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Qiao YS, Blackwell TL, Cawthon PM, Coen PM, Cummings SR, Distefano G, Farsijani S, Forman DE, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, Mau T, Toledo FGS, Newman AB, Glynn NW. Associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle energetics: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:621-630. [PMID: 38341136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age, and physical activity (PA) has been shown to offset these declines in older adults. Yet, many studies reporting these effects were based on self-reported PA or structured exercise interventions. Therefore, we examined the associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported PA and sedentary behavior (SB) with skeletal muscle energetics and explored the extent to which PA and sedentary behavior would attenuate the associations of age with muscle energetics. METHODS As part of the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging, enrolled older adults (n = 879), 810 (age = 76.4 ± 5.0 years old, mean ± SD; 58% women) had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution respirometry of permeabilized myofibers (maximal oxidative phosphorylation (maxOXPHOS)) and in vivo by 31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (maximal adenosine triphosphate (ATPmax)). Accelerometry-measured sedentary behavior, light activity, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7 days. Self-reported sedentary behavior, MVPA, and all PA were assessed with the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire. Linear regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations of sedentary behavior and PA with muscle energetics, as well as the attenuation of the age/muscle energetics association by MVPA and sedentary behavior. As a sensitivity analysis, we also examined activPAL-measured daily step count and time spent in sedentary behavior and their associations with muscle energetics. RESULTS Every 30 min/day more of ActiGraph-measured MVPA was associated with 0.65 pmol/(s × mg) higher maxOXPHOS and 0.012 mM/s higher ATPmax after adjusting for age, site/technician, and sex (p < 0.05). Light activity was not associated with maxOXPHOS or ATPmax. Meanwhile, every 30 min/day spent in ActiGraph-measured sedentary behavior was associated with 0.39 pmol/s × mg lower maxOXPHOS and 0.006 mM/s lower ATPmax (p < 0.05). Only associations with ATPmax held after further adjusting for socioeconomic status, body mass index, lifestyle factors, and multimorbidity. CHAMPS MVPA and all PA yielded similar associations with maxOXPHOS and ATPmax (p < 0.05), but sedentary behavior did not. Higher activPAL step count was associated with higher maxOXHPOS and ATPmax (p < 0.05), but time spent in sedentary behavior was not. Additionally, age was significantly associated with muscle energetics for men only (p < 0.05); adjusting for time spent in ActiGraph-measured MVPA attenuated the age association with ATPmax by 58% in men. CONCLUSION More time spent in accelerometry-measured or self-reported daily PA, especially MVPA, was associated with higher skeletal muscle energetics. Interventions aimed specifically at increasing higher intensity activity might offer potential therapeutic interventions to slow age-related decline in muscle energetics. Our work also emphasizes the importance of taking PA into consideration when evaluating associations related to skeletal muscle energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Susanna Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Terri L Blackwell
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Samaneh Farsijani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Cardiology), University of Pittsburgh; and Geriatrics, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Frederico G S Toledo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Ungvari Z, Kunutsor SK. Coffee consumption and cardiometabolic health: a comprehensive review of the evidence. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01262-5. [PMID: 38963648 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of longitudinal observational and interventional studies on the cardiometabolic effects of coffee consumption. It explores biological mechanisms, and clinical and policy implications, and highlights gaps in the evidence while suggesting future research directions. It also reviews evidence on the causal relationships between coffee consumption and cardiometabolic outcomes from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Findings indicate that while coffee may cause short-term increases in blood pressure, it does not contribute to long-term hypertension risk. There is limited evidence indicating that coffee intake might reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Furthermore, coffee consumption is consistently linked with reduced risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), showing dose-response relationships. The relationship between coffee and cardiovascular disease is complex, showing potential stroke prevention benefits but ambiguous effects on coronary heart disease. Moderate coffee consumption, typically ranging from 1 to 5 cups per day, is linked to a reduced risk of heart failure, while its impact on atrial fibrillation remains inconclusive. Furthermore, coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, following a U-shaped pattern, with the largest risk reduction observed at moderate consumption levels. Except for T2D and CKD, MR studies do not robustly support a causal link between coffee consumption and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. The potential beneficial effects of coffee on cardiometabolic health are consistent across age, sex, geographical regions, and coffee subtypes and are multi-dimensional, involving antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, lipid-modulating, insulin-sensitizing, and thermogenic effects. Based on its beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health and fundamental biological processes involved in aging, moderate coffee consumption has the potential to contribute to extending the healthspan and increasing longevity. The findings underscore the need for future research to understand the underlying mechanisms and refine health recommendations regarding coffee consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College/Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK.
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Saint Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
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3
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Plaza-Florido A, Pérez-Prieto I, Lucia A. The aging lipidome: exercise is medicine. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00164-3. [PMID: 38918116 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms behind the potential 'anti-aging' effects of exercise remain to be elucidated. Janssens et al. studied the lipidome of different mouse tissues and human skeletal muscle. They identified an evolutionary conserved 'lipid aging' signature, characterized by bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate accumulation, which, at the muscle level, can be attenuated by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Plaza-Florido
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
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Kunutsor SK, Kaminsky LA, Lehoczki A, Laukkanen JA. Unraveling the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer: a state-of-the-art review. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01222-z. [PMID: 38831183 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) not only reflects an individual's capacity to perform physical activities but also encapsulates broader effects on the basic biology of aging. This review aims to summarize the evidence on the influence of CRF on overall and site-specific cancer risks. It delves into the biological mechanisms through which CRF may exert its effects, explores the clinical implications of these findings, identifies gaps in the current evidence base, and suggests directions for future research. The synthesis of findings reveals that higher CRF levels (general threshold of > 7 METs) are consistently associated with a reduced risk of a range of cancers, including head and neck, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, particularly pancreatic and colorectal, bladder, overall cancer incidence and mortality, and potentially stomach and liver, bile duct, and gall bladder cancers. These inverse associations between CRF and cancer risk do not generally differ across age groups, sex, race, or adiposity, suggesting a universal protective effect of CRF. Nonetheless, evidence linking CRF with skin, mouth and pharynx, kidney, and endometrial cancers is limited and inconclusive. Conversely, higher CRF levels may be potentially linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer and hematological malignancies, such as leukemia and myeloma, although the evidence is still not conclusive. CRF appears to play a significant role in reducing the risk of several cancers through various biological mechanisms, including inflammation reduction, immune system enhancement, hormonal regulation, and metabolic improvements. Overall, enhancing CRF through regular physical activity offers a vital, accessible strategy for reducing cancer risk and extending the health span. Future research should aim to fill the existing evidence gaps regarding specific cancers and elucidate the detailed dose-response relationships between CRF levels and cancer risk. Studies are also needed to elucidate the causal relationships and mechanistic pathways linking CRF to cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK.
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Leite PLDA, Maciel LA, da Silva Aguiar S, Sousa CV, Neves RVP, de Sousa Neto IV, Campbell Simões L, Rosa TDS, Simões HG. Systemic Sirtuin 1 as a Potential Target to Mediate Interactions Between Body Fat and Testosterone Concentration in Master Athletes. J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:438-445. [PMID: 38417433 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that master athletes have higher concentration of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), lower body fat (BF), and greater activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in comparison to untrained peers. However, no published data have demonstrated possible mediation effect of Sirt1 in the interaction of BF and testosterone in this population. Therefore, this study compared and verified possible associations between Sirt1, BF, fat mass index (FMI), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone/luteinizing hormone (T/LH) ratio in middle-aged master athletes (n = 54; 51.22 ± 7.76 years) and control middle-aged peers (n = 21; 47.76 ± 8.47 years). Venous blood was collected for testosterone, LH, and Sirt1. BF was assessed through skinfold protocol. Although LH concentration did not differ between groups, master athletes presented higher concentration of Sirt1, testosterone, and T/LH ratio, and lower BF and FMI in relation to age-matched nonathletes. Moreover, Sirt1 correlated positively with testosterone and T/LH ratio, negatively with BF, and was not significantly correlated with LH (mediation analysis revealed the effect of BF on testosterone is mediated by Sirt1 and vice versa; R2 = .1776; p = .032). In conclusion, master athletes have higher testosterone, T/LH ratio, and Sirt1, and lower BF and FMI in relation to untrained peers. Furthermore, Sirt1 was negatively associated with BF and positively associated with testosterone and T/LH ratio. These findings suggest that increased circulating Sirt1, possibly due to the master athlete's training regimens and lifestyle, exhibits a potential mediation effect on the interaction between endocrine function and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Lopes de Araújo Leite
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Maciel
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Physical Education Department, University Centre of the Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Department of Health and Human Sciences, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity, Health, and Human Performance, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
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6
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He Y, Yang W, Huang L, Mever MA, Ramautar R, Harms A, Rijksen Y, Brandt RM, Barnhoorn S, Smit K, Jaarsma D, Lindenburg P, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Vermeij WP, Hankemeier T. Metabolomic analysis of dietary-restriction-induced attenuation of sarcopenia in prematurely aging DNA repair-deficient mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:868-882. [PMID: 38689513 PMCID: PMC11154776 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, and is a major risk factor for disability and independence in the elderly. Effective medication is not available. Dietary restriction (DR) has been found to attenuate aging and aging-related diseases, including sarcopenia, but the mechanism of both DR and sarcopenia are incompletely understood. METHODS In this study, mice body weight, fore and all limb grip strength, and motor learning and coordination performance were first analysed to evaluate the DR effects on muscle functioning. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was utilized for the metabolomics study of the DR effects on sarcopenia in progeroid DNA repair-deficient Ercc1∆/- and Xpg-/- mice, to identify potential biomarkers for attenuation of sarcopenia. RESULTS Muscle mass was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased (13-20%) by DR; however, the muscle quality was improved with retained fore limbs and all limbs grip strength in Ercc1∆/- and Xpg-/- mice. The LC-MS results revealed that metabolites and pathways related to oxidative-stress, that is, GSSG/GSH (P < 0.01); inflammation, that is, 9-HODE, 11-HETE (P < 0.05), PGE2, PGD2, and TXB2 (P < 0.01); and muscle growth (PGF2α) (P < 0.01) and regeneration stimulation (PGE2) (P < 0.05) are significantly downregulated by DR. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory indicator and several related metabolites, that is, β-hydroxybutyrate (P < 0.01), 14,15-DiHETE (P < 0.0001), 8,9-EET, 12,13-DiHODE, and PGF1 (P < 0.05); consumption of sources of energy (i.e., muscle and liver glycogen); and energy production pathways, that is, glycolysis (glucose, glucose-6-P, fructose-6-P) (P < 0.01), tricarboxylic acid cycle (succinyl-CoA, malate) (P < 0.001), and gluconeogenesis-related metabolite, alanine (P < 0.01), are significantly upregulated by DR. The notably (P < 0.01) down-modulated muscle growth (PGF2α) and regeneration (PGE2) stimulation metabolite and the increased consumption of glycogen in muscle and liver may be related to the significantly (P < 0.01) lower body weight and muscle mass by DR. The downregulated oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediators, and upregulated anti-inflammatory metabolites resulted in a lower energy expenditure, which contributed to enhanced muscle quality together with upregulated energy production pathways by DR. The improved muscle quality may explain why grip strength is maintained and motor coordination and learning performance are improved by DR in Ercc1∆/- and Xpg-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This study provides fundamental supporting information on biomarkers and pathways related to the attenuation of sarcopenia, which might facilitate its diagnosis, prevention, and clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng He
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Wei Yang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Luojiao Huang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Marlien Admiraal‐van Mever
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Amy Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Rijksen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Renata M.C. Brandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Smit
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Dick Jaarsma
- Department of NeuroscienceErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Lindenburg
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Research Group Metabolomics, Leiden Center for Applied BioscienceUniversity of Applied Sciences LeidenLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
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Walzik D, Wences Chirino TY, Zimmer P, Joisten N. Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:138. [PMID: 38806473 PMCID: PMC11133400 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Several exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose, and liver tissue. These signaling molecules, which are collectively termed exerkines, form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances, mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue adaption. Numerous scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such properties. Additionally, some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes. A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and disease. Herein, we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various diseases. By emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research, we provide a comprehensive overview of (i) the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion, (ii) the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption, and (iii) the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tiffany Y Wences Chirino
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute for Sport Science, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Buddenbaum CV, Recht GO, Rodriguez AK, Newman SD, Kawata K. Associations between repetitive head impact exposure and midlife mental health wellbeing in former amateur athletes. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1383614. [PMID: 38863610 PMCID: PMC11165143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1383614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Repetitive head impacts (RHI) have been suggested to increase the risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease, and many of these individuals develop a preceding mental health diagnosis. Given the lack of studies among amateur athletes, this study aimed to examine mental health outcomes in middle-aged amateur athletes who have been exposed to RHI through contact sport participation. Methods This is a single site, cohort study involving former amateur athletes aged between 30 and 60 with at least 10 years of organized contact or non-contact sport participation. All participants completed demographic and mental health questionnaires. Mental health outcomes included symptoms related to depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), and aggression. Self-reported data on mental health diagnoses and associated prescription were elicited and used to estimate odds ratios (OR). Results Data from 41 contact athletes and 22 age/sex-matched non-contact athletes were available for analysis. The contact group exhibited a 2.25-fold higher likelihood of being diagnosed with mental health disorders and 1.29-fold higher likelihood of using associated medications compared to the non-contact group. The contact group reported significantly higher PTSD-related symptoms [4.61 (0.03,9.2), p=0.05] compared to the non-contact control group. While not statistically significant, the contact group showed increased depressive [2.37 (0.05, 4.79), p=0.07] and ADHD symptoms [4.53 (0.51, 9.57), p=0.08] compared to controls. In a secondary analysis, a distinct trend emerged within the contact group, revealing pronounced elevations in mental health symptoms among individuals with lower socioeconomic status (<$50,000/year) compared to higher income subgroups, and these symptoms decreased as income levels rose [depression: -3.08 (-4.47, -1.7), p<0.001; anxiety: -1.95 (-3.15, -0.76), p=0.002; ADHD: -4.99 (-8.28, -1.69), p=0.004; PTSD: -4.42 (-7.28, -1.57), p=0.003; aggression: -6.19 (-11.02, -1.36), p=0.01]. This trend was absent in the non-contact control group. Discussion Our data suggest that even individuals at the amateur level of contact sports have an increased likelihood of being diagnosed with mental health disorders or experiencing mental health symptoms compared to non-contact athletes. Our findings indicate that socioeconomic status may have an interactive effect on individuals' mental health, particularly among those with a long history of RHI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V. Buddenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Grace O. Recht
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Adriana K. Rodriguez
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Sharlene D. Newman
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Keisuke Kawata
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, The College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Almuraikhy S, Sellami M, Naja K, Al-Amri HS, Anwardeen N, Aden A, Dömling A, Elrayess MA. Joint Effects of Exercise and Ramadan Fasting on Telomere Length: Implications for Cellular Aging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1182. [PMID: 38927389 PMCID: PMC11200901 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a fundamental biological process that progressively impairs the functionality of the bodily systems, leading to an increased risk of diseases. Telomere length is one of the most often used biomarkers of aging. Recent research has focused on developing interventions to mitigate the effects of aging and improve the quality of life. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of exercise and Ramadan fasting on telomere length. Twenty-nine young, non-obese, healthy females were randomized into two groups: the control group underwent a 4-week exercise training program, and the second group underwent a 4-week exercise training program while fasting during Ramadan. Blood samples were collected, and measurements of clinical traits, cytokines, oxidative stress, and telomere length were performed before and after intervention. Telomere length increased significantly from baseline in the exercise-while-fasting group, but showed no significant change in the exercise control group. This increase was accompanied by a reduction in TNF-α, among other cytokines. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between the mean change in telomere length and HDL in the exercise-while-fasting group only. This study is the first to report an increase in telomere length after combining Ramadan fasting with training, suggesting that exercising while fasting may be an effective tool for slowing down the aging rate. Further studies using larger and more diverse cohorts are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Almuraikhy
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (K.N.); (N.A.)
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (M.S.); (H.S.A.-A.)
| | - Khaled Naja
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (K.N.); (N.A.)
| | - Hadaia Saleh Al-Amri
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (M.S.); (H.S.A.-A.)
| | - Najeha Anwardeen
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (K.N.); (N.A.)
| | - Amina Aden
- Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar;
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (K.N.); (N.A.)
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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10
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Szilágyi A, Takács B, Szekeres R, Tarjányi V, Nagy D, Priksz D, Bombicz M, Kiss R, Szabó AM, Lehoczki A, Gesztelyi R, Juhász B, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Effects of voluntary and forced physical exercise on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01208-x. [PMID: 38795184 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by an increased prevalence of degenerative conditions, including those affecting ocular health, which significantly impact quality of life and increase the burden on healthcare systems. Among these, retinal aging is of particular concern due to its direct link to vision impairment, a leading cause of disability in the elderly. Vision loss in the aging population is associated with heightened risks of cognitive decline, social isolation, and morbidity. This study addresses the critical gap in our understanding of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical exercise, that may mitigate retinal aging and its related pathologies. We investigated the effects of different exercise regimens-voluntary (recreational-type) and forced (high-intensity)-on the retinal health of aging Wistar rats (18-month-old), serving as a model for studying the translational potential of exercise interventions in humans. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a young control (3-month-old) for baseline comparison, an aged sedentary control, an aged group engaging in voluntary exercise via a running wheel in their cage, and an aged group subjected to forced exercise on a treadmill for six sessions of 20 min each per week. After a 6-month experimental period, we assessed retinal function via electroretinography (ERG), measured retinal thickness histologically, and analyzed protein expression changes relevant to oxidative stress, inflammation, and anti-aging mechanisms. Our findings reveal that voluntary exercise positively impacts retinal function and morphology, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation markers while enhancing anti-aging protein expression. In contrast, forced exercise showed diminished benefits. These insights underscore the importance of exercise intensity and preference in preserving retinal health during aging. The study highlights the potential of recreational physical activity as a non-invasive strategy to counteract retinal aging, advocating for further research into exercise regimens as preventative therapies for age-related ocular degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szilágyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Takács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vera Tarjányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Mónika Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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11
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Raffin J. Does Physical Exercise Modify the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease in Older Persons? JAR LIFE 2024; 13:77-81. [PMID: 38803456 PMCID: PMC11129780 DOI: 10.14283/jarlife.2024.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise is well known for its benefits on brain health. However, the mechanisms through which these benefits occur remain discussed, especially in the context of cognitive conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The present short review summarizes the findings of interventional studies that examined the effects of exercise training on the specific and non-specific biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Controlled exercise intervention studies published in the English language were selected if they assessed the effects of a physical exercise intervention of at least 2 weeks in middle-aged or older adults on one of the following biomarkers measured either in the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid or the blood: beta-amyloid, tau, neurofilament light chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Overall, there was no strong evidence of significant effects of exercise interventions on any of the selected biomarkers. However, in specific populations, such as women with obesity, pre-diabetes, or depression, favorable changes in blood beta-amyloid concentrations were reported. Further benefits on cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid were also demonstrated in APOE-ε4 allele carriers with Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, the current evidence suggests that physical exercise does not modulate the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease in the overall population of middle-aged and older adults. Nonetheless, some specific populations, such as women with metabolic disorders and Alzheimer's disease patients with APOE-ε4 genotype, seem to be favorably affected. Further studies, including long follow-ups, large sample sizes, and concomitantly assessing the effects of other factors such as sedentary behavior and diet, are required to bring further evidence to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Raffin
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) HealthAge, Toulouse, France
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France
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12
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Pereira-Monteiro MR, Aragão-Santos JC, Vasconcelos ABS, de Resende-Neto AG, de Almeida AFS, Gobbo LA, Hermosilla-Perona F, Heredia-Elvar JR, Del Vecchio FB, Aidar FJ, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Functional and Combined Training Promote Body Recomposition and Lower Limb Strength in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial and a Time Course Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:932. [PMID: 38727489 PMCID: PMC11083855 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Encouraging healthy aging in postmenopausal women involves advocating for lifestyle modifications, including regular physical exercise like combined training (CT) and functional training (FT). Regarding this population, age-related alterations in body composition, such as decreased muscle mass and heightened adipose tissue, impact health. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of FT and CT on body recomposition in postmenopausal women. About the methods, we randomly allocated 96 post-menopausal women to the FT, CT, or control group (CG). We measured body composition by bioimpedance and lower limb muscle strength by sit-to-stand test in five repetitions, respectively. The training protocol lasted 16 weeks, and we measured body composition and lower limb muscle strength every 4 weeks, totaling five assessments. Regarding results, we notice that both training groups increased lean mass from the 8th week of training. In addition, a reduction was observed in total fat percentage and an increase in appendicular lean mass from the 12th week of intervention. No differences were found for body mass. Furthermore, only the experimental groups increase muscle strength, starting from the 4th week of training. The conclusion was that FT and CT promote similar adaptations in body recomposition without affecting body mass in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Raphael Pereira-Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (A.B.S.V.); (F.J.A.); (M.E.D.S.-G.)
| | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-676, Sergipe, Brazil (A.F.S.d.A.)
| | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (A.B.S.V.); (F.J.A.); (M.E.D.S.-G.)
| | | | | | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Francisco Hermosilla-Perona
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Ramón Heredia-Elvar
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (A.B.S.V.); (F.J.A.); (M.E.D.S.-G.)
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (A.B.S.V.); (F.J.A.); (M.E.D.S.-G.)
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-676, Sergipe, Brazil (A.F.S.d.A.)
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
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13
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Deprez A, Poletto Bonetto JH, Ravizzoni Dartora D, Dodin P, Nuyt AM, Luu TM, Dumont NA. Impact of preterm birth on muscle mass and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1989-2002. [PMID: 38416257 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Individuals born preterm present lower exercise capacity. Along with the cardiopulmonary responses and activity level, muscle strength is a key determinant of exercise capacity. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the impact of preterm birth on skeletal muscle mass and function across the lifespan. The databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EBM, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords and MeSH terms related to skeletal muscle, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Two independent reviewers undertook study selection, data extraction, and quality appraisal using Covidence review management. Data were pooled to estimate the prematurity effect on muscle mass and function using the R software. From 4378 studies retrieved, 132 were full-text reviewed and 25 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Five studies presented a low risk of bias, and 5 had a higher risk of bias due to a lack of adjustment for confounding factors and presenting incomplete outcomes. Meta-analyses of pooled data from homogenous studies indicated a significant reduction in muscle thickness and jump test (muscle power) in individuals born preterm versus full-term with standardized mean difference and confidence interval of - 0.58 (0.27, 0.89) and - 0.45 (0.21, 0.69), respectively. Conclusion: Overall, this systematic review summarizing the existing literature on the impact of preterm birth on skeletal muscle indicates emerging evidence that individuals born preterm, display alteration in the development of their skeletal muscle mass and function. This work also highlights a clear knowledge gap in understanding the effect of preterm birth on skeletal muscle development. What is Known: • Preterm birth, which occurs at a critical time of skeletal muscle development and maturation, impairs the development of different organs and tissues leading to a higher risk of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases. • Preterm birth is associated with reduced exercise capacity. What is New: • Individuals born preterm display alterations in muscle mass and function compared to individuals born at term from infancy to adulthood. • There is a need to develop preventive or curative interventions to improve skeletal muscle health in preterm-born individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Deprez
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jéssica H Poletto Bonetto
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Daniela Ravizzoni Dartora
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Philippe Dodin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas A Dumont
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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14
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Yao B, Li L, Guan X, Zhu J, Liu Q, Qu B, Ding H. Endurance Training Inhibits the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway to Alleviate Sarcopenia. Physiol Res 2024; 73:295-304. [PMID: 38710060 PMCID: PMC11081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a decrease in muscle function, mass, and strength in skeletal muscle of animals and humans. The transcriptome identified activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, a pathway that is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, and endurance training has a significant effect on improving sarcopenia; however, the exact mechanism still requires further study. We investigated the effect of endurance training on sarcopenia. Six-month-old male SAMR1 mice were used as a young control group (group C), and the same month-old male SAMP8 mice were divided into an exercise group (group E) and a model group (group M). A 3-month running exercise intervention was performed on group E, and the other two groups were kept normally. Aging caused significant signs of sarcopenia in the SAMP8 mice, and endurance training effectively improved muscle function, muscle mass, and muscle strength in the SAMP8 mice. The expression of JAK2/STAT3 pathway factor was decreased in group E compared with group M, and the expression of SOCS3, the target gene of STAT3, and NR1D1, an atrophy-related factor, was significantly increased. Endurance training significantly improved the phenotypes associated with sarcopenia, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is a possible mechanism for the improvement of sarcopenia by endurance training, while NR1D1 may be its potential target. Keywords: Sarcopenia, Endurance training, Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3), Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D member 1 (Nr1d1).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yao
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Smith ME, Wahl D, Cavalier AN, McWilliams GT, Rossman MJ, Giordano GR, Bryan AD, Seals DR, LaRocca TJ. Repetitive element transcript accumulation is associated with inflammaging in humans. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01126-y. [PMID: 38641753 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic, low-grade inflammation increases with aging, contributing to functional declines and diseases that reduce healthspan. Growing evidence suggests that transcripts from repetitive elements (RE) in the genome contribute to this "inflammaging" by stimulating innate immune activation, but evidence of RE-associated inflammation with aging in humans is limited. Here, we present transcriptomic and clinical data showing that RE transcript levels are positively related to gene expression of innate immune sensors, and to serum interleukin 6 (a marker of systemic inflammation), in a large group of middle-aged and older adults. We also: (1) use transcriptomics and whole-genome bisulfite (methylation) sequencing to show that many RE may be hypomethylated with aging, and that aerobic exercise, a healthspan-extending intervention, reduces RE transcript levels and increases RE methylation in older adults; and (2) extend our findings in a secondary dataset demonstrating age-related changes in RE chromatin accessibility. Collectively, our data support the idea that age-related RE transcript accumulation may play a role in inflammaging in humans, and that RE dysregulation with aging may be due in part to upstream epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Smith
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alyssa N Cavalier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gabriella T McWilliams
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Gregory R Giordano
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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16
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Liu Y, Meng XK, Shao WZ, Liu YQ, Tang C, Deng SS, Tang CF, Zheng L, Guo W. miR-34a/TAN1/CREB Axis Engages in Alleviating Oligodendrocyte Trophic Factor-Induced Myelin Repair Function and Astrocyte-Dependent Neuroinflammation in the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease: The Anti-Neurodegenerative Effect of Treadmill Exercise. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1105-1120. [PMID: 38289520 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Reduced myelin stability observed in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease leads to spatial learning and memory impairment. Exercise has been shown to protect nerves, reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease, and strengthen synaptic connectivity. However, the underlying mechanisms of how exercise can promote myelin repair and coordinate inflammation and proliferation are still uncertain. In this study, we conducted histological and biochemical assays of cortical lysates after behavioral testing to detect pathological changes, myelin sheath thickness, and mRNA and protein levels. It is notable that D-galactose model mice exhibited elevated miRNA-34a levels, overactive astrocytes, decreased myelin staining scores, increased apoptosis, and decreased synaptic plasticity in the brain. Significantly, after eight weeks of exercise, we observed improvements in LFB scores, NeuN( +) neuron counts, and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression. Additionally, exercise promoted the expression of oligodendrocyte markers Olig2 and PDFGR-α associated with brain proliferation, and improved spatial cognitive function. Furthermore, it decreased the inflammation caused by astrocyte secretions (TNF-α, Cox-2, CXCL2). Interestingly, we also observed downregulation of miR-34a and activation of the TAN1/PI3K/CREB signaling pathway. Our data shed light on a previously unsuspected mechanism by which exercise reduces miR-34a levels and protects neuronal function and survival by preventing excessive demyelination and inflammatory infiltration in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Ya-Qun Liu
- Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Si-Si Deng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Chang-Fa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
- Hunan Province Sports Public Service Research Base, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, 529 LuShanNan Road, Changsha, 410012, China.
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17
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Rocha JNDS, Pereira-Monteiro MR, Vasconcelos ABS, Pantoja-Cardoso A, Aragão-Santos JC, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Different resistance training volumes on strength, functional fitness, and body composition of older people: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105303. [PMID: 38128241 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes several changes in the body, reducing strength and muscle mass, which leads to a decline in function. Resistance training (RT) is used to counteract these changes. However, there is still ongoing debate about the optimal volume of RT in the context of aging. We systematically reviewed articles that assessed the impact of different volumes of RT on muscular strength, functional fitness, and body composition of older people. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases, using keywords related to the older population and various RT volumes. We performed meta-analyses for each outcome separately using intervention time in weeks for subgroup analyses. We employed random effects models for all meta-analyses and expressed the results as standardized mean differences (Hedges' g). We included 31 studies, encompassing a total of 1.744 participants. The sample size ranged from 18 to 376, with an average size of 56 participants. Participants' ages ranged from 60 to 83 years. On average, HV-RT (High-Volume Resistance Training) induced significant adaptations in muscle strength of the upper limbs (g = 0.36; 95 % CI = 0.11-0.61) and lower limbs (g = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.23-0.59), with superiority more pronounced after 12 weeks of training. Regarding functional fitness, there was a tendency favoring HV-RT (g = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.23-0.59). Thus, HV-RT outperforms LV-RT (Low-Volume Resistance Training) in enhancing muscle strength, particularly in longer interventions with independent older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Pantoja-Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe
| | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe
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18
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Liu S, Zhang S, Cheng X, Wu D, Chen J, Liang W, Qian S, Zhang J, Jiang F. A meta-analysis on the impact of resistance training on phase angle in middle-aged and older individuals. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105318. [PMID: 38194828 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the impact of resistance training (RT) on phase angle (PhA) in middle-aged and older individuals via meta-analysis, explore effects in subgroups, and identify optimal RT protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched five databases using predefined criteria, assessed literature quality per Cochrane 5.1 Handbook, and used Revman 5.3 for effect size aggregation, bias assessment, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis. RESULTS RT improved PhA in middle-aged and older individuals (d = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.40, P < 0.05). Effective subgroups included Suspension (d = 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.33-0.90, P < 0.05), free-weights and machine (d = 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.28-0.45, P < 0.05), equipment training (d = 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.13-0.36, P < 0.05), and moderate-intensity RT (d = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.42, P < 0.05). RT was conducted 2-3 times/week (d = 0.20, 95 % CI: 0.01-0.38, P < 0.05) or (d = 0.38, 95 % CI: 0.30-0.47, P < 0.05). PhA improved after 8 weeks (d = 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.23-0.51, P < 0.05), 12 weeks (d = 0.35, 95 % CI: 0.26-0.44, P < 0.05), and ≥ 24 weeks (d = 0.26, 95 % CI: 0.11-0.41, P < 0.05) of RT in aged and older individuals. Low- and high-intensity RT, elastic band training, and weekly exercises did not significantly improve PhA. CONCLUSIONS RT enhances PhA in middle-aged and older adults. For optimal results, we recommend 2-3 weekly sessions of free weights and machine training lasting at least 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Siqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuejing Cheng
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Danting Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiongxun Chen
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wenqi Liang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Siyu Qian
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
| | - Fanglin Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
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19
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Wang S, El Jurdi N, Thyagarajan B, Prizment A, Blaes AH. Accelerated Aging in Cancer Survivors: Cellular Senescence, Frailty, and Possible Opportunities for Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3319. [PMID: 38542292 PMCID: PMC10970400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The population of cancer survivors has markedly increased due to the rapid improvements in cancer treatment. However, cancer survivors experience accelerated aging, which leads to chronic diseases and other age-related conditions, such as frailty. Those conditions may persist years after cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is one of the mechanisms that contribute to accelerated aging in cancer survivors. Several aging measures, including measures based on clinical markers and biomarkers, have been proposed to estimate the aging process, and some of them have shown associations with mortality and frailty in cancer survivors. Several anti-aging interventions, including lifestyle changes and anti-aging drugs, have been proposed. Future research, particularly in large-scale studies, is needed to determine the efficiency of these aging measures and anti-aging interventions before considering their application in clinics. This review focuses on the mechanisms of cellular senescence and accelerated aging in cancer survivors, assessment of the aging process using clinical markers and biomarkers, and the high prevalence of frailty in that population, as well as possible opportunities for anti-aging interventions. A deeper understanding of aging measures and anti-aging interventions in cancer survivors will contribute to the development of effective strategies to mitigate accelerated aging in cancer survivors and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Najla El Jurdi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anna Prizment
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anne H. Blaes
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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20
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Wang M, Yang M, Liang S, Wang N, Wang Y, Sambou ML, Qin N, Zhu M, Wang C, Jiang Y, Dai J. Association between sleep traits and biological aging risk: a Mendelian randomization study based on 157 227 cases and 179 332 controls. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad299. [PMID: 37982786 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate whether sleep traits are associated with the risk of biological aging using a case-control design with Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS We studied 336 559 participants in the UK Biobank cohort, including 157 227 cases of accelerated biological aging and 179 332 controls. PhenoAge, derived from clinical traits, estimated biological ages, and the discrepancies from chronological age were defined as age accelerations (PhenoAgeAccel). Sleep behaviors were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. propensity score matching matched control participants to age-accelerated participants, and a conditional multivariable logistic regression model estimated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Causal relationships between sleep traits and PhenoAgeAccel were explored using linear and nonlinear MR methods. RESULTS A U-shaped association was found between sleep duration and PhenoAgeAccel risk. Short sleepers had a 7% higher risk (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.11), while long sleepers had an 18% higher risk (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.22), compared to normal sleepers (6-8 hours/day). Evening chronotype was linked to higher PhenoAgeAccel risk than morning chronotype (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.18), while no significant associations were found for insomnia or snoring. Morning chronotype had a protective effect on PhenoAgeAccel risk (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.95) per linear MR analysis. Genetically predicted sleep duration showed a U-shaped relationship with PhenoAgeAccel, suggesting a nonlinear association (pnonlinear < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that improving sleep can slow biological aging, highlighting the importance of optimizing sleep as an intervention to mitigate aging's adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meiqi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Muhammed Lamin Sambou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Na Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Institute, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Institute, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Institute, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Institute, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Nanjing Yike Population Health Research Institute, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Institute, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Nanjing Yike Population Health Research Institute, Nanjing 211166, China
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21
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Yu PJ, Zhou M, Liu Y, Du J. Senescent T Cells in Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0219. [PMID: 38502582 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-induced alterations in human immunity are often considered deleterious and are referred to as immunosenescence. The immune system monitors the number of senescent cells in the body, while immunosenescence may represent the initiation of systemic aging. Immune cells, particularly T cells, are the most impacted and involved in age-related immune function deterioration, making older individuals more prone to different age-related diseases. T-cell senescence can impact the effectiveness of immunotherapies that rely on the immune system's function, including vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapies. The research and practice of using senescent T cells as therapeutic targets to intervene in age-related diseases are in their nascent stages. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent related literature to investigate the characteristics of senescent T cells as well as their formation mechanisms, relationship with various aging-related diseases, and means of intervention. The primary objective of this article is to explore the prospects and possibilities of therapeutically targeting senescent T cells, serving as a valuable resource for the development of immunotherapy and treatment of age-related diseases.
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22
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López-Ortiz S, Caruso G, Emanuele E, Menéndez H, Peñín-Grandes S, Guerrera CS, Caraci F, Nisticò R, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A, Lista S. Digging into the intrinsic capacity concept: Can it be applied to Alzheimer's disease? Prog Neurobiol 2024; 234:102574. [PMID: 38266702 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Historically, aging research has largely centered on disease pathology rather than promoting healthy aging. The World Health Organization's (WHO) policy framework (2015-2030) underscores the significance of fostering the contributions of older individuals to their families, communities, and economies. The WHO has introduced the concept of intrinsic capacity (IC) as a key metric for healthy aging, encompassing five primary domains: locomotion, vitality, sensory, cognitive, and psychological. Past AD research, constrained by methodological limitations, has focused on single outcome measures, sidelining the complexity of the disease. Our current scientific milieu, however, is primed to adopt the IC concept. This is due to three critical considerations: (I) the decline in IC is linked to neurocognitive disorders, including AD, (II) cognition, a key component of IC, is deeply affected in AD, and (III) the cognitive decline associated with AD involves multiple factors and pathophysiological pathways. Our study explores the application of the IC concept to AD patients, offering a comprehensive model that could revolutionize the disease's diagnosis and prognosis. There is a dearth of information on the biological characteristics of IC, which are a result of complex interactions within biological systems. Employing a systems biology approach, integrating omics technologies, could aid in unraveling these interactions and understanding IC from a holistic viewpoint. This comprehensive analysis of IC could be leveraged in clinical settings, equipping healthcare providers to assess AD patients' health status more effectively and devise personalized therapeutic interventions in accordance with the precision medicine paradigm. We aimed to determine whether the IC concept could be extended from older individuals to patients with AD, thereby presenting a model that could significantly enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | | | - Héctor Menéndez
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Saúl Peñín-Grandes
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Claudia Savia Guerrera
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain; Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain.
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23
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Zarzeczny R, Nawrat-Szołtysik A, Polak A. Effects of 12 weeks of neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles on the function and physio-biochemical traits in functionally fit female nursing-home residents aged 75 + years: a pilot study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:945-962. [PMID: 37750973 PMCID: PMC10879313 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscular changes induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are well recognized, but knowledge of how NMES influences the physio-biochemical traits of the oldest old is still limited. This study investigated the effect of NMES applied for 12 weeks to the quadriceps muscles of female nursing-home residents aged 75 + on their functional capability and inflammatory, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular traits. METHODS Nineteen women regularly taking part in two body conditioning sessions per week were randomized into an electrical stimulation group (ES; n = 10; 30 min sessions, 3 times per week) or a control group (CON; n = 9). At baseline and study week 12, all women performed the 30 s chair stand test (30sCST), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and the instrumented timed up and go test (iTUG). Resting heart rates, blood pressure, and the blood concentrations of inflammatory and bone metabolism markers were also measured twice. RESULTS NMES increased the strength of participants' quadriceps muscles and their performance on the 30sCST and 6MWT while lowering resting arterial blood pressure and inflammatory marker levels; osteoclast activity showed a tendency to decrease. Changes in the iTUG results were not observed. A multiple regression analysis found that the results of functional tests in the ES group were best correlated with pulse pressure (the 30sCST and iTUG tests) and diastolic blood pressure (the 6MWT test). CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of NMES treatment improved participants' functional capacity and inflammatory, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular traits. The ES group participants' performance on functional tests was best predicted by hemodynamic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Zarzeczny
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 5 Żeromskiego Str., 25-369, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Nawrat-Szołtysik
- Chair of Physiotherapy Basics, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 72A Mikołowska Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Polak
- Chair of Physiotherapy Basics, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 72A Mikołowska Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland
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24
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Zhou QA. Antiaging Strategies and Remedies: A Landscape of Research Progress and Promise. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:408-446. [PMID: 38214973 PMCID: PMC10853939 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is typified by a gradual loss of physiological fitness and accumulation of cellular damage, leading to deteriorated functions and enhanced vulnerability to diseases. Antiaging research has a long history throughout civilization, with many efforts put forth to understand and prevent the effects of aging. Multiple strategies aiming to promote healthy aging and extend the lifespan have been developed including lifestyle adjustments, medical treatments, and social programs. A multitude of antiaging medicines and remedies have also been explored. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection to analyze the publication landscape of recent research related to antiaging strategies and treatments. We review the recent advances and delineate trends in research headway of antiaging knowledge and practice across time, geography, and development pipelines. We further assess the state-of-the-art antiaging approaches and explore their correlations with age-related diseases. The landscape of antiaging drugs has been outlined and explored. Well-recognized and novel, currently evaluated antiaging agents have also been summarized. Finally, we review clinical applications of antiaging products with their development pipelines. The objective of this review is to summarize current knowledge on preventive strategies and treatment remedies in the field of aging, to outline challenges and evaluate growth opportunities, in order to further efforts to solve the problems that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Xinmei Wang
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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25
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Zampieri S, Bersch I, Smeriglio P, Barbieri E, Boncompagni S, Maccarone MC, Carraro U. Program with last minute abstracts of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, 27 February - 2 March, 2024 (2024Pdm3). Eur J Transl Myol 2024; 34:12346. [PMID: 38305708 PMCID: PMC11017178 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
During the 2023 Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine the 2024 meeting was scheduled from 28 February to 2 March 2024 (2024Pdm3). During autumn 2023 the program was expanded with Scientific Sessions which will take place over five days (in 2024 this includes February 29), starting from the afternoon of 27 February 2024 in the Conference Rooms of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. As per consolidated tradition, the second day will take place in Padua, for the occasion in the Sala San Luca of the Monastery of Santa Giustina in Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy. Confirming the attractiveness of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, over 100 titles were accepted until 15 December 2023 (many more than expected), forcing the organization of parallel sessions on both 1 and 2 March 2024. The five days will include lectures and oral presentations of scientists and clinicians from Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, UK and USA. Only Australia, China, India and Japan are missing from this edition. But we are confident that authors from those countries who publish articles in the PAGEpress: European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM: 2022 ESCI Clarivate's Impact Factor: 2.2; SCOPUS Cite Score: 3.2) will decide to join us in the coming years. Together with the program established by 31 January 2024, the abstracts will circulate during the meeting only in the electronic version of the EJTM Issue 34 (1) 2024. See you soon in person at the Hotel Petrarca in Montegrotto Terme, Padua, for the inauguration scheduled the afternoon of 27 February 2024 or on-line for free via Zoom. Send us your email address if you are not traditional participants listed in Pdm3 and EJTM address books.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Armando Carraro & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua.
| | - Ines Bersch
- Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland; International FES Centre®, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil.
| | - Piera Smeriglio
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris.
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU).
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti.
| | | | - Ugo Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Armando Carraro & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua.
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26
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Gonzalez-Armenta JL, Bergstrom J, Lee J, Furdui CM, Nicklas BJ, Molina AJA. Serum factors mediate changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics associated with diet and exercise interventions. GeroScience 2024; 46:349-365. [PMID: 37368157 PMCID: PMC10828137 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial improvements resulting from behavioral interventions, such as diet and exercise, are systemic and apparent across multiple tissues. Here, we test the hypothesis that factors present in serum, and therefore circulating throughout the body, can mediate changes in mitochondrial function in response to intervention. To investigate this, we used stored serum from a clinical trial comparing resistance training (RT) and RT plus caloric restriction (RT + CR) to examine effects of blood borne circulating factors on myoblasts in vitro. We report that exposure to dilute serum is sufficient to mediate bioenergetic benefits of these interventions. Additionally, serum-mediated bioenergetic changes can differentiate between interventions, recapitulate sex differences in bioenergetic responses, and is linked to improvements in physical function and inflammation. Using metabolomics, we identified circulating factors associated with changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and the effects of interventions. This study provides new evidence that circulating factors play a role in the beneficial effects of interventions that improve healthspan among older adults. Understanding the factors that drive improvements in mitochondrial function is a key step towards predicting intervention outcomes and developing strategies to countermand systemic age-related bioenergetic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Gonzalez-Armenta
- Section On Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jaclyn Bergstrom
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0665, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0665, USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Section On Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Section On Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0665, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0665, USA.
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27
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Tartiere AG, Freije JMP, López-Otín C. The hallmarks of aging as a conceptual framework for health and longevity research. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1334261. [PMID: 38292053 PMCID: PMC10824251 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1334261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The inexorability of the aging process has sparked the curiosity of human beings since ancient times. However, despite this interest and the extraordinary scientific advances in the field, the complexity of the process has hampered its comprehension. In this context, The Hallmarks of Aging were defined in 2013 with the aim of establishing an organized, systematic and integrative view of this topic, which would serve as a conceptual framework for aging research. Ten years later and promoted by the progress in the area, an updated version included three new hallmarks while maintaining the original scope. The aim of this review is to determine to what extent The Hallmarks of Aging achieved the purpose that gave rise to them. For this aim, we have reviewed the literature citing any of the two versions of The Hallmarks of Aging and conclude that they have served as a conceptual framework not only for aging research but also for related areas of knowledge. Finally, this review discusses the new candidates to become part of the Hallmarks list, analyzing the evidence that supports whether they should or should not be incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G. Tartiere
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M. P. Freije
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universite de Paris Cite, Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, Paris, France
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Blanco-Rambo E, Bandeira-Guimarães M, Rambo ES, Formighieri C, Steffens T, Cadore EL, Pietta-Dias C. Effects of social distancing provoked by COVID-19 pandemic in the functional capacity and cognitive function in nonagenarians and centenarians. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 37:46-50. [PMID: 38432840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid advance of coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020, social distancing was the main way to reduce the transmission of the virus. Although this measure was efficient and necessary, the social distancing had severe consequences for physical function, mainly in older individuals. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social distancing in the functional and cognitive capacity of community-dwelling oldest-old adults. METHODS The present study is part of a larger prospective cohort study. Fifteen participants aged 90 years old or older were assessed in the 8-foot-timed-up-and-go test (8-footTUG), sit-to-stand-up test (STS), handgrip strength test (HGS), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Katz Index and Lawton Scale before and after one year of social distancing. RESULTS A significant worsening in the 8-footTUG and MMSE score was observed, while there were no significant changes in the other variables. When analyzing the decreases in relation to previous functional capacity, it was observed that individuals categorized as dependent by STS cut-off points had the worst decreases in functional capacity. CONCLUSION The social distancing provoked by COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the 8-footTUG and cognition. Moreover, individuals dependents showed greater decline in their functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Blanco-Rambo
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Bandeira-Guimarães
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elias Scholl Rambo
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Formighieri
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tainara Steffens
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Pietta-Dias
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gilmore N, Loh KP, Liposits G, Arora SP, Vertino P, Janelsins M. Epigenetic and inflammatory markers in older adults with cancer: A Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology narrative review. J Geriatr Oncol 2024; 15:101655. [PMID: 37931584 PMCID: PMC10841884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of adults aged ≥ 65 years with cancer is rapidly increasing. Older adults with cancer are susceptible to treatment-related acute and chronic adverse events, resulting in loss of independence, reduction in physical function, and decreased quality of life. Nevertheless, evidence-based interventions to prevent or treat acute and chronic adverse events in older adults with cancer are limited. Several promising blood-based biomarkers related to inflammation and epigenetic modifications are available to identify older adults with cancer who are at increased risk of accelerated aging and physical, functional, and cognitive impairments caused by the cancer and its treatment. Inflammatory changes and epigenetic modifications can be reversible and targeted by lifestyle changes and interventions. Here we discuss ways in which changes in inflammatory and epigenetic pathways influence the aging process and how these pathways can be targeted by interventions aimed at reducing inflammation and aging-associated biological markers. As the number of older adults with cancer entering survivorship continues to increase, it is becoming progressively more important to understand ways in which the benefit from treatment can be enhanced while reducing the effects of accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikesha Gilmore
- Department of Surgery, Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Kah Poh Loh
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Gabor Liposits
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Regional Hospital Gødstrup, Herning, Denmark.
| | - Sukeshi Patel Arora
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
| | - Paula Vertino
- James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Michelle Janelsins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Granic A, Suetterlin K, Shavlakadze T, Grounds M, Sayer A. Hallmarks of ageing in human skeletal muscle and implications for understanding the pathophysiology of sarcopenia in women and men. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1721-1751. [PMID: 37986616 PMCID: PMC10665130 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex biological process associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Nine classic, interdependent hallmarks of ageing have been proposed involving genetic and biochemical pathways that collectively influence ageing trajectories and susceptibility to pathology in humans. Ageing skeletal muscle undergoes profound morphological and physiological changes associated with loss of strength, mass, and function, a condition known as sarcopenia. The aetiology of sarcopenia is complex and whilst research in this area is growing rapidly, there is a relative paucity of human studies, particularly in older women. Here, we evaluate how the nine classic hallmarks of ageing: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication contribute to skeletal muscle ageing and the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. We also highlight five novel hallmarks of particular significance to skeletal muscle ageing: inflammation, neural dysfunction, extracellular matrix dysfunction, reduced vascular perfusion, and ionic dyshomeostasis, and discuss how the classic and novel hallmarks are interconnected. Their clinical relevance and translational potential are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Karen Suetterlin
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Tea Shavlakadze
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K
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Diaz-Ruiz A, Price NL, Ferrucci L, de Cabo R. Obesity and lifespan, a complex tango. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh1175. [PMID: 37992154 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and aging share comorbidities, phenotypes, and deleterious effects on health that are associated with chronic diseases. However, distinct features set them apart, with underlying biology that should be explored and exploited, especially given the demographic shifts and the obesity epidemic that the world is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Gerontology, Precision Nutrition and Aging, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 028049 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), E28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Group of Nutritional Interventions, Precision Nutrition and Aging, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, E28049 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Qiao YS, Blackwell TL, Cawthon PM, Coen PM, Cummings SR, Distefano G, Farsijani S, Forman DE, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, Mau T, Toledo FGS, Newman AB, Glynn NW. Associations of Objective and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Skeletal Muscle Energetics: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.05.23298134. [PMID: 37986749 PMCID: PMC10659463 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.05.23298134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age, and physical activity (PA) has been shown to counteract these declines in older adults. Yet, many studies were based on self-reported PA or structured exercise interventions. We examined the associations of objective daily PA and sedentary behavior (SB) with skeletal muscle energetics and also compared with self-reported PA and SB. We also explored the extent to which PA would attenuate the associations of age with muscle energetics. Methods Among the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) enrolled older adults, 810 (mean age=76±5, 58% women) had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution respirometry of permeabilized myofibers (maxOXPHOS) and in vivo by 31 Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ATP max ). Objective PA was measured using the wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7-days to capture sedentary behavior (SB), light, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Self-reported SB, MVPA, and all exercise-related PA were assessed with The Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire. Linear regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations between SB, PA and muscle energetics, and the attenuation of the age / muscle energetic association by PA. Results Every 30 minutes more objective MVPA was associated with 0.65 pmol/s*mg higher maxOXPHOS and 0.012 mM/sec higher ATP max , after adjustment for age, site/technician and sex. More time spent in objective light+MVPA was significantly associated with higher ATP max , but not maxOXPHOS. In contrast, every 30 minutes spent in objective SB was associated with 0.43 pmol/s*mg lower maxOXPHOS and 0.004 mM/sec lower ATP max . Only associations with ATP max held after further adjusting for socioeconomic status, body mass index, lifestyle factors and multimorbidities. Self-reported MVPA and all exercise-related activities, but not SB, yielded similar associations with maxOXPHOS and ATP max . Lastly, age was only significantly associated with muscle energetics in men. Adjusting for objective time spent in MVPA attenuated the age association with ATP max by nearly 60% in men. Conclusion More time spent in daily PA, especially MVPA, were associated with higher muscle energetics. Interventions that increase higher intensity activity might offer potential therapeutic interventions to slow the age-related decline in muscle energetics. Our work also emphasizes the importance of taking PA into consideration when evaluating associations related to skeletal muscle energetics.
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Kasbekar M, Mitchell CA, Proven MA, Passegué E. Hematopoietic stem cells through the ages: A lifetime of adaptation to organismal demands. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1403-1420. [PMID: 37865087 PMCID: PMC10842631 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which govern the production of all blood lineages, transition through a series of functional states characterized by expansion during fetal development, functional quiescence in adulthood, and decline upon aging. We describe central features of HSC regulation during ontogeny to contextualize how adaptive responses over the life of the organism ultimately form the basis for HSC functional degradation with age. We particularly focus on the role of cell cycle regulation, inflammatory response pathways, epigenetic changes, and metabolic regulation. We then explore how the knowledge of age-related changes in HSC regulation can inform strategies for the rejuvenation of old HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kasbekar
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carl A Mitchell
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melissa A Proven
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Miao Y, Zhang S, Liang Z, Wang Y, Tian D, Jin S, Guo Q, Xue H, Teng X, Xiao L, Wu Y. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in aging arteries by regulating ferroptosis. Nitric Oxide 2023; 140-141:77-90. [PMID: 37875241 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes vascular endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the causes of vascular endothelial dysfunction during aging using plasma and renal arteries from patients who underwent nephrectomy and animal models. The results showed that the endogenous H2S-producing enzyme cystathione-γ-lyase (CSE) protein expression was downregulated in renal artery tissue, plasma H2S levels were reduced. Moreover, elevated lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation levels led to ferroptosis and endothelial diastolic function in the renal arteries was impaired in the elderly group. H2S enhanced the endogenous CSE expression in the elderly group, promoted endogenous H2S production, decreased lipid peroxide expression, and inhibited ferroptosis, which in turn improved vascular endothelial function in the elderly group. In animal models, we also observed the same results. In addition, we applied NaHS, Ferrostatin-1 (ferroptosis inhibitor) and erastin (ferroptosis inducer) to incubate renal arteries of SD rats. The results showed that NaHS enhanced ferroptosis related proteins expression, inhibited ferroptosis and improved vascular endothelial function. We demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction associated with aging is closely related to reduced endogenous H2S levels and ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells. Notably, H2S reduced lipid peroxidation levels in vascular endothelial cells, inhibited ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, and improved endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Miao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Zihui Liang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Kubat GB, Bouhamida E, Ulger O, Turkel I, Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Ekinci O, Ozerklig B, Atalay O, Patergnani S, Nur Sahin B, Morciano G, Tuncer M, Tremoli E, Pinton P. Mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle atrophy: Causes, mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:33-58. [PMID: 37451353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, which accounts for approximately 40% of total body weight, is one of the most dynamic and plastic tissues in the human body and plays a vital role in movement, posture and force production. More than just a component of the locomotor system, skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting hundreds of bioactive molecules. Therefore, maintaining healthy skeletal muscles is crucial for supporting overall body health. Various pathological conditions, such as prolonged immobilization, cachexia, aging, drug-induced toxicity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), can disrupt the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation, leading to skeletal muscle atrophy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributing mechanism to skeletal muscle atrophy, as it plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including energy production, metabolic flexibility, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and regulation of apoptosis. In this review, we critically examine recent knowledge regarding the causes of muscle atrophy (disuse, cachexia, aging, etc.) and its contribution to CVDs. Additionally, we highlight the mitochondrial signaling pathways involvement to skeletal muscle atrophy, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy and mitophagy, mitochondrial fission-fusion, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss current strategies, including exercise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, in vivo transfection of PGC-1α, and the potential use of mitochondrial transplantation as a possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Daniela Ramaccini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Ozgur Ekinci
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ozerklig
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozbeyen Atalay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beyza Nur Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Meltem Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Kumar M, Orkaby A, Tighe C, Villareal DT, Billingsley H, Nanna MG, Kwak MJ, Rohant N, Patel S, Goyal P, Hummel S, Al-Malouf C, Kolimas A, Krishnaswami A, Rich MW, Kirkpatrick J, Damluji AA, Kuchel GA, Forman DE, Alexander KP. Life's Essential 8: Optimizing Health in Older Adults. JACC. ADVANCES 2023; 2:100560. [PMID: 37664644 PMCID: PMC10470487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The population worldwide is getting older as a result of advances in public health, medicine, and technology. Older individuals are living longer with a higher prevalence of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2010, the American Heart Association introduced a list of key prevention targets, known as "Life's Simple 7" to increase CVD-free survival, longevity, and quality of life. In 2022, sleep health was added to expand the recommendations to "Life's Essential 8" (eat better, be more active, stop smoking, get adequate sleep, manage weight, manage cholesterol, manage blood pressure, and manage diabetes). These prevention targets are intended to apply regardless of chronologic age. During this same time, the understanding of aging biology and goals of care for older adults further enhanced the relevance of prevention across the range of functions. From a biological perspective, aging is a complex cellular process characterized by genomic instability, telomere attrition, loss of proteostasis, inflammation, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. These aging hallmarks are triggered by and enhanced by traditional CVD risk factors leading to geriatric syndromes (eg, frailty, sarcopenia, functional limitation, and cognitive impairment) which complicate efforts toward prevention. Therefore, we review Life's Essential 8 through the lens of aging biology, geroscience, and geriatric precepts to guide clinicians taking care of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ariela Orkaby
- New England GRECC (Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center), VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlan Tighe
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dennis T. Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hayley Billingsley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael G. Nanna
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Ji Kwak
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Namit Rohant
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA
| | - Parag Goyal
- Program for the Care and Study of Aging Heart, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Hummel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christina Al-Malouf
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amie Kolimas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Michael W. Rich
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louise, Missouri, USA
| | - James Kirkpatrick
- Department of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abdulla A. Damluji
- The Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - George A. Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel E. Forman
- Divisions of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh GRECC, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen P. Alexander
- Division of Cardiology, Duke Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Minoretti P, García Martín Á, Gómez Serrano M, Santiago Sáez A, Liaño Riera M, Emanuele E. Evaluating the Serum Levels of Beclin-1 and Mammalian/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Three Different Professional Categories. Cureus 2023; 15:e45335. [PMID: 37849603 PMCID: PMC10577503 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible associations between occupational factors and autophagy - a catabolic process that is evolutionarily conserved and serves as a vital cornerstone in maintaining cellular balance - remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES We assessed serum levels of beclin-1, a principal effector of autophagy, and the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein recognized for its part in suppressing autophagy, within a group of healthy individuals hailing from three different professional fields, each characterized by its unique working conditions. METHODS A total of 60 men were recruited from three distinct occupational categories: airline pilots, construction laborers, and fitness trainers. Each group consisted of 20 subjects who were selected during routine occupational health appointments. Serum levels of beclin-1 and mTOR were measured using commercially available immunoassays and compared among the three categories. RESULTS Fitness instructors had the highest concentration of beclin-1 (3.1 ± 0.9 ng/mL). Construction workers followed with a mean of 2.4 ± 0.4 ng/mL, while airline pilots had the lowest levels at 1.9 ± 0.5 ng/mL (one-way analysis of variance, P < 0.001). In terms of mTOR levels, construction workers had the highest concentration (5.9 ± 1.9 ng/mL), followed by airline pilots (4.4 ± 1.7 ng/mL). Fitness instructors, on the other hand, had the lowest mTOR levels (3.5 ± 1.2 ng/mL; one-way analysis of variance, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of autophagy biomarkers can vary among healthy individuals based on their professional roles. Considering the crucial function autophagy serves in both health and disease, further investigations are crucial to deepen our comprehension of the potential implications of autophagy in the field of occupational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángel García Martín
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
| | - Manuel Gómez Serrano
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
| | - Andrés Santiago Sáez
- Legal Medicine, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, ESP
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
| | - Miryam Liaño Riera
- Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, ESP
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Krawczyk-Suszek M, Kleinrok A. Quality of life of a healthy polish population due to sociodemographic factors during the COVID-19 pandemic - a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1204109. [PMID: 37663865 PMCID: PMC10469628 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1204109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The quality of life should be studied in every person, both among the sick and healthy. Sociodemographic factors affect the level of the perceived quality of life (QoL), and especially in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced the enforcement of certain behaviours in society, such as social distancing, as well as introduced panic and fear for one's own health and life. The main aim of the study was to assess the quality of life in the group of people without the disease, to assess the impact of sociodemographic factors on QoL during the pandemic. Material and method 3,511 healthy people were included in the study. The inclusion criteria of the study were: age of respondents over 18 years, no continuously administered medicaments, no diagnosed chronic diseases and no treatment in specialist clinics as well as lack of positive COVID-19 test in 4 weeks before the examination. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. The student's t-test and intergroup comparisons were used in 7 age groups. Factors such as age, gender, place of residence, education, civil status, employment status, smoking, and physical activity were assessed. Results The lowest average QoL level in the studied population was recorded in the Mental Component Summary (MCS) dimension (X = 47.9;Cl:47.6-48.3). A high correlation between age and the SF-36 spheres was noted in the following spheres: physical functioning (PF), role physical (RP), Physical Component Summary (PCS), and ILQ (p < 0.001). The highest chance of a better QoL in the PCS dimension among men was recorded in the 30-39 age group (OR = 3.65;Cl:1.13-11.79). In the group of people over 50 years of age living in the village, there was a greater chance of a better QoL in the PCS dimension in each age group. Practicing physical activity was significantly more often conditioned by a higher chance of developing a better QoL (p < 0.05). In the group of people ≥80 years of age, there was a greater than 4 times higher chance of developing a better quality of life in terms of MCS among physically active people (OR = 4.38;Cl:1.62-11.83). Conclusion With age, QoL decreases among people with disabilities. Men are more likely to assess their health better. A better QoL among women occurs at age 80 and later. A higher level of education often determined a significantly higher level of QoL felt. The practising of recreational physical activity and the lack of smoking habit determined a higher level of QoL more often. Smoking provided a greater chance of a better QoL in ILQ in the group of people ≥80 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Krawczyk-Suszek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kleinrok
- Institute of Humanities and Medicine, Academy of Zamosc, Zamosc, Poland
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Xu J, Hu Q, Li J, Zhou Y, Chu T. Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on patients with sarcopenic obesity: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290085. [PMID: 37566595 PMCID: PMC10420348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systematic evaluation of the improvement effect of non-pharmacological intervention on patients with sarcopenic obesity. METHODS Wanfang, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched systematically for randomized controlled trials (RCTS) and experimental studies of non-pharmacological interventions on patients with sarcopenic obesity. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases to October 31, 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. RESULTS A total of 18 studies involving 1,109 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that non-pharmacological interventions improved patients' body weight [mean difference, MD = -2.74, 95% CI (-4.79, -0.70), P = 0.009], body fat percentage [MD = -0.67, 95% CI (-0.96, -0.38), P<0.00001], grip strength [MD = 1.29, 95% CI (0.81, 1.77), P<0.00001], gait speed [MD = 0.05, 95% CI (0.03, 0.07), P<0.00001], and knee extension strength [MD = 2.56, 95% CI (1.30, 3.82), P<0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS Non-pharmacological interventions can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs of patients with sarcopenic obesity. Dissemination of this information will be therapeutically useful. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration. The PROSPERO No. is CRD42023403341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixi Zhou
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Chu
- Nursing School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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Ragni M, Fenaroli F, Ruocco C, Segala A, D’Antona G, Nisoli E, Valerio A. A balanced formula of essential amino acids promotes brain mitochondrial biogenesis and protects neurons from ischemic insult. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197208. [PMID: 37397466 PMCID: PMC10308218 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the aging process, and aging is a strong risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury characterized by impairment of mitochondrial function. Among these, ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability worldwide. Pharmacological approaches for its prevention and therapy are limited. Although non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, which promotes brain mitochondrial biogenesis, have been shown to exert preventive effects against ischemic stroke, regular feasibility is complex in older people, and nutraceutical strategies could be valuable alternatives. We show here that dietary supplementation with a balanced essential amino acid mixture (BCAAem) increased mitochondrial biogenesis and the endogenous antioxidant response in the hippocampus of middle-aged mice to an extent comparable to those elicited by treadmill exercise training, suggesting BCAAem as an effective exercise mimetic on brain mitochondrial health and disease prevention. In vitro BCAAem treatment directly exerted mitochondrial biogenic effects and induced antioxidant enzyme expression in primary mouse cortical neurons. Further, exposure to BCAAem protected cortical neurons from the ischemic damage induced by an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia (oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD). BCAAem-mediated protection against OGD was abolished in the presence of rapamycin, Torin-1, or L-NAME, indicating the requirement of both mTOR and eNOS signaling pathways in the BCAAem effects. We propose BCAAem supplementation as an alternative to physical exercise to prevent brain mitochondrial derangements leading to neurodegeneration and as a nutraceutical intervention aiding recovery after cerebral ischemia in conjunction with conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ragni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fenaroli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Segala
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
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Yang M, Liu C, Jiang N, Liu Y, Luo S, Li C, Zhao H, Han Y, Chen W, Li L, Xiao L, Sun L. Mitochondrial homeostasis: a potential target for delaying renal aging. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1191517. [PMID: 37397494 PMCID: PMC10308014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1191517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, which are the energy factories of the cell, participate in many life activities, and the kidney is a high metabolic organ that contains abundant mitochondria. Renal aging is a degenerative process associated with the accumulation of harmful processes. Increasing attention has been given to the role of abnormal mitochondrial homeostasis in renal aging. However, the role of mitochondrial homeostasis in renal aging has not been reviewed in detail. Here, we summarize the current biochemical markers associated with aging and review the changes in renal structure and function during aging. Moreover, we also review in detail the role of mitochondrial homeostasis abnormalities, including mitochondrial function, mitophagy and mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation, in renal aging. Finally, we describe some of the current antiaging compounds that target mitochondria and note that maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a potential strategy against renal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Bean AC, Sahu A, Piechocki C, Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Bedoni M, Ambrosio F. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation enhances the ability of serum extracellular vesicles to regenerate aged skeletal muscle after injury. Exp Gerontol 2023; 177:112179. [PMID: 37087025 PMCID: PMC10278579 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Exercise promotes healthy aging of skeletal muscle. This benefit may be mediated by youthful factors in the circulation released in response to an exercise protocol. While numerous studies to date have explored soluble proteins as systemic mediators of rejuvenating effect of exercise on tissue function, here we showed that the beneficial effect of skeletal muscle contractile activity on aged muscle function is mediated, at least in part, by regenerative properties of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). Muscle contractile activity elicited by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) decreased intensity of expression of the tetraspanin surface marker, CD63, on circulating EVs. Moreover, NMES shifted the biochemical Raman fingerprint of circulating EVs in aged animals with significant changes in lipid and sugar content in response to NMES when compared to controls. As a demonstration of the physiological relevance of these EV changes, we showed that intramuscular administration of EVs derived from aged animals subjected to NMES enhanced aged skeletal muscle healing after injury. These studies suggest that repetitive muscle contractile activity enhances the regenerative properties of circulating EVs in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Bean
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Camilla Piechocki
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | | | | | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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Aya V, Jimenez P, Muñoz E, Ramírez JD. Effects of exercise and physical activity on gut microbiota composition and function in older adults: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:364. [PMID: 37308839 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characterization and research around the gut microbiome in older people emphasize microbial populations change considerably by losing the diversity of species. Then, this review aims to determine if there is any effect on the gut microbiota of adults older than 65 that starts an exercise intervention or improves physical activity level. Also, this review describes the changes in composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota of older subjects that had improved their physical activity level. METHODS The type of studies included in this review were studies describing human gut microbiota responses to any exercise stimulus; cross-sectional studies focused on comparing gut microbiota in older adults with different physical activity levels-from athletes to inactive individuals; studies containing older people (women and men), and studies written in English. This review's primary outcomes of interest were gut microbiota abundance and diversity. RESULTS Twelve cross-sectional studies and three randomized controlled trials were examined. Independently of the type of study, diversity metrics from Alpha and Beta diversity remained without changes in almost all the studies. Likewise, cross-sectional studies do not reflect significant changes in gut microbiota diversity; no significant differences were detected among diverse groups in the relative abundances of the major phyla or alpha diversity measures. Otherwise, relative abundance analysis showed a significant change in older adults who conducted an exercise program for five weeks or more at the genus level. CONCLUSIONS Here, we did not identify significant shifts in diversity metrics; only one study reported a significant difference in Alpha diversity from overweight people with higher physical activity levels. The abundance of some bacteria is higher in aged people, after an exercise program, or in comparison with control groups, especially at the genus and species levels. There needs to be more information related to function and metabolic pathways that can be crucial to understand the effect of exercise and physical activity in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID: CRD42022331551.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Aya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología de la Universidad del Rosario-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula Jimenez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología de la Universidad del Rosario-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Enrique Muñoz
- Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología de la Universidad del Rosario-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
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Hortobágyi T, Vetrovsky T, Brach JS, van Haren M, Volesky K, Radaelli R, Lopez P, Granacher U. Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Quality in Older Individuals: A Systematic Scoping Review with Meta-Analyses. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:41. [PMID: 37278947 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantity and quality of skeletal muscle are important determinants of daily function and metabolic health. Various forms of physical exercise can improve muscle function, but this effect can be inconsistent and has not been systematically examined across the health-neurological disease continuum. The purpose of this systematic scoping review with meta-analyses was to determine the effects and potential moderators of exercise training on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MMQ, NMQ) in healthy older individuals. In addition and in the form of a scoping review, we examined the effects of exercise training on NMQ and MMQ in individuals with neurological conditions. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were included that examined the effects of exercise training on muscle quality (MQ) in older individuals with and without neurological conditions. Risk of bias and study quality were assessed (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0). We performed random-effects models using robust variance estimation and tested moderators using the approximate Hotelling-Zhang test. RESULTS Thirty studies (n = 1494, 34% females) in healthy older individuals and no studies in individuals with neurological conditions were eligible for inclusion. Exercise training had small effects on MMQ (g = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.40, p = 0.029). Heterogeneity was low (median I2 = 16%). Training and demographic variables did not moderate the effects of exercise on MMQ. There was no association between changes in MMQ and changes in functional outcomes. Exercise training improved NMQ (g = 0.68, 95% CI 0.35-1.01, p < 0.000) across all studies, in particular in higher-functioning older individuals (g = 0.72, 95% CI 0.38-1.06, p < 0.001), in lower extremity muscles (g = 0.74, 95% CI 0.35-1.13, p = 0.001), and after resistance training (g = 0.91; 95% CI 0.42-1.41, p = 0.001). Heterogeneity was very high (median I2 = 79%). Of the training and demographic variables, only resistance training moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ. High- versus low-intensity exercise moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ, but these effects were considered unreliable due to a low number of studies at high intensity. There was no association between changes in NMQ and changes in functional outcomes. CONCLUSION Exercise training has small effects on MMQ and medium-large effects on NMQ in healthy older individuals. There was no association between improvements in MQ and increases in muscle strength, mobility, and balance. Information on dose-response relations following training is currently lacking. There is a critical gap in muscle quality data for older individuals with lower function and neurological conditions after exercise training. Health practitioners should use resistance training to improve muscle function in older individuals. Well-designed studies are needed to examine the relevance of exercise training-induced changes in MQ in daily function in older individuals, especially to those with lower function and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Sport Research, Sports University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Tomas Vetrovsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer S Brach
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martijn van Haren
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Krystof Volesky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Regis Radaelli
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, CIPER, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Sattarifard H, Safaei A, Khazeeva E, Rastegar M, Davie JR. Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1/2) regulated gene expression in normal and disease states. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:204-219. [PMID: 36812480 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases (MSK) are epigenetic modifiers that regulate gene expression in normal and disease cell states. MSK1 and 2 are involved in a chain of signal transduction events bringing signals from the external environment of a cell to specific sites in the genome. MSK1/2 phosphorylate histone H3 at multiple sites, resulting in chromatin remodeling at regulatory elements of target genes and the induction of gene expression. Several transcription factors (RELA of NF-κB and CREB) are also phosphorylated by MSK1/2 and contribute to induction of gene expression. In response to signal transduction pathways, MSK1/2 can stimulate genes involved in cell proliferation, inflammation, innate immunity, neuronal function, and neoplastic transformation. Abrogation of the MSK-involved signaling pathway is among the mechanisms by which pathogenic bacteria subdue the host's innate immunity. Depending on the signal transduction pathways in play and the MSK-targeted genes, MSK may promote or hinder metastasis. Thus, depending on the type of cancer and genes involved, MSK overexpression may be a good or poor prognostic factor. In this review, we focus on mechanisms by which MSK1/2 regulate gene expression, and recent studies on their roles in normal and diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Sattarifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - Akram Safaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - Enzhe Khazeeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - James R Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
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Jaguri A, Al Thani AA, Elrayess MA. Exercise Metabolome: Insights for Health and Performance. Metabolites 2023; 13:694. [PMID: 37367852 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise has many benefits for physical and mental well-being. Metabolomics research has allowed scientists to study the impact of exercise on the body by analyzing metabolites released by tissues such as skeletal muscle, bone, and the liver. Endurance training increases mitochondrial content and oxidative enzymes, while resistance training increases muscle fiber and glycolytic enzymes. Acute endurance exercise affects amino acid metabolism, fat metabolism, cellular energy metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin metabolism. Subacute endurance exercise alters amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Chronic endurance exercise improves lipid metabolism and changes amino acid metabolism. Acute resistance exercise changes several metabolic pathways, including anaerobic processes and muscular strength. Chronic resistance exercise affects metabolic pathways, resulting in skeletal muscle adaptations. Combined endurance-resistance exercise alters lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, increasing anaerobic metabolic capacity and fatigue resistance. Studying exercise-induced metabolites is a growing field, and further research can uncover the underlying metabolic mechanisms and help tailor exercise programs for optimal health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayami Jaguri
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24811, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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47
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Cadar AN, Martin DE, Bartley JM. Targeting the hallmarks of aging to improve influenza vaccine responses in older adults. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37198683 PMCID: PMC10189223 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Age-related declines in immune response pose a challenge in combating diseases later in life. Influenza (flu) infection remains a significant burden on older populations and often results in catastrophic disability in those who survive infection. Despite having vaccines designed specifically for older adults, the burden of flu remains high and overall flu vaccine efficacy remains inadequate in this population. Recent geroscience research has highlighted the utility in targeting biological aging to improve multiple age-related declines. Indeed, the response to vaccination is highly coordinated, and diminished responses in older adults are likely not due to a singular deficit, but rather a multitude of age-related declines. In this review we highlight deficits in the aged vaccine responses and potential geroscience guided approaches to overcome these deficits. More specifically, we propose that alternative vaccine platforms and interventions that target the hallmarks of aging, including inflammation, cellular senescence, microbiome disturbances, and mitochondrial dysfunction, may improve vaccine responses and overall immunological resilience in older adults. Elucidating novel interventions and approaches that enhance immunological protection from vaccination is crucial to minimize the disproportionate effect of flu and other infectious diseases on older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia N Cadar
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Dominique E Martin
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jenna M Bartley
- UConn Center On Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Labata-Lezaun N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez S, López-de-Celis C, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Canet-Vintró M, R-Oviedo G, González-Rueda V, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Effectiveness of Different Training Modalities on Static Balance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051193. [PMID: 37240838 DOI: 10.3390/life13051193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: aging is associated with functional changes such as balance, which plays a critical role in older adults. Physical exercise has been established as a factor capable of modulating these age-related alterations. (2) Methods: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted. The systematic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, the SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases. Articles were included if participants were 65 years or older, healthy and performing resistance training, aerobic training, balance training or multicomponent training. Studies were excluded if there was a combination of training with other types of intervention. The protocol of this systematic review was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the code CRD42021233252 (3) Results: the search strategy found a total of 1103 studies. After removing duplicates and the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 335 healthy older adults analyzed. The results showed no significant differences between the intervention groups and the control groups after the exercise programs. (4) Conclusions: interventions based on different types of exercise improved static balance in elderly population, but without statistically significant difference in comparison with the control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Labata-Lezaun
- Campus Sant Cugat, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Actium Functional Anatomy Research Group, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Campus Sant Cugat, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Actium Functional Anatomy Research Group, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Clínica SINAPSIS, Fisioterapia, Pensament i Moviment, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Campus Sant Cugat, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Actium Functional Anatomy Research Group, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Campus Sant Cugat, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Actium Functional Anatomy Research Group, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Max Canet-Vintró
- Campus Sant Cugat, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Actium Functional Anatomy Research Group, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo R-Oviedo
- Campus Sant Cugat, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Actium Functional Anatomy Research Group, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa González-Rueda
- Campus Sant Cugat, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Actium Functional Anatomy Research Group, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Campus Sant Cugat, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Actium Functional Anatomy Research Group, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
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Hamilton KL, Selman C. Can exercise prevent the age-related decline in adaptive homeostasis? Evidence across organisms and tissues. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37130065 DOI: 10.1113/jp284583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science and The Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Colin Selman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Häfele MS, Alberton CL, Häfele V, Schaun GZ, Nunes GN, Calonego C, Castro TF, Andrade LS, Pinto SS. Water-Based Training Programs Improve Functional Capacity, Cognitive and Hemodynamic Outcomes? The ACTIVE Randomized Clinical Trial. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:24-34. [PMID: 35294330 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1935433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effects of 16 weeks of aerobic training (AT) to 8 weeks of AT followed by 8 weeks of combined training (CT), as well as to a control group (CG), on the functional, cognitive and hemodynamic responses of older women exercising in the aquatic environment. Materials and Methods: The study is a three-armed parallel randomized controlled clinical trial. For this, 52 older women were first randomized in an aerobic training (AT; n = 35) or control group (CG; n = 17). After 8 weeks of intervention, participants from AT group were again randomized into another 8-week period of either AT (n = 17) or combined training (CT; n = 18). AT was performed at the percentage of the heart rate corresponding to the anaerobic threshold, resistance training was performed with sets at maximal effort and the control group performed low-intensity therapeutic exercises in water. All outcomes were assessed before (week 0) and after the intervention (week 17). In addition, some outcomes were also investigated in the middle timepoint (week 9). Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α = 0.05) were used to compare timepoints and groups. Results: All groups similarly improved functional capacity (3-11%) and blood pressure (-4 to -10%), whereas cognitive function was not modified for any group. Conclusion: Water-based training programs and therapeutic exercises (i.e., CG) improve functional capacity and blood pressure responses in older women. Clinical Trials NCT03892278.
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