1
|
Schepici G, Gugliandolo A, Mazzon E. Serum-Free Cultures: Could They Be a Future Direction to Improve Neuronal Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126391. [PMID: 35742836 PMCID: PMC9223839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells with multilinear potential, known for their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Although the scientific community is working to improve their application, concerns limit their use to repair tissues following neurological damage. One of these obstacles is represented by the use of culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), which, due to its xenogenic nature and the risk of contamination, has increased scientific, ethical and safety problems. Therefore, the use of serum-free media could improve MSC culture methods, avoiding infectious and immunogenic transmission problems as well as MSC bioprocesses, without the use of animal components. The purpose of our review is to provide an overview of experimental studies that demonstrate that serum-free cultures, along with the supplementation of growth factors or chemicals, can lead to a more defined and controlled environment, enhancing the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of MSCs.
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin M, Koçer G, Paez JI. Luciferin-Bioinspired Click Ligation Enables Hydrogel Platforms with Fine-Tunable Properties for 3D Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5017-5032. [PMID: 35060712 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in coupling reactions for cross-linking of cell-encapsulating hydrogels under biocompatible, chemoselective, and tunable conditions. Inspired by the biosynthesis of luciferins in fireflies, here we exploit the cyanobenzothiazole-cysteine (CBT-Cys) click ligation to develop polyethylene glycol hydrogels as tunable scaffolds for cell encapsulation. Taking advantage of the chemoselectivity and versatility of CBT-Cys ligation, a highly flexible gel platform is reported here. We demonstrate luciferin-inspired hydrogels with important advantages for cell encapsulation applications: (i) gel precursors derived from inexpensive reagents and with good stability in aqueous solution (>4 weeks), (ii) adjustable gel mechanics within physiological ranges (E = 180-6240 Pa), (iii) easy tunability of the gelation rate (seconds to minutes) by external means, (iv) high microscale homogeneity, (v) good cytocompatibility, and (iv) regulable biological properties. These flexible and robust CBT-Cys hydrogels are proved as supportive matrices for 3D culture of different cell types, namely, fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings expand the toolkit of click chemistries for the fabrication of tunable biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minye Jin
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2-2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gülistan Koçer
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2-2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julieta I Paez
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2-2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diba M, Spaans S, Hendrikse SIS, Bastings MMC, Schotman MJG, van Sprang JF, Wu DJ, Hoeben FJM, Janssen HM, Dankers PYW. Engineering the Dynamics of Cell Adhesion Cues in Supramolecular Hydrogels for Facile Control over Cell Encapsulation and Behavior. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008111. [PMID: 34337776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) forms through hierarchical assembly of small and larger polymeric molecules into a transient, hydrogel-like fibrous network that provides mechanical support and biochemical cues to cells. Synthetic, fibrous supramolecular networks formed via non-covalent assembly of various molecules are therefore potential candidates as synthetic mimics of the natural ECM, provided that functionalization with biochemical cues is effective. Here, combinations of slow and fast exchanging molecules that self-assemble into supramolecular fibers are employed to form transient hydrogel networks with tunable dynamic behavior. Obtained results prove that modulating the ratio between these molecules dictates the extent of dynamic behavior of the hydrogels at both the molecular and the network level, which is proposed to enable effective incorporation of cell-adhesive functionalities in these materials. Excitingly, the dynamic nature of the supramolecular components in this system can be conveniently employed to formulate multicomponent supramolecular hydrogels for easy culturing and encapsulation of single cells, spheroids, and organoids. Importantly, these findings highlight the significance of molecular design and exchange dynamics for the application of supramolecular hydrogels as synthetic ECM mimics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Diba
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Spaans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Simone I S Hendrikse
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje M C Bastings
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike J G Schotman
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Johnick F van Sprang
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Jing Wu
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J M Hoeben
- SyMO-Chem B.V., Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, AZ 5612, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M Janssen
- SyMO-Chem B.V., Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, AZ 5612, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soheilmoghaddam F, Rumble M, Cooper-White J. High-Throughput Routes to Biomaterials Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10792-10864. [PMID: 34213880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many existing clinical treatments are limited in their ability to completely restore decreased or lost tissue and organ function, an unenviable situation only further exacerbated by a globally aging population. As a result, the demand for new medical interventions has increased substantially over the past 20 years, with the burgeoning fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine showing promise to offer solutions for full repair or replacement of damaged or aging tissues. Success in these fields, however, inherently relies on biomaterials that are engendered with the ability to provide the necessary biological cues mimicking native extracellular matrixes that support cell fate. Accelerating the development of such "directive" biomaterials requires a shift in current design practices toward those that enable rapid synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials and the coupling of these processes with techniques that enable similarly rapid quantification and optimization of the interactions between these new material systems and target cells and tissues. This manuscript reviews recent advances in combinatorial and high-throughput (HT) technologies applied to polymeric biomaterial synthesis, fabrication, and chemical, physical, and biological screening with targeted end-point applications in the fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Limitations of, and future opportunities for, the further application of these research tools and methodologies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Madeleine Rumble
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mukherjee N, Adak A, Ghosh S. Recent trends in the development of peptide and protein-based hydrogel therapeutics for the healing of CNS injury. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10046-10064. [PMID: 32724981 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00885k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) cause millions of deaths and permanent or prolonged physical disabilities around the globe every year. It generally happens due to various incidents, such as accidents during sports, war, physical assault, and strokes which result in severe damage to brain and spinal cord. If this remains untreated, traumatic CNS injuries may lead to early development of several neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson, multiple sclerosis, and other mental illnesses. The initial physical reaction, which is also termed as the primary phase, includes swelling, followed by inflammation as a result of internal haemorrhage causing damage to indigenous tissue, i.e., axonal shear injury, rupture of blood vessels, and partial impaired supply of oxygen and essential nutrients in the neurons, thereby initiating a cascade of events causing secondary injuries such as hypoxia, hypotension, cognitive impairment, seizures, imbalanced calcium homeostasis and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity resulting in concomitant neuronal cell death and cumulative permanent tissue damage. In the modern era of advanced biomedical technology, we are still living with scarcity of the clinically applicable comparative non-invasive therapeutic strategies for regeneration or functional recovery of neurons or neural networks after a massive CNS injury. One of the key reasons for this scarcity is the limited regenerative ability of neurons in CNS. Growth-impermissive glial scar and the lack of a synthetic biocompatible platform for proper neural tissue engineering and controlled supply of drugs further retard the healing process. Injectable or implantable hydrogel materials, consisting majorly of water in its porous three-dimensional (3D) structure, can serve as an excellent drug delivery platform as well as a transplanted cell-supporting scaffold medium. Among the various neuro-compatible bioinspired materials, we are limiting our discussion to the recent advancement of engineered biomaterials comprising mainly of peptides and proteins due to their growing demand, low immunogenicity and versatility in the fabrication of neuro regenerative medicine. In this article, we try to explore all the recent scientific avenues that are developing gradually to make peptide and peptide-conjugated biomaterial hydrogels as a therapeutic and supporting scaffold for treating CNS injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Mukherjee
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaushik G, Gupta K, Harms V, Torr E, Evans J, Johnson HJ, Soref C, Acevedo‐Acevedo S, Antosiewicz‐Bourget J, Mamott D, Uhl P, Johnson BP, Palecek SP, Beebe DJ, Thomson JA, Daly WT, Murphy WL. Engineered Perineural Vascular Plexus for Modeling Developmental Toxicity. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000825. [PMID: 32613760 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a vital need to develop in vitro models of the developing human brain to recapitulate the biological effects that toxic compounds have on the brain. To model perineural vascular plexus (PNVP) in vitro, which is a key stage in embryonic development, human embryonic stem cells (hESC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs), neural progenitor cells, and microglia (MG) with primary pericytes (PCs) in synthetic hydrogels in a custom-designed microfluidics device are cocultured. The formation of a vascular plexus that includes networks of ECs (CD31+, VE-cadherin+), MG (IBA1+), and PCs (PDGFRβ+), and an overlying neuronal layer that includes differentiated neuronal cells (βIII Tubulin+, GFAP+) and radial glia (Nestin+, Notch2NL+), are characterized. Increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion and differential metabolite secretion by the vascular plexus and the neuronal cells over time are consistent with PNVP functionality. Multiple concentrations of developmental toxicants (teratogens, microglial disruptor, and vascular network disruptors) significantly reduce the migration of ECs and MG toward the neuronal layer, inhibit formation of the vascular network, and decrease vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secretion. By quantifying 3D cell migration, metabolic activity, vascular network disruption, and cytotoxicity, the PNVP model may be a useful tool to make physiologically relevant predictions of developmental toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Kartik Gupta
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave. Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Victoria Harms
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Elizabeth Torr
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Jonathan Evans
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Hunter J. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Cheryl Soref
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Suehelay Acevedo‐Acevedo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | | | - Daniel Mamott
- Morgridge Institute for Research 330 N Orchard St Madison WI 53715 USA
| | - Peyton Uhl
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Brian P. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1685 Highland Ave. Madison WI 53705 USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Center Research 600 Highland Ave. Madison WI 53792 USA
| | - James A. Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research 330 N Orchard St Madison WI 53715 USA
| | - William T. Daly
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamann A, Thomas AK, Kozisek T, Farris E, Lück S, Zhang Y, Pannier AK. Screening a chemically defined extracellular matrix mimetic substrate library to identify substrates that enhance substrate-mediated transfection. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:606-619. [PMID: 32183552 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220913501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonviral gene delivery, though limited by inefficiency, has extensive utility in cell therapy, tissue engineering, and diagnostics. Substrate-mediated gene delivery (SMD) increases efficiency and allows transfection at a cell-biomaterial interface, by immobilizing and concentrating nucleic acid complexes on a surface. Efficient SMD generally requires substrates to be coated with serum or other protein coatings to mediate nucleic acid complex immobilization, as well as cell adhesion and growth; however, this strategy limits reproducibility and may be difficult to translate for clinical applications. As an alternative, we screened a chemically defined combinatorial library of 20 different extracellular matrix mimetic substrates containing combinations of (1) different sulfated polysaccharides that are essential extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), with (2) mimetic peptides derived from adhesion proteins, growth factors, and cell-penetrating domains, for use as SMD coatings. We identified optimal substrates for DNA lipoplex and polyplex SMD transfection of fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells. Optimal extracellular matrix mimetic substrates varied between cell type, donor source, and transfection reagent, but typically contained Heparin GAG and an adhesion peptide. Multiple substrates significantly increased transgene expression (i.e. 2- to 20-fold) over standard protein coatings. Considering previous research of similar ligands, we hypothesize extracellular matrix mimetic substrates modulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and survival, as well as plasmid internalization and trafficking. Our results demonstrate the utility of screening combinatorial extracellular matrix mimetic substrates for optimal SMD transfection towards application- and patient-specific technologies. Impact statement Substrate-mediated gene delivery (SMD) approaches have potential for modification of cells in applications where a cell-material interface exists. Conventional SMD uses ill-defined serum or protein coatings to facilitate immobilization of nucleic acid complexes, cell attachment, and subsequent transfection, which limits reproducibility and clinical utility. As an alternative, we screened a defined library of extracellular matrix mimetic substrates containing combinations of different glycosaminoglycans and bioactive peptides to identify optimal substrates for SMD transfection of fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells. This strategy could be utilized to develop substrates for specific SMD applications in which variability exists between different cell types and patient samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hamann
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Alvin K Thomas
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Tyler Kozisek
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Eric Farris
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Steffen Lück
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parisi L, Toffoli A, Ghezzi B, Mozzoni B, Lumetti S, Macaluso GM. A glance on the role of fibronectin in controlling cell response at biomaterial interface. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2019; 56:50-55. [PMID: 31890058 PMCID: PMC6928270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactivity of biomaterials is closely related to cell response in contact with them. However, shortly after their insertion, materials are soon covered with proteins that constitute the biological fluids, and which render the direct surface recognition by cells almost impossible. The control of protein adsorption at the interface is therefore desirable. Extracellular matrix proteins are of particular interest in this sense, due to their well-known ability to modulate cell behavior. Particularly, fibronectin plays a leading role, being present in both healthy and injured tissues undergoing healing and regeneration. The aim of the present work is to give an overview on fibronectin and on its involvement in the control of cell behavior providing evidence of its pivotal role in the control of cell adhesion, spreading, migration, proliferation and differentiation. A deep insight into methods to enrich biomaterials surface with fibronectin will be then discussed, as well as new cues on the possibility to design tailored platforms able to specifically retain fibronectin from the surrounding extracellular milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Parisi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Labor für Orale Molekularbiologie, Klinik für Kieferorthopädie, Zahnmedizinische Klinik, Universität Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Present address: Labor für Orale Molekularbiologie, Klinik für Kieferorthopädie, Zahnmedizinische Kliniken, Universität Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Toffoli
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ghezzi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Beatrice Mozzoni
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Lumetti
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Guido M. Macaluso
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e l’Elettromagnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Madl CM, Heilshorn SC. Rapid Diels-Alder Cross-linking of Cell Encapsulating Hydrogels. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:8035-8043. [PMID: 32410775 PMCID: PMC7224313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts in the design of hydrogel biomaterials have focused on better mimicking the native cellular microenvironment to direct cell fate. To simultaneously control multiple material parameters, several orthogonal chemistries may be needed. However, present strategies to prepare cell-encapsulating hydrogels make use of relatively few chemical reactions. To expand this chemical toolkit, we report the preparation of hydrogels based on a Diels-Alder reaction between fulvenes and maleimides with markedly improved gelation kinetics and hydrolytic stability. Fulvene-maleimide gels cross-link up to 10-times faster than other commonly used DA reaction pairs and remain stable for months under physiological conditions. Furthermore, fulvene-maleimide gels presenting relevant biochemical cues, such as cell-adhesive ligands and proteolytic degradability, support the culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Finally, this rapid DA reaction was combined with an orthogonal click reaction to demonstrate how the use of selective chemistries can provide new avenues to incorporate multiple functionalities in hydrogel materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Madl
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive CCSR 4215, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patil S, Singh N. Silk fibroin-alginate based beads for human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in 3D. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4687-4697. [PMID: 31486468 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lately silk fibroin has gained a lot of popularity as a tissue engineering scaffold due to its exceptional mechanical properties, negligible inflammatory reactions, remarkable biocompatibility, and tunable biodegradability. Nonetheless, 3 dimensional (3D) silk fibroin based scaffolds, which allow simultaneous formation of scaffolds and cell encapsulation with minimal damage to the cells, are unavailable, as most of the methods involve the use of some cell destructive techniques. Thus, cells have to be loaded after the scaffold formation and the study has to rely upon the ability of the cells to penetrate the scaffold to obtain a 3D microenvironment. Hence, these platforms do not allow for a true 3D system replicating the in vivo environment. Here silk fibroin-alginate based beads have been developed, and retain silk fibroin for a longer period of time and allow for simultaneous cell encapsulation as the crosslinking method is cell-compatible. It is demonstrated for the first time that these silk fibroin-alginate beads can be used to encapsulate the cells at varying cell densities depending on the desired application. These beads were further used to study the effect of functional groups on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation in 3D, by utilizing carboxylic groups naturally present in alginate as well as introducing phosphate groups. The results showed that these beads were able to support the growth and proliferation of hMSCs and induced differentiation solely due to functional groups within 14 days. These beads were better in directing hMSC differentiation into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages compared to 2D surfaces and differentiation media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Patil
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India. and Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cereceres S, Lan Z, Bryan L, Whitely M, Wilems T, Fabela N, Whitfield-Cargile C, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. In Vivo Characterization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels with Thio-β Esters. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:953-967. [PMID: 31139974 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resorbable hydrogels have numerous potential applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery due to their highly tunable properties and soft tissue-like mechanical properties. The incorporation of esters into the backbone of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels has been used to develop libraries of hydrogels with tunable degradation rates. However, these synthetic strategies used to increase degradation rate often result in undesired changes in the hydrogel physical properties such as matrix modulus or swelling. In an effort to decouple degradation rate from other hydrogel properties, we inserted thio-β esters into the poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate backbone to introduce labile bonds without changing macromer molecular weight. This allowed the number of hydrolytically labile thio-β esters to be controlled through changing the ratios of this modified macromer to the original macromer without affecting network properties. The retention of hydrogel properties at different macromer ratios was confirmed by measuring gel fraction, swelling ratio, and compressive modulus. The tunable degradation profiles were characterized both in vitro and in vivo. Following confirmation of cytocompatibility after exposure to the hydrogel degradation products, the in vivo host response was evaluated in comparison to medical grade silicone. Collectively, this work demonstrates the utility and tunability of these hydrolytically degradable hydrogels for a wide variety of tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Cereceres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ziyang Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME 3.503D, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Laura Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael Whitely
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Thomas Wilems
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME 3.503D, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Natalia Fabela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Canaan Whitfield-Cargile
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME 3.503D, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dhillon J, Young SA, Sherman SE, Bell GI, Amsden BG, Hess DA, Flynn LE. Peptide-modified methacrylated glycol chitosan hydrogels as a cell-viability supporting pro-angiogenic cell delivery platform for human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:571-585. [PMID: 30390406 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies involving the injection of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) within rationally designed biomaterials are a promising approach for stimulating angiogenesis. With this focus, the current work explored the effects of incorporating integrin-binding RGD or IKVAV peptides within in situ-gelling N-methacrylate glycol chitosan (MGC) hydrogels on the response of encapsulated human ASCs. Initial studies focused on hydrogel characterization to validate that the MGC, MGC-RGD, and MGC-IKVAV hydrogels had similar biomechanical properties. ASC viability following encapsulation and culture under 2% O2 was significantly impaired in the MGC-IKVAV group relative to the MGC and MGC-RGD groups. In contrast, sustained viability, along with enhanced cell spreading and metabolic activity were observed in the MGC-RGD group. Investigation of angiogenic transcription suggested that the incorporation of the peptide groups did not substantially alter the pro-angiogenic gene expression profile of the encapsulated ASCs after 7 days of culture under 2% O2. Consistent with the in vitro findings, preliminary in vivo characterization following subcutaneous implantation into NOD/SCID mice showed that ASC retention was enhanced in the MGC-RGD hydrogels relative to the MGC-IKVAV group at 14 days. Further, the encapsulated ASCs in the MGC and MGC-RGD groups promoted murine CD31+ endothelial cell recruitment to the peri-implant region. Overall, the results indicate that the MGC-RGD and MGC hydrogels are promising platforms for ASC delivery, and suggest that strategies that support long-term ASC viability can augment in vivo angiogenesis through paracrine mechanisms. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 571-585, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jobanpreet Dhillon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stuart A Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sherman
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian G Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Patel R, Santhosh M, Dash JK, Karpoormath R, Jha A, Kwak J, Patel M, Kim JH. Ile-Lys-Val-ala-Val (IKVAV) peptide for neuronal tissue engineering. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Patel
- Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College; Yonsei University; 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu Incheon South Korea 21983
| | - Mallesh Santhosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781039 Assam India
| | - Jatis Kumar Dash
- Department of Physics; SRM University-AP; Amaravati 522502 Guntur India
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences; University of Kwa Zulu Natal; Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry; Acadia University; Wolfville NS Canada
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; The University of Seoul; Seoul 02504 South Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seodaemungu Seoul 120-750 South Korea
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Yonsei University; 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Stem cells are a powerful resource for many applications including regenerative medicine, patient-specific disease modeling, and toxicology screening. However, eliciting the desired behavior from stem cells, such as expansion in a naïve state or differentiation into a particular mature lineage, remains challenging. Drawing inspiration from the native stem cell niche, hydrogel platforms have been developed to regulate stem cell fate by controlling microenvironmental parameters including matrix mechanics, degradability, cell-adhesive ligand presentation, local microstructure, and cell-cell interactions. We survey techniques for modulating hydrogel properties and review the effects of microenvironmental parameters on maintaining stemness and controlling differentiation for a variety of stem cell types. Looking forward, we envision future hydrogel designs spanning a spectrum of complexity, ranging from simple, fully defined materials for industrial expansion of stem cells to complex, biomimetic systems for organotypic cell culture models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Madl
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Green H, Ochbaum G, Gitelman-Povimonsky A, Bitton R, Rapaport H. RGD-presenting peptides in amphiphilic and anionic β-sheet hydrogels for improved interactions with cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10072-10080. [PMID: 35540811 PMCID: PMC9078708 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12503h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in developing functional biomaterials based on designed peptides has been increasing in recent years. The amphiphilic and anionic β-sheet peptide Pro-Asp-(Phe-Asp)5-Pro, denoted FD, was previously shown to assemble into a hydrogel that induces adsorption of calcium and phosphate ions and formation of the bone mineral hydroxyapatite. In this study the integrin binding peptide, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), was incorporated into the hydrogel to assess its influence on an osteoblast culture. In solutions and in hydrogels FD fibrils dominated the assembly structures for up to 25 mol% FD-RGD incorporation. The cellular density of osteoblasts cultured in hydrogels composed of 25 mol% FD-RGD in FD was higher than that of only FD hydrogel cultures. These results demonstrate that RGD and possibly other cell binding motifs can be combined into amphiphilic and anionic β-sheet hydrogels, using the design principles of FD and FD-RGD systems, to enhance interactions with cells. Schematic presentation of 25% mol FD-RGD in FD anionic β-sheet peptide assemblies (left) that form fibrils (middle). Hydrogels composed of this coassembled peptide system improved cell density compared to FD only hydrogels.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hodaya Green
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Guy Ochbaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Anna Gitelman-Povimonsky
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Hanna Rapaport
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Asghari Sana F, Çapkın Yurtsever M, Kaynak Bayrak G, Tunçay EÖ, Kiremitçi AS, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Spreading, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on chitosan scaffolds immobilized with RGD or fibronectin. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:617-630. [PMID: 28653139 PMCID: PMC5507842 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) became more attractive for therapeutic purposes because of their high proliferation and differentiation potential. Thus, coupling the desired cellular characteristics of hDPSCs with good biomaterial properties of the chitosan scaffolds provide an interesting approach for tissue engineering applications. On the other hand, scaffold surface modification is also needed to promote stem cell adhesion since chitosan lacks adhesion motifs to support direct cell anchorage. In this study, hDPSCs were isolated from third molars of healthy female individuals (aged 16-25) with enzymatic digestion. For cell culture studies, the chitosan scaffolds which have approximately 9 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness with interconnected structure were prepared by freeze-drying. To support cellular attachment the scaffolds were covalently immobilized with either RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) or fibronectin (Fn) molecules. Cells were seeded on chitosan scaffolds with or without immobilized RGD and fibronectin. Cell attachment, spreading, adhesion behaviors and proliferation capacity were examined by scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining and PrestoBlue® assays, respectively. In addition, differentiation potential of hDPSCs on Fn immobilized chitosan scaffolds was determined with real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that chitosan scaffolds were not able to support stem cell attachment. hDPSCs on chitosan scaffolds formed spheroids more quickly and the size of spheroids were smaller than on chitosan-RGD while Fn-immobilized chitosan scaffolds strongly supported cellular attachment but not odontogenic differentiation. The results suggest that the Fn-immobilized chitosan scaffolds may serve as good three-dimensional substrates for dental pulp stem cell attachment and proliferation. In the case of dental regeneration, they must be supported by appropriate biosignals to induce odontogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Asghari Sana
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ekin Özge Tunçay
- Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arlin S Kiremitçi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McKee C, Chaudhry GR. Advances and challenges in stem cell culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:62-77. [PMID: 28780462 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) hold great promise for cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. They have the capacity to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types depending upon their source of isolation. However, use of SCs for clinical applications requires a high quality and quantity of cells. This necessitates large-scale expansion of SCs followed by efficient and homogeneous differentiation into functional derivatives. Traditional methods for maintenance and expansion of cells rely on two-dimensional (2-D) culturing techniques using plastic culture plates and xenogenic media. These methods provide limited expansion and cells tend to lose clonal and differentiation capacity upon long-term passaging. Recently, new approaches for the expansion of SCs have emphasized three-dimensional (3-D) cell growth to mimic the in vivo environment. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing SCs using 2-D and 3-D techniques involving spheroids, biomaterials, and bioreactors. In addition, potential challenges to achieve billion-fold expansion of cells are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences , Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Allazetta S, Negro A, Lutolf MP. Microfluidic Programming of Compositional Hydrogel Landscapes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Allazetta
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering; Institute of Bioengineering; School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - A. Negro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering; Institute of Bioengineering; School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - M. P. Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering; Institute of Bioengineering; School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; School of Basic Sciences; EPFL; CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hesse E, Freudenberg U, Niemietz T, Greth C, Weisser M, Hagmann S, Binner M, Werner C, Richter W. Peptide-functionalized starPEG/heparin hydrogels direct mitogenicity, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in vitro and in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:229-239. [PMID: 28083992 DOI: 10.1002/term.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cartilage lesions, but available strategies still provide a distinct composition of the extracellular matrix and an inferior mechanical property compared to native cartilage. To achieve fully functional tissue replacement more rationally designed biomaterials may be needed, introducing bioactive molecules which modulate cell behavior and guide tissue regeneration. This study aimed at exploring the impact of cell-instructive, adhesion-binding (GCWGGRGDSP called RGD) and collagen-binding (CKLER/CWYRGRL) peptides, incorporated in a tunable, matrixmetalloprotease (MMP)-responsive multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG)/heparin hydrogel on cartilage regeneration parameters in vitro and in vivo. MMP-responsive-starPEG-conjugates with cysteine termini and heparin-maleimide, optionally pre-functionalized with RGD, CKLER, CWYRGRL or control peptides, were cross-linked by Michael type addition to embed and grow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or chondrocytes. While starPEG/heparin-hydrogel strongly supported chondrogenesis of MSC according to COL2A1, BGN and ACAN induction, MMP-degradability enhanced cell viability and proliferation. RGD-modification of the gels promoted cell spreading with intense cell network formation without negative effects on chondrogenesis. However, CKLER and CWYRGRL were unable to enhance the collagen content of constructs. RGD-modification allowed more even collagen type II distribution by chondrocytes throughout the MMP-responsive constructs, especially in vivo. Collectively, peptide-instruction via heparin-enriched MMP-degradable starPEG allowed adjustment of self-renewal, cell morphology and cartilage matrix distribution in order to guide MSC and chondrocyte-based cartilage regeneration towards an improved outcome. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Hesse
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Dresden University of Technology, Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Germany
| | - Thomas Niemietz
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carina Greth
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Weisser
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Hagmann
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Binner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Dresden University of Technology, Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Dresden University of Technology, Centre for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21305-21314. [PMID: 28423506 PMCID: PMC5400585 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common diseases involving necrotic inflammation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have the potential of multi-directional differentiation and self-renewal for tissue repair. It remains less clear if granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can improve the therapeutic effect of BMMSC transplant in AP. Therefore, we explored this issue in a rat model of experimental AP. RESULTS Transplanted PKH26-positive BMMSCs were present in the injured pancreatic tissue, with some cells co-expressed pancreatic cellular markers, including Pax-4, Ngn3 and Nkx-6. Pathological, biochemical and serological data suggested an improvement in histological and functional recovery in these animals relative to control. Overall, the AP model rats received BMMSCs and G-CSF co-treatment showed better recovery in terms of tissue regeneration and blood biochemical levels relative to other groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS BMMSCs from donor rats were labeled with the fluorescent dye PKH26 and transfused into recipient rats with AP induced by L-arginine. The animals were divided into a control group, and groups treated with BMMSCs, G-CSF, and BMMSCs together with G-CSF. Therapeutic effects were evaluated histologically with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, together with biochemical measurement of pancreatic markers. CONCLUSION G-CSF therapy with BMMSC transplantation improves histological and functional outcomes in rats with experimental AP.
Collapse
|
22
|
Madl CM, Heilshorn SC. Tyrosine-Selective Functionalization for Bio-Orthogonal Cross-Linking of Engineered Protein Hydrogels. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:724-730. [PMID: 28151642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineered protein hydrogels have shown promise as artificial extracellular matrix materials for the 3D culture of stem cells due to the ability to decouple hydrogel biochemistry and mechanics. The modular design of these proteins allows for incorporation of various bioactive sequences to regulate cellular behavior. However, the chemistry used to cross-link the proteins into hydrogels can limit what bioactive sequences can be incorporated, in order to prevent nonspecific cross-linking within the bioactive region. Bio-orthogonal cross-linking chemistries may allow for the incorporation of any arbitrary bioactive sequence, but site-selective and scalable incorporation of bio-orthogonal reactive groups such as azides that do not rely on commonly used amine-reactive chemistry is often challenging. In response, we have optimized the reaction of an azide-bearing 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) with engineered elastin-like proteins (ELPs) to selectively azide-functionalize tyrosine residues within the proteins. The PTAD-azide functionalized ELPs cross-link with bicyclononyne (BCN) functionalized ELPs via the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction to form hydrogels. Human mesenchymal stem cells and murine neural progenitor cells encapsulated within these hydrogels remain highly viable and maintain their phenotypes in culture. Tyrosine-specific modification may expand the number of bioactive sequences that can be designed into protein-engineered materials by permitting incorporation of lysine-containing sequences without concern for nonspecific cross-linking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Madl
- Department of Bioengineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Bioengineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Smith Callahan LA. Combinatorial Method/High Throughput Strategies for Hydrogel Optimization in Tissue Engineering Applications. Gels 2016; 2:E18. [PMID: 30674150 PMCID: PMC6318679 DOI: 10.3390/gels2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial method/high throughput strategies, which have long been used in the pharmaceutical industry, have recently been applied to hydrogel optimization for tissue engineering applications. Although many combinatorial methods have been developed, few are suitable for use in tissue engineering hydrogel optimization. Currently, only three approaches (design of experiment, arrays and continuous gradients) have been utilized. This review highlights recent work with each approach. The benefits and disadvantages of design of experiment, array and continuous gradient approaches depending on study objectives and the general advantages of using combinatorial methods for hydrogel optimization over traditional optimization strategies will be discussed. Fabrication considerations for combinatorial method/high throughput samples will additionally be addressed to provide an assessment of the current state of the field, and potential future contributions to expedited material optimization and design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Smith Callahan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Madl CM, Katz LM, Heilshorn SC. Bio-Orthogonally Crosslinked, Engineered Protein Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanics and Biochemistry for Cell Encapsulation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3612-3620. [PMID: 27642274 PMCID: PMC5019573 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201505329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Covalently-crosslinked hydrogels are commonly used as 3D matrices for cell culture and transplantation. However, the crosslinking chemistries used to prepare these gels generally cross-react with functional groups present on the cell surface, potentially leading to cytotoxicity and other undesired effects. Bio-orthogonal chemistries have been developed that do not react with biologically relevant functional groups, thereby preventing these undesirable side reactions. However, previously developed biomaterials using these chemistries still possess less than ideal properties for cell encapsulation, such as slow gelation kinetics and limited tuning of matrix mechanics and biochemistry. Here, engineered elastin-like proteins (ELPs) are developed that cross-link via strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) or Staudinger ligation. The SPAAC-crosslinked materials form gels within seconds and complete gelation within minutes. These hydrogels support the encapsulation and phenotypic maintenance of human mesenchymal stem cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and murine neural progenitor cells. SPAAC-ELP gels exhibit independent tuning of stiffness and cell adhesion, with significantly improved cell viability and spreading observed in materials containing a fibronectin-derived arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) domain. The crosslinking chemistry used permits further material functionalization, even in the presence of cells and serum. These hydrogels are anticipated to be useful in a wide range of applications, including therapeutic cell delivery and bioprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lily M. Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Le NNT, Zorn S, Schmitt SK, Gopalan P, Murphy WL. Hydrogel arrays formed via differential wettability patterning enable combinatorial screening of stem cell behavior. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:93-103. [PMID: 26386315 PMCID: PMC4794413 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have developed a novel method for forming hydrogel arrays using surfaces patterned with differential wettability. Our method for benchtop array formation is suitable for enhanced-throughput, combinatorial screening of biochemical and biophysical cues from chemically defined cell culture substrates. We demonstrated the ability to generate these arrays without the need for liquid handling systems and screened the combinatorial effects of substrate stiffness and immobilized cell adhesion peptide concentration on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior during short-term 2-dimensional cell culture. Regardless of substrate stiffness, hMSC initial cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation were linearly correlated with immobilized CRGDS peptide concentration. Increasing substrate stiffness also resulted in increased hMSC initial cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation; however, examination of the combinatorial effects of CRGDS peptide concentration and substrate stiffness revealed potential interplay between these distinct substrate signals. Maximal hMSC proliferation seen on substrates with either high stiffness or high CRGDS peptide concentration suggests that some baseline level of cytoskeletal tension was required for hMSC proliferation on hydrogel substrates and that multiple substrate signals could be engineered to work in synergy to promote mechanosensing and regulate cell behavior. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Our novel array formation method using surfaces patterned with differential wettability offers the advantages of benchtop array formation for 2-dimensional cell cultures and enhanced-throughput screening without the need for liquid handling systems. Hydrogel arrays formed via our method are suitable for screening the influence of chemical (e.g. cell adhesive ligands) and physical (stiffness, size, shape, and thickness) substrate properties on stem cell behavior. The arrays are also fully compatible with commercially available micro-array add-on systems, which allows for simultaneous control of the insoluble and soluble cell culture environment. This study used hydrogel arrays to demonstrate that synergy between cell adhesion and mechanosensing can be used to regulate hMSC behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nhi T Le
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stefan Zorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha K Schmitt
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Patel M, Moon HJ, Ko DY, Jeong B. Composite System of Graphene Oxide and Polypeptide Thermogel As an Injectable 3D Scaffold for Adipogenic Differentiation of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5160-9. [PMID: 26844684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) have evolved into new platforms for biomedical research as biosensors, imaging agents, and drug delivery carriers. In particular, the unique surface properties of GO can be an important tool in modulating cellular behavior and various biological sequences. Here, we report that a composite system of graphene oxide/polypeptide thermogel (GO/P), prepared by temperature-sensitive sol-to-gel transition of a GO-suspended poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-alanine) (PEG-PA) aqueous solution significantly enhances the expression of adipogenic biomarkers, including PPAR-γ, CEBP-α, LPL, AP2, ELOVL3, and HSL, compared to both a pure hydrogel system and a composite system of G/P, graphene-incorporated hydrogel. We prove that insulin, an adipogenic differentiation factor, preferentially adhered to GO, is supplied to the incorporated stem cells in a sustained manner over the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture period. On the other hand, insulin is partially denatured in the presence of G and interferes with the adipogenic differentiation of the stem cells. The study suggests that a 2D/3D composite system is a promising platform as a 3D cell culture matrix, where the surface properties of 2D materials in modulating the fates of the stem cells are effectively transcribed in a 3D culture system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Du Young Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim J, Kong YP, Niedzielski SM, Singh RK, Putnam AJ, Shikanov A. Characterization of the crosslinking kinetics of multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels formed via Michael-type addition. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2076-85. [PMID: 26750719 PMCID: PMC4749500 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02668g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tunable properties of multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel, crosslinked by Michael-type addition, support diverse applications in tissue engineering. Bioactive modification of PEG is achieved by incorporating integrin binding sequences, like RGD, and crosslinking with tri-functional protease sensitive crosslinking peptide (GCYKNRGCYKNRCG), which compete for the same reactive groups in PEG. This competition leads to a narrow range of conditions that support sufficient crosslinking density to provide structural control. Kinetics of hydrogel formation plays an important role in defining the conditions to form hydrogels with desired mechanical and biological properties, which have not been fully characterized. In this study, we explored how increasing PEG functionality from 4 to 8-arms and the concentration of biological moieties, ranging from 0.5 mM to 3.75 mM, affected the kinetics of hydrogel formation, storage modulus, and swelling after the hydrogels were allowed to form for 15 or 60 minutes. Next, human bone marrow stromal cells were encapsulated and cultured in these modified hydrogels to investigate the combined effect of mechano-biological properties on phenotypes of encapsulated cells. While the molar concentration of the reactive functional groups (-vinyl sulfone) was identical in the conditions comparing 4 and 8-arm PEG, the 8-arm PEG formed faster, allowed a greater degree of modification, and was superior in three-dimensional culture. The degrees of swelling and storage modulus of 8-arm PEG were less affected by the modification compared to 4-arm PEG. These findings suggest that 8-arm PEG allows a more precise control of mechanical properties that could lead to a larger spectrum of tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kitami M, Kaku M, Rocabado JMR, Ida T, Akiba N, Uoshima K. Prolonged Survival of Transplanted Osteoblastic Cells Does Not Directly Accelerate the Healing of Calvarial Bone Defects. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1974-82. [PMID: 26754153 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increased interest in cell-based bone regeneration, it is necessary to reveal the fate of transplanted cells and their substantive roles in bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to analyze the fate of transplanted cells and the effect of osteogenic cell transplantation on calvarial bone defect healing. An anti-apoptotic protein, heat shock protein (HSP) 27, was overexpressed in osteoblasts. Then, the treated osteoblasts were transplanted to calvarial bone defect and their fate was analyzed to evaluate the significance of transplanted cell survival. Transient overexpression of Hsp27 rescued MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells from H2 O2 -induced apoptosis without affecting osteoblastic differentiation in culture. Transplantation of Hsp27-overexpressing cells, encapsulated in collagen gel, showed higher proliferative activity, and fewer apoptotic cells in comparison with control cells. After 4-week of transplantation, both control cell- and Hsp27 overexpressed cell-transplanted groups showed significantly higher new bone formation in comparison with cell-free gel-transplantation group. Interestingly, the prolonged survival of transplanted osteoblastic cells by Hsp27 did not provide additional effect on bone healing. The transplanted cells in collagen gel survived for up to 4-week but did not differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts. In conclusion, cell-containing collagen gel accelerated calvarial bone defect healing in comparison with cell-free collagen gel. However, prolonged survival of transplanted cells by Hsp27 overexpression did not provide additional effect. These results strongly indicate that cell transplantation-based bone regeneration cannot be explained only by the increment of osteogenic cells. Further studies are needed to elucidate the practical roles of transplanted cells that will potentiate successful bone regeneration. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1974-1982, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kitami
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Takako Ida
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nami Akiba
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uoshima
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Improving Cell Engraftment in Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:7168797. [PMID: 26783405 PMCID: PMC4691492 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7168797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) affects millions of people worldwide. MI causes massive cardiac cell death and heart function decrease. However, heart tissue cannot effectively regenerate by itself. While stem cell therapy has been considered an effective approach for regeneration, the efficacy of cardiac stem cell therapy remains low due to inferior cell engraftment in the infarcted region. This is mainly a result of low cell retention in the tissue and poor cell survival under ischemic, immune rejection and inflammatory conditions. Various approaches have been explored to improve cell engraftment: increase of cell retention using biomaterials as cell carriers; augmentation of cell survival under ischemic conditions by preconditioning cells, genetic modification of cells, and controlled release of growth factors and oxygen; and enhancement of cell survival by protecting cells from excessive inflammation and immune surveillance. In this paper, we review current progress, advantages, disadvantages, and potential solutions of these approaches.
Collapse
|
30
|
Rodda AE, Meagher L, Nisbet DR, Forsythe JS. Specific control of cell–material interactions: Targeting cell receptors using ligand-functionalized polymer substrates. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
31
|
Murphy WL, McDevitt TC, Engler AJ. Materials as stem cell regulators. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:547-57. [PMID: 24845994 PMCID: PMC4163547 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The stem cell/material interface is a complex, dynamic microenvironment in which the cell and the material cooperatively dictate one another's fate: the cell by remodelling its surroundings, and the material through its inherent properties (such as adhesivity, stiffness, nanostructure or degradability). Stem cells in contact with materials are able to sense their properties, integrate cues via signal propagation and ultimately translate parallel signalling information into cell fate decisions. However, discovering the mechanisms by which stem cells respond to inherent material characteristics is challenging because of the highly complex, multicomponent signalling milieu present in the stem cell environment. In this Review, we discuss recent evidence that shows that inherent material properties may be engineered to dictate stem cell fate decisions, and overview a subset of the operative signal transduction mechanisms that have begun to emerge. Further developments in stem cell engineering and mechanotransduction are poised to have substantial implications for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William L. Murphy
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li B, Qiu T, Zhang P, Wang X, Yin Y, Li S. IKVAV regulates ERK1/2 and Akt signalling pathways in BMMSC population growth and proliferation. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:133-45. [PMID: 24617901 PMCID: PMC4232901 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The molecular mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) population growth and proliferation, induced by Isoleucyl‐lysyl‐valyl‐alanyl‐valine (IKVAV), was explored in this study. Materials and methods IKVAV peptides were synthesized by the solid‐phase method. Influence of IKVAV on BMMSC population growth and proliferation were investigated by assays of CCK‐8, flow cytometry, real‐time PCR and western blotting. Results IKVAV peptide was found to induce proliferation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) synthesis of BMMSC in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis showed that the proportion of IKVAV‐treated BMMSC in S phase in was higher than controls. Western blot results suggested that mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathways were activated by IKVAV by enhancing phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt in the BMMSCs. Meanwhile, phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt were partially blocked by ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) and Akt inhibitor (wortmannin), respectively. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that IKVAV stimulated BMMSC population growth and proliferation by activating MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. This study is the first to reveal an enhancement effect of IKVAV peptide on BMMSC at the signal transduction level, and the outcome could provide experimental evidence for application of IKVAV‐grafted scaffolds in the field of BMMSC‐based tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, and Biomaterials Science and Engineering Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mhanna R, Öztürk E, Vallmajo-Martin Q, Millan C, Müller M, Zenobi-Wong M. GFOGER-modified MMP-sensitive polyethylene glycol hydrogels induce chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1165-74. [PMID: 24134736 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment plays a crucial role in directing proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Cells interact with their microenvironment via integrins that recognize certain peptide sequences of extracellular matrix proteins. This receptor-ligand binding has profound impact on cell fate. Interactions of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with the triple helical collagen mimetic, GPC(GPP)5-GFOGER-(GPP)5GPC-NH2, and the fibronectin adhesion peptide, RGD, were studied in degradable or nondegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) gels formed by Michael-type addition chemistry. Proliferation, cytoskeletal morphology, and chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs were evaluated. The hMSCs adopted a highly spread morphology within the GFOGER-modified gels, whereas RGD induced a star-like spreading of the cells. hMSCs within GFOGER-modified degradable gels had a high proliferation rate compared with cells in peptide-free gels (p=0.017). Gene expression of type II collagen was highest in GFOGER-modified degradable gels after 21 days. Peptide incorporation increased GAG production in degradable gels after 7 and 21 days and GFOGER-modified degradable hydrogels had on average the highest GAG content, a finding that was confirmed by Alcian blue staining. In conclusion, the GFOGER peptide enhances proliferation in degradable PEG gels and provides a better chondrogenic microenvironment compared with the RGD peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Mhanna
- Cartilage Engineering+Regeneration Laboratory , ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thiele J, Ma Y, Bruekers SMC, Ma S, Huck WTS. 25th anniversary article: Designer hydrogels for cell cultures: a materials selection guide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:125-47. [PMID: 24227691 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell culturing, whether for tissue engineering or cell biology studies, always involves placing cells in a non-natural environment and no material currently exist that can mimic the entire complexity of natural tissues and variety of cell-matrix interactions that is found in vivo. Here, we review the vast range of hydrogels, composed of natural or synthetic polymers that provide a route to tailored microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Thiele
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hou Z, Zhang J, Schwartz MP, Stewart R, Page CD, Murphy WL, Thomson JA. A human pluripotent stem cell platform for assessing developmental neural toxicity screening. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4 Suppl 1:S12. [PMID: 24565336 PMCID: PMC3983661 DOI: 10.1186/scrt373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of affordable and effective testing and screening procedures mean surprisingly little is known about the health hazards of many of the tens of thousands of chemicals in use in the world today. The recent rise in the number of children affected by neurological disorders such as autism has stirred valuable debate about the role chemicals play in our daily life, highlighting the need for improved methods of assessing chemicals for developmental neural toxicity. Current methods of testing chemicals for developmental neural toxicity include animal testing with rats or mice and in vitro testing using cultured primary cells or cell lines. Here, we review the current state of neural toxicity screening, analyze the limitations of these methods and, under the National Institutes of Health's new Microphysiological Systems initiative, describe a human pluripotent stem cell-based platform for developmental neural toxicity screens.
Collapse
|
36
|
Differential effects of cell adhesion, modulus and VEGFR-2 inhibition on capillary network formation in synthetic hydrogel arrays. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2149-61. [PMID: 24332391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficient biomaterial screening platforms can test a wide range of extracellular environments that modulate vascular growth. Here, we used synthetic hydrogel arrays to probe the combined effects of Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (CRGDS) cell adhesion peptide concentration, shear modulus and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibition on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) viability, proliferation and tubulogenesis. HUVECs were encapsulated in degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels with defined CRGDS concentration and shear modulus. VEGFR2 activity was modulated using the VEGFR2 inhibitor SU5416. We demonstrate that synergy exists between VEGFR2 activity and CRGDS ligand presentation in the context of maintaining HUVEC viability. However, excessive CRGDS disrupts this synergy. HUVEC proliferation significantly decreased with VEGFR2 inhibition and increased modulus, but did not vary monotonically with CRGDS concentration. Capillary-like structure (CLS) formation was highly modulated by CRGDS concentration and modulus, but was largely unaffected by VEGFR2 inhibition. We conclude that the characteristics of the ECM surrounding encapsulated HUVECs significantly influence cell viability, proliferation and CLS formation. Additionally, the ECM modulates the effects of VEGFR2 signaling, ranging from changing the effectiveness of synergistic interactions between integrins and VEGFR2 to determining whether VEGFR2 upregulates, downregulates or has no effect on proliferation and CLS formation.
Collapse
|
37
|
LaPointe VLS, Verpoorte A, Stevens MM. The changing integrin expression and a role for integrin β8 in the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82035. [PMID: 24312400 PMCID: PMC3842320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cartilage tissue engineering approaches aim to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into chondrocytes and develop cartilage in vitro by targeting cell-matrix interactions. We sought to better inform the design of cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds by understanding how integrin expression changes during chondrogenic differentiation. In three models of in vitro chondrogenesis, we studied the temporal change of cartilage phenotype markers and integrin subunits during the differentiation of hMSCs. We found that transcript expression of most subunits was conserved across the chondrogenesis models, but was significantly affected by the time-course of differentiation. In particular, ITGB8 was up-regulated and its importance in chondrogenesis was further established by a knockdown of integrin β8, which resulted in a non-hyaline cartilage phenotype, with no COL2A1 expression detected. In conclusion, we performed a systematic study of the temporal changes of integrin expression during chondrogenic differentiation in multiple chondrogenesis models, and revealed a role for integrin β8 in chondrogenesis. This work enhances our understanding of the changing adhesion requirements of hMSCs during chondrogenic differentiation and underlines the importance of integrins in establishing a cartilage phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. S. LaPointe
- Departments of Materials and Bioengineering, and the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Verpoorte
- Departments of Materials and Bioengineering, and the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Departments of Materials and Bioengineering, and the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Raza A, Lin CC. The influence of matrix degradation and functionality on cell survival and morphogenesis in PEG-based hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1048-58. [PMID: 23776086 PMCID: PMC3819142 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two norbornene-functionalized PEG macromers are synthesized to render hydrogels with different hydrolytic degradability. Dithiol-containing linkers such as dithiothreitol or biscysteine-containing peptides are used to control proteolytic degradability. The influence of thiol-ene gel degradability on cell survival and morphogenesis in 3D is assessed using hMSCs and pancreatic MIN6 β cells. The initial cell viability can be negatively affected in highly crosslinked thiol-ene hydrogels. When cells are encapsulated in thiol-ene gels lacking cell-adhesive motifs, their survival and proliferation are promoted in more hydrolytically labile hydrogels. The degree of 3D cell spreading in encapsulated hMSCs is enhanced when the matrices are immobilized with cell-adhesive motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Raza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN. 46202, USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN. 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Alge DL, Azagarsamy MA, Donohue DF, Anseth KS. Synthetically tractable click hydrogels for three-dimensional cell culture formed using tetrazine-norbornene chemistry. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:949-53. [PMID: 23448682 PMCID: PMC3623454 DOI: 10.1021/bm4000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The implementation of bio-orthogonal
click chemistries is a topic
of growing importance in the field of biomaterials, as it is enabling
the development of increasingly complex hydrogel materials capable
of providing dynamic, cell-instructive microenvironments. Here, we
introduce the tetrazine–norbornene inverse electron demand
Diels–Alder reaction as a new cross-linking chemistry for the
formation of cell laden hydrogels. The fast reaction rate and irreversible
nature of this click reaction allowed for hydrogel formation within
minutes when a multifunctional PEG-tetrazine macromer was reacted
with a dinorbornene peptide. In addition, the cytocompatibility of
the polymerization led to high postencapsulation viability of human
mesenchymal stem cells, and the specificity of the tetrazine–norbornene
reaction was exploited for sequential modification of the network
via thiol–ene photochemistry. These advantages, combined with
the synthetic accessibility of the tetrazine molecule compared to
other bio-orthogonal click reagents, make this cross-linking chemistry
an interesting and powerful new tool for the development of cell-instructive
hydrogels for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Alge
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the BioFrontiers Institute, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
King WJ, Krebsbach PH. Growth factor delivery: how surface interactions modulate release in vitro and in vivo. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1239-56. [PMID: 22433783 PMCID: PMC3586795 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds have been extensively used to deliver growth factors to induce new bone formation. The pharmacokinetics of growth factor delivery has been a critical regulator of their clinical success. This review will focus on the surface interactions that control the non-covalent incorporation of growth factors into scaffolds and the mechanisms that control growth factor release from clinically relevant biomaterials. We will focus on the delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 from materials currently used in the clinical practice, but also suggest how general mechanisms that control growth factor incorporation and release delineated with this growth factor could extend to other systems. A better understanding of the changing mechanisms that control growth factor release during the different stages of preclinical development could instruct the development of future scaffolds for currently untreatable injuries and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J. King
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul H. Krebsbach
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pértile R, Moreira S, Andrade F, Domingues L, Gama M. Bacterial cellulose modified using recombinant proteins to improve neuronal and mesenchymal cell adhesion. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:526-32. [PMID: 22271600 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of biomaterials and bioactive molecules have been applied as scaffolds in neuronal tissue engineering. However, creating devices that enhance the regeneration of nervous system injuries is still a challenge, due the difficulty in providing an appropriate environment for cell growth and differentiation and active stimulation of nerve regeneration. In recent years, bacterial cellulose (BC) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for biomedical applications because of its properties such as high crystallinity, an ultrafine fiber network, high tensile strength, and biocompatibility. The small signaling peptides found in the proteins of extracellular matrix are described in the literature as promoters of adhesion and proliferation for several cell lineages on different surfaces. In this work, the peptide IKVAV was fused to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3) and used to modify BC surfaces, with the goal of promoting neuronal and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion. The recombinant proteins IKVAV-CBM3 and (19)IKVAV-CBM3 were successfully expressed in E. coli, purified through affinity chromatography, and stably adsorbed to the BC membranes. The effect of these recombinant proteins, as well as RGD-CBM3, on cell adhesion was evaluated by MTS colorimetric assay. The results showed that the (19)IKVAV-CBM3 was able to significantly improve the adhesion of both neuronal and mesenchymal cells and had no effect on the other cell lineages tested. The MSC neurotrophin expression in cells grown on BC membranes modified with the recombinant proteins was also analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pértile
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Koepsel JT, Brown PT, Loveland SG, Li WJ, Murphy WL. Combinatorial screening of chemically defined human mesenchymal stem cell culture substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 22:19474-19481. [PMID: 23976824 DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold are chemically defined substrates that can be used to evaluate the effects of an immobilized biomolecule. However, the types of biomolecules that can influence stem cell behavior are numerous and inter-related, and efficient experimental formats are a critical need. Here we employed a SAM array technology to investigate the effects of multiple, distinct peptides and peptide combinations on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior. Specifically, we characterized the conjugation of peptide mixtures to SAM arrays and then investigated the combined effects of a bone morphogenic protein receptor-binding peptide (BR-BP), a heparin proteoglycan-binding peptide (HPG-BP), and varied densities of the integrin-binding ligand Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP) on hMSC surface coverage and alkaline phosphatase activity. Results indicate that an amine reactive fluorescent probe can be used to characterize peptide composition after immobilization in SAM array spots. Furthermore, hMSC response to BR-BP and HPG-BP is dependent on GRGDSP density and at day 7, hMSC alkaline phosphatase expression is highly dependent on GRGDSP density. Taken together, we demonstrate how a SAM array approach can be used to probe the combinatorial effects of multiple peptides and motivate further investigations into potential synergies between cell adhesion and other bioactive peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Koepsel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1550 Engineering Dr., Engineering Centers Building, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 3706, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nguyen EH, Schwartz MP, Murphy WL. Biomimetic approaches to control soluble concentration gradients in biomaterials. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:483-92. [PMID: 21265021 PMCID: PMC3735129 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Soluble concentration gradients play a critical role in controlling tissue formation during embryonic development. The importance of soluble signaling in biology has motivated engineers to design systems that allow precise and quantitative manipulation of gradient formation in vitro. Engineering techniques have increasingly moved to the third dimension in order to provide more physiologically relevant models to study the biological role of gradient formation and to guide strategies for controlling new tissue formation for therapeutic applications. This review provides an overview of efforts to design biomimetic strategies for soluble gradient formation, with a focus on microfluidic techniques and biomaterials approaches for moving gradient generation to the third dimension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric H. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Michael P. Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA, Fax: (608) 265 9239. Department of Pharmacology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA. Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tekkatte C, Gunasingh GP, Cherian KM, Sankaranarayanan K. "Humanized" stem cell culture techniques: the animal serum controversy. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:504723. [PMID: 21603148 PMCID: PMC3096451 DOI: 10.4061/2011/504723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy is reaching a pinnacle with an understanding of the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to regenerate damaged tissue in the body. The limited numbers of these hMSCs in currently identified sources, like bone marrow, adipose tissue, and so forth, bring forth the need for their
in vitro culture/expansion. However, the extensive usage of supplements containing xenogeneic components in the expansion-media might pose a risk to the post-transplantation safety of patients. This warrants the necessity to identify and develop chemically defined or “humanized” supplements which would make
in vitro cultured/processed cells relatively safer for transplantation in regenerative medicine. In this paper, we outline the various caveats associated with conventionally used supplements of xenogenic origin and also portray the possible alternatives/additives which could one day herald the dawn of a new era in the translation of
in vitro cultured cells to therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Tekkatte
- Frontier Lifeline Pvt. Ltd., TICEL Biopark, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nayak TR, Jian L, Phua LC, Ho HK, Ren Y, Pastorin G. Thin films of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as suitable scaffold materials for stem cells proliferation and bone formation. ACS NANO 2010; 4:7717-7725. [PMID: 21117641 DOI: 10.1021/nn102738c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, human mesenchymal stem cells envisage extremely promising applications, due to their ability to differentiate into a wide range of connective tissue species on the basis of the substrate on which they grow. For the first time ever reported, we investigated the effects of a thin film of pegylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes spray dried onto preheated coverslips in terms of their ability to influence human mesenchymal stem cells' proliferation, morphology, and final differentiation into osteoblasts. Results clearly indicated that the homogeneous layer of functionalized nanotubes did not show any cytotoxicity and accelerated cell differentiation to a higher extent than carboxylated nanotubes or uncoated coverslips, by creating a more viable microenvironment for stem cells. Interestingly, cell differentiation occurred even in the absence of additional biochemical inducing agents, as evidenced by multiple independent criteria at the transcriptional, protein expression, and functional levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that functionalized carbon nanotubes represent a suitable scaffold toward a very selective differentiation into bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas R Nayak
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Block S15#05-PI-03, Singapore 117543
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu SQ, Tian Q, Hedrick JL, Po Hui JH, Ee PLR, Yang YY. Biomimetic hydrogels for chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to neocartilage. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7298-307. [PMID: 20615545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a collagen mimetic peptide (CMP) containing a GFOGER sequence flanked by GPO repeat units (sequence: (GPO)(4)GFOGER(GPO)(4)GCG, CMP) was synthesized and chemically incorporated into a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel through Michael addition chemistry. The PEG/collagen mimetic peptide hybrid hydrogel was used as a scaffold for encapsulation, proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into neocartilage/chondrocytes. Biophysical studies indicated that this peptide adopts stable triple helical conformation under simulated physiological conditions. Tetra hydroxyl PEG was functionalized to generate an acrylate group and reacted with the peptide, and hydrogels were formed in situ with the addition of cells and tetra sulfhydryl PEG via Michael addition. The effect of CMP on proliferation and chondrogenesis of hMSCs was investigated. The results demonstrated that PEG-CMP hydrogels provided a natural environment, which promoted chondrogenesis of hMSCs and enhanced secretion of cartilage specific ECM as compared to PEG hydrogels without the peptide. This was attributed to enhanced cell/matrix interactions via integrin beta1/GFOGER interactions. Further, chondrogenesis was found to be affected by matrix elasticity. Soft matrix induced a greater degree of chondrogenic differentiation; however, stiff matrix had an opposite effect, inhibiting chondrogenic differentiation probably due to limited mass transport. This soft PEG/CMP hydrogel shows promise as a biomimetic scaffold that provides a desirable environment for the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs and is useful for the repair of cartilage defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Qiong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen AA, Underhill GH, Bhatia SN. Multiplexed, high-throughput analysis of 3D microtissue suspensions. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:517-27. [PMID: 20820630 PMCID: PMC4124885 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue models have significantly improved our understanding of structure/function relationships and promise to lead to new advances in regenerative medicine. However, despite the expanding diversity of 3D tissue fabrication methods, approaches for functional assessment have been relatively limited. Here, we describe the fabrication of microtissue (μ-tissue) suspensions and their quantitative evaluation with techniques capable of analyzing large sample numbers and performing multiplexed parallel analysis. We applied this platform to 3D μ-tissues representing multiple stages of liver development and disease including: embryonic stem cells, bipotential hepatic progenitors, mature hepatocytes, and hepatoma cells photoencapsulated in polyethylene glycol hydrogels. Multiparametric μ-tissue cytometry enabled quantitation of fluorescent reporter expression within populations of intact μ-tissues (n≥ 10²-10³) and sorting-based enrichment of subsets for subsequent studies. Further, 3D μ-tissues could be implanted in vivo, respond to systemic stimuli, retrieved and quantitatively assessed. In order to facilitate multiplexed 'pooled' experimentation, fluorescent labeling strategies were developed and utilized to investigate the impact of μ-tissue composition and exposure to soluble factors. In particular, examination of drug/gene interactions on collections of 3D hepatoma μ-tissues indicated synergistic influence of doxorubicin and siRNA knockdown of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-XL. Collectively, these studies highlight the broad utility of μ-tissue suspensions as an enabling approach for high n, populational analysis of 3D tissue biology in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice A. Chen
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kubinová Š, Horák D, Kozubenko N, Vaněček V, Proks V, Price J, Cocks G, Syková E. The use of superporous Ac-CGGASIKVAVS-OH-modified PHEMA scaffolds to promote cell adhesion and the differentiation of human fetal neural precursors. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5966-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
49
|
King WJ, Jongpaiboonkit L, Murphy WL. Influence of FGF2 and PEG hydrogel matrix properties on hMSC viability and spreading. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:1110-23. [PMID: 19768790 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional (3-D) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel arrays were used to screen for the effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), combined with multiple hydrogel matrix parameters, on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) viability and spreading. In particular, we examined the effects of FGF2 while co-varying hydrogel matrix degradability, cell adhesion ligand type, and cell adhesion ligand density. FGF2 significantly improved viability of hMSCs in a dose-dependent manner in both nondegrading and degrading PEG hydrogels in the absence of extracellular matrix-derived cell adhesion ligands. The presence of a small molecule that inhibits autophosphorylation of the FGF2 receptor blocked the effects of FGF2 on hMSC viability in PEG hydrogels, both in the presence and absence of the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (RGDSP) ligand. FGF2 effects on hMSC viability were less pronounced when FGF2 was presented in combination with the RGDSP cell adhesion ligand or the IKVAV cell adhesion ligand in nondegrading PEG hydrogels. Importantly, spread hMSC morphologies were observed and quantified in a select subset of hydrogel networks, which were degradable and included both FGF2 and RGDSP. These results indicate that the hydrogel arrays described here can be used to efficiently study the influence of soluble and insoluble hydrogel matrix parameters on stem cell behavior, and to identify synthetic, 3-D environments that promote specific hMSC behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vandenburgh H. High-content drug screening with engineered musculoskeletal tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:55-64. [PMID: 19728786 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering for in vitro drug-screening applications based on tissue function is an active area of translational research. Compared to targeted high-throughput drug-screening methods that rapidly analyze hundreds of thousands of compounds affecting a single biochemical reaction or gene expression, high-content screening (HCS) with engineered tissues is more complex and based on the cumulative positive and negative effects of a compound on the multiple pathways altering tissue function. It may therefore serve as better predictor of in vivo activity and serve as a bridge between high-throughput drug screening and in vivo animal studies. In the case of the musculoskeletal system, tissue function includes determining improvements in the mechanical properties of bone, tendon, cartilage, and, for skeletal muscle, contractile properties such as rate of contraction/relaxation, force generation, fatigability, and recovery from fatigue. HCS of compound banks with engineered tissues requires miniature musculoskeletal organs as well as automated functional testing. The resulting technologies should be rapid, cost effective, and reduce the number of small animals required for follow-on in vivo studies. Identification of compounds that improve the repair/regeneration of damaged tissues in vivo would have extensive clinical applications for treating musculoskeletal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herman Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology, Brown Medical School-Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA.
| |
Collapse
|