1
|
Kriedemann N, Manstein F, Hernandez-Bautista CA, Ullmann K, Triebert W, Franke A, Mertens M, Stein ICAP, Leffler A, Witte M, Askurava T, Fricke V, Gruh I, Piep B, Kowalski K, Kraft T, Zweigerdt R. Protein-free media for cardiac differentiation of hPSCs in 2000 mL suspension culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:213. [PMID: 39020441 PMCID: PMC11256493 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commonly used media for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) contain high concentrations of proteins, in particular albumin, which is prone to quality variations and presents a substantial cost factor, hampering the clinical translation of in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes for heart repair. To overcome these limitations, we have developed chemically defined, entirely protein-free media based on RPMI, supplemented with L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA-2P) and either the non-ionic surfactant Pluronic F-68 or a specific polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). METHODS AND RESULTS Both media compositions enable the efficient, directed differentiation of embryonic and induced hPSCs, matching the cell yields and cardiomyocyte purity ranging from 85 to 99% achieved with the widely used protein-based CDM3 medium. The protein-free differentiation approach was readily up-scaled to a 2000 mL process scale in a fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor in suspension culture, producing > 1.3 × 109 cardiomyocytes in a single process run. Transcriptome analysis, flow cytometry, electrophysiology, and contractile force measurements revealed that the mass-produced cardiomyocytes differentiated in protein-free medium exhibit the expected ventricular-like properties equivalent to the well-established characteristics of CDM3-control cells. CONCLUSIONS This study promotes the robustness and upscaling of the cardiomyogenic differentiation process, substantially reduces media costs, and provides an important step toward the clinical translation of hPSC-CMs for heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kriedemann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos A Hernandez-Bautista
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kevin Ullmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Triebert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mira Mertens
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Merlin Witte
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tamari Askurava
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Fricke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Piep
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kowalski
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Andrée B, Voß N, Kriedemann N, Triebert W, Teske J, Mertens M, Witte M, Szádocka S, Hilfiker A, Aper T, Gruh I, Zweigerdt R. Fabrication of heart tubes from iPSC derived cardiomyocytes and human fibrinogen by rotating mold technology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13174. [PMID: 38849457 PMCID: PMC11161509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its structural and functional complexity the heart imposes immense physical, physiological and electromechanical challenges on the engineering of a biological replacement. Therefore, to come closer to clinical translation, the development of a simpler biological assist device is requested. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of tubular cardiac constructs with substantial dimensions of 6 cm in length and 11 mm in diameter by combining human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and human foreskin fibroblast (hFFs) in human fibrin employing a rotating mold technology. By centrifugal forces employed in the process a cell-dense layer was generated enabling a timely functional coupling of iPSC-CMs demonstrated by a transgenic calcium sensor, rhythmic tissue contractions, and responsiveness to electrical pacing. Adjusting the degree of remodeling as a function of hFF-content and inhibition of fibrinolysis resulted in stable tissue integrity for up to 5 weeks. The rotating mold device developed in frame of this work enabled the production of tubes with clinically relevant dimensions of up to 10 cm in length and 22 mm in diameter which-in combination with advanced bioreactor technology for controlled production of functional iPSC-derivatives-paves the way towards the clinical translation of a biological cardiac assist device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Andrée
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nils Voß
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Kriedemann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Triebert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Teske
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mira Mertens
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Merlin Witte
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sára Szádocka
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Aper
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHH-Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bravo-Olín J, Martínez-Carreón SA, Francisco-Solano E, Lara AR, Beltran-Vargas NE. Analysis of the role of perfusion, mechanical, and electrical stimulation in bioreactors for cardiac tissue engineering. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:767-839. [PMID: 38643271 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Since cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally one of the leading causes of death, of which myocardial infarction (MI) can cause irreversible damage and decrease survivors' quality of life, novel therapeutics are needed. Current approaches such as organ transplantation do not fully restore cardiac function or are limited. As a valuable strategy, tissue engineering seeks to obtain constructs that resemble myocardial tissue, vessels, and heart valves using cells, biomaterials as scaffolds, biochemical and physical stimuli. The latter can be induced using a bioreactor mimicking the heart's physiological environment. An extensive review of bioreactors providing perfusion, mechanical and electrical stimulation, as well as the combination of them is provided. An analysis of the stimulations' mechanisms and modes that best suit cardiac construct culture is developed. Finally, we provide insights into bioreactor configuration and culture assessment properties that need to be elucidated for its clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bravo-Olín
- Biological Engineering Undergraduate Program, Division of Natural Science and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México
| | - Sabina A Martínez-Carreón
- Biological Engineering Undergraduate Program, Division of Natural Science and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México
| | - Emmanuel Francisco-Solano
- Natural Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México
| | - Alvaro R Lara
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nohra E Beltran-Vargas
- Process and Technology Department, Division of Natural Science and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Xu F, Jin H, Qiu B, Yang J, Zhang W, Gao Q, Lin B, Chen S, Sun D. Integrated Manufacturing of Suspended and Aligned Nanofibrous Scaffold for Structural Maturation and Synchronous Contraction of HiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:702. [PMID: 37370633 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber constructs represent a promising alternative for mimicking the natural extracellular matrix in vitro and have significant potential for cardiac patch applications. While the effect of fiber orientation on the morphological structure of cardiomyocytes has been investigated, fibers only provide contact guidance without accounting for substrate stiffness due to their deposition on rigid substrates (e.g., glass or polystyrene). This paper introduces an in situ fabrication method for suspended and well aligned nanofibrous scaffolds via roller electrospinning, providing an anisotropic microenvironment with reduced stiffness for cardiac tissue engineering. A fiber surface modification strategy, utilizing oxygen plasma treatment combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, was proposed to maintain the hydrophilicity of polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers, promoting cellular adhesion. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs), cultured on aligned fibers, exhibited an elongated morphology with extension along the fiber axis. In comparison to Petri dishes and suspended random fiber scaffolds, hiPSC-CMs on suspended aligned fiber scaffolds demonstrated enhanced sarcomere organization, spontaneous synchronous contraction, and gene expression indicative of maturation. This work demonstrates the suspended and aligned nano-fibrous scaffold provides a more realistic biomimetic environment for hiPSC-CMs, which promoted further research on the inducing effect of fiber scaffolds on hiPSC-CMs microstructure and gene-level expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wangzihan Zhang
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Guangdong Beating Origin Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Foshan 528231, China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
In vitro cell stretching devices and their applications: From cardiomyogenic differentiation to tissue engineering. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
|
7
|
Pisanu A, Reid G, Fusco D, Sileo A, Robles Diaz D, Tarhini H, Putame G, Massai D, Isu G, Marsano A. Bizonal cardiac engineered tissues with differential maturation features in a mid-throughput multimodal bioreactor. iScience 2022; 25:104297. [PMID: 35586070 PMCID: PMC9108516 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional three-dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissue (ECT) models are essential for effective drug screening and biological studies. Application of physiological cues mimicking those typical of the native myocardium is known to promote the cardiac maturation and functionality in vitro. Commercially available bioreactors can apply one physical force type at a time and often in a restricted loading range. To overcome these limitations, a millimetric-scale microscope-integrated bioreactor was developed to deliver multiple biophysical stimuli to ECTs. In this study, we showed that the single application of auxotonic loading (passive) generated a bizonal ECT with a unique cardiac maturation pattern. Throughout the statically cultured constructs and in the ECT region exposed to high passive loading, cardiomyocytes predominantly displayed a round morphology and poor contractility ability. The ECT region with a low passive mechanical stimulation instead showed both rat- and human-origin cardiac cell maturation and organization, as well as increased ECT functionality. Mid-throughput culture platform to engineer reproducible 3D cardiac in vitro models 3D culture under multiphysical stimuli mimicking the in vivo heart environment Passive loading leads to bizonal constructs with different cardiac maturation stages
Collapse
|
8
|
Fang Y, Sun W, Zhang T, Xiong Z. Recent advances on bioengineering approaches for fabrication of functional engineered cardiac pumps: A review. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121298. [PMID: 34864451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of cardiac tissue engineering has advanced over the past decades; however, most research progress has been limited to engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) at the microscale with minimal geometrical complexities such as 3D strips and patches. Although microscale ECTs are advantageous for drug screening applications because of their high-throughput and standardization characteristics, they have limited translational applications in heart repair and the in vitro modeling of cardiac function and diseases. Recently, researchers have made various attempts to construct engineered cardiac pumps (ECPs) such as chambered ventricles, recapitulating the geometrical complexity of the native heart. The transition from microscale ECTs to ECPs at a translatable scale would greatly accelerate their translational applications; however, researchers are confronted with several major hurdles, including geometrical reconstruction, vascularization, and functional maturation. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review the recent advances on bioengineering approaches for fabrication of functional engineered cardiac pumps. We first review the bioengineering approaches to fabricate ECPs, and then emphasize the unmatched potential of 3D bioprinting techniques. We highlight key advances in bioprinting strategies with high cell density as researchers have begun to realize the critical role that the cell density of non-proliferative cardiomyocytes plays in the cell-cell interaction and functional contracting performance. We summarize the current approaches to engineering vasculatures both at micro- and meso-scales, crucial for the survival of thick cardiac tissues and ECPs. We showcase a variety of strategies developed to enable the functional maturation of cardiac tissues, mimicking the in vivo environment during cardiac development. By highlighting state-of-the-art research, this review offers personal perspectives on future opportunities and trends that may bring us closer to the promise of functional ECPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongcong Fang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, PR China; "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, PR China; "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, PR China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, PR China; "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Xiong
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, PR China; "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carlos-Oliveira M, Lozano-Juan F, Occhetta P, Visone R, Rasponi M. Current strategies of mechanical stimulation for maturation of cardiac microtissues. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:717-727. [PMID: 34765047 PMCID: PMC8555032 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The most advanced in vitro cardiac models are today based on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, the maturation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) has not yet been fully achieved. Therefore, there is a rising need to move towards models capable of promoting an adult-like cardiomyocytes phenotype. Many strategies have been applied such as co-culture of cardiomyocytes, with fibroblasts and endothelial cells, or conditioning them through biochemical factors and physical stimulations. Here, we focus on mechanical stimulation as it aims to mimic the different mechanical forces that heart receives during its development and the post-natal period. We describe the current strategies and the mechanical properties necessary to promote a positive response in cardiac tissues from different cell sources, distinguishing between passive stimulation, which includes stiffness, topography and static stress and active stimulation, encompassing cyclic strain, compression or perfusion. We also highlight how mechanical stimulation is applied in disease modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carlos-Oliveira
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ferran Lozano-Juan
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy.,BiomimX S.r.l., Via G. Durando 38/A, 20158 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Occhetta
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kosanke M, Davenport C, Szepes M, Wiehlmann L, Kohrn T, Dorda M, Gruber J, Menge K, Sievert M, Melchert A, Gruh I, Göhring G, Martin U. iPSC culture expansion selects against putatively actionable mutations in the mitochondrial genome. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2488-2502. [PMID: 34560000 PMCID: PMC8514965 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic application of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derivatives requires comprehensive assessment of the integrity of their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to exclude oncogenic potential and functional deficits. It is unknown, to which extent mtDNA variants originate from their parental cells or from de novo mutagenesis, and whether dynamics in heteroplasmy levels are caused by inter- and intracellular selection or genetic drift. Sequencing of mtDNA of 26 iPSC clones did not reveal evidence for de novo mutagenesis, or for any selection processes during reprogramming or differentiation. Culture expansion, however, selected against putatively actionable mtDNA mutations. Altogether, our findings point toward a scenario in which intracellular selection of mtDNA variants during culture expansion shapes the mutational landscape of the mitochondrial genome. Our results suggest that intercellular selection and genetic drift exert minor impact and that the bottleneck effect in context of the mtDNA genetic pool might have been overestimated. Expansion culture selects against putatively actionable mtDNA mutations in iPSCs Intracellular selection on mtDNA molecules shapes the mutational landscape Random genetic drift and intercellular selection exert minor impact Selection acts during culture expansion but not during reprogramming or differentiation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kosanke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Colin Davenport
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Szepes
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lutz Wiehlmann
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Kohrn
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Dorda
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas Gruber
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kaja Menge
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Sievert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Melchert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Napiwocki B, Stempien A, Lang D, Kruepke R, Kim G, Zhang J, Eckhardt L, Glukhov A, Kamp T, Crone W. Micropattern platform promotes extracellular matrix remodeling by human PSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts and enhances contractility of co-cultured cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15045. [PMID: 34617673 PMCID: PMC8496154 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In native heart tissue, cardiac fibroblasts provide the structural framework of extracellular matrix (ECM) while also influencing the electrical and mechanical properties of cardiomyocytes. Recent advances in the field of stem cell differentiation have led to the availability of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac fibroblasts (iPSC-CFs) in addition to cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Here we use a novel 2D in vitro micropatterned platform that provides control over ECM geometry and substrate stiffness. When cultured alone on soft micropatterned substrates, iPSC-CFs are confined to the micropatterned features and remodel the ECM into anisotropic fibers. Similar remodeling and ECM production occurs when cultured with iPSC-CMs in a co-culture model. In addition to modifications in the ECM, our results show that iPSC-CFs influence iPSC-CM function with accelerated Ca2+ transient rise-up time and greater contractile strains in the co-culture conditions compared to when iPSC-CMs are cultured alone. These combined observations highlight the important role cardiac fibroblasts play in vivo and the need for co-culture models like the one presented here to provide more representative in vitro cardiac constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B.N. Napiwocki
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Institute for DiscoveryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - A. Stempien
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Institute for DiscoveryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - D. Lang
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - R.A. Kruepke
- Engineering Mechanics ProgramUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - G. Kim
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - L.L. Eckhardt
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - A.V. Glukhov
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - T.J. Kamp
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - W.C. Crone
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Institute for DiscoveryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Engineering Mechanics ProgramUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Engineering PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gu X, Zhou F, Mu J. Recent Advances in Maturation of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Promoted by Mechanical Stretch. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931063. [PMID: 34381009 PMCID: PMC8369941 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have significant potential use in tissue regeneration, especially for treating cardiac diseases because of their multi-directional differentiation capability. By mimicking the in vivo physiological environment of native cardiomyocytes during their development and maturation, researchers have been able to induce pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) at high purity. However, the phenotype of these PSC-CMs is immature compared with that of adult cardiomyocytes. Various strategies have been explored to improve the maturity of PSC-CMs, such as long-term culturing, mechanical stimuli, chemical stimuli, and combinations of these strategies. Among these strategies, mechanical stretch as a key mechanical stimulus plays an important role in PSC-CM maturation. In this review, the optimal parameters of mechanical stretch, the effects of mechanical stretch on maturation of PSC-CMs, underlying molecular mechanisms as well as existing problems are discussed. Mechanical stretch is a powerful approach to promote the maturation of SC-CMs in terms of morphology, structure, and functionality. Nonetheless, further research efforts are needed to reach a satisfactory standard for clinical applications of PSC-CMs in treating cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Gu
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Junsheng Mu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
López-Canosa A, Perez-Amodio S, Yanac-Huertas E, Ordoño J, Rodriguez-Trujillo R, Samitier J, Castaño O, Engel E. A microphysiological system combining electrospun fibers and electrical stimulation for the maturation of highly anisotropic cardiac tissue. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33962409 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abff12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The creation of cardiac tissue models for preclinical testing is still a non-solved problem in drug discovery, due to the limitations related to thein vitroreplication of cardiac tissue complexity. Among these limitations, the difficulty of mimicking the functional properties of the myocardium due to the immaturity of the used cells hampers the obtention of reliable results that could be translated into human patients.In vivomodels are the current gold standard to test new treatments, although it is widely acknowledged that the used animals are unable to fully recapitulate human physiology, which often leads to failures during clinical trials. In the present work, we present a microfluidic platform that aims to provide a range of signaling cues to immature cardiac cells to drive them towards an adult phenotype. The device combines topographical electrospun nanofibers with electrical stimulation in a microfabricated system. We validated our platform using a co-culture of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, showing that it allows us to control the degree of anisotropy of the cardiac tissue inside the microdevice in a cost-effective way. Moreover, a 3D computational model of the electrical field was created and validated to demonstrate that our platform is able to closely match the distribution obtained with the gold standard (planar electrode technology) using inexpensive rod-shaped biocompatible stainless-steel electrodes. The functionality of the electrical stimulation was shown to induce a higher expression of the tight junction protein Cx-43, as well as the upregulation of several key genes involved in conductive and structural cardiac properties. These results validate our platform as a powerful tool for the tissue engineering community due to its low cost, high imaging compatibility, versatility, and high-throughput configuration capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián López-Canosa
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Perez-Amodio
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,IMEM-BRT Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Yanac-Huertas
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ordoño
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Romen Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Castaño
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,IMEM-BRT Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Seguret M, Vermersch E, Jouve C, Hulot JS. Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:563. [PMID: 34069816 PMCID: PMC8157277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magali Seguret
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Eva Vermersch
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Charlène Jouve
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Campostrini G, Windt LM, van Meer BJ, Bellin M, Mummery CL. Cardiac Tissues From Stem Cells: New Routes to Maturation and Cardiac Regeneration. Circ Res 2021; 128:775-801. [PMID: 33734815 PMCID: PMC8410091 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of human pluripotent stem cells to form all cells of the body has provided many opportunities to study disease and produce cells that can be used for therapy in regenerative medicine. Even though beating cardiomyocytes were among the first cell types to be differentiated from human pluripotent stem cell, cardiac applications have advanced more slowly than those, for example, for the brain, eye, and pancreas. This is, in part, because simple 2-dimensional human pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocyte cultures appear to need crucial functional cues normally present in the 3-dimensional heart structure. Recent tissue engineering approaches combined with new insights into the dialogue between noncardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes have addressed and provided solutions to issues such as cardiomyocyte immaturity and inability to recapitulate adult heart values for features like contraction force, electrophysiology, or metabolism. Three-dimensional bioengineered heart tissues are thus poised to contribute significantly to disease modeling, drug discovery, and safety pharmacology, as well as provide new modalities for heart repair. Here, we review the current status of 3-dimensional engineered heart tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Laura M. Windt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- MESA+ Institute (B.J.v.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.B.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Padua, Italy (M.B.)
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies (C.L.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Banerjee S, Szepes M, Dibbert N, Rios-Camacho JC, Kirschning A, Gruh I, Dräger G. Dextran-based scaffolds for in-situ hydrogelation: Use for next generation of bioartificial cardiac tissues. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117924. [PMID: 33838803 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of a chemically-defined matrix for in vitro cardiac tissue generation, we present dextran (Dex)-derived hydrogels as matrices suitable for bioartificial cardiac tissues (BCT). The dextran hydrogels were generated in situ by using hydrazone formation as the crosslinking reaction. Material properties were flexibly adjusted, by varying the degrees of derivatization and the molecular weight of dextran used. Furthermore, to modulate dextran's bioactivity, cyclic pentapeptide RGD was coupled to its backbone. BCTs were generated by using a blend of modified dextran and human collagen (hColI) in combination with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and fibroblasts. These hColI + Dex blends with or without RGD supported tissue formation and functional maturation of CMs. Contraction forces (hColI + Dex-RGD: 0.27 ± 0.02 mN; hColI + Dex: 0.26 ± 0.01 mN) and frequencies were comparable to published constructs. Thus, we could demonstrate that, independent of the presence of RGD, our covalently linked dextran hydrogels are a promising matrix for building cardiac grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samhita Banerjee
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Szepes
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nick Dibbert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julio-Cesar Rios-Camacho
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morrissey J, Mesquita FCP, Hochman-Mendez C, Taylor DA. Whole Heart Engineering: Advances and Challenges. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:395-405. [PMID: 33640893 DOI: 10.1159/000511382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering a solid organ for organ replacement is a growing endeavor in regenerative medicine. Our approach - recellularization of a decellularized cadaveric organ scaffold with human cells - is currently the most promising approach to building a complex solid vascularized organ to be utilized in vivo, which remains the major unmet need and a key challenge. The 2008 publication of perfusion-based decellularization and partial recellularization of a rat heart revolutionized the tissue engineering field by showing that it was feasible to rebuild an organ using a decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold. Toward the goal of clinical translation of bioengineered tissues and organs, there is increasing recognition of the underlying need to better integrate basic science domains and industry. From the perspective of a research group focusing on whole heart engineering, we discuss the current approaches and advances in whole organ engineering research as they relate to this multidisciplinary field's 3 major pillars: organ scaffolds, large numbers of cells, and biomimetic bioreactor systems. The success of whole organ engineering will require optimization of protocols to produce biologically-active scaffolds for multiple organ systems, and further technological innovation both to produce the massive quantities of high-quality cells needed for recellularization and to engineer a bioreactor with physiologic stimuli to recapitulate organ function. Also discussed are the challenges to building an implantable vascularized solid organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelynn Morrissey
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fernanda C P Mesquita
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Camila Hochman-Mendez
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tadevosyan K, Iglesias-García O, Mazo MM, Prósper F, Raya A. Engineering and Assessing Cardiac Tissue Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031479. [PMID: 33540699 PMCID: PMC7867236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is very much in a current focus of regenerative medicine research as it represents a promising strategy for cardiac disease modelling, cardiotoxicity testing and cardiovascular repair. Advances in this field over the last two decades have enabled the generation of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs with progressively increased functional capabilities. However, reproducing tissue-like properties is still a pending issue, as constructs generated to date remain immature relative to native adult heart. Moreover, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the methodologies used to assess the functionality and cardiac maturation state of engineered cardiac tissue constructs, which further complicates the comparison of constructs generated in different ways. Here, we present an overview of the general approaches developed to generate functional cardiac tissues, discussing the different cell sources, biomaterials, and types of engineering strategies utilized to date. Moreover, we discuss the main functional assays used to evaluate the cardiac maturation state of the constructs, both at the cellular and the tissue levels. We trust that researchers interested in developing engineered cardiac tissue constructs will find the information reviewed here useful. Furthermore, we believe that providing a unified framework for comparison will further the development of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs displaying the specific properties best suited for each particular application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Tadevosyan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part II: Systems and Applications. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this second part of our systematic review on the research area of 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors we give a detailed description of the published work with regard to the existing micro-bioreactor types and their applications, and highlight important results gathered with the respective systems. As an interesting detail, we found that micro-bioreactors have already been used in SARS-CoV research prior to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As our literature research revealed a variety of 3D cell culture configurations in the examined bioreactor systems, we defined in review part one “complexity levels” by means of the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques applied in the systems. The definition of the complexity is thereby based on the knowledge that the spatial distribution of cell-extracellular matrix interactions and the spatial distribution of homologous and heterologous cell–cell contacts play an important role in modulating cell functions. Because at least one of these parameters can be assigned to the 3D cell culture techniques discussed in the present review, we structured the studies according to the complexity levels applied in the MBR systems.
Collapse
|
20
|
Advanced 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Micro-Bioreactors, Part I: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature Published between 2000 and 2020. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioreactors have proven useful for a vast amount of applications. Besides classical large-scale bioreactors and fermenters for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, micro-bioreactors, as specialized bioreactor systems, have become an invaluable tool for mammalian 3D cell cultures. In this systematic review we analyze the literature in the field of eukaryotic 3D cell culture in micro-bioreactors within the last 20 years. For this, we define complexity levels with regard to the cellular 3D microenvironment concerning cell–matrix-contact, cell–cell-contact and the number of different cell types present at the same time. Moreover, we examine the data with regard to the micro-bioreactor design including mode of cell stimulation/nutrient supply and materials used for the micro-bioreactors, the corresponding 3D cell culture techniques and the related cellular microenvironment, the cell types and in vitro models used. As a data source we used the National Library of Medicine and analyzed the studies published from 2000 to 2020.
Collapse
|
21
|
Szepes M, Melchert A, Dahlmann J, Hegermann J, Werlein C, Jonigk D, Haverich A, Martin U, Olmer R, Gruh I. Dual Function of iPSC-Derived Pericyte-Like Cells in Vascularization and Fibrosis-Related Cardiac Tissue Remodeling In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238947. [PMID: 33255686 PMCID: PMC7728071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF) is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, increased myocardial stiffness, functional weakening, and compensatory cardiomyocyte (CM) hypertrophy. Fibroblasts (Fbs) are considered the principal source of ECM, but the contribution of perivascular cells, including pericytes (PCs), has gained attention, since MIF develops primarily around small vessels. The pathogenesis of MIF is difficult to study in humans because of the pleiotropy of mutually influencing pathomechanisms, unpredictable side effects, and the lack of available patient samples. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer the unique opportunity for the de novo formation of bioartificial cardiac tissue (BCT) using a variety of different cardiovascular cell types to model aspects of MIF pathogenesis in vitro. Here, we have optimized a protocol for the derivation of hPSC-derived PC-like cells (iPSC-PCs) and present a BCT in vitro model of MIF that shows their central influence on interstitial collagen deposition and myocardial tissue stiffening. This model was used to study the interplay of different cell types—i.e., hPSC-derived CMs, endothelial cells (ECs), and iPSC-PCs or primary Fbs, respectively. While iPSC-PCs improved the sarcomere structure and supported vascularization in a PC-like fashion, the functional and histological parameters of BCTs revealed EC- and PC-mediated effects on fibrosis-related cardiac tissue remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szepes
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Anna Melchert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Danny Jonigk
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Axel Haverich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-8901
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Massai D, Pisani G, Isu G, Rodriguez Ruiz A, Cerino G, Galluzzi R, Pisanu A, Tonoli A, Bignardi C, Audenino AL, Marsano A, Morbiducci U. Bioreactor Platform for Biomimetic Culture and in situ Monitoring of the Mechanical Response of in vitro Engineered Models of Cardiac Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:733. [PMID: 32766218 PMCID: PMC7381147 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, relevant advances have been made in the generation of engineered cardiac constructs to be used as functional in vitro models for cardiac research or drug testing, and with the ultimate but still challenging goal of repairing the damaged myocardium. To support cardiac tissue generation and maturation in vitro, the application of biomimetic physical stimuli within dedicated bioreactors is crucial. In particular, cardiac-like mechanical stimulation has been demonstrated to promote development and maturation of cardiac tissue models. Here, we developed an automated bioreactor platform for tunable cyclic stretch and in situ monitoring of the mechanical response of in vitro engineered cardiac tissues. To demonstrate the bioreactor platform performance and to investigate the effects of cyclic stretch on construct maturation and contractility, we developed 3D annular cardiac tissue models based on neonatal rat cardiac cells embedded in fibrin hydrogel. The constructs were statically pre-cultured for 5 days and then exposed to 4 days of uniaxial cyclic stretch (sinusoidal waveform, 10% strain, 1 Hz) within the bioreactor. Explanatory biological tests showed that cyclic stretch promoted cardiomyocyte alignment, maintenance, and maturation, with enhanced expression of typical mature cardiac markers compared to static controls. Moreover, in situ monitoring showed increasing passive force of the constructs along the dynamic culture. Finally, only the stretched constructs were responsive to external electrical pacing with synchronous and regular contractile activity, further confirming that cyclic stretching was instrumental for their functional maturation. This study shows that the proposed bioreactor platform is a reliable device for cyclic stretch culture and in situ monitoring of the passive mechanical response of the cultured constructs. The innovative feature of acquiring passive force measurements in situ and along the culture allows monitoring the construct maturation trend without interrupting the culture, making the proposed device a powerful tool for in vitro investigation and ultimately production of functional engineered cardiac constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Massai
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pisani
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres Rodriguez Ruiz
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renato Galluzzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Pisanu
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tonoli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Bignardi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L Audenino
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Drug response analysis for scaffold-free cardiac constructs fabricated using bio-3D printer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8972. [PMID: 32487993 PMCID: PMC7265390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac constructs fabricated using human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSCs-CMs) are useful for evaluating the cardiotoxicity of and cardiac response to new drugs. Previously, we fabricated scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) tubular cardiac constructs using a bio-3D printer, which can load cardiac spheroids onto a needle array. In this study, we developed a method to measure the contractile force and to evaluate the drug response in cardiac constructs. Specifically, we measured the movement of the needle tip upon contraction of the cardiac constructs on the needle array. The contractile force and beating rate of the cardiac constructs were evaluated by analysing changes in the movement of the needle tip. To evaluate the drug response, contractile properties were measured following treatment with isoproterenol, propranolol, or blebbistatin, in which the movement of the needle tip was increased following isoproterenol treatment, but was decreased following propranolol or blebbistain, treatments. To evaluate cardiotoxicity, contraction and cell viability of the cardiac constructs were measured following doxorubicin treatment. Cell viability was found to decrease with decreasing movement of the needle tip following doxorubicin treatment. Collectively, our results show that this method can aid in evaluating the contractile force of cardiac constructs.
Collapse
|
24
|
Grund A, Szaroszyk M, Döppner JK, Malek Mohammadi M, Kattih B, Korf-Klingebiel M, Gigina A, Scherr M, Kensah G, Jara-Avaca M, Gruh I, Martin U, Wollert KC, Gohla A, Katus HA, Müller OJ, Bauersachs J, Heineke J. A gene therapeutic approach to inhibit calcium and integrin binding protein 1 ameliorates maladaptive remodelling in pressure overload. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:71-82. [PMID: 29931050 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Chronic heart failure is becoming increasingly prevalent and is still associated with a high mortality rate. Myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis drive cardiac remodelling and heart failure, but they are not sufficiently inhibited by current treatment strategies. Furthermore, despite increasing knowledge on cardiomyocyte intracellular signalling proteins inducing pathological hypertrophy, therapeutic approaches to target these molecules are currently unavailable. In this study, we aimed to establish and test a therapeutic tool to counteract the 22 kDa calcium and integrin binding protein (CIB) 1, which we have previously identified as nodal regulator of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and as activator of the maladaptive calcineurin/NFAT axis. Methods and results Among three different sequences, we selected a shRNA construct (shCIB1) to specifically down-regulate CIB1 by 50% upon adenoviral overexpression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM), and upon overexpression by an adeno-associated-virus (AAV) 9 vector in mouse hearts. Overexpression of shCIB1 in NRCM markedly reduced cellular growth, improved contractility of bioartificial cardiac tissue and reduced calcineurin/NFAT activation in response to hypertrophic stimulation. In mice, administration of AAV-shCIB1 strongly ameliorated eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction during 2 weeks of pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Ultrastructural and molecular analyses revealed markedly reduced myocardial fibrosis, inhibition of hypertrophy associated gene expression and calcineurin/NFAT as well as ERK MAP kinase activation after TAC in AAV-shCIB1 vs. AAV-shControl treated mice. During long-term exposure to pressure overload for 10 weeks, AAV-shCIB1 treatment maintained its anti-hypertrophic and anti-fibrotic effects, but cardiac function was no longer improved vs. AAV-shControl treatment, most likely resulting from a reduction in myocardial angiogenesis upon downregulation of CIB1. Conclusions Inhibition of CIB1 by a shRNA-mediated gene therapy potently inhibits pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis during pressure overload. While cardiac function is initially improved by shCIB1, this cannot be kept up during persisting overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grund
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Szaroszyk
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina K Döppner
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mona Malek Mohammadi
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Badder Kattih
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mortimer Korf-Klingebiel
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Gigina
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Hämostaseologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation
| | - George Kensah
- Leibniz Forschungslaboratorien für Biotechnologie und künstliche Organe, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monica Jara-Avaca
- Leibniz Forschungslaboratorien für Biotechnologie und künstliche Organe, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Forschungslaboratorien für Biotechnologie und künstliche Organe, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Forschungslaboratorien für Biotechnologie und künstliche Organe, Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai C Wollert
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Gohla
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie and Rudolf Virchow Zentrum für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.,Abteilung für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, Mannheim, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Rebirth, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao Y, Rafatian N, Wang EY, Wu Q, Lai BFL, Lu RX, Savoji H, Radisic M. Towards chamber specific heart-on-a-chip for drug testing applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 165-166:60-76. [PMID: 31917972 PMCID: PMC7338250 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of human organs has long been a task for scientists in order to lower the costs of therapeutic development and understand the pathological onset of human disease. For decades, despite marked differences in genetics and etiology, animal models remained the norm for drug discovery and disease modeling. Innovative biofabrication techniques have facilitated the development of organ-on-a-chip technology that has great potential to complement conventional animal models. However, human organ as a whole, more specifically the human heart, is difficult to regenerate in vitro, in terms of its chamber specific orientation and its electrical functional complexity. Recent progress with the development of induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols, made recapitulating the complexity of the human heart possible through the generation of cells representative of atrial & ventricular tissue, the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers. Current heart-on-a-chip approaches incorporate biological, electrical, mechanical, and topographical cues to facilitate tissue maturation, therefore improving the predictive power for the chamber-specific therapeutic effects targeting adult human. In this review, we will give a summary of current advances in heart-on-a-chip technology and provide a comprehensive outlook on the challenges involved in the development of human physiologically relevant heart-on-a-chip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Benjamin F L Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rick Xingze Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lei Y, Goldblatt ZE, Billiar KL. Micromechanical Design Criteria for Tissue-Engineering Biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Valls-Margarit M, Iglesias-García O, Di Guglielmo C, Sarlabous L, Tadevosyan K, Paoli R, Comelles J, Blanco-Almazán D, Jiménez-Delgado S, Castillo-Fernández O, Samitier J, Jané R, Martínez E, Raya Á. Engineered Macroscale Cardiac Constructs Elicit Human Myocardial Tissue-like Functionality. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:207-220. [PMID: 31231023 PMCID: PMC6626888 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro surrogate models of human cardiac tissue hold great promise in disease modeling, cardiotoxicity testing, and future applications in regenerative medicine. However, the generation of engineered human cardiac constructs with tissue-like functionality is currently thwarted by difficulties in achieving efficient maturation at the cellular and/or tissular level. Here, we report on the design and implementation of a platform for the production of engineered cardiac macrotissues from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which we term "CardioSlice." PSC-derived cardiomyocytes, together with human fibroblasts, are seeded into large 3D porous scaffolds and cultured using a parallelized perfusion bioreactor with custom-made culture chambers. Continuous electrical stimulation for 2 weeks promotes cardiomyocyte alignment and synchronization, and the emergence of cardiac tissue-like properties. These include electrocardiogram-like signals that can be readily measured on the surface of CardioSlice constructs, and a response to proarrhythmic drugs that is predictive of their effect in human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valls-Margarit
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Di Guglielmo
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Sarlabous
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Signal Processing and Interpretation, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karine Tadevosyan
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Paoli
- Nanobioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Comelles
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Blanco-Almazán
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Signal Processing and Interpretation, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Senda Jiménez-Delgado
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Samitier
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Nanobioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Jané
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Signal Processing and Interpretation, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ángel Raya
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fang Y, Zhang T, Zhang L, Gong W, Sun W. Biomimetic design and fabrication of scaffolds integrating oriented micro-pores with branched channel networks for myocardial tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2019; 11:035004. [PMID: 30870827 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab0fd3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) thick vascularized myocardial tissue could enable scientific and technological advances in tissue engineering and drug screening, and may accelerate its application in myocardium repair. In this study, we developed a novel biomimetic scaffold integrating oriented micro-pores with branched channel networks to mimic the anisotropy and vasculature of native myocardium. The oriented micro-pores were fabricated using an 'Oriented Thermally Induced Phase Separation (OTIPS)' technique, and the channel network was produced by embedding and subsequently dissolving a 3D-printed carbohydrate template after crosslinking. Micro-holes were incorporated on the wall of channels, which greatly enhanced the permeability of channels. The effect of the sacrificial template on the formation of oriented micro- pores was assessed. The mechanical properties of the scaffold were tuned by varying the temperature gradient and chitosan/collagen ratio to match the specific stiffness of native heart tissue. The engineered cardiac tissue achieved synchronized beating with electrical stimulation. Calcium transient results suggested the formation of connection between cardiomyocytes within scaffold. All the results demonstrated that the reported scaffold has the potential to induce formation of a perfusable vascular network and to create thick vascularized cardiac tissue that may advance further clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongcong Fang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China. Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China. 'Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems' Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jara Avaca M, Gruh I. Bioengineered Cardiac Tissue Based on Human Stem Cells for Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:117-146. [PMID: 29218360 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissue might enable novel therapeutic strategies for the human heart in a number of acquired and congenital diseases. With recent advances in stem cell technologies, namely the availability of pluripotent stem cells, the generation of potentially autologous tissue grafts has become a realistic option. Nevertheless, a number of limitations still have to be addressed before clinical application of engineered cardiac tissue based on human stem cells can be realized. We summarize current progress and pending challenges regarding the optimal cell source, cardiomyogenic lineage specification, purification, safety of genetic cell engineering, and genomic stability. Cardiac cells should be combined with clinical grade scaffold materials for generation of functional myocardial tissue in vitro. Scale-up to clinically relevant dimensions is mandatory, and tissue vascularization is most probably required both for preclinical in vivo testing in suitable large animal models and for clinical application. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Jara Avaca
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department for Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH) & Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department for Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH) & Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leonard A, Bertero A, Powers JD, Beussman KM, Bhandari S, Regnier M, Murry CE, Sniadecki NJ. Afterload promotes maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes in engineered heart tissues. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 118:147-158. [PMID: 29604261 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) grown in engineered heart tissue (EHT) can be used for drug screening, disease modeling, and heart repair. However, the immaturity of hiPSC-CMs currently limits their use. Because mechanical loading increases during development and facilitates cardiac maturation, we hypothesized that afterload would promote maturation of EHTs. To test this we developed a system in which EHTs are suspended between a rigid post and a flexible one, whose resistance to contraction can be modulated by applying braces of varying length. These braces allow us to adjust afterload conditions over two orders of magnitude by increasing the flexible post resistance from 0.09 up to 9.2 μN/μm. After three weeks in culture, optical tracking of post deflections revealed that auxotonic twitch forces increased in correlation with the degree of afterload, whereas twitch velocities decreased with afterload. Consequently, the power and work of the EHTs were maximal under intermediate afterloads. When studied isometrically, the inotropy of EHTs increased with afterload up to an intermediate resistance (0.45 μN/μm) and then plateaued. Applied afterload increased sarcomere length, cardiomyocyte area and elongation, which are hallmarks of maturation. Furthermore, progressively increasing the level of afterload led to improved calcium handling, increased expression of several key markers of cardiac maturation, including a shift from fetal to adult ventricular myosin heavy chain isoforms. However, at the highest afterload condition, markers of pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis were also upregulated, although the bulk tissue stiffness remained the same for all levels of applied afterload tested. Together, our results indicate that application of moderate afterloads can substantially improve the maturation of hiPSC-CMs in EHTs, while high afterload conditions may mimic certain aspects of human cardiac pathology resulting from elevated mechanical overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leonard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98107, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
| | - Joseph D Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98107, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M Beussman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98107, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
| | - Shiv Bhandari
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98107, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98107, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA.
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98107, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98107, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98109, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Beckmann E, Kensah G, Neumann A, Benecke N, Martens A, Martin U, Gruh I, Haverich A. Prolonged myocardial protection during hypothermic storage: potential application for cardiac surgery and myocardial tissue engineering. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
32
|
Shen N, Riedl JA, Carvajal Berrio DA, Davis Z, Monaghan MG, Layland SL, Hinderer S, Schenke-Layland K. A flow bioreactor system compatible with real-time two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:024101. [PMID: 29148433 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa9b3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactors are essential cell and tissue culture tools that allow the introduction of biophysical signals into in vitro cultures. One major limitation is the need to interrupt experiments and sacrifice samples at certain time points for analyses. To address this issue, we designed a bioreactor that combines high-resolution contact-free imaging and continuous flow in a closed system that is compatible with various types of microscopes. The high throughput fluid flow bioreactor was combined with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2P-FLIM) and validated. The hydrodynamics of the bioreactor chamber were characterized using COMSOL. The simulation of shear stress indicated that the bioreactor system provides homogeneous and reproducible flow conditions. The designed bioreactor was used to investigate the effects of low shear stress on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In a scratch assay, we observed decreased migration of HUVECs under shear stress conditions. Furthermore, metabolic activity shifts from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms in HUVECs cultured under low shear stress conditions were detected using 2P-FLIM. Future applications for this bioreactor range from observing cell fate development in real-time to monitoring the environmental effects on cells or metabolic changes due to drug applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shen
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute of Women's Health, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany. Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Unravelling the effects of mechanical physiological conditioning on cardiac adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells in vitro and in silico. Sci Rep 2018; 8:499. [PMID: 29323152 PMCID: PMC5764962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical conditioning is incompletely characterized for stimulating therapeutic cells within the physiological range. We sought to unravel the mechanism of action underlying mechanical conditioning of adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells (ATDPCs), both in vitro and in silico. Cardiac ATDPCs, grown on 3 different patterned surfaces, were mechanically stretched for 7 days at 1 Hz. A custom-designed, magnet-based, mechanical stimulator device was developed to apply ~10% mechanical stretching to monolayer cell cultures. Gene and protein analyses were performed for each cell type and condition. Cell supernatants were also collected to analyze secreted proteins and construct an artificial neural network. Gene and protein modulations were different for each surface pattern. After mechanostimulation, cardiac ATDPCs increased the expression of structural genes and there was a rising trend on cardiac transcription factors. Finally, secretome analyses revealed upregulation of proteins associated with both myocardial infarction and cardiac regeneration, such as regulators of the immune response, angiogenesis or cell adhesion. To conclude, mechanical conditioning of cardiac ATDPCs enhanced the expression of early and late cardiac genes in vitro. Additionally, in silico analyses of secreted proteins showed that mechanical stimulation of cardiac ATDPCs was highly associated with myocardial infarction and repair.
Collapse
|
34
|
Jackman CP, Ganapathi AM, Asfour H, Qian Y, Allen BW, Li Y, Bursac N. Engineered cardiac tissue patch maintains structural and electrical properties after epicardial implantation. Biomaterials 2018; 159:48-58. [PMID: 29309993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional cardiac tissue engineering holds promise as a candidate therapy for myocardial infarction and heart failure. Generation of "strong-contracting and fast-conducting" cardiac tissue patches capable of electromechanical coupling with host myocardium could allow efficient improvement of heart function without increased arrhythmogenic risks. Towards that goal, we engineered highly functional 1 cm × 1 cm cardiac tissue patches made of neonatal rat ventricular cells which after 2 weeks of culture exhibited force of contraction of 18.0 ± 1.4 mN, conduction velocity (CV) of 32.3 ± 1.8 cm/s, and sustained chronic activation when paced at rates as high as 8.7 ± 0.8 Hz. Patches transduced with genetically-encoded calcium indicator (GCaMP6) were implanted onto adult rat ventricles and after 4-6 weeks assessed for action potential conduction and electrical integration by two-camera optical mapping of GCaMP6-reported Ca2+ transients in the patch and RH237-reported action potentials in the recipient heart. Of the 13 implanted patches, 11 (85%) engrafted, maintained structural integrity, and conducted action potentials with average CVs and Ca2+ transient durations comparable to those before implantation. Despite preserved graft electrical properties, no anterograde or retrograde conduction could be induced between the patch and host cardiomyocytes, indicating lack of electrical integration. Electrical properties of the underlying myocardium were not changed by the engrafted patch. From immunostaining analyses, implanted patches were highly vascularized and expressed abundant electromechanical junctions, but remained separated from the epicardium by a non-myocyte layer. In summary, our studies demonstrate generation of highly functional cardiac tissue patches that can robustly engraft on the epicardial surface, vascularize, and maintain electrical function, but do not couple with host tissue. The lack of graft-host electrical integration is therefore a critical obstacle to development of efficient tissue engineering therapies for heart repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asvin M Ganapathi
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huda Asfour
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ying Qian
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian W Allen
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jafarkhani M, Salehi Z, Kowsari-Esfahan R, Shokrgozar MA, Rezaa Mohammadi M, Rajadas J, Mozafari M. Strategies for directing cells into building functional hearts and parts. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1664-1690. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm01176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the current state-of-the-art, emerging directions and future trends to direct cells for building functional heart parts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Jafarkhani
- School of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Iran
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics
| | - Zeinab Salehi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Iran
| | | | | | - M. Rezaa Mohammadi
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory
- Stanford University School of Medicine
- Palo Alto
- USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory
- Stanford University School of Medicine
- Palo Alto
- USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department
- Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
- Tehran
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Besser RR, Ishahak M, Mayo V, Carbonero D, Claure I, Agarwal A. Engineered Microenvironments for Maturation of Stem Cell Derived Cardiac Myocytes. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:124-140. [PMID: 29290797 PMCID: PMC5743464 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the use of stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes, tissue-engineered human myocardial constructs are poised for modeling normal and diseased physiology of the heart, as well as discovery of novel drugs and therapeutic targets in a human relevant manner. This review highlights the recent bioengineering efforts to recapitulate microenvironmental cues to further the maturation state of newly differentiated cardiac myocytes. These techniques include long-term culture, co-culture, exposure to mechanical stimuli, 3D culture, cell-matrix interactions, and electrical stimulation. Each of these methods has produced various degrees of maturation; however, a standardized measure for cardiomyocyte maturation is not yet widely accepted by the scientific community.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang B, Patnaik SS, Brazile B, Butler JR, Claude A, Zhang G, Guan J, Hong Y, Liao J. Establishing Early Functional Perfusion and Structure in Tissue Engineered Cardiac Constructs. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 43:455-71. [PMID: 27480586 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2016016066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes massive heart muscle death and remains a leading cause of death in the world. Cardiac tissue engineering aims to replace the infarcted tissues with functional engineered heart muscles or revitalize the infarcted heart by delivering cells, bioactive factors, and/or biomaterials. One major challenge of cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration is the establishment of functional perfusion and structure to achieve timely angiogenesis and effective vascularization, which are essential to the survival of thick implants and the integration of repaired tissue with host heart. In this paper, we review four major approaches to promoting angiogenesis and vascularization in cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration: delivery of pro-angiogenic factors/molecules, direct cell implantation/cell sheet grafting, fabrication of prevascularized cardiac constructs, and the use of bioreactors to promote angiogenesis and vascularization. We further provide a detailed review and discussion on the early perfusion design in nature-derived biomaterials, synthetic biodegradable polymers, tissue-derived acellular scaffolds/whole hearts, and hydrogel derived from extracellular matrix. A better understanding of the current approaches and their advantages, limitations, and hurdles could be useful for developing better materials for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Sourav S Patnaik
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - Bryn Brazile
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - J Ryan Butler
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - Andrew Claude
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Ohio
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Biological Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The Rapidly Evolving Concept of Whole Heart Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8920940. [PMID: 29250121 PMCID: PMC5700515 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8920940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole heart engineering represents an incredible journey with as final destination the challenging aim to solve end-stage cardiac failure with a biocompatible and living organ equivalent. Its evolution started in 2008 with rodent organs and is nowadays moving closer to clinical application thanks to scaling-up strategies to human hearts. This review will offer a comprehensive examination on the important stages to be reached for the bioengineering of the whole heart, by describing the approaches of organ decellularization, repopulation, and maturation so far applied and the novel technologies of potential interest. In addition, it will carefully address important demands that still need to be satisfied in order to move to a real clinical translation of the whole bioengineering heart concept.
Collapse
|
39
|
Weinberger F, Mannhardt I, Eschenhagen T. Engineering Cardiac Muscle Tissue: A Maturating Field of Research. Circ Res 2017; 120:1487-1500. [PMID: 28450366 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty years after the initial description of a tissue engineered construct, 3-dimensional human cardiac tissues of different kinds are now generated routinely in many laboratories. Advances in stem cell biology and engineering allow for the generation of constructs that come close to recapitulating the complex structure of heart muscle and might, therefore, be amenable to industrial (eg, drug screening) and clinical (eg, cardiac repair) applications. Whether the more physiological structure of 3-dimensional constructs provides a relevant advantage over standard 2-dimensional cell culture has yet to be shown in head-to-head-comparisons. The present article gives an overview on current strategies of cardiac tissue engineering with a focus on different hydrogel methods and discusses perspectives and challenges for necessary steps toward the real-life application of cardiac tissue engineering for disease modeling, drug development, and cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weinberger
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
A study of extracellular matrix remodeling in aortic heart valves using a novel biaxial stretch bioreactor. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 75:351-358. [PMID: 28783560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In aortic valves, biaxial cyclic stretch is known to modulate cell differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and organization. We designed a novel bioreactor that can apply independent and precise stretch along radial and circumferential directions in a tissue culture environment. While this bioreactor can be used for either native or engineered tissues, this study determined matrix remodeling and strain distribution of aortic cusps after culturing under biaxial stretch for 14 days. The contents of collagen and glycosaminoglycans were determined using standard biochemical assays and compared with fresh controls. Strain fields in static cusps were more uniform than those in stretched cusps, which indicated degradation of the ECM fibers. The glycosaminoglycan content was significantly elevated in the static control as compared to fresh or stretched cusps, but no difference was observed in collagen content among the groups. The strain profile of freshly isolated fibrosa vs. ventricularis and left, right, and noncoronary cusps were also determined by Digital Image Correlation technique. Distinct strain patterns were observed under stretch on fibrosa and ventricularis sides and among the three cusps. This work highlights the critical role of the anisotropic ECM structure for proper functions of native aortic valves and the beneficial effects of biaxial stretch for maintenance of the native ECM structure.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hülsmann J, Aubin H, Wehrmann A, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P. The impact of left ventricular stretching in model cultivations with neonatal cardiomyocytes in a whole-heart bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1107-1117. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Hülsmann
- Medical Faculty, Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Heinrich Heine University; Moorenstr. 5 Duesseldorf North Rhine-Westphalia Germany 40225
| | - Hug Aubin
- Medical Faculty, Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Heinrich Heine University; Moorenstr. 5 Duesseldorf North Rhine-Westphalia Germany 40225
| | - Alexander Wehrmann
- Medical Faculty, Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Heinrich Heine University; Moorenstr. 5 Duesseldorf North Rhine-Westphalia Germany 40225
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Medical Faculty, Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Heinrich Heine University; Moorenstr. 5 Duesseldorf North Rhine-Westphalia Germany 40225
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Medical Faculty, Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Heinrich Heine University; Moorenstr. 5 Duesseldorf North Rhine-Westphalia Germany 40225
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ruan JL, Tulloch NL, Razumova MV, Saiget M, Muskheli V, Pabon L, Reinecke H, Regnier M, Murry CE. Mechanical Stress Conditioning and Electrical Stimulation Promote Contractility and Force Maturation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Cardiac Tissue. Circulation 2016; 134:1557-1567. [PMID: 27737958 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.014998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering enables the generation of functional human cardiac tissue with cells derived in vitro in combination with biocompatible materials. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes provide a cell source for cardiac tissue engineering; however, their immaturity limits their potential applications. Here we sought to study the effect of mechanical conditioning and electric pacing on the maturation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissues. METHODS Cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells were used to generate collagen-based bioengineered human cardiac tissue. Engineered tissue constructs were subjected to different mechanical stress and electric pacing conditions. RESULTS The engineered human myocardium exhibits Frank-Starling-type force-length relationships. After 2 weeks of static stress conditioning, the engineered myocardium demonstrated increases in contractility (0.63±0.10 mN/mm2 vs 0.055±0.009 mN/mm2 for no stress), tensile stiffness, construct alignment, and cell size. Stress conditioning also increased SERCA2 (Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase 2) expression, which correlated with a less negative force-frequency relationship. When electric pacing was combined with static stress conditioning, the tissues showed an additional increase in force production (1.34±0.19 mN/mm2), with no change in construct alignment or cell size, suggesting maturation of excitation-contraction coupling. Supporting this notion, we found expression of RYR2 (Ryanodine Receptor 2) and SERCA2 further increased by combined static stress and electric stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that electric pacing and mechanical stimulation promote maturation of the structural, mechanical, and force generation properties of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Ruan
- From Department of Bioengineering (J.-L.R, M.V.R., M.R., C.E.M.), Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (N.L.T.), Department of Pathology (N.L.T., M.R., V.M., L.P., H.R., C.E.M.), and Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.M.), Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nathaniel L Tulloch
- From Department of Bioengineering (J.-L.R, M.V.R., M.R., C.E.M.), Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (N.L.T.), Department of Pathology (N.L.T., M.R., V.M., L.P., H.R., C.E.M.), and Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.M.), Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Maria V Razumova
- From Department of Bioengineering (J.-L.R, M.V.R., M.R., C.E.M.), Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (N.L.T.), Department of Pathology (N.L.T., M.R., V.M., L.P., H.R., C.E.M.), and Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.M.), Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mark Saiget
- From Department of Bioengineering (J.-L.R, M.V.R., M.R., C.E.M.), Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (N.L.T.), Department of Pathology (N.L.T., M.R., V.M., L.P., H.R., C.E.M.), and Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.M.), Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Veronica Muskheli
- From Department of Bioengineering (J.-L.R, M.V.R., M.R., C.E.M.), Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (N.L.T.), Department of Pathology (N.L.T., M.R., V.M., L.P., H.R., C.E.M.), and Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.M.), Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lil Pabon
- From Department of Bioengineering (J.-L.R, M.V.R., M.R., C.E.M.), Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (N.L.T.), Department of Pathology (N.L.T., M.R., V.M., L.P., H.R., C.E.M.), and Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.M.), Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Hans Reinecke
- From Department of Bioengineering (J.-L.R, M.V.R., M.R., C.E.M.), Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (N.L.T.), Department of Pathology (N.L.T., M.R., V.M., L.P., H.R., C.E.M.), and Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.M.), Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Michael Regnier
- From Department of Bioengineering (J.-L.R, M.V.R., M.R., C.E.M.), Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (N.L.T.), Department of Pathology (N.L.T., M.R., V.M., L.P., H.R., C.E.M.), and Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.M.), Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
| | - Charles E Murry
- From Department of Bioengineering (J.-L.R, M.V.R., M.R., C.E.M.), Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (N.L.T.), Department of Pathology (N.L.T., M.R., V.M., L.P., H.R., C.E.M.), and Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.M.), Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Llucià‐Valldeperas A, Soler‐Botija C, Gálvez‐Montón C, Roura S, Prat‐Vidal C, Perea‐Gil I, Sanchez B, Bragos R, Vunjak‐Novakovic G, Bayes‐Genis A. Electromechanical Conditioning of Adult Progenitor Cells Improves Recovery of Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:970-981. [PMID: 28297585 PMCID: PMC5442794 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac cells are subjected to mechanical and electrical forces, which regulate gene expression and cellular function. Therefore, in vitro electromechanical stimuli could benefit further integration of therapeutic cells into the myocardium. Our goals were (a) to study the viability of a tissue-engineered construct with cardiac adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells (cardiac ATDPCs) and (b) to examine the effect of electromechanically stimulated cardiac ATDPCs within a myocardial infarction (MI) model in mice for the first time. Cardiac ATDPCs were electromechanically stimulated at 2-millisecond pulses of 50 mV/cm at 1 Hz and 10% stretching during 7 days. The cells were harvested, labeled, embedded in a fibrin hydrogel, and implanted over the infarcted area of the murine heart. A total of 39 animals were randomly distributed and sacrificed at 21 days: groups of grafts without cells and with stimulated or nonstimulated cells. Echocardiography and gene and protein analyses were also carried out. Physiologically stimulated ATDPCs showed increased expression of cardiac transcription factors, structural genes, and calcium handling genes. At 21 days after implantation, cardiac function (measured as left ventricle ejection fraction between presacrifice and post-MI) increased up to 12% in stimulated grafts relative to nontreated animals. Vascularization and integration with the host blood supply of grafts with stimulated cells resulted in increased vessel density in the infarct border region. Trained cells within the implanted fibrin patch expressed main cardiac markers and migrated into the underlying ischemic myocardium. To conclude, synchronous electromechanical cell conditioning before delivery may be a preferred alternative when considering strategies for heart repair after myocardial infarction. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:970-981.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Llucià‐Valldeperas
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration Research Programme, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carolina Soler‐Botija
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration Research Programme, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez‐Montón
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration Research Programme, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Santiago Roura
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration Research Programme, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat‐Vidal
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration Research Programme, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Isaac Perea‐Gil
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration Research Programme, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Sanchez
- Electronic and Biomedical Instrumentation Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramon Bragos
- Electronic and Biomedical Instrumentation Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gordana Vunjak‐Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antoni Bayes‐Genis
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration Research Programme, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lei Y, Ferdous Z. Design considerations and challenges for mechanical stretch bioreactors in tissue engineering. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:543-53. [PMID: 26929197 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in average life expectancy and growing aging population, lack of functional grafts for replacement surgeries has become a severe problem. Engineered tissues are a promising alternative to this problem because they can mimic the physiological function of the native tissues and be cultured on demand. Cyclic stretch is important for developing many engineered tissues such as hearts, heart valves, muscles, and bones. Thus a variety of stretch bioreactors and corresponding scaffolds have been designed and tested to study the underlying mechanism of tissue formation and to optimize the mechanical conditions applied to the engineered tissues. In this review, we look at various designs of stretch bioreactors and common scaffolds and offer insights for future improvements in tissue engineering applications. First, we summarize the requirements and common configuration of stretch bioreactors. Next, we present the features of different actuating and motion transforming systems and their applications. Since most bioreactors must measure detailed distributions of loads and deformations on engineered tissues, techniques with high accuracy, precision, and frequency have been developed. We also cover the key points in designing culture chambers, nutrition exchanging systems, and regimens used for specific tissues. Since scaffolds are essential for providing biophysical microenvironments for residing cells, we discuss materials and technologies used in fabricating scaffolds to mimic anisotropic native tissues, including decellularized tissues, hydrogels, biocompatible polymers, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting techniques. Finally, we present the potential future directions for improving stretch bioreactors and scaffolds. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:543-553, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lei
- Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - Zannatul Ferdous
- Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Akhyari P. Kardiovaskuläres Tissue-Engineering. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-015-0035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
46
|
Ma SP, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Tissue-Engineering for the Study of Cardiac Biomechanics. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:021010. [PMID: 26720588 PMCID: PMC4845250 DOI: 10.1115/1.4032355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The notion that both adaptive and maladaptive cardiac remodeling occurs in response to mechanical loading has informed recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering. Today, human cardiac tissues engineered in vitro offer complementary knowledge to that currently provided by animal models, with profound implications to personalized medicine. We review here recent advances in the understanding of the roles of mechanical signals in normal and pathological cardiac function, and their application in clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies to regenerative medicine and in vitro study of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Columbia University,
622 West 168th Street,
VC12-234,
New York, NY 10032
e-mail:
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Department of Medicine,
Columbia University,
622 West 168th Street,
VC12-234,
New York, NY 10032
e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Maturing human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in human engineered cardiac tissues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:110-34. [PMID: 25956564 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Engineering functional human cardiac tissue that mimics the native adult morphological and functional phenotype has been a long held objective. In the last 5 years, the field of cardiac tissue engineering has transitioned from cardiac tissues derived from various animal species to the production of the first generation of human engineered cardiac tissues (hECTs), due to recent advances in human stem cell biology. Despite this progress, the hECTs generated to date remain immature relative to the native adult myocardium. In this review, we focus on the maturation challenge in the context of hECTs, the present state of the art, and future perspectives in terms of regenerative medicine, drug discovery, preclinical safety testing and pathophysiological studies.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hülsmann J, Aubin H, Wehrmann A, Jenke A, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P. Whole-Heart Construct Cultivation Under 3D Mechanical Stimulation of the Left Ventricle. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1502:181-194. [PMID: 26867544 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2015_317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Today the concept of Whole-Heart Tissue Engineering represents one of the most promising approaches to the challenge of synthesizing functional myocardial tissue. At the current state of scientific and technological knowledge it is a principal task to transfer findings of several existing and widely investigated models to the process of whole-organ tissue engineering. Hereby, we present the first bioreactor system that allows the integrated 3D biomechanical stimulation of a whole-heart construct while allowing for simultaneous controlled perfusion of the coronary system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Hülsmann
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Hug Aubin
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Wehrmann
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Jenke
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lux M, Andrée B, Horvath T, Nosko A, Manikowski D, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Haverich A, Hilfiker A. In vitro maturation of large-scale cardiac patches based on a perfusable starter matrix by cyclic mechanical stimulation. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:177-187. [PMID: 26546973 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of tissue engineering is the generation of implants similar to native tissue. Thus, it is essential to utilize physiological stimuli to improve the quality of engineered constructs. Numerous publications reported that mechanical stimulation of small-sized, non-perfusable, tissue engineered cardiac constructs leads to a maturation of immature cardiomyocytes like neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or induced pluripotent stem cells/embryonic stem cells derived self-contracting cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of mechanical stimulation and perfusion on the maturation process of large-scale (2.5×4.5cm), implantable cardiac patches based on decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) or Biological Vascularized Matrix (BioVaM) and a 3-dimensional construct containing neonatal rat heart cells. Application of cyclic mechanical stretch improved contractile function, cardiomyocyte alignment along the stretch axis and gene expression of cardiomyocyte markers. The development of a complex network formed by endothelial cells within the cardiac construct was enhanced by cyclic stretch. Finally, the utilization of BioVaM enabled the perfusion of the matrix during stimulation, augmenting the beneficial influence of cyclic stretch. Thus, this study demonstrates the maturation of cardiac constructs with clinically relevant dimensions by the application of cyclic mechanical stretch and perfusion of the starter matrix. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Considering the poor endogenous regeneration of the heart, engineering of bioartificial cardiac tissue for the replacement of infarcted myocardium is an exciting strategy. Most techniques for the generation of cardiac tissue result in relative small-sized constructs insufficient for clinical applications. Another issue is to achieve cardiomyocytes and tissue maturation in culture. Here we report, for the first time, the effect of mechanical stimulation and simultaneous perfusion on the maturation of cardiac constructs of clinical relevant dimensions, which are based on a perfusable starter matrix derived from porcine small intestine. In response to these stimuli superior organization of cardiomyocytes and vascular networks was observed in contrast to untreated controls. The study provides substantial progress towards the generation of implantable cardiac patches.
Collapse
|
50
|
Shradhanjali A, Riehl BD, Kwon IK, Lim JY. Cardiomyocyte stretching for regenerative medicine and hypertrophy study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|