1
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Kölling R. Interaction between ESCRT-III proteins and the yeast SERINC homolog Tms1. Genetics 2024; 228:iyae132. [PMID: 39271159 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III is involved in membrane remodeling and abscission during intraluminal vesicle (ILV) formation at endosomes. Our data now suggest that ESCRT-III function could be connected to lipid remodeling of the endosomal membrane. This notion is based on our finding that ESCRT-III proteins bind to the yeast serine incorporator (SERINC) homolog Tms1. Human SERINC3 and SERINC5 are HIV-1 restriction factors and have been shown to act as scramblases, flipping phospholipids between membrane leaflets. Due to the extraordinarily high sequence conservation between Tms1 and human SERINCs, it is likely that Tms1 is also a scramblase. While deletion of TMS1 had only a moderate effect on the sorting of multivesicular body (MVB) cargo proteins, the simultaneous deletion of a component of the Vps55/Vps68 complex led to a strong synergistic phenotype. This pronounced synergism suggests that Tms1 and Vps55/Vps68 perform a parallel function at endosomes. Vps55/Vps68 loosely resembles Tms1 in its overall structure. Thus, it is possible that Vps55/Vps68 is also a scramblase. Since both Vps55 and Tms1 physically interact with ESCRT-III proteins, we propose that the recruitment of a scramblase plays a crucial role in ESCRT-III-dependent membrane remodeling at endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kölling
- Institut für Lebensmittelwissenschaft und Biotechnologie, Fg. Hefegenetik und Gärungstechnologie, Universität Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Roca-Rivada A, Do Cruzeiro M, Denis RG, Zhang Q, Rouault C, Rouillé Y, Launay JM, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Mattot V, Clément K, Jockers R, Dam J. Whole-body deletion of Endospanin 1 protects from obesity-associated deleterious metabolic alterations. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e168418. [PMID: 38716728 PMCID: PMC11141941 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of the proper localization of most receptors at the cell surface is often underestimated, although this feature is essential for optimal receptor response. Endospanin 1 (Endo1) (also known as OBRGRP or LEPROT) is a protein generated from the same gene as the human leptin receptor and regulates the trafficking of proteins to the surface, including the leptin receptor. The systemic role of Endo1 on whole-body metabolism has not been studied so far. Here, we report that general Endo1-KO mice fed a high-fat diet develop metabolically healthy obesity with lipid repartitioning in organs and preferential accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, limited systematic inflammation, and better controlled glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, Endo1 interacts with the lipid translocase CD36, thus regulating its surface abundance and lipid uptake in adipocytes. In humans, the level of Endo1 transcripts is increased in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity, but low levels rather correlate with a profile of metabolically healthy obesity. We suggest here that Endo1, most likely by controlling CD36 cell surface abundance and lipid uptake in adipocytes, dissociates obesity from diabetes and that its absence participates in metabolically healthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Roca-Rivada
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruzeiro
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël G.P. Denis
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Rouault
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches, Nutriomics, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Virginie Mattot
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches, Nutriomics, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
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3
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Bejarano DH, Martínez RA, Rocha JF. Genome-wide association study for growth traits in Blanco Orejinegro and Romosinuano cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:358. [PMID: 37848724 PMCID: PMC10581918 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Growth traits are economically important characteristics for the genetic improvement of local cattle breeds. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide valuable information to enhance the understanding on the genetics of complex traits. The aim of this study was to perform a GWAS to identify genomic regions and genes associated to birth weight, weaning weight adjusted for 240 days, 16 months, and 24 months weight in Romosinuano (ROMO) and Blanco Orejinegro (BON) cattle. A single-step genomic-BLUP was implemented using 596 BON and 569 ROMO individuals that were genotyped with an Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. There were 25 regions of interest identified on different chromosomes, with few of them simultaneously associated with two or more growth traits and some were common to both breeds. The gene mapping allowed to find 173 annotations on these regions, from which 49 represent potential candidate genes with known growth-related functions in cattle and other species. Among the regions that were associated with several growth traits, that at 24 - 27 MB of BTA14, has important candidate genes such as LYPLA1, XKR4, TMEM68 and PLAG1. Another region of interest at 0.40-0.77 Mb of BTA23 was identified in both breeds, containing KHDRBS2 as a potential candidate gene influencing body weight. Future studies targeting these regions could provide more knowledge to uncover the genetic architecture underlying growth traits in BON and ROMO cattle. The genomic regions and genes identified in this study could be used to improve the prediction of genetic merit for growth traits in these creole cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego H Bejarano
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria -AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo A Martínez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria -AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Juan F Rocha
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria -AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km. 14, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
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4
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Anil AT, Choudhary K, Pandian R, Gupta P, Thakran P, Singh A, Sharma M, Mishra SK. Splicing of branchpoint-distant exons is promoted by Cactin, Tls1 and the ubiquitin-fold-activated Sde2. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10000-10014. [PMID: 36095128 PMCID: PMC9508853 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intron diversity facilitates regulated gene expression and alternative splicing. Spliceosomes excise introns after recognizing their splicing signals: the 5'-splice site (5'ss), branchpoint (BP) and 3'-splice site (3'ss). The latter two signals are recognized by U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) and its accessory factors (U2AFs), but longer spacings between them result in weaker splicing. Here, we show that excision of introns with a BP-distant 3'ss (e.g. rap1 intron 2) requires the ubiquitin-fold-activated splicing regulator Sde2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. By monitoring splicing-specific ura4 reporters in a collection of S. pombe mutants, Cay1 and Tls1 were identified as additional regulators of this process. The role of Sde2, Cay1 and Tls1 was further confirmed by increasing BP-3'ss spacings in a canonical tho5 intron. We also examined BP-distant exons spliced independently of these factors and observed that RNA secondary structures possibly bridged the gap between the two signals. These proteins may guide the 3'ss towards the spliceosome's catalytic centre by folding the RNA between the BP and 3'ss. Orthologues of Sde2, Cay1 and Tls1, although missing in the intron-poor Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are present in intron-rich eukaryotes, including humans. This type of intron-specific pre-mRNA splicing appears to have evolved for regulated gene expression and alternative splicing of key heterochromatin factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa T Anil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Karan Choudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Pandian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Praver Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Thakran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Shravan Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, 140306 Punjab, India
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5
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Troutman KK, Varlakhanova NV, Tornabene BA, Ramachandran R, Ford MGJ. Conserved Pib2 regions have distinct roles in TORC1 regulation at the vacuole. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259994. [PMID: 36000409 PMCID: PMC9584352 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TORC1 is a critical controller of cell growth in eukaryotes. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), the presence of nutrients is signaled to TORC1 by several upstream regulatory sensors that together coordinate TORC1 activity. TORC1 localizes to both vacuolar and endosomal membranes, where differential signaling occurs. This localization is mimicked by Pib2, a key upstream TORC1 regulator that is essential for TORC1 reactivation after nutrient starvation or pharmacological inhibition. Pib2 has both positive and negative effects on TORC1 activity, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we pinpoint the Pib2 inhibitory function on TORC1 to residues within short, conserved N-terminal regions. We also show that the Pib2 C-terminal regions, helical region E and tail, are essential for TORC1 reactivation. Furthermore, the Pib2 FYVE domain plays a role in vacuolar localization, but it is surprisingly unnecessary for recovery from rapamycin exposure. Using chimeric Pib2 targeting constructs, we show that endosomal localization is not necessary for TORC1 reactivation and cell growth after rapamycin treatment. Thus, a comprehensive molecular dissection of Pib2 demonstrates that each of its conserved regions differentially contribute to Pib2-mediated regulation of TORC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla K. Troutman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Natalia V. Varlakhanova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bryan A. Tornabene
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Marijn G. J. Ford
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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6
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Suzuki SW, Oishi A, Nikulin N, Jorgensen JR, Baile MG, Emr SD. A PX-BAR protein Mvp1/SNX8 and a dynamin-like GTPase Vps1 drive endosomal recycling. eLife 2021; 10:69883. [PMID: 34524084 PMCID: PMC8504969 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane protein recycling systems are essential for maintenance of the endosome-lysosome system. In yeast, retromer and Snx4 coat complexes are recruited to the endosomal surface, where they recognize cargos. They sort cargo and deform the membrane into recycling tubules that bud from the endosome and target to the Golgi. Here, we reveal that the SNX-BAR protein, Mvp1, mediates an endosomal recycling pathway that is mechanistically distinct from the retromer and Snx4 pathways. Mvp1 deforms the endosomal membrane and sorts cargos containing a specific sorting motif into a membrane tubule. Subsequently, Mvp1 recruits the dynamin-like GTPase Vps1 to catalyze membrane scission and release of the recycling tubule. Similarly, SNX8, the human homolog of Mvp1, which has been also implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, mediates formation of an endosomal recycling tubule. Thus, we present evidence for a novel endosomal retrieval pathway that is conserved from yeast to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho W Suzuki
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Akihiko Oishi
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Nadia Nikulin
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Jeff R Jorgensen
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Matthew G Baile
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Scott D Emr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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7
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Lancel S, Hesselink MK, Woldt E, Rouillé Y, Dorchies E, Delhaye S, Duhem C, Thorel Q, Mayeuf-Louchart A, Pourcet B, Montel V, Schaart G, Beton N, Picquet F, Briand O, Salles JP, Duez H, Schrauwen P, Bastide B, Bailleul B, Staels B, Sebti Y. Endospanin-2 enhances skeletal muscle energy metabolism and running endurance capacity. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98081. [PMID: 29720572 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stresses such as dietary energy restriction or physical activity exert beneficial metabolic effects. In the liver, endospanin-1 and endospanin-2 cooperatively modulate calorie restriction-mediated (CR-mediated) liver adaptations by controlling growth hormone sensitivity. Since we found CR to induce endospanin protein expression in skeletal muscle, we investigated their role in this tissue. In vivo and in vitro endospanin-2 triggers ERK phosphorylation in skeletal muscle through an autophagy-dependent pathway. Furthermore, endospanin-2, but not endospanin-1, overexpression decreases muscle mitochondrial ROS production, induces fast-to-slow fiber-type switch, increases skeletal muscle glycogen content, and improves glucose homeostasis, ultimately promoting running endurance capacity. In line, endospanin-2-/- mice display higher lipid peroxidation levels, increased mitochondrial ROS production under mitochondrial stress, decreased ERK phosphorylation, and reduced endurance capacity. In conclusion, our results identify endospanin-2 as a potentially novel player in skeletal muscle metabolism, plasticity, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Lancel
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Matthijs Kc Hesselink
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Deptartments of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Estelle Woldt
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Inserm, U1019, CNRS UMR-8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dorchies
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stephane Delhaye
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christian Duhem
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Quentin Thorel
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alicia Mayeuf-Louchart
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Pourcet
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Montel
- URePSS, Université de Lille, EA 7369, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Gert Schaart
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Deptartments of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Beton
- INSERM UMR1043 (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Paul Sabatier, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Picquet
- URePSS, Université de Lille, EA 7369, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Olivier Briand
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Pierre Salles
- INSERM UMR1043 (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Paul Sabatier, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Duez
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Deptartments of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno Bastide
- URePSS, Université de Lille, EA 7369, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bernard Bailleul
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yasmine Sebti
- Université de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.,Inserm, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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8
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Londraville RL, Prokop JW, Duff RJ, Liu Q, Tuttle M. On the Molecular Evolution of Leptin, Leptin Receptor, and Endospanin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:58. [PMID: 28443063 PMCID: PMC5385356 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a decade passed between Friedman's discovery of the mammalian leptin gene (1) and its cloning in fish (2) and amphibians (3). Since 2005, the concept of gene synteny conservation (vs. gene sequence homology) was instrumental in identifying leptin genes in dozens of species, and we now have leptin genes from all major classes of vertebrates. This database of LEP (leptin), LEPR (leptin receptor), and LEPROT (endospanin) genes has allowed protein structure modeling, stoichiometry predictions, and even functional predictions of leptin function for most vertebrate classes. Here, we apply functional genomics to model hundreds of LEP, LEPR, and LEPROT proteins from both vertebrates and invertebrates. We identify conserved structural motifs in each of the three leptin signaling proteins and demonstrate Drosophila Dome protein's conservation with vertebrate leptin receptors. We model endospanin structure for the first time and identify endospanin paralogs in invertebrate genomes. Finally, we argue that leptin is not an adipostat in fishes and discuss emerging knockout models in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lyle Londraville
- Program in Integrative Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
- *Correspondence: Richard Lyle Londraville,
| | | | - Robert Joel Duff
- Program in Integrative Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Program in Integrative Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Tuttle
- Program in Integrative Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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9
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Mattiazzi Ušaj M, Prelec M, Brložnik M, Primo C, Curk T, Ščančar J, Yenush L, Petrovič U. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae adiponectin receptor homolog Izh2 is involved in the regulation of zinc, phospholipid and pH homeostasis. Metallomics 2016; 7:1338-51. [PMID: 26067383 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The functional link between zinc homeostasis and membrane-related processes, including lipid metabolism regulation, extends from yeast to humans, and has a likely role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. The yeast Izh2 protein has been previously implicated in zinc ion homeostasis and in the regulation of lipid and phosphate metabolism, but its precise molecular function is not known. We performed a chemogenomics experiment to determine the genes conferring resistance or sensitivity to different environmental zinc concentrations. We then determined at normal, depleted and excess zinc concentrations, the genetic interactions of IZH2 at the genome-wide level and measured changes in the transcriptome caused by deletion of IZH2. We found evidence for an important cellular function of the Rim101 pathway in zinc homeostasis in neutral or acidic environments, and observed that phosphatidylinositol is a source of inositol when zinc availability is limited. Comparison of our experimental profiles with published gene expression and genetic interaction profiles revealed pleiotropic functions for Izh2. We propose that Izh2 acts as an integrator of intra- and extracellular signals in providing adequate cellular responses to maintain homeostasis under different external conditions, including - but not limited to - alterations in zinc concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Mattiazzi Ušaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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10
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Wang CX, Zhao AH. Leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LepROT) gene participates in insulin pathway through FoxO. Gene 2016; 587:64-9. [PMID: 27106118 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LepROT) is co-transcribed with the leptin receptor (LepR). However, the function and mechanism of LepROT in insulin pathway is unclear. In this study, we report the function of LepROT in maintaining consistent FoxO transcription. LepROT is constitutively expressed during larval development. 20-Hydroxyecdysone, methoprene, and insulin have no effect on the transcription of LepROT. However, the knockdown of LepROT by dsRNA injection in larvae causes delay of the development of Helicoverpa armigera. Knockdown of LepROT results in the upregulation of FoxO and downregulation of PI3K. The knockdown of LepROT also results in the subcellular translocation of FoxO from cytoplasm to nuclei. By contrast, overexpression of LepROT in the HaEpi cell line inhibits FoxO expression. Results suggest that LepROT participates in insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, 1155 Fudan West Street, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ai-Hua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, 1155 Fudan West Street, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi, China
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11
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Li Z, Blissard G. The vacuolar protein sorting genes in insects: A comparative genome view. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 62:211-225. [PMID: 25486452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, regulated vesicular trafficking is critical for directing protein transport and for recycling and degradation of membrane lipids and proteins. Through carefully regulated transport vesicles, the endomembrane system performs a large and important array of dynamic cellular functions while maintaining the integrity of the cellular membrane system. Genetic studies in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified approximately 50 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle trafficking, and most of these genes are also characterized in mammals. The VPS proteins form distinct functional complexes, which include complexes known as ESCRT, retromer, CORVET, HOPS, GARP, and PI3K-III. Little is known about the orthologs of VPS proteins in insects. Here, with the newly annotated Manduca sexta genome, we carried out genomic comparative analysis of VPS proteins in yeast, humans, and 13 sequenced insect genomes representing the Orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. Amino acid sequence alignments and domain/motif structure analyses reveal that most of the components of ESCRT, retromer, CORVET, HOPS, GARP, and PI3K-III are evolutionarily conserved across yeast, insects, and humans. However, in contrast to the VPS gene expansions observed in the human genome, only four VPS genes (VPS13, VPS16, VPS33, and VPS37) were expanded in the six insect Orders. Additionally, VPS2 was expanded only in species from Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. These studies provide a baseline for understanding the evolution of vesicular trafficking across yeast, insect, and human genomes, and also provide a basis for further addressing specific functional roles of VPS proteins in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Gary Blissard
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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12
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Woetzel D, Huber R, Kupfer P, Pohlers D, Pfaff M, Driesch D, Häupl T, Koczan D, Stiehl P, Guthke R, Kinne RW. Identification of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients by transcriptome-based rule set generation. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R84. [PMID: 24690414 PMCID: PMC4060460 DOI: 10.1186/ar4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discrimination of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from patients with other inflammatory or degenerative joint diseases or healthy individuals purely on the basis of genes differentially expressed in high-throughput data has proven very difficult. Thus, the present study sought to achieve such discrimination by employing a novel unbiased approach using rule-based classifiers. METHODS Three multi-center genome-wide transcriptomic data sets (Affymetrix HG-U133 A/B) from a total of 79 individuals, including 20 healthy controls (control group - CG), as well as 26 osteoarthritis (OA) and 33 RA patients, were used to infer rule-based classifiers to discriminate the disease groups. The rules were ranked with respect to Kiendl's statistical relevance index, and the resulting rule set was optimized by pruning. The rule sets were inferred separately from data of one of three centers and applied to the two remaining centers for validation. All rules from the optimized rule sets of all centers were used to analyze their biological relevance applying the software Pathway Studio. RESULTS The optimized rule sets for the three centers contained a total of 29, 20, and 8 rules (including 10, 8, and 4 rules for 'RA'), respectively. The mean sensitivity for the prediction of RA based on six center-to-center tests was 96% (range 90% to 100%), that for OA 86% (range 40% to 100%). The mean specificity for RA prediction was 94% (range 80% to 100%), that for OA 96% (range 83.3% to 100%). The average overall accuracy of the three different rule-based classifiers was 91% (range 80% to 100%). Unbiased analyses by Pathway Studio of the gene sets obtained by discrimination of RA from OA and CG with rule-based classifiers resulted in the identification of the pathogenetically and/or therapeutically relevant interferon-gamma and GM-CSF pathways. CONCLUSION First-time application of rule-based classifiers for the discrimination of RA resulted in high performance, with means for all assessment parameters close to or higher than 90%. In addition, this unbiased, new approach resulted in the identification not only of pathways known to be critical to RA, but also of novel molecules such as serine/threonine kinase 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Woetzel
- BioControl Jena GmbH, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rene Huber
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Kupfer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Pohlers
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
- Present address: Center of Diagnostics GmbH, Chemnitz Hospital, Flemmingstr. 2, 09116 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Michael Pfaff
- BioControl Jena GmbH, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dominik Driesch
- BioControl Jena GmbH, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Stiehl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 24, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
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Wu S, Grunwald T, Kharitonenkov A, Dam J, Jockers R, De Luca F. Increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) during chronic undernutrition causes growth hormone insensitivity in chondrocytes by inducing leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LEPROT) and leptin receptor overlapping transcript-like 1 (LEPROTL1) expression. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27375-27383. [PMID: 23940039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.462218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During calorie restriction in mice, increased expression of FGF21 causes growth attenuation and growth hormone (GH) insensitivity. Previous evidence also indicates that fasting-associated increased expression of leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LEPROT) and LEPROT-like 1 (LEPROTL1) (two proteins that regulate intracellular protein trafficking) reduces GH receptor cell-surface expression in the liver. Thus, we hypothesized that FGF21 causes GH insensitivity through regulation of LEPROT and/or LEPROTL1 expression. After 4 weeks of food restriction, LEPROT and LEPROTL1 mRNA expression in the liver and in the tibial growth plate of wild-type (WT) mice was increased compared with WT mice fed ad libitum. In Fgf21 knock-out (KO) mice, LEPROT and LEPROTL1 mRNA expression in food-restricted and fed ad libitum was similar, with the exception of a subgroup of food-restricted Fgf21 KO mice treated with recombinant human (rh) FGF21 that experienced increased LEPROT and LEPROTL1 mRNA expression compared with untreated food-restricted Fgf21 KO mice. In cultured growth plate chondrocytes, FGF21 stimulated LEPROT and LEPROTL1 mRNA expression, with such effect being prevented in chondrocytes transfected with FGFR1 siRNA or ERK1 siRNA. In cells transfected with control siRNA, GH increased [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, collagen X, and IGF-1 mRNA expression, with all effects being prevented by rhFGF21. In addition, rhFGF21 decreased (125)I-GH binding. In LEPROT siRNA- and/or LEPROTL1 siRNA-transfected cells, rhFGF21 did not prevent the GH stimulatory effects on thymidine incorporation, collagen X, and IGF-1 expression; furthermore, rhFGF21 did not prevent (125)I-GH binding. Consistent with the effects of rhFGF21, LEPROT overexpression in chondrocytes resulted in the inhibition of GH action. Our findings indicate that the increased expression of FGF21 during chronic undernutrition inhibits GH action on chondrocytes by activating LEPROT and LEPROTL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wu
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19134; First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Tal Grunwald
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19134
| | | | - Julie Dam
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris 75270, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris 75270, France
| | - Francesco De Luca
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19134.
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Hirvonen MJ, Büki KG, Sun Y, Mulari MTK, Härkönen PL, Väänänen KH. Novel interaction of Rab13 and Rab8 with endospanins. FEBS Open Bio 2013; 3:83-8. [PMID: 23772379 PMCID: PMC3668521 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases regulate vesicular traffic in eukaryotic cells by cycling between the active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. Their functions are modulated by the diverse selection of effector proteins that bind to specific Rabs in their activated state. We previously described the expression of Rab13 in bone cells. To search for novel Rab13 interaction partners, we screened a newborn rat bone marrow cDNA library for Rab13 effectors with a bacterial two-hybrid system. We found that Rab13 binds to the C-terminus of Endospanin-2, a small transmembrane protein. In addition to Rab13 also Rab8 bound to Endospanin-2, while no binding of Rab7, Rab10, Rab11 or Rab32 was observed. Rab13 and Rab8 also interacted with Endospanin-1, a close homolog of Endospanin-2. Rab13 and Endospanin-2 colocalised in perinuclear vesicular structures in Cos1 cells suggesting direct binding also in vivo. Endospanin-2 is implicated in the regulation of the cell surface growth hormone receptor (GHR), but the inhibition of Rab13 expression did not affect GHR cell surface expression. This suggests that the Rab13–Endospanin-2 interaction may have functions other than GHR regulation. In conclusion, we have identified a novel interaction for Rab13 and Rab8 with Endospanin-2 and Endospanin-1. The role of this interaction in cell physiology, however, remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirkka J Hirvonen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Erpapazoglou Z, Dhaoui M, Pantazopoulou M, Giordano F, Mari M, Léon S, Raposo G, Reggiori F, Haguenauer-Tsapis R. A dual role for K63-linked ubiquitin chains in multivesicular body biogenesis and cargo sorting. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:2170-83. [PMID: 22493318 PMCID: PMC3364180 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-10-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In yeast, the sorting of transmembrane proteins into the multivesicular body (MVB) internal vesicles requires their ubiquitylation by the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5. This allows their recognition by the ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs) of several endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) subunits. K63-linked ubiquitin (K63Ub) chains decorate several MVB cargoes, and accordingly we show that they localize prominently to the class E compartment, which accumulates ubiquitylated cargoes in cells lacking ESCRT components. Conversely, yeast cells unable to generate K63Ub chains displayed MVB sorting defects. These properties are conserved among eukaryotes, as the mammalian melanosomal MVB cargo MART-1 is modified by K63Ub chains and partly missorted when the genesis of these chains is inhibited. We show that all yeast UBD-containing ESCRT proteins undergo ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation, some being modified through the opposing activities of Rsp5 and the ubiquitin isopeptidase Ubp2, which are known to assemble and disassemble preferentially K63Ub chains, respectively. A failure to generate K63Ub chains in yeast leads to an MVB ultrastructure alteration. Our work thus unravels a double function of K63Ub chains in cargo sorting and MVB biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Erpapazoglou
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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16
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Zheng ZY, Cheng CM, Fu XR, Chen LY, Xu L, Terrillon S, Wong ST, Bar-Sagi D, Songyang Z, Chang EC. CHMP6 and VPS4A mediate the recycling of Ras to the plasma membrane to promote growth factor signaling. Oncogene 2012; 31:4630-8. [PMID: 22231449 PMCID: PMC3326214 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While Ras is well-known to function on the plasma membrane (PM) to mediate growth factor signaling, increasing evidence suggests that Ras has complex roles in the cytoplasm. To uncover these roles, we screened a cDNA library and isolated H-Ras-binding proteins that also influence Ras functions. Many isolated proteins regulate trafficking involving endosomes; CHMP6/VPS20 and VPS4A, which interact with ESCRT-III, were chosen for further study. We showed that the binding is direct and occurs in endosomes. Furthermore, the binding is most efficient when H-Ras has a functional effector-binding-loop and is GTP-bound and ubiquitylated. CHMP6 and VPS4A also bound N-Ras, but not K-Ras. Repressing CHMP6 and VPS4A blocked Ras-induced transformation, which correlated with inefficient Ras localization to the PM as measured by cell fractionation and photobleaching. Moreover, silencing CHMP6 and VPS4A also blocked EGFR recycling. These data suggest that Ras interacts with key ESCRT-III components to promote recycling of itself and EGFR back to the PM to create a positive feedback loop to enhance growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Y Zheng
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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17
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Séron K, Couturier C, Belouzard S, Bacart J, Monté D, Corset L, Bocquet O, Dam J, Vauthier V, Lecœur C, Bailleul B, Hoflack B, Froguel P, Jockers R, Rouillé Y. Endospanins regulate a postinternalization step of the leptin receptor endocytic pathway. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17968-81. [PMID: 21454707 PMCID: PMC3093871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.224857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endospanin-1 is a negative regulator of the cell surface expression of leptin receptor (OB-R), and endospanin-2 is a homologue of unknown function. We investigated the mechanism for endospanin-1 action in regulating OB-R cell surface expression. Here we show that endospanin-1 and -2 are small integral membrane proteins that localize in endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. Antibody uptake experiments showed that both endospanins are transported to the plasma membrane and then internalized into early endosomes but do not recycle back to the trans-Golgi network. Overexpression of endospanin-1 or endospanin-2 led to a decrease of OB-R cell surface expression, whereas shRNA-mediated depletion of each protein increased OB-R cell surface expression. This increased cell surface expression was not observed with OB-Ra mutants defective in endocytosis or with transferrin and EGF receptors. Endospanin-1 or endospanin-2 depletion did not change the internalization rate of OB-Ra but slowed down its lysosomal degradation. Thus, both endospanins are regulators of postinternalization membrane traffic of the endocytic pathway of OB-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Séron
- From the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, 59021 Lille, France
- the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8204, 59021 Lille, France
- the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1019, 59021 Lille, France
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Cyril Couturier
- From the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, 59021 Lille, France
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
- the Institut Cochin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, CNRS, Department of Cell Biology, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- INSERM Unité 1016, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Belouzard
- the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8204, 59021 Lille, France
- the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1019, 59021 Lille, France
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Johan Bacart
- From the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, 59021 Lille, France
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Didier Monté
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
- CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8161, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Laetitia Corset
- From the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, 59021 Lille, France
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Bocquet
- From the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, 59021 Lille, France
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Julie Dam
- the Institut Cochin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, CNRS, Department of Cell Biology, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- INSERM Unité 1016, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Vauthier
- the Institut Cochin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, CNRS, Department of Cell Biology, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- INSERM Unité 1016, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Lecœur
- From the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, 59021 Lille, France
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Bernard Bailleul
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
- INSERM Unité 1011, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Bernard Hoflack
- the Biotechnological Center, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Philippe Froguel
- From the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, 59021 Lille, France
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
- the Department of Genomic Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Jockers
- the Institut Cochin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, CNRS, Department of Cell Biology, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- INSERM Unité 1016, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8204, 59021 Lille, France
- the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1019, 59021 Lille, France
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 59021, France
- the Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille, France
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Zhao J, Lin W, Ma X, Lu Q, Ma X, Bian G, Jiang L. The protein kinase Hal5p is the high-copy suppressor of lithium-sensitive mutations of genes involved in the sporulation and meiosis as well as the ergosterol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genomics 2010; 95:290-8. [PMID: 20206679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
From a genome-scale genetic screen, we have identified 114 lithium-sensitive and 6 lithium-tolerant gene mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Twenty-five of these identified lithium-sensitive mutations are of genes previously reported to be involved in sporulation and meiosis, whereas thirty-six of them are of genes involved in the vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) pathway, mainly functioning in the membrane docking and fusion. Accordingly, the lithium-sensitive phenotypes for one third of identified VPS mutants well correlate to their intracellular lithium contents in response to lithium stress. This indicates the integrity of the VPS pathway is critic for the ion homeostasis in yeast cells. The halotolerant protein kinase Hal5p, a regulator of the potassium transporter Trk1p, is shown to be the high-copy suppressor of nearly one third of identified lithium-sensitive mutations of genes involved in the sporulation and meiosis as well as in the biosynthesis of ergosterol. These results suggest that Hal5p-mediated ion homeostasis is important for these two biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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19
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Touvier T, Conte-Auriol F, Briand O, Cudejko C, Paumelle R, Caron S, Baugé E, Rouillé Y, Salles JP, Staels B, Bailleul B. LEPROT and LEPROTL1 cooperatively decrease hepatic growth hormone action in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:3830-8. [PMID: 19907080 DOI: 10.1172/jci34997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a major metabolic regulator that functions by stimulating lipolysis, preventing protein catabolism, and decreasing insulin-dependent glucose disposal. Modulation of hepatic sensitivity to GH and the downstream effects on the GH/IGF1 axis are important events in the regulation of metabolism in response to variations in food availability. For example, during periods of reduced nutrient availability, the liver becomes resistant to GH actions. However, the mechanisms controlling hepatic GH resistance are currently unknown. Here, we investigated the role of 2 tetraspanning membrane proteins, leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LEPROT; also known as OB-RGRP) and LEPROT-like 1 (LEPROTL1), in controlling GH sensitivity. Transgenic mice expressing either human LEPROT or human LEPROTL1 displayed growth retardation, reduced plasma IGF1 levels, and impaired hepatic sensitivity to GH, as measured by STAT5 phosphorylation and Socs2 mRNA expression. These phenotypes were accentuated in transgenic mice expressing both proteins. Moreover, gene silencing of either endogenous Leprot or Leprotl1 in H4IIE hepatocytes increased GH signaling and enhanced cell-surface GH receptor. Importantly, we found that both LEPROT and LEPROTL1 expression were regulated in the mouse liver by physiologic and pathologic changes in glucose homeostasis. Together, these data provide evidence that LEPROT and LEPROTL1 influence liver GH signaling and that regulation of the genes encoding these proteins may constitute a molecular link between nutritional signals and GH actions on body growth and metabolism.
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20
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Essary BD, Marshall PA. Assessment of FUN-1 vital dye staining: Yeast with a block in the vacuolar sorting pathway have impaired ability to form CIVS when stained with FUN-1 fluorescent dye. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 78:208-12. [PMID: 19501122 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
FUN-1 [2-chloro-4-(2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-(benzo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-methylidene)-1-phenylquinolinium iodide] is a fluorescent dye used in studies of yeast and other fungi to monitor cell viability in the research lab and to assay for active fungal infection in the clinical setting. When the plasma membrane is intact, fungal cells internalize FUN-1 and the dye is seen as diffuse green cytosolic fluorescence. FUN-1 is then transported to the vacuole in metabolically active wild type cells and subsequently is compacted into fluorescent red cylindrical intravacuolar structures (CIVS) by an unknown transport pathway. This dye is used to determine yeast viability, as only live cells form CIVS. However, in live Saccharomyces cerevisiae with impaired protein sorting to the yeast vacuole, we report decreased to no CIVS formation, depending on the cellular location of the block in the sorting pathway. Cells with a block in vesicle-mediated transport from the Golgi to prevacuolar compartment (PVC) or with a block in recycling from the PVC to the Golgi demonstrate a substantial impairment in CIVS formation. Instead, the FUN-1 dye is seen either in small punctate structures under fluorescence or as diffuse red cytosol under white light. Thus, researchers using FUN-1 should be cognizant of the limitations of this procedure in determining cell viability as there are viable yeast mutants with impaired CIVS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandin D Essary
- Division of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85069, United States
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21
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Jiang H, Yin Y, Zhang X, Hu S, Wang Q. Chasing relationships between nutrition and reproduction: A comparative transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas and testis from Eriocheir sinensis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2009; 4:227-34. [PMID: 20403758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a delicate relationship between nutrition and reproduction of mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). The crabs store significant amounts of energy in hepatopancreas, which is prepared for significant energy output and expenditure during reproduction, but the internal molecular mechanism has never been known. Here we present the first relationship between hepatopancreas and testis of E. sinensis. We acquired 6287 high quality expressed sequence tags (EST), representing 3829 unigenes totally, from healthy male mitten crabs of first grade. We investigated the Gene Ontology and the main metabolism processes of hepatopancreas and testis from E. sinensis. Genes most likely expressed more frequently and localized in hepatopancreas, and abundant genes from testis for multiple functions. Many genes important for the nutrition regulation are in the EST resource, including arginine kinase, leptin receptor-like protein, seminal plasma glycoprotein 120, and many kinds of zinc finger proteins. The EST data also revealed genes such as heat shock protein 70, testis enhanced gene transcript (TEGT), Cyclin K, etc. predicted to play important roles in regulation of reproduction mechanisms. Among these genes, alignment of leptin receptor-like protein and vasa-like protein from E. sinensis and other species showed even more genomic information on E. sinensis. We identified seventeen genes relevant to control of nutrition mechanisms and eleven genes involved in regulation of reproduction. And this study provides insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms of nutrition and reproduction in the crab. Such information would facilitate the optimization of breeding in the aquaculture of mitten crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Pryor PR, Luzio JP. Delivery of endocytosed membrane proteins to the lysosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:615-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Schluter C, Lam KK, Brumm J, Wu BW, Saunders M, Stevens TH, Bryan J, Conibear E. Global analysis of yeast endosomal transport identifies the vps55/68 sorting complex. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:1282-94. [PMID: 18216282 PMCID: PMC2291407 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-07-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal transport is critical for cellular processes ranging from receptor down-regulation and retroviral budding to the immune response. A full understanding of endosome sorting requires a comprehensive picture of the multiprotein complexes that orchestrate vesicle formation and fusion. Here, we use unsupervised, large-scale phenotypic analysis and a novel computational approach for the global identification of endosomal transport factors. This technique effectively identifies components of known and novel protein assemblies. We report the characterization of a previously undescribed endosome sorting complex that contains two well-conserved proteins with four predicted membrane-spanning domains. Vps55p and Vps68p form a complex that acts with or downstream of ESCRT function to regulate endosomal trafficking. Loss of Vps68p disrupts recycling to the TGN as well as onward trafficking to the vacuole without preventing the formation of lumenal vesicles within the MVB. Our results suggest the Vps55/68 complex mediates a novel, conserved step in the endosomal maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayetana Schluter
- *Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Karen K.Y. Lam
- *Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jochen Brumm
- Department of Statistics and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada; and
| | - Bella W. Wu
- *Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Matthew Saunders
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229
| | - Tom H. Stevens
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1229
| | - Jennifer Bryan
- Department of Statistics and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada; and
| | - Elizabeth Conibear
- *Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Silencing of OB-RGRP in mouse hypothalamic arcuate nucleus increases leptin receptor signaling and prevents diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:19476-81. [PMID: 18042720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706671104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem and is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Leptin is the crucial adipostatic hormone that controls food intake and body weight through the activation of specific leptin receptors (OB-R) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). However, in most obese patients, high circulating levels of leptin fail to bring about weight loss. The prevention of this "leptin resistance" is a major goal for obesity research. We report here a successful prevention of diet-induced obesity (DIO) by silencing a negative regulator of OB-R function, the OB-R gene-related protein (OB-RGRP), whose transcript is genetically linked to the OB-R transcript. We provide in vitro evidence that OB-RGRP controls OB-R function by negatively regulating its cell surface expression. In the DIO mouse model, obesity was prevented by silencing OB-RGRP through stereotactic injection of a lentiviral vector encoding a shRNA directed against OB-RGRP in the ARC. This work demonstrates that OB-RGRP is a potential target for obesity treatment. Indeed, regulators of the receptor could be more appropriate targets than the receptor itself. This finding could serve as the basis for an approach to identifying potential new therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases, including obesity.
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25
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Froissard M, Belgareh-Touzé N, Dias M, Buisson N, Camadro JM, Haguenauer-Tsapis R, Lesuisse E. Trafficking of siderophore transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and intracellular fate of ferrioxamine B conjugates. Traffic 2007; 8:1601-16. [PMID: 17714436 PMCID: PMC2171038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the intracellular trafficking of Sit1 [ferrioxamine B (FOB) transporter] and Enb1 (enterobactin transporter) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins. Enb1 was constitutively targeted to the plasma membrane. Sit1 was essentially targeted to the vacuolar degradation pathway when synthesized in the absence of substrate. Massive plasma membrane sorting of Sit1 was induced by various siderophore substrates of Sit1, and by coprogen, which is not a substrate of Sit1. Thus, different siderophore transporters use different regulated trafficking processes. We also studied the fate of Sit1-mediated internalized siderophores. Ferrioxamine B was recovered in isolated vacuolar fractions, where it could be detected spectrophotometrically. Ferrioxamine B coupled to an inhibitor of mitochondrial protoporphyrinogen oxidase (acifluorfen) could not reach its target unless the cells were disrupted, confirming the tight compartmentalization of siderophores within cells. Ferrioxamine B coupled to a fluorescent moiety, FOB-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, used as a Sit1-dependent iron source, accumulated in the vacuolar lumen even in mutants displaying a steady-state accumulation of Sit1 at the plasma membrane or in endosomal compartments. Thus, the fates of siderophore transporters and siderophores diverge early in the trafficking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Froissard
- Laboratoire Trafic intracellulaire des protéines dans la levure, Département de biologie Cellulaire, Institut Jacques MonodUnité Mixte de Recherche 7592 CNRS-Universités Paris 6 et 7, France
| | - Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
- Laboratoire Trafic intracellulaire des protéines dans la levure, Département de biologie Cellulaire, Institut Jacques MonodUnité Mixte de Recherche 7592 CNRS-Universités Paris 6 et 7, France
| | - Marylène Dias
- Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (CIMMA)Unité Mixte de Recherche 6200 CNRS, Université d’Angers, France
| | - Nicole Buisson
- Laboratoire Trafic intracellulaire des protéines dans la levure, Département de biologie Cellulaire, Institut Jacques MonodUnité Mixte de Recherche 7592 CNRS-Universités Paris 6 et 7, France
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Protéines et Contrôle Métabolique, Département de Biologie des Génomes, Institut Jacques MonodUnité Mixte de Recherche 7592 CNRS-Universités Paris 6 et 7, France
| | - Rosine Haguenauer-Tsapis
- Laboratoire Trafic intracellulaire des protéines dans la levure, Département de biologie Cellulaire, Institut Jacques MonodUnité Mixte de Recherche 7592 CNRS-Universités Paris 6 et 7, France
| | - Emmanuel Lesuisse
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Protéines et Contrôle Métabolique, Département de Biologie des Génomes, Institut Jacques MonodUnité Mixte de Recherche 7592 CNRS-Universités Paris 6 et 7, France
- Emmanuel Lesuisse,
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Wiradjaja F, Ooms LM, Tahirovic S, Kuhne E, Devenish RJ, Munn AL, Piper RC, Mayinger P, Mitchell CA. Inactivation of the Phosphoinositide Phosphatases Sac1p and Inp54p Leads to Accumulation of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate on Vacuole Membranes and Vacuolar Fusion Defects. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:16295-307. [PMID: 17392273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701038200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides direct membrane trafficking, facilitating the recruitment of effectors to specific membranes. In yeast phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) isproposed to regulate vacuolar fusion; however, in intact cells this phosphoinositide can only be detected at the plasma membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the 5-phosphatase, Inp54p, dephosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 forming PtdIns(4)P, a substrate for the phosphatase Sac1p, which hydrolyzes (PtdIns(4)P). We investigated the role these phosphatases in regulating PtdIns(4,5)P2 subcellular distribution. PtdIns(4,5)P2 bioprobes exhibited loss of plasma membrane localization and instead labeled a subset of fragmented vacuoles in Deltasac1 Deltainp54 and sac1ts Deltainp54 mutants. Furthermore, sac1ts Deltainp54 mutants exhibited vacuolar fusion defects, which were rescued by latrunculin A treatment, or by inactivation of Mss4p, a PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase that synthesizes plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P2. Under these conditions PtdIns(4,5)P2 was not detected on vacuole membranes, and vacuole morphology was normal, indicating vacuolar PtdIns(4,5)P2 derives from Mss4p-generated plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P2. Deltasac1 Deltainp54 mutants exhibited delayed carboxypeptidase Y sorting, cargo-selective secretion defects, and defects in vacuole function. These studies reveal PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis by lipid phosphatases governs its spatial distribution, and loss of phosphatase activity may result in PtdIns(4,5)P2 accumulation on vacuole membranes leading to vacuolar fragmentation/fusion defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenny Wiradjaja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Zhang F, Hopwood P, Abrams CC, Downing A, Murray F, Talbot R, Archibald A, Lowden S, Dixon LK. Macrophage transcriptional responses following in vitro infection with a highly virulent African swine fever virus isolate. J Virol 2006; 80:10514-21. [PMID: 17041222 PMCID: PMC1641748 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00485-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a porcine microarray containing 2,880 cDNAs to investigate the response of macrophages to infection by a virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolate, Malawi LIL20/1. One hundred twenty-five targets were found to be significantly altered at either or both 4 h and 16 h postinfection compared with targets after mock infection. These targets were assigned into three groups according to their temporal expression profiles. Eighty-six targets showed increased expression levels at 4 h postinfection but returned to expression levels similar to those in mock-infected cells at 16 h postinfection. These encoded several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, surface proteins, and proteins involved in cell signaling and trafficking pathways. Thirty-four targets showed increased expression levels at 16 h postinfection compared to levels at 4 h postinfection and in mock-infected cells. One host gene showed increased expression levels at both 4 and 16 h postinfection compared to levels in mock-infected cells. The microarray results were validated for 12 selected genes by quantitative real-time PCR. Levels of protein expression and secretion were measured for two proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, during a time course of infection with either the virulent Malawi LIL20/1 isolate or the OUR T88/3 nonpathogenic isolate. The results revealed differences between these two ASFV isolates in the amounts of these cytokines secreted from infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Zhang
- Institute for Animal Health Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 ONF, United Kingdom
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28
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Froissard M, Belgareh-Touzé N, Buisson N, Desimone M, Frommer WB, Haguenauer-Tsapis R. Heterologous expression of a plant uracil transporter in yeast: Improvement of plasma membrane targeting in mutants of the Rsp5p ubiquitin protein ligase. Biotechnol J 2006; 1:308-20. [PMID: 16897711 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane proteins involved in transport processes play a crucial role in cell physiology. On account of these properties, these molecules are ideal targets for development of new therapeutic and agronomic agents. However, these proteins are of low abundance, which limits their study. Although yeast seems ideal for expressing heterologous transporters, plasma membrane proteins are often retained in intracellular compartments. We tried to find yeast mutants potentially able to improve functional expression of a whole set of heterologous transporters. We focused on Arabidopsis thaliana ureide transporter 1 (AtUPS1), previously cloned by functional complementation in yeast. Tagged versions of AtUPS1 remain mostly trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum and were able to reach slowly the plasma membrane. In contrast, untagged AtUPS1 is rapidly delivered to plasma membrane, where it remains in stable form. Tagged and untagged versions of AtUPS1 were expressed in cells deficient in the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p, involved in various stages of the intracellular trafficking of membrane-bound proteins. rsp5 mutants displayed improved steady state amounts of untagged and tagged versions of AtUPS1. rsp5 cells are thus powerful tools to solve the many problems inherent to heterologous expression of membrane proteins in yeast, including ER retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Froissard
- Institut Jacques Monod-CNRS, Université Paris VI and Paris VII, Paris, France
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29
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Abstract
Multivesicular endosomes or prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) are membrane-bound organelles that play an important role in mediating protein traffic in the secretory and endocytic pathways of eukaryotic cells. PVCs function as an intermediate compartment for sorting proteins from the Golgi apparatus to vacuoles, sending missorted proteins back to the Golgi from the PVC, and receiving proteins from plasma membrane in the endocytic pathway. PVCs have been identified as multivesicular bodies in mammalian cells and yeast and more recently in plant cells. Whereas much is known about PVC-mediated protein trafficking and PVC biogenesis in mammalian cells and yeast, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanism of plant PVCs. In this review, we summarize and discuss our understanding of the plant PVC and compare it with its counterparts in yeast and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beixin Mo
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biotechnology Program, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Bowers K, Stevens TH. Protein transport from the late Golgi to the vacuole in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1744:438-54. [PMID: 15913810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The late Golgi compartment is a major protein sorting station in the cell. Secreted proteins, cell surface proteins, and proteins destined for endosomes or lysosomes must be sorted from one another at this compartment and targeted to their correct destinations. The molecular details of protein trafficking pathways from the late Golgi to the endosomal system are becoming increasingly well understood due in part to information obtained by genetic analysis of yeast. It is now clear that proteins identified in yeast have functional homologues (orthologues) in higher organisms. We will review the molecular mechanisms of protein targeting from the late Golgi to endosomes and to the vacuole (the equivalent of the mammalian lysosome) of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bowers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical, Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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31
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Richards MP, Poch SM. Molecular cloning and expression of the turkey leptin receptor gene. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 136:833-47. [PMID: 14662306 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding the long form of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) leptin receptor (LEPR) was cloned and sequenced. Turkey LEPR showed greater than 90% sequence identity at both the nucleotide and amino acid level with chicken LEPR. The LEPR gene (long form) encodes a protein of 1147 amino acids that has features similar to other LEPRs including: a signal peptide, a single transmembrane domain, and specific conserved motifs defining putative leptin-binding and signal transduction regions of the protein. In addition, a LEPR gene-related protein (LEPR-GRP) mRNA transcript was also identified and a portion of the corresponding cDNA containing the complete coding region was sequenced. The turkey LEPR-GRP gene encodes a 14-kDa (131 amino acids) protein that is distinct from LEPR. LEPR gene expression was quantified relative to beta-actin in total RNA samples isolated from various tissues of 3-week-old turkey poults. Expression of LEPR was highest in brain, spleen and lung tissue with lower levels of expression in kidney, pancreas, duodenum, liver, fat and breast muscle. In developing turkey embryos, expression of LEPR was highest in brain tissue throughout incubation (days 14-28). Expression of LEPR in embryonic liver tissue peaked at day 16 and then declined toward hatching (day 28). Yolk sac expression of LEPR declined from day 14 to day 20 and then increased toward hatching. Our findings clearly demonstrate the expression of LEPR and LEPR-GRP in different tissues during embryonic and post-hatch development. In conclusion, this is the first report to identify and characterize LEPR and LEPR-GRP gene homologues in the domestic turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Richards
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 200, Room 206, BARC-East Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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32
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Chesneau L, Dupré S, Burdina A, Roger J, Le Panse S, Jacquet M, Cuif MH. Gyp5p and Gyl1p are involved in the control of polarized exocytosis in budding yeast. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:4757-67. [PMID: 15331637 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here elements for functional characterization of two members of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ypt/Rab GTPase activating proteins family (GAP): Gyp5p, a potent GAP in vitro for Ypt1p and Sec4p, and the protein Ymr192wp/APP2 that we propose to rename Gyl1p (GYp like protein). Immunofluorescence experiments showed that Gyp5p and Gyl1p partly colocalize at the bud emergence site, at the bud tip and at the bud neck during cytokinesis. Subcellular fractionation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that Gyp5p and Gyl1p co-fractionate with post-Golgi vesicles and plasma membrane, and belong to the same protein complexes in both localizations. We found by co-immunoprecipitation experiments that a fraction of Gyp5p interacts with Sec4p, a small GTPase involved in exocytosis, and that a fraction of Gyl1p associates at the plasma membrane with the Gyp5p/Sec4p complexes. We showed also that GYP5 genetically interacts with SEC2, which encodes the Sec4p exchange factor. Examination of the gyp5Δgyl1Δ mutants grown at 13°C revealed a slight growth defect, a secretion defect and an accumulation of secretory vesicles in the small-budded cells. These data suggest that Gyp5p and Gyl1p are involved in control of polarized exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Chesneau
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, CNRS-UMR 8621, Université Paris XI, 91 405 Orsay Cédex, France
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Belgareh-Touzé N, Corral-Debrinski M, Launhardt H, Galan JM, Munder T, Le Panse S, Haguenauer-Tsapis R. Yeast functional analysis: identification of two essential genes involved in ER to Golgi trafficking. Traffic 2003; 4:607-17. [PMID: 12911815 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0854.2003.00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We screened for genes potentially involved in the secretory and vacuolar pathways a collection of 61 yeast strains, each bearing an essential orphan gene regulated by the tetO7-CYC1 promoter that can be down-regulated by doxycycline. After down-regulating the expression of these genes, we performed systematic Western blot analysis for markers of the secretory and vacuolar pathways that undergo post-translational modifications in their intracellular trafficking. Accumulation of protein precursors, revealed by Western immunoblot analysis, indicates defects in the secretory pathway or in associated biochemical modifications. After screening the whole collection, we identified two genes involved in ER to Golgi trafficking: RER2, a cis-prenyl transferase, and USE1, the function of which was unknown. We demonstrated that repression of USE1 also leads to BiP secretion, and therefore likely affects retrograde, in addition to anterograde, ER to Golgi trafficking. The collection also includes two essential genes involved in intracellular trafficking that were conveniently repressed without resulting growth or trafficking defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Universités Paris VI et VII, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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34
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2002; 19:1277-84. [PMID: 12400546 DOI: 10.1002/yea.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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