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Nordberg RC, Donahue RP, Espinosa MG, Salinas EY, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. A cell bank paradigm for preclinical evaluation of an analogous cellular product for an allogeneic cell therapy. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035024. [PMID: 38768586 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad4de2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Toward the translation of allogeneic cell therapy products, cell banks are needed not only to manufacture the final human product but also during the preclinical evaluation of an animal-based analogous cellular product (ACP). These cell banks need to be established at both the master cell bank (MCB) level and the working cell bank (WCB) level. Inasmuch as most of the development of cell therapy products is at academic centers, it is imperative that academic researchers understand how to establish MCBs and WCBs within an academic environment. To illustrate this process, using articular cartilage as the model, a cell bank for an ACP was developed (MCBs at passage 2, WCBs at passage 5) to produce self-assembled neocartilage for preclinical evaluation (constructs at passage 7). The cell bank system is estimated to be able to produce between 160 000 and 400 000 constructs for each of the six MCBs. Overall, the ACP cell bank yielded constructs that are analogous to the intended human product, which is critical toward conducting preclinical evaluations of the ACP for inclusion in an Investigational New Drug application to the FDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Nordberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3131 Engineering Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
| | - Ryan P Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3131 Engineering Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
| | - M Gabriela Espinosa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3131 Engineering Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
- Concordia University Irvine, 1530 Concordia West, Irvine, CA 92612, United States of America
| | - Evelia Y Salinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3131 Engineering Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3131 Engineering Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3131 Engineering Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
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2
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Sattar MA, Lingens LF, Guillaume VGJ, Goetzl R, Beier JP, Ruhl T. Association between Donor Age and Osteogenic Potential of Human Adipose Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1424-1436. [PMID: 38392210 PMCID: PMC10887920 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have multilineage differentiation capacity and hold great potential for regenerative medicine. Compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs), ASCs are easier to isolate from abundant sources with significantly higher yields. It is generally accepted that bmMSCs show age-related changes in their proliferation and differentiation potentials, whereas this aspect is still controversial in the case of ASCs. In this review, we evaluated the existing data on the effect of donor age on the osteogenic potential of human ASCs. Overall, a poor agreement has been achieved because of inconsistent findings in the previous studies. Finally, we attempted to delineate the possible reasons behind the lack of agreements reported in the literature. ASCs represent a heterogeneous cell population, and the osteogenic potential of ASCs can be influenced by donor-related factors such as age, but also gender, lifestyle, and the underlying health and metabolic state of donors. Furthermore, future studies should consider experimental factors in in vitro conditions, including passaging, cryopreservation, culture conditions, variations in differentiation protocols, and readout methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Sattar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara F Lingens
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vincent G J Guillaume
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Goetzl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Ryu DJ, Jeon YS, Park JS, Bae GC, Kim JS, Kim MK. Comparison of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate and Allogenic Human Umbilical Cord Blood Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Implantation on Chondral Defect of Knee: Assessment of Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomes at 2-Year Follow-Up. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720943581. [PMID: 32713192 PMCID: PMC7563925 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720943581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological repair of cartilage lesions remains a significant clinical challenge. A wide variety of methods involving mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been introduced. Because of the limitation of the results, most of the treatment methods have not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) implantation were approved by Korea FDA. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes after two different types of MSCs implantation in knee osteoarthritis. Fifty-two patients (52 knees) who underwent cartilage repair surgery using the BMAC (25 knees) and hUCB-MSCs (27 knees) were retrospectively evaluated for 2 years after surgery. Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the score of visual analogue scale (VAS), the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Cartilage repair was assessed according to the modified Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (M-MOCART) score and the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) cartilage repair scoring system. At 2-year follow-up, clinical outcomes including VAS, IKDC, and KOOS significantly improved (P < 0.05) in both groups; however, there were no differences between two groups. There was no significant difference in M-MOCART [1-year (P = 0.261), 2-year (P = 0.351)] and ICRS repair score (P = 0.655) between two groups. Both groups showed satisfactory clinical and MRI outcomes. Implantation of MSCs from BMAC or hUCB-MSCs is safe and effective for repairing cartilage lesion. However, large cases and a well-controlled prospective design with long-term follow-up studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Ryu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoon Sang Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Gi Cheol Bae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Myung Ku Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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4
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Nordberg RC, Huebner P, Schuchard KG, Mellor LF, Shirwaiker RA, Loboa EG, Spang JT. The evaluation of a multiphasic 3D-bioplotted scaffold seeded with adipose derived stem cells to repair osteochondral defects in a porcine model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:2246-2258. [PMID: 34114736 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for the development of effective treatments for focal articular cartilage injuries. We previously developed a multiphasic 3D-bioplotted osteochondral scaffold design that can drive site-specific tissue formation when seeded with adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). The objective of this study was to evaluate this scaffold in a large animal model. Osteochondral defects were generated in the trochlear groove of Yucatan minipigs and repaired with scaffolds that either contained or lacked an electrospun tidemark and were either unseeded or seeded with ASC. Implants were monitored via computed tomography (CT) over the course of 4 months of in vivo implantation and compared to both open lesions and autologous explants. ICRS II evaluation indicated that defects with ASC-seeded scaffolds had healing that most closely resembled the aulogous explant. Scaffold-facilitated subchondral bone repair mimicked the structure of native bone tissue, but cartilage matrix staining was not apparent within the scaffold. The open lesions had the highest volumetric infill detected using CT analysis (p < 0.05), but the repair tissue was largely disorganized. The acellular scaffold without a tidemark had significantly more volumetric filling than either the acellular or ASC seeded groups containing a tidemark (p < 0.05), suggesting that the tidemark limited cell infiltration into the cartilage portion of the scaffold. Overall, scaffold groups repaired the defect more successfully than an open lesion but achieved limited repair in the cartilage region. With further optimization, this approach holds potential to treat focal cartilage lesions in a highly personalized manner using a human patient's own ASC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Nordberg
- College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pedro Huebner
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Karl G Schuchard
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liliana F Mellor
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rohan A Shirwaiker
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Office of the Provost, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffery T Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Ceccarelli S, Pontecorvi P, Anastasiadou E, Napoli C, Marchese C. Immunomodulatory Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: The Cutting Edge of Clinical Application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:236. [PMID: 32363193 PMCID: PMC7180192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising tool for soft tissue engineering as well as for clinical treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. The well-characterized multi-differentiation potential and self-renewal properties of ASCs are coupled with their immunomodulatory ability in providing therapeutic efficacy. Yet, their impact in immune or inflammatory disorders might rely both on cell contact-dependent mechanisms and paracrine effects, resulting in the release of various soluble factors that regulate immune cells functions. Despite the widespread use of ASCs in clinical trials addressing several pathologies, the pathophysiological mechanisms at the basis of their clinical use have been not yet fully investigated. In particular, a thorough analysis of ASC immunomodulatory potential is mandatory. Here we explore such molecular mechanisms involved in ASC immunomodulatory properties, emphasizing the relevance of the milieu composition. We review the potential clinical use of ASC secretome as a mediator for immunomodulation, with a focus on in vitro and in vivo environmental conditions affecting clinical outcome. We describe some potential strategies for optimization of ASCs immunomodulatory capacity in clinical settings, which act either on adult stem cells gene expression and local microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the limitations of both allogeneic and autologous ASC use, highlighting the issues to be fixed in order to significantly improve the efficacy of ASC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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6
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Mellor LF, Nordberg RC, Huebner P, Mohiti-Asli M, Taylor MA, Efird W, Oxford JT, Spang JT, Shirwaiker RA, Loboa EG. Investigation of multiphasic 3D-bioplotted scaffolds for site-specific chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells for osteochondral tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:2017-2030. [PMID: 31880408 PMCID: PMC7217039 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that limits mobility of the affected joint due to the degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. The limited regenerative capacity of cartilage presents significant challenges when attempting to repair or reverse the effects of cartilage degradation. Tissue engineered medical products are a promising alternative to treat osteochondral degeneration due to their potential to integrate into the patient's existing tissue. The goal of this study was to create a scaffold that would induce site-specific osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) to generate a full osteochondral implant. Scaffolds were fabricated using 3D-bioplotting of biodegradable polycraprolactone (PCL) with either β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) or decellularized bovine cartilage extracellular matrix (dECM) to drive site-specific hASC osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, respectively. PCL-dECM scaffolds demonstrated elevated matrix deposition and organization in scaffolds seeded with hASC as well as a reduction in collagen I gene expression. 3D-bioplotted PCL scaffolds with 20% TCP demonstrated elevated calcium deposition, endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteopontin gene expression. Osteochondral scaffolds comprised of hASC-seeded 3D-bioplotted PCL-TCP, electrospun PCL, and 3D-bioplotted PCL-dECM phases were evaluated and demonstrated site-specific osteochondral tissue characteristics. This technique holds great promise as cartilage morbidity is minimized since autologous cartilage harvest is not required, tissue rejection is minimized via use of an abundant and accessible source of autologous stem cells, and biofabrication techniques allow for a precise, customizable methodology to rapidly produce the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana F Mellor
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Rachel C Nordberg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Pedro Huebner
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Mahsa Mohiti-Asli
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael A Taylor
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - William Efird
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Julia T Oxford
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho
| | - Jeffrey T Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rohan A Shirwaiker
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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7
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Kawagishi-Hotta M, Hasegawa S, Igarashi T, Date Y, Ishii Y, Inoue Y, Hasebe Y, Yamada T, Arima M, Iwata Y, Kobayashi T, Nakata S, Sugiura K, Akamatsu H. Increase of gremlin 2 with age in human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells and its inhibitory effect on adipogenesis. Regen Ther 2019; 11:324-330. [PMID: 31709279 PMCID: PMC6831850 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have attracted attention as a promising material for regenerative medicine. Previously, we reported an age-related decrease in the adipogenic potential of ASCs from human subjects and found that the individual difference in this potential increased with age, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, other groups demonstrated that a secreted antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, Gremlin 2 (GREM2), inhibits the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts and the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cell. Here, we examined the effects of GREM2 on the differentiation of ASCs into adipocytes. Methods To examine changes in GREM2 expression levels with age, immunohistochemistry was performed on subcutaneous adipose tissues from subjects 12–97 years of age. Next, GREM2 gene expression levels in ASCs collected from subjects 5–90 years of age were examined by RT-PCR, and the change with age and correlation between the expression level and the adipogenic potential of ASCs were analyzed. In addition, to assess whether GREM2 affects adipogenesis, ASCs (purchased from a vendor) were cultured to induce adipogenesis with recombinant GREM2 protein, and siRNA-induced GREM2 knockdown experiment was also performed using aged ASCs. Results In adipose tissues, GREM2 expression was observed in cells, including ASCs, but not in mature adipocytes, and the expression level per cell increased with age. GREM2 expression levels in ASCs cultured in vitro also increased with age, and the individual differences in the level increased with age. Of note, partial correlation analysis controlled for age revealed that the adipogenic potential of ASCs and the GREM2 gene expression level were negatively correlated. Furthermore, based on a GREM2 addition experiment, GREM2 has inhibitory effects on the adipogenesis of ASCs through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. On the other hand, GREM2 knockdown in aged ASCs promoted adipogenesis. Conclusions The GREM2 expression level was confirmed to play a role in the age-related decrease in adipogenic potential observed in ASCs isolated from adipose tissues as well as in the enhancement of the individual difference, which increased with age. GREM2 in adipose tissues increased with age, which suggested that GREM2 functions as an inhibitory factor of adipogenesis in ASCs. GREM2 in human adipose tissues increase with age. GREM2 expression in adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) increased with age. In ASCs, adipogenic potential and GREM2 expression showed a negative correlation. Recombinant GREM2 inhibited the adipogenesis of ASCs. GREM2 knockdown in aged ASCs restored adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Kawagishi-Hotta
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshio Igarashi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Yasushi Date
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshie Ishii
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasebe
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan.,Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaru Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsukane Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakata
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
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8
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Kiiskinen J, Merivaara A, Hakkarainen T, Kääriäinen M, Miettinen S, Yliperttula M, Koivuniemi R. Nanofibrillar cellulose wound dressing supports the growth and characteristics of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells without cell adhesion coatings. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:292. [PMID: 31547864 PMCID: PMC6757411 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the field of regenerative medicine, delivery of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hASCs) has shown great promise to promote wound healing. However, a hostile environment of the injured tissue has shown considerably to limit the survival rate of the transplanted cells, and thus, to improve the cell survival and retention towards successful cell transplantation, an optimal cell scaffold is required. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of wood-derived nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) wound dressing as a cell scaffold material for hASCs in order to develop a cell transplantation method free from animal-derived components for wound treatment. METHODS Patient-derived hASCs were cultured on NFC wound dressing without cell adhesion coatings. Cell characteristics, including cell viability, morphology, cytoskeletal structure, proliferation potency, and mesenchymal cell and differentiation marker expression, were analyzed using cell viability assays, electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative or reverse transcriptase PCR. Student's t test and one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc test were used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS hASCs were able to adhere to NFC dressing and maintained high cell survival without cell adhesion coatings with a cell density-dependent manner for the studied period of 2 weeks. In addition, NFC dressing did not induce any remarkable cytotoxicity towards hASCs or alter the morphology, proliferation potency, filamentous actin structure, the expression of mesenchymal vimentin and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins collagen I and fibronectin, or the undifferentiated state of hASCs. CONCLUSIONS As a result, NFC wound dressing offers a functional cell culture platform for hASCs to be used further for in vivo wound healing studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmi Kiiskinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Merivaara
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Hakkarainen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Kääriäinen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raili Koivuniemi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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9
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Bodle J, Hamouda MS, Cai S, Williams RB, Bernacki SH, Loboa EG. Primary Cilia Exhibit Mechanosensitivity to Cyclic Tensile Strain and Lineage-Dependent Expression in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8009. [PMID: 31142808 PMCID: PMC6541635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-motile primary cilia are dynamic cellular sensory structures and are expressed in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). We have previously shown that primary cilia are involved in chemically-induced osteogenic differentiation of human ASC (hASCs) in vitro. Further, we have reported that 10% cyclic tensile strain (1 Hz, 4 hours/day) enhances hASC osteogenesis. We hypothesize that primary cilia respond to cyclic tensile strain in a lineage dependent manner and that their mechanosensitivity may regulate the dynamics of signaling pathways localized to the cilium. We found that hASC morphology, cilia length and cilia conformation varied in response to culture in complete growth, osteogenic differentiation, or adipogenic differentiation medium, with the longest cilia expressed in adipogenically differentiating cells. Further, we show that cyclic tensile strain both enhances osteogenic differentiation of hASCs while it suppresses adipogenic differentiation as evidenced by upregulation of RUNX2 gene expression and downregulation of PPARG and IGF-1, respectively. This study demonstrates that hASC primary cilia exhibit mechanosensitivity to cyclic tensile strain and lineage-dependent expression, which may in part regulate signaling pathways localized to the primary cilium during the differentiation process. We highlight the importance of the primary cilium structure in mechanosensing and lineage specification and surmise that this structure may be a novel target in manipulating hASC for in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Bodle
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA.
| | - Mehdi S Hamouda
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Shaobo Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Ramey B Williams
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Susan H Bernacki
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA.
- College of Engineering at University of Missouri, W1051 Thomas & Nell Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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10
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Nordberg RC, Wang H, Wu Q, Loboa EG. Corin is a key regulator of endochondral ossification and bone development via modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2277-2286. [PMID: 30352487 DOI: 10.1002/term.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Corin has been studied extensively within the vascular system and is known to regulate blood pressure. We have shown that corin is one of the most highly upregulated genes during osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). This study tested the hypothesis that, through modulation of angiogenic signalling pathways, corin is a critical regulator of osteogenic differentiation and endochondral ossification. In vitro, corin expression in hASC was suppressed via siRNA knockdown and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression was quantified via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo, a murine corin knockout model (female, 10 weeks) was used to determine the effect of corin deficiency on long bone development. Wild-type and corin knockout long bones were compared via haematoxylin and eosin staining to assess tissue characteristics and cellular organization, three-point bending to assess mechanical characteristics, and immunohistochemistry to visualize VEGF-A expression patterns. Corin knockdown significantly (p < 0.05) increased VEGF-A mRNA expression during osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, corin knockout reduced tibial growth plate thickness (p < 0.01) and severely diminished the hypertrophic region. Corin knockout femurs had significantly increased stiffness (p < 0.01) and maximum loads (p < 0.01) but reduced postyield deflections (p < 0.01). In corin knockout mice, VEGF-A expression was increased near the growth plate but was reduced throughout the tibial shaft and distal head of the tibiae. This is the first study to show that corin is a key regulator of bone development by modulation of VEGF-A expression. Further elucidation of this mechanism will aid in the development of optimized bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Nordberg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Hao Wang
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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11
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Kang JS, Suh YJ, Moon KH, Park JS, Roh TH, Park MH, Ryu DJ. Clinical efficiency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell implantation for osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a matched pair control study with simple core decompression. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:274. [PMID: 30359323 PMCID: PMC6202854 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, several trials have reported the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) implantation for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, the clinical outcomes have not been conclusive. This study compared the clinical and radiological results of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) implantation with traditional simple core decompression (CD) using a matched pair case–control design. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with ONFH (106 hips) who had been treated by CD alone (50 patients, 53 hips) and CD + BMMSC implantation (50 patients, 53 hips) between February 2004 and October 2014. We assessed the total hip replacement arthroplasty (THA) conversion rate and ARCO (Association Research Circulation Osseous) stage progression. Survivor rate analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and an additional THA was defined as the primary endpoints. Results The mean follow-up period was 4.28 years. There was a difference in the THA conversion rate between the CD (49%) and CD + BMMSC groups (28.3%) (p = 0.028). ARCO stage progression was noted in 20 of 53 hips (37.7%) in the CD group and 19 of 53 hips (35.8%) in the CD + BMMSC group. Among collapsed cases (ARCO stages III and IV), there was no difference in clinical failure rate between the two groups. Conversely, in the pre-collapse cases (ARCO stages I and II), only 6 of 30 hips (20%) progressed to clinical failure in the CD + BMMSC group, whereas 15 of 30 hips (50%) progressed to clinical failure in the CD group (p = 0.014). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference in the time to failure between the two groups up to 10-year follow-up (log-rank test p = 0.031). There was no significant difference in terms of age (p = 0.87) and gender (p = 0.51) when comparing THA conversion rates between groups. No complication was noted. Conclusions These results suggest that implantation of MSCs into the femoral head at an early stage of ONFH lowers the THA conversion rate. However, ARCO stage progression is not affected by this treatment. Trial registration Retrospectively registered
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Soon Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 7-206, 3rd Street Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 400-103, South Korea
| | - Young Ju Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 7-206, 3rd Street Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 400-103, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 7-206, 3rd Street Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 400-103, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Roh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 7-206, 3rd Street Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 400-103, South Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 7-206, 3rd Street Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 400-103, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Ryu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 7-206, 3rd Street Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 400-103, South Korea.
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12
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Cai S, Pourdeyhimi B, Loboa EG. Industrial‐scale fabrication of an osteogenic and antibacterial PLA/silver‐loaded calcium phosphate composite with significantly reduced cytotoxicity. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:900-910. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| | - Behnam Pourdeyhimi
- The Nonwovens Institute at North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| | - Elizabeth G. Loboa
- College of Engineering at University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211
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13
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Huynh NPT, Brunger JM, Gloss CC, Moutos FT, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Differential Matrix Deposition on 3D Woven Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1531-1544. [PMID: 29756533 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches for the repair of osteochondral defects using biomaterial scaffolds and stem cells have remained challenging due to the inherent complexities of inducing cartilage-like matrix and bone-like matrix within the same local environment. Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family have been extensively utilized in the engineering of skeletal tissues, but have distinct effects on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. The goal of this study was to develop a method to direct human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to deposit either mineralized matrix or a cartilaginous matrix rich in glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen within the same biochemical environment. This differential induction was performed by culturing cells on engineered three-dimensionally woven poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds in a chondrogenic environment for cartilage-like matrix production while inhibiting TGFβ3 signaling through Mothers against DPP homolog 3 (SMAD3) knockdown, in combination with overexpressing RUNX2, to achieve mineralization. The highest levels of mineral deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed on scaffolds with genetically engineered MSCs and exhibited a synergistic effect in response to SMAD3 knockdown and RUNX2 expression. Meanwhile, unmodified MSCs on PCL scaffolds exhibited accumulation of an extracellular matrix rich in glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen in the same biochemical environment. This ability to derive differential matrix deposition in a single culture condition opens new avenues for developing complex tissue replacements for chondral or osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen P T Huynh
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,3 Department of Cell Biology, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Catherine C Gloss
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Charles A Gersbach
- 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Farshid Guilak
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,5 Cytex Therapeutics, Inc. , Durham, North Carolina
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14
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Elashry MI, Baulig N, Heimann M, Bernhardt C, Wenisch S, Arnhold S. Osteogenic differentiation of equine adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells using CaCl 2. Res Vet Sci 2018; 117:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Critchley SE, Eswaramoorthy R, Kelly DJ. Low‐oxygen conditions promote synergistic increases in chondrogenesis during co‐culture of human osteoarthritic stem cells and chondrocytes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1074-1084. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Critchley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of EngineeringTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of AnatomyRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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16
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Nordberg RC, Bodle JC, Loboa EG. Mechanical Stimulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Functional Tissue Engineering of the Musculoskeletal System via Cyclic Hydrostatic Pressure, Simulated Microgravity, and Cyclic Tensile Strain. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1773:215-230. [PMID: 29687393 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7799-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is critical that human adipose stem cell (hASC) tissue-engineering therapies possess appropriate mechanical properties in order to restore function of the load bearing tissues of the musculoskeletal system. In an effort to elucidate the hASC response to mechanical stimulation and develop mechanically robust tissue engineered constructs, recent research has utilized a variety of mechanical loading paradigms including cyclic tensile strain, cyclic hydrostatic pressure, and mechanical unloading in simulated microgravity. This chapter describes methods for applying these mechanical stimuli to hASC to direct differentiation for functional tissue engineering of the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Nordberg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Josie C Bodle
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- College of Engineering, University of Missouri, W1024 Thomas & Nell Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO, USA.
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17
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Vertès AA. Methods and practices to diversify cell-based products. Regen Med 2017; 12:997-1013. [PMID: 29243940 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal signaling cell (MSC)-based products represent emerging treatments in various therapeutic areas including cardiometabolic, inflammation, autoimmunity, orthopedics, wound healing and oncology. Exploring innovation beyond minimally manipulated plastic-adherent ex vivo expanded allogeneic MSCs enables product delineation. Product delineation is on the critical path to maximize clinical benefits and market access. An innovation framework is presented here along various innovation dimensions comprising composition-of-matter by means of positive cell surface markers, formulation varying for example the cell dose or the preservation mode and medium, manufacturing to adapt the secretome of MSCs to the condition of interest, the mode of delivery and corresponding delivery devices, as well as molecular engineering and biomarkers. The rationale of the innovation space thus described applies generally to all cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain A Vertès
- London Business School, UK & NxR Biotechnologies GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
Solid tumor growth and metastasis require the interaction of tumor cells with the surrounding tissue, leading to a view of tumors as tissue-level phenomena rather than exclusively cell-intrinsic anomalies. Due to the ubiquitous nature of adipose tissue, many types of solid tumors grow in proximate or direct contact with adipocytes and adipose-associated stromal and vascular components, such as fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells, stem and progenitor cells, endothelial cells, innate and adaptive immune cells, and extracellular signaling and matrix components. Excess adiposity in obesity both increases risk of cancer development and negatively influences prognosis in several cancer types, in part due to interaction with adipose tissue cell populations. Herein, we review the cellular and noncellular constituents of the adipose "organ," and discuss the mechanisms by which these varied microenvironmental components contribute to tumor development, with special emphasis on obesity. Due to the prevalence of breast and prostate cancers in the United States, their close anatomical proximity to adipose tissue depots, and their complex epidemiologic associations with obesity, we particularly highlight research addressing the contribution of adipose tissue to the initiation and progression of these cancer types. Obesity dramatically modifies the adipose tissue microenvironment in numerous ways, including induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis, increased stem cell abundance, and expansion of proinflammatory immune cells. As many of these changes also resemble shifts observed within the tumor microenvironment, proximity to adipose tissue may present a hospitable environment to developing tumors, providing a critical link between adiposity and tumorigenesis. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:237-282, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley M. Fuller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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19
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Zhou H, Zhu J, Liu M, Wu Q, Dong N. Role of the protease corin in chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:973-982. [PMID: 28714548 DOI: 10.1002/term.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potency to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes. Corin is a cardiac protease that activates the natriuretic peptides, thereby regulating blood volume and pressure. In addition to the heart, corin gene upregulation was reported in bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs that underwent osteogenic differentiation. To date, the biological significance of corin expression in MSC differentiation remains unknown. In this study we isolated and cultured human bone marrow-derived MSCs that were capable of undergoing chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineage differentiation. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining, we found that corin expression was upregulated when these MSCs underwent chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The upregulation of corin expression was most significant in the cells undergoing chondrogenic lineage differentiation. Silencing corin gene expression by small hairpin RNA in the MSCs inhibited chondrogenic, but not osteogenic and adipogenic, differentiation. These results suggest a novel function of corin in MSC differentiation and chondrocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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20
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Brini AT, Amodeo G, Ferreira LM, Milani A, Niada S, Moschetti G, Franchi S, Borsani E, Rodella LF, Panerai AE, Sacerdote P. Therapeutic effect of human adipose-derived stem cells and their secretome in experimental diabetic pain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9904. [PMID: 28851944 PMCID: PMC5575274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Painful neuropathy is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus that adversely affects patients'quality of life. Pharmacological treatments are not fully satisfactory, and novel approaches needed. In a preclinical mouse model of diabetes the effect of both human mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue (hASC) and their conditioned medium (hASC-CM) was evaluated. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. After neuropathic hypersensitivity was established, mice were intravenously injected with either 1 × 106 hASC or with CM derived from 2 × 106 hASC. Both hASC and CM (secretome) reversed mechanical, thermal allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, with a rapid and long lasting effect, maintained up to 12 weeks after treatments. In nerves, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of neuropathic mice we determined high IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and low IL-10 levels. Both treatments restored a correct pro/antinflammatory cytokine balance and prevented skin innervation loss. In spleens of streptozotocin-mice, both hASC and hASC-CM re-established Th1/Th2 balance that was shifted to Th1 during diabetes. Blood glucose levels were unaffected although diabetic animals regained weight, and kidney morphology was recovered by treatments. Our data show that hASC and hASC-CM treatments may be promising approaches for diabetic neuropathic pain, and suggest that cell effect is likely mediated by their secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna T Brini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Amodeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena M Ferreira
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Milani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Niada
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Moschetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borsani
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto E Panerai
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Sacerdote
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Mellor LF, Huebner P, Cai S, Mohiti-Asli M, Taylor MA, Spang J, Shirwaiker RA, Loboa EG. Fabrication and Evaluation of Electrospun, 3D-Bioplotted, and Combination of Electrospun/3D-Bioplotted Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6956794. [PMID: 28536700 PMCID: PMC5425832 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6956794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun scaffolds provide a dense framework of nanofibers with pore sizes and fiber diameters that closely resemble the architecture of native extracellular matrix. However, it generates limited three-dimensional structures of relevant physiological thicknesses. 3D printing allows digitally controlled fabrication of three-dimensional single/multimaterial constructs with precisely ordered fiber and pore architecture in a single build. However, this approach generally lacks the ability to achieve submicron resolution features to mimic native tissue. The goal of this study was to fabricate and evaluate 3D printed, electrospun, and combination of 3D printed/electrospun scaffolds to mimic the native architecture of heterogeneous tissue. We assessed their ability to support viability and proliferation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASC). Cells had increased proliferation and high viability over 21 days on all scaffolds. We further tested implantation of stacked-electrospun scaffold versus combined electrospun/3D scaffold on a cadaveric pig knee model and found that stacked-electrospun scaffold easily delaminated during implantation while the combined scaffold was easier to implant. Our approach combining these two commonly used scaffold fabrication technologies allows for the creation of a scaffold with more close resemblance to heterogeneous tissue architecture, holding great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications of osteochondral tissue and other heterogeneous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana F. Mellor
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Pedro Huebner
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Shaobo Cai
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Mahsa Mohiti-Asli
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael A. Taylor
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jeffrey Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rohan A. Shirwaiker
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Loboa
- College of Engineering, University of Missouri, W1051 Thomas & Nell Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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22
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EL-Sobky TA, El-Haddad A, Elsobky E, Elsayed SM, Sakr HM. Reversal of skeletal radiographic pathology in a case of malignant infantile osteopetrosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Al-Himdani S, Jessop ZM, Al-Sabah A, Combellack E, Ibrahim A, Doak SH, Hart AM, Archer CW, Thornton CA, Whitaker IS. Tissue-Engineered Solutions in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Principles and Practice. Front Surg 2017; 4:4. [PMID: 28280722 PMCID: PMC5322281 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2017.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microsurgery, imaging, and transplantation have led to significant refinements in autologous reconstructive options; however, the morbidity of donor sites remains. This would be eliminated by successful clinical translation of tissue-engineered solutions into surgical practice. Plastic surgeons are uniquely placed to be intrinsically involved in the research and development of laboratory engineered tissues and their subsequent use. In this article, we present an overview of the field of tissue engineering, with the practicing plastic surgeon in mind. The Medical Research Council states that regenerative medicine and tissue engineering “holds the promise of revolutionizing patient care in the twenty-first century.” The UK government highlighted regenerative medicine as one of the key eight great technologies in their industrial strategy worthy of significant investment. The long-term aim of successful biomanufacture to repair composite defects depends on interdisciplinary collaboration between cell biologists, material scientists, engineers, and associated medical specialties; however currently, there is a current lack of coordination in the field as a whole. Barriers to translation are deep rooted at the basic science level, manifested by a lack of consensus on the ideal cell source, scaffold, molecular cues, and environment and manufacturing strategy. There is also insufficient understanding of the long-term safety and durability of tissue-engineered constructs. This review aims to highlight that individualized approaches to the field are not adequate, and research collaboratives will be essential to bring together differing areas of expertise to expedite future clinical translation. The use of tissue engineering in reconstructive surgery would result in a paradigm shift but it is important to maintain realistic expectations. It is generally accepted that it takes 20–30 years from the start of basic science research to clinical utility, demonstrated by contemporary treatments such as bone marrow transplantation. Although great advances have been made in the tissue engineering field, we highlight the barriers that need to be overcome before we see the routine use of tissue-engineered solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Himdani
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group (ReconRegen), Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Zita M Jessop
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group (ReconRegen), Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Ayesha Al-Sabah
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group (ReconRegen), Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School , Swansea , UK
| | - Emman Combellack
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group (ReconRegen), Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Amel Ibrahim
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group (ReconRegen), Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group (ReconRegen), Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Andrew M Hart
- Canniesburn Plastic Surgery Unit, Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Charles W Archer
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group (ReconRegen), Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; Cartilage Biology Research Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group (ReconRegen), Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; Human Immunology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Research Group (ReconRegen), Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK; The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
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Enhancement of individual differences in proliferation and differentiation potentials of aged human adipose-derived stem cells. Regen Ther 2017; 6:29-40. [PMID: 30271837 PMCID: PMC6134902 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a robust, multipotent cell source. They are easily obtained and hold promise in many regenerative applications. It is generally considered that the function of somatic stem cells declines with age. Although several studies have examined the effects of donor age on proliferation potential and pluripotency of ASCs, the results of these studies were not consistent. Objective This study tested whether the donor age affects the yield of ASCs from adipose tissue, as well as the proliferation and differentiation potentials of ASCs. Methods This study used ASCs obtained from adipose tissues of 260 donors (ages 5–97 years). ASCs were examined for individual differences in proliferation, and adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potentials in vitro. Characteristics of ASCs from each donor were evaluated by the principal component analysis (PCA) using their potential parameters. Results Analyses on ASCs demonstrated that adipogenic potentials declined with age, but proliferation, osteogenic and chondrogenic potentials were not correlated with age. Interestingly, in all ASC potentials, including adipogenesis, individual differences were observed. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that individual differences became evident in the elderly, and those variations were more prominent in females than in males. Conclusions This study demonstrated age-related changes in the potentials of ASCs and revealed that the individual differences of ASCs become significant in people over 60 years of age (for females over 60, and for males over 80). We believe that it is important to carefully observe ASC potentials in order to achieve effective regenerative medicine treatments using ASCs. ASCs can be isolated from subjects in all ages. Adipogenic potential of ASCs declines with age. Chondrogenic and osteogenic potentials of ASCs are not affected by age. Proliferation and differentiation potentials of ASCs are individually different. Individual difference of ASC potentials becomes significant over 60 years of age.
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Kumar A, Lau W, Starly B. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expansion on Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Poly-Styrene (PS) Scaffolds in a Perfusion Bioreactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Nordberg RC, Charoenpanich A, Vaughn CE, Griffith EH, Fisher MB, Cole JH, Spang JT, Loboa EG. Enhanced cellular infiltration of human adipose-derived stem cells in allograft menisci using a needle-punch method. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:132. [PMID: 27793202 PMCID: PMC5084349 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The meniscus plays a crucial role in knee joint stability, load transmission, and stress distribution. Meniscal tears are the most common reported knee injuries, and the current standard treatment for meniscal deficiency is meniscal allograft transplantation. A major limitation of this approach is that meniscal allografts do not have the capacity to remodel and maintain tissue homeostasis due to a lack of cellular infiltration. The purpose of this study was to provide a new method for enhanced cellular infiltration in meniscal allografts. Methods Twenty medial menisci were collected from cadaveric human sources and split into five experimental groups: (1) control native menisci, (2) decellularized menisci, (3) decellularized menisci seeded with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC), (4) decellularized needle-punched menisci, and (5) decellularized needle-punched menisci seeded with hASC. All experimental allografts were decellularized using a combined method with trypsin EDTA and peracetic acid. Needle punching (1-mm spacing, 28 G microneedle) was utilized to improve porosity of the allograft. Samples were recellularized with hASC at a density of 250 k/g of tissue. After 28 days of in vitro culture, menisci were analyzed for mechanical, biochemical, and histological characteristics. Results Menisci maintained structural integrity and material properties (compressive equilibrium and dynamic moduli) throughout preparations. Increased DNA content was observed in the needle-punched menisci but not in the samples without needle punching. Histology confirmed these results, showing enhanced cellular infiltration in needle-punched samples. Conclusions The enhanced infiltration achieved in this study could help meniscal allografts better remodel post-surgery. The integration of autologous adipose-derived stem cells could improve long-term efficacy of meniscal transplantation procedures by helping to maintain the meniscus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Nordberg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, EB III suite 4208, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Adisri Charoenpanich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, EB III suite 4208, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Christopher E Vaughn
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, EB III suite 4208, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Emily H Griffith
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, 2311 Stinson Drive, Box 8203, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Matthew B Fisher
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, EB III suite 4208, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3141 Bioinformatics Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jacqueline H Cole
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, EB III suite 4208, Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3141 Bioinformatics Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- College of Engineering, University of Missouri, W1051 Thomas & Neil Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Cai S, Bodle JC, Mathieu PS, Amos A, Hamouda M, Bernacki S, McCarty G, Loboa EG. Primary cilia are sensors of electrical field stimulation to induce osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells. FASEB J 2016; 31:346-355. [PMID: 27825103 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600560r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report for the first time that the primary cilium acts as a crucial sensor for electrical field stimulation (EFS)-enhanced osteogenic response in osteoprogenitor cells. In addition, primary cilia seem to functionally modulate effects of EFS-induced cellular calcium oscillations. Primary cilia are organelles that have recently been implicated to play a crucial sensor role for many mechanical and chemical stimuli on stem cells. Here, we investigate the role of primary cilia in EFS-enhanced osteogenic response of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) by knocking down 2 primary cilia structural proteins, polycystin-1 and intraflagellar protein-88. Our results indicate that structurally integrated primary cilia are required for detection of electrical field signals in hASCs. Furthermore, by measuring changes of cytoplasmic calcium concentration in hASCs during EFS, our findings also suggest that primary cilia may potentially function as a crucial calcium-signaling nexus in hASCs during EFS.-Cai, S., Bodle, J. C., Mathieu, P. S., Amos, A., Hamouda, M., Bernacki, S., McCarty, G., Loboa, E. G. Primary cilia are sensors of electrical field stimulation to induce osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Josephine C Bodle
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; and
| | - Pattie S Mathieu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; and
| | - Alison Amos
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; and
| | - Mehdi Hamouda
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; and
| | - Susan Bernacki
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; and
| | - Greg McCarty
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; and
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; and .,College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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28
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Nordberg RC, Zhang J, Griffith EH, Frank MW, Starly B, Loboa EG. Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Spectroscopy Can Monitor Age-Grouped Human Adipose Stem Cell Variability During Osteogenic Differentiation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:502-511. [PMID: 28191763 PMCID: PMC5442814 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) are an attractive cell source for bone tissue engineering applications. However, a critical issue to be addressed before widespread hASC clinical translation is the dramatic variability in proliferative capacity and osteogenic potential among hASCs isolated from different donors. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that electrical cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (ECIS) could track complex bioimpedance patterns of hASCs throughout proliferation and osteogenic differentiation to better understand and predict variability among hASC populations. Superlots composed of hASCs from young (aged 24-36 years), middle-aged (aged 48-55 years), and elderly (aged 60-81 years) donors were seeded on gold electrode arrays. Complex impedance measurements were taken throughout proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. During osteogenic differentiation, four impedance phases were identified: increase, primary stabilization, drop phase, and secondary stabilization. Matrix deposition was first observed 48-96 hours after the impedance maximum, indicating, for the first time, that ECIS can identify morphological changes that correspond to late-stage osteogenic differentiation. The impedance maximum was observed at day 10.0 in young, day 6.1 in middle-aged, and day 1.3 in elderly hASCs, suggesting that hASCs from younger donors require a longer time to differentiate than do hASCs from older donors, but young hASCs proliferated more and accreted more calcium long-term. This is the first study to use ECIS to predict osteogenic potential of multiple hASC populations and to show that donor age may temporally control onset of osteogenesis. These findings could be critical for development of patient-specific bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:502-511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Nordberg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jianlei Zhang
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily H. Griffith
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew W. Frank
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Binil Starly
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Loboa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- University of Missouri College of Engineering, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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29
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Steward AJ, Cole JH, Ligler FS, Loboa EG. Mechanical and Vascular Cues Synergistically Enhance Osteogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:997-1005. [PMID: 27392567 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and maintenance of a vascular network are critical for bone growth and homeostasis; strategies that promote vascular function are critical for clinical success of tissue-engineered bone constructs. Co-culture of endothelial cells (ECs) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exposure to 10% cyclic tensile strain have both been shown to regulate osteogenesis in isolation, but potential synergistic effects have yet to be explored. The objective of this study was to expose an MSC-EC co-culture to 10% cyclic tensile strain to examine the role of this mechanical stimulus on MSC-EC behavior. We hypothesized that paracrine signaling from ECs would stimulate osteogenesis of MSCs, and exposure to 10% cyclic tensile strain would enhance this anabolic signal. Human umbilical vein ECs and human bone marrow-derived MSCs were either monocultured or co-cultured at a 1:1 ratio in a mixed osteo/angiogenic medium, exposed to 10% cyclic tensile strain at 1 Hz for 4 h/day for 2 weeks, and biochemically and histologically analyzed for endothelial and osteogenic markers. While neither 10% cyclic tensile strain nor co-culture alone had a significant effect on osteogenesis, the concurrent application of strain to an MSC-EC co-culture resulted in a significant increase in calcium accretion and mineral deposition, suggesting that co-culture and strain synergistically enhance osteogenesis. Neither co-culture, 10% cyclic tensile strain, nor a combination of these stimuli affected endothelial markers, indicating that the endothelial phenotype remained stable, but unresponsive to the stimuli evaluated in this study. This study is the first to investigate the role of cyclic tensile strain on the complex interplay between ECs and MSCs in co-culture. The results of this study provide key insights into the synergistic effects of 10% cyclic tensile strain and co-culture on osteogenesis. Understanding mechanobiological factors affecting MSC-EC crosstalk will help enhance strategies for creating vascularized tissues in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Steward
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jacqueline H Cole
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Frances S Ligler
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,2 College of Engineering, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
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Narayanan LK, Huebner P, Fisher MB, Spang JT, Starly B, Shirwaiker RA. 3D-Bioprinting of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Nanofiber–Alginate Hydrogel Bioink Containing Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1732-1742. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Karthik Narayanan
- Edward
P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, 400 Daniels Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Pedro Huebner
- Edward
P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, 400 Daniels Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Matthew B. Fisher
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Engineering Building
III, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department
of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Spang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Binil Starly
- Edward
P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, 400 Daniels Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Engineering Building
III, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Rohan A. Shirwaiker
- Edward
P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, 400 Daniels Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Engineering Building
III, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Tuin SA, Pourdeyhimi B, Loboa EG. Fabrication of novel high surface area mushroom gilled fibers and their effects on human adipose derived stem cells under pulsatile fluid flow for tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2016; 36:220-30. [PMID: 26992369 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The fabrication and characterization of novel high surface area hollow gilled fiber tissue engineering scaffolds via industrially relevant, scalable, repeatable, high speed, and economical nonwoven carding technology is described. Scaffolds were validated as tissue engineering scaffolds using human adipose derived stem cells (hASC) exposed to pulsatile fluid flow (PFF). The effects of fiber morphology on the proliferation and viability of hASC, as well as effects of varied magnitudes of shear stress applied via PFF on the expression of the early osteogenic gene marker runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were evaluated. Gilled fiber scaffolds led to a significant increase in proliferation of hASC after seven days in static culture, and exhibited fewer dead cells compared to pure PLA round fiber controls. Further, hASC-seeded scaffolds exposed to 3 and 6dyn/cm(2) resulted in significantly increased mRNA expression of RUNX2 after one hour of PFF in the absence of soluble osteogenic induction factors. This is the first study to describe a method for the fabrication of high surface area gilled fibers and scaffolds. The scalable manufacturing process and potential fabrication across multiple nonwoven and woven platforms makes them promising candidates for a variety of applications that require high surface area fibrous materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We report here for the first time the successful fabrication of novel high surface area gilled fiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Gilled fibers led to a significant increase in proliferation of human adipose derived stem cells after one week in culture, and a greater number of viable cells compared to round fiber controls. Further, in the absence of osteogenic induction factors, gilled fibers led to significantly increased mRNA expression of an early marker for osteogenesis after exposure to pulsatile fluid flow. This is the first study to describe gilled fiber fabrication and their potential for tissue engineering applications. The repeatable, industrially scalable, and versatile fabrication process makes them promising candidates for a variety of scaffold-based tissue engineering applications.
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Tuin SA, Pourdeyhimi B, Loboa EG. Creating tissues from textiles: scalable nonwoven manufacturing techniques for fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:015017. [PMID: 26908485 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun nonwovens have been used extensively for tissue engineering applications due to their inherent similarities with respect to fibre size and morphology to that of native extracellular matrix (ECM). However, fabrication of large scaffold constructs is time consuming, may require harsh organic solvents, and often results in mechanical properties inferior to the tissue being treated. In order to translate nonwoven based tissue engineering scaffold strategies to clinical use, a high throughput, repeatable, scalable, and economic manufacturing process is needed. We suggest that nonwoven industry standard high throughput manufacturing techniques (meltblowing, spunbond, and carding) can meet this need. In this study, meltblown, spunbond and carded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nonwovens were evaluated as tissue engineering scaffolds using human adipose derived stem cells (hASC) and compared to electrospun nonwovens. Scaffolds were seeded with hASC and viability, proliferation, and differentiation were evaluated over the course of 3 weeks. We found that nonwovens manufactured via these industry standard, commercially relevant manufacturing techniques were capable of supporting hASC attachment, proliferation, and both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hASC, making them promising candidates for commercialization and translation of nonwoven scaffold based tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Tuin
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 4208 EB3, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Kim YS, Choi YJ, Koh YG. Mesenchymal stem cell implantation in knee osteoarthritis: an assessment of the factors influencing clinical outcomes. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:2293-301. [PMID: 26113522 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515588317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical studies have reported on cell-based treatment using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, little is known about the factors that influence the clinical outcomes after surgery. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of MSC implantation in patients with knee OA and assess the factors that are associated with clinical outcomes. The hypothesis was that factors may exist that could influence clinical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS A total of 49 patients (55 knees) were retrospectively evaluated after MSC implantation for knee OA. The inclusion criteria were patients who had an isolated full-thickness cartilage lesion and Kellgren-Lawrence OA grade 1 or 2. Clinical outcomes were measured with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner activity score, and patients' overall satisfaction with the surgery. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the effect of different factors on the clinical outcome. RESULTS The mean pre- and postoperative IKDC and Tegner activity scores significantly improved from 37.7 ± 6.3 to 67.3 ± 9.5 (IKDC) and from 2.2 ± 0.7 to 3.8 ± 0.7 (Tegner) (P < .001 for both). Twenty-four patients reported their overall satisfaction with the surgery as excellent (43.6%), 17 as good (30.9%), 11 as fair (20.0%), and 3 as poor (5.5%). There were significant differences in clinical outcomes at the final follow-up among the age and lesion size groups (P < .05 for all). Multivariate analyses showed high prognostic significance related to patient age and lesion size, and scatter plots suggested a cutoff age of 60 years and a cutoff lesion size of 6.0 cm(2) for the optimum identification of poor clinical outcomes (P < .05 for both). CONCLUSION The clinical outcomes of MSC implantation for knee OA are encouraging. Patient age and lesion size are important factors that affect clinical outcomes; thus, these may serve as a basis for preoperative surgical decisions. Cutoff points exist for the risk of clinical failure in patients older than 60 years and those with a lesion size larger than 6.0 cm(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sang Kim
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jin Choi
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Gon Koh
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Nordberg RC, Loboa EG. Our Fat Future: Translating Adipose Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:974-9. [PMID: 26185256 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) have the potential to treat patients with a variety of clinical conditions. Recent advancements in translational research, regulatory policy, and industry have positioned hASCs on the threshold of clinical translation. We discuss the progress and challenges of bringing adipose stem cell therapy into mainstream clinical use. SIGNIFICANCE This article details the advances made in recent years that have helped move human adipose stem cell therapy toward mainstream clinical use from a translational research, regulatory policy, and industrial standpoint. Four recurrent themes in translational technology as they pertain to human adipose stem cells are discussed: automated closed-system operations, biosensors and real-time monitoring, biomimetics, and rapid manufacturing. In light of recent FDA guidance documents, regulatory concerns about adipose stem cell therapy are discussed. Finally, an update is provided on the current state of clinical trials and the emerging industry that uses human adipose stem cells. This article is expected to stimulate future studies in translational adipose stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Nordberg
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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35
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Mellor LF, Mohiti-Asli M, Williams J, Kannan A, Dent MR, Guilak F, Loboa EG. Extracellular Calcium Modulates Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: A Novel Approach for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering Using a Single Stem Cell Source. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2323-33. [PMID: 26035347 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that elevating extracellular calcium from a concentration of 1.8 to 8 mM accelerates and increases human adipose-derived stem cell (hASC) osteogenic differentiation and cell-mediated calcium accretion, even in the absence of any other soluble osteogenic factors in the culture medium. However, the effects of elevated calcium on hASC chondrogenic differentiation have not been reported. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of varied calcium concentrations on chondrogenic differentiation of hASC. We hypothesized that exposure to elevated extracellular calcium (8 mM concentration) in a chondrogenic differentiation medium (CDM) would inhibit chondrogenesis of hASC when compared to basal calcium (1.8 mM concentration) controls. We further hypothesized that a full osteochondral construct could be engineered by controlling local release of calcium to induce site-specific chondrogenesis and osteogenesis using only hASC as the cell source. Human ASC was cultured as micromass pellets in CDM containing transforming growth factor-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein 6 for 28 days at extracellular calcium concentrations of either 1.8 mM (basal) or 8 mM (elevated). Our findings indicated that elevated calcium induced osteogenesis and inhibited chondrogenesis in hASC. Based on these findings, stacked polylactic acid nanofibrous scaffolds containing either 0% or 20% tricalcium phosphate (TCP) nanoparticles were electrospun and tested for site-specific chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Histological assays confirmed that human ASC differentiated locally to generate calcified tissue in layers containing 20% TCP, and cartilage in the layers with no TCP when cultured in CDM. This is the first study to report the effects of elevated calcium on chondrogenic differentiation of hASC, and to develop osteochondral nanofibrous scaffolds using a single cell source and controlled calcium release to induce site-specific differentiation. This approach holds great promise for osteochondral tissue engineering using a single cell source (hASC) and single scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana F Mellor
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Mahsa Mohiti-Asli
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - John Williams
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Arthi Kannan
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Morgan R Dent
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Farshid Guilak
- 2 Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina.,3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
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Marble HD, Sutermaster BA, Kanthilal M, Fonseca VC, Darling EM. Gene expression-based enrichment of live cells from adipose tissue produces subpopulations with improved osteogenic potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:145. [PMID: 25287061 PMCID: PMC4619280 DOI: 10.1186/scrt502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells have been increasingly used for cell-based therapies. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of fat tissue are a particularly attractive option for cell based therapy given their accessibility and relative abundance. However, their application in both clinical and basic science investigations is complicated by the isolation of differentiable cells within the SVF. Current enrichment strategies, such as monolayer passaging and surface marker-based sorting, can be time-consuming or overly stringent. Ideally, a population of cells with great regenerative capacity could be isolated with high yields so that extensive in vitro manipulation is not necessary. The objective of this study was to determine whether SVF cells sorted based on expression of alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney (ALPL) resulted in populations with increased osteogenic differentiation potential. Methods SVF samples were obtained from four, human donors and processed to isolate initial, heterogeneous cell populations. These SVF cells underwent a four day osteogenic priming period, after which they were treated with a fluorescent, oligodeoxynucleotide molecular beacon probe specific for ALPL mRNA. Cells were separated into positive and negative groups using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) then differentiated down the osteogenic lineage. Differentiation was assessed by measuring calcified matrix production in each sample. Results Cells positive for ALPL expression (ALPL+) represented approximately 34% of the gated population, while cells negative for ALPL expression (ALPL-) represented approximately 18%. ALPL+ cells produced 3.7-fold and 2.1-fold more calcified matrix than ALPL- and unsorted SVF cells, respectively, indicating a significant improvement in osteogenic differentiation. Further, ALPL+ cells showed increases in metabolite production for both adipogenesis and chondrogenesis, suggesting that the enrichment process yields an enhanced multipotent phenotype. Osteogenic differentiation response and cell yields for ALPL+ cells were markedly improved over surface marker-sorted samples. Conclusion This study demonstrates a novel method to enrich heterogeneous SVF cells for increased osteogenic potential. The procedure requires less time and results in higher yields of therapeutically useful cells than other existing approaches. Gene expression-based sorting of MSCs is a potentially paradigm-shifting approach that could benefit applications spanning from basic science to clinical therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/scrt502) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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