1
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Yin H, Sun L, Yuan Y, Zhu Y. PPIC-labeled CAFs: Key players in neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistance for gastric cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 48:102080. [PMID: 39116799 PMCID: PMC11362775 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths, with advanced cases having a median survival of less than one year. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is vital but faces drug resistance issues, partly due to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Yet, specific CAF subpopulations contributing to resistance are poorly understood. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between chemosensitive and resistant GC patients were identified using GEO2R. Single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified CAF-related genes. Immunohistochemistry verified key genes in NCT-treated GC samples, analyzing their correlation with tumor regression grade (TRG) and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS PPIC as a gene highly expressed in CAFs was closely associated with NCT resistance in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry results revealed positivity for the expression of cyclophilin C (CypC), encoded by PPIC, in the 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin NCT resistant and -sensitive groups of gastric cancer patients at rates of 69.7 % (76/109) and 43.6 % (24/55), respectively (p < 0.001). The high expression of CypC in CAFs was positively correlated to tumor size (p = 0.025), T stage (p = 0.004), TNM stage (p = 0.004), and vascular invasion (p = 0.027). In cancer cells the expression of CypC was associated with OS (p = 0.026). However, in CAFs, CypC expression was not related to OS (p = 0.671). CONCLUSIONS PPIC-labeled CAF subgroups are related to NCT resistance and poor prognosis in GC and they may cause drug resistance through signaling pathways such as glucose metabolism and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, the exact mechanism behind the involvement of PPIC-labeled CAF in drug resistance of GC requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Yin
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Departments of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Departments of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China.
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2
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Guo Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Tambuwala MM, Ren J, Orive G, Yu G. P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-driven cancer drug resistance: biological profile, non-coding RNAs, drugs and nanomodulators. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104161. [PMID: 39245345 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance has compromised the efficacy of chemotherapy. The dysregulation of drug transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) can mediate drug resistance through drug efflux. In this review, we highlight the role of P-gp in cancer drug resistance and the related molecular pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), along with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Extracellular vesicles secreted by the cells can transport ncRNAs and other proteins to change P-gp activity in cancer drug resistance. P-gp requires ATP to function, and the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction or inhibition of glutamine metabolism can impair P-gp function, thus increasing chemosensitivity. Phytochemicals, small molecules and nanoparticles have been introduced as P-gp inhibitors to increase drug sensitivity in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital (Shenyang Chest Hospital), No. 11 Beihai Street, Dadong District, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
| | - Guiping Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, China.
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3
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Kaya B, Smith H, Chen Y, Azad MG, M Russell T, Richardson V, Bernhardt PV, Dharmasivam M, Richardson DR. Targeting lysosomes by design: novel N-acridine thiosemicarbazones that enable direct detection of intracellular drug localization and overcome P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated resistance. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04339a. [PMID: 39165729 PMCID: PMC11331336 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Innovative N-acridine thiosemicarbazones (NATs) were designed along with their iron(iii), copper(ii), and zinc(ii) complexes. Lysosomal targeting was promoted by specifically incorporating the lysosomotropic Pgp substrate, acridine, into the thiosemicarbazone scaffold to maintain the tridentate N, N, S-donor system. The acridine moiety enables a significant advance in thiosemicarbazone design, since: (1) it enables tracking of the drugs by confocal microscopy using its inherent fluorescence; (2) it is lysosomotropic enabling lysosomal targeting; and (3) as acridine is a P-glycoprotein (Pgp) substrate, it facilitates lysosomal targeting, resulting in the drug overcoming Pgp-mediated resistance. These new N-acridine analogues are novel, and this is the first time that acridine has been specifically added to the thiosemicarbazone framework to achieve the three important properties above. These new agents displayed markedly greater anti-proliferative activity against resistant Pgp-expressing cells than very low Pgp-expressing cells. The anti-proliferative activity of NATs against multiple Pgp-positive cancer cell-types (colon, lung, and cervical carcinoma) was abrogated by the third generation Pgp inhibitor, Elacridar, and also Pgp siRNA that down-regulated Pgp. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that low Pgp in KB31 (-Pgp) cells resulted in acridine's proclivity for DNA intercalation promoting NAT nuclear-targeting. In contrast, high Pgp in KBV1 (+Pgp) cells led to NAT lysosomal sequestration, preventing its nuclear localisation. High Pgp expression in KBV1 (+Pgp) cells resulted in co-localization of NATs with the lysosomal marker, LysoTracker™, that was significantly (p < 0.001) greater than the positive control, the di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) Zn(ii) complex, [Zn(DpC)2]. Incorporation of acridine into the thiosemicarbazone scaffold led to Pgp-mediated transport into lysosomes to overcome Pgp-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Kaya
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane 4111 Queensland Australia
| | - Henry Smith
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane 4111 Queensland Australia
| | - Yanbing Chen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane 4111 Queensland Australia
| | - Mahan Gholam Azad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane 4111 Queensland Australia
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Tiffany M Russell
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane 4111 Queensland Australia
| | - Vera Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane 4111 Queensland Australia
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane 4111 Queensland Australia
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan Brisbane 4111 Queensland Australia
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya 466-8550 Japan
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4
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Mucha P, Kus F, Cysewski D, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M. Vitamin B 12 Metabolism: A Network of Multi-Protein Mediated Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8021. [PMID: 39125597 PMCID: PMC11311337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The water-soluble vitamin, vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly in DNA synthesis, methylation, and mitochondrial functionality. Its deficiency can lead to hematological and neurological disorders; however, the manifestation of these clinical outcomes is relatively late. It leads to difficulties in the early diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. A prolonged lack of vitamin B12 may have severe consequences including increased morbidity to neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Beyond inadequate dietary intake, vitamin B12 deficiency might be caused by insufficient bioavailability, blood transport disruptions, or impaired cellular uptake and metabolism. Despite nearly 70 years of knowledge since the isolation and characterization of this vitamin, there are still gaps in understanding its metabolic pathways. Thus, this review aims to compile current knowledge about the crucial proteins necessary to efficiently accumulate and process vitamin B12 in humans, presenting these systems as a multi-protein network. The epidemiological consequences, diagnosis, and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency are also highlighted. We also discuss clinical warnings of vitamin B12 deficiency based on the ongoing test of specific moonlighting proteins engaged in vitamin B12 metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Mucha
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (F.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Filip Kus
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (F.K.); (R.T.S.)
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (F.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (F.K.); (R.T.S.)
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5
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García-de-Diego AM. C-subfamily ATP binding cassette transporters extrude the calcium fluorescent probe fluo-4 from a cone photoreceptor cell line. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1727-1740. [PMID: 36805766 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Whole transcriptome sequencing has revealed the existence of mRNAs for multiple membrane transporters in photoreceptors. Except for ATP binding cassette (ABC) member A4, involved in the retinoid cycle, an understanding of the function of most transport proteins in photoreceptors is lacking. In this research paper, extrusion of fluo-4, a Ca2+ fluorescent probe, from 661W cells, a cone photoreceptor murine cell line was studied with online fluorometry and immunocytochemistry. Fluo-4 efflux was temperature dependent, required ATP but not extracellular Na+, was not affected by pH in the range 5.4-8.4, and followed saturating kinetics with a Km of nearly 4 μM, suggesting it was effected by ABC type transporters. A panel of antagonists showed an inhibitory profile typical of the C subfamily of ABC transporters. Immunofluorescence staining was positive for ABCC3, ABCC4 and ABCC5. These experimental results are compatible with fluo-4 being extruded from 661W cones by one or a combination of C-type ABC transporters. Examination of physicochemical descriptors related to drug membrane permeability and ABC substrate binding region further suggested efflux of fluo-4 by C-type ABC transporters. Possible functions of this transport mechanism in photoreceptors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio-Miguel García-de-Diego
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I+D del Medicamento, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Grigoreva TA, Sagaidak AV, Novikova DS, Tribulovich VG. Implication of ABC transporters in non-proliferative diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Gericke B, Wienböker I, Brandes G, Löscher W. Is P-Glycoprotein Functionally Expressed in the Limiting Membrane of Endolysosomes? A Biochemical and Ultrastructural Study in the Rat Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091556. [PMID: 35563868 PMCID: PMC9102269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp; ABCB1) plays an important role in drug absorption, disposition, and elimination. There is an ongoing debate whether, in addition to its localization at the plasma membrane, Pgp may also be expressed at the limiting membrane of endolysosomes (ELs), mediating active EL drug sequestration. If true, this would be an important mechanism to prevent drugs from reaching their intracellular targets. However, direct evidence demonstrating the functional expression of Pgp at the limiting membrane of ELs is lacking. This prompted us to perform a biochemical and ultrastructural study on the intracellular localization of Pgp in native rat liver. For this purpose, we established an improved subcellular fractionation procedure for the enrichment of ELs and employed different biochemical and ultrastructural methods to characterize the Pgp localization and function in the enriched EL fractions. Whereas the biochemical methods seemed to indicate that Pgp is functionally expressed at EL limiting membranes, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that this only occurs rarely, if at all. Instead, Pgp was found in the limiting membrane of early endosomes and intraluminal vesicles. In additional TEM experiments, using a Pgp-overexpressing brain microvessel endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3-MDR1-EGFP), we examined whether Pgp is expressed at the limiting membrane of ELs when cells are exposed to high levels of the Pgp substrate doxorubicin. Pgp was seen in early endosomes but only rarely in endolysosomes, whereas Pgp immunogold labeling was detected in large autophagosomes. In summary, our data demonstrate the importance of combining biochemical and ultrastructural methods to investigate the relationship between Pgp localization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.G.); (I.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Inka Wienböker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.G.); (I.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brandes
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.G.); (I.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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8
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Hanssen KM, Haber M, Fletcher JI. Targeting multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1)-expressing cancers: Beyond pharmacological inhibition. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100795. [PMID: 34983733 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the most significant obstacles to successful cancer treatment. While inhibiting drug efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is a seemingly attractive and logical approach to combat multidrug resistance (MDR), small molecule inhibition of ABC transporters has so far failed to confer clinical benefit, despite considerable efforts by medicinal chemists, biologists, and clinicians. The long-sought treatment to eradicate cancers displaying ABC transporter overexpression may therefore lie within alternative targeting strategies. When aberrantly expressed, the ABC transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) confers MDR, but can also shift cellular redox balance, leaving the cell vulnerable to select agents. Here, we explore the physiological roles of MRP1, the rational for targeting this transporter in cancer, the development of small molecule MRP1 inhibitors, and the most recent developments in alternative therapeutic approaches for targeting cancers with MRP1 overexpression. We discuss approaches that extend beyond simple MRP1 inhibition by exploiting the collateral sensitivity to glutathione depletion and ferroptosis, the rationale for targeting the shared transcriptional regulators of both MRP1 and glutathione biosynthesis, advances in gene silencing, and new molecules that modulate transporter activity to the detriment of the cancer cell. These strategies illustrate promising new approaches to address multidrug resistant disease that extend beyond the simple reversal of MDR and offer exciting routes for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M Hanssen
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Aykac A, Sehirli AÖ. The Function and Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Proteins in the Alzheimer's Disease. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:149-155. [PMID: 34877572 PMCID: PMC8635834 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many years of research, radical treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has still not been found. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. AD is characterized by three main changes occurring in the central nervous system: (1) Aβ plaque accumulation that prevents synaptic communication, (2) the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that inhibit the transport of molecules inside neurons, and (3) neuronal cell loss of the limbic system. Mechanisms leading to Aβ accumulation in AD are excessive Aβ production as a result of mutations in amyloid precursor protein or genes, and impairment of clearance of Aβ due to changes in Aβ aggregation properties and/or Aβ removal processes. Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are expressed in astrocyte, microglia, neuron, brain capillary endothelial cell, choroid plexus, choroid plexus epithelial cell, and ventricular ependymal cell. ABC transporters have essential detoxification and neuroprotective roles in the brain. The expression and functional changes in ABC transporters contribute to the accumulation of Aβ peptide. In conclusion, the review was aimed to summarize and highlight accumulated evidence in the literature focusing on the changing functions of human ABC transporter members, in AD pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Aykac
- Department of Biophysics, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ahmet Özer Sehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Role of ABCB1 in mediating chemoresistance of triple-negative breast cancers. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227788. [PMID: 33543229 PMCID: PMC7909869 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a group of breast cancers which neither express hormonal receptors nor human epidermal growth factor receptor. Hence, there is a lack of currently known targeted therapies and the only available line of systemic treatment option is chemotherapy or more recently immune therapy. However, in patients with relapsed disease after adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents has often developed, which results in poor treatment response. Multidrug resistance (MDR) has emerged as an important mechanism by which TNBCs mediate drug resistance and occurs primarily due to overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Pgp overexpression had been linked to poor outcome, reduced survival rates and chemoresistance in patients. The aim of this mini-review is to provide a topical overview of the recent studies and to generate further interest in this critical research area, with the aim to develop an effective and safe approach for overcoming Pgp-mediated chemoresistance in TNBC.
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11
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Szakacs G, Abele R. An inventory of lysosomal ABC transporters. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3965-3985. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Szakacs
- Institute of Enzymology Research Centre of Natural Sciences Eötvös Loránd Research Network Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Cancer Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Rupert Abele
- Institute of Biochemistry Goethe‐University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
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12
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Triangular Relationship between p53, Autophagy, and Chemotherapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238991. [PMID: 33256191 PMCID: PMC7730978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiation often induce a number of cellular responses, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence. One of the major regulators of these processes is p53, an essential tumor suppressor that is often mutated or lost in many cancer types and implicated in early tumorigenesis. Gain of function (GOF) p53 mutations have been implicated in increased susceptibility to drug resistance, by compromising wildtype anti-tumor functions of p53 or modulating key p53 processes that confer chemotherapy resistance, such as autophagy. Autophagy, a cellular survival mechanism, is initially induced in response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and its cytoprotective nature became the spearhead of a number of clinical trials aimed to sensitize patients to chemotherapy. However, increased pre-clinical studies have exemplified the multifunctional role of autophagy. Additionally, compartmental localization of p53 can modulate induction or inhibition of autophagy and may play a role in autophagic function. The duality in p53 function and its effects on autophagic function are generally not considered in clinical trial design or clinical therapeutics; however, ample pre-clinical studies suggest they play a role in tumor responses to therapy and drug resistance. Further inquiry into the interconnection between autophagy and p53, and its effects on chemotherapeutic responses may provide beneficial insights on multidrug resistance and novel treatment regimens for chemosensitization.
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13
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Granitzer S, Ellinger I, Khan R, Gelles K, Widhalm R, Hengstschläger M, Zeisler H, Desoye G, Tupova L, Ceckova M, Salzer H, Gundacker C. In vitro function and in situ localization of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein (MRP)1 (ABCC1) suggest a protective role against methyl mercury-induced oxidative stress in the human placenta. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3799-3817. [PMID: 32915249 PMCID: PMC7603445 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methyl mercury (MeHg) is an organic highly toxic compound that is transported efficiently via the human placenta. Our previous data suggest that MeHg is taken up into placental cells by amino acid transporters while mercury export from placental cells mainly involves ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. We hypothesized that the ABC transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)1 (ABCC1) plays an essential role in mercury export from the human placenta. Transwell transport studies with MRP1-overexpressing Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK)II cells confirmed the function of MRP1 in polarized mercury efflux. Consistent with this, siRNA-mediated MRP1 gene knockdown in the human placental cell line HTR-8/SVneo resulted in intracellular mercury accumulation, which was associated with reduced cell viability, accompanied by increased cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress as determined via the glutathione (GSH) status. In addition, the many sources claiming different localization of MRP1 in the placenta required a re-evaluation of its localization in placental tissue sections by immunofluorescence microscopy using an MRP1-specific antibody that was validated in-house. Taken together, our results show that (1) MRP1 preferentially mediates apical-to-basolateral mercury transport in epithelial cells, (2) MRP1 regulates the GSH status of placental cells, (3) MRP1 function has a decisive influence on the viability of placental cells exposed to low MeHg concentrations, and (4) the in situ localization of MRP1 corresponds to mercury transport from maternal circulation to the placenta and fetus. We conclude that MRP1 protects placental cells from MeHg-induced oxidative stress by exporting the toxic metal and by maintaining the placental cells' GSH status in equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granitzer
- Karl-Landsteiner Private University for Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rumsha Khan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gelles
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raimund Widhalm
- Karl-Landsteiner Private University for Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Harald Zeisler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lenka Tupova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ceckova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Salzer
- Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Novel Intrinsic Mechanisms of Active Drug Extrusion at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential Targets for Enhancing Drug Delivery to the Brain? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100966. [PMID: 33066604 PMCID: PMC7602420 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the pharmacotherapy of several brain disorders. In addition to the structural and metabolic characteristics of the BBB, the ATP-driven, drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a selective gatekeeper of the BBB; thus, it is a primary hindrance to drug delivery into the brain. Here, we review the complex regulation of Pgp expression and functional activity at the BBB with an emphasis on recent studies from our laboratory. In addition to traditional processes such as transcriptional regulation and posttranscriptional or posttranslational modification of Pgp expression and functionality, novel mechanisms such as intra- and intercellular Pgp trafficking and intracellular Pgp-mediated lysosomal sequestration in BBB endothelial cells with subsequent disposal by blood neutrophils are discussed. These intrinsic mechanisms of active drug extrusion at the BBB are potential therapeutic targets that could be used to modulate P-glycoprotein activity in the treatment of brain diseases and enhance drug delivery to the brain.
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15
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Vesicular ATP-binding cassette transporters in human disease: relevant aspects of their organization for future drug development. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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16
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Scherrmann JM. Intracellular ABCB1 as a Possible Mechanism to Explain the Synergistic Effect of Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Combination in COVID-19 Therapy. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:86. [PMID: 32533263 PMCID: PMC7291928 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The co-administration of hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin is proposed in COVID-19 therapy. We hypothesize a new mechanism supporting the synergistic interaction between these drugs. Azithromycin is a substrate of ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) which is localized in endosomes and lysosomes with a polarized substrate transport from the cell cytosol into the vesicle interior. SARS-CoV-2 and drugs meet in these acidic organelles and both basic drugs, which are potent lysosomotropic compounds, will become protonated and trapped within these vesicles. Consequently, their intra-vesicular concentrations can attain low micromolar effective cytotoxic concentrations on SARS-CoV-2 while concomitantly increase the intra-vesicular pH up to around neutrality. This last effect inhibits lysosomal enzyme activities responsible in virus entry and replication cycle. Based on these considerations, we hypothesize that ABCB1 could be a possible enhancer by confining azithromycin more extensively than expected when the trapping is solely dependent on the passive diffusion. This additional mechanism may therefore explain the synergistic effect when azithromycin is added to hydroxychloroquine, leading to apparently more rapid virus clearance and better clinical benefit, when compared to monotherapy with hydroxychloroquine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Scherrmann
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, Inserm UMRS-1144, Paris, France. .,Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France.
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17
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Mohammad Hadi L, Yaghini E, MacRobert AJ, Loizidou M. Synergy between Photodynamic Therapy and Dactinomycin Chemotherapy in 2D and 3D Ovarian Cancer Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3203. [PMID: 32366058 PMCID: PMC7247344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we explored the efficacy of combining low dose photodynamic therapy using a porphyrin photosensitiser and dactinomycin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. The studies were carried out on compressed collagen 3D constructs of two human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY) versus their monolayer counterparts. An amphiphilc photosensitiser was employed, disulfonated tetraphenylporphine, which is not a substrate for ABC efflux transporters that can mediate drug resistance. The combination treatment was shown to be effective in both monolayer and 3D constructs of both cell lines, causing a significant and synergistic reduction in cell viability. Compared to dactinomycin alone or PDT alone, higher cell kill was found using 2D monolayer culture vs. 3D culture for the same doses. In 3D culture, the combination therapy resulted in 10 and 22 times higher cell kill in SKOV3 and HEY cells at the highest light dose compared to dactinomycin monotherapy, and 2.2 and 5.5 times higher cell kill than PDT alone. The combination of low dose PDT and dactinomycin appears to be a promising way to repurpose dactinomycin and widen its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (E.Y.); (A.J.M.)
| | | | | | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (E.Y.); (A.J.M.)
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18
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Alkaraki A, Alshaer W, Wehaibi S, Gharaibeh L, Abuarqoub D, Alqudah DA, Al-Azzawi H, Zureigat H, Souleiman M, Awidi A. Enhancing chemosensitivity of wild-type and drug-resistant MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell line to doxorubicin by silencing of STAT 3, Notch-1, and β-catenin genes. Breast Cancer 2020; 27:989-998. [PMID: 32328816 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The absence of receptors in triple-negative breast cancer limits therapeutic choices utilized in clinical management of the disease. Doxorubicin is an important member of therapeutic regimens that is hindered by emergence of resistance. The current work aim to investigate of therapeutic potential of single and combinations of siRNA molecules designed for silencing STAT 3, Notch-1, and β-catenin genes in wild type and doxorubicin resistant MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cell line. METHODS Doxorubicin resistant MDA-MB-231 cell line was developed and characterized for the expression of multidrug resistance-related genes, CD44/CD24 markers, inflammatory cytokines, and the expression of STAT 3, Notch-1, and β-catenin targeted genes. Further, the effect of single and combinations of siRNA on cell viability and chemosensitivity of both wild type MDA-MB-231 cells (MDA-MB-231/WT) and doxorubicin resistant MDA-MB-231 cells (MDA-MB-231/DR250) were assessed by MTT assay. RESULTS The IC50 of doxorubicin was 10-folds higher in MDA-MB-231/DR250 resistant cells compared to MDA-MB-231/WT control cells, 1.53 ± 0.24 μM compared to 0.16 ± 0.02 μM, respectively. The expression of targeted genes was higher in resistant cells compared to control cells, 3.6 ± 0.16 folds increase in β-catenin, 2.7 ± 0.09 folds increase in Notch-1, and 1.8 ± 0.09 folds increase in STAT-3. Following treatment with siRNAs, there was a variable reduction in mRNA expression of each of the targeted genes compared to scrambled siRNA and a reduction in IC50 in both cell lines. The effect of a combination of three genes produced the largest reduction in IC50 in resistant cell line. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the silencing of single and multiple genes involved in drug resistance and tumor progression by siRNA can enhance the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Alkaraki
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, PO Box: 5825, Amman, 11942, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, PO Box: 5825, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Suha Wehaibi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, PO Box: 5825, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Duaa Abuarqoub
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, PO Box: 5825, Amman, 11942, Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Petra, Amman, 11180, Jordan
| | - Dana A Alqudah
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, PO Box: 5825, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Hafsa Al-Azzawi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, PO Box: 5825, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Hadil Zureigat
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mamoun Souleiman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, PO Box: 5825, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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19
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The growing evidence for targeting P-glycoprotein in lysosomes to overcome resistance. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:473-477. [PMID: 32098489 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Elahi M, Ali S, Tahir HM, Mushtaq R, Bhatti MF. Sericin and fibroin nanoparticles—natural product for cancer therapy: a comprehensive review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1706515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Elahi
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Rabia Mushtaq
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Bhatti
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Sericulture Wing, Forest Department, Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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Photochemical Internalization for Intracellular Drug Delivery. From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020528. [PMID: 32075165 PMCID: PMC7073817 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical internalisation (PCI) is a unique intervention which involves the release of endocytosed macromolecules into the cytoplasmic matrix. PCI is based on the use of photosensitizers placed in endocytic vesicles that, following light activation, lead to rupture of the endocytic vesicles and the release of the macromolecules into the cytoplasmic matrix. This technology has been shown to improve the biological activity of a number of macromolecules that do not readily penetrate the plasma membrane, including type I ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), gene-encoding plasmids, adenovirus and oligonucleotides and certain chemotherapeutics, such as bleomycin. This new intervention has also been found appealing for intracellular delivery of drugs incorporated into nanocarriers and for cancer vaccination. PCI is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Data from the first-in-human phase I clinical trial as well as an update on the development of the PCI technology towards clinical practice is presented here.
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Abstract
Maintenance of the main Golgi functions, glycosylation and sorting, is dependent on the unique Golgi pH microenvironment that is thought to be set by the balance between the rates of V-ATPase-mediated proton pumping and its leakage back to the cytoplasm via an unknown pathway. The concentration of other ions, such as chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese, is also important for Golgi homeostasis and dependent on the transport activity of other ion transporters present in the Golgi membranes. During the last decade, several new disorders have been identified that are caused by, or are associated with, dysregulated Golgi pH and ion homeostasis. Here, we will provide an updated overview on these disorders and the proteins involved. We will also discuss other disorders for which the molecular defects remain currently uncertain but which potentially involve proteins that regulate Golgi pH or ion homeostasis.
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Abstract
Being originally discovered as cellular recycling bins, lysosomes are today recognized as versatile signaling organelles that control a wide range of cellular functions that are essential not only for the well-being of normal cells but also for malignant transformation and cancer progression. In addition to their core functions in waste disposal and recycling of macromolecules and energy, lysosomes serve as an indispensable support system for malignant phenotype by promoting cell growth, cytoprotective autophagy, drug resistance, pH homeostasis, invasion, metastasis, and genomic integrity. On the other hand, malignant transformation reduces the stability of lysosomal membranes rendering cancer cells sensitive to lysosome-dependent cell death. Notably, many clinically approved cationic amphiphilic drugs widely used for the treatment of other diseases accumulate in lysosomes, interfere with their cancer-promoting and cancer-supporting functions and destabilize their membranes thereby opening intriguing possibilities for cancer therapy. Here, we review the emerging evidence that supports the supplementation of current cancer therapies with lysosome-targeting cationic amphiphilic drugs.
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Doxorubicin as a fluorescent reporter identifies novel MRP1 (ABCC1) inhibitors missed by calcein-based high content screening of anticancer agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109289. [PMID: 31401398 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) actively transports a variety of drugs, toxic molecules and important physiological substrates across the plasma membrane. It can confer broad-spectrum multidrug resistance and can decrease the bioavailability of many important drugs. Substrates of MRP1 include anti-cancer agents, antibiotics, antivirals, antidepressants and anti-inflammatory drugs. Using calcein as a fluorescent reporter in a high content uptake assay, we recently reported the identification of 12 MRP1 inhibitors after screening an anti-cancer library of 386 compounds. Here, we describe the development of a new high content imaging-based uptake assay using doxorubicin as a fluorescent reporter. Screening the same anti-cancer library of 386 compounds, the new assay identified a total of 28 MRP1 inhibitors including 16 inhibitors that have not been previously reported as inhibitors of MRP1. Inhibition of MRP1 activity was confirmed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy-based transport assays. Six drugs (afatinib, celecoxib, doramapimod, mifepristone, MK-2206 and rosiglitazone) were evaluated for their ability to reverse resistance of MRP1-overexpressing H69AR lung cancer cells against vincristine, doxorubicin and etoposide. Mifepristone and doramapimod were most effective in reversal of resistance against vincristine while mifepristone and rosiglitazone were most successful in resensitizing H69AR cells against doxorubicin. Furthermore, resistance towards etoposide was completely reversed in the presence of celecoxib or doramapimod. Selected drugs were also evaluated for resistance reversal in HEK cells that overexpress P-glycoprotein or breast cancer resistance protein. Our results indicate mifepristone and doramapimod as pan inhibitors of these three drug transporters while celecoxib exhibited selective MRP1 inhibition. Together, our findings signify the importance of MRP1 in drug discovery and demonstrate the effectiveness and value of doxorubicin-based high content screening approach. Anti-cancer agents that exhibit MRP1 inhibition may be used to reverse multidrug resistance or to improve the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of various cancer chemotherapies. On the other hand, anti-cancer drugs that did not interact with MRP1 carry a low risk for developing MRP1-mediated resistance.
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25
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ABCG1 and Pgp identify drug resistant, self-renewing osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:142-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Al-Akra L, Bae DH, Leck LYW, Richardson DR, Jansson PJ. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the role of tumor micro-environment stress in development of drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1390-1397. [PMID: 31202693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer and it continues to be a challenge in cancer treatment. Moreover, the tumor micro-environment is essential to the formation of drug resistant cancers. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor micro-environment is a critical regulator of cancer progression, distant metastasis and acquired resistance of tumors to various therapies. Despite significant advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the development of therapeutic resistance leads to reduced drug efficacy. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review highlights mechanistic aspects of the biochemistry of the tumor micro-enviroment, such as the hypoglycaemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia and their effects in propagating MDR. This is achieved through: (A) increased survival via autophagy and failure of apoptosis; (B) altered metabolic processing; and (C) reduction in drug delivery and uptake or increased drug efflux. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The development of MDR in cancer has been demonstrated to be majorly influenced by naturally occurring stressors within the tumor micro-environment, as well as chemotherapeutics. Thus, the tumor micro-environment is currently emerging as a major focus of research which needs to be carefully addressed before cancer can be successfully treated. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Elucidating the biochemical mechanisms which promote MDR is essential in development of effective therapeutics that can overcome these acquired defences in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Al-Akra
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Dong-Hun Bae
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lionel Y W Leck
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Guo W, Dong W, Li M, Shen Y. Mitochondria P-glycoprotein confers paclitaxel resistance on ovarian cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3881-3891. [PMID: 31190887 PMCID: PMC6529025 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s193433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subcellular expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) may play an essential role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in many cancers. However, the mitochondria expression and functional activity of P-gp in ovarian cancer are still unclear. In this study, we isolated mitochondria from A2780 cell line and its paclitaxel-resistant subline A2780T and investigated the expression and function of mitochondria P-gp. Methods: Immunocytochemistry was used to evaluate P-gp expression and subcellular localization in cancer cells. Immunofluorescence and laser confocal microscopy were used to detect the co-localization of P-gp and mitochondria both in ovarian cancer tissues and in cell lines. Western blotting (WB), transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 kit were used to evaluate the purity, integrity and activity of the isolated mitochondria. P-gp expression in the whole cell and the isolated mitochondria was evaluated by WB. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the efflux function of mitochondria P-gp. Results: P-gp expression was detected at the membrane, cytoplasm and nuclei of the A2780T cells, but not in the A2780 cells. Co-localization of P-gp and mitochondria was observed in the A2780T cell line and ovarian cancer tissues, but not in A2780 cells. The purity, integration and activity of the isolated mitochondria are high. P-gp was highly expressed in the A2780T cells and the isolated mitochondria, but was not found in A2780 cells. Rho123 efflux rate was significantly increased in isolated A2780T mitochondria compared to those in A2780 (43.2% vs 9.6%), but it was partly reversed by cyclosporin A (CsA, a P-gp inhibitor). Conclusion: P-gp is highly expressed in mitochondria of taxol-resistant ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer tissues and mediates the drug efflux, which probably protect cancer cells from chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weihong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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28
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Guo W, Deng L, Yu J, Chen Z, Woo Y, Liu H, Li T, Lin T, Chen H, Zhao M, Zhang L, Li G, Hu Y. Sericin nanomicelles with enhanced cellular uptake and pH-triggered release of doxorubicin reverse cancer drug resistance. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1103-1116. [PMID: 29742945 PMCID: PMC6058513 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1469686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the major challenge facing cancer chemotherapy and nanoscale delivery systems based on natural materials, such as sericin, are a promising means of overcoming drug resistance. Yet, no attempt of introducing synthetic poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) onto sericin polypeptide to fabricate a facile biocompatible and biodegradable micelle has been tried. Here, we prepared a polypeptide-based amphiphilic polymer containing hydrophilic sericin polypeptide backbone and PBLG side chains via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) strategy. The introduction of PBLG side chains remarkably enhances the stability of sericin micelles in water. Meanwhile, the micelles exhibited a high loading capacity and pH-responsive release ability for antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX), called sericin-PBLG-DOX. Owing to the excellent cell membrane penetration of sericin-PBLG, the cellular uptake of DOX when loaded into micelles was improved. Subsequently, sericin-PBLG-DOX was transferred into perinuclear lysosomes, where the release rate of DOX was accelerated. Compared to the same dose of DOX, sericin-PBLG-DOX could induce a more efficient anti-tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo, and these micelles have promise for future clinical applications in overcoming cancer drug resistance with good biosafety, enhanced cellular uptake, pH-triggered drug release, efficient anti-tumor effects, and minimized systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lizhi Deng
- PCFM Lab and GDHPPC Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanghee Woo
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tuanjie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tian Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mingli Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liming Zhang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPPC Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Mechanism of drug extrusion by brain endothelial cells via lysosomal drug trapping and disposal by neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9590-E9599. [PMID: 30254169 PMCID: PMC6187170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719642115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Located at the apical (blood-facing) site of brain capillary endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) restricts the brain entry of various lipophilic xenobiotics, which contributes to BBB function. Pgp may become saturated if exposed to too-high drug concentrations. Here, we demonstrate a second-line defense mechanism in human brain capillary endothelial cells—that is, Pgp-mediated intracellular lysosomal drug trapping. Furthermore, we describe a mechanism of drug disposal at the BBB, which is shedding of lysosomal Pgp/substrate complexes at the apical membrane of human and porcine BBB endothelial cells and subsequent phagocytosis by neutrophils. Thus, we have discovered a fascinating mechanism of how Pgp might contribute to brain protection. The blood–brain barrier protects the brain against a variety of potentially toxic compounds. Barrier function results from tight junctions between brain capillary endothelial cells and high expression of active efflux transporters, including P-glycoprotein (Pgp), at the apical membrane of these cells. In addition to actively transporting drugs out of the cell, Pgp mediates lysosomal sequestration of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer cells, thus contributing to drug resistance. Here, we describe that lysosomal sequestration of Pgp substrates, including doxorubicin, also occurs in human and porcine brain endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier. This is followed by shedding of drug-sequestering vesicular structures, which stay attached to the apical side of the plasma membrane and form aggregates (“barrier bodies”) that ultimately undergo phagocytosis by neutrophils, thus constituting an as-yet-undescribed mechanism of drug disposal. These findings introduce a mechanism that might contribute to brain protection against potentially toxic xenobiotics, including therapeutically important chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Therapeutic Potential of DNAzyme Loaded on Chitosan/Cyclodextrin Nanoparticle to Recovery of Chemosensitivity in the MCF-7 Cell Line. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:708-723. [PMID: 30039475 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Commonly, acquired resistances to anticancer drug are mediated by overexpression of a membrane-associated protein that encode via multi-drug resistance gene-1 (MDR1). Herein, the mRNA-cleaving DNAzyme that targets the mRNA of MDR1 gene in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell line (MCF-7/DR) loaded on the chitosan β-cyclodextrin complexes was used as a tropical agent. Chitosan/β-cyclodextrin complexes were used to deliver DNAzymes into cancer cells. Determination of the physicochemical characteristics of the particles was done by photon correlation spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency of the complexes was tested by using gel retardation assay. Positively charged nanoparticles interacted with DNAzyme that could perform as an efficient DNAzyme transfection system. The rationale usage of this platform is to sensitize MCF-7/DR to doxorubicin by downregulating the drug-resistance gene MDR1. Results demonstrated a downregulation of MDR1 mRNAs in MCF-7/DR/DNZ by real-time PCR, compared to the MCF-7/DR as control. WST1 assay showed the 22-fold decrease in drug resistance on treated cells 24 h after transfection. Results showed the intracellular accumulation of Rh123 increased in the treated cells with DNAzyme. Results suggested a potential platform in association with chemotherapy drug for cancer therapy and indicated extremely efficient at delivery of DNAzyme in restoring chemosensitivity.
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Ben Cheikh Y, Xuereb B, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Le Foll F. Multixenobiotic resistance in Mytilus edulis: Molecular and functional characterization of an ABCG2- type transporter in hemocytes and gills. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 195:88-96. [PMID: 29304406 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the cellular protection arsenal, ABC transporters play an important role in xenobiotic efflux in marine organisms. Two pumps belonging to B and C subfamily has been identified in Mytilus edulis. In this study, we investigated the presence of the third major subtype ABCG2/BCRP protein in mussel tissues. Transcript was expressed in hemocytes and with higher level in gills. Molecular characterization revealed that mussel ABCG2 transporter shares the sequence and organizational structure with mammalian and molluscan orthologs. Overall identity of the predicted amino acid sequence with corresponding homologs from other organisms was between 49% and 98%. Moreover, protein efflux activity was demonstrated using a combination of fluorescent allocrites and specific inhibitors. The accumulation of bodipy prazosin and pheophorbide A was heterogeneous in gills and hemocytes. Most of the used blockers enhanced probe accumulation at different levels, most significantly for bodipy prazosin. Moreover, Mrp classical blocker MK571 showed a polyspecificity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that several ABC transporters contribute to MXR phenotype in the blue mussel including ABCG2 that forms an active pump in hemocytes and gills. Efforts are needed to distinguish between the different members and to explore their single function and specificity towards allocrites and chemosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Ben Cheikh
- University of Le Havre Normandy, Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, F-76063, Le Havre, France.
| | - Benoit Xuereb
- University of Le Havre Normandy, Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, F-76063, Le Havre, France
| | - Céline Boulangé-Lecomte
- University of Le Havre Normandy, Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, F-76063, Le Havre, France
| | - Frank Le Foll
- University of Le Havre Normandy, Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, F-76063, Le Havre, France
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Zhitomirsky B, Farber H, Assaraf YG. LysoTracker and MitoTracker Red are transport substrates of P-glycoprotein: implications for anticancer drug design evading multidrug resistance. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2131-2141. [PMID: 29377455 PMCID: PMC5867146 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
LysoTracker and MitoTracker Red are fluorescent probes widely used for viable cell staining of lysosomes and mitochondria, respectively. They are utilized to study organelle localization and their resident proteins, assess organelle functionality and quantification of organelle numbers. The ATP‐driven efflux transporter P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is expressed in normal and malignant tissues and extrudes structurally distinct endogenous and exogenous cytotoxic compounds. Thus, once aromatic hydrophobic compounds such as the above‐mentioned fluorescent probes are recognized as transport substrates, efflux pumps including P‐gp may abolish their ability to reach their cellular target organelles. Herein, we show that LysoTracker and MitoTracker Red are expelled from P‐gp‐overexpressing cancer cells, thus hindering their ability to fluorescently mark target organelles. We further demonstrate that tariquidar, a potent P‐gp transport inhibitor, restores LysoTracker and MitoTracker Red cell entry. We conclude that LysoTracker and MitoTracker Red are P‐gp transport substrates, and therefore, P‐gp expression must be taken into consideration prior to cellular applications using these probes. Importantly, as MitoTracker was a superior P‐gp substrate than LysoTracker Red, we discuss the implications for the future design of chemotherapeutics evading cancer multidrug resistance. Furthermore, restoration of MitoTracker Red fluorescence in P‐gp‐overexpressing cells may facilitate the identification of potent P‐gp transport inhibitors (i.e. chemosensitizers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Zhitomirsky
- Department of Biology, The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hodaya Farber
- Department of Biology, The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- Department of Biology, The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Moinuddin FM, Shinsato Y, Komatsu M, Mitsuo R, Minami K, Yamamoto M, Kawahara K, Hirano H, Arita K, Furukawa T. ATP7B expression confers multidrug resistance through drug sequestration. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22779-90. [PMID: 26988911 PMCID: PMC5008400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that ATP7B is involved in cisplatin resistance and ATP7A confers multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. In this study, we show that ATP7B expressing cells also are resistant to doxorubicin, SN-38, etoposide, and paclitaxel as well as cisplatin. In ATP7B expressing cells, doxorubicin relocated from the nuclei to the late-endosome at 4 hours after doxorubicin exposure. EGFP-ATP7B mainly colocalized with doxorubicin. ATP7B has six metal binding sites (MBSs) in the N-terminal cytoplasmic region. To investigate the role of the MBSs of ATP7B in doxorubicin resistance, we used three mutant ATP7B (Cu0, Cu6 and M6C/S) expressing cells. Cu0 has no MBSs, Cu6 has only the sixth MBS and M6C/S carries CXXC to SXXS mutation in the sixth MBS. Cu6 expressing cells were less resistance to the anticancer agents than wild type ATP7B expressing cells, and had doxorubicin sequestration in the late-endosome. Cu0- and M6C/S-expressing cells were sensitive to doxorubicin. In these cells, doxorubicin did not relocalize to the late-endosome. EGFP-M6C/S mainly localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) even in the presence of copper. Thus the cysteine residues in the sixth MBS of ATP7B are essential for MDR phenotype. Finally, we found that ammonium chloride and tamoxifen suppressed late endosomal sequestration of doxorubicin, thereby attenuating drug resistance. These results suggest that the sequestration depends on the acidity of the vesicles partly. We here demonstrate that ATP7B confers MDR by facilitating nuclear drug efflux and late endosomal drug sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Moinuddin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Shinsato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masaharu Komatsu
- Division of Food and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20, Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Mitsuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kohich Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazunori Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.,Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Resensitization of Akt Induced Docetaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer by 'Iturin A' a Lipopeptide Molecule from Marine Bacteria Bacillus megaterium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17324. [PMID: 29229973 PMCID: PMC5725499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the resistance is the major problem in cancer therapy. Docetaxel is a taxol alkaloid that is frequently used in metastatic breast cancer. However, resistance often limits the usefulness of this drug in many breast cancer patients. Manipulation of resistant cells to re-sensitize to the therapeutic effect of docetaxel is current strategy to overcome this problem. Here, we have introduced ‘Iturin A’ as a potent chemosensitizer in docetaxel resistant breast cancer cells. Combination of Iturin A and docetaxel treatment significantly hampered the proliferation of docetaxel resistant MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Cell cycle analysis also showed massive amount of apoptotic population (Sub G0/G1) in combination therapy. A number of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins were significantly altered in dual drug treated groups. Caspase 3 dependent cell death was observed in dual treatment. Molecular mechanism study showed that over-expression of Akt and its downstream signaling pathway was associated with docetaxel resistance. Iturin A significantly reduced Akt signaling pathway in resistant cells. This mechanistic action might be the reason behind the chemo-sensitization effect of Iturin A in docetaxel resistant breast cancer cells. In conclusion, Iturin A resensitized the resistant breast cancer cells to docetaxel therapy by inhibiting Akt activity.
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Mohamed LA, Markandaiah S, Bonanno S, Pasinelli P, Trotti D. Blood-Brain Barrier Driven Pharmacoresistance in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Challenges for Effective Drug Therapies. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1600-1614. [PMID: 28779378 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for proper neuronal function, homeostasis, and protection of the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment from blood-borne pathogens and neurotoxins. The BBB is also an impediment for CNS penetration of drugs. In some neurologic conditions, such as epilepsy and brain tumors, overexpression of P-glycoprotein, an efflux transporter whose physiological function is to expel catabolites and xenobiotics from the CNS into the blood stream, has been reported. Recent studies reported that overexpression of P-glycoprotein and increase in its activity at the BBB drives a progressive resistance to CNS penetration and persistence of riluzole, the only drug approved thus far for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), rapidly progressive and mostly fatal neurologic disease. This review will discuss the impact of transporter-mediated pharmacoresistance for ALS drug therapy and the potential therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of ALS clinical trials and efficacy of current and future drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loqman A Mohamed
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA.
| | - Shashirekha Markandaiah
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Silvia Bonanno
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Piera Pasinelli
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
| | - Davide Trotti
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA
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Knockdown of Host Antioxidant Defense Genes Enhances the Effect of Glucantime on Intracellular Leishmania braziliensis in Human Macrophages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02099-16. [PMID: 28461312 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02099-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people worldwide and represents a major public health problem. Information on protein expression patterns and functional roles within the context of Leishmania-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) under drug treatment conditions is essential for understanding the role of these cells in leishmaniasis treatment. We analyzed functional changes in the expression of human MDM genes and proteins during in vitro infection by Leishmania braziliensis and treatment with Glucantime (SbV), using quantitative PCR (qPCR) arrays, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) human gene inhibition assays. Comparison of the results from gene transcription and protein expression analyses revealed that glutathione S-transferase π1 (GSTP1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione synthetase (GSS), thioredoxin (TRX), and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 5 (ABCB5), were strongly upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in human MDMs that were infected and treated, compared to the control group. Subcellular localization studies showed a primarily phagolysosomal location for the ABCB5 transporter, indicating that this protein may be involved in the transport of SbV By inducing a decrease in L. braziliensis intracellular survival in THP-1 macrophages, siRNA silencing of GSTP1, GSS, and ABCB5 resulted in an increased leishmanicidal effect of SbV exposure in vitro Our results suggest that human MDMs infected with L. braziliensis and treated with SbV express increased levels of genes participating in antioxidant defense, whereas our functional analyses provide evidence for the involvement of human MDMs in drug detoxification. Therefore, we conclude that GSS, GSTP1, and ABCB5 proteins represent potential targets for enhancing the leishmanicidal activity of Glucantime.
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Iorio AL, Ros MD, Fantappiè O, Lucchesi M, Facchini L, Stival A, Becciani S, Guidi M, Favre C, Martino MD, Genitori L, Sardi I. Blood-Brain Barrier and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: A Limit to the Therapy of CNS Tumors and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2017; 16:810-5. [PMID: 26584727 PMCID: PMC4997940 DOI: 10.2174/1871520616666151120121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases, represents an ongoing challenge. In Central Nervous System (CNS) the achievement of therapeutic concentration of chemical agents is complicated by the presence of distinct set of efflux proteins, such as ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters localized on the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). The activity of ABC transporters seems to be a common mechanism that underlies the poor response of CNS diseases to therapies. The molecular characterization of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2), as an ABC transporter conferring multidrug resistance (MDR), has stimulated many studies to investigate its activity on the BBB, its involvement in physiology and CNS diseases and its role in limiting the delivery of drugs in CNS. In this review, we highlight the activity and localization of BCRP on the BBB and the action that this efflux pump has on many conventional drugs or latest generation molecules used for the treatment of CNS tumors and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iacopo Sardi
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Meyer Children's Hospital. Viale G.Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Matt U, Selchow P, Dal Molin M, Strommer S, Sharif O, Schilcher K, Andreoni F, Stenzinger A, Zinkernagel AS, Zeitlinger M, Sander P, Nemeth J. Chloroquine enhances the antimycobacterial activity of isoniazid and pyrazinamide by reversing inflammation-induced macrophage efflux. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:55-62. [PMID: 28506804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is notorious for persisting within host macrophages. Efflux pumps decrease intracellular drug levels, thus fostering persistence of MTB during therapy. Isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) are substrates of the efflux pump breast cancer resistance protein-1 (BCRP-1), which is inhibited by chloroquine (CQ). In this study, BCRP-1 was found to be expressed on macrophages of human origin and on foamy giant cells at the site of MTB infection. In the current in vitro study, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) increased the expression of BCRP-1 in macrophages derived from the human monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1. Using a BCRP-1-specific fluorescent dye and radioactively labelled INH, it was demonstrated that efflux from macrophages increased upon activation with IFNγ. CQ was able to inhibit active efflux and augmented the intracellular concentrations both of INH and the dye. In agreement, CQ and specific inhibition of BCRP-1 increased the antimycobacterial activity of INH against intracellular MTB. Although PZA behaved differently, CQ had comparable advantageous effects on the intracellular pharmacokinetics and activity of PZA. The adjunctive effects of CQ on intracellular killing of MTB were measurable at concentrations achievable in humans at approved therapeutic doses. Therefore, CQ, a widely used and worldwide available drug, may potentiate the efficacy of standard MTB therapy against bacteria in the intracellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Matt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Selchow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Dal Molin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Strommer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - O Sharif
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University Vienna, CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Schilcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Andreoni
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A S Zinkernagel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Nemeth
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Dartier J, Lemaitre E, Chourpa I, Goupille C, Servais S, Chevalier S, Mahéo K, Dumas JF. ATP-dependent activity and mitochondrial localization of drug efflux pumps in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1075-1084. [PMID: 28214549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that, among the mechanisms of drug-resistance acquired by doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant breast cancer cells to maintain cell survival, ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps could be expressed in their mitochondrial membranes and this might limit the accumulation of DOX in this subcellular compartment in relation to mitochondrial ATP production. METHODS/RESULTS Mitochondrial DOX accumulation: the presence and the activity of mitochondrial efflux pumps and their relationship with mitochondrial ATP synthesis were analyzed in DOX-resistant (MCF-7doxR) and -sensitive (MCF-7S) breast cancer cells. Mitochondrial accumulation of DOX (autofluorescence) was decreased when ATP was produced, but only in MCF-7doxR. In these DOX-resistant cells, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) were expressed and localized in mitochondria (confocal microscopy and confocal spectral imaging studies). In addition, mitochondrial accumulation of DOX was increased by BCRP and MRP1 inhibitors and, to a lower extent, by the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor, oligomycin, in MCF-7doxR. CONCLUSIONS Both BCRP and MRP1 were localized in mitochondria and participated to the reduction of mitochondrial accumulation of DOX in MCF-7doxR. This process was partly dependent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study provides novel insights in the involvement of mitochondria in the underlying mechanisms of DOX-resistance in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dartier
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Elsa Lemaitre
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France
| | - Igor Chourpa
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; EA 6295 "Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes", Tours, France; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Servais
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; IUT, Tours, France
| | - Stéphan Chevalier
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France
| | - Karine Mahéo
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France.
| | - Jean-François Dumas
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France.
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Lubelska K, Wiktorska K, Mielczarek L, Milczarek M, Zbroińska-Bregisz I, Chilmonczyk Z. Sulforaphane Regulates NFE2L2/Nrf2-Dependent Xenobiotic Metabolism Phase II and Phase III Enzymes Differently in Human Colorectal Cancer and Untransformed Epithelial Colon Cells. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1338-1348. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1224369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Nagahama K, Utsumi T, Kumano T, Maekawa S, Oyama N, Kawakami J. Discovery of a new function of curcumin which enhances its anticancer therapeutic potency. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30962. [PMID: 27476814 PMCID: PMC4967984 DOI: 10.1038/srep30962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has received immense attention over the past decades because of its diverse biological activities and recognized as a promising drug candidate in a large number of diseases. However, its clinical application has been hindered due to extremely low aqueous solubility, chemical stability, and cellular uptake. In this study, we discovered quite a new function of curcumin, i.e. pH-responsive endosomal disrupting activity, derived from curcumin's self-assembly. We selected anticancer activity as an example of biological activities of curcumin, and investigated the contribution of pH-responsive property to its anticancer activity. As a result, we demonstrated that the pH-responsive property significantly enhances the anticancer activity of curcumin. Furthermore, we demonstrated a utility of the pH-responsive property of curcumin as delivery nanocarriers for doxorubicin toward combination cancer therapy. These results clearly indicate that the smart curcumin assemblies act as promising nanoplatform for development of curcumin-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nagahama
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoya Utsumi
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kumano
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Saeko Maekawa
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naho Oyama
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Junji Kawakami
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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42
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Seebacher N, Lane DJR, Richardson DR, Jansson PJ. Turning the gun on cancer: Utilizing lysosomal P-glycoprotein as a new strategy to overcome multi-drug resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:432-45. [PMID: 27154979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Cancer cells must constantly and rapidly adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment, due to alterations in the availability of nutrients, such as glucose, oxygen and key transition metals (e.g., iron and copper). This nutrient flux is typically a consequence of rapid growth, poor vascularization and necrosis. It has been demonstrated that stress factors, such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation up-regulate master transcription factors, namely hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which transcriptionally regulate the multi-drug resistance (MDR), transmembrane drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Interestingly, in addition to the established role of plasma membrane Pgp in MDR, a new paradigm of intracellular resistance has emerged that is premised on the ability of lysosomal Pgp to transport cytotoxic agents into this organelle. This mechanism is enabled by the topological inversion of Pgp via endocytosis resulting in the transporter actively pumping agents into the lysosome. In this way, classical Pgp substrates, such as doxorubicin (DOX), can be actively transported into this organelle. Within the lysosome, DOX becomes protonated upon acidification of the lysosomal lumen, causing its accumulation. This mechanism efficiently traps DOX, preventing its cytotoxic interaction with nuclear DNA. This review discusses these effects and highlights a novel mechanism by which redox-active and protonatable Pgp substrates can utilize lysosomal Pgp to gain access to this compartment, resulting in catastrophic lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Hence, a key MDR mechanism that utilizes Pgp (the "gun") to sequester protonatable drug substrates safely within lysosomes can be "turned on" MDR cancer cells to destroy them from within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Seebacher
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Hegyi Z, Homolya L. Functional Cooperativity between ABCG4 and ABCG1 Isoforms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156516. [PMID: 27228027 PMCID: PMC4882005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCG4 belongs to the ABCG subfamily, the members of which are half transporters composed of a single transmembrane and a single nucleotide-binding domain. ABCG proteins have a reverse domain topology as compared to other mammalian ABC transporters, and have to form functional dimers, since the catalytic sites for ATP binding and hydrolysis, as well as the transmembrane domains are composed of distinct parts of the monomers. Here we demonstrate that ABCG4 can form homodimers, but also heterodimers with its closest relative, ABCG1. Both the full-length and the short isoforms of ABCG1 can dimerize with ABCG4, whereas the ABCG2 multidrug transporter is unable to form a heterodimer with ABCG4. We also show that contrary to that reported in some previous studies, ABCG4 is predominantly localized to the plasma membrane. While both ABCG1 and ABCG4 have been suggested to be involved in lipid transport or regulation, in accordance with our previous results regarding the long version of ABCG1, here we document that the expression of both the short isoform of ABCG1 as well as ABCG4 induce apoptosis in various cell types. This apoptotic effect, as a functional read-out, allowed us to demonstrate that the dimerization between these half transporters is not only a physical interaction but functional cooperativity. Given that ABCG4 is predominantly expressed in microglial-like cells and endothelial cells in the brain, our finding of ABCG4-induced apoptosis may implicate a new role for this protein in the clearance mechanisms within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Hegyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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44
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Lysosomes as mediators of drug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 24:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Roundhill E, Turnbull D, Burchill S. Localization of MRP-1 to the outer mitochondrial membrane by the chaperone protein HSP90β. FASEB J 2015; 30:1712-23. [PMID: 26722004 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-283408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of plasma membrane multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1) in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) predicts poor outcome. MRP-1 is also expressed in mitochondria, and we have examined the submitochondrial localization of MRP-1 and investigated the mechanism of MRP-1 transport and role of this organelle in the response to doxorubicin. The mitochondrial localization of MRP-1 was examined in ES cell lines by differential centrifugation and membrane solubilization by digitonin. Whether MRP-1 is chaperoned by heat shock proteins (HSPs) was investigated by immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence microscopy, and HSP knockout using small hairpin RNA and inhibitors (apoptozole, 17-AAG, and NVPAUY). The effect of disrupting mitochondrial MRP-1-dependent efflux activity on the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin was investigated by counting viable cell number. Mitochondrial MRP-1 is glycosylated and localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is coexpressed with HSP90. MRP-1 binds to both HSP90 and HSP70, although only inhibition of HSP90β decreases expression of MRP-1 in the mitochondria. Disruption of mitochondrial MRP-1-dependent efflux significantly increases the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin (combination index, <0.9). For the first time, we have demonstrated that mitochondrial MRP-1 is expressed in the outer mitochondrial membrane and is a client protein of HSP90β, where it may play a role in the doxorubicin-induced resistance of ES.-Roundhill, E., Turnbull, D., Burchill, S. Localization of MRP-1 to the outer mitochondrial membrane by the chaperone protein HSP90β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Roundhill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Doug Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Burchill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
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46
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Abstract
The phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer is associated with the overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, including multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein. MRP1 plays an active role in protecting cells by its ability to efflux a vast array of drugs to sub-lethal levels. There has been much effort in elucidating the mechanisms of action, structure and substrates and substrate binding sites of MRP1 in the last decade. In this review, we detail our current understanding of MRP1, its clinical relevance and highlight the current environment in the search for MRP1 inhibitors. We also look at the capacity for the rapid intercellular transfer of MRP1 phenotype from spontaneously shed membrane vesicles known as microparticles and discuss the clinical and therapeutic significance of this in the context of cancer MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F Lu
- a Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Deep Pokharel
- a Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- a Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
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47
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Dual subcellular compartment delivery of doxorubicin to overcome drug resistant and enhance antitumor activity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16125. [PMID: 26530454 PMCID: PMC4632084 DOI: 10.1038/srep16125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome drug resistant and enhance antitumor activity of DOX, a new pH-sensitive micelle (DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA) was prepared to simultaneously deliver DOX to nucleus and mitochondria. Drug released from DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA showed a pH-dependent manner. DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA induced the depolarization of mitochondria and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231/ADR cells and A549 cells, which resulted in the high cytotoxicity of DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA against MDA-MB-231/ADR cells and A549 cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed that DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA simultaneously delivered DQA-DOX and DOX to the mitochondria and nucleus of tumor cell. After DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA was injected to the tumor-bearing nude mice by the tail vein, DOX was mainly found in tumor tissue. But DOX was widely distributed in the whole body after the administration of free DOX. Compared with free DOX, the same dose of DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA significantly inhibited the growth of DOX-resistant tumor in tumor-bearing mice without obvious systemic toxicity. Therefore, dual subcellular compartment delivery of DOX greatly enhanced the antitumor activity of DOX on DOX-resistant tumor. DOX/DQA-DOX@DSPE-hyd-PEG-AA has the potential in target therapy for DOX-resistant tumor.
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48
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Quantitative evaluation of berberine subcellular distribution and cellular accumulation in non-small cell lung cancer cells by UPLC–MS/MS. Talanta 2015; 144:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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49
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Iram SH, Gruber SJ, Raguimova ON, Thomas DD, Robia SL. ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Structure Changes Detected by Intramolecular Fluorescence Energy Transfer for High-Throughput Screening. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:84-94. [PMID: 25924616 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.096792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) actively transports a wide variety of drugs out of cells. To quantify MRP1 structural dynamics, we engineered a "two-color MRP1" construct by fusing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and TagRFP to MRP1 nucleotide-binding domains NBD1 and NBD2, respectively. The recombinant MRP1 protein expressed and trafficked normally to the plasma membrane. Two-color MRP1 transport activity was normal, as shown by vesicular transport of [(3)H]17β-estradiol-17-β-(D-glucuronide) and doxorubicin efflux in AAV-293 cells. We quantified fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from GFP to TagRFP as an index of NBD conformational changes. Our results show that ATP binding induces a large-amplitude conformational change that brings the NBDs into closer proximity. FRET was further increased by substrate in the presence of ATP but not by substrate alone. The data suggest that substrate binding is required to achieve a fully closed and compact structure. ATP analogs bind MRP1 with reduced apparent affinity, inducing a partially closed conformation. The results demonstrate the utility of the two-color MRP1 construct for investigating ATP-binding cassette transporter structural dynamics, and it holds great promise for high-throughput screening of chemical libraries for unknown activators, inhibitors, or transportable substrates of MRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surtaj H Iram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology (S.H.I., O.N.R., S.L.R.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (O.N.R., S.L.R.), Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois; and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.J.G., D.D.T); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota (S.H.I.)
| | - Simon J Gruber
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology (S.H.I., O.N.R., S.L.R.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (O.N.R., S.L.R.), Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois; and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.J.G., D.D.T); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota (S.H.I.)
| | - Olga N Raguimova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology (S.H.I., O.N.R., S.L.R.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (O.N.R., S.L.R.), Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois; and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.J.G., D.D.T); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota (S.H.I.)
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology (S.H.I., O.N.R., S.L.R.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (O.N.R., S.L.R.), Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois; and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.J.G., D.D.T); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota (S.H.I.)
| | - Seth L Robia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology (S.H.I., O.N.R., S.L.R.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (O.N.R., S.L.R.), Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois; and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.J.G., D.D.T); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota (S.H.I.)
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50
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Ding X, Chen Y, Han L, Qiu W, Gu X, Zhang H. Apoptosis related protein 3 is a lysosomal membrane protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:915-22. [PMID: 25839652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis Related Protein 3 (APR3) is an important protein which is involved in retinoic acid-induced apoptosis, osteoblast differentiation and cervical squamous cell carcinoma progression. Although it was predicted to be a trans-membrane protein, its cellular localization is not clear. In this study, we analyzed APR3 with bioinformatic tools and found that APR3 contains a potential signal peptide, a transmembrane region and 3 N-glycosylation sites, all of which are characteristics of lysosomal proteins. Western blot with isolated lysosomes demonstrated that APR3 was mainly present in lysosomes, specially in the lysosomal membrane fraction, but not in endoplasmic reticulum. Concomitantly, double immunofluorescence confirmed that APR3 co-localized with lysosomal membrane protein, LAMP1, as well as lysosomal specific marker, Lyso-Tracker Red. Moreover, we showed that APR3 was highly expressed in the lung, liver, spleen, kidney and adipose tissue, but expressed at the low level in the heart, pancreas, stomach and intestine. Interestingly, APR3 expression was elevated in multiple hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines comparing to normal liver cells. Collectively, our results proved that APR3 is a novel lysosomal membrane protein and shed light on its possible functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoDong Ding
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinologic, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - YuanWen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - LianShu Han
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinologic, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, PR China
| | - WenJuan Qiu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinologic, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, PR China
| | - XueFan Gu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinologic, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, PR China.
| | - HuiWen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinologic, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, PR China.
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