1
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Fernando GCP, Khansari AR, Tort L. Response to chronic crowding stress in shy and bold behavioral groups of male and female zebrafish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 327:R275-R290. [PMID: 38842516 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00041.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in exploring the nuances of animal stress physiology, particularly in relation to parameters such as sex and behavioral phenotype-dependent variations, which is crucial for understanding phenotypic variation and its role in evolutionary selection. However, a significant dearth remains in how chronic stressors affect organismal stress physiology concerning the aforesaid parameters. This void is even wider pertaining to the response of peripheral tissues, such as the skin, the organ with the highest surface contact area with the environment. Hence, we behaviorally grouped the zebrafishes based on their boldness and the body condition, whole body cortisol response, along with examining the transcriptional response, global DNA methylome, and oxidative DNA damage in the skin upon chronic crowding. Upon baseline conditions, clear distinction between bold and shy phenotypes was found, particularly in males. The boldness index score distribution exhibited greater uniformity in males than in females. Regarding the body condition response to chronic crowding, shy males showed a significant relative decline compared with their bold counterparts, while this trend did not hold true for females. qPCR data revealed distinctive expression patterns in key genes that play critical roles in cellular processes such as stress-mediated gene regulation, immune response, oxidative stress protection, and maintenance of genomic integrity through epigenetic modifications across behavioral phenotypes and sexes under both with and without chronic crowding stress. Global DNA methylation levels significantly declined only in chronically crowded shy males, and sex/behavioral phenotype-dependent trends in oxidative DNA damage were identified.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper analyzes the response of zebrafish to crowding stress through a new approach focused on the peripheral response dynamics of the skin, the main mucosal tissue, and involving sex and behavioral phenotype influences. Shy males showed significant distress as observed by body condition, physiological and transcriptional response, and global DNA methylation. Nuances in stress response across behavioral phenotypes and sex indicate a genetic and behavioral specificity and further inherent epigenetic regulatory dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gallage Chanuka P Fernando
- Department of Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ali R Khansari
- Department of Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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2
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Horváth G, Sos T, Bóné G, Lőrincz CE, Pap PL, Herczeg G. Integrating behavioural thermoregulatory strategy into the animal personality framework using the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara as a model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14200. [PMID: 38902323 PMCID: PMC11189939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of consistent between-individual behavioural variation in single (animal personality) and across two or more behavioural traits (behavioural syndrome) is a central topic of behavioural ecology. Besides behavioural type (individual mean behaviour), behavioural predictability (environment-independent within-individual behavioural variation) is now also seen as an important component of individual behavioural strategy. Research focus is still on the 'Big Five' traits (activity, exploration, risk-taking, sociability and aggression), but another prime candidate to integrate to the personality framework is behavioural thermoregulation in small-bodied poikilotherms. Here, we found animal personality in thermoregulatory strategy (selected body temperature, voluntary thermal maximum, setpoint range) and 'classic' behavioural traits (activity, sheltering, risk-taking) in common lizards (Zootoca vivipara). Individual state did not explain the between-individual variation. There was a positive behavioural type-behavioural predictability correlation in selected body temperature. Besides an activity-risk-taking syndrome, we also found a risk-taking-selected body temperature syndrome. Our results suggest that animal personality and behavioural syndrome are present in common lizards, both including thermoregulatory and 'classic' behavioural traits, and selecting high body temperature with high predictability is part of the risk-prone behavioural strategy. We propose that thermoregulatory behaviour should be considered with equal weight to the 'classic' traits in animal personality studies of poikilotherms employing active behavioural thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Horváth
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-ELTE-MTM Integrative Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Sos
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeş-Bolyai University, Clinicilor street 5-7, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "Milvus Group" Bird and Nature Protection Association, B-dul 1 Decembrie 1918 121, 540445, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Gábor Bóné
- "Milvus Group" Bird and Nature Protection Association, B-dul 1 Decembrie 1918 121, 540445, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Csanád Endre Lőrincz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter László Pap
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babeş-Bolyai University, Clinicilor street 5-7, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE-MTM Integrative Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Zhang N, Ma LX, Dong YW. Flight or fight: different strategies of intertidal periwinkle Littoraria sinensis coping with high temperature across populations. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38897980 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Intertidal organisms usually live near their upper thermal limits, and are vulnerable to future global warming. As a vital response to thermal stress, thermoregulatory strategy in physiological and behavioral performance is essential for organisms coping with thermal stress and surviving the changing world. To investigate the relationship between the thermoregulatory strategy and habitat temperature, in the present study, we comparatively investigated the thermal responsive strategy among different geographic populations of the supralittoral snail Littoraria sinensis by determining snails' cardiac function and behavioral performance. Our results indicated that populations inhabiting high ambient temperatures had higher sublethal temperatures (i.e. Arrhenius breakpoint temperatures, ABTs, the temperature at which the heart rate shapely decreases with further heating) and lethal temperatures (i.e. Flatline temperatures, FLTs, the temperature at which heart rate ceases), and behaved less actively (e.g. shorter moving distances and shorter moving time) in the face of high and rising temperatures-a physiological fight strategy. On the other hand, populations at relatively low ambient temperatures had relatively lower physiological upper thermal limits with lower ABTs and FLTs and moved more actively in the face of high and rising temperatures-a behavioral flight strategy. These results demonstrate that the thermoregulatory strategies of the snails are closely related to their habitat temperatures and are different among populations surviving divergent thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun-Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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4
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Adedara IA, Mohammed KA, Canzian J, Ajayi BO, Farombi EO, Emanuelli T, Rosemberg DB, Aschner M. Utility of zebrafish-based models in understanding molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity mediated by the gut-brain axis. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2024; 11:177-208. [PMID: 38741945 PMCID: PMC11090488 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbes perform several beneficial functions which impact the periphery and central nervous systems of the host. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is acknowledged as a major contributor to the development of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders including bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Thus, elucidation of how the gut microbiota-brain axis plays a role in health and disease conditions is a potential novel approach to prevent and treat brain disorders. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an invaluable vertebrate model that possesses conserved brain and intestinal features with those of humans, thus making zebrafish a valued model to investigate the interplay between the gut microbiota and host health. This chapter describes current findings on the utility of zebrafish in understanding molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity mediated via the gut microbiota-brain axis. Specifically, it highlights the utility of zebrafish as a model organism for understanding how anthropogenic chemicals, pharmaceuticals and bacteria exposure affect animals and human health via the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A. Adedara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Khadija A. Mohammed
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Babajide O. Ajayi
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O. Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Denis B. Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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5
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Vera LM, de Alba G, Santos S, Szewczyk TM, Mackenzie SA, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, Rey Planellas S. Circadian rhythm of preferred temperature in fish: Behavioural thermoregulation linked to daily photocycles in zebrafish and Nile tilapia. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103544. [PMID: 37055103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Ectothermic vertebrates, e.g. fish, maintain their body temperature within a specific physiological range mainly through behavioural thermoregulation. Here, we characterise the presence of daily rhythms of thermal preference in two phylogenetically distant and well-studied fish species: the zebrafish (Danio rerio), an experimental model, and the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an aquaculture species. We created a non-continuous temperature gradient using multichambered tanks according to the natural environmental range for each species. Each species was allowed to freely choose their preferred temperature during the 24h cycle over a long-term period. Both species displayed strikingly consistent temporal daily rhythms of thermal preference with higher temperatures being selected during the second half of the light phase and lower temperatures at the end of the dark phase, with mean acrophases at Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 5.37 h (zebrafish) and ZT 12.5 h (tilapia). Interestingly, when moved to the experimental tank, only tilapia displayed consistent preference for higher temperatures and took longer time to establish the thermal rhythms. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating both light-driven daily rhythm and thermal choice to refine our understanding of fish biology and improve the management and welfare of the diversity of fish species used in research and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Vera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo de Alba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvere Santos
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Tim M Szewczyk
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK; The Scottish Association for Marine Science, SAMS, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Simon A Mackenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sònia Rey Planellas
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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6
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Henry J, Bai Y, Kreuder F, Saaristo M, Kaslin J, Wlodkowic D. A miniaturized electrothermal array for rapid analysis of temperature preference behaviors in ecology and ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120202. [PMID: 36169081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to technical limitations, there have been minimal studies performed on thermal preferences and thermotactic behaviors of aquatic ectotherm species commonly used in ecotoxicity testing. In this work, we demonstrate an innovative, purpose-built and miniaturized electrothermal array for rapid thermal preference behavioral tests. We applied the novel platform to define thermal preferences in multiple invertebrate and vertebrate species. Specifically, Dugesia notogaea (freshwater planarians), Chironomus tepperi (nonbiting midge larvae), Ostracoda (seed shrimp), Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp), Daphnia carinata (water flea), Austrochiltonia subtenuis (freshwater amphipod), Physa acuta (freshwater snail), Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mud snail) and larval stage of Danio rerio (zebrafish) were tested. The Australian freshwater water fleas, amphipods, snail Physa acuta as well as zebrafish exhibited the most consistent preference to cool zones and clear avoidance of zones >27 °C out of nine species tested. Our results indicate the larval stage of zebrafish as the most responsive species highly suitable for prospective development of multidimensional behavioral test batteries. We also showcase preliminary data that environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceutical pollutants such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen (9800 ng/L) and insecticide imidacloprid (4600 ng/L) but not anti-depressant venlafaxine (2200 ng/L) and (iv) anticonvulsant medications gabapentin (400 ng/L) can perturb thermal preference behavior of larval zebrafish. Collectively our results demonstrate the utility of simple and inexpensive thermoelectric technology in rapid exploration of thermal preference in diverse species of aquatic animals. We postulate that more broadly such technologies can also have added value in ecotoxicity testing of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Henry
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Yutao Bai
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Florian Kreuder
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Minna Saaristo
- Environmental Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Macleod, Victoria, 3085, Australia
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3083, Australia. http://www.rmit.edu.au/staff/donald-wlodkowic
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7
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Ripley DM, Quinn FA, Dickson J, Arthur J, Shiels HA. Thermal preference does not align with optimal temperature for aerobic scope in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Exp Biol 2022; 225:278603. [PMID: 36305307 PMCID: PMC9845742 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Warming is predicted to have negative consequences for fishes by causing a mismatch between oxygen demand and supply, and a consequent reduction in aerobic scope (AS) and performance. This oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis features prominently in the literature but remains controversial. Within the OCLTT framework, we hypothesised that fish would select temperatures that maximise their AS, and thus their performance. We tested this hypothesis using intermittent flow respirometry to measure AS at, above (+2.5°C) and below (-2.5°C) the self-selected, preferred temperature (Tpref) of individual zebrafish (Danio rerio). AS was greatest 2.5°C above Tpref, which was driven by an increase in maximal metabolic rate. This mismatch between Tpref and the optimal temperature for AS suggests that factor(s) aside from AS maximisation influence the thermal preference of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Ripley
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Florence A. Quinn
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jessica Dickson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jack Arthur
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Holly A. Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
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8
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Lee CJ, Paull GC, Tyler CR. Improving zebrafish laboratory welfare and scientific research through understanding their natural history. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1038-1056. [PMID: 34983085 PMCID: PMC9303617 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globally, millions of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used for scientific laboratory experiments for which researchers have a duty of care, with legal obligations to consider their welfare. Considering the growing use of the zebrafish as a vertebrate model for addressing a diverse range of scientific questions, optimising their laboratory conditions is of major importance for both welfare and improving scientific research. However, most guidelines for the care and breeding of zebrafish for research are concerned primarily with maximising production and minimising costs and pay little attention to the effects on welfare of the environments in which the fish are maintained, or how those conditions affect their scientific research. Here we review the physical and social conditions in which laboratory zebrafish are kept, identifying and drawing attention to factors likely to affect their welfare and experimental science. We also identify a fundamental lack knowledge of how zebrafish interact with many biotic and abiotic features in their natural environment to support ways to optimise zebrafish health and well-being in the laboratory, and in turn the quality of scientific data produced. We advocate that the conditions under which zebrafish are maintained need to become a more integral part of research and that we understand more fully how they influence experimental outcome and in turn interpretations of the data generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole J. Lee
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope BuildingUniversity of ExeterStocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDU.K.
| | - Gregory C. Paull
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope BuildingUniversity of ExeterStocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDU.K.
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope BuildingUniversity of ExeterStocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDU.K.
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9
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de Abreu MS, Costa F, Giacomini ACVV, Demin KA, Zabegalov KN, Maslov GO, Kositsyn YM, Petersen EV, Strekalova T, Rosemberg DB, Kalueff AV. Towards Modeling Anhedonia and Its Treatment in Zebrafish. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 25:293-306. [PMID: 34918075 PMCID: PMC9017771 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders, especially depression, are a major cause of human disability. The loss of pleasure (anhedonia) is a common, severely debilitating symptom of clinical depression. Experimental animal models are widely used to better understand depression pathogenesis and to develop novel antidepressant therapies. In rodents, various experimental models of anhedonia have already been developed and extensively validated. Complementing rodent studies, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a powerful model organism to assess pathobiological mechanisms of affective disorders, including depression. Here, we critically discuss the potential of zebrafish for modeling anhedonia and studying its molecular mechanisms and translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil,Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fabiano Costa
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Drug Screening Platform, School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Gleb O Maslov
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia,Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Yuriy M Kositsyn
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Elena V Petersen
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Strekalova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Maastricht Medical Center Annadal, Maastricht, Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maasticht, the Netherlands,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov 1st Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Drug Screening Platform, School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia,Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibisk, Russia,Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia,Correspondence: Allan V. Kalueff, PhD, School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China ()
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10
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Buenhombre J, Daza-Cardona EA, Sousa P, Gouveia A. Different influences of anxiety models, environmental enrichment, standard conditions and intraspecies variation (sex, personality and strain) on stress and quality of life in adult and juvenile zebrafish: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:765-791. [PMID: 34592257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antagonist and long-lasting environmental manipulations (EM) have successfully induced or reduced the stress responses and quality of life of zebrafish. For instance, environmental enrichment (EE) generally reduces anxiety-related behaviours and improves immunity, while unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) and aquarium-related stressors generate the opposite effects. However, there is an absence of consistency in outcomes for some EM, such as acute exposure to stressors, social enrichment and some items of structural enrichment. Therefore, considering intraspecies variation (sex, personality, and strain), increasing intervention complexity while improving standardisation of protocols and contemplating the possibility that EE may act as a mild stressor on a spectrum between too much (UCS) and too little (standard conditions) stress intensity or stimulation, would reduce the inconsistencies of these outcomes. It would also help explore the mechanism behind stress resilience and to standardise EM protocols. Thus, this review critically analyses and compares knowledge existing over the last decade concerning environmental manipulations for zebrafish and the influences that sex, strain, and personality may have on behavioural, physiological, and fitness-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Buenhombre
- ICB Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | - Pêssi Sousa
- ICB Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Amauri Gouveia
- ICB Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belém, PA, Brazil
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11
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Wen J, Bo T, Zhao Z, Wang D. Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 in behavioral thermoregulation of the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus. Integr Zool 2021; 17:608-618. [PMID: 34498418 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature considerably affects the physiology and behavior of mammals. Thermosensory and thermoregulatory abilities play an important role in the response to changing ambient temperature in endotherms. However, the molecular mechanisms of behavioral thermoregulation remain poorly understood. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is activated by changes in ambient temperature and is involved in acute thermoregulation. Here, we aimed to determine whether TRPV1 is involved in behavioral thermoregulation in wild rodents by conducting 2 experiments. In the first, 42 adult Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus; 14 per treatment) were randomly assigned to 3 housing temperatures (4, 23, and 36°C) for 4 weeks. In the second, 20 gerbils (10 per treatment) were randomly injected with capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) or AMG517 (TRPV1 antagonist). The results showed a significant decrease in food intake and non-shivering thermogenesis in the gerbils housed at 36°C. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the preference of gerbils housed at 4°C to low temperatures. The expression of TRPV1 protein in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver was significantly positively correlated with that of protein kinase A (PKA). The expression of TRPV1 and PKA proteins in the BAT was positively correlated with the temperature preference of the gerbils. The gerbils injected with capsaicin preferred significantly lower temperatures than the control group gerbils. These findings suggest that TRPV1 and PKA are involved in behavioral thermoregulation in Mongolian gerbils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingbei Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Horváth G, Jiménez‐Robles O, Martín J, López P, De la Riva I, Herczeg G. Linking behavioral thermoregulation, boldness, and individual state in male Carpetan rock lizards. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10230-10241. [PMID: 33005378 PMCID: PMC7520217 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms affecting consistent interindividual behavioral variation (i.e., animal personality) are of wide scientific interest. In poikilotherms, ambient temperature is one of the most important environmental factors with a direct link to a variety of fitness-related traits. Recent empirical evidence suggests that individual differences in boldness are linked to behavioral thermoregulation strategy in heliothermic species, as individuals are regularly exposed to predators during basking. Here, we tested for links between behavioral thermoregulation strategy, boldness, and individual state in adult males of the high-mountain Carpetan rock lizard (Iberolacerta cyreni). Principal component analysis revealed the following latent links in our data: (i) a positive relationship of activity with relative limb length and color brightness (PC1, 23% variation explained), (ii) a negative relationship of thermoregulatory precision with parasite load and risk-taking (PC2, 20.98% variation explained), and (iii) a negative relationship between preferred body temperature and relative limb length (PC3, 19.23% variation explained). We conclude that differences in boldness and behavioral thermoregulatory strategy could be explained by both stable and labile state variables. The moderate link between behavioral thermoregulatory strategy and risk-taking personality in our system is plausibly the result of differences in reproductive state of individuals or variation in ecological conditions during the breeding season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Horváth
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Systematic Zoology and EcologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Octavio Jiménez‐Robles
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionResearch School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary BiologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain
| | - José Martín
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain
| | - Pilar López
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain
| | - Ignacio De la Riva
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary BiologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Systematic Zoology and EcologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
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13
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Demin KA, Lakstygal AM, Alekseeva PA, Sysoev M, de Abreu MS, Alpyshov ET, Serikuly N, Wang D, Wang M, Tang Z, Yan D, Strekalova TV, Volgin AD, Amstislavskaya TG, Wang J, Song C, Kalueff AV. The role of intraspecies variation in fish neurobehavioral and neuropharmacological phenotypes in aquatic models. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:44-55. [PMID: 30822702 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecies variation is common in both clinical and animal research of various brain disorders. Relatively well-studied in mammals, intraspecies variation in aquatic fish models and its role in their behavioral and pharmacological responses remain poorly understood. Like humans and mammals, fishes show high variance of behavioral and drug-evoked responses, modulated both genetically and environmentally. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a particularly useful model organism tool to access neurobehavioral and drug-evoked responses. Here, we discuss recent findings and the role of the intraspecies variance in neurobehavioral, pharmacological and toxicological studies utilizing zebrafish and other fish models. We also critically evaluate common sources of intraspecies variation and outline potential strategies to improve data reproducibility and translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina A Alekseeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Sysoev
- Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA; Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongMei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - MengYao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhiChong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongNi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tatyana V Strekalova
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - JiaJia Wang
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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14
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Nivelle R, Gennotte V, Kalala EJK, Ngoc NB, Muller M, Mélard C, Rougeot C. Temperature preference of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles induces spontaneous sex reversal. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212504. [PMID: 30763381 PMCID: PMC6375642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an African freshwater fish that displays a genetic sex determination system (XX|XY) where high temperatures (above 32°C to 36.5°C) induce masculinization. In Nile tilapia, the thermosensitive period was reported from 10 to 30 days post fertilization. In their natural environment, juveniles may encounter high temperatures that are above the optimal temperature for growth (27-30°C). The relevance of the thermal sex reversal mechanism in a natural context remains unclear. The main objective of our study is to determine whether sexually undifferentiated juveniles spontaneously prefer higher, unfavorable temperatures and whether this choice skews the sex ratio toward males. Five full-sib progenies (from 100% XX crosses) were subjected to (1) a horizontal three-compartment thermal step gradient (thermal continuum 28°C- 32°C- 36.5°C) during the thermosensitive period, (2) a control continuum (28°C- 28°C- 28°C) and (3) a thermal control tank (36.5°C). During the first days of the treatment, up to an average of 20% of the population preferred the masculinizing compartment of the thermal continuum (36.5°C) compared to the control continuum. During the second part of the treatment, juveniles preferred the lower, nonmasculinizing 32°C temperature. This short exposure to higher temperatures was sufficient to significantly skew the sex ratio toward males, compared to congeners raised at 28°C (from 5.0 ± 6.7% to 15.6 ± 16.5% of males). The proportion of males was significantly different in the thermal continuum, thermal control tank and control continuum, and it was positively correlated among populations. Our study shows for the first time that Nile tilapia juveniles can choose a masculinizing temperature during a short period of time. This preference is sufficient to induce sex reversal to males within a population. For the first time, behavior is reported as a potential player in the sex determination mechanism of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Nivelle
- Research and Education Center in Aquaculture (CEFRA), Liège University, Tihange, Belgium.,Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary research institute in the biomedical sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Gennotte
- Research and Education Center in Aquaculture (CEFRA), Liège University, Tihange, Belgium
| | | | - Nguyen Bich Ngoc
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary research institute in the biomedical sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary research institute in the biomedical sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Mélard
- Research and Education Center in Aquaculture (CEFRA), Liège University, Tihange, Belgium
| | - Carole Rougeot
- Research and Education Center in Aquaculture (CEFRA), Liège University, Tihange, Belgium
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15
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Zabegalov KN, Kolesnikova TO, Khatsko SL, Volgin AD, Yakovlev OA, Amstislavskaya TG, Friend AJ, Bao W, Alekseeva PA, Lakstygal AM, Meshalkina DA, Demin KA, de Abreu MS, Rosemberg DB, Kalueff AV. Understanding zebrafish aggressive behavior. Behav Processes 2019; 158:200-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Michelangeli M, Chapple DG, Goulet CT, Bertram MG, Wong BBM. Behavioral syndromes vary among geographically distinct populations in a reptile. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celine T Goulet
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael G Bertram
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Žák J, Reichard M, Gvoždík L. Limited differentiation of fundamental thermal niches within the killifish assemblage from shallow temporary waters. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:257-262. [PMID: 30509644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of ectothermic species is enabled among other factors by the differentiation of their thermal niches. While this phenomenon is well described from deep temperate lakes, it is unclear whether the same pattern applies to temporary pools. In this study, we examined fundamental thermal niches in three coexisting annual killifish species Nothobranchius furzeri, N. orthonotus and N. pienaari from temporary pools in southern Mozambique. We hypothesized that the disparate thermal requirements of the three congeneric species are a candidate niche component that facilitates their local coexistence. We estimated species' thermal requirements as preferred body temperatures (Tpref) in a horizontal thermal gradient. Under thermal gradient conditions, sympatric killifish maintained their body temperatures within similar Tpref ranges despite some variation in mean Tpref. The daily variation in water temperature in their native habitats enables killifish to thermoregulate at least for part of the diurnal cycle. We conclude that the coexistence of African annual killifish species is possible without the differentiation of their fundamental thermal niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic.
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18
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Tabin JA, Aspiras A, Martineau B, Riddle M, Kowalko J, Borowsky R, Rohner N, Tabin CJ. Temperature preference of cave and surface populations of Astyanax mexicanus. Dev Biol 2018; 441:338-344. [PMID: 29704470 PMCID: PMC6119108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic basis of behavioral choice, such as temperature preference, especially in natural populations. Thermal preference can play a key role in habitat selection, for example in aquatic species. Examining this behavior on a genetic level requires access to individuals or populations of the same species that display distinct temperature preferences. Caves provide a uniquely advantageous setting to tackle this problem, as animals colonizing caves encounter an environment that generally has a different, and far more stable, annual temperature than what is encountered on the outside. Here, we focus on cave and surface populations of Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra, and examine temperature preference and strength of temperature preference (reflected in the percent of time spent at the optimal temperature). We used a tank with a stable temperature gradient and automated tracking software to follow individual fish from each population. We found that distinct populations of A. mexicanus display differences in both temperature preference and strength of preference. Hybrid crosses established that these are multigenic traits that segregate independently from one another. Temperature preference in many aquatic animals is known to shift towards warmer temperatures following infection with parasites (akin to a fever response in humans). While surface fish infected by the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli (a gill fluke) displayed a strong fever response, cavefish showed a significantly attenuated fever response. This work establishes A. mexicanus as a genetically tractable system in which differences in temperature preference can be studied in naturally evolved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius A Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Ariel Aspiras
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Brian Martineau
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Misty Riddle
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Johanna Kowalko
- Department of Genetics, Developmental and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, 640 Sciences Hall II, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Richard Borowsky
- Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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19
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Villegas-Ríos D, Réale D, Freitas C, Moland E, Olsen EM. Personalities influence spatial responses to environmental fluctuations in wild fish. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1309-1319. [PMID: 29888445 PMCID: PMC6175438 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although growing evidence supports the idea that animal personality can explain plasticity in response to changes in the social environment, it remains to be tested whether it can explain spatial responses of individuals in the face of natural environmental fluctuations. This is a major challenge in ecology and evolution as spatial dynamics link individual- and population-level processes. In this study, we investigated the potential of individual personalities to predict differences in fish behaviour in the wild. Specifically, our goal was to answer if individual differences in plasticity of space use to sea surface temperature could be explained by differences in personality along the reactive-proactive axis. To address this question, we first conducted repeated standard laboratory assays (i.e., open-field test, novel object test and mirror stimulation test) to assess the personality type of 76 wild-caught Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Next, we released the fish back into the sea and monitored their spatial behaviour over large temporal (16 months) and spatial (a whole fjord) scales, using high-resolution acoustic tracking. We demonstrate that (a) cod personality traits are structured into a proactive-reactive syndrome (proactive fish being more bold, exploratory and aggressive), (b) mean depth use of individuals is mainly driven by sea temperature and (c) personality is a significant predictor of home range changes in the wild, where reactive, but not proactive, individuals reduced their home range as sea temperature increased. These findings expand our understanding of the ecological consequences of animal personality and the mechanisms shaping spatial dynamics of animals in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villegas-Ríos
- Population Genetics and Ecology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen, His, Norway
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carla Freitas
- Centre for Coastal Research (CCR), Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.,Oceanic Observatory of Madeira, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Even Moland
- Population Genetics and Ecology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen, His, Norway.,Centre for Coastal Research (CCR), Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Esben M Olsen
- Population Genetics and Ecology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen, His, Norway.,Centre for Coastal Research (CCR), Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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20
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Araujo-Silva H, Pinheiro-da-Silva J, Silva PF, Luchiari AC. Individual differences in response to alcohol exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198856. [PMID: 29879208 PMCID: PMC5991733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality traits are related to many aspects of one's life, including risk taking, sociability, and behavioral changes caused by psychoactive substances. This study aimed to investigate individual differences and behavioral changes due to alcohol exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). To that end, adult animals were separated into two behavioral profiles: bold and shy, according to their risk taking behavior in an emergence test. Bold and shy fish were allowed to explore a 5-chamber tank and were tested for exploration and sociability (shoaling behavior) following alcohol exposure. The acute drug exposure treatments were 0.0%, 0.1% and 0.5% (v/v%) alcohol. The behavioral parameters evaluated were average and maximum swimming speed, total distance traveled, total time spent immobile, and time spent near a shoal or exploring the tank. For the groups that received no alcohol (0.0% alcohol), shy individuals spent more time near the shoal than bold fish. However, 0.5% alcohol increased bold fish responsiveness to the shoal, while both 0.1% and 0.5% alcohol diminished shoaling in shy fish. Our results show that the behavioral profiles of zebrafish are affected differently by alcohol, with shy animals seemingly more sensitive to behavioral change due to drug exposure. Moreover, we confirm zebrafish as a model for alcohol induced functional (exploration and social behavior) changes that could be useful in high throughput drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloysa Araujo-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila F. Silva
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Luchiari
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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21
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Yuan M, Chen Y, Huang Y, Lu W. Behavioral and Metabolic Phenotype Indicate Personality in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Physiol 2018; 9:653. [PMID: 29899710 PMCID: PMC5988878 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistency of individual differences of animal behavior and personality in reactions to various environmental stresses among their life stages could reflect basic divergences in coping style which may affect survival, social rank, and reproductive success in the wild. However, the physiological mechanisms determining personality remain poorly understood. In order to study whether behavior, metabolism and physiological stress responses relate to the personality, we employed post-stress recovery assays to separate zebrafish into two behavioral types (proactive and reactive). The results demonstrated consistent difference among personality, behavior and metabolism in which proactive individuals were more aggressive, had higher standard metabolic rates and showed lower shuttled frequencies between dark and light compartments than the reactive ones. The behavioral variations were also linked to divergent acute salinity stress responses: proactive individuals adopted a swift locomotion behavior in response to acute salinity challenge while reactive individuals remain unchanged. Our results provide useful insight into how personality acts on correlated traits and the importance of a holistic approach to understanding the mechanisms driving persistent inter-individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Yuan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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22
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Michelangeli M, Goulet CT, Kang HS, Wong BBM, Chapple DG. Integrating thermal physiology within a syndrome: Locomotion, personality and habitat selection in an ectotherm. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Celine T. Goulet
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Hee S. Kang
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Bob B. M. Wong
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - David G. Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
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23
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Horký P, Slavík O, Douda K. Altered thermoregulation as a driver of host behaviour in glochidia-parasitised fish. J Exp Biol 2018; 222:jeb.184903. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.184903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasites alter their host behaviour and vice versa as a result of mutual adaptations in the evolutionary arms race. One of these adaptations involves changes in host thermoregulation, which has the potential to harm the parasite and thereby act as a defence mechanism. We used a model of the brown trout Salmo trutta experimentally parasitised with ectoparasitic larvae called glochidia from the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera to reveal whether parasitation alters fish behavioural thermoregulation. A study based on radio telemetry temperature sensors was performed during almost one year M. margaritifera parasitic stage. Glochidia infested S. trutta altered its thermoregulation through active searching for habitats with different thermal regimes. General preference for lower temperature of infested fish varied, being sometimes above, sometimes below the temperature preferred by uninfested individuals. Infested fish also preferred different temperatures across localities, while uninfested fish maintained their thermal preference no matter which stream they inhabited. Glochidia further induced the expression of a behavioural syndrome among S. trutta personality traits, suggesting that it might increase the probability that the fish host would occur in the glochidia temperature optimum. Our findings present the first evidence that thermoregulation plays a fundamental role in the relationship of affiliated mussels and their fish hosts. Incorporating thermoregulation issue in the study of this relationship can help to interpret results from previous behavioural studies as well as to optimise management measures related to endangered mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Horký
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, CZ 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slavík
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, CZ 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Douda
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, CZ 165 21, Czech Republic
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Colchen T, Teletchea F, Fontaine P, Pasquet A. Temperature modifies activity, inter-individual relationships and group structure in a fish. Curr Zool 2017; 63:175-183. [PMID: 29491975 PMCID: PMC5804161 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zow048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A host of abiotic factors modify fish social behavior. However, few studies have characterized the effects of temperature on behavior. In this study, brown trout Salmo trutta fry were reared at 5 different temperatures (4°C, 6°C, 8°C, 10°C, and 12°C). In order to characterize group structure, 3 behavioral parameters were investigated: group social structure (based on inter-individual distances), inter-individual relationships (based on physical contacts), and individual activity. These behavioral parameters were studied at the emergence stage, which corresponds to a switch from a social gregarious life in the gravel to a solitary one in the water column. Data analysis showed that the inter-individual distances increased with increasing temperature, particularly the nearest neighbor distance. The mean number of physical contacts between fry increased at both low and high temperatures. At high temperatures, most fry moved apart from each other after a physical contact. Swimming activity decreased at both the lower and upper temperatures (18% of activity at 4°C, 38% at 8°C, and 12% at 12°C). This study showed that temperature modifies brown trout fry activity, inter-individual relationships, and social behavior, which all affect group cohesion before emergence and can influence their survival and dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Colchen
- Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC INRA 340, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex 09, France and CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) Délégation Régionale Centre Est., 17 Rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Fabrice Teletchea
- Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC INRA 340, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex 09, France and CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) Délégation Régionale Centre Est., 17 Rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pascal Fontaine
- Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC INRA 340, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex 09, France and CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) Délégation Régionale Centre Est., 17 Rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alain Pasquet
- Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC INRA 340, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex 09, France and CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) Délégation Régionale Centre Est., 17 Rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Santi S, Rougeot C, Toguyeni A, Gennotte V, Kebe I, Melard C. Temperature Preference and Sex Differentiation in African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2017; 327:28-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saïdou Santi
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Research and Studies Laboratory (LERNSE); Institute of Rural Development (IDR); Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso; Bobo-Dioulasso; Burkina Faso
| | - Carole Rougeot
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
| | - Aboubacar Toguyeni
- Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Research and Studies Laboratory (LERNSE); Institute of Rural Development (IDR); Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso; Bobo-Dioulasso; Burkina Faso
| | - Vincent Gennotte
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
| | - Ibrahima Kebe
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
| | - Charles Melard
- Aquaculture Research and Education Center (CEFRA); University of Liège; Tihange Belgium
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Rey S, Huntingford FA, Knowles TG, Mackenzie S. Stress induced hyperthermia in zebrafish: a reply to Key et al. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2016.2124. [PMID: 28100815 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rey
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Felicity A Huntingford
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Toby G Knowles
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Simon Mackenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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McKenzie DJ, Belão TC, Killen SS, Rantin FT. To boldly gulp: standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 218:3762-70. [PMID: 26632454 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.122903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has bimodal respiration, it has a suprabranchial air-breathing organ alongside substantial gills. We used automated bimodal respirometry to reveal that undisturbed juvenile catfish (N=29) breathed air continuously in normoxia, with a marked diurnal cycle. Air breathing and routine metabolic rate (RMR) increased in darkness when, in the wild, this nocturnal predator forages. Aquatic hypoxia (20% air saturation) greatly increased overall reliance on air breathing. We investigated whether two measures of risk taking to breathe air, namely absolute rates of aerial O2 uptake (ṀO2,air) and the percentage of RMR obtained from air (%ṀO2,air), were influenced by individual standard metabolic rate (SMR) and boldness. In particular, whether any influence varied with resource availability (normoxia versus hypoxia) or relative fear of predation (day versus night). Individual SMR, derived from respirometry, had an overall positive influence on ṀO2,air across all contexts but a positive influence on %ṀO2,air only in hypoxia. Thus, a pervasive effect of SMR on air breathing became most acute in hypoxia, when individuals with higher O2 demand took proportionally more risks. Boldness was estimated as time required to resume air breathing after a fearful stimulus in daylight normoxia (Tres). Although Tres had no overall influence on ṀO2,air or %ṀO2,air, there was a negative relationship between Tres and %ṀO2,air in daylight, in normoxia and hypoxia. There were two Tres response groups, 'bold' phenotypes with Tres below 75 min (N=13) which, in daylight, breathed proportionally more air than 'shy' phenotypes with Tres above 115 min (N=16). Therefore, individual boldness influenced air breathing when fear of predation was high. Thus, individual energy demand and personality did not have parallel influences on the emergent tendency to take risks to obtain a resource; their influences varied in strength with context.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McKenzie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos SP, Brazil UMR9190 Centre for Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (Marbec), Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 5 34095, France
| | - Thiago C Belão
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, 14801-903, Araraquara SP, Brazil
| | - Shaun S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - F Tadeu Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos SP, Brazil
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Cerqueira M, Rey S, Silva T, Featherstone Z, Crumlish M, MacKenzie S. Thermal preference predicts animal personality in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1389-400. [PMID: 27219014 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental temperature gradients provide habitat structure in which fish orientate and individual thermal choice may reflect an essential integrated response to the environment. The use of subtle thermal gradients likely impacts upon specific physiological and behavioural processes reflected as a suite of traits described by animal personality. In this study, we examine the relationship between thermal choice, animal personality and the impact of infection upon this interaction. We predicted that thermal choice in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reflects distinct personality traits and that under a challenge individuals exhibit differential thermal distribution. Nile tilapia were screened following two different protocols: 1) a suite of individual behavioural tests to screen for personality and 2) thermal choice in a custom-built tank with a thermal gradient (TCH tank) ranging from 21 to 33 °C. A first set of fish were screened for behaviour and then thermal preference, and a second set were tested in the opposite fashion: thermal then behaviour. The final thermal distribution of the fish after 48 h was assessed reflecting final thermal preferendum. Additionally, fish were then challenged using a bacterial Streptococcus iniae model infection to assess the behavioural fever response of proactive and reactive fish. Results showed that individuals with preference for higher temperatures were also classified as proactive with behavioural tests and reactive contemporaries chose significantly lower water temperatures. All groups exhibited behavioural fever recovering personality-specific thermal preferences after 5 days. Our results show that thermal preference can be used as a proxy to assess personality traits in Nile tilapia and it is a central factor to understand the adaptive meaning of animal personality within a population. Importantly, response to infection by expressing behavioural fever overrides personality-related thermal choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cerqueira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sonia Rey
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Tome Silva
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Zoe Featherstone
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Margaret Crumlish
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Simon MacKenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Pathfoot Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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Perathoner S, Cordero-Maldonado ML, Crawford AD. Potential of zebrafish as a model for exploring the role of the amygdala in emotional memory and motivational behavior. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:445-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perathoner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB); University of Luxembourg; Belvaux Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexander D. Crawford
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB); University of Luxembourg; Belvaux Luxembourg
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31
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Suriyampola PS, Shelton DS, Shukla R, Roy T, Bhat A, Martins EP. Zebrafish Social Behavior in the Wild. Zebrafish 2016; 13:1-8. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piyumika S. Suriyampola
- Department of Biology, Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Delia S. Shelton
- Department of Biology, Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Rohitashva Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Tamal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Anuradha Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Emília P. Martins
- Department of Biology, Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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