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Zhao Y, Sun B, Fu X, Zuo Z, Qin H, Yao K. YAP in development and disease: Navigating the regulatory landscape from retina to brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116703. [PMID: 38713948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The distinctive role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the nervous system has attracted widespread attention. This comprehensive review strategically uses the retina as a vantage point, embarking on an extensive exploration of YAP's multifaceted impact from the retina to the brain in development and pathology. Initially, we explore the crucial roles of YAP in embryonic and cerebral development. Our focus then shifts to retinal development, examining in detail YAP's regulatory influence on the development of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), and its significant effects on the hierarchical structure and functionality of the retina. We also investigate the essential contributions of YAP in maintaining retinal homeostasis, highlighting its precise regulation of retinal cell proliferation and survival. In terms of retinal-related diseases, we explore the epigenetic connections and pathophysiological regulation of YAP in diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Lastly, we broaden our exploration from the retina to the brain, emphasizing the research paradigm of "retina: a window to the brain." Special focus is given to the emerging studies on YAP in brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), underlining its potential therapeutic value in neurodegenerative disorders and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xuefei Fu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuan Zuo
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Rajput SN, Naeem BK, Ali A, Salim A, Khan I. Expansion of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:410-433. [PMID: 38690517 PMCID: PMC11056638 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i4.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that possess the potential for self-renewal with the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages. In humans, their limited numbers pose a challenge in fulfilling the necessary demands for the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues or organs. Studies suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), necessary for repair and regeneration via transplantation, require doses ranging from 10 to 400 million cells. Furthermore, the limited expansion of MSCs restricts their therapeutic application. AIM To optimize a novel protocol to achieve qualitative and quantitative expansion of MSCs to reach the targeted number of cells for cellular transplantation and minimize the limitations in stem cell therapy protocols. METHODS Human umbilical cord (hUC) tissue derived MSCs were obtained and re-cultured. These cultured cells were subjected to the following evaluation procedures: Immunophenotyping, immunocytochemical staining, trilineage differentiation, population doubling time and number, gene expression markers for proliferation, cell cycle progression, senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression, mycoplasma, cytomegalovirus and endotoxin detection. RESULTS Analysis of pluripotent gene markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog in recultured hUC-MSC revealed no significant differences. The immunophenotypic markers CD90, CD73, CD105, CD44, vimentin, CD29, Stro-1, and Lin28 were positively expressed by these recultured expanded MSCs, and were found negative for CD34, CD11b, CD19, CD45, and HLA-DR. The recultured hUC-MSC population continued to expand through passage 15. Proliferative gene expression of Pax6, BMP2, and TGFb1 showed no significant variation between recultured hUC-MSC groups. Nevertheless, a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle was observed in recultured hUC-MSCs. Cellular senescence markers (hTERT expression and β-galactosidase activity) did not show any negative effect on recultured hUC-MSCs. Additionally, quality control assessments consistently confirmed the absence of mycoplasma, cytomegalovirus, and endotoxin contamination. CONCLUSION This study proposes the development of a novel protocol for efficiently expanding stem cell population. This would address the growing demand for larger stem cell doses needed for cellular transplantation and will significantly improve the feasibility of stem cell based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiqa Naeem Rajput
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Kiran Naeem
- Surgical Unit 4, Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi 74400, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan.
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Grönroos P, Mörö A, Puistola P, Hopia K, Huuskonen M, Viheriälä T, Ilmarinen T, Skottman H. Bioprinting of human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells with hydrazone crosslinked hyaluronic acid bioink. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:81. [PMID: 38486306 PMCID: PMC10941625 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human corneal endothelial cells lack regenerative capacity through cell division in vivo. Consequently, in the case of trauma or dystrophy, the only available treatment modality is corneal tissue or primary corneal endothelial cell transplantation from cadaveric donor which faces a high global shortage. Our ultimate goal is to use the state-of-the-art 3D-bioprint technology for automated production of human partial and full-thickness corneal tissues using human stem cells and functional bioinks. In this study, we explore the feasibility of bioprinting the corneal endothelium using human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells and hydrazone crosslinked hyaluronic acid bioink. METHODS Corneal endothelial cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells were bioprinted using optimized hydrazone crosslinked hyaluronic acid based bioink. Before the bioprinting process, the biocompatibility of the bioink with cells was first analyzed with transplantation on ex vivo denuded rat and porcine corneas as well as on denuded human Descemet membrane. Subsequently, the bioprinting was proceeded and the viability of human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells were verified with live/dead stainings. Histological and immunofluorescence stainings involving ZO1, Na+/K+-ATPase and CD166 were used to confirm corneal endothelial cell phenotype in all experiments. Additionally, STEM121 marker was used to identify human cells from the ex vivo rat and porcine corneas. RESULTS The bioink, modified for human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells successfully supported both the viability and printability of the cells. Following up to 10 days of ex vivo transplantations, STEM121 positive cells were confirmed on the Descemet membrane of rat and porcine cornea demonstrating the biocompatibility of the bioink. Furthermore, biocompatibility was validated on denuded human Descemet membrane showing corneal endothelial -like characteristics. Seven days post bioprinting, the corneal endothelial -like cells were viable and showed polygonal morphology with expression and native-like localization of ZO-1, Na+/K+-ATPase and CD166. However, mesenchymal-like cells were observed in certain areas of the cultures, spreading beneath the corneal endothelial-like cell layer. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the successful printing of human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells using covalently crosslinked hyaluronic acid bioink. This approach not only holds promise for a corneal endothelium transplants but also presents potential applications in the broader mission of bioprinting the full-thickness human cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyry Grönroos
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anni Mörö
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Puistola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Karoliina Hopia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maija Huuskonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Taina Viheriälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tanja Ilmarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
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Xue JY, Fan HY, Zeng Z, Zhou YH, Hu SY, Li SX, Cheng YJ, Meng XR, Chen F, Shao ZQ, Van de Peer Y. Comprehensive regulatory networks for tomato organ development based on the genome and RNAome of MicroTom tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad147. [PMID: 37691964 PMCID: PMC10483172 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroTom has a short growth cycle and high transformation efficiency, and is a prospective model plant for studying organ development, metabolism, and plant-microbe interactions. Here, with a newly assembled reference genome for this tomato cultivar and abundant RNA-seq data derived from tissues of different organs/developmental stages/treatments, we constructed multiple gene co-expression networks, which will provide valuable clues for the identification of important genes involved in diverse regulatory pathways during plant growth, e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and fruit development. Additionally, non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs were also identified, together with their potential targets. Interacting networks between different types of non-coding RNAs (miRNA-lncRNA), and non-coding RNAs and genes (miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-mRNA) were constructed as well. Our results and data will provide valuable information for the study of organ differentiation and development of this important fruit. Lastly, we established a database (http://eplant.njau.edu.cn/microTomBase/) with genomic and transcriptomic data, as well as details of gene co-expression and interacting networks on MicroTom, and this database should be of great value to those who want to adopt MicroTom as a model plant for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Xue
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai-Yun Fan
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai-Ya Hu
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sai-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying-Juan Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Meng
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Tropical Crops, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Swamynathan SK, Swamynathan S. Corneal epithelial development and homeostasis. Differentiation 2023; 132:4-14. [PMID: 36870804 PMCID: PMC10363238 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE), the most anterior cellular structure of the eye, is a self-renewing stratified squamous tissue that protects the rest of the eye from external elements. Each cell in this exquisite three-dimensional structure needs to have proper polarity and positional awareness for the CE to serve as a transparent, refractive, and protective tissue. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the molecular and cellular events involved in the embryonic development, post-natal maturation, and homeostasis of the CE, and how they are regulated by a well-coordinated network of transcription factors. This review summarizes the status of related knowledge and aims to provide insight into the pathophysiology of disorders caused by disruption of CE development, and/or homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Huang L, Peng J, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Wang H, Gui J, Li N. Diversity of clinical phenotypes in a cohort of Han Chinese patients with PAX6 variants. Front Genet 2023; 14:1011060. [PMID: 36816037 PMCID: PMC9934858 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1011060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The PAX6 gene plays an important role in ocular development. Mutations of the PAX6 gene may result in a series of ocular abnormalities, including congenital aniridia, anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), progressive corneal opacification, glaucoma, and hypoplasia of the fovea and optic nerve, leading to reduced visual acuity and even blindness. This study aimed to describe the diversity of clinical features caused by PAX6 pathogenic variants in 45 Han Chinese patients from 23 unrelated families. All patients underwent detailed clinical assessment. Genetic testing was performed to identify pathogenic variations in the PAX6 gene by next-generation sequencing, minigene splicing assay, RT-qPCR, and long-range PCR. Twenty pathogenic variations were detected in the PAX6 gene from 12 pedigrees and 11 sporadic patients, of which 12 were previously reported and 8 were novel. The clinical phenotypes obtained as a result of the PAX6 gene mutations were complicated and vary among patients, even among those who carried the same variants. Genetic testing is helpful for differential diagnosis. Our genetic findings will expand the spectrum of pathogenic variations in the PAX6 gene. PAX6 pathogenic variants not only cause defects in ocular tissues, such as the iris and retina, but also lead to maldevelopment of the whole eye, resulting in microphthalmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Gui
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingang Gui, ; Ningdong Li,
| | - Ningdong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China,Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingang Gui, ; Ningdong Li,
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Xie P, Batur J, An X, Yasen M, Fu X, Jia L, Luo Y. Novel, alternative splicing signature to detect lymph node metastasis in prostate adenocarcinoma with machine learning. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1084403. [PMID: 36713568 PMCID: PMC9880415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1084403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of lymph node metastasis leads to a poor prognosis for prostate cancer (Pca). Recently, many studies have indicated that gene signatures may be able to predict the status of lymph nodes. The purpose of this study is to probe and validate a new tool to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) based on alternative splicing (AS). Methods Gene expression profiles and clinical information of prostate adenocarcinoma cohort were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the corresponding RNA-seq splicing events profiles were obtained from the TCGA SpliceSeq. Limma package was used to identify the differentially expressed alternative splicing (DEAS) events between LNM and non-LNM groups. Eight machine learning classifiers were built to train with stratified five-fold cross-validation. SHAP values was used to explain the model. Results 333 differentially expressed alternative splicing (DEAS) events were identified. Using correlation filter and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, a 96 AS signature was identified that had favorable discrimination in the training set and validated in the validation set. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was the best classifier after 100 iterations of training. The LDA classifier was able to distinguish between LNM and non-LNM with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.962 ± 0.026 in the training set (D1 = 351) and 0.953 in the validation set (D2 = 62). The decision curve analysis plot proved the clinical application of the AS-based model. Conclusion Machine learning combined with AS data could robustly distinguish between LNM and non-LNM in Pca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jesur Batur
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin An
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Musha Yasen
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Suining County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Yun Luo,
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Liu S, Tang S, Yang G, Li Q. Lysine Demethylase 1B Promotes Tear Secretion Disorder in Sjogren's Syndrome by Regulating the PAX6/CLU Axis. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:28-38. [PMID: 36542318 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of lysine demethylase 1B (KDM1B) have been probed in multiple diseases, but the effects of KDM1B on SS remained obscure. The study aimed to unravel the efficiency of KDM1B on SS progression via the paired box 6 (PAX6)/clusterin (CLU) axis. NODB10. H2b mice were selected to establish the SS model. KDM1B, Pax6, and CLU expression in SS mice was assessed. Adeno-associated viruses carrying KDM1B, Pax6, and CLU were injected into the SS mice to detect tear secretion, epithelium corneal fluorescein staining scores, and levels of specific markers of lacrimal gland epithelial cells, neurotransmitter receptors that induce secretion from the lacrimal gland, and genes encoding normal tear components. The relation among KDM1B, Pax6, and CLU was examined. The rescue experiments were conducted for verifying the interaction among KDM1B, Pax6, and CLU. KDM1B expression was elevated, while Pax6 and CLU levels were decreased in the lacrimal gland tissues of SS mouse models. KDM1B decrement and Pax6 augmentation improved tear secretion, reduced corneal fluorescein staining score, decreased levels of specific markers of lacrimal gland epithelial cells, and increased levels of neurotransmitter receptors that induce secretion from the lacrimal gland and genes encoding normal tear components. KDM1D suppressed Pax6 expression by mediating H3K4me2 demethylation. Pax6 promoted the expression of CLU at the transcriptional level by binding to the CLU promoter. Silencing of Pax6 or CLU could reverse the effects of KDM1B reduction on improving the tear secretion disorder of SS mice. Silencing KDM1B mitigates the tear secretion disorder of SS mice via modulating the Pax6/CLU axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China.
| | - Shaohua Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Qingnan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
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Jinling D, Liyuan F, Wenying F, Yuting H, Xiangyu T, Xiuning H, Yu T, Qianliang M, Linming G, Ning G, Peng L. Parthenolide promotes expansion of Nestin+ progenitor cells via Shh modulation and contributes to post-injury cerebellar replenishment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1051103. [PMID: 36386224 PMCID: PMC9651157 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Regeneration of injuries occurring in the central nervous system is extremely difficult. Studies have shown that the developing cerebellum can be repopulated by a group of Nestin-expressing progenitors (NEPs) after irradiation injury, suggesting that modulating the mobilization of NEPs is beneficial to promoting nerve regeneration. To date, however, effect of exogenous pharmaceutical agonist on NEPs mobilization remains unknown. Parthenolide (PTL), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from shoots of feverfew. Although it has been shown to possess several pharmacological activities and is considered to have potential therapeutic effects on the regeneration of peripheral nerve injury, its efficacy in promoting central nervous system (CNS) regeneration is unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and possible mechanism of PTL on regeneration in injured CNS after irradiation using a developing cerebellum model. Methods: We investigated the radioprotective effects of PTL on the developing cerebellum by immunoblotting as well as immunofluorescence staining and ROS detection in vivo and in vitro experiments, and then determined the effects of PTL on NEPs in Nestin CFP and Nestin GFP fluorescent mice. Inducible lineage tracing analysis was used in Nestin-CreERT2×ROSA26-LSL YFP mice to label and track the fate of NEPs in the cerebellum after irradiation. Combined with cell biology and molecular biology techniques to determine changes in various cellular components in the cerebellum and possible mechanisms of PTL on NEPs mobilization in the injured developing cerebellum. Results: We found that PTL could attenuate radiation-induced acute injury of granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) in irradiated cerebellar external granule layer (EGL) by alleviating apoptosis through regulation of the cells' redox state. Moreover, PTL increased cerebellar Shh production and secretion by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting expansion of NEPs, which is the compensatory replenishment of granule neurons after radiation damage. Conclusion: Collectively, our results indicate that activation and expansion of NEPs are critical for regeneration of the injured cerebellum, and that PTL is a promising drug candidate to influence this process.
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Shen J, Lou H, Yu Q, Yao H, Yuan J. The Connection between High Myopia Patients and MiR-708a or MiR-148 Expression Levels in Aqueous Studies of Visual Acuity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3363830. [PMID: 36277877 PMCID: PMC9584676 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3363830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myopia goes far beyond the inconvenience it brings. It is a prevailing and vision-threatening eye disease, especially in Asia. Aberrantly expressed miR-708a and miR-148 are critical for accurate diagnosis, good prognosis, and precise response prediction of myopia. In this paper, we aim to examine the potential contributions of miR-708a, miR-148a, and PAX6 to high myopia (HM). First, aqueous samples were taken from 25 exclusively HM eyes and 25 exclusively cataract eyes. For next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, RNA from sample 30one was used. Twenty more samples were used for RT-qPCR. 341 miRNAs in total were found in HM eyes; 249 mature miRNAs and 17 new miRNAs showed differential expression. The expression of hsa-miR-127-3p, hsa-let-7i-5p, and hsa-miR-98-5p was identified using RT-qPCR. MiR-708a and miR-148, which may be linked to the development of myopia and serve as possible biomarkers, are notably highly expressed in atrial tissues of HM patients. Our findings may help deepen the understanding of the mechanisms behind the high expression of miR-708a and miR-148 in atrial tissues of patients with HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315040 Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315040 Zhejiang, China
| | - Qihua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315040 Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyan Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315040 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianshu Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315040 Zhejiang, China
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Ni W, Li Z, Ai K. lncRNA ZFPM2-AS1 promotes retinoblastoma progression by targeting microRNA miR-511-3p/paired box protein 6 (PAX6) axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1637-1649. [PMID: 34989314 PMCID: PMC8805943 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2021346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play crucial roles in retinoblastoma progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of lncRNA ZFPM2-AS1 (ZFPM2-AS1) in retinoblastoma progression. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting assays were performed to determine the expression of lncRNA, microRNA (miRNA), mRNA, and protein. The changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell migration were assessed by functional experiments. The interaction between ZFPM2-AS1, miR-511-3p, and paired box protein 6 (PAX6) was confirmed by a luciferase assay. Our study found that ZFPM2-AS1 and PAX6 were upregulated, whereas miR-511-3p was downregulated in retinoblastoma. ZFPM2-AS1 inhibition decreased the viability and migration of retinoblastoma cells. We also found that ZFPM2-AS1 targets miR-511-3p to upregulate PAX6 in Y79 and SO-RB50 cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that inhibiting miR-511-3p reversed the negative effects of silencing ZFPM2-AS1 and PAX6 on retinoblastoma cell viability and migration. In conclusion, retinoblastoma development is regulated by the ZFPM2-AS1/511-3p/PAX6 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Third Hospital Guanggu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Third Hospital Guanggu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kui Ai
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Third Hospital Guanggu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yu F, Zhang W, Yan C, Yan D, Zhou M, Chen J, Zhao X, Zhu A, Zhou J, Liu H, Sun H, Fu Y. PAX6, modified by SUMOylation, plays a protective role in corneal endothelial injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:683. [PMID: 32826860 PMCID: PMC7442823 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treating corneal endothelial diseases tends to be challenging as human corneal endothelial cells (CECs) do not proliferate in vivo. The pathogenesis or mechanisms underlying injured CECs need further studies. The abnormal expression of PAX6, which is an essential transcription factor for corneal homeostasis, exhibits corneal endothelial defects. However, the effects of PAX6 protein involved in corneal endothelial wound process are still unknown. Here, we found the upregulated protein levels of PAX6 in human corneal endothelial monolayer after injury; the expression of PAX6 also increased in murine and rat corneal endothelium injury models. Enforced PAX6 expression could alleviate the damages to CECs via regulating permeability by prompting cellular tight junction. In addition, SUMOylation mainly happened on both K53 and K89 residues of 48-kD PAX6 (the longest and main isoform expressed in cornea), and de-SUMOylation promoted the stability of PAX6 protein in vitro. In CECs of SENP1+/− mice, increased SUMOylation levels leading to instability and low expression of PAX6, delayed the repair of CECs after injury. Furthermore, overexpression of PAX6 accelerated the rate of corneal endothelial repair of SENP1+/− mice. Our findings indicate that SENP1-mediated de-SUMOylation improving the stability of PAX6, amplifies the protective effects of PAX6 on corneal endothelial injuries, highlighting potentials of PAX6 and/or SUMOylation to be used as a treatment target for corneal endothelial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chenxi Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Junzhao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiangteng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Aoxue Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Park JW, Fu S, Huang B, Xu RH. Alternative splicing in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1229-1240. [PMID: 32627865 PMCID: PMC7586970 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation and maturation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to mesodermal and other lineages are known to be controlled by various extrinsic and intrinsic signals. The dysregulation of the MSC differentiation balance has been linked to several pathophysiological conditions, including obesity and osteoporosis. Previous research of the molecular mechanisms governing MSC differentiation has mostly focused on transcriptional regulation. However, recent findings are revealing the underrated role of alternative splicing (AS) in MSC differentiation and functions. In this review, we discuss recent progress in elucidating the regulatory roles of AS in MSC differentiation. We catalogue and highlight the key AS events that modulate MSC differentiation to major osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, and discuss the regulatory mechanisms by which AS is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Park
- Center for Reproduction, Development, and Aging and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Fu
- Center for Reproduction, Development, and Aging and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Borong Huang
- Center for Reproduction, Development, and Aging and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Center for Reproduction, Development, and Aging and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
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