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Upton C, Healey J, Rothnie AJ, Goddard AD. Insights into membrane interactions and their therapeutic potential. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109939. [PMID: 38387829 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent research into membrane interactions has uncovered a diverse range of therapeutic opportunities through the bioengineering of human and non-human macromolecules. Although the majority of this research is focussed on fundamental developments, emerging studies are showcasing promising new technologies to combat conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's and inflammatory and immune-based disease, utilising the alteration of bacteriophage, adenovirus, bacterial toxins, type 6 secretion systems, annexins, mitochondrial antiviral signalling proteins and bacterial nano-syringes. To advance the field further, each of these opportunities need to be better understood, and the therapeutic models need to be further optimised. Here, we summarise the knowledge and insights into several membrane interactions and detail their current and potential uses therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Upton
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Joseph Healey
- Nanosyrinx, The Venture Centre, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, UK
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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2
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Wouters R, Beletchi I, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Martin S, Eggermont J, Vangheluwe P. The lipid flippase ATP10B enables cellular lipid uptake under stress conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119652. [PMID: 38086447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic ATP10B variants have been described in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy body disease, and we previously established ATP10B as a late endo-/lysosomal lipid flippase transporting both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and glucosylceramide (GluCer) from the lysosomal exoplasmic to cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. Since several other lipid flippases regulate cellular lipid uptake, we here examined whether also ATP10B impacts cellular lipid uptake. Transient co-expression of ATP10B with its obligatory subunit CDC50A stimulated the uptake of fluorescently (NBD-) labeled PC in HeLa cells. This uptake is dependent on the transport function of ATP10B, is impaired by disease-associated variants and appears specific for NBD-PC. Uptake of non-ATP10B substrates, such as NBD-sphingomyelin or NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine is not increased. Remarkably, in stable cell lines co-expressing ATP10B/CDC50A we only observed increased NBD-PC uptake following treatment with rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that induces transport-dependent ATP10B phenotypes. Conversely, Im95m and WM-115 cells with endogenous ATP10B expression, present a decreased NBD-PC uptake following ATP10B knockdown, an effect that is exacerbated under rotenone stress. Our data show that the endo-/lysosomal lipid flippase ATP10B contributes to cellular PC uptake under specific cell stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Wouters
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Igor Beletchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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3
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Wan Y, Zhao Y, Cao M, Wang J, Tran SV, Song Z, Hsueh BW, Wang SE. Lung Fibroblasts Take up Breast Cancer Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Partially Through MEK2-dependent Macropinocytosis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:170-181. [PMID: 38259097 PMCID: PMC10802141 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) have emerged as critical effectors in the cross-talk between cancer and normal cells by transferring intracellular materials between adjacent or distant cells. Previous studies have begun to elucidate how cancer cells, by secreting EVs, adapt normal cells at a metastatic site to facilitate cancer cell metastasis. In this study, we utilized a high-content microscopic screening platform to investigate the mechanisms of EV uptake by primary lung fibroblasts. A selected library containing 90 FDA-approved anticancer drugs was screened for the effect on fibroblast uptake of EVs from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Among the drugs identified to inhibit EV uptake without exerting significant cytotoxicity, we validated the dose-dependent effect of Trametinib (a MEK1/2 inhibitor) and Copanlisib (a PI3K inhibitor). Trametinib suppressed macropinocytosis in lung fibroblasts and inhibited EV uptake with a higher potency comparing with Copanlisib. Gene knockdown and overexpression studies demonstrated that uptake of MDA-MB-231 EVs by lung fibroblasts required MEK2. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying lung fibroblast uptake of breast cancer cell-derived EVs, which could play a role in breast cancer metastasis to the lungs and suggest potential therapeutic targets for preventing or treating this deadly disease. SIGNIFICANCE Through a phenotypic screen, we found that MEK inhibitor Trametinib suppressed EV uptake and macropinocytosis in lung fibroblasts, and that EV uptake is mediated by MEK2 in these cells. Our results suggest that MEK2 inhibition could serve as a strategy to block cancer EV uptake by lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wan
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sheila V. Tran
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Zhixuan Song
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brent W. Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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4
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Menaceur C, Dusailly O, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Saint-Pol J. Vesicular Trafficking, a Mechanism Controlled by Cascade Activation of Rab Proteins: Focus on Rab27. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1530. [PMID: 38132356 PMCID: PMC10740503 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking is essential for the cell to internalize useful proteins and soluble substances, for cell signaling or for the degradation of pathogenic elements such as bacteria or viruses. This vesicular trafficking also enables the cell to engage in secretory processes for the elimination of waste products or for the emission of intercellular communication vectors such as cytokines, chemokines and extracellular vesicles. Ras-related proteins (Rab) and their effector(s) are of crucial importance in all of these processes, and mutations/alterations to them have serious pathophysiological consequences. This review presents a non-exhaustive overview of the role of the major Rab involved in vesicular trafficking, with particular emphasis on their involvement in the biogenesis and secretion of extracellular vesicles, and on the role of Rab27 in various pathophysiological processes. Therefore, Rab and their effector(s) are central therapeutic targets, given their involvement in vesicular trafficking and their importance for cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julien Saint-Pol
- Univ. Artois, UR 2465, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory (LBHE), F-62300 Lens, France; (C.M.); (O.D.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
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5
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Mirza I, Haloul M, Hassan C, Masrur M, Mostafa A, Bianco FM, Ali MM, Minshall RD, Mahmoud AM. Adiposomes from Obese-Diabetic Individuals Promote Endothelial Dysfunction and Loss of Surface Caveolae. Cells 2023; 12:2453. [PMID: 37887297 PMCID: PMC10605845 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are products of lipid glycosylation that have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In diabetes, the adipocyte microenvironment is characterized by hyperglycemia and inflammation, resulting in high levels of GSLs. Therefore, we sought to assess the GSL content in extracellular vesicles derived from the adipose tissues (adiposomes) of obese-diabetic (OB-T2D) subjects and their impact on endothelial cell function. To this end, endothelial cells were exposed to adiposomes isolated from OB-T2D versus healthy subjects. Cells were assessed for caveolar integrity and related signaling, such as Src-kinase and caveolin-1 (cav-1) phosphorylation, and functional pathways, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Compared with adiposomes from healthy subjects, OB-T2D adiposomes had higher levels of GSLs, especially LacCer and GM3; they promoted cav-1 phosphorylation coupled to an obvious loss of endothelial surface caveolae and induced eNOS-uncoupling, peroxynitrite generation, and cav-1 nitrosylation. These effects were abolished by Src kinase inhibition and were not observed in GSL-depleted adiposomes. At the functional levels, OB-T2D adiposomes reduced nitric oxide production, shear response, and albumin intake in endothelial cells and impaired flow-induced dilation in healthy arterioles. In conclusion, OB-T2D adiposomes carried a detrimental GSL cargo that disturbed endothelial caveolae and the associated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imaduddin Mirza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohamed Haloul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Chandra Hassan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Mario Masrur
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Amro Mostafa
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Francesco M. Bianco
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Mohamed M. Ali
- School of Business and Non-Profit Management, North Park University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA;
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (C.H.); (M.M.); (F.M.B.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Abeer M. Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (I.M.); (M.H.)
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Shikanai M, Ito S, Nishimura YV, Akagawa R, Fukuda M, Yuzaki M, Nabeshima Y, Kawauchi T. Rab21 regulates caveolin-1-mediated endocytic trafficking to promote immature neurite pruning. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e54701. [PMID: 36683567 PMCID: PMC9986827 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins are internalized by clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis. Both pathways converge on early endosomes and are thought to share the small GTPase Rab5 as common regulator. In contrast to this notion, we show here that the clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytic pathways are differentially regulated. Rab5 and Rab21 localize to distinct populations of early endosomes in cortical neurons and preferentially regulate clathrin- and caveolin-mediated pathways, respectively, suggesting heterogeneity in the early endosomes, rather than a converging point. Suppression of Rab21, but not Rab5, results in decreased plasma membrane localization and total protein levels of caveolin-1, which perturbs immature neurite pruning of cortical neurons, an in vivo-specific step of neuronal maturation. Taken together, our data indicate that clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytic pathways run in parallel in early endosomes, which show different molecular regulation and physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mima Shikanai
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shiho Ito
- Department of Aging Science and Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Life ScienceInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, FBRI, CLIK‐5FKobeJapan
| | - Yoshiaki V Nishimura
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Remi Akagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Life ScienceInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, FBRI, CLIK‐5FKobeJapan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yo‐ichi Nabeshima
- Department of Aging Science and Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Life ScienceInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, FBRI, CLIK‐5FKobeJapan
| | - Takeshi Kawauchi
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Aging Science and Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Life ScienceInstitute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, FBRI, CLIK‐5FKobeJapan
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7
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Selective ischemic-hemisphere targeting Ginkgolide B liposomes with improved solubility and therapeutic efficacy for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100783. [PMID: 36891470 PMCID: PMC9986716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) remains the main cause of disability and death in stroke patients due to lack of effective therapeutic strategies. One of the main issues related to CI/RI treatment is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which affects the intracerebral delivery of drugs. Ginkgolide B (GB), a major bioactive component in commercially available products of Ginkgo biloba, has been shown significance in CI/RI treatment by regulating inflammatory pathways, oxidative damage, and metabolic disturbance, and seems to be a candidate for stroke recovery. However, limited by its poor hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, the development of GB preparations with good solubility, stability, and the ability to cross the BBB remains a challenge. Herein, we propose a combinatorial strategy by conjugating GB with highly lipophilic docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to obtain a covalent complex GB-DHA, which can not only enhance the pharmacological effect of GB, but can also be encapsulated in liposomes stably. The amount of finally constructed Lipo@GB-DHA targeting to ischemic hemisphere was validated 2.2 times that of free solution in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. Compared to the marketed ginkgolide injection, Lipo@GB-DHA significantly reduced infarct volume with better neurobehavioral recovery in MCAO rats after being intravenously administered both at 2 h and 6 h post-reperfusion. Low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high neuron survival in vitro was maintained via Lipo@GB-DHA treatment, while microglia in the ischemic brain were polarized from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the tissue-repairing M2 phenotype, which modulate neuroinflammatory and angiogenesis. In addition, Lipo@GB-DHA inhibited neuronal apoptosis via regulating the apoptotic pathway and maintained homeostasis by activating the autophagy pathway. Thus, transforming GB into a lipophilic complex and loading it into liposomes provides a promising nanomedicine strategy with excellent CI/RI therapeutic efficacy and industrialization prospects.
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8
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Lolo FN, Pavón DM, Grande-García A, Elosegui-Artola A, Segatori VI, Sánchez S, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P, del Pozo MA. Caveolae couple mechanical stress to integrin recycling and activation. eLife 2022; 11:e82348. [PMID: 36264062 PMCID: PMC9747151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are subjected to multiple mechanical inputs throughout their lives. Their ability to detect these environmental cues is called mechanosensing, a process in which integrins play an important role. During cellular mechanosensing, plasma membrane (PM) tension is adjusted to mechanical stress through the buffering action of caveolae; however, little is known about the role of caveolae in early integrin mechanosensing regulation. Here, we show that Cav1KO fibroblasts increase adhesion to FN-coated beads when pulled with magnetic tweezers, as compared to wild type fibroblasts. This phenotype is Rho-independent and mainly derived from increased active β1-integrin content on the surface of Cav1KO fibroblasts. Florescence recovery after photobleaching analysis and endocytosis/recycling assays revealed that active β1-integrin is mostly endocytosed through the clathrin independent carrier/glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-enriched endocytic compartment pathway and is more rapidly recycled to the PM in Cav1KO fibroblasts, in a Rab4 and PM tension-dependent manner. Moreover, the threshold for PM tension-driven β1-integrin activation is lower in Cav1KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) than in wild type MEFs, through a mechanism dependent on talin activity. Our findings suggest that caveolae couple mechanical stress to integrin cycling and activation, thereby regulating the early steps of the cellular mechanosensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel-Nicolás Lolo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Dácil María Pavón
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Araceli Grande-García
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | | | - Valeria Inés Segatori
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Sara Sánchez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of CataloniaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Miguel A del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
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9
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Barattucci A, Gangemi CMA, Santoro A, Campagna S, Puntoriero F, Bonaccorsi P. Bodipy-carbohydrate systems: synthesis and bio-applications. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2742-2763. [PMID: 35137764 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02459k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent BODIPY-sugar probes have stimulated the attention of researchers for the potential applications of such molecular systems in bio-imaging. The presence of carbohydrate units confers unique structural and biological features, beside enhancement of water solubility and polarity. On the other hand, BODIPY (BOronDiPYrromethene) derivatives represent eclectic and functional luminescent molecules because of their outstanding photophysical properties. This article provides a review on the synthesis and applications of BODIPY-linked glycosyl probes in which the labelling of complex carbohydrates with BODIPY allowed the disclosing of their in vivo behaviour or where the sugar constitutes a recognition element for specific targeting probes, or, finally, in which the stereochemical characteristics of the carbohydrate hydroxyl groups play as structural elements for assembling more than one photoactive subunit, resulting in functional supramolecular molecules with modulable properties. We describe the methods we have used to construct various multiBODIPY molecular systems capable of functioning as artificial antennas exhibiting extremely efficient and fast photo-induced energy transfer. Some of these systems have been designed to allow the modulation of energy transfer efficiency and emission color, and intensity dependent on their position within a biological matrix. Finally, future perspectives for such BODIPY-based functional supramolecular sugar systems are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barattucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Chiara M A Gangemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Paola Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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10
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Iwabuchi K, Nakayama H, Hanafusa K. Lactosylceramide-enriched microdomains mediate human neutrophil immunological functions via carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:239-246. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Wareham LK, Echevarria FD, Sousa JL, Konlian DO, Dallas G, Formichella CR, Sankaran P, Goralski PJ, Gustafson JR, Sappington RM. Interleukin-6 promotes microtubule stability in axons via Stat3 protein-protein interactions. iScience 2021; 24:103141. [PMID: 34646984 PMCID: PMC8496173 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines and its downstream effector, STAT3, are important mediators of neuronal health, repair, and disease throughout the CNS, including the visual system. Here, we elucidate a transcription-independent mechanism for the neuropoietic activities of IL-6 related to axon development, regeneration, and repair. We examined the outcome of IL-6 deficiency on structure and function of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, which form the optic projection. We found that IL-6 deficiency substantially delays anterograde axon transport in vivo. The reduced rate of axon transport is accompanied by changes in morphology, structure, and post-translational modification of microtubules. In vivo and in vitro studies in mice and swine revealed that IL-6-dependent microtubule phenotypes arise from protein-protein interactions between STAT3 and stathmin. As in tumor cells and T cells, this STAT3-stathmin interaction stabilizes microtubules in RGCs. Thus, this IL-6-STAT3-dependent mechanism for axon architecture is likely a fundamental mechanism for microtubule stability systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Sousa
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Danielle O Konlian
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gabrielle Dallas
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Cathryn R Formichella
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Priya Sankaran
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Peter J Goralski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jenna R Gustafson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Rebecca M Sappington
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
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12
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Yokoyama N, Hanafusa K, Hotta T, Oshima E, Iwabuchi K, Nakayama H. Multiplicity of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomain-Driven Immune Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9565. [PMID: 34502474 PMCID: PMC8430928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), together with cholesterol, sphingomyelin (SM), and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored and membrane-associated signal transduction molecules, form GSL-enriched microdomains. These specialized microdomains interact in a cis manner with various immune receptors, affecting immune receptor-mediated signaling. This, in turn, results in the regulation of a broad range of immunological functions, including phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation and apoptosis. In addition, GSLs alone can regulate immunological functions by acting as ligands for immune receptors, and exogenous GSLs can alter the organization of microdomains and microdomain-associated signaling. Many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and fungi, enter host cells by binding to GSL-enriched microdomains. Intracellular pathogens survive inside phagocytes by manipulating intracellular microdomain-driven signaling and/or sphingolipid metabolism pathways. This review describes the mechanisms by which GSL-enriched microdomains regulate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (N.Y.); (K.H.); (T.H.); (E.O.); (K.I.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
- Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0023, Japan
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13
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Ha TY, Choi YR, Noh HR, Cha SH, Kim JB, Park SM. Age-related increase in caveolin-1 expression facilitates cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein in neurons. Mol Brain 2021; 14:122. [PMID: 34321069 PMCID: PMC8320051 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with aging being considered the greatest risk factor for developing PD. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to participate in the aging process. Recent evidence indicates that prion-like propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) released from neurons to neighboring neurons plays an important role in PD progression. In the present study, we demonstrated that cav-1 expression in the brain increased with age, and considerably increased in the brain of A53T α-syn transgenic mice. Cav-1 overexpression facilitated the uptake of α-syn into neurons and formation of additional Lewy body-like inclusion bodies, phosphorylation of cav-1 at tyrosine 14 was found to be crucial for this process. This study demonstrates the relationship between age and α-syn spread and will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Ree Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Rin Noh
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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14
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Sousa de Almeida M, Susnik E, Drasler B, Taladriz-Blanco P, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Understanding nanoparticle endocytosis to improve targeting strategies in nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5397-5434. [PMID: 33666625 PMCID: PMC8111542 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01127d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention in various fields, such as cosmetics, the food industry, material design, and nanomedicine. In particular, the fast-moving field of nanomedicine takes advantage of features of NPs for the detection and treatment of different types of cancer, fibrosis, inflammation, arthritis as well as neurodegenerative and gastrointestinal diseases. To this end, a detailed understanding of the NP uptake mechanisms by cells and intracellular localization is essential for safe and efficient therapeutic applications. In the first part of this review, we describe the several endocytic pathways involved in the internalization of NPs and we discuss the impact of the physicochemical properties of NPs on this process. In addition, the potential challenges of using various inhibitors, endocytic markers and genetic approaches to study endocytosis are addressed along with the principal (semi) quantification methods of NP uptake. The second part focuses on synthetic and bio-inspired substances, which can stimulate or decrease the cellular uptake of NPs. This approach could be interesting in nanomedicine where a high accumulation of drugs in the target cells is desirable and clearance by immune cells is to be avoided. This review contributes to an improved understanding of NP endocytic pathways and reveals potential substances, which can be used in nanomedicine to improve NP delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sousa de Almeida
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700 FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Eva Susnik
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700 FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Barbara Drasler
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700 FribourgSwitzerland
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700 FribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of FribourgChemin du Musée 91700 FribourgSwitzerland
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15
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Yılmaz D, Culha M. Investigation of the pathway dependent endocytosis of gold nanoparticles by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Talanta 2021; 225:122071. [PMID: 33592789 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a critical mechanism providing not only internalization of biomacromolecular structures but also communication with the environment where cells reside. Due to being the first step at the interaction interface, the route of cellular uptake has a major role governing the intracellular destinations and behaviors of molecular and non-molecular species including nanoparticles. To this end, various methods employing variety of techniques are investigated. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based approach for the investigation of endocytosis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is reported. Internalization pathways of AuNPs were examined by flow cytometry via specific inhibitors for each endocytosis pathway type using three model cell lines Beas-2b, A549 and PNT1A. Macropinocytosis was blocked by cytochalasin D (CytoD), clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) by sucrose (Scr), and caveolae mediated endocytosis (CE) by filipin (Fil). The results showed that cell type dependent AuNPs internalization affects not only the response of the cells to the inhibitors but also the obtained SERS spectra. SERS spectra of PNT1A cells treated with inhibitors was influenced most. The inhibition of each endocytosis pathway significantly affected the SERS spectral pattern and the spectral changes in different endocytosis pathways were clearly discriminated from each other. This means that SERS can significantly contribute to the investigation of different endosomal pathways from single living cells without any disruption of the cells or labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yılmaz
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Culha
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey; Oregon Health and Science University, The Knight Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR) Center, Portland, OR 97239 USA; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956 Turkey.
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16
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Sheth V, Wang L, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P, Wilhelm S. Strategies for Delivering Nanoparticles across Tumor Blood Vessels. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2007363. [PMID: 37197212 PMCID: PMC10187772 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202007363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle transport across tumor blood vessels is a key step in nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors. However, the specific pathways and mechanisms of this nanoparticle delivery process are not fully understood. Here, the biological and physical characteristics of the tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment are explored and how these features affect nanoparticle transport across tumor blood vessels is discussed. The biological and physical methods to deliver nanoparticles into tumors are reviewed and paracellular and transcellular nanoparticle transport pathways are explored. Understanding the underlying pathways and mechanisms of nanoparticle tumor delivery will inform the engineering of safer and more effective nanomedicines for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sheth
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 173 Felgar St, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 173 Felgar St, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 800 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 800 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 173 Felgar St, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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17
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D'Acunzo P, Pérez-González R, Kim Y, Hargash T, Miller C, Alldred MJ, Erdjument-Bromage H, Penikalapati SC, Pawlik M, Saito M, Saito M, Ginsberg SD, Neubert TA, Goulbourne CN, Levy E. Mitovesicles are a novel population of extracellular vesicles of mitochondrial origin altered in Down syndrome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/7/eabe5085. [PMID: 33579698 PMCID: PMC7880603 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an established hallmark of aging and neurodegenerative disorders such as Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using a high-resolution density gradient separation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from murine and human DS and diploid control brains, we identify and characterize a previously unknown population of double-membraned EVs containing multiple mitochondrial proteins distinct from previously described EV subtypes, including microvesicles and exosomes. We term these newly identified mitochondria-derived EVs "mitovesicles." We demonstrate that brain-derived mitovesicles contain a specific subset of mitochondrial constituents and that their levels and cargo are altered during pathophysiological processes where mitochondrial dysfunction occurs, including in DS. The development of a method for the selective isolation of mitovesicles paves the way for the characterization in vivo of biological processes connecting EV biology and mitochondria dynamics and for innovative therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale D'Acunzo
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rocío Pérez-González
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yohan Kim
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tal Hargash
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Chelsea Miller
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sai C Penikalapati
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Monika Pawlik
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Mitsuo Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chris N Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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18
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Temporal analysis of localization and trafficking of glycolipids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:19-24. [PMID: 32826055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipid metabolism occurs in the Golgi apparatus, but the detailed mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. We used fluorescently labeled glycolipids to analyze glycolipid composition and localization changes and shed light on glycolipid metabolism. In a previous study, the fatty chain of lactosyl ceramide was fluorescently labeled with BODIPY (LacCer-BODIPY) before being introduced into cultured cells to analyze the cell membrane glycolipid recycling process. However, imaging analysis of glycolipid recycling is difficult because of limited spatial resolution. Therefore, we examined the microscopic conditions that allow the temporal analysis of LacCer-BODIPY trafficking and localization. We observed that the glycolipid fluorescent probe migrated from the cell membrane to intracellular organelles before returning to the cell membrane. We used confocal microscopy to observe co-localization of the glycolipid probe with endosomes and Golgi markers, demonstrating that it recycles mainly through the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here, a glycolipid recycling pathway was observed that did not require the lipids to pass through the lysosome.
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19
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Adar T, Shankar Lankalapalli R, Bittman R, Ilan Y. The assembly of glycosphingolipid determines their immunomodulatory effect: A novel method for structure-based design of immunotherapy. Cell Immunol 2020; 355:104157. [PMID: 32659503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships provide insight into the binding interactions of beta-glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with both the TCR and the CD1d molecules, as well as the subsequent immunologic response of regulatory NKT cells. AIM To determine the effects of synthetic GSL structures on their immune modulatory functions. METHODS GSLs of various structures were tested in vitro and in an animal model of Concanavalin A (ConA) immune-mediated hepatitis. RESULTS In vitro, using SV40 binding to live monkey CV1 cells, the l-threo stereoisomer of C8-β-LacCer inhibits caveolar internalization, reducing viral binding to the cell surface. In vivo, in the ConA model, LR172, which has a saturated C8 chain, and LR178, which has a trans double bond at C-2 in the C8 chain, suppressed the immune-mediated liver inflammation and reduced IFNγ levels in a dose dependent manner. The beneficial effects of LR172 and of LR178 are associated with suppression of liver apoptosis, increased phosphorylated STAT3 expression in the liver, and an increase in the NKT liver/spleen ratio. SUMMARY The assembly of GSLs determines their immunomodulatory effect and can serve as a method for structure-based design of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Adar
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ravi Shankar Lankalapalli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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20
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Howlader MA, Guo T, Chakraberty R, Cairo CW. Isoenzyme-Selective Inhibitors of Human Neuraminidases Reveal Distinct Effects on Cell Migration. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1328-1339. [PMID: 32310634 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The human neuraminidase enzymes (NEU1, NEU2, NEU3, and NEU4) are a class of enzymes implicated in pathologies including cancer and diabetes. Several reports have linked neuraminidase activity to the regulation of cell migration in cancer cells. Using an in vitro cell migration assay on fibronectin (FN) coated surfaces, we have investigated the role of these enzymes in integrin-mediated cell migration. We observed that neuraminidase inhibition caused significant retardation of cell migration in breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines when using inhibitors of NEU3 and NEU4. In contrast, inhibition of NEU1 caused a significant increase in cell migration for the same cell lines. We concluded that the blockade of human neuraminidase enzymes with isoenzyme-selective inhibitors can lead to disparate results and has significant potential in the development of anticancer or wound healing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Amran Howlader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Radhika Chakraberty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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21
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Structured clustering of the glycosphingolipid GM1 is required for membrane curvature induced by cholera toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14978-14986. [PMID: 32554490 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001119117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AB5 bacterial toxins and polyomaviruses induce membrane curvature as a mechanism to facilitate their entry into host cells. How membrane bending is accomplished is not yet fully understood but has been linked to the simultaneous binding of the pentameric B subunit to multiple copies of glycosphingolipid receptors. Here, we probe the toxin membrane binding and internalization mechanisms by using a combination of superresolution and polarized localization microscopy. We show that cholera toxin subunit B (CTxB) can induce membrane curvature only when bound to multiple copies of its glycosphingolipid receptor, GM1, and the ceramide structure of GM1 is likely not a determinant of this activity as assessed in model membranes. A mutant CTxB capable of binding only a single GM1 fails to generate curvature either in model membranes or in cells, and clustering the mutant CTxB-single-GM1 complexes by antibody cross-linking does not rescue the membrane curvature phenotype. We conclude that both the multiplicity and specific geometry of GM1 binding sites are necessary for the induction of membrane curvature. We expect this to be a general rule of membrane behavior for all AB5 toxins and polyomaviruses that bind glycosphingolipids to invade host cells.
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22
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Duffney PF, Embong AK, McGuire CC, Thatcher TH, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. Cigarette smoke increases susceptibility to infection in lung epithelial cells by upregulating caveolin-dependent endocytosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232102. [PMID: 32437367 PMCID: PMC7241776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is a risk factor for many pulmonary diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Cigarette smokers are more prone to respiratory infections with more severe symptoms. In those with COPD, viral infections can lead to acute exacerbations resulting in lung function decline and death. Epithelial cells in the lung are the first line of defense against inhaled insults such as tobacco smoke and are the target for many respiratory pathogens. Endocytosis is an essential cell function involved in nutrient uptake, cell signaling, and sensing of the extracellular environment, yet, the effect of cigarette smoke on epithelial cell endocytosis is not known. Here, we report for the first time that cigarette smoke alters the function of several important endocytic pathways in primary human small airway epithelial cells. Cigarette smoke exposure impairs clathrin-mediated endocytosis and fluid phase macropinocytosis while increasing caveolin mediated endocytosis. We also show that influenza virus uptake is enhanced by cigarette smoke exposure. These results support the concept that cigarette smoke-induced dysregulation of endocytosis contributes to lung infection in smokers. Targeting endocytosis pathways to restore normal epithelial cell function may be a new therapeutic approach to reduce respiratory infections in current and former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker F. Duffney
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - A. Karim Embong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Connor C. McGuire
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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23
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Hubert M, Larsson E, Vegesna NVG, Ahnlund M, Johansson AI, Moodie LW, Lundmark R. Lipid accumulation controls the balance between surface connection and scission of caveolae. eLife 2020; 9:55038. [PMID: 32364496 PMCID: PMC7239661 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are bulb-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane (PM) that undergo scission and fusion at the cell surface and are enriched in specific lipids. However, the influence of lipid composition on caveolae surface stability is not well described or understood. Accordingly, we inserted specific lipids into the cell PM via membrane fusion and studied their acute effects on caveolae dynamics. We demonstrate that sphingomyelin stabilizes caveolae to the cell surface, whereas cholesterol and glycosphingolipids drive caveolae scission from the PM. Although all three lipids accumulated specifically in caveolae, cholesterol and sphingomyelin were actively sequestered, whereas glycosphingolipids diffused freely. The ATPase EHD2 restricts lipid diffusion and counteracts lipid-induced scission. We propose that specific lipid accumulation in caveolae generates an intrinsically unstable domain prone to scission if not restrained by EHD2 at the caveolae neck. This work provides a mechanistic link between caveolae and their ability to sense the PM lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Hubert
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Larsson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Ahnlund
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika I Johansson
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Richard Lundmark
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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24
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Xu W, Bae EJ, Lee MK. Enhanced anticancer activity and intracellular uptake of paclitaxel-containing solid lipid nanoparticles in multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7549-7563. [PMID: 30532538 PMCID: PMC6241869 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s182621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to show enhanced anticancer activity of paclitaxel (Ptx) incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and reveal reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR) by SLNs mediated by increased uptake through different entry mechanisms from that in drug-sensitive cells. METHODS Anticancer activity of Ptx incorporated in SLNs (Ptx-SLNs) was measured in the drug-sensitive human breast cancer cell line MCF7 and its MDR variant MCF7/ADR. Cellular uptake of cargo molecules in SLNs was compared using Ptx-SLNs and rhodamine 123-loaded SLNs (Rho-SLNs) in both cell lines. In addition, endocytic uptake was evaluated using genistein (Gen) and chlorpromazine (Cpz) as inhibitors of clathrin- and caveola-mediated endocytosis, respectively. RESULTS Ptx-SLNs showed remarkably enhanced anticancer activity in MCF7/ADR compared to Ptx delivered in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Cremophor EL-based vehicles. SLNs significantly increased intracellular uptake of Ptx and Rho in MCF7/ADR. Western blotting demonstrated that clathrin was expressed in both cell lines, while caveolin 1 was expressed only in MCF7/ADR. In MCF7/ADR, uptake of Ptx-SLNs and Rho-SLNs was reduced by Gen, while there was no change by Cpz, suggesting the involvement of caveola-mediated endocytosis. Size reduction of Rho-SLNs through high-pressure homogenization (Rho-SLNs) appeared to cause a shift of the endocytosis mechanism from a clathrin-independent pathway to a clathrin-dependent one. In contrast to MCF7/ADR, the uptake of SLNs into MCF7 was not changed by Gen or Cpz, suggesting involvement of clathrin- and caveola-independent mechanism for the entry of SLNs. CONCLUSION MDR was reversed by incorporating drug into SLNs, and the reversal was mediated by increased uptake of SLNs evading efflux pumps in MDR cells. The enhanced uptake could also be due to the use of different endocytosis pathways by SLNs in MDR cells from drug-sensitive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, South Korea,
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, South Korea,
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, South Korea,
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25
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Kang SJ, Kim JS, Park SM. Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase L1 Regulates Lipid Raft-dependent Endocytosis. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:377-386. [PMID: 30429647 PMCID: PMC6221840 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.5.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that is highly expressed in neurons, and gathering evidence indicates that UCH-L1 may play pathogenic roles in many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). Additionally, lipid rafts have attracted interest in neurodegeneration as playing a common role in many neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we demonstrated that UCH-L1 associates with lipid rafts as with other PD-associated gene products. In addition, UCH-L1 regulates lipid raft-dependent endocytosis and it is not dependent on the expression and degradation of caveolin-1 or flotillin-1. Finally, UCH-L1 regulates cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein. This study provides evidence that many PD-associated gene products share common signaling pathways to explain the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Jun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,BK21 plus program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,BK21 plus program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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26
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Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not a simple sheet of lipids and proteins but is differentiated into subdomains with crucial functions. Caveolae, small pits in the plasma membrane, are the most abundant surface subdomains of many mammalian cells. The cellular functions of caveolae have long remained obscure, but a new molecular understanding of caveola formation has led to insights into their workings. Caveolae are formed by the coordinated action of a number of lipid-interacting proteins to produce a microdomain with a specific structure and lipid composition. Caveolae can bud from the plasma membrane to form an endocytic vesicle or can flatten into the membrane to help cells withstand mechanical stress. The role of caveolae as mechanoprotective and signal transduction elements is reviewed in the context of disease conditions associated with caveola dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4060, Australia
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27
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Shikanai M, Nishimura YV, Sakurai M, Nabeshima YI, Yuzaki M, Kawauchi T. Caveolin-1 Promotes Early Neuronal Maturation via Caveolae-Independent Trafficking of N-Cadherin and L1. iScience 2018; 7:53-67. [PMID: 30267686 PMCID: PMC6135901 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon specification is morphologically reproducible in vitro, whereas dendrite formation differs in vitro and in vivo. Cortical neurons initially develop immature neurites, but in vivo these are eliminated concurrently with the formation of a leading process, the future dendrite. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these neuronal maturation events remain unclear. Here we show that caveolin-1, a major component of caveolae that are never observed in neurons, regulates in vivo-specific steps of neuronal maturation. Caveolin-1 is predominantly expressed in immature cortical neurons and regulates clathrin-independent endocytosis. In vivo knockdown of caveolin-1 disturbs immature neurite pruning, leading process elongation, and subsequent neuronal migration. Importantly, N-cadherin and L1, which are required for immature neurite formation, undergo caveolin-1-mediated endocytosis to eliminate immature neurites. Collectively, our findings indicate that caveolin-1 regulates N-cadherin and L1 trafficking independent of caveolae, which contributes to spatiotemporally restricted cellular events; immature neurite pruning and leading process elongation during early neuronal maturation. Clathrin-independent endocytosis regulates early neuronal maturation Caveolin-1 promotes immature neurite pruning and leading process elongation in vivo Caveolin-1 controls N-cadherin and L1 trafficking independent of caveolae Suppression of caveolin-1 results in defects in cortical neuronal migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Mima Shikanai
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki V Nishimura
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyaginoku, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8536, Japan
| | - Miwa Sakurai
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawauchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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28
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Ho YT, Kamm RD, Kah JCY. Influence of protein corona and caveolae-mediated endocytosis on nanoparticle uptake and transcytosis. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12386-12397. [PMID: 29926047 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Transcytosis of nanoparticles (NPs) is emerging as an attractive alternative to the paracellular route in cancer drug delivery with studies suggesting targeting caveolae-mediated endocytosis to maximize NP transcytosis. However, there are limited studies on transcytosis of NPs, especially for corona-coated NPs. Most studies focused on cellular uptake as an indirect measure of the NP's transcellular permeability (Pd). Here, we probed the effect of protein corona on the uptake and transcytosis of 20, 40, 100, and 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (pNP-PC) across HUVECs in a microfluidic channel that modelled the microvasculature. We observed increased cell uptake with size of pNP-PC although it was the smallest 20 nm pNP-PC that exhibited the highest transcellular Pd. In the absence of corona however, cell uptake decreased with size, and the largest 200 nm pNP-PEG exhibited the lowest transcellular Pd. By inhibiting caveolae-mediated endocytosis in HUVECs, smaller pNPs had a larger drop in cell uptake than larger pNPs, regardless of surface coating. However, only the smallest (20 nm) and largest (200 nm) pNP-PC had a decrease in Pd following inhibition with MβCD. Our findings showed that the protein corona affected the transcytosis of NPs, and their uptake by caveolae-mediated endocytosis did not necessarily lead to transcytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teck Ho
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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30
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Ganguly P, Breen A, Pillai SC. Toxicity of Nanomaterials: Exposure, Pathways, Assessment, and Recent Advances. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2237-2275. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ganguly
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Ailish Breen
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Suresh C. Pillai
- Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
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31
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Morshed SA, Ma R, Latif R, Davies TF. Biased signaling by thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor-specific antibodies determines thyrocyte survival in autoimmunity. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/514/eaah4120. [PMID: 29363585 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR). Autoimmune hyperthyroidism, commonly known as Graves' disease (GD), is caused by stimulating autoantibodies to the TSHR. We previously described TSHR-specific antibodies (TSHR-Abs) in GD that recognize linear epitopes in the cleavage region of the TSHR ectodomain (C-TSHR-Abs) and induce thyroid cell apoptosis instead of stimulating the TSHR. We found that C-TSHR-Abs entered the cell through clathrin-mediated endocytosis but did not trigger endosomal maturation and failed to undergo normal vesicular sorting and trafficking. We found that stimulating TSHR-Abs (S-TSHR-Abs) activated Gαs and, to a lesser extent, Gαq but that C-TSHR-Abs failed to activate any of the G proteins normally activated in response to TSH. Furthermore, specific inhibition of G proteins in the presence of S-TSHR-mAbs or TSH resulted in a similar failure of endosomal maturation as that caused by C-TSHR-mAbs. Hence, whereas S-TSHR-mAbs and TSH contributed to normal vesicular trafficking of TSHR through the activation of major G proteins, the C-TSHR-Abs resulted in GRK2- and β-arrestin-1-dependent biased signaling, which is interpreted as a danger signal by the cell. Our observations suggest that the binding of antibodies to different TSHR epitopes may decrease cell survival. Antibody-induced cell injury and the response to cell death amplify the loss of self-tolerance, which most likely helps to perpetuate GPCR-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Morshed
- Thyroid Research Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Risheng Ma
- Thyroid Research Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rauf Latif
- Thyroid Research Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Terry F Davies
- Thyroid Research Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
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32
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Bi C, Tham DKL, Perronnet C, Joshi B, Nabi IR, Moukhles H. The Oxidative Stress-Induced Increase in the Membrane Expression of the Water-Permeable Channel Aquaporin-4 in Astrocytes Is Regulated by Caveolin-1 Phosphorylation. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:412. [PMID: 29326556 PMCID: PMC5742350 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The reperfusion of ischemic brain tissue following a cerebral stroke causes oxidative stress, and leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apart from inflicting oxidative damage, the latter may also trigger the upregulation of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a water-permeable channel expressed by astroglial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and contribute to edema formation, the severity of which is known to be the primary determinant of mortality and morbidity. The mechanism through which this occurs remains unknown. In the present study, we have attempted to address this question using primary astrocyte cultures treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a model system. First, we showed that H2O2 induces a significant increase in AQP4 protein levels and that this is inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Second, we demonstrated using cell surface biotinylation that H2O2 increases AQP4 cell-surface expression independently of it's increased synthesis. In parallel, we found that caveolin-1 (Cav1) is phosphorylated in response to H2O2 and that this is reversed by the Src kinase inhibitor 4-Amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2). PP2 also abrogated the H2O2-induced increase in AQP4 surface levels, suggesting that the phosphorylation of tyrosine-14 of Cav1 regulates this process. We further showed that dominant-negative Y14F and phosphomimetic Y14D mutants caused a decrease and increase in AQP4 membrane expression respectively, and that the knockdown of Cav1 inhibits the increase in AQP4 cell-surface, expression following H2O2 treatment. Together, these findings suggest that oxidative stress-induced Cav1 phosphorylation modulates AQP4 subcellular distribution and therefore may indirectly regulate AQP4-mediated water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Bi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel K L Tham
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caroline Perronnet
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bharat Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ivan R Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hakima Moukhles
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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33
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Nadanaka S, Kinouchi H, Kitagawa H. Chondroitin sulfate-mediated N-cadherin/β-catenin signaling is associated with basal-like breast cancer cell invasion. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:444-465. [PMID: 29183998 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis involves cancer cell invasion across basement membranes and interstitial tissues. The initial invasion step consists of adherence of the tumor cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and this binding transduces a variety of signals from the ECM to the tumor cell. Accordingly, it is critical to establish the mechanisms by which extracellular cues influence the intracellular activities that regulate tumor cell invasion. Here, we found that invasion of the basal-like breast cancer cell line BT-549 is enhanced by the ECM component chondroitin sulfates (CSs). CSs interacted with and induced proteolytic cleavage of N-cadherin in the BT-549 cells, yielding a C-terminal intracellular N-cadherin fragment that formed a complex with β-catenin. Of note, the cleavage of N-cadherin increased cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin levels; induced the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) gene, a target of β-catenin nuclear signaling; and augmented the invasion potential of the cells. We also found that CS-induced N-cadherin proteolysis requires caveolae-mediated endocytosis. An inhibitor of that process, nystatin, blocked both the endocytosis and proteolytic cleavage of N-cadherin induced by CS and also suppressed BT-549 cell invasion. Knock-out of chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C4ST-1), a key CS biosynthetic enzyme, suppressed activation of the N-cadherin/β-catenin pathway through N-cadherin endocytosis and significantly decreased BT-549 cell invasion. These results suggest that CSs produced by C4ST-1 might be useful therapeutic targets in the management of basal-like breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Nadanaka
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kinouchi
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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34
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Hara H, Kume S, Iizuka T, Fujimoto Y, Kimura A. Enzymatically synthesized megalo-type isomaltosaccharides enhance the barrier function of the tight junction in the intestinal epithelium. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 82:629-635. [PMID: 29173029 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1398065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Megalo-type isomaltosaccharides are an enzymatically synthesized foodstuff produced by transglucosylation from maltodextrin, and they contain a mid-chain length polymer of D-glucose with α-1,6-glycoside linkages. The injection of a solution of megalo-type isomaltosaccharides (1-4%(w/v), average DP = 12.6), but not oligo-type isomaltosaccharides (average DP = 3.3), into the intestinal lumen dose-dependently reduced the transport rates of tight junction permeable markers in a ligated loop of the anesthetized rat jejunum. Application of the megalosaccharide also suppressed the transport of tight junction markers and enhanced transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Cholesterol sequestration by methyl-β-cyclodextrin in the Caco-2 monolayers abolished the effect of megalosaccharide. Treatment with anti-caveolin-1 and a caveolae inhibitor, but not clathrin-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis inhibitors, suppressed the increase in TEER. These results indicate that isomaltosaccharides promote the barrier function of tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium in a chain-length dependent manner and that caveolae play a role in the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hara
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kume
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | | | | | - Atsuo Kimura
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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35
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Marsboom G, Chen Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Tiruppathi C, Loyd JE, Austin ED, Machado RF, Minshall RD, Rehman J, Malik AB. Aberrant caveolin-1-mediated Smad signaling and proliferation identified by analysis of adenine 474 deletion mutation (c.474delA) in patient fibroblasts: a new perspective on the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1177-1185. [PMID: 28468941 PMCID: PMC5415014 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterozygous caveolin-1 c.474delA mutation has been identified in a family with heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This frameshift mutation leads to a caveolin-1 protein that contains all known functional domains but has a change in only the final 20 amino acids of the C-terminus. Here we studied how this mutation alters caveolin-1 function, using patient-derived fibroblasts. Transmission electron microscopy showed that fibroblasts carrying the c.474delA mutation form typical caveolae. Expression of mutated caveolin-1 in caveolin-1-null mouse fibroblasts failed to induce formation of caveolae due to retention of the mutated protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, coexpression of wild-type caveolin-1 with mutated caveolin-1 restored the ability to form caveolae. Importantly, fibroblasts carrying the mutation showed twofold increase in proliferation rate associated with hyperphosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. This mutation impaired the antiproliferative function of caveolin-1. Inhibition of type I TGFβ receptors ALK1/2/3/6 responsible for phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 reduced the hyperproliferation seen in c.474delA fibroblasts. These results demonstrate the critical role of the final 20 amino acids of caveolin-1 in modulating fibroblast proliferation by dampening Smad signaling and suggest that augmented Smad signaling and fibroblast hyperproliferation are contributing factors in the pathogenesis of PAH in patients with caveolin-1 c.474delA mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Marsboom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Zhenlong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Chinnaswamy Tiruppathi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - James E Loyd
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Eric D Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
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36
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NEDD4-family E3 ligase dysfunction due to PKHD1/Pkhd1 defects suggests a mechanistic model for ARPKD pathobiology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7733. [PMID: 28798345 PMCID: PMC5552802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is an important childhood nephropathy, occurring 1 in 20,000 live births. The major clinical phenotypes are expressed in the kidney with dilatation of the collecting ducts, systemic hypertension, and progressive renal insufficiency, and in the liver with biliary dysgenesis, portal tract fibrosis, and portal hypertension. The systemic hypertension has been attributed to enhanced distal sodium reabsorption in the kidney, the structural defects have been ascribed to altered cellular morphology, and fibrosis to increased TGF-β signaling in the kidney and biliary tract, respectively. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying these abnormalities have not been determined. In the current report, we find that disrupting PKHD1 results in altered sub-cellular localization and function of the C2-WWW-HECT domain E3 family of ligases regulating these processes. We also demonstrate altered activity of RhoA and increased TGF-β signaling and ENaC activity. Linking these phenomena, we found that vesicles containing the PKHD1/Pkhd1 gene product, FPC, also contain the NEDD4 ubiquitin ligase interacting protein, NDFIP2, which interacts with multiple members of the C2-WWW-HECT domain E3 family of ligases. Our results provide a mechanistic explanation for both the cellular effects and in vivo phenotypic abnormalities in mice and humans that result from Pkhd1/PKHD1 mutation.
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37
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Intracellular and transdermal protein delivery mediated by non-covalent interactions with a synthetic guanidine-rich molecular carrier. Int J Pharm 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Vacuolation Activity and Intracellular Trafficking of ArtB, the Binding Subunit of an AB5 Toxin Produced by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00214-17. [PMID: 28533468 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00214-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various Salmonella enterica serovars, including S. enterica serovar Typhi, encode an AB5 toxin (ArtAB), the A subunit of which is an ADP-ribosyltransferase related to the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin. However, although the A subunit is able to catalyze ADP-ribosylation of host G proteins, a cytotoxic phenotype has yet to be identified for the holotoxin. Here we show that its B subunit pentamer (ArtB) binds to receptors on the surface of Vero (African green monkey kidney) cell, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell, U937 (human monocyte) cell, and HBMEC (human brain microvascular endothelial cell) lines. Moreover, ArtB induced marked vacuolation in all cell lines after 4 h of incubation. Further studies in Vero cells showed that vacuolation was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and was dependent on the clathrin-mediated uptake of ArtB. Vacuolation was also inhibited by treatment of cells with neuraminidase, indicating that sialylated glycans are functional receptors for ArtB. Confocal colocalization studies indicated that after cell binding and internalization, ArtB undergoes retrograde transport via early endosomes, the trans-Golgi network, and the Golgi apparatus, reaching the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after approximately 2 h. The onset of vacuolation also coincided with gross cytoskeletal reorganization. At later time points, ArtB colocalized with ER-Tracker Red in the vacuolar membrane, implying that vacuolation is a consequence of ER disorganization. Thus, the isolated B subunit of this cryptic AB5 toxin has significant effects on target cells with the potential to contribute directly to pathogenesis independently of the catalytic A subunit.
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Otis JP, Shen MC, Quinlivan V, Anderson JL, Farber SA. Intestinal epithelial cell caveolin 1 regulates fatty acid and lipoprotein cholesterol plasma levels. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:283-295. [PMID: 28130355 PMCID: PMC5374320 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae and their structural protein caveolin 1 (CAV1) have roles in cellular lipid processing and systemic lipid metabolism. Global deletion of CAV1 in mice results in insulin resistance and increases in atherogenic plasma lipids and cholesterol, but protects from diet-induced obesity and atherosclerosis. Despite the fundamental role of the intestinal epithelia in the regulation of dietary lipid processing and metabolism, the contributions of CAV1 to lipid metabolism in this tissue have never been directly investigated. In this study the cellular dynamics of intestinal Cav1 were visualized in zebrafish and the metabolic contributions of CAV1 were determined with mice lacking CAV1 in intestinal epithelial cells (CAV1IEC-KO). Live imaging of Cav1–GFP and fluorescently labeled caveolae cargos shows localization to the basolateral and lateral enterocyte plasma membrane (PM), suggesting Cav1 mediates transport between enterocytes and the submucosa. CAV1IEC-KO mice are protected from the elevation in circulating fasted low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol associated with a high-fat diet (HFD), but have increased postprandial LDL cholesterol, total free fatty acids (FFAs), palmitoleic acid, and palmitic acid. The increase in circulating FAs in HFD CAV1IEC-KO mice is mirrored by decreased hepatic FAs, suggesting a non-cell-autonomous role for intestinal epithelial cell CAV1 in promoting hepatic FA storage. In conclusion, CAV1 regulates circulating LDL cholesterol and several FA species via the basolateral PM of enterocytes. These results point to intestinal epithelial cell CAV1 as a potential therapeutic target to lower circulating FFAs and LDL cholesterol, as high levels are associated with development of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Summary: Caveolin 1, which forms caveolae, localizes to the basolateral membrane of zebrafish intestinal epithelial cells and regulates circulating murine fatty acid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Otis
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Meng-Chieh Shen
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Vanessa Quinlivan
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Steven A Farber
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA .,Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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40
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Busija AR, Patel HH, Insel PA. Caveolins and cavins in the trafficking, maturation, and degradation of caveolae: implications for cell physiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C459-C477. [PMID: 28122734 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00355.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Caveolins (Cavs) are ~20 kDa scaffolding proteins that assemble as oligomeric complexes in lipid raft domains to form caveolae, flask-shaped plasma membrane (PM) invaginations. Caveolae ("little caves") require lipid-lipid, protein-lipid, and protein-protein interactions that can modulate the localization, conformational stability, ligand affinity, effector specificity, and other functions of proteins that are partners of Cavs. Cavs are assembled into small oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), transported to the Golgi for assembly with cholesterol and other oligomers, and then exported to the PM as an intact coat complex. At the PM, cavins, ~50 kDa adapter proteins, oligomerize into an outer coat complex that remodels the membrane into caveolae. The structure of caveolae protects their contents (i.e., lipids and proteins) from degradation. Cellular changes, including signal transduction effects, can destabilize caveolae and produce cavin dissociation, restructuring of Cav oligomers, ubiquitination, internalization, and degradation. In this review, we provide a perspective of the life cycle (biogenesis, degradation), composition, and physiologic roles of Cavs and caveolae and identify unanswered questions regarding the roles of Cavs and cavins in caveolae and in regulating cell physiology.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Busija
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and .,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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41
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Orellana-Tavra C, Mercado SA, Fairen-Jimenez D. Endocytosis Mechanism of Nano Metal-Organic Frameworks for Drug Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2261-70. [PMID: 27385477 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathway of internalization and final fate of a specific metal-organic framework (MOF) in cells has been investigated for the first time. This study is based on two calcein-loaded UiO-66 samples with particle sizes of 150 and 260 nm (i.e., cal@150 UiO-66 and cal@260 UiO-66, respectively), and shows that the active trafficking of cal@150 UiO-66 is done almost exclusively through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas the uptake of cal@260 UiO-66 is a combination of both clathrin and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Colocalization studies with a lysosomal marker showed that cal@150 UiO-66 is located mostly in lysosomes for further degradation, whereas cal@260 UiO-66 seems to avoid the lysosomal degradation and potentially deliver the cargo molecules in the cytosol, allowing their distribution to different cellular organelles. This study reveals the importance of the internalization processes of MOFs, particularly the relevance of their particle size, and also the critical significance of their final fate to become an efficient drug delivery system. Based on these results, it is possible that extremely small particle-sized MOFs are not the most efficient carriers and instead relatively medium-sized particles are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Orellana-Tavra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; CB2 3RA Cambridge UK
| | - Sergio A. Mercado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; CB2 3RA Cambridge UK
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Cambridge; CB2 3RA Cambridge UK
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42
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Zimnicka AM, Husain YS, Shajahan AN, Sverdlov M, Chaga O, Chen Z, Toth PT, Klomp J, Karginov AV, Tiruppathi C, Malik AB, Minshall RD. Src-dependent phosphorylation of caveolin-1 Tyr-14 promotes swelling and release of caveolae. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2090-106. [PMID: 27170175 PMCID: PMC4927282 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-11-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Src-induced phosphorylation of Cav-1 is analyzed using live TIRF and FRET microscopy, as well as by biochemical analysis. Cav1 phosphorylation destabilizes plasma membrane–associated Cav-1 oligomers and thereby is crucial for regulating the fission of caveolae from the plasma membrane in vascular endothelial cells. Caveolin 1 (Cav1) is a required structural component of caveolae, and its phosphorylation by Src is associated with an increase in caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Here we demonstrate, using quantitative live-cell 4D, TIRF, and FRET imaging, that endocytosis and trafficking of caveolae are associated with a Cav1 Tyr-14 phosphorylation-dependent conformational change, which spatially separates, or loosens, Cav1 molecules within the oligomeric caveolar coat. When tracked by TIRF and spinning-disk microscopy, cells expressing phosphomimicking Cav1 (Y14D) mutant formed vesicles that were greater in number and volume than with Y14F-Cav1-GFP. Furthermore, we observed in HEK cells cotransfected with wild-type, Y14D, or Y14F Cav1-CFP and -YFP constructs that FRET efficiency was greater with Y14F pairs than with Y14D, indicating that pY14-Cav1 regulates the spatial organization of Cav1 molecules within the oligomer. In addition, albumin-induced Src activation or direct activation of Src using a rapamycin-inducible Src construct (RapR-Src) led to an increase in monomeric Cav1 in Western blots, as well as a simultaneous increase in vesicle number and decrease in FRET intensity, indicative of a Src-mediated conformational change in CFP/YFP-tagged WT-Cav1 pairs. We conclude that phosphorylation of Cav1 leads to separation or “spreading” of neighboring negatively charged N-terminal phosphotyrosine residues, promoting swelling of caveolae, followed by their release from the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Zimnicka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yawer S Husain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ayesha N Shajahan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Oleg Chaga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Zhenlong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Peter T Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jennifer Klomp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
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43
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Miller H, Castro-Gomes T, Corrotte M, Tam C, Maugel TK, Andrews NW, Song W. Lipid raft-dependent plasma membrane repair interferes with the activation of B lymphocytes. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:1193-205. [PMID: 26694840 PMCID: PMC4687878 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201505030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of plasma membrane wounds in B lymphocytes that lack caveolin requires lysosome exocytosis and lipid raft–mediated endocytosis and inhibits activation of the B cell receptor by sequestering lipid rafts. Cells rapidly repair plasma membrane (PM) damage by a process requiring Ca2+-dependent lysosome exocytosis. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) released from lysosomes induces endocytosis of injured membrane through caveolae, membrane invaginations from lipid rafts. How B lymphocytes, lacking any known form of caveolin, repair membrane injury is unknown. Here we show that B lymphocytes repair PM wounds in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Wounding induces lysosome exocytosis and endocytosis of dextran and the raft-binding cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). Resealing is reduced by ASM inhibitors and ASM deficiency and enhanced or restored by extracellular exposure to sphingomyelinase. B cell activation via B cell receptors (BCRs), a process requiring lipid rafts, interferes with PM repair. Conversely, wounding inhibits BCR signaling and internalization by disrupting BCR–lipid raft coclustering and by inducing the endocytosis of raft-bound CTB separately from BCR into tubular invaginations. Thus, PM repair and B cell activation interfere with one another because of competition for lipid rafts, revealing how frequent membrane injury and repair can impair B lymphocyte–mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Matthias Corrotte
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Christina Tam
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Timothy K Maugel
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Norma W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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44
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Rappaport J, Manthe RL, Solomon M, Garnacho C, Muro S. A Comparative Study on the Alterations of Endocytic Pathways in Multiple Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:357-368. [PMID: 26702793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular activities and pharmaceutical interventions involve endocytosis and delivery to lysosomes for processing. Hence, lysosomal processing defects can cause cell and tissue damage, as in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) characterized by lysosomal accumulation of undegraded materials. This storage causes endocytic and trafficking alterations, which exacerbate disease and hinder treatment. However, there have been no systematic studies comparing different endocytic routes in LSDs. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological models of four LSDs (type A Niemann-Pick, type C Niemann-Pick, Fabry, and Gaucher diseases) and evaluated the pinocytic and receptor-mediated activity of the clathrin-, caveolae-, and macropinocytic routes. Bulk pinocytosis was diminished in all diseases, suggesting a generic endocytic alteration linked to lysosomal storage. Fluid-phase (dextran) and ligand (transferrin) uptake via the clathrin route were lower for all LSDs. Fluid-phase and ligand (cholera toxin B) uptake via the caveolar route were both affected but less acutely in Fabry or Gaucher diseases. Epidermal growth factor-induced macropinocytosis was altered in Niemann-Pick cells but not other LSDs. Intracellular trafficking of ligands was also distorted in LSD versus wild-type cells. The extent of these endocytic alterations paralleled the level of cholesterol storage in disease cell lines. Confirming this, pharmacological induction of cholesterol storage in wild-type cells disrupted endocytosis, and model therapeutics restored uptake in proportion to their efficacy in attenuating storage. This suggests a proportional and reversible relationship between endocytosis and lipid (cholesterol) storage. By analogy, the accumulation of biological material in other diseases, or foreign material from drugs or their carriers, may cause similar deficits, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Rappaport
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Rachel L Manthe
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Carmen Garnacho
- Department of Normal and Pathological Histology and Cytology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
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45
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Design and synthesis of a novel glycosphingolipid derived from polyhydroxy 2-pyrrolidinone and phytoceramide appended by a 1,2,3-triazole linker. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 194:158-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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Mauro N, Campora S, Adamo G, Scialabba C, Ghersi G, Giammona G. Polyaminoacid–doxorubicin prodrug micelles as highly selective therapeutics for targeted cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An amphiphilic copolymer carrying high-dose doxorubicin (21% on a weight basis), PHEA–EDA–P,C–Doxo, was prepared by coupling doxorubicin with a biocompatible polyaminoacid through a pH-sensitive spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Mauro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
- Italy
| | - S. Campora
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 16 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - G. Adamo
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 16 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - C. Scialabba
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
- Italy
| | - G. Ghersi
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 16 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - G. Giammona
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
- Italy
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47
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Cha SH, Choi YR, Heo CH, Kang SJ, Joe EH, Jou I, Kim HM, Park SM. Loss of parkin promotes lipid rafts-dependent endocytosis through accumulating caveolin-1: implications for Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:63. [PMID: 26627850 PMCID: PMC4666086 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, resulting in motor dysfunctions. While most PD is sporadic in nature, a significant subset can be linked to either autosomal dominant or recessive mutations. PARK2, encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase, parkin, is the most frequently mutated gene in autosomal recessive early onset PD. It has recently been reported that PD-associated gene products such as PINK1, α-synuclein, LRRK2, and DJ-1, as well as parkin associate with lipid rafts, suggesting that the dysfunction of these proteins in lipid rafts may be a causal factor of PD. Therefore here, we examined the relationship between lipid rafts-related proteins and parkin. Results We identified caveolin-1 (cav-1), which is one of the major constituents of lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, as a substrate of parkin. Loss of parkin function was found to disrupt the ubiquitination and degradation of cav-1, resulting in elevated cav-1 protein level in cells. Moreover, the total cholesterol level and membrane fluidity was altered by parkin deficiency, causing dysregulation of lipid rafts-dependent endocytosis. Further, cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein was facilitated by parkin deficiency. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that alterations in lipid rafts by the loss of parkin via cav-1 may be a causal factor of PD, and cav-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Ree Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seo-Jun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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48
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A reflection of the lasting contributions from Dr. Robert Bittman to sterol trafficking, sphingolipid and phospholipid research. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 61:19-29. [PMID: 26584871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With the passing of Dr. Robert Bittman from pancreatic cancer on the 1st October 2014, the lipid research field lost one of the most influential and significant personalities. Robert Bittman's genius was in chemical design and his contribution to the lipid research field was truly immense. The reagents and chemicals he designed and synthesised allowed interrogation of the role of lipids in constituting complex biophysical membranes, sterol transfer and in cellular communication networks. Here we provide a review of these works which serve as a lasting memory to his life.
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49
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Moody PR, Sayers EJ, Magnusson JP, Alexander C, Borri P, Watson P, Jones AT. Receptor Crosslinking: A General Method to Trigger Internalization and Lysosomal Targeting of Therapeutic Receptor:Ligand Complexes. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1888-98. [PMID: 26412588 PMCID: PMC4700114 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major unmet clinical need is a universal method for subcellular targeting of bioactive molecules to lysosomes. Delivery to this organelle enables either degradation of oncogenic receptors that are overexpressed in cancers, or release of prodrugs from antibody–drug conjugates. Here, we describe a general method that uses receptor crosslinking to trigger endocytosis and subsequently redirect trafficking of receptor:cargo complexes from their expected route, to lysosomes. By incubation of plasma membrane receptors with biotinylated cargo and subsequent addition of streptavidin to crosslink receptor:cargo–biotin complexes, we achieved rapid and selective lysosomal targeting of transferrin, an anti-MHC class I antibody, and the clinically approved anti-Her2 antibody trastuzumab. These three protein ligands each target a receptor with a distinct cellular function and intracellular trafficking profile. Importantly, we confirmed that crosslinking of trastuzumab increased lysosomal degradation of its cognate oncogenic receptor Her2 in breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 and BT474. These data suggest that crosslinking could be exploited for a wide range of target receptors, for navigating therapeutics through the endolysosomal pathway, for significant therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Moody
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Edward J Sayers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | | | | | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Peter Watson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
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Fluorescently labelled glycans and their applications. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:559-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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