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Ali SI, Khan OY, Naveed N, Ahmad H, Patel N, Arif A. Congenital septal defects in Karachi, Pakistan: an update of mutational screening by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis of MTHFR C677T. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:6. [PMID: 38287462 PMCID: PMC10826090 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the heart structural malformations present at birth. Septal defects account for 40% of CHD, including atrial, ventricular and atrioventricular septal defects. In Pakistan, the prevalence of CHD is 3.4 in 1000, and a study estimated that 60,000 babies are born with CHD annually. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a chief enzyme, involved in the folate metabolism. The missense mutation, C677T (rs1801133), exists in MTHFR gene, results in a MTHFR thermolabile variant having low enzymatic activity. The study is aim to identify the MTHFR C677T variant association with septal defects. METHODS Samples of 194 CHD patients (age [Formula: see text]= 5.8 ± 5.1) and 50 normal echo controls (age [Formula: see text]= 6.0 ± 4.9), confirmed by pediatric consultant, were collected. Extracted DNA, quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis and nanodrop, was screened for SNP by high-resolution melting (HRM). Further, HRM results were confirmed using restriction analysis and sequencing. HRM was simply and precisely genotyped the samples within 3 h at low cost. RESULTS Genotypic data suggested that heterozygous mutant (CT) was frequent in congenital septal defect patients (0.26) which was higher than controls (0.143), p > 0.05. Mutant (TT) genotype was not found in this study. CONCLUSIONS rs1801133 has lack of significant association with congenital septal defects. The absence of TT genotype in this study suggesting the role of natural selection in targeted population. HRM is an easy, fast and next generation of PCR, which may be used for applied genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Irtiza Ali
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Obaid Yusuf Khan
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nadir Naveed
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ahmad
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najma Patel
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Arif
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Naing C, Whittaker MA, Tung WS, Aung H, Mak JW. Prevalence of zoonotic (brugian) filariasis in Asia: A proportional meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107049. [PMID: 37866729 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is a public health problem and targeted for global elimination. WHO recommends mass drug administration to interrupt transmission of the parasites involved. There are concerns that transmission interruption may be difficult in areas of zoonotic filarial infections. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of zoonotic brugian filariasis, and to compare the pooled prevalence of brugian filariasis in human and animal populations in the same area based on available studies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in health-related electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Index Medicus, google scholar). A random-effect meta-analysis of the pooled overall prevalence of filariasis in animal populations was conducted. Sixteen studies from four different Asian countries were identified. Studies were conducted most frequently in Thailand (n = 7), followed by Malaysia (n = 5), India (n = 3), and Sri Lanka (n = 1). Regardless of animal group, the pooled overall prevalence of animal Brugia infections was 13% (95%CI: 7-21%, I2:98%, 16 studies). On stratification, the pooled overall prevalence in the animal population was 19% (95%CI: 1-50%, I2: 99%, 3 studies) in India, 8% (95%CI: 2-7%, I2: 97%, 5 studies) in Malaysia, and 13% (95%CI: 7-20%, I2: 94%, 7 studies) in Thailand. The prevalence in the animal population was 17% (95%CI: 13-21%, 1 study) in Sri Lanka. The pooled overall prevalence of Brugia malayi was 13% (95%CI: 7-21%, I2:98%, 12 studies), while for Brugia pahangi this was 12% (95%CI: 7-19%, I2:86%, 7 studies). Regardless of animal group, geographic area, or diagnostic test, the prevalence of B. malayi was consistently high. On stratification by animal category, the pooled overall prevalence was 10% (95%CI: 6-14%, I2:92%, 13 studies) in cats, 12% (95%CI: 2-28%, I2: 99%, 6 studies) in dogs, and 55% (95%CI: 47-63%, 1 study) in leaf-eating monkeys. The findings show the extent of zoonotic Brugiainfections in domestic cats and dogs, suggesting that these animals are potential reservoirs for human brugian filariasis in the study countries. To substantiate this with more accuracy, future well designed whole genomic sequencing of individual mf collected from humans and B. malayi infected animals in the same area are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Maxine A Whittaker
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Wong Siew Tung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Htar Aung
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joon Wah Mak
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Meetham P, Kumlert R, Gopinath D, Yongchaitrakul S, Tootong T, Rojanapanus S, Padungtod C. Five years of post-validation surveillance of lymphatic filariasis in Thailand. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:113. [PMID: 38053222 PMCID: PMC10698969 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) validated Thailand in 2017 as having eliminated lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem with recommendations for continued surveillance. This article describes measures and progress made in Thailand with post-validation surveillance (PVS) of LF from 2018 until 2022. METHODS The implementation unit (IU) is a sub-village in 11 former LF endemic provinces. Human blood surveys are targeted in 10% of IUs each year. In Wuchereria bancrofti areas, filaria antigen test strips (FTS) are used, and in Brugia malayi areas, antibody test kits (Filaria DIAG RAPID) are used. Positive cases are confirmed by thick blood film (TBF) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Vector surveys for mosquito species identification and dissection for microfilaria (Mf)/filarial larvae are done in 1% of IUs where human blood surveys are conducted. Human blood surveys using FTS are conducted among migrants in five provinces. Surveillance of cats is done in areas that previously recorded > 1.0% Mf rate among cats. Morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP) are done every 2 years in LF-endemic areas where chronic disease patients reside. RESULTS From 2018 to 2022, in a total of 357 IUs in 11 provinces, human blood surveys were conducted in 145 IUs (41%) with an average population coverage of 81%. A total of 22,468 FTS and 27,741 FilariaDIAG RAPID were performed. 27 cases were detected: 3 cases of W. bancrofti in Kanchanaburi province and 24 cases of B. malayi in Narathiwat province. 4 cases of W. bancrofti were detected in two provinces through routine public health surveillance. Vector surveys in 47 IUs detected B. malayi Mf filarial larvae only in Narathiwat province. Chronic LF patients reduced from 114 in 2017 to 76 in 2022. Surveys among 7633 unregistered migrants yielded 12 cases of W. bancrofti. Mf rate among cats in Narathiwat province declined from 1.9% in 2018 to 0.7% in 2022. MMDP assessments revealed gaps in healthcare provider's management of chronic cases due to staff turnover. CONCLUSIONS In 2022, after 5 years of PVS, Thailand re-surveyed 41% of its previously endemic IUs and demonstrated ongoing transmission in only one province of Narathiwat, where Mf prevalence is below the WHO provisional transmission threshold of 1%. This study highlights the importance of continued disease surveillance measures and vigilance among health care providers in LF receptive areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapapan Meetham
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Rawadee Kumlert
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Deyer Gopinath
- World Health Organization (WHO), Country Office, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
| | - Siriporn Yongchaitrakul
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Tootong
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Chantana Padungtod
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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Scavo NA, Zecca IB, Sobotyk C, Saleh MN, Lane SK, Olson MF, Hamer SA, Verocai GG, Hamer GL. High prevalence of canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in pet dogs in south Texas, USA, with evidence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes contributing to transmission. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:407. [PMID: 36329477 PMCID: PMC9635171 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The canine heartworm Dirofilaria immitis, a filarioid nematode of dogs and other carnivores, is widespread in the USA and the world. Over 20 different mosquito species serve as intermediate hosts of D. immitis, but their contribution to transmission varies according to factors like host feeding patterns, geographic locations and climatic conditions. The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is a competent vector of D. immitis but is often dismissed as a vector of veterinary relevance given its anthropophilic feeding behavior. We evaluated the prevalence of D. immitis in pet dogs along the USA-Mexico border and assessed whether Ae. aegypti in the area are naturally infected with heartworm and are potentially acting as a vector. Methods A total of 200 whole blood samples collected from pet dogs in the Lower Rio Grande Valley in south Texas from 2016 to 2019 were included in this study. Canine serum samples for D. immitis were tested using the DiroCHEK® Canine Heartworm Antigen Test Kit pre- and post-immune complex dissociations (ICD) and blood samples were tested using high-resolution melt (HRM) quantitative PCR (qPCR) and a probe-based qPCR. Additionally, mosquito specimens were collected and identified, and Ae. aegypti heads, abdomens and pools were tested using conventional PCR (cPCR) and HRM qPCR. Results Overall, heartworm prevalence in dogs aged > 6 months was 40.8% (64/157) when the results from all testing modalities were considered. Heartworm antigen was detected in 33.5% and 40.7% of the dogs using DiroCHEK® pre- and post-ICD, respectively. By molecular screening, 20.1% of dogs tested positive with probe-based qPCR, while only one tested positive with HRM qPCR. Of the Ae. aegypti abdomens from blood-fed Ae. aeygpti tested, 20 (21.7%) from mosquitoes that fed on dogs and four (7%) from those that fed on humans tested positive for heartworm. Among Ae. aegypti heads from blood-fed Ae. aeygpti, two (1.1%) were positive based on cPCR and four (2.5%) were positive based on HRM qPCR. No D. immitis DNA was detected in the 208 pools of whole bodies (358 individuals) of Ae. aegypti gravid females. Conclusions Our study highlights a high prevalence of heartworm in dogs in south Texas and provides evidence that Ae. aegypti could be contributing to heartworm transmission in canine populations in this region. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Scavo
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Italo B. Zecca
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Caroline Sobotyk
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Meriam N. Saleh
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Sarah K. Lane
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Mark F. Olson
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Sarah A. Hamer
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Guilherme G. Verocai
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Gabriel L. Hamer
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
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Haynes E, Cleveland CA, Garrett KB, Grunert RKA, Bryan JA, Sidouin M, Oaukou PT, Ngandolo BNR, Yabsley MJ. Characterization of the genetics and epidemiology of Brugia sp. in domestic dogs in Chad, Africa. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 35:100784. [PMID: 36184112 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases pose a threat to domestic animal health, as domestic animals can serve as reservoirs for certain zoonotic parasitic infections, including Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) and lymphatic filariasis. Surveillance for these parasites in domestic animals is needed to understand infection prevalence and transmission cycles, with the goal of instituting appropriate interventions. The goal of this research was to report our finding of Brugia sp. infection in dogs from Chad, Africa, and to characterize the genetics and epidemiology of the parasite. During a recent Chadian canine pathogen surveillance project, we identified Brugia sp. infections in a total of 46 out of 428 dogs (10.7%) sampled at three time points in 2019-2020. We found high levels of sequence similarity to B. malayi and B. pahangi based on amplification of 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS-2 regions. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences placed the Chadian Brugia sp. in a clade with other Brugia spp. but grouped it separately from both B. malayi and B. pahangi. Analysis of Hha I sequences showed the greatest similarity with B. patei, a parasite previously reported from dogs, cats, and wildlife hosts in Kenya. Epidemiologic analysis using generalized linear regression modeling found significantly higher odds of Brugia sp. detection among dogs in villages in southern Chad compared to those in the northern region. Further, within the northern region, there were higher odds of detection in the dry season, compared to the wet season, which is consistent with the ecology of a presumably mosquito-borne parasite. The same 428 dogs were tested for Dirofilaria immitis antigen using a commercial assay (IDEXX SNAP 4Dx) at the earliest time point of the study, with 119 dogs testing positive. However, no association was noted between Brugia infection and a dog being positive for Di. immitis antigen, with only seven of the 119 Di. immitis antigen-positive dogs being Brugia-positive. This is the first report of Brugia sp. in domestic dogs in Chad and additional research is needed to definitively identify the species present, elucidate transmission, and understand potential risks to canine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Haynes
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Wildlife Health Building, 589 D.W, Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Christopher A Cleveland
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Wildlife Health Building, 589 D.W, Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kayla B Garrett
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Wildlife Health Building, 589 D.W, Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ryan K A Grunert
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Wildlife Health Building, 589 D.W, Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John A Bryan
- Zachery Consulting LLC, 2595 Rogers Mill Road, Danielsville, GA 30633, USA
| | - Metinou Sidouin
- The Carter Center, 453 Freedom Pkwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Wildlife Health Building, 589 D.W, Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Tantipat C, Wongkamchai M, Saelai K, Amesombun A, Wongkamchai S. A rare case of ocular filariasis caused by Brugia malayi. Parasitol Int 2022; 90:102606. [PMID: 35659633 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Extra-lymphatic manifestation of filariasis is uncommon and may usually be clinically misdiagnosed. The extra lymphatic presentation of Brugia malayi may due to the site of entry of the infective larvae, and only a few cases have been proven for the causative species. We report here a 59-year-old woman presented with swollen right conjunctiva and complaint of migratory swelling at her eyelid, which has turned out to be ocular filariasis by B. malayi in Chantaburi province, Thailand. This report highlights the increasing cases of B. malayi as a causative agent of ocular filariasis in human.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Metta Wongkamchai
- Department of Parasitology and (c)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kati Saelai
- Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Ameorn Amesombun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sirichit Wongkamchai
- Department of Parasitology and (c)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Cimpan AA, Baneth G, Nachum-Biala Y, Miron L, Rojas A. Dirofilaria repens predominates in shelter dogs from South Romania. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 84:101793. [PMID: 35287057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Canine filarioids are zoonotic vector-borne parasitic nematodes distributed mostly in the tropics and subtropics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, distribution, etiology and genetic variation of canine filarioid infections by three different PCR techniques in four Southern Romanian counties. Blood samples of 300 shelter dogs were screened for infections with canine filarioids by real-time PCR. To determine filarioid species and coinfections, samples positive in the initial screening were further tested by conventional PCR and sequenced. Results indicated that 17% of the tested dogs were positive for at least one filarioid species. The prevalence of D. repens infection was 11.7%, significantly higher than that of D. immitis (4.7%) and A. reconditum (1.3%) (p ≤ 0.003). The high prevalence of canine filarioid infections represents a challenge to animal and human health in the South of Romania, and they should be constantly monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Liviu Miron
- Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Alicia Rojas
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
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Thongpiya J, Kreetitamrong S, Thongsit T, Toothong T, Rojanapanus S, Sarasombath PT. The first case report of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens in Thailand. Trop Parasitol 2021; 11:125-127. [PMID: 34765535 PMCID: PMC8579766 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_113_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirofilariasis is a rare zoonotic disease which is commonly caused by two Dirofilaria species; Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Humans are accidental dead-end hosts of the parasites, and the infection is mainly asymptomatic. Here, we report the case of a 54-year-old Thai woman who experienced a painful left shoulder nodule and eosinophilia for 1 month. An excisional biopsy of the nodule revealed a degenerated filarial nematode compatible with adult females of the Dirofilaria species. Molecular identification of the partial 12 mt rRNA gene of the worm confirmed that the causative species was D. repens, a zoonotic filariasis that causes subcutaneous dirofilariasis in dogs and cats. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first reported case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by D. repens in Thailand. This increased concerns about zoonotic filariasis from natural animal reservoirs in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerapas Thongpiya
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Tanaporn Toothong
- Division of Vector Borne Disease, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sunsanee Rojanapanus
- Division of Vector Borne Disease, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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9
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Panetta JL, Calvani NED, Orr B, Nicoletti AG, Ward MP, Šlapeta J. Multiple diagnostic tests demonstrate an increased risk of canine heartworm disease in northern Queensland, Australia. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:393. [PMID: 34372886 PMCID: PMC8351338 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a life-threatening infection of dogs with a global distribution. Information on the prevalence of D. immitis and associated risk factors for canine heartworm antigen positivity—and thus disease—in Australia is scarce or outdated. The current reference method for D. immitis diagnosis in dogs is via the detection of heartworm antigen in blood using commercially available microwell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Heat treatment of canine plasma prior to testing has been suggested to increase test sensitivity. The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of D. immitis in dogs confined to shelters in Queensland, Australia. The impact of heat treatment on antigen test results was also assessed. Methods Blood samples (n = 166) were collected directly from dogs in seven shelters across Queensland (latitudinal span of approx. 1700 km) into EDTA blood collection tubes. A commercially available ELISA (DiroCHEK®) was used to detect canine heartworm antigen in untreated and heat-treated plasma. Whole blood was concurrently tested for the presence of microfilariae and D. immitis DNA using a modified Knott’s test and real-time PCR, respectively. Risk factors (age, gender, source, location) associated with the odds of positivity for canine heartworm were assessed using binary logistic regression models. Results A total of 16 dogs (9.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9–15.2%) were positive for canine heartworm based on combined test results. Heat treatment did not impact on the positivity of D. immitis antigen within samples (Cohen’s kappa = 0.98), but the optical density was significantly increased in paired plasma samples for D. immitis antigen-positive samples (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, two-tailed P < 0.01). Location of the dog in a shelter in northern Queensland was the only risk factor significantly associated with the odds of a dog being more likely to be D. immitis antigen positive (odds ratio: 4.39; 95% CI: 1.26–13.51). All samples positive for the modified Knott’s test were also positive for D. immitis DNA by PCR. Conclusions This study demonstrated the presence of heartworm-positive dogs in shelters in Queensland, with positive animals significantly more likely to occur in northern Queensland than southern Queensland. Sustained testing for the presence of D. immitis microfilariae and antigen remain important diagnostic tools in areas with known and re-emerging canine heartworm activity. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04896-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Panetta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Bronwyn Orr
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Aldo Gianfranco Nicoletti
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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10
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Loymek S, Phuakrod A, Zaelai K, Sripumkhai W, Vongjaroensanti P, Wongkamchai S. Investigation on the Prevalence of Canine Microfilaremia in Thailand Using a Novel Microfluidic Device in Combination with Real-Time PCR. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8030039. [PMID: 33671040 PMCID: PMC7997456 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a survey of canine microfilaraemia in 768 dogs in Chanthaburi, Samut Sakhon, and Narathiwat provinces of Thailand using a novel semi-automated, microfluidic device that is easy and rapid to perform. Microfilariae species were identified using High Resolution Melting real-time PCR (HRM real-time PCR). The prevalence of canine microfilaremia was 16.2% (45/278) in Chanthaburi and 5.5% (12/217) in Samut Sakhon. The prevalence of canine microfilaremia in Narathiwat was 22.7% (67/273). Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis were the predominant species of filariae found in the infected dogs from Chanthaburi and Narathiwat, respectively. The low prevalence of canine microfilaremia of Samut Sakhon may reflect the success of the Soi Dog foundation’s efforts and the establishment of veterinary control programs. An effective disease control and prevention strategies is needed in Chanthaburi and Narathiwat to reduce the risks of zoonotic transmission of the parasites. An appropriate drug treatment should be given to infected dogs and prophylactic drugs are suggested to be given to dogs age ≤1-year-old to prevent filarial infection. The novel microfluidic device could be implemented for surveillance of filariae infection in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumas Loymek
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 12 Songkhla, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla 90000, Thailand;
| | - Achinya Phuakrod
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Kati Zaelai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.Z.); (P.V.)
| | - Witsaroot Sripumkhai
- Thai Microelectronic Center, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Prapakorn Vongjaroensanti
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.Z.); (P.V.)
| | - Sirichit Wongkamchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.Z.); (P.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Delavari M, Pestechian N. Genotypes Identification of echinococcus granulosus isolated from iranian dogs and camels using three polymerase Chain reaction-based methods of cox1 gene. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_91_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Thongpiya J, Sa-Nguanraksa D, Samarnthai N, Sarasombath PT. Filariasis of the breast caused by Brugia pahangi: A concomitant finding with invasive ductal carcinoma. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102203. [PMID: 33027710 PMCID: PMC7532987 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Extralymphatic filariasis is an uncommon phenomenon that can be caused by several lymphatic filarial species, including zoonotic filaria of animal origins. In this study, we report a case of a 64-year-old Thai woman who presented with a lump in her left breast that was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. At the same time, a small nodule was found in her right breast, via imaging study, without any abnormal symptoms. A core needle biopsy of the right breast nodule revealed a filarial-like nematode compatible with the adult stage of Brugia sp. A molecular identification of the nematode partial mt 12rRNA gene and ITS1 suggested the causative species as closely related to Brugia pahangi, a zoonotic lymphatic filaria of animals such as cats and dogs. The sequence of the partial mt 12rRNA and ITS1 gene in this patient was 94% and 99% identical to the previously reported sequence of mt 12rRNA and ITS1 genes of B. pahangi. The sequence of ITS1 gene is 99% similar to B. pahangi microfilaria from infected dogs in Bangkok, which was highly suspected of having a zoonotic origin. As far as we know, this is the first case report of B. pahangi filariasis presented with a breast mass concomitantly found in a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma. This raised serious concern regarding the zoonotic transmission of filariasis from natural animal reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerapas Thongpiya
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Doonyapat Sa-Nguanraksa
- Division of Head-Neck and Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Norasate Samarnthai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patsharaporn T Sarasombath
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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13
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Nunthanid P, Roongruanchai K, Wongkamchai S, Sarasombath PT. Case Report: Periorbital Filariasis Caused by Brugia malayi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:2336-2338. [PMID: 32959768 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugia malayi is a lymphatic nematode that accounts for approximately 10% of lymphatic filariasis cases worldwide. It is endemic in several countries in South and Southeast Asia. In Thailand, B. malayi is endemic in the southern region. The extralymphatic presentation of B. malayi is rare. Here, we report the case of a woman residing in the central region of Thailand who presented with an erythematous periorbital nodule at the left medial canthal area caused by lymphatic filaria. A viable sexually mature filarial adult was removed from the lesion. The nematode species was identified as B. malayi by histology staining and DNA sequencing of the partial mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. As far as we know, this is the first case report of B. malayi presenting with a periorbital nodule that has occurred in a disease non-endemic area of Thailand with possibly a zoonotic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosol Roongruanchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirichit Wongkamchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Potkonjak A, Rojas A, Gutiérrez R, Nachum-Biala Y, Kleinerman G, Savić S, Polaček V, Pušić I, Harrus S, Baneth G. Molecular survey of Dirofilaria species in stray dogs, red foxes and golden jackals from Vojvodina, Serbia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 68:101409. [PMID: 31881413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis in dogs and other carnivores is caused by Dirofilaria immitis, while Dirofilaria repens usually causes a subcutaneous infection. The importance of red foxes and golden jackals in the epidemiology of dirofilariosis remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional molecular survey of Dirofilaria species in stray dogs, red foxes and golden jackals from the endemic region of Vojvodina, Serbia, in order to determine and update data on their prevalence and provide insight into the epidemiological importance of wild canids. A total of 59 blood samples from stray dogs, 94 from red foxes and 32 from golden jackals were collected and screened by real-time PCR targeting a 115-bp fragment of the mitochondrial 12S gene of filarioids and by conventional PCR assay targeting a 484-524-bp fragment of 5.8S-ITS2-28S locus of filarioids. The cross-sectional molecular survey detected the filarioid mitochondrial 12S gene fragment in stray dogs (27.1 %), red foxes (8.5 %) and golden jackals (6.3 %) in the same endemic region of Vojvodina, Serbia. Only D. immitis was detected in stray dogs, while both D. immitis and D. repens were detected in populations of red foxes and golden jackals. These results outline a possible interaction of D. immitis infection between the dog population and the wild canid populations, while D. repens was found to circulate mostly in golden jackals and red foxes populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Potkonjak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Alicia Rojas
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Gabriela Kleinerman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Sara Savić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute 'Novi Sad', Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | | | - Ivan Pušić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute 'Novi Sad', Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Shimon Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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Phuakrod A, Sripumkhai W, Jeamsaksiri W, Pattamang P, Juntasaro E, Thienthong T, Foongladda S, Brindley PJ, Wongkamchai S. Diagnosis of feline filariasis assisted by a novel semi-automated microfluidic device in combination with high resolution melting real-time PCR. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:159. [PMID: 30961652 PMCID: PMC6454708 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of filariasis traditionally relies on the detection of circulating microfilariae (mf) using Giemsa-stained thick blood smears. This approach has several limitations. We developed a semi-automated microfluidic device to improve and simplify the detection of filarial nematodes. METHODS The efficiency and repeatability of the microfluidic device was evaluated. Human EDTA blood samples were 'spiked' with B. malayi mf at high, moderate, and low levels, and subsequently tested 10 times. The device was also used for a field survey of feline filariasis in 383 domesticated cats in an area of Narathiwat Province, Thailand, the endemic area of Brugia malayi infection. RESULTS In the control blood arbitrarily spiked with mf, the high level, moderate level and low level mf-positive controls yielded coefficient variation (CV) values of 4.44, 4.16 and 4.66%, respectively, at the optimized flow rate of 6 µl/min. During the field survey of feline filariasis in Narathiwat Province, the device detected mf in the blood of 34 of 383 cats (8.9%) whereas mf were detected in 28 (7.3%) cats using the blood smear test. Genomic DNA was extracted from mf trapped in the device after which high-resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR assay was carried out, which enabled the simultaneous diagnosis of filarial species. Among the 34 mf-positive samples, 12 were identified as B. malayi, 15 as Dirofilaria immitis and 7 as| D. repens. CONCLUSIONS We developed a semi-automated microfluidic device to detect mf of filarial parasites that could be used to diagnose lymphatic filariasis in human populations. This novel device facilitates rapid, higher-throughput detection and identification of infection with filariae in blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinya Phuakrod
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Witsaroot Sripumkhai
- Thai Microelectronic Center, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wutthinan Jeamsaksiri
- Thai Microelectronic Center, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pattaraluck Pattamang
- Thai Microelectronic Center, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ekachai Juntasaro
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Therdthai Thienthong
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suporn Foongladda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine & Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sirichit Wongkamchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Nochot H, Loimek S, Priyavoravong P, Wongkamchai S, Sarasombath PT. Therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline in domestic cats naturally infected with Brugia malayi in field condition. Exp Parasitol 2019; 200:73-78. [PMID: 30953626 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral doxycycline treatment for Brugia malayi as measured by microfilarial and filarial DNA clearance in naturally infected domestic cats. METHODS This study included 8 domestic cats that lived with families that resided in Tak Bai District of Narathiwat Province, which is located in Southern Thailand. The study area is a known B. malayi endemic area. All study cats received doxycycline treatment doses by their respective owners according to a previously described protocol. Briefly, doxycycline (VibraVet@) was given orally once a day during weeks 1-4, 10-11, and 16-17. Blood collections were performed at baseline before treatment, and then every month for 12 months after the initial dose of doxycycline to assess microfilaraemia by Giemsa stain, and filarial DNA detection by high-resolution melt (HRM) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS One month after the start of doxycycline treatment, five of eight cats were negative for microfilaraemia, and 4 of those were negative for filarial DNA. All cats receiving doxycycline treatment were negative for microfilaria by Giemsa stain, and for filarial DNA by HRM real-time PCR within 8 months after receiving the initial dose of doxycycline treatment. CONCLUSION Administration of oral doxycycline to domestic cats naturally infected with B. malayi in disease endemic areas can significantly reduce microfilaraemia at 1 month and filarial DNA was undetectable by 8 months after the initial dose of doxycycline treatment. No recurrence of microfilaraemia or filarial DNA was observed in study cats at 1 year after the start of doxycycline. Included cats appeared to tolerate doxycycline (VibraVet@) well, with no adverse drug reactions reported by any study cat owner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathai Nochot
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sumat Loimek
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 12 Songkhla, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | | | - Sirichit Wongkamchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Sarma K, Nachum-Biala Y, Kumar M, Baneth G. Molecular investigation of vector-borne parasitic infections in dogs in Northeast India. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:122. [PMID: 30909966 PMCID: PMC6434811 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the status of vector-borne pathogens among canines in Northeast India is lacking, particularly for the states of Mizoram and Tripura close to the Myanmar border. Blood samples collected from 130 dogs, 80 from Mizoram and 50 from Tripura, were examined in this study. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for filariid worms, Babesia, Hepatozoon, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp. and DNA sequencing was then carried out to identify pathogens at the species level. RESULTS Vector-borne pathogens were detected in 52% (68/130) of the sampled dogs. The most prevalent pathogen was Babesia gibsoni detected in 56/130 (43%) dogs, followed by Hepatozoon canis in 50/130 (38%), Anaplasma platys in 4/130 (3%), B. vogeli in 4/130 (3%), Acanthochelionema reconditum in 3/130 (2%) and Dirofilaria immitis in 2/130 (2%). Forty-four dogs (34%) were co-infected with two or more pathogens. The most common co-infection observed was with B. gibsoni + H. canis (34%) followed by triple-infection with B. gibsoni + H. canis + A. platys (3%), and B. gibsoni + B. vogeli + H. canis (3%). The infection rate was higher in Mizoram (58%) than in Tripura (44%). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of infection in the studied dog population, especially with B. gibsoni and H. canis, indicates that vector-borne diseases pose a serious threat to the health of dogs in this area of Northeast India. Prevention of vector-borne diseases by using topical acaricides and heartworm preventative treatment would be of great benefit for reducing the threat of vector-borne diseases in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Sarma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram India
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Mritunjay Kumar
- Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R. K. Nagar, Tripura (W) 799008 India
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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Sarasombath PT, Thammapalo S, Loymek S, Angkanasinsiri A, Priyavoravong P, Wongkamchai S. First study of topical selamectin efficacy for treating cats naturally infected with Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi under field conditions. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1289-1297. [PMID: 30746583 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariae are important human and animal parasites. Infection by these parasites could lead to severe morbidity and has significant socioeconomic impacts. Topical selamectin is a semi-synthetic macrocyclic lactone that is widely used to prevent heartworm infection. Up until now, there were no studies that investigated the efficacy of selamectin in lymphatic filariae. Therefore, we aimed to study the chemotherapeutic and chemoprophylactic efficacies of selamectin use for cats in brugian filariasis-endemic areas in Southern Thailand. To assess chemotherapeutic efficacy of topical selamectin, eight Brugia malayi and six Brugia pahangi microfilaremic cats were treated with a single administration of topical selamectin. For chemoprophylactic efficacy assessment, a single application of topical selamectin was administrated to 9 healthy, uninfected cats. The cats in both groups were subjected to a monthly blood testing for microfilariae and filarial DNA for 1 year. Topical selamectin treatment in B. malayi and B. pahangi microfilaremic cats showed 100% effectivity in eradicating microfilaremia but only 78.5% effectivity in eliminating filarial DNA. In the chemoprophylactic group, selamectin demonstrated 66.7% efficacy in preventing B. malayi infection. Our findings suggest that a single administration of 6 mg/kg topical selamectin given every two months could effectively prevent B. malayi infection. Application of topical selamectin twice a year could block circulating microfilariae. Since there are no treatment guidelines currently available for lymphatic filarial infection in cats, the data obtained from this study could be used to guide the management of brugian lymphatic filarial infection in reservoir cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsharaporn T Sarasombath
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wangland Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Suwich Thammapalo
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 12 Songkhla, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sumart Loymek
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 12 Songkhla, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Anchisa Angkanasinsiri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wangland Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Sirichit Wongkamchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wangland Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Baxarias M, Álvarez-Fernández A, Martínez-Orellana P, Montserrat-Sangrà S, Ordeix L, Rojas A, Nachum-Biala Y, Baneth G, Solano-Gallego L. Does co-infection with vector-borne pathogens play a role in clinical canine leishmaniosis? Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:135. [PMID: 29554918 PMCID: PMC5859550 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum might be affected by other vector-borne organisms that mimic its clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine co-infections with other vector-borne pathogens based on serological and molecular techniques in dogs with clinical leishmaniosis living in Spain and to associate them with clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities as well as disease severity. METHODS Sixty-one dogs with clinical leishmaniosis and 16 apparently healthy dogs were tested for Rickettsia conorii, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Bartonella henselae antigens by the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and for E. canis, Anaplasma spp., Hepatozoon spp., Babesia spp. and filarioid DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Among the dogs examined by IFAT, the seroprevalences were: 69% for R. conorii, 57% for E. canis, 44% for A. phagocytophilum and 37% for B. henselae; while the prevalences found by PCR were: 8% for Ehrlichia/Anaplasma, 3% for Anaplasma platys and 1% for H. canis. No other pathogen DNA was detected. Statistical association was found between dogs with clinical leishmaniosis and seroreactivity to R. conorii antigen (Fisher's exact test: P = 0.025, OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1-17) and A. phagocytophilum antigen (Fisher's exact test: P = 0.002, OR = 14.3, 95% CI = 2-626) and being positive to more than one serological or molecular tests (co-infections) (Mann-Whitney test: U = 243, Z = -2.6, n 1 = 14, n 2 = 61, P = 0.01) when compared with healthy dogs. Interestingly, a statistical association was found between the presence of R. conorii, E. canis, A. phagocytophilum and B. henselae antibodies in sick dogs and some clinicopathological abnormalities such as albumin and albumin/globulin ratio decrease and increase in serum globulins. Furthermore, seroreactivity with A. phagocytophilum antigens was statistically associated with CanL clinical stages III and IV. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that dogs with clinical leishmaniosis from Catalonia (Spain) have a higher rate of co-infections with other vector-borne pathogens when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, positivity to some vector-borne pathogens was associated with more marked clinicopathological abnormalities as well as disease severity with CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baxarias
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alejandra Álvarez-Fernández
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sara Montserrat-Sangrà
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Ordeix
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alicia Rojas
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Therapeutic trial of doxycyclin plus ivermectin for the treatment of Brugia malayi naturally infected cats. Vet Parasitol 2017; 245:42-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nguyen C, Koh WL, Casteriano A, Beijerink N, Godfrey C, Brown G, Emery D, Šlapeta J. Mosquito-borne heartworm Dirofilaria immitis in dogs from Australia. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:535. [PMID: 27717406 PMCID: PMC5055658 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in dogs is considered endemic in Australia, but the clinical heartworm disease caused by the heartworm is rare and prevalence is low. The mainstream prevention of the heartworm is based on macrocyclic lactone (ML) administration. The aim of this study was to confirm endemism of the heartworm under current Australian conditions using a cohort of recent microfilaria-positive dogs which were on variable heartworm prevention. Methods A hotspot of canine heartworm antigen-positive and microfilaria-positive dogs has been detected recently in Queensland, Australia. Blood samples from 39 dogs from Queensland and two dogs from New South Wales were investigated for canine filarioids. Rapid antigen diagnostic tests capable of detection of D. immitis and real-time PCR for quantification and differentiation between D. immitis from Acanthocheilonema reconditum with quantification of microfilariae in canine blood samples, together with D. immitis specific real-time PCR assay, were applied to microfilaria-positive dogs. The P-glycoprotein genotype was determined to test whether Australian-sourced heartworm shared the same genetic markers as those suspected of ML-resistance in North America. Results Only D. immitis was detected in the samples from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Using high resolution melt real-time PCR and D. immitis specific real-time PCR, the calculated microfilaria concentration ranged from 1 to 44,957 microfilariae/ml and from 7 to 60,526 microfilariae/ml, respectively. DNA sequencing of the PCR products confirmed D. immitis. Fifteen of the examined dogs were on putative, rigorous ML prevention. For the remaining dogs, compliance with heartworm prevention was unknown or reported as inconsistent. Wild-type genotype AA-GG of the P-glycoprotein locus of D. immitis sequence has been obtained for three blood samples. Due to the incomplete history, any suggestion of a loss of efficacy of MLs must be treated as ‘remotely possible’. In the immediate future, records of preventative administration and annual antigen testing would be required to determine any problems with the efficacy of preventatives. Conclusions The prevalence of canine heartworm in Australia remains poorly understood. It is generally assumed to be low by veterinary practitioners. The localised increase in the study area confirms endemism of canine heartworm and a requirement for ongoing vigilance through annual heartworm testing to better understand the changing distribution of canine heartworm, client compliance, as well as to detect any change in ML-susceptibility. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1821-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, McMaster Building B14, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei Ling Koh
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, McMaster Building B14, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Casteriano
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, McMaster Building B14, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Niek Beijerink
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney (UVTHS), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Evelyn Williams Building B10, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Godfrey
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney (UVTHS), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Evelyn Williams Building B10, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graeme Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, McMaster Building B14, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Emery
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, McMaster Building B14, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, McMaster Building B14, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales, Australia.
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Dehghani M, Mohammadi MA, Rostami S, Shamsaddini S, Mirbadie SR, Harandi MF. High-resolution melting analysis (HRM) for differentiation of four major Taeniidae species in dogs Taenia hydatigena, Taenia multiceps, Taenia ovis, and Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2715-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Wongkamchai S, Mayoon B, Kanakul N, Foongladda S, Wanachiwanawin D, Nochote H, Loymek S. Rapid Differentiation of Filariae in Unstained and Stained Paraffin-Embedded Sections by a High-Resolution Melting Analysis PCR Assay. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015; 15:473-80. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sirichit Wongkamchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjaporn Mayoon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Namthip Kanakul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suporn Foongladda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darawan Wanachiwanawin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hathai Nochote
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumart Loymek
- Filaria Project, Phikulthong Royal Development Study Center, Narathiwat, Thailand
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Detection of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium by Real-Time PCR with High Resolution Melting Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:16085-103. [PMID: 26193254 PMCID: PMC4519940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes a real-time PCR approach with high resolution melting-curve (HRM) assay developed for the detection and differentiation of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in fecal and urine samples collected from rural Yemen. The samples were screened by microscopy and PCR for the Schistosoma species infection. A pair of degenerate primers were designed targeting partial regions in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene of S. mansoni and S. haematobium using real-time PCR-HRM assay. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 31.8%; 23.8% of the participants were infected with S. haematobium and 9.3% were infected with S. mansoni. With regards to the intensity of infections, 22.1% and 77.9% of S. haematobium infections were of heavy and light intensities, respectively. Likewise, 8.1%, 40.5% and 51.4% of S. mansoni infections were of heavy, moderate and light intensities, respectively. The melting points were distinctive for S. mansoni and S. haematobium, categorized by peaks of 76.49 ± 0.25 °C and 75.43 ± 0.26 °C, respectively. HRM analysis showed high detection capability through the amplification of Schistosoma DNA with as low as 0.0001 ng/µL. Significant negative correlations were reported between the real-time PCR-HRM cycle threshold (Ct) values and microscopic egg counts for both S. mansoni in stool and S. haematobium in urine (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this closed-tube HRM protocol provides a potentially powerful screening molecular tool for the detection of S. mansoni and S. haematobium. It is a simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective method. Hence, this method is a good alternative approach to probe-based PCR assays.
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25
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Rojas A, Rojas D, Montenegro VM, Baneth G. Detection of Dirofilaria immitis and other arthropod-borne filarioids by an HRM real-time qPCR, blood-concentrating techniques and a serological assay in dogs from Costa Rica. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:170. [PMID: 25851920 PMCID: PMC4377020 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine filarioids are important nematodes transmitted to dogs by arthropods. Diagnosis of canine filariosis is accomplished by the microscopic identification of microfilariae, serology or PCR for filarial-DNA. The aim of this study was to evaluate a molecular assay for the detection of canine filariae in dog blood, to compare its performance to other diagnostic techniques, and to determine the relationship between microfilarial concentration and infection with other vector-borne pathogens. METHODS Blood samples from 146 dogs from Costa Rica were subjected to the detection of canine filarioids by four different methods: the microhematocrit tube test (MCT), Knott's modified test, serology and a high resolution melt and quantitative real-time PCR (HRM-qPCR). Co-infection with other vector-borne pathogens was also evaluated. RESULTS Fifteen percent of the dogs were positive to Dirofilaria immitis by at least one of the methods. The HRM-qPCR produced distinctive melting plots for the different filarial worms and revealed that 11.6% of dogs were infected with Acanthocheilonema reconditum. The latter assay had a limit of detection of 2.4x10⁻⁴ mf/μl and detected infections with lower microfilarial concentrations in comparison to the microscopic techniques and the serological assay. The MCT and Knott's test only detected dogs with D. immitis microfilaremias above 0.7 mf/μl. Nevertheless, there was a strong correlation between the microfilarial concentration obtained by the Knott's modified test and the HRM-qPCR (r = 0.906, p < 0.0001). Interestingly, one dog was found infected with Cercopithifilaria bainae infection. Moreover, no association was found between microfilaremia and co-infection and there was no significant difference in microfilarial concentration between dogs infected only with D. immitis and dogs co-infected with Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys or Babesia vogeli. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of A. reconditum and C. bainae in Costa Rica and Central America. Among the evaluated diagnostic techniques, the HRM-qPCR showed the most sensitive and reliable performance in the detection of blood filaroids in comparison to the Knott's modified test, the MCT test and a serological assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rojas
- />Departamento de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, P.O. Box 11501–2060, San José, Costa Rica
- />Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Diana Rojas
- />Departamento de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, P.O. Box 11501–2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Víctor M Montenegro
- />Laboratorio de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 86–3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Gad Baneth
- />Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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Wongkamchai S, Nochote H, Foongladda S, Dekumyoy P, Thammapalo S, Boitano JJ, Choochote W. A high resolution melting real time PCR for mapping of filaria infection in domestic cats living in brugian filariosis-endemic areas. Vet Parasitol 2014; 201:120-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Albonico F, Loiacono M, Gioia G, Genchi C, Genchi M, Mortarino M. Rapid differentiation of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in canine peripheral blood by real-time PCR coupled to high resolution melting analysis. Vet Parasitol 2014; 200:128-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Kaewkong W, Intapan PM, Sanpool O, Janwan P, Thanchomnang T, Laummaunwai P, Lulitanond V, Doanh PN, Maleewong W. Molecular differentiation of Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis eggs by multiplex real-time PCR with high resolution melting analysis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:689-94. [PMID: 24516275 PMCID: PMC3916459 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are parasites known to be carcinogenic and causative agents of cholangiocarcinoma in Asia. The standard method for diagnosis for those parasite infections is stool examination to detect parasite eggs. However, the method has low sensitivity, and eggs of O. viverrini and C. sinensis are difficult to distinguish from each other and from those of some other trematodes. Here, we report a multiplex real-time PCR coupled with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis for the differentiation of O. viverrini and C. sinensis eggs in fecal samples. Using 2 pairs of species-specific primers, DNA sequences from a portion of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad 2) gene, were amplified to generate 209 and 165 bp products for O. viverrini and C. sinensis, respectively. The distinct characteristics of HRM patterns were analyzed, and the melting temperatures peaked at 82.4±0.09℃ and 85.9±0.08℃ for O. viverrini and C. sinensis, respectively. This technique was able to detect as few as 1 egg of O. viverrini and 2 eggs of C. sinensis in a 150 mg fecal sample, which is equivalent to 7 and 14 eggs per gram of feces, respectively. The method is species-specific, rapid, simple, and does not require fluorescent probes or post-PCR processing for discrimination of eggs of the 2 species. It offers a new tool for differentiation and detection of Asian liver fluke infections in stool specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worasak Kaewkong
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Penchom Janwan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Porntip Laummaunwai
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Viraphong Lulitanond
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pham Ngoc Doanh
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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29
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Kongklieng A, Kaewkong W, Intapan PM, Sanpool O, Janwan P, Thanchomnang T, Lulitanond V, Sri-Aroon P, Limpanont Y, Maleewong W. Molecular differentiation of Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mekongi by real-time PCR with high resolution melting analysis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:651-6. [PMID: 24516269 PMCID: PMC3916453 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Human schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mekongi is a chronic and debilitating helminthic disease still prevalent in several countries of Asia. Due to morphological similarities of cercariae and eggs of these 2 species, microscopic differentiation is difficult. High resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR is developed as an alternative tool for the detection and differentiation of these 2 species. A primer pair was designed for targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene to generate PCR products of 156 base pairs for both species. The melting points of S. japonicum and S. mekongi PCR products were 84.5±0.07℃ and 85.7±0.07℃, respectively. The method permits amplification from a single cercaria or an egg. The HRM real-time PCR is a rapid and simple tool for differentiation of S. japonicum and S. mekongi in the intermediate and final hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornmas Kongklieng
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Worasak Kaewkong
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Penchom Janwan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Viraphong Lulitanond
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pusadee Sri-Aroon
- Applied Malacology Center, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yanin Limpanont
- Applied Malacology Center, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Thanchomnang T, Intapan PM, Tantrawatpan C, Lulitanond V, Chungpivat S, Taweethavonsawat P, Kaewkong W, Sanpool O, Janwan P, Choochote W, Maleewong W. Rapid detection and identification of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, B. pahangi, and Dirofilaria immitis in mosquito vectors and blood samples by high resolution melting real-time PCR. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:645-50. [PMID: 24516268 PMCID: PMC3916452 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and high-throughput method for detection and identification of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia pahangi, and Dirofilaria immitis in mosquito vectors and blood samples was developed using a real-time PCR combined with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Amplicons of the 4 filarial species were generated from 5S rRNA and spliced leader sequences by the real-time PCR and their melting temperatures were determined by the HRM method. Melting of amplicons from W. bancrofti, B. malayi, D. immitis, and B. pahangi peaked at 81.5±0.2℃, 79.0±0.3℃, 76.8±0.1℃, and 79.9±0.1℃, respectively. This assay is relatively cheap since it does not require synthesis of hybridization probes. Its sensitivity and specificity were 100%. It is a rapid and technically simple approach, and an important tool for population surveys as well as molecular xenomonitoring of parasites in vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Viraphong Lulitanond
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sudchit Chungpivat
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyanan Taweethavonsawat
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Worasak Kaewkong
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Penchom Janwan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wej Choochote
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Santos GB, Espínola SM, Ferreira HB, Margis R, Zaha A. Rapid detection of Echinococcus species by a high-resolution melting (HRM) approach. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:327. [PMID: 24517106 PMCID: PMC4029041 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-resolution melting (HRM) provides a low-cost, fast and sensitive scanning method that allows the detection of DNA sequence variations in a single step, which makes it appropriate for application in parasite identification and genotyping. The aim of this work was to implement an HRM-PCR assay targeting part of the mitochondrial cox1 gene to achieve an accurate and fast method for Echinococcus spp. differentiation. Findings For melting analysis, a total of 107 samples from seven species were used in this study. The species analyzed included Echinococcus granulosus (n = 41) and Echinococcus ortleppi (n = 50) from bovine, Echinococcus vogeli (n = 2) from paca, Echinococcus oligarthra (n = 3) from agouti, Echinococcus multilocularis (n = 6) from monkey and Echinococcus canadensis (n = 2) and Taenia hydatigena (n = 3) from pig. DNA extraction was performed, and a 444-bp fragment of the cox1 gene was amplified. Two approaches were used, one based on HRM analysis, and a second using SYBR Green Tm-based. In the HRM analysis, a specific profile for each species was observed. Although some species exhibited almost the same melting temperature (Tm) value, the HRM profiles could be clearly discriminated. The SYBR Green Tm-based analysis showed differences between E. granulosus and E. ortleppi and between E. vogeli and E. oligarthra. Conclusions In this work, we report the implementation of HRM analysis to differentiate species of the genus Echinococcus using part of the mitochondrial gene cox1. This method may be also potentially applied to identify other species belonging to the Taeniidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15005, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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