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Rio P, Caldarelli M, Chiantore M, Ocarino F, Candelli M, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G, Cianci R. Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:526. [PMID: 38534370 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines has played a crucial role in preventing infections and treating chronic and non-communicable diseases, respectively. For a long time, the influence of sex differences on modifying health and disease has not been addressed in clinical and preclinical studies. The interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors plays a role in the sex-related differences in the epidemiology of diseases, clinical manifestations, and the response to treatment. Moreover, sex is one of the leading factors influencing the gut microbiota composition, which could further explain the different predisposition to diseases in men and women. In the same way, differences between sexes occur also in the immune response to vaccines. This narrative review aims to highlight these differences, focusing on the immune response to vaccines. Comparative data about immune responses, vaccine effectiveness, and side effects are reviewed. Hence, the intricate interplay between sex, immunity, and the gut microbiota will be discussed for its potential role in the response to vaccination. Embracing a sex-oriented perspective in research may improve the efficacy of the immune response and allow the design of tailored vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Rio
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Caldarelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Chiantore
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ocarino
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Alawam AS, Alwethaynani MS. Construction of an aerolysin-based multi-epitope vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila: an in silico machine learning and artificial intelligence-supported approach. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369890. [PMID: 38495891 PMCID: PMC10940347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium, can cause various infections in humans, including septic arthritis, diarrhea (traveler's diarrhea), gastroenteritis, skin and wound infections, meningitis, fulminating septicemia, enterocolitis, peritonitis, and endocarditis. It frequently occurs in aquatic environments and readily contacts humans, leading to high infection rates. This bacterium has exhibited resistance to numerous commercial antibiotics, and no vaccine has yet been developed. Aiming to combat the alarmingly high infection rate, this study utilizes in silico techniques to design a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) candidate against this bacterium based on its aerolysin toxin, which is the most toxic and highly conserved virulence factor among the Aeromonas species. After retrieval, aerolysin was processed for B-cell and T-cell epitope mapping. Once filtered for toxicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, and solubility, the chosen epitopes were combined with an adjuvant and specific linkers to create a vaccine construct. These linkers and the adjuvant enhance the MEV's ability to elicit robust immune responses. Analyses of the predicted and improved vaccine structure revealed that 75.5%, 19.8%, and 1.3% of its amino acids occupy the most favored, additional allowed, and generously allowed regions, respectively, while its ERRAT score reached nearly 70%. Docking simulations showed the MEV exhibiting the highest interaction and binding energies (-1,023.4 kcal/mol, -923.2 kcal/mol, and -988.3 kcal/mol) with TLR-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II receptors. Further molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the docked complexes' remarkable stability and maximum interactions, i.e., uniform RMSD, fluctuated RMSF, and lowest binding net energy. In silico models also predict the vaccine will stimulate a variety of immunological pathways following administration. These analyses suggest the vaccine's efficacy in inducing robust immune responses against A. hydrophila. With high solubility and no predicted allergic responses or toxicity, it appears safe for administration in both healthy and A. hydrophila-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher S. Alwethaynani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
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Roh T, Regan AK, Johnson NM, Hasan NT, Trisha NF, Aggarwal A, Han D. Association of arsenic exposure with measles antibody titers in US children: Influence of sex and serum folate levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108329. [PMID: 38071850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic during childhood is associated with various adverse health conditions. However, little is known about the effect of arsenic exposure on vaccine-related humoral immunity in children. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004 and 2009-2010) to study the relationship between urinary arsenic and measles antibody levels in 476 US children aged 6-11. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association, adjusting for cycle, age, race, body mass index (BMI), serum cotinine, poverty index ratio, and vitamin B12 and selenium intakes. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex and serum folate levels using the median as cutoff (18.7 ng/mL). The measles antibody concentrations in the 3rd and 4th quartiles were found to have significantly decreased by 28.5 % (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) -47.6, -2.28) and 36.8 % (95 % CI -50.2, -19.5), compared to the lowest quartile among boys with serum folate levels lower than 18.7 ng/ml. The serum measles antibody titers significantly decreased by 16.7 % (95 %CI -25.0, -7.61) for each doubling of creatinine-corrected urinary total inorganic arsenic concentrations in the same group. No associations were found in boys with high serum folate levels or in girls. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and develop interventions to protect children from infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Roh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Annette K Regan
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Natalie M Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nishat Tasnim Hasan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nusrat Fahmida Trisha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anisha Aggarwal
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daikwon Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Dunn SE, Perry WA, Klein SL. Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:37-55. [PMID: 37993681 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex differences refer to differences between males and females caused by the sex chromosome complement (that is, XY or XX), reproductive tissues (that is, the presence of testes or ovaries), and concentrations of sex steroids (that is, testosterone or oestrogens and progesterone). Although these sex differences are binary for most human individuals and mice, transgender individuals receiving hormone therapy, individuals with genetic syndromes (for example, Klinefelter and Turner syndromes) and people with disorders of sexual development reflect the diversity in sex-based biology. The broad distribution of sex steroid hormone receptors across diverse cell types and the differential expression of X-linked and autosomal genes means that sex is a biological variable that can affect the function of all physiological systems, including the immune system. Sex differences in immune cell function and immune responses to foreign and self antigens affect the development and outcome of diverse diseases and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Dunn
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Whitney A Perry
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Almanaa TN. Design of a novel multi-epitopes vaccine against Escherichia fergusonii: a pan-proteome based in- silico approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1332378. [PMID: 38143752 PMCID: PMC10739491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia fergusonii a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium in the Enterobacteriaceae family, infect humans, causing serious illnesses such as urinary tract infection, cystitis, biliary tract infection, pneumonia, meningitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and death. Initially treatable with penicillin, antibiotic misuse led to evolving resistance, including resistance to colistin, a last-resort drug. With no licensed vaccine, the study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine against E. fergusonii. The study started with the retrieval of the complete proteome of all known strains and proceeded to filter the surface exposed virulent proteins. Seventeen virulent proteins (4 extracellular, 4 outer membranes, 9 periplasmic) with desirable physicochemical properties were identified from the complete proteome of known strains. Further, these proteins were processed for B-cell and T-cell epitope mapping. Obtained epitopes were evaluated for antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, MHC-binding, and toxicity and the filtered epitopes were fused by specific linkers and an adjuvant into a vaccine construct. Structure of the vaccine candidate was predicted and refined resulting in 78.1% amino acids in allowed regions and VERIFY3D score of 81%. Vaccine construct was docked with TLR-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II, showing binding energies of -1040.8 kcal/mol, -871.4 kcal/mol, and -1154.6 kcal/mol and maximum interactions. Further, molecular dynamic simulation of the docked complexes was carried out resulting in a significant stable nature of the docked complexes (high B-factor and deformability values, lower Eigen and high variance values) in terms of intermolecular binding conformation and interactions. The vaccine was also reported to stimulate a variety of immunological pathways after administration. In short, the designed vaccine revealed promising predictions about its immune protective potential against E. fergusonii infections however experimental validation is needed to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alsubaiyel AM, Bukhari SI. Computational exploration and design of a multi-epitopes vaccine construct against Chlamydia psittaci. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37897717 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2268173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is an intracellular pathogen and causes variety of deadly infections in humans. Antibiotics are effective against C. psittaci however high percentage of resistant strains have been reported in recent times. As there is no licensed vaccine, we used in-silico techniques to design a multi-epitopes vaccine against C. psittaci. Following a step-wise protocol, the proteome of available 26 strains was retrieved and filtered for subcellular localized proteins. Five proteins were selected (2 extracellular and 3 outer membrane) and were further analyzed for B-cell and T-cell epitopes prediction. Epitopes were further checked for antigenicity, solubility, stability, toxigenicity, allergenicity, and adhesive properties. Filtered epitopes were linked via linkers and the 3D structure of the designed vaccine construct was predicted. Binding of the designed vaccine with immune receptors: MHC-I, MHC-II, and TLR-4 was analyzed, which resulted in docking energy scores of -4.37 kcal/mol, -0.20 kcal/mol and -22.38 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, the docked complexes showed stable dynamics with a maximum value of vaccine-MHC-I complex (7.8 Å), vaccine-MHC-II complex (6.2 Å) and vaccine-TLR4 complex (5.2 Å). As per the results, the designed vaccine construct reported robust immune responses to protect the host against C. psittaci infections. In the study, the C. psittaci proteomes were considered in pan-genome analysis to extract core proteins. The pan-genome analysis was conducted using bacterial pan-genome analysis (BPGA) software. The core proteins were checked further for non-redundant proteins using a CD-Hit server. Surface localized proteins were investigated using PSORTb v 3.0. The surface proteins were BLASTp against Virulence Factor Data Base (VFDB) to predict virulent factors. Antigenicity prediction of the shortlisted proteins was further done using VAXIGEN v 2.0. The epitope mapping was done using the immune epitope database (IEDB). A multi-epitopes vaccine was built and a 3D structure was generated using 3Dprot online server. The docking analysis of the designed vaccine with immune receptors was carried out using PATCHDOCK. Molecular dynamics and post-simulation analyses were carried out using AMBER v20 to decipher the dynamics stability and intermolecular binding energies of the docked complexes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Alsubaiyel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah I Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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St Clair LA, Chaulagain S, Klein SL, Benn CS, Flanagan KL. Sex-Differential and Non-specific Effects of Vaccines Over the Life Course. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:225-251. [PMID: 37695431 PMCID: PMC10917449 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex and age have profound effects on immune responses throughout the lifespan and impact vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. Mounting evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and animal model studies show that males and females respond differentially to vaccination throughout the lifespan. Within age groups, females tend to produce greater vaccine-induced immune responses than males, with sex differences apparent across all age groups, but are most pronounced among reproductive aged individuals. Females report more adverse effects following vaccination than males. Females, especially among children under 5 years of age, also experience more non-specific effects of vaccination. Despite these known sex- and age-specific differences in vaccine-induced immune responses and outcomes, sex and age are often ignored in vaccine research. Herein, we review the known sex differences in the immunogenicity, effectiveness, reactogenicity, and non-specific effects of vaccination over the lifespan. Ways in which these data can be leveraged to improve vaccine research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A St Clair
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabal Chaulagain
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- Institute of Clinical Research and Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia.
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Quach HQ, Chen J, Monroe JM, Ratishvili T, Warner ND, Grill DE, Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. The Influence of Sex, Body Mass Index, and Age on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Against Measles After a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:141-150. [PMID: 35994504 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR3) is recommended in mumps outbreak scenarios, but the immune response and the need for widespread use of MMR3 remain uncertain. Herein, we characterized measles-specific immune responses to MMR3 in a cohort of 232 healthy subjects. METHODS Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sampled at day 0 and day 28 after MMR3. Measles-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies were quantified in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a microneutralization assay, respectively. PBMCs were stimulated with inactivated measles virus, and the release of cytokines/chemokines was assessed by a multiplex assay. Demographic variables of subjects were examined for potential correlations with immune outcomes. RESULTS Of the study participants, 95.69% and 100% were seropositive at day 0 and day 28, respectively. Antibody avidity significantly increased from 38.08% at day 0 to 42.8% at day 28 (P = .00026). Neutralizing antibodies were significantly enhanced, from 928.7 at day 0 to 1289.64 mIU/mL at day 28 (P = .0001). Meanwhile, cytokine/chemokine responses remained largely unchanged. Body mass index was significantly correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. CONCLUSIONS Measles-specific humoral immune responses, but not cellular responses, were enhanced after MMR3 receipt, extending current understanding of immune responses to MMR3 and supporting MMR3 administration to seronegative or high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Quang Quach
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathon M Monroe
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamar Ratishvili
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diane E Grill
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Iana H Haralambieva
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Yang W, Zhang D, Li Z, Zhang K. Predictors of poor serologic response to COVID-19 vaccine in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2022; 172:41-50. [PMID: 35752155 PMCID: PMC9160160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Backgrounds Patients with cancer presented a lower probability to obtain seroconversion after a complete course of COVID-19 vaccination. However, little was known on the factors that predict poor seroconversion in this frail population. Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for all articles within a range of published years from 2019 to 2022 on the predictors of response to COVID-19 vaccine in patients with cancer (last search was updated on 2st March 2022). The odds ratio corresponding to the 95% confidence interval was used to assess the outcome. The statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed with the Q-test and I2 statistics. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022315687) and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Twenty cohort studies met the inclusion criteria for this study, with 5,499 patients with cancer. We found that advanced age, male patients, and metastatic disease increased negative seropositivity to COVID-19 vaccine. Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable mutation status, high concentration of Ig G, Ig M, and Ig A were correlated with seropositivity. Relating to cancer treatment strategy, anti-CD20 therapy within recent 12 months and chemotherapy were negatively correlated with seroconversion. Meta-analysis found no significant difference associated with targeted treatment, immunotherapy, and endocrine treatment. Conclusions Our meta-analysis assessed the factors that predict poor seroconversion in order to plan better prevention strategies in this frail population. The results proposed that enhanced vaccination strategies would be beneficial for the special patients such as advanced male, or patients receiving active chemotherapy, and carefully prevention should be emphasised even after a complete course of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Yang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Zhang
- Equipment and Material Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Teni Nurlatifah HR, Barlianto W, Wiyasa WA, Kusuma C, Sari TL, Bachtiar NS. Determination Factors Associated with Immune Responses Towards First Dose Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) Measles Vaccine in Indonesian Infants. Med Arch 2022; 75:335-339. [PMID: 35169353 PMCID: PMC8740659 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.335-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Measles outbreaks under high coverage of measles vaccination in Indonesia is gaining a necessary evaluation of factors associated with measles-vaccine immune responses. Objctive: The purposes of recent study were to evaluate the association of sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters and specific immune responses towards first dose Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) measles vaccine in Indonesian infants. Methods: A total of 35 infants were enrolled in this cohort study. Measles immune responses were followed up at one and six months after vaccination then analyzed for its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and nutritional parameters. The plaque-reduction microneutralization assay was conducted to measure the titer of measles specific IgG antibody. The level of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells that exhibiting gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion were analyzed by flow cytometry. The association between variable was analyzed by linear regression. The difference immune response among variable were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test. Results: Vitamin A supplementation and breastfeeding were predicted as associated factor for humoral and cellular immune response after one month and six months measles vaccination among Indonesia Infants. Conclusion: Nutritional factor is associated with measles vaccination immune response in Indonesian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Teni Nurlatifah
- Applied Midwifery, Master's Study Program of STIKes Dharma Husada, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wisnu Barlianto
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wayan Arsana Wiyasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East java, Indonesia
| | - Chandra Kusuma
- Bio Farma, Pasteur Street No.28, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tita Luthfia Sari
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Novilia Sjafri Bachtiar
- Applied Midwifery, Master's Study Program of STIKes Dharma Husada, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East java, Indonesia.,Bio Farma, Pasteur Street No.28, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
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Mumps virus-specific immune response outcomes and sex-based differences in a cohort of healthy adolescents. Clin Immunol 2022; 234:108912. [PMID: 34968746 PMCID: PMC8760162 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite high levels of MMR-II usage in the US, mumps outbreaks continue to occur. Evidence suggests that mumps vaccine-induced humoral immunity wanes over time. Relatively few studies have examined cell-mediated immunity or reported on sex-based differences. To better understand sex-based differences in the immune response to mumps vaccine, we measured neutralizing antibody titers and mumps-specific cytokine/chemokine responses in a cohort of 748 adolescents and young adults after two doses of MMR vaccine. We observed significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers in females than in males (120.8 IU/mL, 98.7 IU/mL, p = 0.038) but significantly higher secretion levels of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ, and IL-1β in males compared to females. These data demonstrate that sex influences mumps-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune response outcomes, a phenomenon that should be considered during efforts to improve vaccines and prevent future outbreaks.
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Abstract
Biological sex affects the outcome of diverse respiratory viral infections. The pathogenesis of respiratory infections caused by viruses ranging from respiratory syncytial virus to influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 differs between the sexes across the life course. Generally, males are more susceptible to severe outcomes from respiratory viral infections at younger and older ages. During reproductive years (i.e., after puberty and prior to menopause), females are often at greater risk than males for severe outcomes. Pregnancy and biological sex affect the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections. In addition to sex differences in the pathogenesis of disease, there are consistent sex differences in responses to treatments, with females often developing greater immune responses but experiencing more adverse reactions than males. Animal models provide mechanistic insights into the causes of sex differences in respiratory virus pathogenesis and treatment outcomes, where available. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 8 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Ursin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205;
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205; .,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Maryland, USA 21205
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Fathi A, Addo MM, Dahlke C. Sex Differences in Immunity: Implications for the Development of Novel Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogens. Front Immunol 2021; 11:601170. [PMID: 33488596 PMCID: PMC7820860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the greatest public health achievements and have saved millions of lives. They represent a key countermeasure to limit epidemics caused by emerging infectious diseases. The Ebola virus disease crisis in West Africa dramatically revealed the need for a rapid and strategic development of vaccines to effectively control outbreaks. Seven years later, in light of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this need has never been as urgent as it is today. Vaccine development and implementation of clinical trials have been greatly accelerated, but still lack strategic design and evaluation. Responses to vaccination can vary widely across individuals based on factors like age, microbiome, co-morbidities and sex. The latter aspect has received more and more attention in recent years and a growing body of data provide evidence that sex-specific effects may lead to different outcomes of vaccine safety and efficacy. As these differences might have a significant impact on the resulting optimal vaccine regimen, sex-based differences should already be considered and investigated in pre-clinical and clinical trials. In this Review, we will highlight the clinical observations of sex-specific differences in response to vaccination, delineate sex differences in immune mechanisms, and will discuss the possible resulting implications for development of vaccine candidates against emerging infections. As multiple vaccine candidates against COVID-19 that target the same antigen are tested, vaccine development may undergo a decisive change, since we now have the opportunity to better understand mechanisms that influence vaccine-induced reactogenicity and effectiveness of different vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hamburg, Germany.,Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hamburg, Germany.,Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hamburg, Germany.,Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Van der Weken H, Cox E, Devriendt B. Advances in Oral Subunit Vaccine Design. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 9:1. [PMID: 33375151 PMCID: PMC7822154 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens invade the host at the intestinal surface. To protect against these enteropathogens, the induction of intestinal secretory IgA (SIgA) responses is paramount. While systemic vaccination provides strong systemic immune responses, oral vaccination is the most efficient way to trigger protective SIgA responses. However, the development of oral vaccines, especially oral subunit vaccines, is challenging due to mechanisms inherent to the gut. Oral vaccines need to survive the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by low pH and intestinal proteases and need to reach the gut-associated lymphoid tissues, which are protected by chemical and physical barriers that prevent efficient uptake. Furthermore, they need to surmount default tolerogenic responses present in the gut, resulting in suppression of immunity or tolerance. Several strategies have been developed to tackle these hurdles, such as delivery systems that protect vaccine antigens from degradation, strong mucosal adjuvants that induce robust immune responses and targeting approaches that aim to selectively deliver vaccine antigens towards specific immune cell populations. In this review, we discuss recent advances in oral vaccine design to enable the induction of robust gut immunity and highlight that the development of next generation oral subunit vaccines will require approaches that combines these solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bert Devriendt
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.V.d.W.); (E.C.)
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15
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Pradhan A, Olsson PE. Sex differences in severity and mortality from COVID-19: are males more vulnerable? Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:53. [PMID: 32948238 PMCID: PMC7498997 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shown high infection and mortality rates all over the world, and despite the global efforts, there is so far no specific therapy available for COVID-19. Interestingly, while the severity and mortality of COVID-19 are higher in males than in females, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this review, we explore sex-related differences that may be contributing factors to the observed male-biased mortality from COVID-19. Males are considered the weaker sex in aspects related to endurance and infection control. Studies show that viral RNA clearance is delayed in males with COVID-19. A recent study has indicated that the testis can harbor coronavirus, and consequently, males show delayed viral clearance. However, the role of testis involvement in COVID-19 severity and mortality needs further research. Males and females show a distinct difference in immune system responses with females eliciting stronger immune responses to pathogens. This difference in immune system responses may be a major contributing factor to viral load, disease severity, and mortality. In addition, differences in sex hormone milieus could also be a determinant of viral infections as estrogen has immunoenhancing effects while testosterone has immunosuppressive effects. The sex-specific severity of COVID-19 infections indicates that further research on understanding the sex differences is needed. Inclusion of both males and females in basic research and clinical trials is required to provide critical information on sex-related differences that may help to better understand disease outcome and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
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16
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Colafrancesco S, Alessandri C, Conti F, Priori R. COVID-19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome? Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102573. [PMID: 32387470 PMCID: PMC7199723 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The severe form of COVID-19 share several clinical and laboratory features with four entities gathered under the term "hyperferritinemic syndromes" and including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome (CAPS) and septic shock. COVID-19 systemic inflammatory reaction and "hyperferritinemic syndromes" are all characterized by high serum ferritin and a life-threatening hyper-inflammation sustained by a cytokines storm which eventually leads to multi-organ failure. In this review, we analyze the possible epidemiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for hyper-inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 and we underline the similarities between this condition and "hyperferritinemic syndromes" which would allow considering severe COVID-19 as a fifth member of this spectrum of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Colafrancesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Priori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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17
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Bartholomeus E, De Neuter N, Suls A, Elias G, van der Heijden S, Keersmaekers N, Jansens H, Van Tendeloo V, Beutels P, Laukens K, Ogunjimi B, Mortier G, Meysman P, Van Damme P. Transcriptomic profiling of different responder types in adults after a Priorix® vaccination. Vaccine 2020; 38:3218-3226. [PMID: 32165045 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the recommendation of a combined Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR) vaccine, like Priorix®, these childhood diseases are less common now. This is beneficial to limit the spread of these diseases and work towards their elimination. However, the measles, mumps and rubella antibody titers show a large variability in short- and long-term immunity. The recent outbreaks worldwide of measles and mumps and previous studies, which mostly focused on only one of the three virus responses, illustrate that there is a clear need for better understanding the immune responses after vaccination. Our healthy cohort was already primed with the MMR antigens in their childhood. In this study, the adult volunteers received one Priorix® vaccine dose at day 0. First, we defined 4 different groups of responders, based on their antibody titers' evolution over 4 time points (Day 0, 21, 150 and 365). This showed a high variability within and between individuals. Second, we determined transcriptome profiles using 3'mRNA sequencing at day 0, 3 and 7. Using two analytical approaches, "one response group per time point" and "a time comparison per response group", we correlated the short-term gene expression profiles to the different response groups. In general, the list of differentially expressed genes is limited, however, most of them are clearly immune-related and upregulated at day 3 and 7, compared to the baseline day 0. Depending on the specific response group there are overlapping signatures for two of the three viruses. Antibody titers and transcriptomics data showed that an additional Priorix vaccination does not facilitate an equal immune response against the 3 viruses or among different vaccine recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bartholomeus
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas De Neuter
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Adrem Data Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (biomina), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arvid Suls
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - George Elias
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sanne van der Heijden
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Keersmaekers
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hilde Jansens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Viggo Van Tendeloo
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Beutels
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Adrem Data Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (biomina), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Geert Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Meysman
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Adrem Data Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp (biomina), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- AUDACIS, Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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18
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Sathiyanarayanan S, Kumar P, Rao CR, Kumar A, Kamath A, Kamath V. Prevalence of Maternal Measles Antibody and Its Associated Factors among Infants in Coastal Karnataka, India. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:83-88. [PMID: 32029990 PMCID: PMC6985954 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_259_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current recommendation in India to commence first dose of measles immunization is at 9 months of age. The effectiveness of measles vaccination is greatly impacted by the level of maternal measles antibody (MMA) during infancy. OBJECTIVES To find the prevalence of MMA and to study the maternal and infant factors associated with persistence of MMA among the infants in a Indian rural community. METHODOLOGY Dried blood spot sample was collected before vaccination among infants aged 9 months and above when they came for first dose of measles vaccine to assess measles-specific maternal IgG antibody titers by enzyme immunoassay. Maternal and child factors influencing persistence of MMA were collected by interviewing the mothers. Association between various factors affecting seropositivity was tested using univariate logistic regression analysis and strength of association is reported as risk ratio with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Based on the qualitative estimation among all the recruited children (250) in the study, 4 (1.6%) infants showed the presence of MMA whereas 25 (10%) of children had MMA on quantitative estimation. The effect of maternal factors, child nutrition, and sociodemographic factors on the presence of MMA was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION The prevalence of persistent MMA (IgG titer ≥200 mIU/ml) among the infants aged 9-12 months was 10%. The choice of vaccinating infants at the end of 9 months for the first dose of measles vaccine is justified as the remaining (90%) of infants were susceptible for measles infection at this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chythra R. Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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19
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Christoforidou Z, Mora Ortiz M, Poveda C, Abbas M, Walton G, Bailey M, Lewis MC. Sexual Dimorphism in Immune Development and in Response to Nutritional Intervention in Neonatal Piglets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2705. [PMID: 31921096 PMCID: PMC6911813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sex disparity in immunological function and susceptibility to various inflammatory and infectious disease is recognized in adults, far less is known about the situation in young infants during immune development. We have used an outbred piglet model to explore potential early sex disparity underlying both mucosal immune development and systemic responses to novel antigen. Despite similarities in intestinal barrier function and therefore, presumably, antigen exposure, females had less CD172+ (Sirp-α) antigen presenting cells and expression of MHCIIDR at 28 days old compared to males, along with greater regulatory T-cell numbers. This suggests that, during infancy, females may have greater potential for local immune regulation than their male counterparts. However, females also presented with significantly greater systemic antibody responses to injected ovalbumin and dietary soya. Females also synthesized significantly more IgA in mesenteric lymph nodes, whereas males synthesized more in caecal mucosa, suggesting that plasma cells were retained within the MLN in females, but increased numbers of plasma cells circulated through to the mucosal tissue in males. Significant effects of inulin and Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 on the developing immune system were also sex-dependent. Our results may start to explain inconsistencies in outcomes of trials of functional foods in infants, as distinction between males and females is seldom made. Since later functionality of the immune system is highly dependent on appropriate development during infancy, stratifying nutritional interventions by sex may present a novel means of optimizing treatments and preventative strategies to reduce the risk of the development of immunological disorders in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Christoforidou
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Mora Ortiz
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Munawar Abbas
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Walton
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bailey
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marie C Lewis
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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20
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Béraud G, Abrams S, Beutels P, Dervaux B, Hens N. Resurgence risk for measles, mumps and rubella in France in 2018 and 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23. [PMID: 29945697 PMCID: PMC6152239 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.25.1700796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Large measles and mumps outbreaks recently occurred throughout Europe and the United States. Aim: Our aim was to estimate and map the risk of resurgence for measles, mumps and rubella in France. Methods: We used a multi-cohort model combining seroprevalence information, vaccine coverage and social contact data. Results: The overall outbreak risk for France in 2018 was highest for mumps, remained significant for measles despite a recent measles outbreak and was low for rubella. Outbreak risks were heterogeneous between departments, as the effective reproduction numbers for 2018 ranged from 1.08 to 3.66. The seroprevalence, and therefore the risk of measles and rubella infection, differed significantly between males and females. There was a lower seroprevalence, and therefore a higher risk, for males. Infants of less than 1 year would be seriously affected in a future outbreak of measles, mumps or rubella, but the highest overall caseload contribution would come from teenagers and young adults (10–25 years old). Conclusions: The high risk for teenagers and young adults is of concern in view of their vulnerability to more severe measles, mumps and rubella disease and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Béraud
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Lille University, EA2694 - Santé Publique: Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France.,Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Steven Abrams
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Philippe Beutels
- University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Health Economics Research & Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benoit Dervaux
- CHU Lille, Direction de la Recherche en Santé, Lille, France.,Lille University, EA2694 - Santé Publique: Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille, France
| | - Niel Hens
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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21
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Carryn S, Feyssaguet M, Povey M, Di Paolo E. Long-term immunogenicity of measles, mumps and rubella-containing vaccines in healthy young children: A 10-year follow-up. Vaccine 2019; 37:5323-5331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
There is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccination. In this review, we provide an overview of the plethora of studies that have investigated factors that influence humoral and cellular vaccine responses in humans. These include intrinsic host factors (such as age, sex, genetics, and comorbidities), perinatal factors (such as gestational age, birth weight, feeding method, and maternal factors), and extrinsic factors (such as preexisting immunity, microbiota, infections, and antibiotics). Further, environmental factors (such as geographic location, season, family size, and toxins), behavioral factors (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and sleep), and nutritional factors (such as body mass index, micronutrients, and enteropathy) also influence how individuals respond to vaccines. Moreover, vaccine factors (such as vaccine type, product, adjuvant, and dose) and administration factors (schedule, site, route, time of vaccination, and coadministered vaccines and other drugs) are also important. An understanding of all these factors and their impacts in the design of vaccine studies and decisions on vaccination schedules offers ways to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.
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23
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Voigt EA, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Grill DE, Goergen KM, Schaid DJ, Poland GA. Sex Differences in Older Adults' Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination. Front Immunol 2019; 10:180. [PMID: 30873150 PMCID: PMC6400991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sex differences in immune responses to influenza vaccine may impact efficacy across populations. Methods: In a cohort of 138 older adults (50-74 years old), we measured influenza A/H1N1 antibody titers, B-cell ELISPOT response, PBMC transcriptomics, and PBMC cell compositions at 0, 3, and 28 days post-immunization with the 2010/11 seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine. Results: We identified higher B-cell ELISPOT responses in females than males. Potential mechanisms for sex effects were identified in four gene clusters related to T, NK, and B cells. Mediation analysis indicated that sex-dependent expression in T and NK cell genes can be partially attributed to higher CD4+ T cell and lower NK cell fractions in females. We identified strong sex effects in 135 B cell genes whose expression correlates with ELISPOT measures, and found that cell subset differences did not explain the effect of sex on these genes' expression. Post-vaccination expression of these genes, however, mediated 41% of the sex effect on ELISPOT responses. Conclusions: These results improve our understanding of sexual dimorphism in immunity and influenza vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Voigt
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Diane E. Grill
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Krista M. Goergen
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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24
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Flanagan KL, Fink AL, Plebanski M, Klein SL. Sex and Gender Differences in the Outcomes of Vaccination over the Life Course. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 33:577-599. [PMID: 28992436 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Both sex (i.e., biological differences) and gender (i.e., social or cultural influences) impact vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. Clinical data illustrate that among children, young adults, and aged individuals, males and females differ in vaccine-induced immune responses, adverse events, and protection. Although males are more likely to receive vaccines, following vaccination, females typically develop higher antibody responses and report more adverse effects of vaccination than do males. Human, nonhuman animal, and in vitro studies reveal numerous immunological, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors that differ between males and females and contribute to sex- and gender-specific vaccine responses and outcomes. Herein, we address the impact of sex and gender variables that should be considered in preclinical and clinical studies of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800; ,
| | - Ashley L Fink
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; ,
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800; ,
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; ,
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Haralambieva IH, Kennedy RB, Simon WL, Goergen KM, Grill DE, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA. Differential miRNA expression in B cells is associated with inter-individual differences in humoral immune response to measles vaccination. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191812. [PMID: 29381765 PMCID: PMC5790242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are important mediators of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through RNA degradation and translational repression, and are emerging biomarkers of immune system activation/response after vaccination. Methods We performed Next Generation Sequencing (mRNA-Seq) of intracellular miRNAs in measles virus-stimulated B and CD4+ T cells from high and low antibody responders to measles vaccine. Negative binomial generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used for miRNA assessment and the DIANA tool was used for gene/target prediction and pathway enrichment analysis. Results We identified a set of B cell-specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-151a-5p, miR-223, miR-29, miR-15a-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-103a, and miR-15a/16 cluster) and biological processes/pathways, including regulation of adherens junction proteins, Fc-receptor signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling pathway, growth factor signaling pathway/pathways, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and virus-related processes, significantly associated with neutralizing antibody titers after measles vaccination. No CD4+ T cell-specific miRNA expression differences between high and low antibody responders were found. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that miRNA expression directly or indirectly influences humoral immunity to measles vaccination and suggests that B cell-specific miRNAs may serve as useful predictive biomarkers of vaccine humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana H. Haralambieva
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Whitney L. Simon
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Krista M. Goergen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Diane E. Grill
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Voigt EA, Grill DE, Zimmermann MT, Simon WL, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Poland GA. Transcriptomic signatures of cellular and humoral immune responses in older adults after seasonal influenza vaccination identified by data-driven clustering. Sci Rep 2018; 8:739. [PMID: 29335477 PMCID: PMC5768803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PBMC transcriptomes after influenza vaccination contain valuable information about factors affecting vaccine responses. However, distilling meaningful knowledge out of these complex datasets is often difficult and requires advanced data mining algorithms. We investigated the use of the data-driven Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) gene clustering method to identify vaccine response-related genes in PBMC transcriptomic datasets collected from 138 healthy older adults (ages 50-74) before and after 2010-2011 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccination. WGCNA separated the 14,197 gene dataset into 15 gene clusters based on observed gene expression patterns across subjects. Eight clusters were strongly enriched for genes involved in specific immune cell types and processes, including B cells, T cells, monocytes, platelets, NK cells, cytotoxic T cells, and antiviral signaling. Examination of gene cluster membership identified signatures of cellular and humoral responses to seasonal influenza vaccination, as well as pre-existing cellular immunity. The results of this study illustrate the utility of this publically available analysis methodology and highlight genes previously associated with influenza vaccine responses (e.g., CAMK4, CD19), genes with functions not previously identified in vaccine responses (e.g., SPON2, MATK, CST7), and previously uncharacterized genes (e.g. CORO1C, C8orf83) likely related to influenza vaccine-induced immunity due to their expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Voigt
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Diane E Grill
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Whitney L Simon
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Muñoz-Alía MA, Casasnovas JM, Celma ML, Carabaña J, Liton PB, Fernandez-Muñoz R. Measles Virus Hemagglutinin epitopes immunogenic in natural infection and vaccination are targeted by broad or genotype-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Virus Res 2017; 236:30-43. [PMID: 28465158 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) remains a leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths in children. Protection against MV is associated with neutralizing antibodies that preferentially recognize the viral hemagglutinin (MV-H), and to a lesser extent, the fusion protein (MV-F). Although MV is serologically monotypic, 24 genotypes have been identified. Here we report three neutralization epitopes conserved in the more prevalent circulating MV genotypes, two located in the MV-H receptor binding site (RBS) (antigenic site III) and a third in MV-H/MV-F interphase (antigenic site Ia) which are essential for MV multiplication. In contrast, two MV-H neutralization epitopes, showed a genotype-specific neutralization escape due to a single amino acid change, that we mapped in the "noose" antigenic site, or an enhanced neutralization epitope (antigenic site IIa). The monoclonal antibody (mAb) neutralization potency correlated with its binding affinity and was mainly driven by kinetic dissociation rate (koff). We developed an immunoassay for mAb binding to MV-H in its native hetero-oligomeric structure with MV-F on the surface of a MV productive steady-state persistently infected (p.i.) human cell lines, and a competitive-binding assay with serum from individuals with past infection by different MV genotypes. Binding assays revealed that a broad neutralization epitope, in RBS antigenic site, a genotype specific neutralization epitopes, in noose and IIa sites, were immunogenic in natural infection and vaccination and may elicit long-lasting humoral immunity that might contribute to explain MV immunogenic stability. These results support the design of improved measles vaccines, broad-spectrum prophylactic or therapeutic antibodies and MV-used in oncolytic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Carabaña
- Virology Unit, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Nissen TN, Birk NM, Smits G, Jeppesen DL, Stensballe LG, Netea MG, van der Klis F, Benn CS, Pryds O, Andersen A, Kjærgaard J, Thøstesen LM, Pihl GT, Hoffmann T, Kofoed PE, Aaby P. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth and antibody responses to childhood vaccines. A randomised clinical trial. Vaccine 2017; 35:2084-2091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Unravelling the nature of non-specific effects of vaccines-A challenge for innate immunologists. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:377-83. [PMID: 27354354 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological observations have shown that vaccines can influence morbidity and mortality more than can be ascribed to target-disease immunity. A growing number of immunological studies have helped identify possible biological mechanisms to explain these so-called nonspecific effects (NSE) of vaccines, including heterologous T-cell reactivity and innate immune memory or 'trained innate immunity', which involves epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells. Here, we review the epidemiological evidence for NSE as well as human, animal and in vitro immunological data that could explain these NSE, and discuss priorities for future epidemiologic and immunologic studies to further unravel the biology and optimize the benefits of current and new vaccines.
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Kennedy RB, Simon WL, Gibson MJ, Goergen KM, Grill DE, Oberg AL, Poland GA. The composition of immune cells serves as a predictor of adaptive immunity in a cohort of 50- to 74-year-old adults. Immunology 2016; 148:266-75. [PMID: 27188667 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality annually. Although vaccination offers a considerable amount of protection, it is far from perfect, especially in aging populations. This is due to age-related defects in immune function, a process called immunosenescence. To date, there are no assays or methods to predict or explain variations in an individual's level of response to influenza vaccination. In this study, we measured levels of several immune cell subsets at baseline (Day 0) and at Days 3 and 28 post-vaccination using flow cytometry. Statistical modelling was performed to assess correlations between levels of cell subsets and Day 28 immune responses - haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) assay, and memory B cell ELISPOT. Changes in several groups of cell types from Day 0 to Day 28 and Day 3 to Day 28 were found to be significantly associated with immune response. Baseline levels of several immune cell subsets, including B cells and regulatory T cells, were able to partially explain variation in memory B-cell ELISPOT results. Increased expression of HLA-DR on plasmacytoid dendritic cells after vaccination was correlated with increased HAI and VNA responses. Our data suggest that the expression of activation markers (HLA-DR and CD86) on various immune cell subsets, as well as the relative distribution of cell subsets, both have value in predicting immune responses to influenza vaccination in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Krista M Goergen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Diane E Grill
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Zimmermann MT, Oberg AL, Grill DE, Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, Kennedy RB, Poland GA. System-Wide Associations between DNA-Methylation, Gene Expression, and Humoral Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152034. [PMID: 27031986 PMCID: PMC4816338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure to achieve a protected state after influenza vaccination is poorly understood but occurs commonly among aged populations experiencing greater immunosenescence. In order to better understand immune response in the elderly, we studied epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles and humoral immune response outcomes in 50-74 year old healthy participants. Associations between DNA methylation and gene expression reveal a system-wide regulation of immune-relevant functions, likely playing a role in regulating a participant's propensity to respond to vaccination. Our findings show that sites of methylation regulation associated with humoral response to vaccination impact known cellular differentiation signaling and antigen presentation pathways. We performed our analysis using per-site and regionally average methylation levels, in addition to continuous or dichotomized outcome measures. The genes and molecular functions implicated by each analysis were compared, highlighting different aspects of the biologic mechanisms of immune response affected by differential methylation. Both cis-acting (within the gene or promoter) and trans-acting (enhancers and transcription factor binding sites) sites show significant associations with measures of humoral immunity. Specifically, we identified a group of CpGs that, when coordinately hypo-methylated, are associated with lower humoral immune response, and methylated with higher response. Additionally, CpGs that individually predict humoral immune responses are enriched for polycomb-group and FOXP2 transcription factor binding sites. The most robust associations implicate differential methylation affecting gene expression levels of genes with known roles in immunity (e.g. HLA-B and HLA-DQB2) and immunosenescence. We believe our data and analysis strategy highlight new and interesting epigenetic trends affecting humoral response to vaccination against influenza; one of the most common and impactful viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Zimmermann
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ann L. Oberg
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Diane E. Grill
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Iana H. Haralambieva
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Kweon OJ, Lee MK, Kim HJ, Chung JW, Choi SH, Kim HR. Neutropenia and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in a healthy Korean population: race and sex should be considered. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 38:308-18. [PMID: 27018397 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the prevalence and severity of asymptomatic neutropenia in a healthy Korean population according to sex and age. We explored normal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in an asymptomatic Korean population and the association of these ratios with biomarkers related to inflammation, rheumatoid disease, and glucose metabolism. METHODS We analyzed complete blood cell counts in 83 740 subjects who participated in a routine health check-up program. NLR and PLR were compared to age, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting glucose levels. RESULTS Of the entire study population, 7.48% exhibited neutropenia; 8.61% of females and 6.69% of males. The neutropenia was more severe in females compared to males (P < 0.01). Median NLR and PLR values were 1.53 and 121.07, respectively. An inverse relationship was observed between NLR and age, but no differences were seen between sexes. CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fasting glucose level were significantly correlated with NLR. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the normal range of absolute neutrophil counts should be adjusted and cutoff values for neutropenia should be re-established according to sex and race. NLR and PLR cutoff values for disease evaluation should be established separately according to race and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Kweon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-K Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-W Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H R Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Klein SL, Marriott I, Fish EN. Sex-based differences in immune function and responses to vaccination. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2015; 109:9-15. [PMID: 25573105 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Females typically develop higher antibody responses and experience more adverse reactions following vaccination than males. These differences are observed in response to diverse vaccines, including the bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, the yellow fever virus vaccine and influenza vaccines. Sex differences in the responses to vaccines are observed across diverse age groups, ranging from infants to aged individuals. Biological as well as behavioral differences between the sexes are likely to contribute to differences in the outcome of vaccination between the sexes. Immunological, hormonal, genetic and microbiota differences between males and females may also affect the outcome of vaccination. Identifying ways to reduce adverse reactions in females and increase immune responses in males will be necessary to adequately protect both sexes against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Whitaker JA, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA. Adversomics: a new paradigm for vaccine safety and design. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:935-47. [PMID: 25937189 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1038249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the enormous population benefits of routine vaccination, vaccine adverse events (AEs) and reactions, whether real or perceived, have posed one of the greatest barriers to vaccine acceptance--and thus to infectious disease prevention--worldwide. A truly integrated clinical, translational, and basic science approach is required to understand the mechanisms behind vaccine AEs, predict them, and then apply this knowledge to new vaccine design approaches that decrease, or avoid, these events. The term 'adversomics' was first introduced in 2009 and refers to the study of vaccine adverse reactions using immunogenomics and systems biology approaches. In this review, we present the current state of adversomics research, review known associations and mechanisms of vaccine AEs/reactions, and outline a plan for the further development of this emerging research field.
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The impact of immunosenescence on humoral immune response variation after influenza A/H1N1 vaccination in older subjects. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122282. [PMID: 25816015 PMCID: PMC4376784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly, the factors underlying the reduced vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in this age group are not completely understood. Age and immunosenescence factors, and their impact on humoral immunity after influenza vaccination, are of growing interest for the development of better vaccines for the elderly. Methods We assessed associations between age and immunosenescence markers (T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles – TREC content, peripheral white blood cell telomerase – TERT expression and CD28 expression on T cells) and influenza A/H1N1 vaccine-induced measures of humoral immunity in 106 older subjects at baseline and three timepoints post-vaccination. Results TERT activity (TERT mRNA expression) was significantly positively correlated with the observed increase in the influenza-specific memory B cell ELISPOT response at Day 28 compared to baseline (p-value=0.025). TREC levels were positively correlated with the baseline and early (Day 3) influenza A/H1N1-specific memory B cell ELISPOT response (p-value=0.042 and p-value=0.035, respectively). The expression and/or expression change of CD28 on CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells at baseline and Day 3 was positively correlated with the influenza A/H1N1-specific memory B cell ELISPOT response at baseline, Day 28 and Day 75 post-vaccination. In a multivariable analysis, the peak antibody response (HAI and/or VNA at Day 28) was negatively associated with age, the percentage of CD8+CD28low T cells, IgD+CD27- naïve B cells, and percentage overall CD20- B cells and plasmablasts, measured at Day 3 post-vaccination. The early change in influenza-specific memory B cell ELISPOT response was positively correlated with the observed increase in influenza A/H1N1-specific HAI antibodies at Day 28 and Day 75 relative to baseline (p-value=0.007 and p-value=0.005, respectively). Conclusion Our data suggest that influenza-specific humoral immunity is significantly influenced by age, and that specific markers of immunosenescence (e.g., the baseline/early expression of CD28 on CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells and T cell immune abnormalities) are correlated with different humoral immune response outcomes observed after vaccination in older individuals, and thus can be potentially used to predict vaccine immunogenicity.
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Haralambieva IH, Simon WL, Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Warner ND, Grill DE, Poland GA. Profiling of measles-specific humoral immunity in individuals following two doses of MMR vaccine using proteome microarrays. Viruses 2015; 7:1113-33. [PMID: 25763865 PMCID: PMC4379563 DOI: 10.3390/v7031113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comprehensive evaluation of measles-specific humoral immunity after vaccination is important for determining new and/or additional correlates of vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. METHODS We used a novel proteome microarray technology and statistical modeling to identify factors and models associated with measles-specific functional protective immunity in 150 measles vaccine recipients representing the extremes of neutralizing antibody response after two vaccine doses. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies directed to the measles virus (MV) phosphoprotein (P), nucleoprotein (N), as well as antibodies to the large polymerase (L) protein (fragment 1234 to 1900 AA). Antibodies to these proteins, in addition to anti-F antibodies (and, to a lesser extent, anti-H antibodies), were correlated with neutralizing antibody titer and/or were associated with and predictive of neutralizing antibody response. CONCLUSION Our results identify antibodies to specific measles virus proteins and statistical models for monitoring and assessment of measles-specific functional protective immunity in vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana H Haralambieva
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Whitney L Simon
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Diane E Grill
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Painter SD, Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Grill DE, Poland GA. Detection of influenza A/H1N1-specific human IgG-secreting B cells in older adults by ELISPOT assay. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:32-8. [PMID: 24605786 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2013.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells play an important role in humoral immunity and antibody production. Use of a B cell ELISPOT assay to quantify antigen-specific B cells can assist other assays to achieve a more complete profile of the humoral immune response after vaccination. We utilized a B cell ELISPOT assay to measure the number of influenza A/H1N1-specific B cells at key timepoints after seasonal influenza vaccination in 106 older adults (50-74 years of age). Blood was drawn from these subjects on Day 0, Day 3, Day 28, and Day 75 after vaccination to represent baseline, early, peak, and late response, respectively, of influenza A/H1N1-specific B cells. A significant increase in A/H1N1-specific B cells (median 36 spot-forming units/SFUs per 200,000 cells, p<0.0001) was seen on Day 28 compared to baseline and Day 3, and this number decreased (23 SFUs, p<0.0001) by Day 75, but not to baseline level. These data suggest that the B cell ELISPOT can be used to profile and monitor the humoral immune responses in older subjects after influenza vaccination, and serve as an immune signature marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Painter
- 1 Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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Pellegrino P, Falvella FS, Perrone V, Carnovale C, Brusadelli T, Pozzi M, Antoniazzi S, Cheli S, Perrotta C, Clementi E, Radice S. The first steps towards the era of personalised vaccinology: predicting adverse reactions. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 15:284-7. [PMID: 25287071 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Until now, the occurrence of adverse reactions among individuals inoculated with identical vaccines has been ascribed to unpredictable stochastic processes. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics indicate that some features of host response to immunisation are influenced by genetic traits, henceforth predictable. The ability to predict the adverse reaction to vaccination would represent an important step towards the development of personalised vaccinology and could enhance public confidence in the safety of vaccines. Herein, we have reviewed all the available information on the association between genetic variants and the risk for healthy subjects to develop adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pellegrino
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital 'Luigi Sacco', Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F S Falvella
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital 'Luigi Sacco', Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Perrone
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital 'Luigi Sacco', Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Carnovale
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital 'Luigi Sacco', Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - T Brusadelli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital 'Luigi Sacco', Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Pozzi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - S Antoniazzi
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - S Cheli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital 'Luigi Sacco', Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Perrotta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital 'Luigi Sacco', Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Clementi
- 1] Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy [2] Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital 'Luigi Sacco', Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Radice
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital 'Luigi Sacco', Universitá di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Furman D. Sexual dimorphism in immunity: improving our understanding of vaccine immune responses in men. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:461-71. [PMID: 25278153 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.966694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Weaker immune responses are often observed in males compared to females. Since female hormones have proinflammatory properties and androgens have potent immunomodulatory effects, this sexual dimorphism in the immune response seems to be hormone dependent. Despite our current knowledge about the effect of sex hormones on immune cells, definition of the factors driving the sex differences in immunoclinical outcomes, such as the diminished response to infection and vaccination observed in men or the higher rates of autoimmunity observed in females, remains elusive. Recently, systems approaches to immune function have started to suggest a way toward establishing this connection. Such studies promise to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the sexual dimorphism observed in the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Furman
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive, B240 Beckman Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5124, USA
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Klein SL, Pekosz A. Sex-based biology and the rational design of influenza vaccination strategies. J Infect Dis 2014; 209 Suppl 3:S114-9. [PMID: 24966191 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological (ie, sex) differences as well as cultural (ie, gender) norms influence the acceptance and efficacy of vaccines for males and females. These differences are often overlooked in the design and implementation of vaccination strategies. Using seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines, we document profound differences between the sexes in the acceptance, correlates of protection, and adverse reactions following vaccination in both young and older adults. Females develop higher antibody responses, experience more adverse reactions to influenza vaccines, and show greater vaccine efficacy than males. Despite greater vaccine efficacy in females, both young and older females are often less likely to accept influenza vaccines than their male counterparts. Identification of the biological mechanisms, including the hormones and genes, that underlie differential responses to vaccination is necessary. We propose that vaccines should be matched to an individual's biological sex, which could involve systematically tailoring diverse types of FDA-approved influenza vaccines separately for males and females. One goal for vaccines designed to protect against influenza and even other infectious diseases should be to increase the correlates of protection in males and reduce adverse reactions in females in an effort to increase acceptance and vaccine-induced protection in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Long-chain peer referral to recruit black MSM and black transgender women for an HIV vaccine efficacy trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 66:e94-7. [PMID: 24815850 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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O'Shea D, Widmer LA, Stelling J, Egli A. Changing face of vaccination in immunocompromised hosts. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2014; 16:420. [PMID: 24992978 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-014-0420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Infection prevention is a key component of care and an important determinant of clinical outcomes in a diverse population of immunocompromised hosts. Vaccination remains a fundamental preventative strategy, and clear guidelines exist for the vaccination of immunocompromised individuals and close contacts. Unfortunately, adherence to such guidelines is frequently suboptimal, with consequent missed opportunities to prevent infection. Additionally, vaccination of immunocompromised individuals is known to produce responses inferior to those observed in immunocompetent hosts. Multiple factors contribute to this finding, and developing improved vaccination strategies for those at high risk of infectious complications remains a priority of care providers. Herein, we review potential factors contributing to vaccine outcomes, focusing on host immune responses, and propose a means for applying modern, innovative systems biology technology to model critical determinants of vaccination success. With influenza vaccine in solid organ transplants used as a case in point, novel means for stratifying individuals using a host "immunophenotype" are explored, and strategies for individualizing vaccine approaches tailored to safely optimize vaccine responses in those most at risk are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire O'Shea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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The effectiveness of the polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine for the prevention of hospitalizations due to Streptococcus pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly differs between the sexes: Results from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) international cohort study. Vaccine 2014; 32:2198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Haralambieva IH, Salk HM, Lambert ND, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Warner ND, Pankratz VS, Poland GA. Associations between race, sex and immune response variations to rubella vaccination in two independent cohorts. Vaccine 2014; 32:1946-53. [PMID: 24530932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune response variations after vaccination are influenced by host genetic factors and demographic variables, such as race, ethnicity and sex. The latter have not been systematically studied in regard to live rubella vaccine, but are of interest for developing next generation vaccines for diverse populations, for predicting immune responses after vaccination, and for better understanding the variables that impact immune response. METHODS We assessed associations between demographic variables, including race, ethnicity and sex, and rubella-specific neutralizing antibody levels and secreted cytokines (IFNγ, IL-6) in two independent cohorts (1994 subjects), using linear and linear mixed models approaches, and genetically defined racial and ethnic categorizations. RESULTS Our replicated findings in two independent, large, racially diverse cohorts indicate that individuals of African descent have significantly higher rubella-specific neutralizing antibody levels compared to individuals of European descent and/or Hispanic ethnicity (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our study provides consistent evidence for racial/ethnic differences in humoral immune response following rubella vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana H Haralambieva
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Hannah M Salk
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Nathaniel D Lambert
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - V Shane Pankratz
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Larrabee BR, Pankratz VS, Poland GA. Race and sex-based differences in cytokine immune responses to smallpox vaccine in healthy individuals. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1263-6. [PMID: 23806267 PMCID: PMC4170575 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of sex, race and ethnicity on smallpox vaccine-induced immune responses in 1071 armed forces members after primary Dryvax(®) smallpox vaccination, including 790 males and 281 females; 580 Caucasians, 217 African-Americans, and 217 Hispanics. Analysis of vaccinia-specific cytokine responses revealed that Caucasians had higher total IFNγ ELISPOT responses (median 57 spot-forming units/SFUs per 200,000 cells, p=0.01) and CD8(+)IFNγ ELISPOT responses (12 SFUs, p<0.001) than African-Americans (51 and 4 SFUs, respectively) and Hispanics (47 and 8 SFUs, respectively). Similarly, Caucasians secreted higher levels of vaccinia-specific IL-2 (p=0.003) and IFNα (p<0.001) compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Males had higher total IFNγ ELISPOT responses (median 55 SFUs) compared to females (41 SFUs, p<0.001). We observed statistically significant sex-related differences in the secretion of IL-2 (p<0.001), IL-1β (p<0.001) and IL-10 (p=0.017). These data suggest that vaccinia-specific cytokine responses following primary smallpox vaccination are significantly influenced by race and sex of vaccinees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana H. Haralambieva
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Inna G. Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Richard B. Kennedy
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Beth R. Larrabee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - V. Shane Pankratz
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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Salk HM, Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Goergen KM, Poland GA. Granzyme B ELISPOT assay to measure influenza-specific cellular immunity. J Immunol Methods 2013; 398-399:44-50. [PMID: 24055591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity and efficacy of influenza vaccination are markedly lower in the elderly. Granzyme B (GrzB), quantified in fresh cell lysates, has been suggested to be a marker of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and a predictor of influenza illness among vaccinated older individuals. We have developed an influenza-specific GrzB ELISPOT assay using cryopreserved PBMCs. This method was tested on 106 healthy older subjects (ages 50-74) at baseline (Day 0) and three additional time points post-vaccination (Day 3, Day 28, Day 75) with influenza A/H1N1-containing vaccine. No significant difference was seen in GrzB response between any of the time points, although influenza-specific GrzB response appears to be elevated at all post-vaccination time points. There was no correlation between GrzB response and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers, indicating no relationship between the cytolytic activity and humoral antibody levels in this cohort. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between GrzB response and age was observed. These results reveal a reduction in influenza-specific GrzB response as one ages. In conclusion, we have developed and optimized an influenza-specific ELISPOT assay for use with frozen cells to quantify the CTL-specific serine protease GrzB, as a measure of cellular immunity after influenza vaccination.
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Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Pankratz VS, Kennedy RB, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. The genetic basis for interindividual immune response variation to measles vaccine: new understanding and new vaccine approaches. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:57-70. [PMID: 23256739 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The live-attenuated measles vaccine is effective, but measles outbreaks still occur in vaccinated populations. This warrants elucidation of the determinants of measles vaccine-induced protective immunity. Interindividual variability in markers of measles vaccine-induced immunity, including neutralizing antibody levels, is regulated in part by host genetic factor variations. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of measles vaccine immunogenetics relative to the perspective of developing better measles vaccines. Important genetic regulators of measles vaccine-induced immunity, such as HLA class I and HLA class II genotypes, single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine/cytokine receptor genes (IL12B, IL12RB1, IL2, IL10) and the cell surface measles virus receptor CD46 gene, have been identified and independently replicated. New technologies present many opportunities for identification of novel genetic signatures and genetic architectures. These findings help explain a variety of immune response-related phenotypes and promote a new paradigm of 'vaccinomics' for novel vaccine development.
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Personalized vaccinology: one size and dose might not fit both sexes. Vaccine 2013; 31:2599-600. [PMID: 23579257 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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