lowering the contents of serum total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, PC changed the composition of gastrointestinal microbiota and elevated the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as Prevotella, Oscillibacter, and SCFA-producers. Interestingly, we also found that the abundances of Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Bifidobacterium, and Alistipes were negatively associated with serum lipid profiles. Collectively, the above-mentioned findings indicated that PC could improve lipid metabolic disorders, at least in part, by modulating gastrointestinal microbiota, suggesting that PC could be used as a potential lipid-lowering ingredient in functional foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: PC could ameliorate lipid metabolism disorder, at least in part, by regulating specific gut microbiota, suggesting its potential as a novel lipid-lowering ingredient in functional foods. We believed that our findings could be of interest to the readers because they help others further understand the gut microbiota alterations that occurred after PC supplementation in the context of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Tong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Kang Hu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Xiu Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Cong Lv
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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22
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Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Prevent Palmitic Acid-Evoked Apoptosis and Autophagy in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line via Restoration of Mitochondrial Function and Regulation of MAPK and AMPK/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030478. [PMID: 30678035 PMCID: PMC6387170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) extracted from Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst, a traditional Chinese medicine, is a biologically active substance reported to possess anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neurological protection. However, it is unknown whether GLP have any protective effect against high-fat constituents-induced epithelial cell injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the protection and molecular mechanism of GLP on injury induced by palmitic acid (PA) in the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). First, we tested whether the treatment of GLP attenuate PA-induced IPEC-J2 cell death. GLP markedly blocked PA-caused cytotoxicity and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, GLP recovered the decreased mitochondrial function and inhibited activation of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Interestingly, PA promoted cell apoptosis and autophagy through stimulation of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which was reversed by GLP. Taken together, this study revealed a protective effect of GLP against PA-evoked IPEC-J2 cell death through anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic properties.
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23
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Lin Z, Deng A. Antioxidative and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Ganoderma (Lingzhi). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1182:271-297. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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