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Kunno J, Luangwilai T, Pimviriyakul P, Sematong S, Supawattanabodee B, Kuratong S, Robson MG. Active smoking in urban households: An association between urinary cotinine metabolite level and serum eGFR concentration. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-59. [PMID: 38586496 PMCID: PMC10996036 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking stands as a primary contributor to preventable deaths globally and is linked to an increased risk of developing kidney failure and other diseases. A few studies have focused on the negative correlation between serum cotinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), indicating decreased kidney function. This study investigated the associations between urinary cotinine metabolite concentration and serum eGFR among active smokers in urban households. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of active smokers in urban households' community Bangkok, Thailand from January to April 2023. The study involved 85 participants aged ≥18 years who were active smokers. Both urinary cotinine and serum eGFR concentrations were used as biomarkers. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the urinary cotinine metabolite based on differences in the characteristic variable. We used multiple linear regression to test the association between cotinine metabolite and characteristics variables. Spearman's analysis was used to test the correlation between cotinine metabolite and eGFR concentration. RESULTS The association between urinary cotinine metabolite and serum eGFR concentration decreased with increasing cotinine concentrations (r= -0.223, p=0.041), suggesting a decline in kidney function. However, this study found no significant difference between urinary cotinine metabolite and characteristic variables (p>0.05). Additionally, those who smoked for ≥10 years (117.40 ± 89.80 ng/mL), smoked ≥10 cigarettes per day (117.40 ± 89.80 ng/mL) and used conventional cigarettes (124.53 ± 115.10 ng/mL). The results of the multiple linear regression models analysis indicated that those who were smokers for ≥10 years (β=0.076; 95% CI: -31.575-59.715) and those who were smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=0.126; 95% CI: -65.636-18.150) were not associated with urinary cotinine metabolite level. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the urinary cotinine metabolite level is associated with serum eGFR concentration among active smokers in urban households. The current study suggests that clinical identification and a prospective cohort study are needed before robust conclusions about how tobacco affects kidney efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadsada Kunno
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Titaporn Luangwilai
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowanee Sematong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Busaba Supawattanabodee
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sathit Kuratong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
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Palmisano AN, Schwartz EKC, Gueorguieva R, Sofuoglu M. Associations Between Childhood Trauma and Tobacco Use Outcomes in Adults after Overnight Abstinence. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:324-332. [PMID: 37565294 PMCID: PMC10882440 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood trauma is known to be associated with nicotine dependence, yet limited smoking outcomes have been examined and few studies have assessed associations between specific trauma subscales and smoking. Additionally, sex differences in trauma-smoking relations are understudied. This study examined associations between childhood trauma and several smoking-related outcomes in adults who smoke after overnight abstinence. AIMS AND METHODS People who smoke (N = 205) completed self-report and biochemical assessments evaluating childhood trauma, affect, nicotine dependence, smoking urges, withdrawal, and plasma cortisol and cotinine levels. Smoking outcomes were compared between those with and without a history of moderate to severe childhood trauma among the total sample and by sex. RESULTS Relative to those with no to minimal abuse, those with moderate to severe abuse had higher negative affect, withdrawal severity, and plasma cotinine levels. Exploratory analyses revealed that women were more likely than men to have urges to smoke for negative reinforcement and have higher withdrawal severity, but no interactions between abuse group and sex were observed. Examining specific trauma subscales, the moderate to severe emotional abuse group had more severe nicotine dependence, negative affect, and withdrawal compared to the no to minimal group. The moderate to severe sexual abuse group had more severe nicotine dependence and withdrawal compared to the no to minimal group. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with more severe nicotine dependence, negative affect, withdrawal, and higher plasma cotinine levels. Findings also indicate that different types of trauma may differentially affect smoking behaviors. IMPLICATIONS This study of adults who smoke finds that childhood trauma history may be a marker for smoking susceptibility and suggests that individuals with experiences of emotional and sexual abuse may require targeted forms of smoking cessation interventions. Moreover, findings suggest that smoking risks may differ for men and women. Findings inform public health interventions intended to reduce cigarette use in individuals with exposure to childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Palmisano
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth K C Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Kumboyono K, Chomsy IN, Shalshabilla NN, Sujuti H, Srihardyastutie A, Tjahjono CT, Heriansyah T, Wihastuti TA. Nicotine is associated with smoking dependence and vascular inflammation through cotinine: A mediation analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-16. [PMID: 38250634 PMCID: PMC10798223 DOI: 10.18332/tid/171356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main alkaloid component in cigarettes is nicotine. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is capable of causing dependence effects through endless mechanisms modulated by the ion channel nicotinic acetylcholine receptors nAChRs. Nicotine and cotinine can also cause damage to blood vessels through a chronic inflammatory process mediated by the Ligand-Tie2 Angiopoietin Receptor system. Hypoxic conditions that occur due to vascular inflammation cause a decrease in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NO levels and cotinine through the expression of nAChRs that mediate the nicotine dependence mechanism and Tie2 (Tyrosine Kinase 2) expression. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 participants grouped into two groups based on their smoking status: 100 smokers and 100 non-smokers. All participants were men aged 20-40 years with no history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia, and were not currently on medication. According to the parameters used, all blood samples were taken from peripheral blood for analysis using the ELISA kit or Colorimetric Assay Kit. RESULTS Cigarette consumption increases blood cotinine concentrations in smokers and causes dependence by modulating nAChRs. The study indicates an emerging cycle regarding nicotine-cotinine consumption and nAChRs expression. In addition, the data in this study showed a significant relationship (p<0.001) regarding the cycle formed with decreased NO levels as a result of damage caused by Tie2-mediated inflammation. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between NO levels and cotinine through nAChRs, which mediate the nicotine dependence mechanism and Tie2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumboyono Kumboyono
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Indah N. Chomsy
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nadya N. Shalshabilla
- Master Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Department of Biomolecular-Ophtalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya-Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Arie Srihardyastutie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Cholid T. Tjahjono
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya-Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Heriansyah
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Titin A. Wihastuti
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Maher EE, Strzelecki AM, Weafer JJ, Gipson CD. The importance of translationally evaluating steroid hormone contributions to substance use. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 69:101059. [PMID: 36758769 PMCID: PMC10182261 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, women appear to be more susceptible to certain aspects of substance use disorders (SUDs). The steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Pg) have been linked to women-specific drug behaviors. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies investigating how cycling ovarian hormones affect nicotine-, cocaine-, and opioid-related behaviors. We also highlight gaps in the literature regarding how synthetic steroid hormone use may influence drug-related behaviors. In addition, we explore how E2 and Pg are known to interact in brain reward pathways and provide evidence of how these interactions may influence drug-related behaviors. The synthesis of this review demonstrates the critical need to study women-specific factors that may influence aspects of SUDs, which may play important roles in addiction processes in a sex-specific fashion. It is important to understand factors that impact women's health and may be key to moving the field forward toward more efficacious and individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ashley M Strzelecki
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jessica J Weafer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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Cotinine as a Sentinel of Canine Exposure to Tobacco Smoke. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040693. [PMID: 36830480 PMCID: PMC9952721 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The adverse health effects of both active and passive tobacco smoke have been well-known in humans for a long time. It is presumable that even pets, which intimately share the owner's lifestyle, may be exposed to the same risks. This study aimed to detect and quantify cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) in the serum and hair of dogs using a specific commercial ELISA immunoassay kit. A total of 32 dogs, 16 exposed and 16 unexposed to the owner's smoke, were enrolled. The cotinine concentration was higher in the exposed than the unexposed group in both matrices (p < 0.001), with greater values in serum than in hair (p < 0.001). Exposed bitches had higher hair cotinine than male dogs (p < 0.001). Conversely, serum and fur cotinine concentrations were lower in female than male dogs of the unexposed group (p < 0.01). The exposure intensity, age, and weight of the dogs did not affect cotinine concentrations. A cut-off value of 2.78 ng/mL and 1.13 ng/mL cotinine concentration in serum and fur, respectively, was estimated to distinguish between the exposed and unexposed dogs. Cotinine was confirmed as a valuable marker of passive smoking also in dogs. Although owners do not perceive secondhand smoke as a risk for their dogs, greater awareness should be advisable, especially in pregnant animals.
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Philibert R, Dawes K, Moody J, Hoffman R, Sieren J, Long J. Using Cg05575921 methylation to predict lung cancer risk: a potentially bias-free precision epigenetics approach. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2096-2108. [PMID: 35920547 PMCID: PMC9665144 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision to engage in lung cancer screening (LCS) necessitates weighing benefits versus harms. Previously, clinicians in the United States have used the PLCOM2012 algorithm to guide LCS decision-making. However, that formula contains race and gender-based variables. Previously, using data from a European study, Bojesen and colleagues have suggested that cg05575921 methylation could guide decision-making. To test this hypothesis in a more diverse American population, we examined DNA and clinical data from 3081 subjects from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) study. Using survival analysis, we found a simple linear predictor consisting of age, pack-year consumption and cg05575921, to have the best predictive power among several alternatives (AUC = 0.66). Results showed that the highest quartile of risk was more than 2-fold more likely to develop lung cancer than those in the lowest quartile. Race, ethnicity, and gender had no effect on prediction with both cg05575921 and pack years contributing equally (both p < 0.003) to risk prediction. Current smokers had considerably lower methylation than former smokers (46% vs 67%; p < 0.001) with the average methylation of those who quit approaching 80% after 25 years of cessation. Finally, current male smokers had lower mean cg05575921 percentage than female smokers (46% vs 49%; p < 0.001). We conclude that cg05575921 (along with age and pack years) can be used to guide LCS decision-making, and additional studies might focus on how best to use methylation to inform decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Philibert
- Behavioural Diagnostics LLC, Coralville, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kelsey Dawes
- Behavioural Diagnostics LLC, Coralville, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joanna Moody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jessica Sieren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Long
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Branstetter SA, Krebs NM, Muscat JE. Nighttime Waking to Smoke, Stress, and Nicotine Addiction. Behav Sleep Med 2022; 20:706-715. [PMID: 34666564 PMCID: PMC9016098 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1992408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Up to one-half of cigarette smokers may wake up during the night and smoke. This behavior may result in greater likelihood of cessation failure, clinically relevant sleep difficulties, and a range of health issues. Whereas the scientific literature has often attributed this behavior to nicotine dependence, up to 85% of smokers who wake at night and smoke attribute this behavior to factors other than nicotine. This study examines the relations between nicotine dependence, psychological distress, perceived stress, and waking at night to smoke. METHODS A total of 351 adult smokers from the Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study (PASS) completed self-report surveys and provided saliva for the evaluation of cotinine values. Survey instruments included measures of nicotine addiction, perceived stress, a broad measure of global psychological distress, and a range of demographic factors. RESULTS Logistic regression demonstrated that nicotine addiction, psychological distress, and perceived stress were all related to waking at night to smoke, but cotinine levels were not. Mediation models found that psychological distress had a direct relation to waking at night to smoke, even when considering nicotine addiction and other causes of sleep disturbances (e.g., apnea and chronic physical pain). Alternative moderation and mediation models were conducted but did not support other plausible associations between variables. CONCLUSIONS Waking at night to smoke is likely the result of both nicotine dependence and psychological distress. Given that cotinine levels were not associated with waking at night, the mechanisms of how nicotine dependence may affect waking at night need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Branstetter
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicolle M Krebs
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Science, Milton S. Hershey Medical School, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua E. Muscat
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Science, Milton S. Hershey Medical School, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Min JY, Levin J, Weinberger AH. Associations of tobacco cigarette use and dependence with substance use disorder treatment completion by sex/gender and race/ethnicity. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 140:108834. [PMID: 35803029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) are approximately five times more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general population. Individuals who smoke cigarettes have greater odds of SUD relapse compared to individuals who do not smoke cigarettes, but we know little about how cigarette use is related to SUD treatment completion overall by sex/gender or race/ethnicity. METHODS This study examined 2855 adults (71.98 % male; >70 % racial/ethnic minority) in outpatient and residential SUD treatment at a New York-based treatment agency over a six-month period in 2018. RESULTS Overall, approximately three-fourths of SUD treatment-seeking participants smoked cigarettes, with high rates across sex/gender and racial/ethnic groups. Nicotine dependence did not differ by sex/gender, and White Non-Hispanic adults had the highest levels of nicotine dependence across racial/ethnic groups. Those who smoked cigarettes were significantly less likely to complete treatment compared to those who did not smoke cigarettes (OR = 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.58, 0.82). The study found no overall differences in SUD treatment completion and length of stay by sex/gender or race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Given the high prevalence of cigarette smoking and lower odds of completing SUD treatment, the current system of care for SUD treatment may be enhanced by addressing cigarette smoking from onset of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yun Min
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Jacob Levin
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Alasmari F, Alasmari AF, Elzayat E, Alotaibi MM, Alotaibi FM, Attwa MW, Alanazi FK, Abdelgadir EH, Ahmad SR, Alqahtani F, AL-Rejaie SS, Alshammari MA. Nicotine and cotinine quantification after a 4-week inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors in male and female mice using UPLC-MS/MS. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:678-686. [PMID: 35830983 PMCID: PMC9749686 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.7.20220142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To detect the cotinine and nicotine serum concentrations of female and male C57BL/6J mice after a 4-week exposure to electronic (e)-cigarette vapors using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). METHODS This experimental study was carried out at an animal facility and laboratories, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January and August 2020. A 4-week exposure to e-cigarettes was carried out using male and female mice and serum samples were obtained for cotinine and nicotine quantification using UPLC-MS/MS. The chromatographic procedures involved the use of a BEH HSS T3 C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile as a mobile phase and 0.1% formic acid (2:98 v/v). RESULTS The applied methodology has highly efficient properties of detection, estimation, and extraction, where the limit of quantification (LOQ) for nicotine was 0.57 ng/mL and limit of detection (LOD) for nicotine was 0.19 ng/mL, while the LOQ for cotinine was 1.11 ng/mL and LOD for cotinine was 0.38 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient was r2>0.99 for both compounds. The average recovery rate was 101.6±1.33 for nicotine and 100.4±0.54 for cotinine, while the precision and accuracy for cotinine and nicotine were less than 6.1. The serum cotinine level was higher in males (433.7±19.55) than females (362.3±16.27). CONCLUSION This study showed that the gender factor might play a crucial role in nicotine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alasmari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Fawaz Alasmari, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-5892
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehab Elzayat
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Majed M. Alotaibi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Farraj M. Alotaibi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fars K. Alanazi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elkhatim H. Abdelgadir
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahmad
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salim S. AL-Rejaie
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Musaad A. Alshammari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Sosnoff CS, Caron K, Akins JR, Dortch K, Hunter RE, Pine BN, Feng J, Blount BC, Li Y, van Bemmel DM, Kimmel HL, Edwards KC, Goniewicz ML, Hatsukami DK, de Castro BR, Bernert JT, Arnstein S, Borek N, Deng-Bryant Y, Mishina E, Lawrence C, Hyland A, Hecht SS, Conway KP, Pirkle JL, Wang L. Serum Concentrations of Cotinine and Trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine in US Adults: Results From Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:736-744. [PMID: 34897512 PMCID: PMC8962725 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a nationally representative cohort of tobacco product users and nonusers. The study's main purpose is to obtain longitudinal epidemiologic data on tobacco use and exposure among the US population. AIMS AND METHODS Nicotine biomarkers-cotinine (COT) and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (HCT)-were measured in blood samples collected from adult daily tobacco users and nonusers during Wave 1 of the PATH Study (2013-2014; n = 5012; one sample per participant). Participants' tobacco product use and exposure to secondhand smoke were categorized based on questionnaire responses. Nonusers were subdivided into never users and recent former users. Daily tobacco users were classified into seven tobacco product use categories: exclusive users of cigarette, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarette, cigar, pipe, and hookah, as well as polyusers. We calculated sample-weighted geometric mean (GM) concentrations of cotinine, HCT, and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) and evaluated their associations with tobacco use with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS The GMs (95% confidence intervals) of COT and HCT concentrations for daily tobacco users were 196 (184 to 208) and 72.5 (67.8 to 77.4) ng/mL, and for nonusers they were 0.033 (0.028 to 0.037) and 0.021 (0.018 to 0.023) ng/mL. Exclusive smokeless tobacco users had the highest COT concentrations of all user groups examined. The GM NMR in daily users was 0.339 (95% confidence interval: 0.330 to 0.350). CONCLUSIONS These nationally representative estimates of serum nicotine biomarkers could be the basis for reference ranges characterizing nicotine exposure for daily tobacco users and nonusers in the US adult population. IMPLICATIONS This report summarizes the serum nicotine biomarker measurements in Wave 1 of the PATH Study. We are reporting the first estimates of HCT in serum for daily tobacco users and nonusers in the noninstitutionalized, civilian US adult population; the first nationally representative serum COT estimates for daily exclusive users of different tobacco products and daily polyusers; and the first nationally representative estimate of the serum NMR in daily tobacco users by age, race/ethnicity, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie S Sosnoff
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Caron
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Ricky Akins
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin Dortch
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronald E Hunter
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brittany N Pine
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - June Feng
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yao Li
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana M van Bemmel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Heather L Kimmel
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - B Rey de Castro
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John T Bernert
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Arnstein
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicolette Borek
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ying Deng-Bryant
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Elena Mishina
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrew Hyland
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kevin P Conway
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Pirkle
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Parks J, McLean KE, McCandless L, de Souza RJ, Brook JR, Scott J, Turvey SE, Mandhane PJ, Becker AB, Azad MB, Moraes TJ, Lefebvre DL, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Takaro TK. Assessing secondhand and thirdhand tobacco smoke exposure in Canadian infants using questionnaires, biomarkers, and machine learning. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:112-123. [PMID: 34175887 PMCID: PMC8770125 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As smoking prevalence has decreased in Canada, particularly during pregnancy and around children, and technological improvements have lowered detection limits, the use of traditional tobacco smoke biomarkers in infant populations requires re-evaluation. OBJECTIVE We evaluated concentrations of urinary nicotine biomarkers, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC), and questionnaire responses. We used machine learning and prediction modeling to understand sources of tobacco smoke exposure for infants from the CHILD Cohort Study. METHODS Multivariable linear regression models, chosen through a combination of conceptual and data-driven strategies including random forest regression, assessed the ability of questionnaires to predict variation in urinary cotinine and 3HC concentrations of 2017 3-month-old infants. RESULTS Although only 2% of mothers reported smoking prior to and throughout their pregnancy, cotinine and 3HC were detected in 76 and 89% of the infants' urine (n = 2017). Questionnaire-based models explained 31 and 41% of the variance in cotinine and 3HC levels, respectively. Observed concentrations suggest 0.25 and 0.50 ng/mL as cut-points in cotinine and 3HC to characterize SHS exposure. This cut-point suggests that 23.5% of infants had moderate or regular smoke exposure. SIGNIFICANCE Though most people make efforts to reduce exposure to their infants, parents do not appear to consider the pervasiveness and persistence of secondhand and thirdhand smoke. More than half of the variation in urinary cotinine and 3HC in infants could not be predicted with modeling. The pervasiveness of thirdhand smoke, the potential for dermal and oral routes of nicotine exposure, along with changes in public perceptions of smoking exposure and risk warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Parks
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diana L Lefebvre
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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12
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Yimsaard P, McNeill A, Yong HH, Cummings KM, Chung-Hall J, Hawkins SS, Quah ACK, Fong GT, O'Connor RJ, Hitchman SC. Gender Differences in Reasons for Using Electronic Cigarettes and Product Characteristics: Findings From the 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:678-686. [PMID: 32996566 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about why males are more likely to use electronic cigarettes (ECs) compared with females. This study examined gender differences in reasons for vaping and characteristics of EC used (device type, device capacity, e-liquid nicotine strength, and flavor). METHODS Data were obtained from 3938 current (≥18 years) at-least-weekly EC users who participated in Wave 2 (2018) ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey in Canada, the United States, England, and Australia. RESULTS Of the sample, 54% were male. The most commonly cited reasons for vaping in females were "less harmful to others" (85.8%) and in males were "less harmful than cigarettes" (85.5%), with females being more likely to cite "less harmful to others" (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.64, p = .001) and "help cut down on cigarettes" (aOR = 1.60, p = .001) than males. Significant gender differences were found in EC device type used (χ 2 = 35.05, p = .043). Females were less likely to report using e-liquids containing >20 mg/mL of nicotine, and tank devices with >2 mL capacity (aOR = 0.41, p < .001 and aOR = 0.65, p = .026, respectively) than males. There was no significant gender difference in use of flavored e-liquids, with fruit being the most common flavor for both males (54.5%) and females (50.2%). CONCLUSION There were some gender differences in reasons for vaping and characteristics of the product used. Monitoring of gender differences in patterns of EC use would be useful to inform outreach activities and interventions for EC use. IMPLICATIONS Our findings provide some evidence of gender differences in reasons for vaping and characteristics of EC used. The most common reason for vaping reported by females was "less harmful to others," which may reflect greater concern by female vapers about the adverse effects of secondhand smoke compared with male vapers. Gender differences might be considered when designing gender-sensitive smoking cessation policies. Regarding characteristics of EC products used, we found gender differences in preferences for e-liquid nicotine strength and device capacity. Further studies should examine whether the observed gender differences in EC use reasons and product characteristics are predictive of smoking cessation. Furthermore, studies monitoring gender-based marketing of ECs may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongkwan Yimsaard
- Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ann McNeill
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,UK Center for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK
| | - Hua-Hie Yong
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Janet Chung-Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Summer Sherburne Hawkins
- Boston College, School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ann C K Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard J O'Connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sara C Hitchman
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,UK Center for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK
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13
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Branstetter SA, Krebs N, Muscat JE. Household Smoking Restrictions, Time to First Cigarette and Tobacco Dependence. J Smok Cessat 2021; 2021:5517773. [PMID: 34306221 PMCID: PMC8279187 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5517773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental factors, such as household smoking restrictions (HSR), may impact a range of smoking-related outcomes. The current study examined the effects of various levels of HSR on smoking behaviors, including the number of cigarettes smoked per day and levels of nicotine dependence in a population of adult smokers. (1) Having specific HSR reduces the urges to smoke (path A); (2) having specific HSR reduces CPD (path B); (3) having specific HSR results in lower overall nicotine addiction (path C), and later, TTFC will be associated with (4) lower urges to smoke in the morning (path A'), (5) fewer CPD (path B'), and (6) lower levels of nicotine addiction (path C'). METHOD Regression models using self-reported data from the Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study (N = 353) were used. TTFC was measured minutes between waking and the first cigarette of the day. Household smoking restrictions were measured as follows: (1) full ban on smoking in the home, (2) partial ban, or (3) no ban. RESULTS Subjects with no household smoking restrictions had lower incomes and education than those with at least some household smoking restrictions; those with full bans smoked less and had an earlier TTFC than those with at least some household smoking restrictions. Smokers with a full ban had a later TTFC, mediated by fewer cigarettes per day and lower cravings. Among those with partial bans, there is no reduction in cigarettes per day and an increase in urges to smoke. CONCLUSIONS Partial household smoking restrictions are no better than no household smoking restrictions with regard to cigarettes per day and TTFC, and may cause an increase in urges to smoke in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Branstetter
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park State College, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicolle Krebs
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joshua E. Muscat
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Science, Milton S. Hershey Medical School, Pennsylvania State University, University Park College State, PA, USA
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14
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Northrup TF, Stotts AL, Suchting R, Khan AM, Green C, Klawans MR, Quintana PJE, Hoh E, Hovell MF, Matt GE. Thirdhand Smoke Contamination and Infant Nicotine Exposure in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:373-382. [PMID: 32866238 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thirdhand smoke (THS) is ultrafine particulate matter and residue resulting from tobacco combustion, with implications for health-related harm (eg, impaired wound healing), particularly among hospitalized infants. Project aims were to characterize nicotine (THS proxy) transported on neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) visitors and deposited on bedside furniture, as well as infant exposure. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from participants in a metropolitan NICU. Participants completed a survey and carbon monoxide breath sample, and 41.9% (n = 88) of participants (n = 210) were randomly selected for finger-nicotine wipes during a study phase when all bedside visitors were screened for nicotine use and finger-nicotine levels. During an overlapping study phase, 80 mother-infant dyads consented to bedside furniture-nicotine wipes and an infant urine sample (for cotinine analyses). RESULTS Most nonstaff visitors' fingers had nicotine above the limit of quantification (>LOQ; 61.9%). Almost all bedside furniture surfaces (93.8%) and infant cotinine measures (93.6%) had values >LOQ, regardless of household nicotine use. Participants who reported using (or lived with others who used) nicotine had greater furniture-nicotine contamination (Mdn = 0.6 [interquartile range, IQR = 0.2-1.6] µg/m2) and higher infant cotinine (Mdn = 0.09 [IQR = 0.04-0.25] ng/mL) compared to participants who reported no household-member nicotine use (Mdn = 0.5 [IQR = 0.2-0.7] µg/m2; Mdn = 0.04 [IQR = 0.03-0.07] ng/mL, respectively). Bayesian univariate regressions supported hypotheses that increased nicotine use/exposure correlated with greater nicotine contamination (on fingers/furniture) and infant THS exposure. CONCLUSIONS Potential furniture-contamination pathways and infant-exposure routes (eg, dermal) during NICU hospitalization were identified, despite hospital prohibitions on tobacco/nicotine use. This work highlights the surreptitious spread of nicotine and potential THS-related health risks to vulnerable infants during critical stages of development. IMPLICATIONS THS contamination is underexplored in medical settings. Infants who were cared for in the NICU are vulnerable to health risks from THS exposure. This study demonstrated that 62% of nonstaff NICU visitors transport nicotine on their fingers to the NICU. Over 90% of NICU (bedside) furniture was contaminated with nicotine, regardless of visitors' reported household-member nicotine use or nonuse. Over 90% of infants had detectable levels of urinary cotinine during NICU hospitalizations. Results justify further research to better protect infants from unintended THS exposure while hospitalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Northrup
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Angela L Stotts
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Robert Suchting
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Amir M Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Charles Green
- Department of Pediatrics, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, UTHealth, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Michelle R Klawans
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | | | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Georg E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
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15
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Butler K, Chenoweth MJ, El-Boraie A, Giratallah H, Kowalczyk WJ, Heishman SJ, Tyndale RF, Le Foll B. Impact of CYP2A6 Activity on Nicotine Reinforcement and Cue-Reactivity in Daily Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1735-1743. [PMID: 33823003 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variation in CYP2A6, the primary enzyme responsible for nicotine metabolism, is associated with nicotine dependence, cigarette consumption, and abstinence outcomes in smokers. The impact of CYP2A6 activity on nicotine reinforcement and tobacco cue-reactivity, mechanisms that may contribute to these previous associations, has not been fully evaluated. AIMS AND METHODS CYP2A6 activity was indexed using 3 genetic approaches in 104 daily smokers completing forced-choice and cue-induced craving tasks assessing nicotine reinforcement and tobacco cue-reactivity, respectively. First, smokers were stratified by the presence or absence of reduced/loss-of-function CYP2A6 gene variants (normal vs. reduced metabolizers). As nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) is a reliable biomarker of CYP2A6 activity, our second and third approaches used additional genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies of NMR to create a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) to stratify smokers (fast vs. slow metabolizers) and calculate a wGRS-derived NMR. RESULTS Controlling for race and sex, normal metabolizers (vs. reduced) selected a greater proportion of puffs from nicotine-containing cigarettes (vs. denicotinized) on the forced-choice task (p = .031). In confirmatory analyses, wGRS-based stratification (fast vs. slow metabolizers) produced similar findings. Additionally, wGRS-derived NMR, which correlated with actual NMR assessed in a subset of participants (n = 55), was positively associated with the proportion of puffs from nicotine-containing cigarettes controlling for race and sex (p = .015). None of the CYP2A6 indices were associated with tobacco cue-reactivity in minimally deprived smokers. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest increased nicotine reinforcement is exhibited by smokers with high CYP2A6 activity, which may contribute to heavier smoking and poorer cessation outcomes previously reported in faster metabolizers. IMPLICATIONS CYP2A6 activity is a key determinant of smoking behavior and outcomes. Therefore, these findings support the targeting of CYP2A6 activity, either therapeutically or as a clinically relevant biomarker in a precision medicine approach, for tobacco use disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Butler
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan J Chenoweth
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Boraie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haidy Giratallah
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William J Kowalczyk
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychology, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J Heishman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Acute Care Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Weidberg S, González-Roz A, García-Fernández G, Secades-Villa R. Activation level as a mediator between behavioral activation, sex, and depression among treatment-seeking smokers. Addict Behav 2021; 114:106715. [PMID: 33131968 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioral activation (BA) has gained interest when combined with tobacco interventions as it relates to improved depression and cessation rates. However, no prior efforts have examined mediators of BA effectiveness and sex-dependent effects. This secondary analysis assesses the main and interactive effects of sex and type of smoking cessation intervention [a cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) only, or CBT + BA] on depressive symptoms among treatment-seeking patients with depression. It also examines the activation level as a mediator between BA, BA by sex, and depression. METHOD 120 smokers were assigned to an 8-week CBT or to CBT + BA. They completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Behavioral Activation for Depression scale-short-form (BADS-SF). A two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of sex and treatment condition on participants' BDI-II scores. A moderated mediational analysis tested whether the indirect effect of treatment condition on BDI-II through BADS-SF differed by sex. RESULTS After controlling for end-of-treatment smoking status and baseline BDI-II, there were no significant effects of treatment condition, sex, and their interaction on end-of-treatment BDI-II. Being a male was indirectly associated with higher BDI-II scores through lower BADS-SF score (point estimate = -3.440; SE = 1.637; BC 95% CI [-7.105, -0.749]). This effect was not found for women. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to tailor interventions by sex when treating smokers with depression. It is recommended to assess symptoms such as mental rumination or self-consciousness, which tend to be more pronounced in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Weidberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Alba González-Roz
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Secades-Villa
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
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17
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Bano S, Hamid SB, Sajid F, Sharif H. Gender-Based Effects of Chronic Nicotine Administration on Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis and Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase Activity in Rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.32527/2021/101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samina Bano
- Clinical Biochemistry and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi - 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sumaiya Binte Hamid
- Clinical Biochemistry and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi - 75270, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Sajid
- Clinical Biochemistry and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi - 75270, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Sharif
- Clinical Biochemistry and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi - 75270, Pakistan
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Blank MD, Pearson J, Cobb CO, Felicione NJ, Hiler MM, Spindle TR, Breland A. What factors reliably predict electronic cigarette nicotine delivery? Tob Control 2020; 29:644-651. [PMID: 31685583 PMCID: PMC8029495 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) to deliver nicotine effectively may be dependent on features of the device, the liquid and the user. Some of these features have been examined in previous work (eg, liquid nicotine concentration and puff topography), while others have not (eg, nicotine dependence and demographic characteristics). The purpose of this secondary analysis is to examine such features as predictors of e-cigarette nicotine delivery using a relatively large sample. METHODS Four studies were combined in which e-cigarette-experienced users (n=63; 89% men; 75% white) and e-cigarette-naïve cigarette smokers (n=67; 66% men; 54% white) took 10 puffs from an eGo-style e-cigarette (~7.3 watts) filled with liquid that had a nicotine concentration of 18, 25 or 36 mg/mL. Thus, held constant across all studies were device features of battery/cartomiser style and power level and the topography parameters of puff number and interpuff interval. Blood was sampled before and after use, and puff topography was measured. Three general linear models were conducted to predict plasma nicotine concentrations (pre-post increase) for: (1) e-cigarette users only, (2) smokers only and (3) both groups combined. Predictor variables included puff duration, puff volume, liquid nicotine concentration, presession plasma nicotine concentration, nicotine dependence score (smokers only), gender and race. RESULTS In all models tested, longer puff durations and higher liquid nicotine concentrations were associated significantly with increased nicotine delivery (ps<0.05). For e-cigarette users only, higher presession nicotine concentration was associated significantly with increased nicotine delivery (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Puff duration and liquid nicotine concentration may be among the more important factors to consider as regulators attempt to balance e-cigarette safety with efficacy. These findings should be interpreted in the context of devices with relatively low power output, a variable not studied here but likely also directly relevant to product regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Blank
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer Pearson
- Division of Social and Behavioral Science/Health Administration and Policy, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline O Cobb
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicholas J Felicione
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Marzena M Hiler
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Tory R Spindle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison Breland
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Eissenberg T. Puffing topography and physiological responses in men and women with low versus high waterpipe dependence during smoking: The WiHi Irbid project. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:108037. [PMID: 32417361 PMCID: PMC9271691 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe smoking is spreading worldwide, and it is associated with many adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of waterpipe smoking puffing topography, and related physiological measures, with both gender and level of dependence on waterpipe. METHOD Exclusive waterpipe smokers were asked to smoke a single waterpipe session in a specialized laboratory while their smoking topography, and in-breath CO level were recorded pre- and post- smoking. Waterpipe dependence was measured using the LWDS-11 scale. RESULTS In the high dependence group, the total number of puffs, was greater in men than women. In addition, the average flow rate was greater in men with high compared to low dependence. For inter-puffing intervals, greater values were recorded in men and women with low versus high dependence. No other differences were found between the subgroups in total session time, average puff duration, average puff volume, and maximum flow rate. Pre-smoking CO content and CO boost were greater in men versus women in both dependence groups. Post-smoking CO content was greater in women with high versus low dependence, whereas it was lower in women versus men with low dependence. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate several effects for waterpipe smoking dependence on smoking topography. Many of these differences were gender dependent with men having higher exposure than women in most aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alomari
- Department of Physical Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Siegel SD, Lerman C, Flitter A, Schnoll RA. The Use of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio as a Biomarker to Personalize Smoking Cessation Treatment: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:261-272. [PMID: 32132120 PMCID: PMC7080293 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a genetically informed biomarker of rate of nicotine metabolism, has been validated as a tool to select the optimal treatment for individual smokers, thereby improving treatment outcomes. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the development of the NMR as a biomarker of individual differences in nicotine metabolism, the relationship between the NMR and smoking behavior, the clinical utility of using the NMR to personalize treatments for smoking cessation, and the potential mechanisms that underlie the relationship between NMR and smoking cessation. We conclude with a call for additional research necessary to determine the ultimate benefits of using the NMR to personalize treatments for smoking cessation. These future directions include measurement and other methodologic considerations, disseminating this approach to at-risk subpopulations, expanding the NMR to evaluate its efficacy in predicting treatment responses to e-cigarettes and other noncigarette forms of nicotine, and implementation science including cost-effectiveness analyses.See all articles in this Special Collection Honoring Paul F. Engstrom, MD, Champion of Cancer Prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Siegel
- Value Institute and Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware.
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alex Flitter
- Department of Psychiatry and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert A Schnoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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21
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Jain RB. Concentrations of urine cotinine and hydroxycotinine among US children, adolescents, and adults: data from NHANES 2013–2014. Biomarkers 2019; 24:757-763. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1684563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Smoking Topography among Korean Smokers: Intensive Smoking Behavior with Larger Puff Volume and Shorter Interpuff Interval. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15051024. [PMID: 29783674 PMCID: PMC5982063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The difference of smoker’s topography has been found to be a function many factors, including sex, personality, nicotine yield, cigarette type (i.e., flavored versus non-flavored) and ethnicity. We evaluated the puffing behaviors of Korean smokers and its association with smoking-related biomarker levels. A sample of 300 participants was randomly recruited from metropolitan areas in South Korea. Topography measures during a 24-hour period were obtained using a CReSS pocket device. Korean male smokers smoked two puffs less per cigarette compared to female smokers (15.0 (13.0–19.0) vs. 17.5 (15.0–21.0) as the median (Interquartile range)), but had a significantly larger puff volume (62.7 (52.7–75.5) mL vs. 53.5 (42.0–64.2) mL); p = 0.012). The interpuff interval was similar between men and women (8.9 (6.5–11.2) s vs. 8.3 (6.2–11.0) s; p = 0.122) but much shorter than other study results. A dose-response association (p = 0.0011) was observed between daily total puff volumes and urinary cotinine concentrations, after controlling for sex, age, household income level and nicotine addiction level. An understanding of the difference of topography measures, particularly the larger puff volume and shorter interpuff interval of Korean smokers, may help to overcome a potential underestimation of internal doses of hazardous byproducts of smoking.
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