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Willoughby JR, McKenzie BA, Ahn J, Steury TD, Lepzcyk CA, Zohdy S. Assessing and managing the risk of Aedes mosquito introductions via the global maritime trade network. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012110. [PMID: 38598547 PMCID: PMC11034661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The global shipping network (GSN) has been suggested as a pathway for the establishment and reintroduction of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus primarily via the tire trade. We used historical maritime movement data in combination with an agent-based model to understand invasion risk in the United States Gulf Coast and how the risk of these invasions could be reduced. We found a strong correlation between the total number of cargo ship arrivals at each port and likelihood of arrival by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Additionally, in 2012, 99.2% of the arrivals into target ports had most recently visited ports likely occupied by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, increasing risk of Aedes invasion. Our model results indicated that detection and removal of mosquitoes from containers when they are unloaded effectively reduced the probability of mosquito populations establishment even when the connectivity of ports increased. To reduce the risk of invasion and reintroduction of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, surveillance and control efforts should be employed when containers leave high risk locations and when they arrive in ports at high risk of establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna R. Willoughby
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. McKenzie
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jordan Ahn
- Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Todd D. Steury
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Lepzcyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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Chen LH, Marti C, Diaz Perez C, Jackson BM, Simon AM, Lu M. Epidemiology and burden of dengue fever in the United States: a systematic review. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad127. [PMID: 37792822 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is currently a global concern. The range of dengue vectors is expanding with climate change, yet United States of America (USA) studies on dengue epidemiology and burden are limited. This systematic review sought to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of dengue within the USA. METHODS Studies evaluating travel-related and endemic dengue in US states and territories were identified and qualitatively summarized. Commentaries and studies on ex-US cases were excluded. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Center of Health Sciences Information, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched through January 2022. RESULTS 116 studies were included. In US states, dengue incidence was generally low, with spikes occurring in recent years in 2013-16 (0.17-0.31 cases/100,000) and peaking in 2019 (0.35 cases/100,000). Most cases (94%, n = 7895, 2010-21) were travel related. Dengue was more common in Puerto Rico (cumulative average: 200 cases/100,000, 1980-2015); in 2010-21, 99.9% of cases were locally acquired. There were <50 severe cases in US states (2010-17); fatal cases were even rarer. Severe cases in Puerto Rico peaked in 1998 (n = 173) and 2021 (n = 76). Besides lower income, risk factors in US states included having birds in residence, suggesting unspecified environmental characteristics favourable to dengue vectors. Commonly reported symptoms included fever, headache and rash; median disease duration was 3.5-11 days. Hospitalization rates increased following 2009 World Health Organization disease classification changes (pre-2009: 0-54%; post-2009: 14-75%); median length of stay was 2.7-8 days (Puerto Rico) and 2-3 days (US states). Hospitalization costs/case (2010 USD) were$14 350 (US states),$1764-$5497 (Puerto Rico) and$4207 (US Virgin Islands). In Puerto Rico, average days missed were 0.2-5.3 (work) and 2.5 (school). CONCLUSIONS Though dengue risk is ongoing, treatments are limited, and dengue's economic burden is high. There is an urgent need for additional preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin H Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, 330 Mount Auburn Street Suite 413 Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos Marti
- Department of Pediatrics, San Juan City Hospital, Paseo Dr. Jose Celso Barbosa San Juan, PR 00921, Puerto Rico
| | - Clemente Diaz Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Bianca M Jackson
- Evidence & Access, OPEN Health, 25 Recreation Park Drive, Suite 200 Hingham, MA 02043, USA
| | - Alyssa M Simon
- Evidence & Access, OPEN Health, 25 Recreation Park Drive, Suite 200 Hingham, MA 02043, USA
| | - Mei Lu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., 95 Hayden Avenue Lexington, MA 0242195, USA
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Assessing Entomological and Epidemiological Efficacy of Pyriproxyfen-Treated Ovitraps in the Reduction of Aedes Species: A Quasi-Experiment on Dengue Infection Using Saliva Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053026. [PMID: 35270720 PMCID: PMC8910485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Our study assessed the impact of using ovitraps with pyriproxyfen on mosquito populations and the feasibility of using human saliva samples to test for seroconversion to dengue virus (DENV). We used a quasi-experimental research design by forming the intervention (n = 220) and the control (n = 223) groups in neighboring Taguig City, Philippines, over 4 months. Socio-demographic data, entomological indices, and IgG antibodies against DENV were measured. Associations between the implementation of ovitraps dosed with pyriproxyfen and mosquito densities (percentage positive ovitraps and container indices) and DENV seroconversion were calculated post-intervention in Months 2, 3, and 4. Among the participants recruited at baseline, 17 and 13 were seropositive for dengue (DENV) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Both entomological indices were lower in the treated area than the control site at post-intervention Months 2, 3, and 4, but not earlier. Dengue seroconversions rates decreased in the treated population, but not significantly so. In conclusion, the use of PPF-treated ovitraps may have impacted the mosquito population, but not seroconversion rates. Compliance in providing saliva samples and the ability to detect IgG antibodies within these samples was encouraging and suggests that further studies on larger populations for longer durations are warranted.
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Tizard IR, Musser JM. Panic and neglect—2000–2018. GREAT AMERICAN DISEASES 2022. [PMCID: PMC8866134 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98925-1.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since 2000, multiple infectious threats to North America have been identified. The response to these threats has generally been one of initial panic. When major problems fail to develop, then the threat is rapidly forgotten. These threats include diseases arising within North America such as Lyme Disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Legionnaire’s Disease, and Norwalk virus, the cause of lethal diarrhea. Other diseases occurring in Latin America are moving northward. These include Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The speed and efficiency of modern air travel have resulted in infections arriving from overseas. These include West Nile Fever, Chikungunya, and Zika Fevers, Ebola and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) caused by a bat coronavirus. All of these affected relatively few people, and most were rapidly controlled.
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Bonheur AN, Thomas S, Soshnick SH, McGibbon E, Dupuis AP, Hull R, Slavinski S, Del Rosso PE, Weiss D, Hunt DT, McCabe ME, Dean AB, Folkerth R, Laib AM, Wong SJ. A fatal case report of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus type 1 following remote Zika virus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:749. [PMID: 34348665 PMCID: PMC8334327 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic in many parts of the world. Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) in DENV infections occurs when a person with primary immunity is infected by a second, different DENV strain. Antibodies to Zika virus (ZIKV), which emerged in the Western Hemisphere in 2015, are cross reactive with DENV and theoretically could provoke ADE in a DENV naïve individual. CASE PRESENTATION DENV infection was suspected in a child who had recently returned from a one-month stay in the Dominican Republic. The child presented with fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and in hypovolemic shock. Volume and pressor resuscitation were unsuccessful, and the child died less than 24 h after hospitalization. Laboratory results suggested an early acute first DENV infection since serum, plasma, and spinal fluid had DENV1 detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), yet the serum lacked IgG antibodies to DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of all four DENV serotypes. This acute DENV infection occurred in the presence of a remote ZIKV infection as determined by antibodies to ZIKV NS1 envelope by multiplex microsphere immunoassay and an exceptionally high plaque reduction neutralization titer to ZIKV. ZIKV IgG avidity index was high, confirming a past infection. DENV1 RNA was detected in all ten organs and tissues examined by PCR. The severe and fatal complications reported here suggest that a remote ZIKV infection may provoke an exaggerated immune response leading to hypovolemic shock when primarily infected by DENV1. CONCLUSION We report the first known patient in the United States with a rapidly progressive and fatal case of travel-associated DENV in which prior exposure to ZIKV likely played a role in triggering an ADE phenomenon. This association of prior ZIKV immunity and subsequent new dengue infection is a worrisome phenomenon and an important contribution to the body of knowledge on immunity to flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Bonheur
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Office of the New York City Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara H Soshnick
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emily McGibbon
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Alan P Dupuis
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rene Hull
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sally Slavinski
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Paula E Del Rosso
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Don Weiss
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle T Hunt
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Megan E McCabe
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amy B Dean
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Folkerth
- Office of the New York City Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M Laib
- Office of the New York City Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan J Wong
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
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Ligsay A, Telle O, Paul R. Challenges to Mitigating the Urban Health Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Face of Climate Change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5035. [PMID: 34068688 PMCID: PMC8126106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18095035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world's population by 2050, and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities' surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution in cities, mosquito-borne diseases have largely been ignored. However, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of mosquito-borne diseases, many of which have an urban facet to their epidemiology and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Current health mitigation strategies for heat and pollution, for example, may, however, be detrimental for mosquito-borne diseases. Implementation of multi-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labor, and health) do exist or can be envisaged and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among multi-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ligsay
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
- Clinical and Health-Related Research, St. Luke’s Medical Center WHQM College of Medicine, Quezon City 1112, Philippines
| | - Olivier Telle
- CNRS, Géographie-Cités, Paris 1 Université Paris-Sorbonne, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Richard Paul
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 2000 (CNRS), 75015 Paris, France
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Holeva-Eklund WM, Behrens TK, Hepp CM. Systematic review: the impact of socioeconomic factors on Aedes aegypti mosquito distribution in the mainland United States. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:63-75. [PMID: 32853170 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are primary vectors of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Ae. aegypti is highly anthropophilic and relies nearly exclusively on human blood meals and habitats for reproduction. Socioeconomic factors may be associated with the spread of Ae. aegypti due to their close relationship with humans. This paper describes and summarizes the published literature on the association between socioeconomic variables and the distribution of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the mainland United States. A comprehensive search of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO Academic Search Complete through June 12, 2019 was used to retrieve all articles published in English on the association of socioeconomic factors and the distribution of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Additionally, a hand search of mosquito control association websites was conducted in an attempt to identify relevant grey literature. Articles were screened for eligibility using the process described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Initially, 3,493 articles were identified through the database searches and previously known literature. After checking for duplicates, 2,145 articles remained. 570 additional records were identified through the grey literature search for a total of 2,715 articles. These articles were screened for eligibility using their titles and abstracts, and 2,677 articles were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria. Finally, the full text for each of the remaining articles (n=38) was read to determine eligibility. Through this screening process, 11 articles were identified for inclusion in this review. The findings for these 11 studies revealed inconsistent relationships between the studied socioeconomic factors and the distribution and abundance of Ae. aegypti. The findings of this review suggest a gap in the literature and understanding of the association between anthropogenic factors and the distribution of Ae. aegypti that could hinder efforts to implement effective public health prevention and control strategies should a disease outbreak occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Holeva-Eklund
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Timothy K Behrens
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Crystal M Hepp
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Wang J, Wang S, Wu J, Zhou Y, Wang X, Luo F, Tu X, Chen Q, Huang Y, Ju W, Peng X, Rao J, Wang L, Jiang N, Ai J, Zhang W. Emergence and Autochthonous Transmission of Dengue Virus Type I in a Low-Epidemic Region in Southeast China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:638785. [PMID: 33842388 PMCID: PMC8024628 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.638785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne febrile illness. Southeast Asia experienced severe dengue outbreaks in 2019, and over 1000 cases had been reported in Jiangxi, a previously known low-epidemic region in China. However, the emergence of a dengue virus epidemic in a non-epidemic region remains unclear. Methods We enrolled 154 dengue fever patients from four hospitals in Jiangxi, from April 2019 to September 2019. Real-time PCR, NS1 antigen rapid test, and IgM, IgG tests were performed, and 14 samples were outsourced to be sequenced metagenomically. Results Among the 154 cases, 42 were identified as imported and most of them returned from Cambodia. A total of 113 blood samples were obtained and 106 were identified as DENV-1, two as DENV-2, and five were negative through RT-PCR. All DENV-1 strains sequenced in this study were all classified to one cluster and owned a high similarity with a Cambodia strain isolated in 2019. The evolutionary relationships of amino acid were consistent with that of nucleotide genome result. The sequence-based findings of Jiangxi strains were consistent with epidemiological investigation. Conclusion Epidemiological analysis demonstrated that the emergence of dengue cases led to autochthonous transmission in several cities in Jiangxi, a low-epidemic region before. This study emphasized future prevention and control of dengue fever in both epidemic and non-epidemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang Ninth Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingen Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhangshu People's Hospital, Yichun, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang Ninth Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feibing Luo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Yichun, China
| | - Xianglin Tu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang Ninth Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiubo Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhangshu People's Hospital, Yichun, China
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang Ninth Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Weihua Ju
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang Ninth Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuping Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang Ninth Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianfeng Rao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang Ninth Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nanchang Ninth Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mack LK, Kelly ET, Lee Y, Brisco KK, Shen KV, Zahid A, van Schoor T, Cornel AJ, Attardo GM. Frequency of sodium channel genotypes and association with pyrethrum knockdown time in populations of Californian Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:141. [PMID: 33676552 PMCID: PMC7936502 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their detection in 2013, Aedes aegypti has become a widespread urban pest in California. The availability of cryptic larval breeding sites in residential areas and resistance to insecticides pose significant challenges to control efforts. Resistance to pyrethroids is largely attributed to mutations in the voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC), the pyrethroid site of action. However, past studies have indicated that VGSC mutations may not be entirely predictive of the observed resistance phenotype. METHODS To investigate the frequencies of VGSC mutations and the relationship with pyrethroid insecticide resistance in California, we sampled Ae. aegypti from four locations in the Central Valley, and the Greater Los Angeles area. Mosquitoes from each location were subjected to an individual pyrethrum bottle bioassay to determine knockdown times. A subset of assayed mosquitoes from each location was then analyzed to determine the composition of 5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci within the VGSC gene. RESULTS The distribution of knockdown times for each of the five Californian populations sampled was non-parametric with potentially bimodal distributions. One group succumbs to insecticidal effects around 35-45 min and the second group lasts up to and beyond the termination of the assay (120+ min). We detected 5 polymorphic VGSC SNPs within the sampled California populations. One is potentially new and alternatively spliced (I915K), and four are documented and associated with resistance: F1534C, V1016I, V410L and S723T. The Central Valley populations (Clovis, Dinuba, Sanger and Kingsburg) are fairly homogenous with only 5% of the mosquitoes showing heterozygosity at any given position. In the Greater LA mosquitoes, 55% had at least one susceptible allele at any of the five SNP loci. The known resistance allele F1534C was detected in almost all sampled mosquitoes (99.4%). We also observe significant heterogeneity in the knockdown phenotypes of individuals with the identical VGSC haplotypes suggesting the presence of additional undefined resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Resistance associated VGSC SNPs are prevalent, particularly in the Central Valley. Interestingly, among mosquitoes carrying all 4 resistance associated SNPs, we observe significant heterogeneity in bottle bioassay profiles suggesting that other mechanisms are important to the individual resistance of Ae. aegypti in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Mack
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erin Taylor Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yoosook Lee
- University of Florida-Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Katherine K Brisco
- Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, Kearney Agricultural Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Victoria Shen
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aamina Zahid
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tess van Schoor
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J Cornel
- Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, Kearney Agricultural Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Attardo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Landscape and Anthropogenic Factors Associated with Adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Small Cities in the Southern Great Plains. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100699. [PMID: 33066330 PMCID: PMC7602065 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mosquito-borne diseases are a growing human health concern in the United States. While recent studies have updated the distribution of Aedes aegypti in southern Great Plains, little is known about what factors can be used to predict where important mosquito species thrive in the region. The aim of the study assessed different factors associated with encountering adult container-breeding mosquitoes in small cities in southern Oklahoma. Collections using two types of traps were carried out over a ten week period from June to August 2017 along two geographical transects, each consisting of three cities, equally distant from the Red River/Texas border. After five rounds of collection, 6628 female mosquitoes were collected from 242 commercial or residential sites in six cities. Of the mosquitoes collected, 80% consisted of container-breeding species. Regionally, Ae. aegypti was most likely to be collected in cities closest to the Texas border while Aedes albopictus was spread throughout the region. In general, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were more associated with residential sites or sites featuring no or low vegetation. The study highlighted important factors involved in the distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in small cities in the southern Great Plains. Abstract As mosquito-borne diseases are a growing human health concern in the United States, the distribution and potential arbovirus risk from container-breeding Aedes mosquitoes is understudied in the southern Great Plains. The aim of the study was to assess landscape and anthropogenic factors associated with encountering adult container-breeding mosquitoes in small cities in southern Oklahoma. Collections were carried out over a 10 week period from June to August 2017 along two geographical transects, each consisting of three cities, equally distant from the Red River/Texas border. Mosquitoes were collected weekly using two trap types along with data for 13 landscape, vegetation, and anthropogenic variables. After five rounds of collection, 6628 female mosquitoes were collected over 2110 trap-nights involving 242 commercial or residential sites in six cities. Of the mosquitoes collected, 80% consisted of container-breeding species: Aedes albopictus (72%), Culex pipiens complex (16%) and Aedes aegypti (8%). Regionally, Aedes aegypti was more likely present in cities closest to the Texas border while Ae. albopictus was spread throughout the region. In general, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were significantly more present in sites featuring no or low vegetation and residential sites. Variables associated with Ae. albopictus presence and abundance varied between cities and highlighted the urban nature of the species. The study highlighted the distribution of Ae. aegypti geographically and within the urban context, indicated potential habitat preferences of container-breeding mosquito species in small towns, and demonstrated the usefulness of Gravid Aedes traps (GAT) traps for monitoring Aedes populations in urban habitats in small cities.
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Dussart P, Duong V, Bleakley K, Fortas C, Lorn Try P, Kim KS, Choeung R, In S, Andries AC, Cantaert T, Flamand M, Buchy P, Sakuntabhai A. Comparison of dengue case classification schemes and evaluation of biological changes in different dengue clinical patterns in a longitudinal follow-up of hospitalized children in Cambodia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008603. [PMID: 32925941 PMCID: PMC7515206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed guidelines on dengue clinical classification in 1997 and more recently in 2009 for the clinical management of patients. The WHO 1997 classification defines three categories of dengue infection according to severity: dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Alternative WHO 2009 guidelines provide a cross-sectional classification aiming to discriminate dengue fever from dengue with warning signs (DWWS) and severe dengue (SD). The primary objective of this study was to perform a comparison of two dengue classifications. The secondary objective was to describe the changes of hematological and biochemical parameters occurring in patients presenting with different degrees of severity during the course of the disease, since progression to more severe clinical forms is unpredictable. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We performed a prospective, monocentric, cross-sectional study of hospitalized children in Cambodia, aged from 2 to 15 years old with severe and non-severe dengue. We enrolled 243 patients with acute dengue-like illness: 71.2% were dengue infections confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR or NS1 antigen capture ELISA, of which 87.2% and 9.0% of DF cases were respectively classified DWWS and SD, and 35.9% of DHF were designated SD using an adapted WHO 2009 classification for SD case definition. Systematic use of ultrasound at patient admission was crucial for detecting plasma leakage. No difference was observed in the concentration of secreted NS1 protein between different dengue severity groups. Lipid profiles were different between DWWS and SD at admission, characterized by a decrease in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, in SD. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results show discrepancies between the two classifications, including misclassification of severe dengue cases as mild cases by the WHO 1997 classification. Using an adapted WHO 2009 classification, SD more precisely defines the group of patients requiring careful clinical care at a given time during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kevin Bleakley
- Laboratoire de mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inria, Orsay, France
| | - Camille Fortas
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Patrich Lorn Try
- Pediatric Department, Kampong Cham Provincial hospital, Kampong Cham, Cambodia
| | - Kim Srorn Kim
- Pediatric Department, Kampong Cham Provincial hospital, Kampong Cham, Cambodia
| | - Rithy Choeung
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Anne-Claire Andries
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Marie Flamand
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé, UMR 2000, Paris, France
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13
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Olson MF, Garcia-Luna S, Juarez JG, Martin E, Harrington LC, Eubanks MD, Badillo-Vargas IE, Hamer GL. Sugar Feeding Patterns for Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in South Texas. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1111-1119. [PMID: 32043525 PMCID: PMC7334892 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Effective mosquito surveillance and management depend on a thorough understanding of the biology and feeding patterns unique to species and sex. Given that a propensity to sugar feed is necessary for some mosquito surveillance and newer control strategies, we sought to document the amount of total sugar in wild Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) captured from five different locations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of South Texas over 2 yr. We used Biogents Sentinel 2 (BGS2) traps in year 1 and aspirators, BGS2, and CDC resting traps in years 2 and 3 to collect adult mosquitoes. The hot anthrone test was used to quantify total sugar content in each mosquito. Additionally, the cold and hot anthrone tests were used to distinguish fructose content from total sugars for mosquitoes captured in 2019. Overall, Ae. aegypti females had significantly lower total sugar content than Ae. aegypti males as well as both sexes of Cx. quinquefasciatus. However, the percentage of Ae. aegypti positive for fructose consumption was four to eightfold higher than Ae. aegypti previously reported in other regions. The difference between locations was significant for males of both species, but not for females. Seasonality and trapping method also revealed significant differences in sugar content of captured mosquitoes. Our results reinforce that sugar feeding in female Ae. aegypti is less than Cx. quinquefasciatus, although not absent. This study provides necessary data to evaluate the potential effectiveness of sugar baits in surveillance and control of both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Olson
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Jose G Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Estelle Martin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Micky D Eubanks
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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14
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Donnelly MAP, Kluh S, Snyder RE, Barker CM. Quantifying sociodemographic heterogeneities in the distribution of Aedes aegypti among California households. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008408. [PMID: 32692760 PMCID: PMC7394445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of Aedes aegypti in California and other regions of the U.S. has increased the need to understand the potential for local chains of Ae. aegypti-borne virus transmission, particularly in arid regions where the ecology of these mosquitoes is less understood. For public health and vector control programs, it is helpful to know whether variation in risk of local transmission can be attributed to socio-demographic factors that could help to target surveillance and control programs. Socio-demographic factors have been shown to influence transmission risk of dengue virus outside the U.S. by modifying biting rates and vector abundance. In regions of the U.S. where Ae. aegypti have recently invaded and where residential areas are structured differently than those in the tropics where Ae. aegypti are endemic, it is unclear how socio-demographic factors modify the abundance of Ae. aegypti populations. Understanding heterogeneities among households in Ae. aegypti abundance will provide a better understanding of local vectorial capacity and is an important component of understanding risk of local Ae. aegypti-borne virus transmission. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Los Angeles County, California during summer 2017 to understand the causes of variation in relative abundance of Ae. aegypti among households. We surveyed 161 houses, representing a wide range of incomes. Surveys consisted of systematic adult mosquito collections, inspections of households and properties, and administration of a questionnaire in English or Spanish. Adult Ae. aegypti were detected at 72% of households overall and were found indoors at 12% of households. An average of 3.1 Ae. aegypti were collected per household. Ae. aegypti abundance outdoors was higher in lower-income neighborhoods and around older households with larger outdoor areas, greater densities of containers with standing water, less frequent yard maintenance, and greater air-conditioner use. We also found that Ae. aegypti abundance indoors was higher in households that had less window and door screening, less air-conditioner usage, more potted plants indoors, more rain-exposed containers around the home, and lower neighborhood human population densities. Our results indicate that, in the areas of southern California studied, there are behavioral and socio-demographic determinants of Ae. aegypti abundance, and that low-income households could be at higher risk for exposure to Ae. aegypti biting and potentially greater risk for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya virus transmission if a local outbreak were to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A. P. Donnelly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Susanne Kluh
- Greater Los Angeles County Vector Control District, Santa Fe Springs, California, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Snyder
- Vector-borne Disease Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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15
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Bradt D, Wormington JD, Long JM, Hoback WW, Noden BH. Differences in Mosquito Communities in Six Cities in Oklahoma. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:1395-1403. [PMID: 30950499 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases in the United States have recently increased as a result of the changing nature of vectors, hosts, reservoirs, pathogens, and the ecological and environmental conditions. Current information on vector habitats and how mosquito community composition varies across space and time is vital to successful vector-borne disease management. This study characterizes mosquito communities in urban areas of Oklahoma, United States, an ecologically diverse region in the southern Great Plains. Between May and September 2016, 11,996 female mosquitoes of 34 species were collected over 798 trap nights using three different trap types in six Oklahoma cities. The most abundant species trapped were Culex pipiens L. complex (32.4%) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) (12.0%). Significant differences among mosquito communities were detected using analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) between the early (May-July) and late (August-September) season. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) further highlighted the cities of Altus and Idabel as relatively unique mosquito communities, mostly due to the presence of Aedes aegypti (L.) and salt-marsh species and absence of Aedes triseriatus (Say) in Altus and an abundance of Ae. albopictus in Idabel. These data underscore the importance of assessing mosquito communities in urban environments found in multiple ecoregions of Oklahoma to allow customized vector management targeting the unique assemblage of species found in each city.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradt
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | | | - James M Long
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - W Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Bruce H Noden
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
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16
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Senda A, Sakuntabhai A, Inaida S, Teissier Y, Matsuda F, Paul RE. Estimating Frequency of Probable Autochthonous Cases of Dengue, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1705-1708. [PMID: 30124409 PMCID: PMC6106439 DOI: 10.3201/eid2409.170408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Imported dengue into naive areas is a recognized but unquantified threat. Differentiating imported and autochthonous cases remains problematic. A threshold approach applied to Japan identified several aberrant incidences of dengue. Despite these alerts, no epidemics occurred other than 1 in Yoyogi Park in Tokyo, which was probably an unusual event.
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17
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Auerswald H, de Jesus A, Seixas G, Nazareth T, In S, Mao S, Duong V, Silva AC, Paul R, Dussart P, Sousa CA. First dengue virus seroprevalence study on Madeira Island after the 2012 outbreak indicates unreported dengue circulation. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:103. [PMID: 30867031 PMCID: PMC6417143 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2012, the first dengue virus outbreak was reported on the Portuguese island of Madeira with 1080 confirmed cases. Dengue virus of serotype 1 (DENV-1), probably imported from Venezuela, caused this outbreak with autochthonous transmission by invasive Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Results We investigated the seroprevalence among the population on Madeira Island four years after the outbreak. Study participants (n = 358), representative of the island population regarding their age and gender, were enrolled in 2012 in a cross-sectional study. Dengue antibodies were detected with an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the dimer of domain III (ED3) of the DENV-1 envelope protein as well as commercial Panbio indirect and capture IgG ELISAs. Positive ELISA results were validated with a neutralization test. The overall seroprevalence was found to be 7.8% (28/358) with the in-house ELISA, whereas the commercial DENV indirect ELISA detected IgG antibodies in 8.9% of the individuals (32/358). The results of the foci reduction neutralization test confirmed DENV-1 imported from South America as the causative agent of the 2012 epidemic. Additionally, we found a higher seroprevalence in study participants with an age above 60 years old and probable secondary DENV infected individuals indicating unreported dengue circulation before or after 2012 on Madeira Island. Conclusions This study revealed that the number of infections might have been much higher than estimated from only confirmed cases in 2012/2013. These mainly DENV-1 immune individuals are not protected from a secondary DENV infection and the majority of the population of Madeira Island is still naïve for DENV. Surveillance of mosquitoes and arboviruses should be continued on Madeira Island as well as in other European areas where invasive vector mosquitoes are present. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3357-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ana de Jesus
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.,UEI Medical Parasitology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine of Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Seixas
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.,UEI Medical Parasitology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine of Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Nazareth
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.,UEI Medical Parasitology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine of Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokthearom Mao
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ana Clara Silva
- Departamento de Saúde, Planeamento e Administração Geral, Instituto de Administração da Saúde e Assuntos Sociais, IP-RAM, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.,Madeira Regional Government, Institute of Health and Social Affairs, Av. Zarco, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Richard Paul
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé UMR 2000, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Carla Alexandra Sousa
- GHTM-Global Health and Tropical Medicine, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.,UEI Medical Parasitology, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine of Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Stewart-Ibarra AM, Ryan SJ, Kenneson A, King CA, Abbott M, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Beltrán-Ayala E, Borbor-Cordova MJ, Cárdenas WB, Cueva C, Finkelstein JL, Lupone CD, Jarman RG, Maljkovic Berry I, Mehta S, Polhemus M, Silva M, Endy TP. The Burden of Dengue Fever and Chikungunya in Southern Coastal Ecuador: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Phylogenetics from the First Two Years of a Prospective Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1444-1459. [PMID: 29512482 PMCID: PMC5953373 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the findings from the first 2 years (2014-2015) of an arbovirus surveillance study conducted in Machala, Ecuador, a dengue-endemic region. Patients with suspected dengue virus (DENV) infections (index cases, N = 324) were referred from five Ministry of Health clinical sites. A subset of DENV-positive index cases (N = 44) were selected, and individuals from the index household and four neighboring homes within 200 m were recruited (N = 400). Individuals who entered the study, other than the index cases, are referred to as associates. In 2014, 70.9% of index cases and 35.6% of associates had acute or recent DENV infections. In 2015, 28.3% of index cases and 12.8% of associates had acute or recent DENV infections. For every DENV infection captured by passive surveillance, we detected an additional three acute or recent DENV infections in associates. Of associates with acute DENV infections, 68% reported dengue-like symptoms, with the highest prevalence of symptomatic acute infections in children aged less than 10 years. The first chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections were detected on epidemiological week 12 in 2015; 43.1% of index cases and 3.5% of associates had acute CHIKV infections. No Zika virus infections were detected. Phylogenetic analyses of isolates of DENV from 2014 revealed genetic relatedness and shared ancestry of DENV1, DENV2, and DENV4 genomes from Ecuador with those from Venezuela and Colombia, indicating the presence of viral flow between Ecuador and surrounding countries. Enhanced surveillance studies, such as this, provide high-resolution data on symptomatic and inapparent infections across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- College of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aileen Kenneson
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Christine A. King
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mark Abbott
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Arturo Barbachano-Guerrero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Efraín Beltrán-Ayala
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Mercy J. Borbor-Cordova
- Laboratorio para Investigaciónes Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Guayas Province, Ecuador
| | - Washington B. Cárdenas
- Laboratorio para Investigaciónes Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Guayas Province, Ecuador
| | - Cinthya Cueva
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | - Christina D. Lupone
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Richard G. Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Irina Maljkovic Berry
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Mark Polhemus
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mercy Silva
- Ministry of Health, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Timothy P. Endy
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Pollett S, Melendrez MC, Maljkovic Berry I, Duchêne S, Salje H, Cummings DAT, Jarman RG. Understanding dengue virus evolution to support epidemic surveillance and counter-measure development. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 62:279-295. [PMID: 29704626 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes a profound burden of morbidity and mortality, and its global burden is rising due to the co-circulation of four divergent DENV serotypes in the ecological context of globalization, travel, climate change, urbanization, and expansion of the geographic range of the Ae.aegypti and Ae.albopictus vectors. Understanding DENV evolution offers valuable opportunities to enhance surveillance and response to DENV epidemics via advances in RNA virus sequencing, bioinformatics, phylogenetic and other computational biology methods. Here we provide a scoping overview of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of DENV and the range of ways that evolutionary analyses can be applied as a public health tool against this arboviral pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pollett
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - M C Melendrez
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - I Maljkovic Berry
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - S Duchêne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Salje
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D A T Cummings
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - R G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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20
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Tan KK, Zulkifle NI, Sulaiman S, Pang SP, NorAmdan N, MatRahim N, Abd-Jamil J, Shu MH, Mahadi NM, AbuBakar S. Emergence of the Asian lineage dengue virus type 3 genotype III in Malaysia. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:58. [PMID: 29699483 PMCID: PMC5921268 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus type 3 genotype III (DENV3/III) is associated with increased number of severe infections when it emerged in the Americas and Asia. We had previously demonstrated that the DENV3/III was introduced into Malaysia in the late 2000s. We investigated the genetic diversity of DENV3/III strains recovered from Malaysia and examined their phylogenetic relationships against other DENV3/III strains isolated globally. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed at least four distinct DENV3/III lineages. Two of the lineages (DENV3/III-B and DENV3/III-C) are current actively circulating whereas the DENV3/III-A and DENV3/III-D were no longer recovered since the 1980s. Selection pressure analysis revealed strong evidence of positive selection on a number of amino acid sites in PrM, E, NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a, and NS5. The Malaysian DENV3/III isolates recovered in the 1980s (MY.59538/1987) clustered into DENV3/III-B, which was the lineage with cosmopolitan distribution consisting of strains actively circulating in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The Malaysian isolates recovered after the 2000s clustered within DENV3/III-C. This DENV3/III-C lineage displayed a more restricted geographical distribution and consisted of isolates recovered from Asia, denoted as the Asian lineage. Amino acid variation sites in NS5 (NS5–553I/M, NS5–629 T, and NS5–820E) differentiated the DENV3/III-C from other DENV3 viruses. The codon 629 of NS5 was identified as a positively selected site. While the NS5-698R was identified as unique to the genome of DENV3/III-C3. Phylogeographic results suggested that the recent Malaysian DENV3/III-C was likely to have been introduced from Singapore in 2008 and became endemic. From Malaysia, the virus subsequently spread into Taiwan and Thailand in the early part of the 2010s and later reintroduced into Singapore in 2013. Conclusions Distinct clustering of the Malaysian old and new DENV3/III isolates suggests that the currently circulating DENV3/III in Malaysia did not descend directly from the strains recovered during the 1980s. Phylogenetic analyses and common genetic traits in the genome of the strains and those from the neighboring countries suggest that the Malaysian DENV3/III is likely to have been introduced from the neighboring regions. Malaysia, however, serves as one of the sources of the recent regional spread of DENV3/III-C3 within the Asia region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1175-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Izzani Zulkifle
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syuhaida Sulaiman
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sui-Ping Pang
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - NurAsyura NorAmdan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - NorAziyah MatRahim
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juraina Abd-Jamil
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Hooi Shu
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Muhammad Mahadi
- Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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21
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Abstract
Within the last five years, the State of Texas has experienced either transmission or outbreaks of Ebola, chikungunya, West Nile, and Zika virus infections. Autochthonous transmission of neglected parasitic and bacterial diseases has also become increasingly reported. The rise of such emerging and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has not occurred by accident but instead reflects rapidly evolving changes and shifts in a “new” Texas beset by modern and globalizing forces that include rapid expansions in population together with urbanization and human migrations, altered transportation patterns, climate change, steeply declining vaccination rates, and a new paradigm of poverty known as “blue marble health.” Summarized here are the major NTDs now affecting Texas. In addition to the vector-borne viral diseases highlighted above, there also is a high level of parasitic infections, including Chagas disease, trichomoniasis, and possibly leishmaniasis and toxocariasis, as well as typhus-group rickettsiosis, a vector-borne bacterial infection. I also highlight some of the key shifts in emerging and neglected disease patterns, partly due to an altered and evolving economic and ecological landscape in the new Texas, and provide some preliminary disease burden estimates for the major prevalent and incident NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Hotez
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
- James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs, Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne acute viral infection that can develop into a potentially lethal complication known as severe dengue. It is endemic in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries where the mosquito vectors, predominantly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are found. Non-immune travellers are at risk of infection and with the rise in international travel and the availability of cheap holiday packages to endemic countries, many of which are popular tourist destinations, there has been a significant increase in spread of dengue viruses.
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23
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Ahmad S, Asif M, Talib R, Adeel M, Yasir M, Chaudary MH. Surveillance of intensity level and geographical spreading of dengue outbreak among males and females in Punjab, Pakistan: A case study of 2011. J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:472-485. [PMID: 29103928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is viral disease which spreads due to the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In recent years, it has affected around 40% population of the world. Its endemic flow has led to a large disease burden, in terms of human and financial resources. METHODS Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are normally used to develop epidemiological thematic maps. This study explores the patterns and hotspots, associated with the catastrophic outbreak of dengue, in Punjab, in 2011. The ArcView software was used to analyze the data reported by the district hospitals of Punjab. Twenty-one-thousand cases were reported from March to December 2011, with 300 causalities. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This research reveals that from among the total 37 epidemiological weeks, the maximum impact was observed between weeks 22 and 27. The geographical flow and hotspots associated with dengue have been shown through thematic maps. A positive correlation between the risk for dengue and age was observed. The findings of this research can help health officials and decision-makers alert the public about future outbreaks and take preventive measures to considerably reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ramzan Talib
- Department of Computer Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Department of Computer Science, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad H Chaudary
- Department of Computer Science, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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24
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Aubry M, Teissier Y, Mapotoeke M, Teissier A, Giard M, Musso D, Cao-Lormeau VM. High risk of dengue type 2 outbreak in French Polynesia, 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:30505. [PMID: 28422007 PMCID: PMC5388125 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.14.30505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In French Polynesia, the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1 to -4) have caused 14 epidemics since the mid-1940s. From the end of 2016, an increasing number of Pacific Island Countries and Territories have reported DENV-2 outbreaks and in February 2017, DENV-2 infection was detected in French Polynesia in three travellers from Vanuatu. As DENV-2 has not been circulating in French Polynesia since December 2000, there is high risk for an outbreak to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Aubry
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Yoann Teissier
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia.,ED 474, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mihiau Mapotoeke
- Direction de la Santé de la Polynésie française, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Anita Teissier
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Marine Giard
- Direction de la Santé de la Polynésie française, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Didier Musso
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
- James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs, The Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PJH); (KOM)
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PJH); (KOM)
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26
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Londono-Renteria B, Troupin A, Cardenas JC, Hall A, Perez OG, Cardenas L, Hartstone-Rose A, Halstead SB, Colpitts TM. A relevant in vitro human model for the study of Zika virus antibody-dependent enhancement. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1702-1712. [PMID: 28691657 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has recently been responsible for a serious outbreak of disease in South and Central America. Infection with ZIKV has been associated with severe neurological symptoms and the development of microcephaly in unborn fetuses. Many of the regions involved in the current outbreak are known to be endemic for another flavivirus, dengue virus (DENV), which indicates that a large percentage of the population may have pre-existing DENV immunity. Thus, it is vital to investigate what impact pre-existing DENV immunity has on ZIKV infection. Here, we use primary human myeloid cells as a model for ZIKV enhancement in the presence of DENV antibodies. We show that sera containing DENV antibodies from individuals living in a DENV-endemic area are able to enhance ZIKV infection in a human macrophage-derived cell line and primary human macrophages. We also demonstrate altered pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages with enhanced ZIKV infection. Our study indicates an important role for pre-existing DENV immunity on ZIKV infection in primary human immune cells and establishes a relevant in vitro model to study ZIKV antibody-dependent enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.,Present address: Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
| | - Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jenny C Cardenas
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Los Patios, Los Patios, Colombia, South America
| | - Alex Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Omar G Perez
- Grupo de Investigacion en Enfermedades Parasitarias (GIEPATI), Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia, South America
| | - Lucio Cardenas
- Grupo de Investigacion en Enfermedades Parasitarias (GIEPATI), Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia, South America
| | - Adam Hartstone-Rose
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Scott B Halstead
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.,Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA.,Present address: Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
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27
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Hall A, Troupin A, Londono-Renteria B, Colpitts TM. Garlic Organosulfur Compounds Reduce Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Dengue Virus Infection. Viruses 2017. [PMID: 28644404 PMCID: PMC5537651 DOI: 10.3390/v9070159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes significant global human disease and mortality. One approach to develop treatments for DENV infection and the prevention of severe disease is through investigation of natural medicines. Inflammation plays both beneficial and harmful roles during DENV infection. Studies have proposed that the oxidative stress response may be one mechanism responsible for triggering inflammation during DENV infection. Thus, blocking the oxidative stress response could reduce inflammation and the development of severe disease. Garlic has been shown to both reduce inflammation and affect the oxidative stress response. Here, we show that the garlic active compounds diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl sulfide (DAS) and alliin reduced inflammation during DENV infection and show that this reduction is due to the effects on the oxidative stress response. These results suggest that garlic could be used as an alternative treatment for DENV infection and for the prevention of severe disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
| | - Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
| | - Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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28
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Grubaugh ND, Ladner JT, Kraemer MUG, Dudas G, Tan AL, Gangavarapu K, Wiley MR, White S, Thézé J, Magnani DM, Prieto K, Reyes D, Bingham AM, Paul LM, Robles-Sikisaka R, Oliveira G, Pronty D, Barcellona CM, Metsky HC, Baniecki ML, Barnes KG, Chak B, Freije CA, Gladden-Young A, Gnirke A, Luo C, MacInnis B, Matranga CB, Park DJ, Qu J, Schaffner SF, Tomkins-Tinch C, West KL, Winnicki SM, Wohl S, Yozwiak NL, Quick J, Fauver JR, Khan K, Brent SE, Reiner RC, Lichtenberger PN, Ricciardi MJ, Bailey VK, Watkins DI, Cone MR, Kopp EW, Hogan KN, Cannons AC, Jean R, Monaghan AJ, Garry RF, Loman NJ, Faria NR, Porcelli MC, Vasquez C, Nagle ER, Cummings DAT, Stanek D, Rambaut A, Sanchez-Lockhart M, Sabeti PC, Gillis LD, Michael SF, Bedford T, Pybus OG, Isern S, Palacios G, Andersen KG. Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States. Nature 2017; 546:401-405. [PMID: 28538723 PMCID: PMC5536180 DOI: 10.1038/nature22400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is causing an unprecedented epidemic linked to severe congenital abnormalities. In July 2016, mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission was reported in the continental United States; since then, hundreds of locally acquired infections have been reported in Florida. To gain insights into the timing, source, and likely route(s) of ZIKV introduction, we tracked the virus from its first detection in Florida by sequencing ZIKV genomes from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We show that at least 4 introductions, but potentially as many as 40, contributed to the outbreak in Florida and that local transmission is likely to have started in the spring of 2016-several months before its initial detection. By analysing surveillance and genetic data, we show that ZIKV moved among transmission zones in Miami. Our analyses show that most introductions were linked to the Caribbean, a finding corroborated by the high incidence rates and traffic volumes from the region into the Miami area. Our study provides an understanding of how ZIKV initiates transmission in new regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jason T Ladner
- Center for Genome Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Moritz U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Gytis Dudas
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Amanda L Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, USA
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Michael R Wiley
- Center for Genome Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Stephen White
- Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Miami, Florida 33125, USA
| | - Julien Thézé
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Diogo M Magnani
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Karla Prieto
- Center for Genome Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Daniel Reyes
- Center for Genome Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Andrea M Bingham
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida 32399, USA
| | - Lauren M Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, USA
| | - Refugio Robles-Sikisaka
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Glenn Oliveira
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Darryl Pronty
- Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Miami, Florida 33125, USA
| | - Carolyn M Barcellona
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, USA
| | - Hayden C Metsky
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Mary Lynn Baniecki
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Kayla G Barnes
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Bridget Chak
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Catherine A Freije
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | - Andreas Gnirke
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Cynthia Luo
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Bronwyn MacInnis
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Park
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - James Qu
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Kendra L West
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Sarah M Winnicki
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Shirlee Wohl
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nathan L Yozwiak
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Joshua Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joseph R Fauver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Kamran Khan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shannon E Brent
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Robert C Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
| | - Paola N Lichtenberger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Michael J Ricciardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Varian K Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - David I Watkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Marshall R Cone
- Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Edgar W Kopp
- Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Kelly N Hogan
- Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Andrew C Cannons
- Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Reynald Jean
- Florida Department of Health in Miami-Dade County, Miami, Florida 33125, USA
| | - Andrew J Monaghan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Nicholas J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nuno R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | | | | | - Elyse R Nagle
- Center for Genome Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Danielle Stanek
- Bureau of Epidemiology, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, Florida 32399, USA
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart
- Center for Genome Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Leah D Gillis
- Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Miami, Florida 33125, USA
| | - Scott F Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Sharon Isern
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Center for Genome Sciences, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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29
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Holbrook MR. Historical Perspectives on Flavivirus Research. Viruses 2017; 9:E97. [PMID: 28468299 PMCID: PMC5454410 DOI: 10.3390/v9050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The flaviviruses are small single-stranded RNA viruses that are typically transmitted by mosquito or tick vectors. These "arboviruses" are found around the world and account for a significant number of cases of human disease. The flaviviruses cause diseases ranging from mild or sub-clinical infections to lethal hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis. In many cases, survivors of neurologic flavivirus infections suffer long-term debilitating sequelae. Much like the emergence of West Nile virus in the United States in 1999, the recent emergence of Zika virus in the Americas has significantly increased the awareness of mosquito-borne viruses. The diseases caused by several flaviviruses have been recognized for decades, if not centuries. However, there is still a lot that is unknown about the flaviviruses as the recent experience with Zika virus has taught us. The objective of this review is to provide a general overview and some historical perspective on several flaviviruses that cause significant human disease. In addition, available medical countermeasures and significant gaps in our understanding of flavivirus biology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Holbrook
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, 8200 Research Plaza, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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30
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Adam JK, Abeyta R, Smith B, Gaul L, Thomas DL, Han G, Sharp TM, Waterman SH, Tomashek KM. Clinician Survey to Determine Knowledge of Dengue and Clinical Management Practices, Texas, 2014. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:708-714. [PMID: 28138048 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, is increasingly being identified as a cause of outbreaks in the United States. During July-December 2013, a total of three south Texas counties reported 53 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases; 26 were locally acquired, constituting the largest outbreak in Texas since 2005. Because dengue outbreaks are expected to continue in south Texas and early case identification and timely treatment can reduce mortality, we sought to determine clinicians' knowledge of dengue and its clinical management. A survey was sent to 2,375 south Texas clinicians; 217 (9%) completed the survey. Approximately half of participants demonstrated knowledge needed to identify dengue cases, including symptoms (56%), early indicators of shock (54%), or timing of thrombocytopenia (48%). Fewer than 20% correctly identified all prevention messages, severe dengue warning signs, or circumstances in which a dengue patient should return for care. Knowledge of clinical management was limited; few participants correctly identified scenarios when plasma leakage occurred (10%) or a crystalloid solution was indicated (7%); however, 45% correctly identified when a blood transfusion was indicated. Because of the ongoing threat of dengue, we recommend clinicians in south Texas receive dengue clinical management training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Adam
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roman Abeyta
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Harlingen, Texas
| | - Brian Smith
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Harlingen, Texas
| | - Linda Gaul
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas
| | - Dana L Thomas
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - George Han
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tyler M Sharp
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen H Waterman
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kay M Tomashek
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
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Butterworth MK, Morin CW, Comrie AC. An Analysis of the Potential Impact of Climate Change on Dengue Transmission in the Southeastern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:579-585. [PMID: 27713106 PMCID: PMC5381975 DOI: 10.1289/ehp218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever, caused by a mosquito-transmitted virus, is an increasing health concern in the Americas. Meteorological variables such as temperature and precipitation can affect disease distribution and abundance through biophysical impacts on the vector and on the virus. Such tightly coupled links may facilitate further spread of dengue fever under a changing climate. In the southeastern United States, the dengue vector is widely established and exists on the current fringe of dengue transmission. OBJECTIVES We assessed projected climate change-driven shifts in dengue transmission risk in this region. METHODS We used a dynamic mosquito population and virus transmission model driven by meteorological data to simulate Aedes aegypti populations and dengue cases in 23 locations in the southeastern United States under current climate conditions and future climate projections. We compared estimates for each location with simulations based on observed data from San Juan, Puerto Rico, where dengue is endemic. RESULTS Our simulations based on current climate data suggest that dengue transmission at levels similar to those in San Juan is possible at several U.S. locations during the summer months, particularly in southern Florida and Texas. Simulations that include climate change projections suggest that conditions may become suitable for virus transmission in a larger number of locations and for a longer period of time during each year. However, in contrast with San Juan, U.S. locations would not sustain year-round dengue transmission according to our model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Dengue virus (DENV) transmission is limited by low winter temperatures in the mainland United States, which are likely to prevent its permanent establishment. Although future climate conditions may increase the length of the mosquito season in many locations, projected increases in dengue transmission are limited to the southernmost locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda K. Butterworth
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, USA
- Address correspondence to M.K. Butterworth, Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Willamette University, 900 State St., Salem, OR 97301 USA. Telephone: (503) 370-6752. E-mail:
| | - Cory W. Morin
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew C. Comrie
- School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Hart CE, Roundy CM, Azar SR, Huang JH, Yun R, Reynolds E, Leal G, Nava MR, Vela J, Stark PM, Debboun M, Rossi S, Vasilakis N, Thangamani S, Weaver SC. Zika Virus Vector Competency of Mosquitoes, Gulf Coast, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:559-560. [PMID: 28005002 PMCID: PMC5382747 DOI: 10.3201/eid2303.161636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus has recently spread throughout the Americas. Although Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are considered the primary vector, Culex quinquefasciatus and mosquitoes of other species may also be vectors. We tested Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. taeniorhynchus mosquitoes from the US Gulf Coast; both were refractory to infection and incapable of transmission.
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Troupin A, Shirley D, Londono-Renteria B, Watson AM, McHale C, Hall A, Hartstone-Rose A, Klimstra WB, Gomez G, Colpitts TM. A Role for Human Skin Mast Cells in Dengue Virus Infection and Systemic Spread. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4382-4391. [PMID: 27799312 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes serious global human disease and mortality. Skin immune cells are an important component of initial DENV infection and systemic spread. Here, we show that mast cells are a target of DENV in human skin and that DENV infection of skin mast cells induces degranulation and alters cytokine and growth factor expression profiles. Importantly, to our knowledge, we also demonstrate for the first time that DENV localizes within secretory granules in infected skin mast cells. In addition, DENV within extracellular granules was infectious in vitro and in vivo, trafficking through lymph to draining lymph nodes in mice. We demonstrate an important role for human skin mast cells in DENV infection and identify a novel mechanism for systemic spread of DENV infection from the initial peripheral mosquito injection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Devon Shirley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Alan M Watson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; and
| | - Cody McHale
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Alex Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Adam Hartstone-Rose
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - William B Klimstra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; and
| | - Gregorio Gomez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209;
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Dengue fever virus in Pakistan: effects of seasonal pattern and temperature change on distribution of vector and virus. Rev Med Virol 2016; 27. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Vanlandingham DL, Higgs S, Huang YJS. Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Mosquito-Borne Viruses in the United States. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1024-1028. [PMID: 27113107 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is a highly invasive species that continues to expand its geographic distribution both in the United States and in countries on other continents. Studies have demonstrated its susceptibility to infection with at least 32 viruses, including 13 that are present in the United States. Despite this susceptibility, its role as a significant competent vector in natural transmission cycles of arboviruses, has been limited. However, with the recent introductions of chikungunya and Zika viruses into the Americas, for which Ae. albopictus is a recognized vector, it is possible that the species may contribute to the transmission of these viruses to humans and perhaps other susceptible vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Vanlandingham
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (; ; )
| | - Stephen Higgs
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (; ; ) Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Yan-Jang S Huang
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (; ; ) Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Dengue Sentinel Traveler Surveillance: Monthly and Yearly Notification Trends among Japanese Travelers, 2006-2014. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004924. [PMID: 27540724 PMCID: PMC4991785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is becoming an increasing threat to non-endemic countries. In Japan, the reported number of imported cases has been rising, and the first domestic dengue outbreak in nearly 70 years was confirmed in 2014, highlighting the need for greater situational awareness and better-informed risk assessment. Methods Using national disease surveillance data and publically available traveler statistics, we compared monthly and yearly trends in the destination country-specific dengue notification rate per 100,000 Japanese travelers with those of domestic dengue cases in the respective country visited during 2006–2014. Comparisons were made for countries accounting for the majority of importations; yearly comparisons were restricted to countries where respective national surveillance data were publicly available. Results There were 1007 imported Japanese dengue cases (Bali, Indonesia (n = 202), the Philippines (n = 230), Thailand (n = 160), and India (n = 152)). Consistent with historic local dengue seasonality, monthly notification rate among travelers peaked in August in Thailand, September in the Philippines, and in Bali during April with a smaller peak in August. While the number of travelers to Bali was greatest in August, the notification rate was highest in April. Annually, trends in the notification rate among travelers to the Philippines and Thailand also closely reflected local notification trends. Conclusion Travelers to dengue-endemic countries appear to serve as reliable “sentinels”, with the trends in estimated risk of dengue infection among Japanese travelers closely reflecting local dengue trends, both seasonally and annually. Sentinel traveler surveillance can contribute to evidence-based pretravel advice, and help inform risk assessments and decision-making for importation and potentially for subsequent secondary transmission. As our approach takes advantage of traveler data that are readily available as a proxy denominator, sentinel traveler surveillance can be a practical surveillance tool that other countries could consider for implementation. With increasing globalization, the threat of dengue is rising in areas that were previously unaffected. Japan has been experiencing a rise in notifications of imported cases, and in 2014 confirmed the first domestic outbreak in nearly 70 years. Such events prompted the country to more actively utilize existing imported dengue case data among travelers to inform situational awareness, risk assessment, and evidence-based decision-making. Using both national disease surveillance data and publically available traveler statistics, we compared monthly and yearly trends between reported numbers of dengue cases among Japanese travelers and those of domestic dengue cases in the countries visited. By using the number of Japanese travelers to a dengue-endemic country as an approximate denominator, we estimated the risk of dengue infection among travelers to the country. This method is more appropriate than simply monitoring the number of reported imported cases because it accounts for fluctuating numbers of travelers, such as during vacation periods. This study demonstrated that the trends in dengue notifications among travelers were consistent with local dengue trends, both yearly and seasonally. Our simple approach, which takes advantage of existing data, may be readily adopted elsewhere to help inform risk of importation and potential subsequent domestic transmission.
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the genus Flavivirus and the family Flaviviridae. ZIKV was first isolated from a nonhuman primate in 1947 and from mosquitoes in 1948 in Africa, and ZIKV infections in humans were sporadic for half a century before emerging in the Pacific and the Americas. ZIKV is usually transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The clinical presentation of Zika fever is nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as other infectious diseases, especially those due to arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya. ZIKV infection was associated with only mild illness prior to the large French Polynesian outbreak in 2013 and 2014, when severe neurological complications were reported, and the emergence in Brazil of a dramatic increase in severe congenital malformations (microcephaly) suspected to be associated with ZIKV. Laboratory diagnosis of Zika fever relies on virus isolation or detection of ZIKV-specific RNA. Serological diagnosis is complicated by cross-reactivity among members of the Flavivirus genus. The adaptation of ZIKV to an urban cycle involving humans and domestic mosquito vectors in tropical areas where dengue is endemic suggests that the incidence of ZIKV infections may be underestimated. There is a high potential for ZIKV emergence in urban centers in the tropics that are infested with competent mosquito vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Musso
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Duane J Gubler
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Partnership for Dengue Control, Lyon, France
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Abstract
The United States Gulf Coast's current risk to Zika transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can be traced back to some important federal health policy decisions made during the 1960s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Hotez
- Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Misslin R, Telle O, Daudé E, Vaguet A, Paul RE. Urban climate versus global climate change-what makes the difference for dengue? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1382:56-72. [PMID: 27197685 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The expansion in the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases is a much emphasized consequence of climate change, as are the consequences of urbanization for diseases that are already endemic, which may be even more important for public health. In this paper, we focus on dengue, the most widespread urban vector-borne disease. Largely urban with a tropical/subtropical distribution and vectored by a domesticated mosquito, Aedes aegypti, dengue poses a serious public health threat. Temperature plays a determinant role in dengue epidemic potential, affecting crucial parts of the mosquito and viral life cycles. The urban predilection of the mosquito species will further exacerbate the impact of global temperature change because of the urban heat island effect. Even within a city, temperatures can vary by 10 °C according to urban land use, and diurnal temperature range (DTR) can be even greater. DTR has been shown to contribute significantly to dengue epidemic potential. Unraveling the importance of within-city temperature is as important for dengue as for the negative health consequences of high temperatures that have thus far been emphasized, for example, pollution and heat stroke. Urban and landscape planning designed to mitigate the non-infectious negative effects of temperature should additionally focus on dengue, which is currently spreading worldwide with no signs of respite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Misslin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6266 IDEES, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Telle
- Centre des Sciences Humaines, UMIFRE 20 CNRS-MAE, Delhi, India.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8504 Geographie-cités, Paris, France
| | - Eric Daudé
- Centre des Sciences Humaines, UMIFRE 20 CNRS-MAE, Delhi, India
| | - Alain Vaguet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6266 IDEES, Rouen, France
| | - Richard E Paul
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de la Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
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40
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Solbrig MV, Perng GC. Current neurological observations and complications of dengue virus infection. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 15:29. [PMID: 25877545 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue, a mosquito-borne flavivirus and fastest growing tropical disease in the world, has experienced an explosion of neurologic case reports and series in recent years. Now dengue is a frequent or leading cause of encephalitis in some endemic regions, is estimated to infect one in six tourists returning from the tropics, and has been proven to have local transmission within the continental USA. High documentation of neurologic disease in recent years reflects increases in overall cases, enhanced clinical awareness and advances in diagnostics. Neurological aspects of dengue virus, along with epidemiology, treatment, and vaccine progress, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylou V Solbrig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall Rm 5040, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA,
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Dengue and chikungunya: modelling the expansion of mosquito-borne viruses into naïve populations. Parasitology 2016; 143:860-873. [PMID: 27045211 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the recent global spread of a number of mosquito-borne viruses, there is an urgent need to understand the factors that contribute to the ability of viruses to expand into naïve populations. Using dengue and chikungunya viruses as case studies, we detail the necessary components of the expansion process: presence of the mosquito vector; introduction of the virus; and suitable conditions for local transmission. For each component we review the existing modelling approaches that have been used to understand recent emergence events or to assess the risk of future expansions. We identify gaps in our knowledge that are related to each of the distinct aspects of the human-mosquito transmission cycle: mosquito ecology; human-mosquito contact; mosquito-virus interactions; and human-virus interactions. Bridging these gaps poses challenges to both modellers and empiricists, but only through further integration of models and data will we improve our ability to better understand, and ultimately control, several infectious diseases that exert a significant burden on human health.
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Silveira GF, Strottmann DM, de Borba L, Mansur DS, Zanchin NIT, Bordignon J, dos Santos CND. Single point mutations in the helicase domain of the NS3 protein enhance dengue virus replicative capacity in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and circumvent the type I interferon response. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:114-28. [PMID: 26340409 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide. The outcome of the infection is determined by the interplay of viral and host factors. In the present study, we evaluated the cellular response of human monocyte-derived DCs (mdDCs) infected with recombinant dengue virus type 1 (DV1) strains carrying a single point mutation in the NS3hel protein (L435S or L480S). Both mutated viruses infect and replicate more efficiently and produce more viral progeny in infected mdDCs compared with the parental, non-mutated virus (vBACDV1). Additionally, global gene expression analysis using cDNA microarrays revealed that the mutated DVs induce the up-regulation of the interferon (IFN) signalling and pattern recognition receptor (PRR) canonical pathways in mdDCs. Pronounced production of type I IFN were detected specifically in mdDCs infected with DV1-NS3hel-mutated virus compared with mdDCs infected with the parental virus. In addition, we showed that the type I IFN produced by mdDCs is able to reduce DV1 infection rates, suggesting that cytokine function is effective but not sufficient to mediate viral clearance of DV1-NS3hel-mutated strains. Our results demonstrate that single point mutations in subdomain 2 have important implications for adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of DV1-NS3hel. Although a direct functional connection between the increased ATPase activity and viral replication still requires further studies, these mutations speed up viral RNA replication and are sufficient to enhance viral replicative capacity in human primary cell infection and circumvent type I IFN activity. This information may have particular relevance for attenuated vaccine protocols designed for DV.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Silveira
- Laboratório De Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - D M Strottmann
- Laboratório De Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - L de Borba
- Laboratório De Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - D S Mansur
- Laboratório De Imunobiologia, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - N I T Zanchin
- Laboratório De Proteômica E Engenharia De Proteínas, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - J Bordignon
- Laboratório De Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba, Brasil
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George SL, Wong MA, Dube TJT, Boroughs KL, Stovall JL, Luy BE, Haller AA, Osorio JE, Eggemeyer LM, Irby-Moore S, Frey SE, Huang CYH, Stinchcomb DT. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Live Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate in Flavivirus-Naive Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Phase 1 Clinical Trial. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1032-41. [PMID: 25791116 PMCID: PMC4559193 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue viruses (DENVs) infect >300 million people annually, causing 96 million cases of dengue disease and 22 000 deaths [1]. A safe vaccine that protects against DENV disease is a global health priority [2]. METHODS We enrolled 72 flavivirus-naive healthy adults in a phase 1 double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled dose-escalation trial (low and high dose) of a live attenuated recombinant tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TDV) given in 2 doses 90 days apart. Volunteers were followed for safety, vaccine component viremia, and development of neutralizing antibodies to the 4 DENV serotypes. RESULTS The majority of adverse events were mild, with no vaccine-related serious adverse events. Vaccinees reported injection site pain (52% vs 17%) and erythema (73% vs 25%) more frequently than placebo recipients. Low levels of TDV-serotype 2 (TDV-2), TDV-3, and TDV-4 viremia were observed after the first but not second administration of vaccine. Overall seroconversion rates and geometric mean neutralization titers after 2 doses were 84.2% and 54.1, respectively, for DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1); 92.1% and 292.8, respectively, for DENV-2; 86.8% and 32.3, respectively, for DENV-3; and 71.1% and 15.0, respectively, for DENV-4. More than 90.0% of high-dose recipients had trivalent or broader responses. CONCLUSIONS TDV was generally well tolerated, induced trivalent or broader neutralizing antibodies to DENV in most flavivirus-naive vaccinees, and is undergoing further development. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01110551.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
- St. Louis Veterans Administration Medical Center, Missouri
| | | | | | - Karen L. Boroughs
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Janae L. Stovall
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Betty E. Luy
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Aurelia A. Haller
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - Linda M. Eggemeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Sharon Irby-Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Sharon E. Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Claire Y.-H. Huang
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Noden BH, Coburn L, Wright R, Bradley K. Updated Distribution of Aedes albopictus in Oklahoma, and Implications in Arbovirus Transmission. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2015; 31:93-96. [PMID: 25843181 DOI: 10.2987/14-6446r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of statewide surveys were conducted in Oklahoma in the summers between 1991 and 2004 to identify the distribution of Aedes albopictus. Adult mosquitoes were identified in 63 counties, bringing the currently known distribution of Ae. albopictus in the state to 69 of 77 counties. The widespread presence of Ae. albopictus in Oklahoma has important current and future public and veterinary health implications for surveillance and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H Noden
- 1 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74075
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High-throughput multiplexed xMAP Luminex array panel for detection of twenty two medically important mosquito-borne arboviruses based on innovations in synthetic biology. J Virol Methods 2015; 214:60-74. [PMID: 25680538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviruses are emerging world-wide as important human and animal pathogens. This makes assays for their accurate and rapid identification essential for public health, epidemiological, ecological studies. Over the past decade, many mono- and multiplexed assays targeting arboviruses nucleic acids have been reported. None has become established for the routine identification of multiple viruses in a "single tube" setting. With increasing multiplexing, the detection of viral RNAs is complicated by noise, false positives and negatives. In this study, an assay was developed that avoids these problems by combining two new kinds of nucleic acids emerging from the field of synthetic biology. The first is a "self-avoiding molecular recognition system" (SAMRS), which enables high levels of multiplexing. The second is an "artificially expanded genetic information system" (AEGIS), which enables clean PCR amplification in nested PCR formats. A conversion technology was used to place AEGIS component into amplicon, improving their efficiency of hybridization on Luminex beads. When Luminex "liquid microarrays" are exploited for downstream detection, this combination supports single-tube PCR amplification assays that can identify 22 mosquito-borne RNA viruses from the genera Flavivirus, Alphavirus, Orthobunyavirus. The assay differentiates between closely-related viruses, as dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and the California serological group. The performance and the sensitivity of the assay were evaluated with dengue viruses and infected mosquitoes; as few as 6-10 dengue virions can be detected in a single mosquito.
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Alto BW, Smartt CT, Shin D, Bettinardi D, Malicoate J, Anderson SL, Richards SL. Susceptibility of Florida Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to dengue viruses from Puerto Rico. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2014; 39:406-13. [PMID: 25424270 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Locally acquired dengue cases in the continental U.S. are rare. However, outbreaks of dengue-1 during 2009, 2010, and 2013 in Florida and dengue-1 and -2 in Texas suggest vulnerability to transmission. Travel and commerce between Puerto Rico and the U.S. mainland is common, which may pose a risk for traveler-imported dengue cases. Mosquitoes were collected in Florida and used to evaluate their susceptibility to dengue viruses (DENV) from Puerto Rico. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were susceptible to virus infection with DENV-1 and -2. No significant differences were observed in rates of midgut infection or dissemination between Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus for DENV-1 (6-14%). Aedes aegypti was significantly more susceptible to midgut infection with DENV-2 than Ae. albopictus (Ae. aegypti, ∼28%; Ae. albopictus, ∼9%). The dissemination rate with dengue-2 virus for Ae. aegypti (23%) was greater than Ae. albopictus (0%), suggesting that Ae. albopictus is not likely to be an important transmitter of the DENV-2 isolate from Puerto Rico. These results are discussed in light of Florida's vulnerability to DENV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Alto
- University of Florida, IFAS, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL 32962, U.S.A..
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Huang YJS, Higgs S, Horne KM, Vanlandingham DL. Flavivirus-mosquito interactions. Viruses 2014; 6:4703-30. [PMID: 25421894 PMCID: PMC4246245 DOI: 10.3390/v6114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus is in the family Flaviviridae and is comprised of more than 70 viruses. These viruses have a broad geographic range, circulating on every continent except Antarctica. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as yellow fever virus, dengue virus serotypes 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality in affected regions. This review focuses on what is known about flavivirus-mosquito interactions and presents key data collected from the field and laboratory-based molecular and ultrastructural evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jang S Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Stephen Higgs
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Kate McElroy Horne
- Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Dana L Vanlandingham
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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49
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Waterman SH, Margolis HS, Sejvar JJ. Surveillance for dengue and dengue-associated neurologic syndromes in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 92:996-8. [PMID: 25371183 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autochthonous dengue virus transmission has occurred in the continental United States with increased frequency during the last decade; the principal vector, Aedes aegypti, has expanded its geographic distribution in the southern United States. Dengue, a potentially fatal arboviral disease, is underreported, and US clinicians encountering patients with acute febrile illness consistent with dengue are likely to not be fully familiar with dengue diagnosis and management. Recently, investigators suggested that an outbreak of dengue likely occurred in Houston during 2003 based on retrospective laboratory testing of hospitalized cases with encephalitis and aseptic meningitis. Although certain aspects of the Houston testing results and argument for local transmission are doubtful, the report highlights the importance of prospective surveillance for dengue in Aedes-infested areas of the United States, the need for clinical training on dengue and its severe manifestations, and the need for laboratory testing in domestic patients presenting with febrile neurologic illness in these regions to include dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Waterman
- United States-Mexico Unit, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Diego, California; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Harold S Margolis
- United States-Mexico Unit, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Diego, California; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James J Sejvar
- United States-Mexico Unit, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Diego, California; Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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50
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Fredericks AC, Fernandez-Sesma A. The burden of dengue and chikungunya worldwide: implications for the southern United States and California. Ann Glob Health 2014; 80:466-75. [PMID: 25960096 PMCID: PMC4427842 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) spreads to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito and is a growing public health threat to both industrialized and developing nations worldwide. Outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the United States occurred extensively in the past but over the past 3 decades have again taken place in Florida, Hawaii, and Texas as well as in American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. As the Aedes vectors spread worldwide it is anticipated that DENV as well as other viruses also transmitted by these vectors, such as Chikungunya virus (CHKV), will invade new areas of the world, including the United States. OBJECTIVES In this review, we describe the current burden of dengue disease worldwide and the potential introduction of DENV and CHKV into different areas of the United States. Of these areas, the state of California saw the arrival and spread of the Aedes aegypti vector beginning in 2013. This invasion presents a developing situation when considering the state's number of imported dengue cases and proximity to northern Mexico as well as the rising specter of chikungunya in the Western hemisphere. FINDINGS In light of the recent arrival of Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors to California, there is now a small but appreciable risk for endemic transmission of dengue and chikungunya within the State. It is likely, however, that if DENV or CHKV were to become endemic that the public health situation would be similar to that currently found along the Texas-Mexico border. The distribution of Aedes vectors in California as well as a discussion of several factors contributing to the risk for dengue importation are discussed and evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Dengue and chikungunya viruses present real risks to states where the Aedes vector is now established. Scientists, physicians, and public health authorities should familiarize themselves with these risks and prepare appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Fredericks
- Department of Microbiology and The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology and The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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