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Hisamatsu D, Ikeba A, Yamato T, Mabuchi Y, Watanabe M, Akazawa C. Optimization of transplantation methods using isolated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: clinical trials of inflammatory bowel diseases as an example. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:37. [PMID: 39152520 PMCID: PMC11328379 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are distributed in various tissues and are used in clinical applications as a source of transplanted cells because of their easy harvestability. Although MSCs express numerous cell-surface antigens, single-cell analyses have revealed a highly heterogeneous cell population depending on the original tissue and donor conditions, including age and interindividual differences. This heterogeneity leads to differences in their functions, such as multipotency and immunomodulatory effects, making it challenging to effectively treat targeted diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of MSCs is controversial and depends on the implantation site. Thus, there is no established recipe for the transplantation of MSCs (including the type of disease, type of origin, method of cell culture, form of transplanted cells, and site of delivery). Our recent preclinical study identified appropriate MSCs and their suitable transplantation routes in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of MSCs have been demonstrated to enhance their properties and sustain engraftment at the lesion site. In this note, we explore the methods of MSC transplantation for treating IBDs, especially Crohn's disease, from clinical trials published over the past decade. Given the functional changes in MSCs in 3D culture, we also investigate the clinical trials using 3D constructs of MSCs and explore suitable diseases that might benefit from this approach. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages of the prospective isolation of MSCs in terms of interindividual variability. This note highlights the need to define the method of MSC transplantation, including interindividual variability, the culture period, and the transplantation route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hisamatsu
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akimi Ikeba
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taku Yamato
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Fujita Health University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Shi Y, Yang X, Min J, Kong W, Hu X, Zhang J, Chen L. Advancements in culture technology of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells: implications for diabetes and its complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1343255. [PMID: 38681772 PMCID: PMC11045945 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies exhibit considerable promise in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Extensive research has been dedicated to elucidate the characteristics and potential applications of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Three-dimensional (3D) culture, characterized by rapid advancements, holds promise for efficacious treatment of diabetes and its complications. Notably, 3D cultured ASCs manifest enhanced cellular properties and functions compared to traditional monolayer-culture. In this review, the factors influencing the biological functions of ASCs during culture are summarized. Additionally, the effects of 3D cultured techniques on cellular properties compared to two-dimensional culture is described. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of 3D cultured ASCs in diabetes and its complications are discussed to provide insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinze Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Mahmoud M, Abdel-Rasheed M, Galal ER, El-Awady RR. Factors Defining Human Adipose Stem/Stromal Cell Immunomodulation in Vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:175-205. [PMID: 37962697 PMCID: PMC10799834 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) are adult multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with immunomodulatory capacities. Here, we present up-to-date knowledge on the impact of different experimental and donor-related factors on hASC immunoregulatory functions in vitro. The experimental determinants include the immunological status of hASCs relative to target immune cells, contact vs. contactless interaction, and oxygen tension. Factors such as the ratio of hASCs to immune cells, the cellular context, the immune cell activation status, and coculture duration are also discussed. Conditioning of hASCs with different approaches before interaction with immune cells, hASC culture in xenogenic or xenofree culture medium, hASC culture in two-dimension vs. three-dimension with biomaterials, and the hASC passage number are among the experimental parameters that greatly may impact the hASC immunosuppressive potential in vitro, thus, they are also considered. Moreover, the influence of donor-related characteristics such as age, sex, and health status on hASC immunomodulation in vitro is reviewed. By analysis of the literature studies, most of the indicated determinants have been investigated in broad non-standardized ranges, so the results are not univocal. Clear conclusions cannot be drawn for the fine-tuned scenarios of many important factors to set a standard hASC immunopotency assay. Such variability needs to be carefully considered in further standardized research. Importantly, field experts' opinions may help to make it clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mazen Abdel-Rasheed
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Reda Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab R El-Awady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang H, Gu Y, Zhang K, Tu Y, Ouyang C. Roles and mechanisms of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of diabetic foot: A review of preclinical and clinical studies. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108671. [PMID: 38154217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Growing preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested the potential method of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) therapy for diabetic foot. Thus, the authors provided an outline of the application of UCMSCs in the treatment of diabetic foot and further summarized the roles and mechanisms of this therapy. DATA SYNTHESIS With no time limitations, the authors searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PubMed (MEDLINE) databases. 14 studies were included, including 9 preclinical experiments and 5 clinical trials (3 RCTs and 2 single-arm trials). CONCLUSIONS The UCMSCs are of great efficacy and safety, and function mainly by reducing inflammation, regulating immunity, promoting growth factors, and enhancing the functions of vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. As a result, ulcer healing-related biological processes ensue, which finally lead to diabetic foot ulcer healing and clinical symptom improvement. UCMSC treatment enhances diabetic foot ulcer healing and has a safety profile. They function mainly by modulating immunity, promoting growth factor secretion, and enhancing cellular functions. More well-designed preclinical and clinical studies are needed to provide the most optimal protocol, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms, as well as to further evaluate the efficiency and safety profile of UCMSC treatment in diabetic foot patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorui Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuanrui Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yanxia Tu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chenxi Ouyang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
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Panda D, Nayak S. Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering Approaches for Diabetic Foot Ulcer: a Review from Mechanism to Clinical Trial. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:88-123. [PMID: 37867186 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a complication from incomplete or prolonged wound healing, at times requires amputation, putting substantial health and socioeconomic burden. Wound healing is a dynamic overlapping process that can be regulated by arrays of molecular factors showing redundancy in function. However, dysregulation in the mechanism of angiogenesis, extra cellular matrix (ECM) formation and immune modulation are the major causes for impair wound healing in hyperglycaemic patients. Despite development of wound care research, there is a lack of well-accepted targeted therapy with multidisciplinary approach for DFU treatment. Stem cell therapy holds a promising outcome both in preclinical and clinical trials because of its ability to promote healing via regeneration and specialized tissue differentiation. Among different types of stem cells, regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is well demonstrated in both experimental and clinical trial. Still there is a huge knowledge gap among medical practitioners for deciding the best stem cell source, administration route, and safety. This review strengthens the fact that why stem cell therapy is a promising candidate to treat DFU and cited multiple tissue engineering and biomaterial-based approaches for delivering stem cells and their aftermath paracrine events. Based on the pre-clinical and clinical studies, the review tried to come up with optimum stem cell source and delivery route for the treatment of DFU. At last, the review glances on possible direction to enhance therapeutics strategy for the same, including different approaches like: phytocompounds, exosomes, scaffold geometry, cell preconditioning and licensing etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarchan Panda
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sunita Nayak
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Torres-Guzman RA, Avila FR, Maita K, Garcia JP, De Sario GD, Borna S, Eldaly AS, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Zubair AC, Ho OA, Forte AJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Healing Outcomes in Clinical and Pre-Clinical Models to Treat Pressure Ulcers: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7545. [PMID: 38137625 PMCID: PMC10743704 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite numerous measures used to prevent pressure ulcers, their growing prevalence in recent years is expected to continue as the population ages. This review aims to report the outcomes of the regenerative potential of MSCs in treating pressure ulcers, assessing the effectiveness of MSCs in treating pressure ulcers. METHODS A computerized search for articles on animal models that use MSCs as primary therapy to treat pressure ulcers, published from conception to present, was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. Our search yielded 52 articles, narrowed to 44 after excluding duplicates. RESULTS Out of 52 articles collected from four databases, 11 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 11 articles published between 2008 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies were observational descriptive papers in animal models, and three were prospective. Six studies used autologous MSCs, while five used allogenic MSCs. Three studies were conducted in humans, and the remaining eight were conducted in animals. The most common method of cell delivery was an intradermal injection in the margins of the ulcer. All studies reported positive results, including improved wound healing, reduced inflammation, and improved tissue regeneration. CONCLUSIONS MSCs have shown promising results in treating pressure ulcers in animal and clinical trials. The combination of MSCs and scaffold materials has also been studied and found to be effective in wound healing. A standardized human wound model has been proposed further to investigate the efficacy of cell-based therapies for chronic wounds. However, more research is needed to determine the best quantity of cells to apply for pressure ulcers and to ensure the safety and efficacy of these treatments in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karla Maita
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - John P. Garcia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Sahar Borna
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | | | - Abba C. Zubair
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Transfusion Medicines and Stem Cell Therapy, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Olivia A. Ho
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Antonio J. Forte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Wang S, Wu S, Yang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang R, Yang L. Versatile Hydrogel Dressings That Dynamically Regulate the Healing of Infected Deep Burn Wounds. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301224. [PMID: 37657086 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe burns threaten patient lives due to pain, inflammation, bacterial infection, and scarring. Most burn dressings that are commonly used perform a single function and are not well suited for the management of deep burns. Therefore, a multifunctional antimicrobial peptide- and stem cell-loaded macroporous hydrogel that can fight bacterial infection and regulate wound healing progression by temporally regulating cytokine production by internal stem cells is developed. The macroporous skeletal hydrogel is manufactured via the cryogenic gelation of hyaluronic acid (cryogel). Based on the oxidative polymerization reaction of dopamine, the antimicrobial peptide DP7 is immobilized on the surface of the cryogel (DA7CG). Placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) are then packaged inside the macroporous hydrogel (DA7CG@C). According to the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, during the inflammatory phase, DP7 inhibits infection and modulates inflammation; during the proliferative phase, DA7CG@C accelerates the regeneration of skin, blood vessels, and hair follicles via internal stem cells; and during the remodeling phase, DA7CG@C contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling due to the ability of DP7 to regulate the paracrine secretion of PMSCs, synergistically promoting scar-free healing. DA7CG@C can participate in all phases of wound healing; therefore, it is a promising dressing for burn treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Siwen Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yusi Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Yen BL, Hsieh CC, Hsu PJ, Chang CC, Wang LT, Yen ML. Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Offering Therapeutic Advantages and In Vitro Glimpses of the In Vivo State. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:235-244. [PMID: 37184894 PMCID: PMC10184701 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As invaluable as the standard 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer in vitro cell culture system has been, there is increasing evidence that 3-dimensional (3D) non-adherent conditions are more relevant to the in vivo condition. While one of the criteria for human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been in vitro plastic adherence, such 2D culture conditions are not representative of in vivo cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, which may be especially important for this progenitor/stem cell of skeletal and connective tissues. The 3D spheroid, a multicellular aggregate formed under non-adherent 3D in vitro conditions, may be particularly suited as an in vitro method to better understand MSC physiological processes, since expression of ECM and other adhesion proteins are upregulated in such a cell culture system. First used in embryonic stem cell in vitro culture to recapitulate in vivo developmental processes, 3D spheroid culture has grown in popularity as an in vitro method to mimic the 3-dimensionality of the native niche for MSCs within tissues/organs. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the 3D spheroid culture for understanding MSC biology, summarize the biological outcomes reported in the literature based on such this culture condition, as well as contemplate limitations and future considerations in this rapidly evolving and exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chan Hsieh
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
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Vriend L, van der Lei B, Harmsen MC, van Dongen JA. Adipose Tissue-Derived Components: From Cells to Tissue Glue to Treat Dermal Damage. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030328. [PMID: 36978719 PMCID: PMC10045962 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, adipose tissue transplantation has become an essential treatment modality for tissue (volume) restoration and regeneration. The regenerative application of adipose tissue has only recently proven its usefulness; for example, the method is useful in reducing dermal scarring and accelerating skin-wound healing. The therapeutic effect is ascribed to the tissue stromal vascular fraction (tSVF) in adipose tissue. This consists of stromal cells, the trophic factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which have immune-modulating, pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic properties. This concise review focused on dermal regeneration using the following adipose-tissue components: adipose-tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs), their secreted trophic factors (ASCs secretome), and the ECM. The opportunities of using a therapeutically functional scaffold, composed of a decellularized ECM hydrogel loaded with trophic factors of ASCs, to enhance wound healing are explored as well. An ECM-based hydrogel loaded with trophic factors combines all regenerative components of adipose tissue, while averting the possible disadvantages of the therapeutic use of adipose tissue, e.g., the necessity of liposuction procedures with a (small) risk of complications, the impossibility of interpatient use, and the limited storage options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vriend
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berend van der Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AC Groningen, The Netherlands
- Bergman Clinics, 8443 CG Heerenveen, The Netherlands
- Bergman Clinics, 2289 CM Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Harmsen
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A. van Dongen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AC Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Schneider I, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Adipose-derived stem cells applied in skin diseases, wound healing and skin defects: a review. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:105-119. [PMID: 36115756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue presents a comparably easy source for obtaining stem cells, and more studies are increasingly investigating the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells. Wound healing, especially in chronic wounds, and treatment of skin diseases are some of the fields investigated. In this narrative review, the authors give an overview of some of the latest studies concerning wound healing as well as treatment of several skin diseases and concentrate on the different forms of application of adipose-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture: Ion Homeostasis and Ouabain-Induced Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020301. [PMID: 36830836 PMCID: PMC9953635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the changes in ion homeostasis of human endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSCs) during the formation of three-dimensional (3D) cell structures (spheroids) and investigates the conditions for apoptosis induction in 3D eMSCs. Detached from the monolayer culture, (2D) eMSCs accumulate Na+ and have dissipated transmembrane ion gradients, while in compact spheroids, eMSCs restore the lower Na+ content and the high K/Na ratio characteristic of functionally active cells. Organized as spheroids, eMSCs are non-proliferating cells with an active Na/K pump and a lower K+ content per g cell protein, which is typical for quiescent cells and a mean lower water content (lower hydration) in 3D eMSCs. Further, eMSCs in spheroids were used to evaluate the role of K+ depletion and cellular signaling context in the induction of apoptosis. In both 2D and 3D eMSCs, treatment with ouabain (1 µM) results in inhibition of pump-mediated K+ uptake and severe K+ depletion as well as disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In 3D eMSCs (but not in 2D eMSCs), ouabain initiates apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. It is concluded that, when blocking the Na/K pump, cardiac glycosides prime mitochondria to apoptosis, and whether a cell enters the apoptotic pathway depends on the cell-specific signaling context, which includes the type of apoptotic protein expressed.
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12
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Aronowitz JA, Winterhalter B. Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cellular Therapy of Chronic Wounds. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75517-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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Vathulya M, Chattopadhyay D, Kandwal P, Nath UK, Kapoor A, Sinha M. Adipose Tissue in Peripheral Obesity as an Assessment Factor for Pressure Ulcers. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022. [PMID: 36301930 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope and Significance: Pressure ulcers are very difficult to treat and pose an economic burden, just below cancer and cardiovascular illness, at 4.82 billion U.S. dollars. It is important to understand the pathophysiology of the condition, risk stratification, and ways of preventing it. Prevention forms the most important aspect of their management. The authors systematically evaluated the existing risk prediction scales and explored the evidence from literature regarding the role of additional factors including body mass index, obesity, subcutaneous tissue thickness, and skin integrity in pressure ulcers. With this review it is hoped that the future management of pressure ulcers will concentrate on the preventable and alterable factors in its pathophysiology. Translational Relevance: The review focuses on how adipose tissue thickness can predict the occurrence of pressure ulcer. If adequately proved that a definite thickness of peripheral adipose tissue is efficient in prevention of pressure ulcers, then methods of maintaining the thickness of this tissue will be the next effective strategy in the management of this chronic issue. Clinical Relevance: The review addresses the management of pressure ulcers to wound care providers and emphasize on confounding parameters of obesity, subcutaneous tissue thickness, and skin integrity during the treatment regimen of pressure ulcers. Objectives: The main objective of this review is to draw a consensus concerning the role of adipose tissue in pressure ulcers, based on the published research. A review of the various preexisting predictive scales for pressure ulcers is a secondary objective to highlight the shortcomings in ulcer management. This review finally aims in the future at paving a way to refine our prognosticating scales for pressure sores based on these results. Accurate preventative injury risk scales are needed so that preventative resources can be directed to the patients for whom they are the most appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhubari Vathulya
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh (AIIMS Rishikesh), Rishikesh, India
| | - Debarati Chattopadhyay
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh (AIIMS Rishikesh), Rishikesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kandwal
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh (AIIMS Rishikesh), Rishikesh, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh (AIIMS Rishikesh), Rishikesh, India
| | - Akshay Kapoor
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh (AIIMS Rishikesh), Rishikesh, India
| | - Mithun Sinha
- Department of Surgery, IU Heath Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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14
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Kanta J, Zavadakova A, Sticova E, Dubsky M. Fibronectin in hyperglycaemia and its potential use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A review. Int Wound J 2022; 20:1750-1761. [PMID: 36537075 PMCID: PMC10088845 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of fibronectin, the protein that plays a key role in the healing of wounds, is changed in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Fibronectin can interact with other proteins and proteoglycans and organise them to form the extracellular matrix, the basis of the granulation tissue in healing wounds. However, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) suffer from inadequate deposition of this protein. Degradation prevails over fibronectin synthesis in the proteolytic inflammatory environment in the ulcers. Because of the lack of fibronectin in the wound bed, the assembly of the extracellular matrix and the deposition of the granulation tissue cannot be started. A number of methods have been designed that prevents fibronectin degradation, replace lacking fibronectin or support its formation in non-healing wounds in animal models of diabetes. The aim of this article is to review the metabolism of fibronectin in DFUs and to emphasise that it would be useful to pay more attention to fibronectin matrix assembly in the ulcers when laboratory methods are translated to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kanta
- Faculty of Medicine Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zavadakova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dubsky
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
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15
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Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells spheroid culture effect on the therapeutic efficacy of these cells and their exosomes: A new strategy to overcome cell therapy limitations. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113211. [PMID: 35696942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is one of the new treatment methods in which mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation is one of the cells widely used in this field. The results of MSCs application in the clinic prove their therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, many clinical trials have been designed based on the application of MSCs for various diseases, especially inflammatory disease and regenerative medicine. These cells perform their therapeutic functions through multiple mechanisms, including the differentiative potential, immunomodulatory properties, production of therapeutic exosomes, production of growth factors and cytokines, and anti-apoptotic effects. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that change target cell functions by transferring different cargos. The therapeutic ability of MSCs-derived exosomes has been demonstrated in many studies. However, some limitations, such as the low production of exosomes by cells and the need for large amounts of them and also their limited therapeutic ability, have encouraged researchers to find methods that increase exosomes' therapeutic potential. One of these methods is the spheroid culture of MSCs. Studies show that the three-dimensional culture (3DCC) of MSCs in the form of multicellular spheroids increases the therapeutic efficacy of these cells in laboratory and animal applications. In addition, the spheroid culture of MSCs leads to enhanced therapeutic properties of their exosomes and production rate. Due to the novelty of the field of using 3DCC MSCs-derived exosomes, examination of their properties and the results of their therapeutic application can increase our view of this field. This review discussed MSCs and their exosomes enhanced properties in spheroid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Combined hypothermia and mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a systematic review. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:25-31. [PMID: 34482377 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature to determine the effect of combined hypothermia (HTH) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy (administered during or immediately before or after HTH) compared with HTH alone on brain injury and neurobehavioural outcomes in animal models of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. METHODS Primary outcomes assessed were neuropathological measures and neurobehavioural measures of brain outcome. Secondary outcomes were brain protein proinflammatory cytokine status. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed with the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) ROB assessment tool. RESULTS Of 393 studies identified, 3 studies in postnatal day 7 (P7) male Sprague-Dawley rats met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were undertaken for neuropathological measures (apoptotic cells, astrocytes, microglia), neurobehavioral measures (rotarod test and negative geotaxis), and proinflammatory cytokine levels. Two of the three studies scored low or unclear ROB across all measures. Treatment with HTH-MSCs together significantly improved astrocyte optical density by standardised mean difference (SMD) of 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.14, -0.28]. No other measures showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient preclinical data to confirm the efficacy of combined HTH-MSC therapy over HTH alone. Future studies should utilise a reporting checklist such as in SYRCLE or Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines to improve reporting standards. IMPACT Very few articles investigating the use of MSCs for the treatment of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy are clinically relevant. Continuing to publish studies in models of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy without the inclusion of HTH therapy does not progress the field towards improved clinical outcomes. This study shows that HTH and MSC therapy improves measures of astrogliosis. More studies are required to establish the efficacy of HTH and MSCs on measures of neuropathology and neurobehavior. The reporting of preclinical data in this space could be improved by using reporting checklists such as the SYRCLE or ARRIVE tools.
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17
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Wiśniewska J, Słyszewska M, Kopcewicz M, Walendzik K, Machcińska S, Stałanowska K, Gawrońska-Kozak B. Comparative studies on the effect of pig adipose-derived stem cells (pASCs) preconditioned with hypoxia or normoxia on skin wound healing in mice. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113263. [PMID: 35718003 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from human and animal fat have emerged as therapeutic alternatives for damaged tissues. Pre-conditioning of ASCs with hypoxia results in their functional enhancement, which might facilitate the process of healing. However, there is still a critical need for large-scale preclinical studies to reinforce the translation of these findings into clinical practice for humans and in veterinary medicine. Here, we adapted a full-thickness excisional skin wound mouse model to evaluate and compare the effect of pig adipose-derived stem cells (pASCs) cultured under normoxia (pASCs-Nor) or hypoxia (pASCs-Hyp) on the healing process. We show that pASCs-Hyp accelerated re-epithelialization, increased hyaluronic acid (HA) content, and decreased scar elevation index (SEI) during the late stage of healing (day 21). Transplantation of pASCs-Hyp also promoted expression of angiogenic marker VegfA and decreased levels of pro-scarring Tgfβ1. Mice tolerated xenotransplantation of the pASCs with no impact on macrophage (CD68 -positive cell) content. However, wounds treated with pASCs-Hyp exhibited decreased elasticity at the early stage of healing and increased expression of Wnt signaling members including Wnt10a, Wnt11, and β-catenin, which are associated with scar-forming wound repair. In conclusion, pASCs treatment may provide a critical step toward the evaluation of pASCs as therapeutically relevant cells in the context of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wiśniewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magda Słyszewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Machcińska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Karolina Stałanowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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18
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Zivari-Ghader T, Dolati S, Mehdizadeh A, Davaran S, Rashidi MR, Yousefi M. Recent scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches in premature ovarian failure treatment. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:605-620. [PMID: 35511799 DOI: 10.1002/term.3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have received significant attention with outstanding advances. The main scope of this technology is to recover the damaged tissues and organs or to maintain and improve their function. One of the essential fields in tissue engineering is scaffold designing and construction, playing an integral role in damaged tissues reconstruction and repair. However, premature ovarian failure (POF) is a disorder causing many medical and psychological problems in women. POF treatment using tissue engineering and various scaffold has recently made tremendous and promising progress. Due to the importance of the subject, we have summarized the recently examined scaffolds in the treatment of POF in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh Zivari-Ghader
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rashidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Ren J, Chi J, Wang B, Guo L, Han Y, Liu X, Pei X, Yue W, Han Y. Three-dimensional cultivation of human adipose-derived stem cells with human decellularized adipose tissue matrix scaffold promotes diabetic wound healing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Priddy-Arrington TR, Ward MS, Edwards RE, Caldorera-Moore ME. Proactive biomaterials for chronic wound management and treatment. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Liang F, Li J. Recent strategies for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:588. [PMID: 34823579 PMCID: PMC8614023 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a multi-stage process that depends on the coordination of multiple cells and mediators. Chronic or non-healing wounds resulting from the dysregulation of this process represent a challenge for the healthcare system. For skin wound management, there are various approaches to tissue recovery. For decades, stem cell therapy has made outstanding achievements in wound regeneration. Three major types of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, have been explored intensely. Mostly, mesenchymal stem cells are thought to be an extensive cell type for tissue repair. However, the limited cell efficacy and the underutilized therapeutic potential remain to be addressed. Exploring novel and advanced treatments to enhance stem cell efficacy is an urgent need. Diverse strategies are applied to maintain cell survival and increase cell functionality. In this study, we outline current approaches aiming to improve the beneficial outcomes of cell therapy to better grasp clinical cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
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22
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Characterization of the Skeletal Muscle Secretome Reveals a Role for Extracellular Vesicles and IL1α/IL1β in Restricting Fibro/Adipogenic Progenitor Adipogenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081171. [PMID: 34439837 PMCID: PMC8392554 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated mechanical stress causes injuries in the adult skeletal muscle that need to be repaired. Although muscle regeneration is a highly efficient process, it fails in some pathological conditions, compromising tissue functionality. This may be caused by aberrant cell-cell communication, resulting in the deposition of fibrotic and adipose infiltrates. Here, we investigate in vivo changes in the profile of skeletal muscle secretome during the regeneration process to suggest new targetable regulatory circuits whose failure may lead to tissue degeneration in pathological conditions. We describe the kinetic variation of expression levels of 76 secreted proteins during the regeneration process. In addition, we profile the gene expression of immune cells, endothelial cells, satellite cells, and fibro-adipogenic progenitors. This analysis allowed us to annotate each cell-type with the cytokines and receptors they have the potential to synthetize, thus making it possible to draw a cell-cell interaction map. We next selected 12 cytokines whose receptors are expressed in FAPs and tested their ability to modulate FAP adipogenesis and proliferation. We observed that IL1α and IL1β potently inhibit FAP adipogenesis, while EGF and BTC notably promote FAP proliferation. In addition, we characterized the cross-talk mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). We first monitored the modulation of muscle EV cargo during tissue regeneration. Using a single-vesicle flow cytometry approach, we observed that EVs differentially affect the uptake of RNA and proteins into their lumen. We also investigated the EV capability to interact with SCs and FAPs and to modulate their proliferation and differentiation. We conclude that both cytokines and EVs secreted during muscle regeneration have the potential to modulate adipogenic differentiation of FAPs. The results of our approach provide a system-wide picture of mechanisms that control cell fate during the regeneration process in the muscle niche.
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23
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Doron G, Temenoff JS. Culture Substrates for Improved Manufacture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100016. [PMID: 33930252 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies have increased the demand for tools to improve their manufacture, including the selection of optimal culture substrate materials. While many clinical manufacturers use planar tissue culture plastic (TCP) surfaces for MSC production, others have begun exploring the use of alternative culture substrates that present a variety of spatial, mechanical, and biochemical cues that influence cell expansion and resulting cell quality. In this review, the effects of culture and material properties distinct from traditional planar TCP surfaces on MSC proliferation, surface marker expression, and commonly used indications for therapeutic potency are examined. The different properties summarized include the use of alternative culture formats such as cellular aggregates or 3D scaffolds, as well as the effects of culture substrate stiffness and presentation of specific adhesive ligands and topographical cues. Specific substrate properties can be related to greater cell expansion and improvement in specific therapeutic functionalities, demonstrating the utility of culture materials in further improving the clinical-scale manufacture of highly secretory MSC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Doron
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University 313 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University 313 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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24
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Barakat M, DiPietro LA, Chen L. Limited Treatment Options for Diabetic Wounds: Barriers to Clinical Translation Despite Therapeutic Success in Murine Models. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:436-460. [PMID: 33050829 PMCID: PMC8236303 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Millions of people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus and its complications, including chronic diabetic wounds. To date, there are few widely successful clinical therapies specific to diabetic wounds beyond general wound care, despite the vast number of scientific discoveries in the pathogenesis of defective healing in diabetes. Recent Advances: In recent years, murine animal models of diabetes have enabled the investigation of many possible therapeutics for diabetic wound care. These include specific cell types, growth factors, cytokines, peptides, small molecules, plant extracts, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, novel wound dressings, mechanical interventions, bioengineered materials, and more. Critical Issues: Despite many research discoveries, few have been translated from their success in murine models to clinical use in humans. This massive gap between bench discovery and bedside application begs the simple and critical question: what is still missing? The complexity and multiplicity of the diabetic wound makes it an immensely challenging therapeutic target, and this lopsided progress highlights the need for new methods to overcome the bench-to-bedside barrier. How can laboratory discoveries in animal models be effectively translated to novel clinical therapies for human patients? Future Directions: As research continues to decipher deficient healing in diabetes, new approaches and considerations are required to ensure that these discoveries can become translational, clinically usable therapies. Clinical progress requires the development of new, more accurate models of the human disease state, multifaceted investigations that address multiple critical components in wound repair, and more innovative research strategies that harness both the existing knowledge and the potential of new advances across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Barakat
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luisa A. DiPietro
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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Nagano H, Suematsu Y, Takuma M, Aoki S, Satoh A, Takayama E, Kinoshita M, Morimoto Y, Takeoka S, Fujie T, Kiyosawa T. Enhanced cellular engraftment of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell spheroids by using nanosheets as scaffolds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14500. [PMID: 34262089 PMCID: PMC8280158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The short survival time of transplanted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) is a problem for skin wound healing. Transplantation after the formation of cellular spheroids has been investigated as a promising method for prolonging cellular survival. However, there have been technical restrictions for transplantation of spheroids in clinical practice. Here, we show an effective method for transplantation of ASC spheroids onto skin wounds in order to efficiently cure refractory ulcers. To assist anchoring of spheroids onto skin wounds, we used a 120-nm-thick free-standing film (nanosheet) that has a highly adhesive property. Bioluminescence imaging showed that ASC spheroids carried by the nanosheet survived for 14 days, which is about two-times longer than that previously reported. Wounds treated with a nanosheet carrying ASC spheroids were 4-times smaller than untreated wounds on day 14. This method for transplantation of spheroids could be applied to cell therapy for various refractory skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Nagano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Suematsu
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Megumi Takuma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpo Aoki
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-0082, Japan
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuji Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kiyosawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
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26
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Deptuła M, Brzezicka A, Skoniecka A, Zieliński J, Pikuła M. Adipose-derived stromal cells for nonhealing wounds: Emerging opportunities and challenges. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2130-2171. [PMID: 33522005 PMCID: PMC8247932 DOI: 10.1002/med.21789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing complications affect thousands of people each year, thus constituting a profound economic and medical burden. Chronic wounds are a highly complex problem that usually affects elderly patients as well as patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, cancer (surgery, radiotherapy/chemotherapy) or autoimmune diseases. Currently available methods of their treatment are not fully effective, so new solutions are constantly being sought. Cell-based therapies seem to have great potential for use in stimulating wound healing. In recent years, much effort has been focused on characterizing of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) and evaluating their clinical use in regenerative medicine and other medical fields. These cells are easily obtained in large amounts from adipose tissue and show a high proregenerative potential, mainly through paracrine activities. In this review, the process of healing acute and nonhealing (chronic) wounds is detailed, with a special attention paid to the wounds of patients with diabetes and cancer. In addition, the methods and technical aspects of AD-MSCs isolation, culture and transplantation in chronic wounds are described, and the characteristics, genetic stability and role of AD-MSCs in wound healing are also summarized. The biological properties of AD-MSCs isolated from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue are compared. Additionally, methods to increase their therapeutic potential as well as factors that may affect their biological functions are summarized. Finally, their therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic and oncological wounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Deptuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of EmbryologyMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | | | - Aneta Skoniecka
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of MedicineMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Oncologic SurgeryMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of EmbryologyMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
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27
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Gibler P, Gimble J, Hamel K, Rogers E, Henderson M, Wu X, Olesky S, Frazier T. Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Methods for Adipose Tissue Modeling In Vitro: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:1378. [PMID: 34204869 PMCID: PMC8227575 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASC) are widely used for in vitro modeling of physiologically relevant human adipose tissue. These models are useful for the development of tissue constructs for soft tissue regeneration and 3-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPS) for drug discovery. In this systematic review, we report on the current state of hASC culture and assessment methods for adipose tissue engineering using 3D MPS. Our search efforts resulted in the identification of 184 independent records, of which 27 were determined to be most relevant to the goals of the present review. Our results demonstrate a lack of consensus on methods for hASC culture and assessment for the production of physiologically relevant in vitro models of human adipose tissue. Few studies have assessed the impact of different 3D culture conditions on hASC adipogenesis. Additionally, there has been a limited use of assays for characterizing the functionality of adipose tissue in vitro. Results from this study suggest the need for more standardized culture methods and further analysis on in vitro tissue functionality. These will be necessary to validate the utility of 3D MPS as an in vitro model to reduce, refine, and replace in vivo experiments in the drug discovery regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Gibler
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Jeffrey Gimble
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
- Department of Structural and Cell Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Katie Hamel
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Emma Rogers
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Michael Henderson
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Xiying Wu
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Spencer Olesky
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
| | - Trivia Frazier
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; (P.G.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (M.H.); (X.W.); (S.O.); (T.F.)
- Department of Structural and Cell Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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28
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Functional Properties of Human-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8825332. [PMID: 33884001 PMCID: PMC8041538 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8825332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult multi-potent cells that can be isolated from many types of tissues including adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord. They show great potential for cell therapy-based treatments, which is why they are being used in numerous clinical trials for a wide range of diseases. However, the success of placebo-controlled clinical trials has been limited, so new ways of improving the therapeutic effects of MSC are being developed, such as their assembly in a 3D conformation. In this meta-analysis, we review aggregate formation, in vitro functional properties and in vivo therapeutic potential displayed by adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord-derived MSC, assembled as spheroids. The databases PubMed and SciELO were used to find eligible articles, using free-words and MeSH terms related to the subject, finding 28 published articles meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the articles selected 15 corresponded to studies using MSC derived from bone marrow, 10 from adipose tissue and 3 from umbilical cord blood or tissue. The MSC spheroids properties analyzed that displayed enhancement in comparison with monolayer 2D culture, are stemness, angiogenesis, differentiation potential, cytokine secretion, paracrine and immunomodulatory effects. Overall studies reveal that the application of MSC spheroids in vivo enhanced therapeutic effects. For instance, research exhibited reduced inflammation, faster wound healing, and closure, functional recovery and tissue repair due to immunomodulatory effects, better MSC engraftment in damaged tissue, higher MSC survival and less apoptosis at the injury. Still, further research and clinical studies with controlled and consistent results are needed to see the real therapeutic efficacy of MSC spheroids.
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29
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Selective Proliferation of Highly Functional Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Microgravity Culture with Stirred Microspheres. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030560. [PMID: 33806638 PMCID: PMC7998608 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of adult stem-cell transplantations are limited by poor cell-retention in target organs, and a reduced potential for optimal cell differentiation compared to embryonic stem cells. However, contemporary studies have indicated heterogeneity within adult stem-cell pools, and a novel culturing technique may address these limitations by selecting those for cell proliferation which are highly functional. Here, we report the preservation of stemness in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) by using microgravity conditions combined with microspheres in a stirred suspension. The cells were bound to microspheres (100-300 μm) and cultured using a wave-stirring shaker. One-week cultures using polystyrene and collagen microspheres increased the proportions of SSEA-3(+) hASCs 4.4- and 4.3-fold (2.7- and 2.9-fold increases in their numbers), respectively, compared to normal culture conditions. These cultured hASCs expressed higher levels of pluripotent markers (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, MYC, and KLF), and had improved abilities for proliferation, colony formation, network formation, and multiple-mesenchymal differentiation. We believe that this novel culturing method may further enhance regenerative therapies using hASCs.
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30
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Kouroupis D, Correa D. Increased Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functionalization in Three-Dimensional Manufacturing Settings for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:621748. [PMID: 33644016 PMCID: PMC7907607 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.621748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exist within their in vivo niches as part of heterogeneous cell populations, exhibiting variable stemness potential and supportive functionalities. Conventional extensive 2D in vitro MSC expansion, aimed at obtaining clinically relevant therapeutic cell numbers, results in detrimental effects on both cellular characteristics (e.g., phenotypic changes and senescence) and functions (e.g., differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory effects). These deleterious effects, added to the inherent inter-donor variability, negatively affect the standardization and reproducibility of MSC therapeutic potential. The resulting manufacturing challenges that drive the qualitative variability of MSC-based products is evident in various clinical trials where MSC therapeutic efficacy is moderate or, in some cases, totally insufficient. To circumvent these limitations, various in vitro/ex vivo techniques have been applied to manufacturing protocols to induce specific features, attributes, and functions in expanding cells. Exposure to inflammatory cues (cell priming) is one of them, however, with untoward effects such as transient expression of HLA-DR preventing allogeneic therapeutic schemes. MSC functionalization can be also achieved by in vitro 3D culturing techniques, in an effort to more closely recapitulate the in vivo MSC niche. The resulting spheroid structures provide spatial cell organization with increased cell–cell interactions, stable, or even enhanced phenotypic profiles, and increased trophic and immunomodulatory functionalities. In that context, MSC 3D spheroids have shown enhanced “medicinal signaling” activities and increased homing and survival capacities upon transplantation in vivo. Importantly, MSC spheroids have been applied in various preclinical animal models including wound healing, bone and osteochondral defects, and cardiovascular diseases showing safety and efficacy in vivo. Therefore, the incorporation of 3D MSC culturing approach into cell-based therapy would significantly impact the field, as more reproducible clinical outcomes may be achieved without requiring ex vivo stimulatory regimes. In the present review, we discuss the MSC functionalization in 3D settings and how this strategy can contribute to an improved MSC-based product for safer and more effective therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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31
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Schmitz C, Potekhina E, Belousov VV, Lavrentieva A. Hypoxia Onset in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids: Monitoring With Hypoxia Reporter Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:611837. [PMID: 33614611 PMCID: PMC7892969 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.611837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic and differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stems cells (hMSCs) makes these cells a promising candidate for cellular therapies and tissue engineering. On the path of a successful medical application of hMSC, the cultivation of cells in a three-dimensional (3D) environment was a landmark for the transition from simple two-dimensional (2D) testing platforms to complex systems that mimic physiological in vivo conditions and can improve hMSC curative potential as well as survival after implantation. A 3D arrangement of cells can be mediated by scaffold materials where cells get entrapped in pores, or by the fabrication of spheroids, scaffold-free self-organized cell aggregates that express their own extracellular matrix. Independently from the cultivation method, cells expanded in 3D experience an inhomogeneous microenvironment. Many gradients in nutrient supply, oxygen supply, and waste disposal from one hand mimic in vivo microenvironment, but also put every cell in the 3D construct in a different context. Since oxygen concentration in spheroids is compromised in a size-dependent manner, it is crucial to have a closer insight on the thresholds of hypoxic response in such systems. In this work, we want to improve our understanding of oxygen availability and consequensing hypoxia onset in hMSC spheroids. Therefore, we utilized human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hAD-MSCs) modified with a genetical sensor construct to reveal (I) the influence of spheroid production methods and (II) hMSCs cell number per spheroid to detect the onset of hypoxia in aggregates. We could demonstrate that not only higher cell numbers of MSCs, but also spheroid formation method plays a critical role in onset of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Schmitz
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Potekhina
- Department of Metabolism and Redox Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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32
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Chen TY, Wen TK, Dai NT, Hsu SH. Cryogel/hydrogel biomaterials and acupuncture combined to promote diabetic skin wound healing through immunomodulation. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120608. [PMID: 33388690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Unhealed chronic wounds often deteriorate into multiple infection with several kinds of bacteria and excessive proteolytic wound exudate and remains one of the common healthcare issues. Here, the functional and antimicrobial hydrogel and cryogel biomaterials were prepared from glycol chitosan and a novel biodegradable Schiff base crosslinker difunctional polyurethane (DF-PU). The cryogel exhibited ~2730 ± 400% of water absorption with abundant macropores and 86.5 ± 1.6% of porosity formed by ice crystal as well as ~240% cell proliferation effect; while the hydrogel demonstrated considerable antimicrobial activity and biodegradability. As an optimized procedure to treat the diabetic skin wound in a rat model, the combined application of adipose stem cell-seeded cryogel/hydrogel biomaterials on the wound and acupuncture surrounding the wound may attain 90.34 ± 2.3% of wound closure and secure the formation of granulation tissue with sufficient microvessels and complete re-epithelialization in 8 days. The average increases in the superficial temperature of wounded animals after acupuncture were about 1-2 °C. Through the activation of C3a and C5a, the increased secretion of cytokines SDF-1 and TGFβ-1, as well as the down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, the combined treatment of stem cell-seeded cryogel/hydrogel biomaterials and acupuncture on wounds produced synergistic immunomodulatory effects. The strategy using the combined treatment of biomaterials, stem cells, and acupuncture reveals a perspective new approach to accelerate the tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Yu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Kai Wen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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33
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Regmi S, Raut PK, Pathak S, Shrestha P, Park PH, Jeong JH. Enhanced viability and function of mesenchymal stromal cell spheroids is mediated via autophagy induction. Autophagy 2020; 17:2991-3010. [PMID: 33206581 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1850608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have received attention as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. However, poor post-transplantation viability is a major hurdle in MSC-based therapy, despite encouraging results in many inflammatory disorders. Recently, three dimensional (3D)-cultured MSCs (MSC3D) were shown to have higher cell survival and enhanced anti-inflammatory effects, although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which MSC3D gain the potential for enhanced cell viability. Herein, we found that macroautophagy/autophagy was highly induced and ROS production was suppressed in MSC3D as compared to 2D-cultured MSCs (MSC2D). Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy induction caused decreased cell viability and increased apoptotic activity in MSC3D. Furthermore, modulation of ROS production was closely related to the survival and apoptosis of MSC3D. We also observed that HMOX1 (heme oxygenase 1) was significantly up-regulated in MSC3D. In addition, gene silencing of HMOX1 caused upregulation of ROS production and suppression of the genes related to autophagy. Moreover, inhibition of HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) caused suppression of HMOX1 expression in MSC3D, indicating that the HIF1A-HMOX1 axis plays a crucial role in the modulation of ROS production and autophagy induction in MSC3D. Finally, the critical role of autophagy induction on improved therapeutic effects of MSC3D was further verified in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. Taken together, these results indicated that autophagy activation and modulation of ROS production mediated via the HIF1A-HMOX1 axis play pivotal roles in enhancing the viability of MSC3D.List of abbreviations:3D: three dimensional; 3MA: 3 methlyadenine; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CFSE: carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; CoCl2: cobalt chloride; CoPP: cobalt protoporphyrin; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; ECM: extracellular matrix; FOXO3/FOXO3A: forkhead box O3; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HMOX1/HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; HSCs: hematopoietic stem cells; IL1A/IL-1α: interleukin 1 alpha; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL8: interleukin 8; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; MSC2D: 2D-cultured MSCs; MSC3D: 3D-cultured MSCs; MSCs: mesenchymal stromal cells; NFE2L2/NRF2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SOD2: superoxide dismutase 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TGFB/TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Stanford Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar Raut
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, South Korea.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Prakash Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, South Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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34
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Generation of immune cell containing adipose organoids for in vitro analysis of immune metabolism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21104. [PMID: 33273595 PMCID: PMC7713299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an organized endocrine organ with important metabolic and immunological functions and immune cell-adipocyte crosstalk is known to drive various disease pathologies. Suitable 3D adipose tissue organoid models often lack resident immune cell populations and therefore require the addition of immune cells isolated from other organs. We have created the first 3D adipose tissue organoid model which could contain and maintain resident immune cell populations of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and proved to be effective in studying adipose tissue biology in a convenient manner. Macrophage and mast cell populations were successfully confirmed within our organoid model and were maintained in culture without the addition of growth factors. We demonstrated the suitability of our model for monitoring the lipidome during adipocyte differentiation in vitro and confirmed that this model reflects the physiological lipidome better than standard 2D cultures. In addition, we applied mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to track lipidomic changes in the lipidome upon dietary and immunomodulatory interventions. We conclude that this model represents a valuable tool for immune-metabolic research.
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35
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McCarthy M, Brown T, Alarcon A, Williams C, Wu X, Abbott RD, Gimble J, Frazier T. Fat-On-A-Chip Models for Research and Discovery in Obesity and Its Metabolic Comorbidities. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:586-595. [PMID: 32216545 PMCID: PMC8196547 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic and its associated comorbidities present a looming challenge to health care delivery throughout the world. Obesity is characterized as a sterile inflammatory process within adipose tissues leading to dysregulated secretion of bioactive adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, as well as systemic metabolic dysfunction. The majority of current obesity research has focused primarily on preclinical animal models in vivo and two-dimensional cell culture models in vitro. Neither of these generalized approaches is optimal due to interspecies variability, insufficient accuracy with respect to predicting human outcomes, and failure to recapitulate the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Consequently, there is a growing demand and need for more sophisticated microphysiological systems to reproduce more physiologically accurate human white and brown/beige adipose depots. To address this research need, human and murine cell lines and primary cultures are being combined with bioscaffolds to create functional 3D environments that are suitable for metabolically active adipose organoids in both static and perfusion bioreactor cultures. The development of these technologies will have considerable impact on the future pace of discovery for novel small molecules and biologics designed to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome and obesity in humans. Furthermore, when these adipose tissue models are integrated with other organ systems they will have applicability to obesity-related disorders such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and osteoarthritis. Impact statement The current review article summarizes the advances made within the organ-onchip field, as it pertains to adipose tissue models of obesity and obesity-related syndromes, such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and osteoarthritis. As humanized 3D adipose-derived constructs become more accessible to the research community, it is anticipated that they will accelerate and enhance the drug discovery pipeline for obesity, diabetes, and metabolic diseases by reducing the preclinical evaluation process and improving predictive accuracy. Such developments, applications, and usages of existing technologies can change the paradigm of personalized medicine and create substantial progress in our approach to modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore Brown
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrea Alarcon
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Xiying Wu
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gimble
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Trivia Frazier
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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36
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Lee JSJ, Kim SJ, Choi JS, Eom MR, Shin H, Kwon SK. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell spheroid sheet accelerates regeneration of ulcerated oral mucosa by enhancing inherent therapeutic properties. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Lee JS, Chae S, Yoon D, Yoon D, Chun W, Kim GH. Angiogenic factors secreted from human ASC spheroids entrapped in an alginate-based hierarchical structure via combined 3D printing/electrospinning system. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045028. [PMID: 32946427 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abaf9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids have been widely used in the treatment or regeneration of damaged skin tissues, and their success is believed to be due in part to angiogenic factors released from the spheroids. To achieve the sustained release of bioactive components from implanted spheroids within a defective area, the use of a biocompatible scaffolding biomaterial is required. In this study, we developed an alginate-based scaffolding structure, which was processed using three-dimensional printing and electrospinning for use as a spheroid-entrapping structure. A micro-sized alginate strut and electrospun alginate nanofibers functioned not only to firmly entrap the spheroids, but also to enable the stable release of various angiogenic and wound healing-related factors. We also demonstrated the function of these factors using a tube-forming assay and found that conditioned media from the spheroid-scaffold group improved capillary-like structure formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells compared to the single cell-scaffold group. Our results suggest that this spheroid-entrapping alginate hybrid structure could represent a new platform for stem cell therapy using spheroid transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Lee
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. These authors contributed equally to this work
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38
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Capin L, Abbassi N, Lachat M, Calteau M, Barratier C, Mojallal A, Bourgeois S, Auxenfans C. Encapsulation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Calcium Alginate Maintains Clonogenicity and Enhances their Secretory Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6316. [PMID: 32878250 PMCID: PMC7504546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are well known for their secretory potential, which confers them useful properties in cell therapy. Nevertheless, this therapeutic potential is reduced after transplantation due to their short survival in the human body and their migration property. This study proposes a method to protect cells during and after injection by encapsulation in microparticles of calcium alginate. Besides, the consequences of encapsulation on ASC proliferation, pluripotential, and secretome were studied. Spherical particles with a mean diameter of 500 µm could be obtained in a reproducible manner with a viability of 70% after 16 days in vitro. Moreover, encapsulation did not alter the proliferative properties of ASCs upon return to culture nor their differentiation potential in adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Concerning their secretome, encapsulated ASCs consistently produced greater amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to monolayer cultures. Encapsulation therefore appears to enrich the secretome with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) not detectable in monolayer cultures. Alginate microparticles seem sufficiently porous to allow diffusion of the cytokines of interest. With all these cytokines playing an important role in wound healing, it appears relevant to investigate the impact of using encapsulated ASCs on the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Capin
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France; (N.A.); (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Nacira Abbassi
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France; (N.A.); (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Maëlle Lachat
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France; (N.A.); (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Marie Calteau
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France; (N.A.); (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Cynthia Barratier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP UMR 5007 CNRS, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; (C.B.); (S.B.)
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ali Mojallal
- Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France;
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Bourgeois
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP UMR 5007 CNRS, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; (C.B.); (S.B.)
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Céline Auxenfans
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France; (N.A.); (M.L.); (M.C.)
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Álvaro-Afonso FJ, Sanz-Corbalán I, Lázaro-Martínez JL, Kakagia D, Papanas N. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Angiology 2020; 71:853-863. [PMID: 32723090 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720939467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an outline of the use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). A systematic search of PubMed and the Cochrane database was performed on October 2, 2019. Eighteen studies were identified (14 preclinical and 4 clinical). Studies in animal models have demonstrated that AMSCs enhance diabetic wound healing, accelerate granulation tissue formation, and increase reepithelialization and neovascularization. Only 1 randomized control trial has been published so far. Patients (n = 25) with DFUs were treated using an allogeneic AMSC directly on the wound bed as a primary dressing, and improvements were found in complete wound closure in the treatment group (n = 16). Three clinical studies showed that autologous AMSC might be a safe alternative to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease. Based on the available evidence, AMSCs hold promise in the treatment of DFUs. However, this evidence requires confirmation by well-designed trials. Additional studies are also required to understand some issues regarding this treatment for DFUs. For example, the potential application of autologous or allogeneic AMSCs in different types of DFUs, optimal dose/infusion schedules, safety evaluations, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Álvaro-Afonso
- Diabetic Foot Unit, University Podiatric Clinic, Edificio Facultad de Medicina, 16734Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Sanz-Corbalán
- Diabetic Foot Unit, University Podiatric Clinic, Edificio Facultad de Medicina, 16734Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Lázaro-Martínez
- Diabetic Foot Unit, University Podiatric Clinic, Edificio Facultad de Medicina, 16734Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Despoina Kakagia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre-Diabetic Foot Clinic, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
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40
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Domnina A, Ivanova J, Alekseenko L, Kozhukharova I, Borodkina A, Pugovkina N, Smirnova I, Lyublinskaya O, Fridlyanskaya I, Nikolsky N. Three-Dimensional Compaction Switches Stress Response Programs and Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:473. [PMID: 32612993 PMCID: PMC7308716 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are currently tested as a promising tool for the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. Enhanced therapeutic potential of spheroids formed from these cells has been proved in numerous studies, however, the fundamental basics of this effect are still being discussed. In this work, we showed that endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSCs) assembled in spheroids possess a higher therapeutic efficacy compared to cells grown in monolayer in the treatment of the defects that are non-specific for eMSC tissue origin – skin wounds. With the purpose to elucidate the possible causes of superior spheroid potency, we compared the tolerance of eMSC cultivated in spheres and monolayer to the stress insults. Using genetically encoded hydrogen peroxide biosensor HyPer, we showed that three-dimensional configuration (3D) helped to shield the inner cell layers of spheroid from the external H2O2-induced oxidative stress. However, the viability of oxidatively damaged eMSCs in spheroids appeared to be much lower than that of monolayer cells. An extensive analysis, which included administration of heat shock and irradiation stress, revealed that cells in spheroids damaged by stress factors activate the apoptosis program, while in monolayer cells stress-induced premature senescence is developed. We found that basal down-regulation of anti-apoptotic and autophagy-related genes provides the possible molecular basis of the high commitment of eMSCs cultured in 3D to apoptosis. We conclude that predisposition to apoptosis provides the programmed elimination of damaged cells and contributes to the transplant safety of spheroids. In addition, to investigate the role of paracrine secretion in the wound healing potency of spheroids, we exploited the in vitro wound model (scratch assay) and found that culture medium conditioned by eMSC spheroids accelerates the migration of adherent cells. We showed that 3D eMSCs upregulate transcriptional activator, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, and secret ten-fold more HIF-1-inducible pro-angiogenic factor VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) than monolayer cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that enhanced secretory activity can promote wound healing potential of eMSC spheroids and that cultivation in the 3D cell environment alters eMSC vital programs and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Domnina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia Ivanova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Alekseenko
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Kozhukharova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Borodkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Pugovkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Fridlyanskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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41
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Luck J, Weil BD, Lowdell M, Mosahebi A. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Wound Healing Applications: Understanding the Clinical and Regulatory Environment. Aesthet Surg J 2020; 40:784-799. [PMID: 31406975 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the regenerative potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for wound healing applications. ADSCs have been shown to promote revascularization, activate local stem cell niches, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate immune responses. Combined with the fact that they can be harvested in large numbers with minimal donor site morbidity, ADSC products represent promising regenerative cell therapies. This article provides a detailed description of the defining characteristics and therapeutic potential of ADSCs, with a focus on understanding how ADSCs promote tissue regeneration and repair. It summarizes the current regulatory environment governing the use of ADSC products across Europe and the United States and examines how various adipose-derived products conform to the current UK legislative framework. Advice is given to clinicians and researchers on how novel ADSC therapeutics may be developed in accordance with regulatory guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D Weil
- Centre for Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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42
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Human Adipose Derived Cells in Two- and Three-Dimensional Cultures: Functional Validation of an In Vitro Fat Construct. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4242130. [PMID: 32587620 PMCID: PMC7303735 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4242130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, defined as a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or above, has increased considerably in incidence and frequency within the United States and globally. Associated comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have led to a focus on the mechanisms promoting the prevention and treatment of obesity. Commonly utilized in vitro models employ human or mouse preadipocyte cell lines in a 2-dimensional (2D) format. Due to the structural, biochemical, and biological limitations of these models, increased attention has been placed on "organ on a chip" technologies for a 3-dimensional (3D) culture. Herein, we describe a method employing cryopreserved primary human stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and a human blood product-derived biological scaffold to create a 3D adipose depot in vitro. The "fat-on-chip" 3D cultures have been validated relative to 2D cultures based on proliferation, flow cytometry, adipogenic differentiation, confocal microscopy/immunofluorescence, and functional assays (adipokine secretion, glucose uptake, and lipolysis). Thus, the in vitro culture system demonstrates the critical characteristics required for a humanized 3D white adipose tissue (WAT) model.
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43
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Ceccarelli S, Pontecorvi P, Anastasiadou E, Napoli C, Marchese C. Immunomodulatory Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: The Cutting Edge of Clinical Application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:236. [PMID: 32363193 PMCID: PMC7180192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising tool for soft tissue engineering as well as for clinical treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. The well-characterized multi-differentiation potential and self-renewal properties of ASCs are coupled with their immunomodulatory ability in providing therapeutic efficacy. Yet, their impact in immune or inflammatory disorders might rely both on cell contact-dependent mechanisms and paracrine effects, resulting in the release of various soluble factors that regulate immune cells functions. Despite the widespread use of ASCs in clinical trials addressing several pathologies, the pathophysiological mechanisms at the basis of their clinical use have been not yet fully investigated. In particular, a thorough analysis of ASC immunomodulatory potential is mandatory. Here we explore such molecular mechanisms involved in ASC immunomodulatory properties, emphasizing the relevance of the milieu composition. We review the potential clinical use of ASC secretome as a mediator for immunomodulation, with a focus on in vitro and in vivo environmental conditions affecting clinical outcome. We describe some potential strategies for optimization of ASCs immunomodulatory capacity in clinical settings, which act either on adult stem cells gene expression and local microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the limitations of both allogeneic and autologous ASC use, highlighting the issues to be fixed in order to significantly improve the efficacy of ASC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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44
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Klietz ML, Kückelhaus M, Kaiser HW, Raschke MJ, Hirsch T, Aitzetmüller M. Stammzellen in der Regenerativen Medizin – Translationale Hürden und Möglichkeiten zur Überwindung. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2020; 52:338-349. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1122-8916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von mesenchymalen Stammzellen in der regenerativen Medizin wird immer populärer. Nichtsdestotrotz ist ihre Anwendung im klinischen Alltag noch immer limitiert. Zahlreiche ethische, rechtliche und translationale Probleme sowie Ungewissheit bzgl. der Sicherheit hemmen noch immer die Entstehung von entsprechenden Therapien aus vielversprechenden wissenschaftlichen Ansätzen.Diese Arbeit soll die Hauptprobleme bei der Translation von stammzellbasierten Therapien aus der Grundlagenforschung und Präklinik in den klinischen Alltag darstellen, sowie Ansätze aufzeigen, diese zu überwinden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Klietz
- Abteilung für Plastische-, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster
- Sektion Plastische Chirurgie an der Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster
- Abteilung für Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Institut für Muskuloskelettale Medizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
| | - Maximilian Kückelhaus
- Abteilung für Plastische-, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster
- Sektion Plastische Chirurgie an der Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster
- Abteilung für Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Institut für Muskuloskelettale Medizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
| | | | - Michael J. Raschke
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster
| | - Tobias Hirsch
- Abteilung für Plastische-, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster
- Sektion Plastische Chirurgie an der Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster
- Abteilung für Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Institut für Muskuloskelettale Medizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
| | - Matthias Aitzetmüller
- Sektion Plastische Chirurgie an der Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster
- Abteilung für Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Institut für Muskuloskelettale Medizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
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45
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Pokrovskaya LA, Zubareva EV, Nadezhdin SV, Lysenko AS, Litovkina TL. Biological activity of mesenchymal stem cells secretome as a basis for cell-free therapeutic approach. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.49413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, cultured adult stem cells which secrete a complex set of multiple soluble biologically active molecules such as chemokines, and cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, lipid mediators, interleukins (IL), growth factors (GFs), hormones, micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), exosomes, as well as microvesicles, the secretome. MSCs of various origin, including adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), human uterine cervical stem cells (hUCESCs), may be good candidates for obtaining secretome-derived products. Different population of MSCs can secret different factors which could have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic activities, a neuroprotective effect, could improve bone, muscle, liver regeneration and wound healing. Therefore, the paracrine activity of conditioned medium obtained when cultivating MSCs, due to a plethora of bioactive factors, was assumed to have the most prominent cell-free therapeutic impact and can serve as a better option in the field of regenerative medicine in future.
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46
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Doron G, Klontzas ME, Mantalaris A, Guldberg RE, Temenoff JS. Multiomics characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in monolayer and as aggregates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1761-1778. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Doron
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta Georgia
| | - Michail E. Klontzas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta Georgia
- Emory University School of MedicineWinship Cancer InstituteAtlanta Georgia
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta Georgia
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta Georgia
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta Georgia
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific ImpactUniversity of OregonEugene Oregon
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlanta Georgia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta Georgia
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47
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Masłowski L, Paprocka M, Czyżewska-Buczyńska A, Bielawska-Pohl A, Duś D, Grendziak R, Witkiewicz W, Czarnecka A. Autotransplantation of the Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Therapy of Venous Stasis Ulcers. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:5. [PMID: 32060631 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a reliable source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) for use in regenerative medicine. The aim of this pilot study was to describe the method, and assess the safety and the potential efficacy of transplantation of autologous adipose tissue-derived MSC for the treatment of chronic venous stasis ulcers. Study group consisted of 11 patients (mean age: 66.6 ± 9.5 years) with chronic venous stasis ulcers. Adipose tissue was harvested by tumescent-aspiration method. Stromal cells were separated using a dedicated closed system in a real-time bedside manner. The phenotype of cells was determined immediately after separation. Cell concentrate was implanted subcutaneously around the wound and the wound bed. All ulcers were assessed planimetrically before autotransplantation and every two weeks during the six-month follow-up. During the study all patients received standard local and general treatment. The preparation contained an average of 5.6 × 106 ± 4 × 106 cells per milliliter. The phenotype of 65-82% of transplanted cells expressed MSC markers: CD73+ CD90+ and CD34+. An improvement was observed in 75% of ulcers. The data showed highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.0001) between wound size and wound closure degree. There was no correlation of ulcer healing with other parameters evaluated, including age of the patients. No serious side effects were observed. Autotransplantation of adipose tissue stromal cells may be a safe and promising treatment method for chronic venous ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Masłowski
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamienskiego 73a, 51-154, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Paprocka
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Bielawska-Pohl
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Duś
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Grendziak
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamienskiego 73a, 51-154, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamienskiego 73a, 51-154, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czarnecka
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamienskiego 73a, 51-154, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland.
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48
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Bukowska J, Alarcon Uquillas A, Wu X, Frazier T, Walendzik K, Vanek M, Gaupp D, Bunnell BA, Kosnik P, Mehrara B, Katz AJ, Gawronska-Kozak B, Gimble JM. Safety and Efficacy of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Therapy in an Immunocompetent Murine Pressure Ulcer Model. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:440-451. [PMID: 31950878 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure injuries/ulcers are frequent complications in elderly, paraplegic, and quadriplegic patients, which account for considerable cost to the international health care economy and remain refractory to current treatment options. Autologous or allogeneic adult stromal/stem cells represent an alternative therapeutic approach. The current study extends prior findings by exploring the safety and efficacy of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ASC) therapy in an established immunocompetent murine skin pressure ulcer model where dermal fibroblast cells (DFCs) served as a control. Human adipose tissue was processed using a closed system device designed for point-of-care use in the operating room and on file with the Food and Drug Administration. Cell characterization was performed using colony-forming unit-fibroblast, differentiation, and immunophenotypic assays in vitro. Wound healing was assessed over a 20-day period based on photomicrographs, histology, and immunohistochemistry. The isolated human ASCs displayed significantly greater colony formation relative to DFCs while both populations exhibited comparable immunophenotype and differentiation potential. Both fresh and cryopreserved human ASCs significantly accelerated and enhanced wound healing in young (2 month) mice of both sexes relative to DFC controls based on tissue architecture and CD68+ cell infiltration. In contrast, while injection of either fresh or cryopreserved human ASCs was safe in older mice, the fresh ASCs significantly enhanced wound closure relative to the cryopreserved ASCs. Overall, these findings support the safety and efficacy of human ASCs isolated using a closed system device designed for clinical procedures in the future treatment of pressure injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bukowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Xiying Wu
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Trivia Frazier
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mikaela Vanek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dina Gaupp
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Babak Mehrara
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adam J Katz
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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49
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The Role of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Dermal Regenerative Templates, and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tissue Engineering-Based Treatments of Chronic Skin Wounds. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7056261. [PMID: 32399048 PMCID: PMC7199611 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7056261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous improvements in the field of both regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have allowed the design of new and more efficacious strategies for the treatment of chronic or hard-to-heal skin wounds, which represent heavy burden, from a medical and economic point of view. These novel approaches are based on the usage of three key methodologies: stem cells, growth factors, and biomimetic scaffolds. These days, the adipose tissue can be considered the main source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, especially adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs are easily accessible from various fat depots and show an intrinsic plasticity in giving rise to cell types involved in wound healing and angiogenesis. ASCs can be found in fat grafts, historically used in the treatment of chronic wounds, and have been evaluated as such in both animal models and human trials, to exploit their capability of accelerating wound closure and inducing a correct remodeling of the newly formed fibrovascular tissue. Since survival and fitness of ASCs need to be improved, they are now employed in conjunction with advanced wound dressings, together with dermal regenerative templates and platelet-rich plasma (as a source of growth and healing factors). In this work, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the topic, based on existing studies and on our own experience.
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50
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Interleukin-6 from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promotes Tissue Repair by the Increase of Cell Proliferation and Hair Follicles in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Treated Skin Flaps. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2343867. [PMID: 31814799 PMCID: PMC6877947 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2343867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common postoperative complication after reconstructive surgery is flap necrosis. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their secretomes are reported to mediate skin repair. This study was designed to investigate whether conditioned media from ADSCs (ADSC-CM) protects ischemia/reperfusion- (I/R-) induced injury in skin flaps by promoting cell proliferation and increasing the number of hair follicles. The mouse flap model of ischemia was ligating the long thoracic vessels for 3 h, followed by blood reperfusion. ADSC-CM was administered to the flaps, and their survival was observed on postoperative day 5. ADSC-CM treatment led to a significant increase in cell proliferation and the number of hair follicles. IL-6 levels in the lysate and CM from ADSCs were significantly higher than those from Hs68 fibroblasts. Furthermore, a strong decrease in cell proliferation and the number of hair follicles was observed after treatment with IL-6-neutralizing antibodies or si-IL-6-ADSC. In addition, ADSC transplantation increased flap repair, cell proliferation, and hair follicle number in I/R injury of IL-6-knockout mice. In conclusion, IL-6 secreted from ADSCs promotes the survival of I/R-induced flaps by increasing cell proliferation and the number of hair follicles. ADSCs represent a promising therapy for preventing skin flap necrosis following reconstructive and plastic surgery.
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