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Cordani M, Strippoli R, Trionfetti F, Barzegar Behrooz A, Rumio C, Velasco G, Ghavami S, Marcucci F. Immune checkpoints between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy: A conflicting triangle. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216661. [PMID: 38309613 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules are pivotal in inhibiting innate and acquired antitumor immune responses, a mechanism frequently exploited by cancer cells to evade host immunity. These evasion strategies contribute to the complexity of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. For this reason, ICP molecules have become targets for antitumor drugs, particularly monoclonal antibodies, collectively referred to as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), that counteract such cancer-associated immune suppression and restore antitumor immune responses. Over the last decade, however, it has become clear that tumor cell-associated ICPs can also induce tumor cell-intrinsic effects, in particular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy). Both of these processes have profound implications for cancer metastasis and drug responsiveness. This article reviews the positive or negative cross-talk that tumor cell-associated ICPs undergo with autophagy and EMT. We discuss that tumor cell-associated ICPs are upregulated in response to the same stimuli that induce EMT. Moreover, ICPs themselves, when overexpressed, become an EMT-inducing stimulus. As regards the cross-talk with autophagy, ICPs have been shown to either stimulate or inhibit autophagy, while autophagy itself can either up- or downregulate the expression of ICPs. This dynamic equilibrium also extends to the autophagy-apoptosis axis, further emphasizing the complexities of cellular responses. Eventually, we delve into the intricate balance between autophagy and apoptosis, elucidating its role in the broader interplay of cellular dynamics influenced by ICPs. In the final part of this article, we speculate about the driving forces underlying the contradictory outcomes of the reciprocal, inhibitory, or stimulatory effects between ICPs, EMT, and autophagy. A conclusive identification of these driving forces may allow to achieve improved antitumor effects when using combinations of ICIs and compounds acting on EMT and/or autophagy. Prospectively, this may translate into increased and/or broadened therapeutic efficacy compared to what is currently achieved with ICI-based clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy.
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2
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Mudumbi KC, Burns EA, Schodt DJ, Petrova ZO, Kiyatkin A, Kim LW, Mangiacapre EM, Ortiz-Caraveo I, Rivera Ortiz H, Hu C, Ashtekar KD, Lidke KA, Lidke DS, Lemmon MA. Distinct interactions stabilize EGFR dimers and higher-order oligomers in cell membranes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113603. [PMID: 38117650 PMCID: PMC10835193 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase with important roles in many cellular processes as well as in cancer and other diseases. EGF binding promotes EGFR dimerization and autophosphorylation through interactions that are well understood structurally. How these dimers relate to higher-order EGFR oligomers seen in cell membranes, however, remains unclear. Here, we used single-particle tracking (SPT) and Förster resonance energy transfer imaging to examine how each domain of EGFR contributes to receptor oligomerization and the rate of receptor diffusion in the cell membrane. Although the extracellular region of EGFR is sufficient to drive receptor dimerization, we find that the EGF-induced EGFR slowdown seen by SPT requires higher-order oligomerization-mediated in part by the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain when it adopts an active conformation. Our data thus provide important insight into the interactions required for higher-order EGFR assemblies involved in EGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C Mudumbi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Eric A Burns
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - David J Schodt
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Zaritza O Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Anatoly Kiyatkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Lucy W Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Emma M Mangiacapre
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Irais Ortiz-Caraveo
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hector Rivera Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Kumar D Ashtekar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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3
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Hollander MJ, Malaker SA, Riley NM, Perez I, Abney NM, Gray MA, Maxson JE, Cochran JR, Bertozzi CR. Mutational screens highlight glycosylation as a modulator of colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104755. [PMID: 37116708 PMCID: PMC10245049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) controls the growth of neutrophils, the most abundant type of white blood cell. In healthy neutrophils, signaling is dependent on CSF3R binding to its ligand, CSF3. A single amino acid mutation in CSF3R, T618I, instead allows for constitutive, ligand-independent cell growth and leads to a rare type of cancer called chronic neutrophilic leukemia. However, the disease mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated why this threonine to isoleucine substitution is the predominant mutation in chronic neutrophilic leukemia and how it leads to uncontrolled neutrophil growth. Using protein domain mapping, we demonstrated that the single CSF3R domain containing residue 618 is sufficient for ligand-independent activity. We then applied an unbiased mutational screening strategy focused on this domain and found that activating mutations are enriched at sites normally occupied by asparagine, threonine, and serine residues-the three amino acids which are commonly glycosylated. We confirmed glycosylation at multiple CSF3R residues by mass spectrometry, including the presence of GalNAc and Gal-GalNAc glycans at WT threonine 618. Using the same approach applied to other cell surface receptors, we identified an activating mutation, S489F, in the interleukin-31 receptor alpha chain. Combined, these results suggest a role for glycosylated hotspot residues in regulating receptor signaling, mutation of which can lead to ligand-independent, uncontrolled activity and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hollander
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Idalia Perez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nayla M Abney
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Melissa A Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julia E Maxson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California, USA.
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4
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Schodt DJ, Cutler PJ, Becerra FE, Lidke KA. Tolerance to aberration and misalignment in a two-point-resolving image inversion interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16393-16405. [PMID: 37157718 PMCID: PMC10316753 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Image inversion interferometry can measure the separation of two incoherent point sources at or near the quantum limit. This technique has the potential to improve upon current state-of-the-art imaging technologies, with applications ranging from microbiology to astronomy. However, unavoidable aberrations and imperfections in real systems may prevent inversion interferometry from providing an advantage for real-world applications. Here, we numerically study the effects of realistic imaging system imperfections on the performance of image inversion interferometry, including common phase aberrations, interferometer misalignment, and imperfect energy splitting within the interferometer. Our results suggest that image inversion interferometry retains its superiority to direct detection imaging for a wide range of aberrations, so long as pixelated detection is used at the interferometer outputs. This study serves as a guide for the system requirements needed to achieve sensitivities beyond the limits of direct imaging, and further elucidates the robustness of image inversion interferometry to imperfections. These results are critical for the design, construction, and use of future imaging technologies performing at or near the quantum limit of source separation measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Schodt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, LLC, USA
| | | | - Francisco E. Becerra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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5
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Mudumbi KC, Burns EA, Schodt DJ, Petrova ZO, Kiyatkin A, Kim LW, Mangiacapre EM, Ortiz-Caraveo I, Ortiz HR, Hu C, Ashtekar KD, Lidke KA, Lidke DS, Lemmon MA. Distinct interactions stabilize EGFR dimers and higher-order oligomers in cell membranes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536273. [PMID: 37090557 PMCID: PMC10120646 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) with important roles in many cellular processes as well as cancer and other diseases. EGF binding promotes EGFR dimerization and autophosphorylation through interactions that are well understood structurally. However, it is not clear how these dimers relate to higher-order EGFR oligomers detected at the cell surface. We used single-particle tracking (SPT) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging to examine how each domain within EGFR contributes to receptor dimerization and the rate of its diffusion in the cell membrane. We show that the EGFR extracellular region is sufficient to drive receptor dimerization, but that the EGF-induced EGFR slow-down seen by SPT requires formation of higher order oligomers, mediated in part by the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain - but only when in its active conformation. Our data thus provide important insight into higher-order EGFR interactions required for EGF signaling.
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6
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Ullo MF, Case LB. How cells sense and integrate information from different sources. WIREs Mech Dis 2023:e1604. [PMID: 36781396 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling is a fundamental cellular process that enables cells to sense and respond to information in their surroundings. At the molecular level, signaling is primarily carried out by transmembrane protein receptors that can initiate complex downstream signal transduction cascades to alter cellular behavior. In the human body, different cells can be exposed to a wide variety of environmental conditions, and cells express diverse classes of receptors capable of sensing and integrating different signals. Furthermore, different receptors and signaling pathways can crosstalk with each other to calibrate the cellular response. Crosstalk occurs through multiple mechanisms at different levels of signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss how cells sense and integrate different chemical, mechanical, and spatial signals as well as the mechanisms of crosstalk between pathways. To illustrate these concepts, we use a few well-studied signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinases and integrin receptors. Finally, we discuss the implications of dysregulated cellular sensing on driving diseases such as cancer. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ullo
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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The clathrin adaptor complex-1 and Rab12 regulate post-golgi trafficking of WT epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102979. [PMID: 36739948 PMCID: PMC10017364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays important roles in cancer progression and is one of the major drug targets for targeted cancer therapy. Although fundamentally important, how newly synthesized EGFR is delivered to the cell surface to perform its cellular functions remains to be further investigated. In this study, we found using the approaches of gene knockout, siRNA knockdown, streptavidin pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays that the clathrin adaptor complex-1 (AP-1) and Rab12 interact with EGFR and regulate the export of EGFR out of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In addition, the tyrosine residue at the 998 position on human EGFR is critical to bind to AP-1, and this residue is important for TGN export of EGFR. We demonstrate that AP-1 and Rab12 are important for epidermal growth factor-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, cell elongation, and proliferation, suggesting that AP-1-mediated and Rab12-mediated post-Golgi trafficking is important for EGFR signaling. Moreover, TGN export of the constitutively activated mutant form of EGFR (EGFRL858R) is independent of AP-1 and Rab12. Our results reveal insights into the molecular mechanisms that mediate the TGN-to-cell surface delivery of EGFR and indicate that TGN export of WT EGFR and EGFRL858R depends on different cellular factors.
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8
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Sánchez MF, Tampé R. Ligand-independent receptor clustering modulates transmembrane signaling: a new paradigm. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:156-171. [PMID: 36115755 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors mediate communication between cells and their environment. Lateral membrane organization and dynamic receptor cluster formation are fundamental in signal transduction and cell signaling. However, it is not yet fully understood how receptor clustering modulates a wide variety of physiologically relevant processes. Recent growing evidence indicates that biological responses triggered by membrane receptors can be modulated even in the absence of the natural receptor ligand. We review the most recent findings on how ligand-independent receptor clustering can regulate transmembrane signaling. We discuss the latest technologies to control receptor assembly, such as DNA nanotechnology, optogenetics, and optochemistry, focusing on the biological relevance and unraveling of ligand-independent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Sánchez
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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9
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Tsutsumi H, Iwama E, Ibusuki R, Shimauchi A, Ota K, Yoneshima Y, Inoue H, Tanaka K, Nakanishi Y, Okamoto I. Mutant forms of EGFR promote HER2 trafficking through efficient formation of HER2-EGFR heterodimers. Lung Cancer 2023; 175:101-111. [PMID: 36495783 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) forms homodimers and is retained at the surface of cancer cells positive for HER2 amplification. The dimerization, internalization, and intracellular trafficking of HER2 in cancer cells without HER2 amplification have remained uncharacterized, however. MATERIALS AND METHODS HER2 homodimers and heterodimers were detected in various cell lines with the use of an in situ proximity ligation assay. The effects of wild-type or mutant forms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on intracellular trafficking of HER2 were examined by live-cell imaging. The sensitivity of cell lines without HER2 amplification to ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an anti-HER2 (trastuzumab)-cytotoxic drug conjugate (ADC) was also investigated. RESULTS HER2 preferentially formed heterodimers with EGFR rather than homodimers and was rapidly internalized together with EGFR in cells without HER2 amplification. HER2-EGFR heterodimers were more abundant and HER2 was more efficiently transferred to lysosomes in such cells with than in those without EGFR activating mutations. T-DM1 showed a high cytotoxic efficacy in the cells with EGFR mutations, suggesting that mutant forms of EGFR promote the transfer of HER2-bound T-DM1 to lysosomes through efficient formation of HER2-EGFR heterodimers. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that HER2 trafficking is affected by EGFR, especially by mutant forms of the receptor, and they provide a rationale for the use of HER2-targeting ADCs in the treatment of EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirono Tsutsumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ritsu Ibusuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuto Yoneshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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10
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Fazel M, Wester MJ, Schodt DJ, Cruz SR, Strauss S, Schueder F, Schlichthaerle T, Gillette JM, Lidke DS, Rieger B, Jungmann R, Lidke KA. High-precision estimation of emitter positions using Bayesian grouping of localizations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7152. [PMID: 36418347 PMCID: PMC9684143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy super-resolution methods rely on stochastic blinking/binding events, which often occur multiple times from each emitter over the course of data acquisition. Typically, the blinking/binding events from each emitter are treated as independent events, without an attempt to assign them to a particular emitter. Here, we describe a Bayesian method of inferring the positions of the tagged molecules by exploring the possible grouping and combination of localizations from multiple blinking/binding events. The results are position estimates of the tagged molecules that have improved localization precision and facilitate nanoscale structural insights. The Bayesian framework uses the localization precisions to learn the statistical distribution of the number of blinking/binding events per emitter and infer the number and position of emitters. We demonstrate the method on a range of synthetic data with various emitter densities, DNA origami constructs and biological structures using DNA-PAINT and dSTORM data. We show that under some experimental conditions it is possible to achieve sub-nanometer precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Fazel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michael J Wester
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - David J Schodt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sebastian Restrepo Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sebastian Strauss
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Schueder
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Schlichthaerle
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jennifer M Gillette
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Bernd Rieger
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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11
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Todsaporn D, Mahalapbutr P, Poo-Arporn RP, Choowongkomon K, Rungrotmongkol T. Structural dynamics and kinase inhibitory activity of three generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors against wild-type, L858R/T790M, and L858R/T790M/C797S forms of EGFR. Comput Biol Med 2022; 147:105787. [PMID: 35803080 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including L858R/T790M double and L858R/T790M/C797S triple mutations, are major causes of acquired resistance towards EGFR targeted drugs. In this work, a combination of comprehensive molecular modeling and in vitro kinase inhibition assay was used to unravel the mutational effects of EGFR on the susceptibility of three generations of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and osimertinib) in comparison with the wild-type EGFR. The binding affinity of all studied inhibitors towards the double and triple EGFR mutations was in good agreement with the experimental data, ranked in the order of osimertinib > afatinib > dacomitinib > erlotinib > gefitinib. Three hot-spot residues at the hinge region (M790, M793, and C797) were involved in the binding of osimertinib and afatinib, enhancing their inhibitory activity towards mutated EGFRs. Both double and triple EGFR mutations causing erlotinib and gefitinib resistance are mainly caused by the low number of H-bond occupations, the low number of surrounding atoms, and the high number of water molecules accessible to the enzyme active site. According to principal component analysis, the molecular complexation of osimertinib against the two mutated EGFRs was in a closed conformation, whereas that against wild-type EGFR was in an open conformation, resulting in drug resistance. This work paves the way for further design of the novel EGFR inhibitors to overcome drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangjai Todsaporn
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Rungtiva P Poo-Arporn
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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12
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Allele-specific activation, enzyme kinetics, and inhibitor sensitivities of EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations in lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206588119. [PMID: 35867821 PMCID: PMC9335329 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206588119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are detected in approximately 30% of all lung adenocarcinomas, and the most common EGFR mutation occurring in ∼50% of patients is termed “exon 19 deletion” (ex19del). Despite the existence of dozens of different genomic variants comprising what is generically referred to clinically as ex19del, clinicians currently do not distinguish between ex19del variants in considering treatment options, and differences between ex19del variants are largely unstudied in the broader scientific community. Herein, we describe functional differences between distinct EGFR ex19del variants attributable to the structural features of each variant. These findings suggest a possible explanation for observed differences in patient outcomes stratified by ex19del subtype and reinforce the need for allele-specific considerations in clinical treatment decision-making. Oncogenic mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are found in 15 to 30% of all non–small-cell lung carcinomas. The term exon 19 deletion (ex19del) is collectively used to refer to more than 20 distinct genomic alterations within exon 19 that comprise the most common EGFR mutation subtype in lung cancer. Despite this heterogeneity, clinical treatment decisions are made irrespective of which EGFR ex19del variant is present within the tumor, and there is a paucity of information regarding how individual ex19del variants influence protein structure and function. Herein, we identified allele-specific functional differences among ex19del variants attributable to recurring sequence and structure motifs. We built all-atom structural models of 60 ex19del variants identified in patients and combined molecular dynamics simulations with biochemical and biophysical experiments to analyze three ex19del mutations (E746_A750, E746_S752 > V, and L747_A750 > P). We demonstrate that sequence variation in ex19del alters oncogenic cell growth, dimerization propensity, enzyme kinetics, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sensitivity. We show that in contrast to E746_A750 and E746_S752 > V, the L747_A750 > P variant forms highly active ligand-independent dimers. Enzyme kinetic analysis and TKI inhibition experiments suggest that E746_S752 > V and L747_A750 > P display reduced TKI sensitivity due to decreased adenosine 5′-triphosphate Km. Through these analyses, we propose an expanded framework for interpreting ex19del variants and considerations for therapeutic intervention.
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13
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Bjorklund DM, Morgan RML, Oberoi J, Day KLIM, Galliou PA, Prodromou C. Recognition of BRAF by CDC37 and Re-Evaluation of the Activation Mechanism for the Class 2 BRAF-L597R Mutant. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070905. [PMID: 35883461 PMCID: PMC9313131 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinome specific co-chaperone, CDC37 (cell division cycle 37), is responsible for delivering BRAF (B-Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma) to the Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) complex, where it is then translocated to the RAS (protooncogene product p21) complex at the plasma membrane for RAS mediated dimerization and subsequent activation. We identify a bipartite interaction between CDC37 and BRAF and delimitate the essential structural elements of CDC37 involved in BRAF recognition. We find an extended and conserved CDC37 motif, 20HPNID---SL--W31, responsible for recognizing the C-lobe of BRAF kinase domain, while the c-terminal domain of CDC37 is responsible for the second of the bipartite interaction with BRAF. We show that dimerization of BRAF, independent of nucleotide binding, can act as a potent signal that prevents CDC37 recognition and discuss the implications of mutations in BRAF and the consequences on signaling in a clinical setting, particularly for class 2 BRAF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M. Bjorklund
- Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK;
| | - R. Marc L. Morgan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Jasmeen Oberoi
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK;
| | | | - Panagiota A. Galliou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Chrisostomos Prodromou
- Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Belyy V, Zuazo-Gaztelu I, Alamban A, Ashkenazi A, Walter P. Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates human IRE1α through reversible assembly of inactive dimers into small oligomers. eLife 2022; 11:e74342. [PMID: 35730415 PMCID: PMC9217129 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein folding homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is regulated by a signaling network, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an ER membrane-resident kinase/RNase that mediates signal transmission in the most evolutionarily conserved branch of the UPR. Dimerization and/or higher-order oligomerization of IRE1 are thought to be important for its activation mechanism, yet the actual oligomeric states of inactive, active, and attenuated mammalian IRE1 complexes remain unknown. We developed an automated two-color single-molecule tracking approach to dissect the oligomerization of tagged endogenous human IRE1 in live cells. In contrast to previous models, our data indicate that IRE1 exists as a constitutive homodimer at baseline and assembles into small oligomers upon ER stress. We demonstrate that the formation of inactive dimers and stress-dependent oligomers is fully governed by IRE1's lumenal domain. Phosphorylation of IRE1's kinase domain occurs more slowly than oligomerization and is retained after oligomers disassemble back into dimers. Our findings suggest that assembly of IRE1 dimers into larger oligomers specifically enables trans-autophosphorylation, which in turn drives IRE1's RNase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Belyy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Andrew Alamban
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Avi Ashkenazi
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech, IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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15
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Deng H, Lei Q, Yang N, Dai S, Peng H, Yang K, Xiao Z, Wang D, Yu Z, Li N, Li W. Expanded Application of a Photoaffinity Probe to Study Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase with Functional Activity. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10118-10126. [PMID: 35729862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is strongly associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. Tools and methods are required to study and visualize EGFR activation under (patho)physiological conditions. Here, we report the development of a two-step photoaffinity probe (HX101) by incorporation of a diazirine as a photoreactive group and an alkyne as a ligation handle to quantitively study EGFR kinase activity in native cellular contexts and human tissue slices. HX101 is a multifunctional probe based on the pharmacophore of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and can covalently target the EGFR upon photoactivation. The incorporated alkyne serves as a versatile ligation handle and enables HX101 to introduce distinct reporter groups (e.g., fluorophore and biotin) via click chemistry. With variable reporter tags, HX101 enables visualization and target engagement studies of the active EGFR in a panel of cancer cells using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, as a proof of concept study, we applied HX101 in stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy super-resolution imaging to study EGFR activation in live cells. Importantly, HX101 was also applied to visualize EGFR mutant activity in tumor tissues from lung cancer patients for prediction of EGFR-TKI sensitivity. Altogether, our results demonstrate the wide application of a selective photoaffinity probe in multi-modal assessment/visualization of EGFR activity in both live cells and tissue slices. We anticipate that these diverse applications can facilitate the translation of a strategically functionalized probe into medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Shengkun Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Huipai Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhaolin Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Dongpeng Wang
- Biological Science Instruments Division, Nikon Instruments (Shanghai), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyi Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Nan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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16
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Wang J, Li D, Zhao B, Kim J, Sui G, Shi J. Small Molecule Compounds of Natural Origin Target Cellular Receptors to Inhibit Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052672. [PMID: 35269825 PMCID: PMC8911024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors are macromolecules that transmit information regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, play key roles in oncogenic processes and correlate with the prognoses of cancer patients. Thus, targeting receptors to constrain cancer development and progression has gained widespread interest. Small molecule compounds of natural origin have been widely used as drugs or adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapies due to their activities of selectively killing cancer cells, alleviating drug resistance and mitigating side effects. Meanwhile, many natural compounds, including those targeting receptors, are still under laboratory investigation for their anti-cancer activities and mechanisms. In this review, we classify the receptors by their structures and functions, illustrate the natural compounds targeting these receptors and discuss the mechanisms of their anti-cancer activities. We aim to provide primary knowledge of mechanistic regulation and clinical applications of cancer therapies through targeting deregulated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guangchao Sui
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-451-82191081 (G.S. & J.S.)
| | - Jinming Shi
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-451-82191081 (G.S. & J.S.)
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17
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Emerging Molecular Dependencies of Mutant EGFR-Driven Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123553. [PMID: 34944063 PMCID: PMC8699920 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are the molecular driver of a subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC); tumors that harbor these mutations are often dependent on sustained oncogene signaling for survival, a concept known as “oncogene addiction”. Inhibiting EGFR with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has improved clinical outcomes for patients; however, successive generations of inhibitors have failed to prevent the eventual emergence of resistance to targeted agents. Although these tumors have a well-established dependency on EGFR signaling, there remain questions about the underlying genetic mechanisms necessary for EGFR-driven oncogenesis and the factors that allow tumor cells to escape EGFR dependence. In this review, we highlight the latest findings on mutant EGFR dependencies, co-operative drivers, and molecular mechanisms that underlie sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors. Additionally, we offer perspective on how these discoveries may inform novel combination therapies tailored to EGFR mutant NSCLC.
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18
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Franco Nitta C, Green EW, Jhamba ED, Keth JM, Ortiz-Caraveo I, Grattan RM, Schodt DJ, Gibson AC, Rajput A, Lidke KA, Wilson BS, Steinkamp MP, Lidke DS. EGFR transactivates RON to drive oncogenic crosstalk. eLife 2021; 10:63678. [PMID: 34821550 PMCID: PMC8654365 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between different receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is thought to drive oncogenic signaling and allow therapeutic escape. EGFR and RON are two such RTKs from different subfamilies, which engage in crosstalk through unknown mechanisms. We combined high-resolution imaging with biochemical and mutational studies to ask how EGFR and RON communicate. EGF stimulation promotes EGFR-dependent phosphorylation of RON, but ligand stimulation of RON does not trigger EGFR phosphorylation – arguing that crosstalk is unidirectional. Nanoscale imaging reveals association of EGFR and RON in common plasma membrane microdomains. Two-color single particle tracking captured formation of complexes between RON and EGF-bound EGFR. Our results further show that RON is a substrate for EGFR kinase, and that transactivation of RON requires formation of a signaling competent EGFR dimer. These results support a role for direct EGFR/RON interactions in propagating crosstalk, such that EGF-stimulated EGFR phosphorylates RON to activate RON-directed signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen W Green
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Elton D Jhamba
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Justine M Keth
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Iraís Ortiz-Caraveo
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Rachel M Grattan
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - David J Schodt
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Aubrey C Gibson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Ashwani Rajput
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Bridget S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Mara P Steinkamp
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
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19
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Bahl S, Ling H, Acharige NPN, Santos-Barriopedro I, Pflum MKH, Seto E. EGFR phosphorylates HDAC1 to regulate its expression and anti-apoptotic function. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:469. [PMID: 33976119 PMCID: PMC8113371 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
HDAC1 is the prototypical human histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme responsible for catalyzing the removal of acetyl group from lysine residues on many substrate proteins. By deacetylating histones and non-histone proteins, HDAC1 has a profound effect on the regulation of gene transcription and many processes related to cell growth and cell death, including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Early studies reveal that, like most eukaryotic proteins, the functions and activities of HDAC1 are regulated by post-translational modifications. For example, serine phosphorylation of HDAC1 by protein kinase CK2 promotes HDAC1 deacetylase enzymatic activity and alters its interactions with proteins in corepressor complexes. Here, we describe an alternative signaling pathway by which HDAC1 activities are regulated. Specifically, we discover that EGFR activity promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of HDAC1, which is necessary for its protein stability. A key EGFR phosphorylation site on HDAC1, Tyr72, mediates HDAC1's anti-apoptotic function. Given that HDAC1 overexpression and EGFR activity are strongly related with tumor progression and cancer cell survival, HDAC1 tyrosine phosphorylation may present a possible target to manipulate HDAC1 protein levels in future potential cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bahl
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hongbo Ling
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Irene Santos-Barriopedro
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary Kay H Pflum
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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20
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Naik H, Sonju JJ, Singh S, Chatzistamou I, Shrestha L, Gauthier T, Jois S. Lipidated Peptidomimetic Ligand-Functionalized HER2 Targeted Liposome as Nano-Carrier Designed for Doxorubicin Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:221. [PMID: 33800723 PMCID: PMC8002094 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic agents can be improved by the use of nano-carrier-mediated chemotherapeutic delivery. Ligand-targeted drug delivery can be used to achieve selective and specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells. In this study, we prepared a peptidomimetic conjugate (SA-5)-tagged doxorubicin (Dox) incorporated liposome (LP) formulation (SA-5-Dox-LP) to evaluate the targeted delivery potential of SA-5 in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpressed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and breast cancer cell lines. The liposome was prepared using thin lipid film hydration and was characterized for particle size, encapsulation efficiency, cell viability, and targeted cellular uptake. In vivo evaluation of the liposomal formulation was performed in a mice model of NSCLC. The cell viability studies revealed that targeted SA-5-Dox-LP showed better antiproliferative activity than non-targeted Dox liposomes (Dox-LP). HER2-targeted liposome delivery showed selective cellular uptake compared to non-targeted liposomes on cancer cells. In vitro drug release studies indicated that Dox was released slowly from the formulations over 24 h, and there was no difference in Dox release between Dox-LP formulation and SA-5-Dox-LP formulation. In vivo studies in an NSCLC model of mice indicated that SA-5-Dox-LP could reduce the lung tumors significantly compared to vehicle control and Dox. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the SA-5-Dox-LP liposome has the potential to increase therapeutic efficiency and targeted delivery of Dox in HER2 overexpressing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himgauri Naik
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (H.N.); (J.J.S.); (S.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Jafrin Jobayer Sonju
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (H.N.); (J.J.S.); (S.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Sitanshu Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (H.N.); (J.J.S.); (S.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology (PMI), School of Medicine, USC, SC 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Leeza Shrestha
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (H.N.); (J.J.S.); (S.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Ted Gauthier
- Biotechnology Laboratory, LSU AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Seetharama Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (H.N.); (J.J.S.); (S.S.); (L.S.)
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21
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Improved resolution in single-molecule localization microscopy using QD-PAINT. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:384-392. [PMID: 33654221 PMCID: PMC8080769 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has allowed the observation of various molecular structures in cells beyond the diffraction limit using organic dyes. In principle, the SMLM resolution depends on the precision of photoswitching fluorophore localization, which is inversely correlated with the square root of the number of photons released from the individual fluorophores. Thus, increasing the photon number by using highly bright fluorophores, such as quantum dots (QDs), can theoretically fundamentally overcome the current resolution limit of SMLM. However, the use of QDs in SMLM has been challenging because QDs have no photoswitching property, which is essential for SMLM, and they exhibit nonspecificity and multivalency, which complicate their use in fluorescence imaging. Here, we present a method to utilize QDs in SMLM to surpass the resolution limit of the current SMLM utilizing organic dyes. We confer monovalency, specificity, and photoswitchability on QDs by steric exclusion via passivation and ligand exchange with ptDNA, PEG, and casein as well as by DNA point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) via automatic thermally driven hybridization between target-bound docking and dye-bound complementary imager strands. QDs are made monovalent and photoswitchable to enable SMLM and show substantially better photophysical properties than Cy3, with higher fluorescence intensity and an improved resolution factor. QD-PAINT displays improved spatial resolution with a narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM) than DNA-PAINT with Cy3. In summary, QD-PAINT shows great promise as a next-generation SMLM method for overcoming the limited resolution of the current SMLM.
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22
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Mohr JD, Wagenknecht-Wiesner A, Holowka DA, Baird BA. Basic Amino Acids Within the Juxtamembrane Domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Regulate Receptor Dimerization and Auto-phosphorylation. Protein J 2020; 39:476-486. [PMID: 33211253 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dysregulation is observed in many human cancers and is both a cause of oncogenesis and a target for chemotherapy. We previously showed that partial charge neutralization of the juxtamembrane (JX) region of EGFR via the EGFR R1-6 mutant construct induces constitutive receptor activation and transformation of NIH 3T3 cells, both from the plasma membrane and from the ER when combined with the ER-retaining L417H mutation (Bryant et al. in J Biol Chem 288:34930-34942, 2013). Here, we use chemical crosslinking and immunoblotting to show that these mutant constructs form constitutive, phosphorylated dimers in both the plasma membrane and the ER. Furthermore, we combine this electrostatic perturbation with conformationally-restricted receptor mutants to provide evidence that activation of EGFR R1-6 dimers requires functional coupling both between the EGFR extracellular dimerization arms and between intracellular tyrosine kinase domains. These findings provide evidence that the electrostatic charge of the JX region normally serves as a negative regulator of functional dimerization of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Mohr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Graduate Field of Pharmacology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - David A Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Barbara A Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Graduate Field of Pharmacology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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23
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Cho J. Mechanistic insights into differential requirement of receptor dimerization for oncogenic activation of mutant EGFR and its clinical perspective. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32172728 PMCID: PMC7118354 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.3.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the ErbB family (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4), plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. As a result, aberrant activation of EGFR, mostly mediated through different classes of genomic alterations occurring within EGFR, is closely associated with the pathogenesis of numerous human cancers including lung adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, and colorectal cancer. Thus, specific suppression of oncogenic activity of mutant EGFR with its targeted drugs has been routinely used in the clinic as a very effective anti-cancer strategy in treating a subset of tumors driven by such oncogenic EGFR mutants. However, the clinical efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapy does not last long due to several resistance mechanisms that emerge in the patients following the drug treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic tactics specifically targeting mutant EGFR with the focus on the unique biological features of various mutant EGFR. Regarding this point, our review specifically emphasizes the recent findings about distinct requirements of receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation, which are critical steps for enzymatic activation of EGFR and signaling cascades, respectively, among wildtype and mutant EGFR and further discuss their clinical significance. In addition, the molecular mechanisms regulating EGFR dimerization and enzymatic activity by a key negative feedback inhibitor Mig6 as well as the clinical use for developing potential novel drugs targeting it are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghee Cho
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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24
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Abdollahzadeh F, Nejatollahi F. Anti-Proliferative Effect of Specific Anti-EGFR Single Chain Antibody on Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:180-187. [PMID: 33178867 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Targeted therapy is an important treatment strategy that is widely used for cancer therapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in a significant percentage of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Although Cetuximab, which targets EGFR, has shown some inhibitory effects on TNBC cells, Cetuximab resistance cases due to ligand-independent activating mutations in the EGFR gene limit its application. Due to various benefits of single chain antibodies (scFvs), the use of these antibodies in cancer targeted therapy is increasing. In this study, a specific anti-EGFR antibody was isolated and evaluated. Methods Panning procedure was used against an immunodominant epitope of EGFR in its dimerization arm using a diverse phage library. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and fingerprinting were applied to identify the specific clones. The MTT tetrazolium assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of selected anti- EGFR scFv phage antibody on MDA-MB-468, a TNBC cell line. Results After four round of panning, one dominant pattern was observed in DNA fingerprinting with frequency of 85%. The growth of MDA-MB-468 cells was decreased dose-dependently after treatment with anti-EGFR scFv phage antibody. No significant inhibitory effect of M13KO7 helper phage as negative control on the cell growth of MDA-MB-468 was observed (p> 0.05). Conclusion The selected anti-EGFR scFv with high anti proliferative effect on TNBC cells offers an effective alternative for TNBC targeted therapy. The antibody, which binds to the dimerization arm of EGFR and inhibits EGFR dimerization, could also overcome TNBC cases with Cetuximab resistance due to ligandindependent activating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Abdollahzadeh
- Recombinant antibody laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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25
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Peckys DB, Quint C, Jonge ND. Determining the Efficiency of Single Molecule Quantum Dot Labeling of HER2 in Breast Cancer Cells. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7948-7955. [PMID: 33034459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots exhibit unique properties compared to other fluorophores, such as bright fluorescence and lack of photobleaching, resulting in their widespread utilization as fluorescent protein labels in the life sciences. However, their application is restricted to relative quantifications due to lacking knowledge about the labeling efficiency. We here present a strategy for determining the labeling efficiency of quantum dot labeling of HER2 in overexpressing breast cancer cells. Correlative light- and liquid-phase electron microscopy of whole cells was used to convert fluorescence intensities into the underlying molecular densities of the quantum dots. The labeling procedure with small affinity proteins was optimized yielding a maximal labeling efficiency of 83%, which was applicable to the high amount of ∼1.5 × 106 HER2 per cell. With the labeling efficiency known, it is now possible to derive the absolute protein expression levels in the plasma membrane and its variation within a cell and between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana B Peckys
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Cedric Quint
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Niels de Jonge
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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26
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Koseska A, Bastiaens PI. Processing Temporal Growth Factor Patterns by an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Network Dynamically Established in Space. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:359-383. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-013020-103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogenic epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase whose sensitivity and response to growth factor signals that vary over time and space determine cellular behavior within a developing tissue. The molecular reorganization of the receptors on the plasma membrane and the enzyme-kinetic mechanisms of phosphorylation are key determinants that couple growth factor binding to EGFR signaling. To enable signal initiation and termination while simultaneously accounting for suppression of aberrant signaling, a coordinated coupling of EGFR kinase and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is established through space by vesicular dynamics. The dynamical operation mode of this network enables not only time-varying growth factor sensing but also adaptation of the response depending on cellular context. By connecting spatially coupled enzymatic kinase/phosphatase processes and the corresponding dynamical systems description of the EGFR network, we elaborate on the general principles necessary for processing complex growth factor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Koseska
- Lise Meitner Group Cellular Computations and Learning, Centre of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe I.H. Bastiaens
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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27
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Vyborova A, Beringer DX, Fasci D, Karaiskaki F, van Diest E, Kramer L, de Haas A, Sanders J, Janssen A, Straetemans T, Olive D, Leusen J, Boutin L, Nedellec S, Schwartz SL, Wester MJ, Lidke KA, Scotet E, Lidke DS, Heck AJ, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J. γ9δ2T cell diversity and the receptor interface with tumor cells. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4637-4651. [PMID: 32484803 PMCID: PMC7456241 DOI: 10.1172/jci132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
γ9δ2T cells play a major role in cancer immune surveillance, yet the clinical translation of their in vitro promise remains challenging. To address limitations of previous clinical attempts using expanded γ9δ2T cells, we explored the clonal diversity of γ9δ2T cell repertoires and characterized their target. We demonstrated that only a fraction of expanded γ9δ2T cells was active against cancer cells and that activity of the parental clone, or functional avidity of selected γ9δ2 T cell receptors (γ9δ2TCRs), was not associated with clonal frequency. Furthermore, we analyzed the target-receptor interface and provided a 2-receptor, 3-ligand model. We found that activation was initiated by binding of the γ9δ2TCR to BTN2A1 through the regions between CDR2 and CDR3 of the TCR γ chain and modulated by the affinity of the CDR3 region of the TCRδ chain, which was phosphoantigen independent (pAg independent) and did not depend on CD277. CD277 was secondary, serving as a mandatory coactivating ligand. We found that binding of CD277 to its putative ligand did not depend on the presence of γ9δ2TCR, did depend on usage of the intracellular CD277, created pAg-dependent proximity to BTN2A1, enhanced cell-cell conjugate formation, and stabilized the immunological synapse (IS). This process critically depended on the affinity of the γ9δ2TCR and required membrane flexibility of the γ9δ2TCR and CD277, facilitating their polarization and high-density recruitment during IS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vyborova
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis X. Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Domenico Fasci
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eline van Diest
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lovro Kramer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aram de Haas
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Sanders
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anke Janssen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Marseille, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lola Boutin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology,” Nantes, France
| | - Steven Nedellec
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Santé François Bonamy (SFR-Santé), INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Michael J. Wester
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico (UNM), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico (UNM), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology,” Nantes, France
| | | | - Albert J.R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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28
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Hajdu T, Váradi T, Rebenku I, Kovács T, Szöllösi J, Nagy P. Comprehensive Model for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligand Binding Involving Conformational States of the Extracellular and the Kinase Domains. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:776. [PMID: 32850868 PMCID: PMC7431817 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) undergoes ligand-dependent dimerization to initiate transmembrane signaling. Although crystallographic structures of the extracellular and kinase domains are available, ligand binding has not been quantitatively analyzed taking the influence of both domains into account. Here, we developed a model explicitly accounting for conformational changes of the kinase and extracellular domains, their dimerizations and ligand binding to monomeric and dimeric receptor species. The model was fitted to ligand binding data of suspended cells expressing receptors with active or inactive kinase conformations. Receptor dimers with inactive, symmetric configuration of the kinase domains exhibit positive cooperativity and very weak binding affinity for the first ligand, whereas dimers with active, asymmetric kinase dimers are characterized by negative cooperativity and subnanomolar binding affinity for the first ligand. The homodimerization propensity of EGFR monomers with active kinase domains is ∼100-times higher than that of dimers with inactive kinase domains. Despite this fact, constitutive, ligand-independent dimers are mainly generated from monomers with inactive kinase domains due to the excess of such monomers in the membrane. The experimental finding of increased positive cooperativity at high expression levels of EGFR was recapitulated by the model. Quantitative prediction of ligand binding to different receptor species revealed that EGF binds to receptor monomers and dimers in an expression-level dependent manner without significant recruitment of monomers to dimers upon EGF stimulation below the phase transition temperature of the membrane. Results of the fitting offer unique insight into the workings of the EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Hajdu
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Váradi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Rebenku
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Szöllösi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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29
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Shrestha L, Singh SS, Parajuli P, Dahal A, Mattheolabakis G, Meyer S, Bhattacharjee J, Jois SD. In vivo studies of a peptidomimetic that targets EGFR dimerization in NSCLC. J Cancer 2020; 11:5982-5999. [PMID: 32922539 PMCID: PMC7477407 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies related to lung cancer have shown a link between human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression and poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HER2 overexpression has been observed in 3-38% of NSCLC, while strong HER2 protein overexpression is found in 2.5% of NSCLC. However, HER2 dimerization is important in lung cancer, including EGFR mutated NSCLC. Since HER2 dimerization leads to cell proliferation, targeting the dimerization of HER2 will have a significant impact on cancer therapies. A peptidomimetic has been designed that can be used as a therapeutic agent for a subset of NSCLC patients overexpressing HER2 or possessing HER2 as well as EGFR mutation. A cyclic peptidomimetic (18) has been designed to inhibit protein-protein interactions of HER2 with its dimerization partners EGFR and HER3. Compound 18 exhibited antiproliferative activity in HER2-positive NSCLC cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. Western blot analysis showed that 18 inhibited phosphorylation of HER2 and Akt in vitro and in vivo. Stability studies of 18 at various temperature and pH (pH 1 and pH 7.6), and in the presence of liver microsomes indicated that 18 was stable against thermal and chemical degradation. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated in nude mice by administrating single doses of 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg of 18 via IV. The anticancer activity of 18 was evaluated using an experimental metastasis lung cancer model in mice. Compound 18 suppressed the tumor growth in mice when compared to control. A proximity ligation assay further proved that 18 inhibits HER2:HER3 and EGFR: HER2 dimerization. Overall, these results suggest that 18 can be a potential treatment for HER2-dimerization related NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeza Shrestha
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Sitanshu S. Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Pravin Parajuli
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Achyut Dahal
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Sharon Meyer
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
| | - Joydeep Bhattacharjee
- Biology Program, School of Sciences, University of Louisiana, Monroe, Monroe, LA 71029
| | - Seetharama D. Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201
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30
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Byrne PO, Hristova K, Leahy DJ. EGFR forms ligand-independent oligomers that are distinct from the active state. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13353-13362. [PMID: 32727847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that forms activated oligomers in response to ligand. Much evidence indicates that EGFR/ERBB1 also forms oligomers in the absence of ligand, but the structure and physiological role of these ligand-independent oligomers remain unclear. To examine these features, we use fluorescence microscopy to measure the oligomer stability and FRET efficiency for homo- and hetero-oligomers of fluorescent protein-labeled forms of EGFR and its paralog, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) in vesicles derived from mammalian cell membranes. We observe that both receptors form ligand-independent oligomers at physiological plasma membrane concentrations. Mutations introduced in the kinase region at the active state asymmetric kinase dimer interface do not affect the stability of ligand-independent EGFR oligomers. These results indicate that ligand-independent EGFR oligomers form using interactions that are distinct from the EGFR active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Byrne
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel J Leahy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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31
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Xiao J, Chen X, Lu X, Xie M, He B, He S, You S, Chen Q. Progesterone/Org inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell growth via membrane progesterone receptor alpha. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2209-2223. [PMID: 32529777 PMCID: PMC7396388 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether progesterone could inhibit the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells via membrane progesterone receptor alpha (mPRα) and elucidate its potential mechanism. The relationship between mPRα expression and the survival prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients was studied. METHODS A mPRα knockdown lung adenocarcinoma cell line was constructed and treated with P4 and Org (a derivative of P4 and specific agonist of mPRα). Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 and plate colony formation assays. Protein expression was detected by western blotting. A nude mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma was established to assess the antitumor effect of P4/Org in vivo. RESULTS We initially determined that mPRα could promote the development of lung adenocarcinoma through the following lines of evidence. High expression of mPRα both at the mRNA and protein level was significantly associated with the poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. The downregulation of mPRα inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. We further showed that mPRα mediates the ability of P4 to inhibit the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells through the following lines of evidence: P4/Org inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells; mPRα mediated the ability of P4/Org to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation; mPRα mediated the ability of P4/Org to inhibit the PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase)/CREB (cAMP responsive element binding protein) and PKA/β-catenin signaling pathways; and P4/Org inhibited the growth of a lung adenocarcinoma tumor model in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the results of our study show that progesterone can inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell growth via mPRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingxuan Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bixiu He
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuya He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shaojin You
- Laboratory of Cancer Experimental Therapy, Histopathology Core, Atlanta Research & Educational Foundation (151F), Atlanta VA Medical Center , Emory University, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Qiong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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32
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Wang Y, He R, Ma L. Characterization of lncRNA-Associated ceRNA Network to Reveal Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:266. [PMID: 32426332 PMCID: PMC7212445 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most fatal malignant tumors harmful to human health. The complexity and behavior characteristics of long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in LUAD patients are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the regulatory networks of dysregulated RNAs, view, and identify potential prognosis signatures involved in LUAD. The expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs were obtained from the TCGA database. In total, 2078 DEmRNAs, 257 DElncRNAs, and 101 DEmiRNAs were sorted out. A PPI network including 45 DEmRNAs was constructed. Ten hub genes in the PPI network associated with cell cycle-related pathways were identified and they played key roles in regulating cell proliferation. A total of three DEmiRNAs, seven DElncRNAs, and six DEmRNAs were enrolled in the ceRNA network. Except for certain genes without any published study reports, all the genes in the ceRNA network played an essential role in controlling tumor cell proliferation and were associated with prognosis in LUAD. Finally, based on step regression and Cox regression survival analysis, we identified four candidate biomarkers, including miR490, miR1293, LINC01740, and IGF2BP1, and established a risk model based on the four genes. Our study provided a global view and systematic dissection of the lncRNA-associated ceRNA network, and the identified four genes might be novel important prognostic factors involved in LUAD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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33
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Yazhini A, Srinivasan N. How good are comparative models in the understanding of protein dynamics? Proteins 2020; 88:874-888. [PMID: 31999374 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The 3D structure of a protein is essential to understand protein dynamics. If experimentally determined structure is unavailable, comparative models could be used to infer dynamics. However, the effectiveness of comparative models, compared to experimental structures, in inferring dynamics is not clear. To address this, we compared dynamics features of ~800 comparative models with their crystal structures using normal mode analysis. Average similarity in magnitude, direction, and correlation of residue motions is >0.8 (where value 1 is identical) indicating that the dynamics of models and crystal structures are highly similar. Accuracy of 3D structure and dynamics is significantly higher for models built on multiple and/or high sequence identity templates (>40%). Three-dimensional (3D) structure and residue fluctuations of models are closer to that of crystal structures than to templates (TM score 0.9 vs 0.7 and square inner product 0.92 vs 0.88). Furthermore, long-range molecular dynamics simulations on comparative models of RNase 1 and Angiogenin showed significant differences in the conformational sampling of conserved active-site residues that characterize differences in their activity levels. Similar analyses on two EGFR kinase variant models highlight the effect of mutations on the functional state-specific αC helix motions and these results corroborate with the previous experimental observations. Thus, our study adds confidence to the use of comparative models in understanding protein dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arangasamy Yazhini
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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34
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Yu JJ, Zhou DD, Cui B, Zhang C, Tan FW, Chang S, Li K, Lv XX, Zhang XW, Shang S, Xiang YJ, Chen F, Yu JM, Liu SS, Wang F, Hu ZW, Hua F. Disruption of the EGFR-SQSTM1 interaction by a stapled peptide suppresses lung cancer via activating autophagy and inhibiting EGFR signaling. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:23-35. [PMID: 31931029 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR-activating mutations, intrinsic or acquired resistance remains the major obstacle to long-term disease remission. Defective autophagy has been reported as an EGFR-TKI resistance mechanism. However, how EGFR regulate autophagic flux are still not fully understood. Here we found that EGFR-stimulated phosphorylation of SQSTM1 at tyrosine 433 induces dimerization of its UBA domain, which disturbs the sequestration function of SQSTM1 and causes autophagic flux blocking. SAH-EJ2, a staple optimized EGFR-derived peptide, showed enhanced in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity against NSCLC than the prototype regardless of EGFR mutation status. Mechanistically, SAH-EJ2 disrupts the EGFR-SQSTM1 interaction and protects against EGFR-induced SQSTM1 phosphorylation, which hinders the dimerization of the SQSTM1 UBA domains and restores SQSTM1 cargo function. Moreover, SAH-EJ2 suppresses EGFR activity by blocking its dimerization and reducing its protein stability, which reciprocally activates the core autophagy machinery. Our observations reveal that disturbing the EGFR-SQSTM1 interaction by SAH-EJ2 confers a potential strategy in the treatment of NSCLC through suppressing EGFR signalling and activating autophagy simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Yu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Bing Cui
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Feng-Wei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Shan Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213000, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xi Lv
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Shuang Shang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yu-Jin Xiang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Fei Chen
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jin-Mei Yu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Hu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Fang Hua
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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Salazar-Cavazos E, Nitta CF, Mitra ED, Wilson BS, Lidke KA, Hlavacek WS, Lidke DS. Multisite EGFR phosphorylation is regulated by adaptor protein abundances and dimer lifetimes. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:695-708. [PMID: 31913761 PMCID: PMC7202077 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation is thought to couple receptor activation to distinct signaling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for biased signaling are unresolved due to a lack of insight into the phosphorylation patterns of full-length EGFR. We extended a single-molecule pull-down technique previously used to study protein-protein interactions to allow for robust measurement of receptor phosphorylation. We found that EGFR is predominantly phosphorylated at multiple sites, yet phosphorylation at specific tyrosines is variable and only a subset of receptors share phosphorylation at the same site, even with saturating ligand concentrations. We found distinct populations of receptors as soon as 1 min after ligand stimulation, indicating early diversification of function. To understand this heterogeneity, we developed a mathematical model. The model predicted that variations in phosphorylation are dependent on the abundances of signaling partners, while phosphorylation levels are dependent on dimer lifetimes. The predictions were confirmed in studies of cell lines with different expression levels of signaling partners, and in experiments comparing low- and high-affinity ligands and oncogenic EGFR mutants. These results reveal how ligand-regulated receptor dimerization dynamics and adaptor protein concentrations play critical roles in EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eshan D Mitra
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | | | - Keith A Lidke
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, and.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - William S Hlavacek
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, and.,Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
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EGF Receptor Stalls upon Activation as Evidenced by Complementary Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching Measurements. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133370. [PMID: 31323980 PMCID: PMC6650801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular details of the activation-associated clustering of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), the time course of the mobility and aggregation states of eGFP tagged EGFR in the membranes of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was assessed by in situ mobility assays. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to probe molecular movements of small ensembles of molecules over short distances and time scales, and to report on the state of aggregation. The diffusion of larger ensembles of molecules over longer distances (and time scales) was investigated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Autocorrelation functions could be best fitted by a two-component diffusion model corrected for triplet formation and blinking. The slow, 100–1000 ms component was attributed to membrane localized receptors moving with free Brownian diffusion, whereas the fast, ms component was assigned to cytosolic receptors or their fragments. Upon stimulation with 50 nM EGF, a significant decrease from 0.11 to 0.07 μm2/s in the diffusion coefficient of membrane-localized receptors was observed, followed by recovery to the original value in ~20 min. In contrast, the apparent brightness of diffusing species remained the same. Stripe FRAP experiments yielded a decrease in long-range molecular mobility directly after stimulation, evidenced by an increase in the recovery time of the slow component from 13 to 21.9 s. Our observations are best explained by the transient attachment of ligand-bound EGFRs to immobile or slowly moving structures such as the cytoskeleton or large, previously photobleached receptor aggregates.
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Lypova N, Telang S, Chesney J, Imbert-Fernandez Y. Increased 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 activity in response to EGFR signaling contributes to non-small cell lung cancer cell survival. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10530-10543. [PMID: 31126985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) because of somatic mutations of the EGFR gene is commonly observed in tumors of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Consequently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting the EGFR are among the most effective therapies for patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations. Clinical responses to the EGFR-targeting TKIs are evaluated through 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (18FDG)-PET uptake, which is decreased in patients responding favorably to therapy and is positively correlated with survival. Recent studies have reported that EGFR signaling drives glucose metabolism in NSCLC cells; however, the precise downstream effectors required for this EGFR-driven metabolic effect are largely unknown. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3) is an essential glycolytic regulator that is consistently overexpressed in lung cancer. Here, we found that PFKFB3 is an essential target of EGFR signaling and that PFKFB3 activation is required for glycolysis stimulation upon EGFR activation. We demonstrate that exposing NSCLC cells harboring either WT or mutated EGFR to EGF rapidly increases PFKFB3 phosphorylation, expression, and activity and that PFKFB3 inhibition markedly reduces the EGF-mediated increase in glycolysis. Furthermore, we found that prolonged NSCLC cell exposure to the TKI erlotinib drives PFKFB3 expression and that chemical PFKFB3 inhibition synergizes with erlotinib in increasing erlotinib's anti-proliferative activity in NSCLC cells. We conclude that PFKFB3 has a key role in mediating glucose metabolism and survival of NSCLC cells in response to EGFR signaling. These results support the potential clinical utility of using PFKFB3 inhibitors in combination with EGFR-TKIs to manage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiia Lypova
- From the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Sucheta Telang
- From the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Jason Chesney
- From the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Yoannis Imbert-Fernandez
- From the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
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Martin-Fernandez ML, Clarke DT, Roberts SK, Zanetti-Domingues LC, Gervasio FL. Structure and Dynamics of the EGF Receptor as Revealed by Experiments and Simulations and Its Relevance to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E316. [PMID: 30959819 PMCID: PMC6523254 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is historically the prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase, being the first cloned and the first where the importance of ligand-induced dimer activation was ascertained. However, many years of structure determination has shown that EGFR is not completely understood. One challenge is that the many structure fragments stored at the PDB only provide a partial view because full-length proteins are flexible entities and dynamics play a key role in their functionality. Another challenge is the shortage of high-resolution data on functionally important higher-order complexes. Still, the interest in the structure/function relationships of EGFR remains unabated because of the crucial role played by oncogenic EGFR mutants in driving non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite targeted therapies against EGFR setting a milestone in the treatment of this disease, ubiquitous drug resistance inevitably emerges after one year or so of treatment. The magnitude of the challenge has inspired novel strategies. Among these, the combination of multi-disciplinary experiments and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations have been pivotal in revealing the basic nature of EGFR monomers, dimers and multimers, and the structure-function relationships that underpin the mechanisms by which EGFR dysregulation contributes to the onset of NSCLC and resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - David T Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Selene K Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
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Constitutive signaling activity of a receptor-associated protein links fertilization with embryonic patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5795-5804. [PMID: 30833400 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815866116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, the asymmetrical division of the zygote is the first hallmark of apical-basal polarity of the embryo and is controlled by a MAP kinase pathway that includes the MAPKKK YODA (YDA). In Arabidopsis, YDA is activated by the membrane-associated pseudokinase SHORT SUSPENSOR (SSP) through an unusual parent-of-origin effect: SSP transcripts accumulate specifically in sperm cells but are translationally silent. Only after fertilization is SSP protein transiently produced in the zygote, presumably from paternally inherited transcripts. SSP is a recently diverged, Brassicaceae-specific member of the BRASSINOSTEROID SIGNALING KINASE (BSK) family. BSK proteins typically play broadly overlapping roles as receptor-associated signaling partners in various receptor kinase pathways involved in growth and innate immunity. This raises two questions: How did a protein with generic function involved in signal relay acquire the property of a signal-like patterning cue, and how is the early patterning process activated in plants outside the Brassicaceae family, where SSP orthologs are absent? Here, we show that Arabidopsis BSK1 and BSK2, two close paralogs of SSP that are conserved in flowering plants, are involved in several YDA-dependent signaling events, including embryogenesis. However, the contribution of SSP to YDA activation in the early embryo does not overlap with the contributions of BSK1 and BSK2. The loss of an intramolecular regulatory interaction enables SSP to constitutively activate the YDA signaling pathway, and thus initiates apical-basal patterning as soon as SSP protein is translated after fertilization and without the necessity of invoking canonical receptor activation.
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Clarke DT, Martin-Fernandez ML. A Brief History of Single-Particle Tracking of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2010012. [PMID: 31164594 PMCID: PMC6481046 DOI: 10.3390/mps2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-particle tracking (SPT) has been used and developed over the last 25 years as a method to investigate molecular dynamics, structure, interactions, and function in the cellular context. SPT is able to show how fast and how far individual molecules move, identify different dynamic populations, measure the duration and strength of intermolecular interactions, and map out structures on the nanoscale in cells. In combination with other techniques such as macromolecular crystallography and molecular dynamics simulation, it allows us to build models of complex structures, and develop and test hypotheses of how these complexes perform their biological roles in health as well as in disease states. Here, we use the example of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which has been studied extensively by SPT, demonstrating how the method has been used to increase our understanding of the receptor’s organization and function, including its interaction with the plasma membrane, its activation, clustering, and oligomerization, and the role of other receptors and endocytosis. The examples shown demonstrate how SPT might be employed in the investigation of other biomolecules and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Clarke
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
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Yan Q, Cai M, Zhou L, Xu H, Shi Y, Sun J, Jiang J, Gao J, Wang H. Using an RNA aptamer probe for super-resolution imaging of native EGFR. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:291-298. [PMID: 36132464 PMCID: PMC9473275 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers, referred to as "chemical antibodies", are short single-stranded oligonucleotides that bind to targets with high affinity and specificity. Compared with antibodies, aptamers can be designed, developed and modified easily. Since their discovery, aptamers have been widely used in in vitro diagnostics and molecular imaging. However, they are relatively less studied and applied in advanced microscopy. Here we used an RNA aptamer in dSTORM imaging and obtained a high-quality image of EGFR nanoscale clusters on live cell membranes. The results showed that the cluster number and size with aptamer labeling were almost the same as those with labeling with the natural ligand EGF, but the morphology of the clusters was smaller and more regular than that with cetuximab labeling. Meanwhile, dual-color imaging demonstrated sufficient fluorophore labeling, highly specific recognition and greatly accurate clustering information provided by aptamers. Furthermore, the aptamer labeling method indicated that active EGFR formed larger clusters containing more molecules than resting EGFR, which was hidden under the antibody labeling. Our work suggested that aptamers can be used as versatile probes in super-resolution imaging with small steric hindrance, opening a new avenue for detailed and precise morphological analysis of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Junguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao Shandong 266237 P. R. China
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42
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Kim DH, Park S, Kim DK, Jeong MG, Noh J, Kwon Y, Zhou K, Lee NK, Ryu SH. Direct visualization of single-molecule membrane protein interactions in living cells. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006660. [PMID: 30543635 PMCID: PMC6307816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between membrane proteins are poorly understood despite their importance in cell signaling and drug development. Here, we present a co-immunoimmobilization assay (Co-II) enabling the direct observation of membrane protein interactions in single living cells that overcomes the limitations of currently prevalent proximity-based indirect methods. Using Co-II, we investigated the transient homodimerizations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) in living cells, revealing the differential regulation of these receptors’ dimerizations by molecular conformations and microenvironment in a plasma membrane. Co-II should provide a simple, rapid, and robust platform for visualizing both weak and strong protein interactions in the plasma membrane of living cells. Protein–protein interactions govern cellular processes. The majority of these physical interactions previously identified are strong/permanent interactions, which typically remain unbroken even after purification. The weak/transient interactions between proteins have been implicated in the control of dynamic cellular process that maintain cellular homeostasis and trigger signaling cascades upon environmental changes. However, these interactions are poorly investigated, mainly due to the methodological limitations. Here, we have developed a co-immunoimmobilization assay called Co-II that enables the direct visualization of protein–protein interactions in the membrane of living cells at the single-molecule level. Co-II is based on the intuitive concept that if the protein of interest is immobilized, the interacting protein must be co-immobilized. The use of intrinsic protein diffusivity fundamentally overcomes the limitations of proximity-based methods. Using Co-II, we study the transient homodimerizations of EGFR and β2-AR in living cells, which have been implicated in several types of cancers and heart diseases. We show that the dimerization of these receptors is differently regulated by molecular conformations and the microenvironment in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyun Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Jeong
- Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Noh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ki Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHR); (NKL)
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SHR); (NKL)
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43
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Zanetti-Domingues LC, Korovesis D, Needham SR, Tynan CJ, Sagawa S, Roberts SK, Kuzmanic A, Ortiz-Zapater E, Jain P, Roovers RC, Lajevardipour A, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Santis G, Clayton AHA, Clarke DT, Gervasio FL, Shan Y, Shaw DE, Rolfe DJ, Parker PJ, Martin-Fernandez ML. The architecture of EGFR's basal complexes reveals autoinhibition mechanisms in dimers and oligomers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4325. [PMID: 30337523 PMCID: PMC6193980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) autoinhibition is based on X-ray structural data of monomer and dimer receptor fragments and does not explain how mutations achieve ligand-independent phosphorylation. Using a repertoire of imaging technologies and simulations we reveal an extracellular head-to-head interaction through which ligand-free receptor polymer chains of various lengths assemble. The architecture of the head-to-head interaction prevents kinase-mediated dimerisation. The latter, afforded by mutation or intracellular treatments, splits the autoinhibited head-to-head polymers to form stalk-to-stalk flexible non-extended dimers structurally coupled across the plasma membrane to active asymmetric tyrosine kinase dimers, and extended dimers coupled to inactive symmetric kinase dimers. Contrary to the previously proposed main autoinhibitory function of the inactive symmetric kinase dimer, our data suggest that only dysregulated species bear populations of symmetric and asymmetric kinase dimers that coexist in equilibrium at the plasma membrane under the modulation of the C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Dimitrios Korovesis
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sarah R Needham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Christopher J Tynan
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | - Selene K Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Antonija Kuzmanic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Maths & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Peter Gore Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Purvi Jain
- Division of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Merus, LSI, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alireza Lajevardipour
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | | | - George Santis
- Peter Gore Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew H A Clayton
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - David T Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Francesco L Gervasio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Maths & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yibing Shan
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - David E Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, 10036, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniel J Rolfe
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW 1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK.
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44
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Yuan J, Ng WH, Lam PYP, Wang Y, Xia H, Yap J, Guan SP, Lee ASG, Wang M, Baccarini M, Hu J. The dimer-dependent catalytic activity of RAF family kinases is revealed through characterizing their oncogenic mutants. Oncogene 2018; 37:5719-5734. [PMID: 29930381 PMCID: PMC6202329 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although extensively studied for three decades, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the RAF/MEK/ERK kinase cascade remain ambiguous. Recent studies identified the dimerization of RAF as a key event in the activation of this cascade. Here, we show that in-frame deletions in the β3-αC loop activate ARAF as well as BRAF and other oncogenic kinases by enforcing homodimerization. By characterizing these RAF mutants, we find that ARAF has less allosteric and catalytic activity than the other two RAF isoforms, which arises from its non-canonical APE motif. Further, these RAF mutants exhibit a strong oncogenic potential, and a differential inhibitor resistance that correlates with their dimer affinity. Using these unique mutants, we demonstrate that active RAFs, including the BRAF(V600E) mutant, phosphorylate MEK in a dimer-dependent manner. This study characterizes a special category of oncogenic kinase mutations, and elucidates the molecular basis that underlies the differential ability of RAF isoforms to stimulate MEK-ERK pathway. Further, this study reveals a unique catalytic feature of RAF family kinases that can be exploited to control their activities for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Yuan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Hwa Ng
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paula Y P Lam
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongping Xia
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiajun Yap
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shou Ping Guan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ann S G Lee
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Office of Clinical & Academic Faculty Affairs, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Wang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manuela Baccarini
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
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45
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Brandsma AM, Schwartz SL, Wester MJ, Valley CC, Blezer GLA, Vidarsson G, Lidke KA, Ten Broeke T, Lidke DS, Leusen JHW. Mechanisms of inside-out signaling of the high-affinity IgG receptor FcγRI. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/540/eaaq0891. [PMID: 30042128 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaq0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fc receptors (FcRs) are an important bridge between the innate and adaptive immune system. Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI; CD64), the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin G (IgG), plays roles in inflammation, autoimmune responses, and immunotherapy. Stimulation of myeloid cells with cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNFα) and interferon-γ ( IFNγ), increases the binding of FcγRI to immune complexes (ICs), such as antibody-opsonized pathogens or tumor cells, through a process known as "inside-out" signaling. Using super-resolution imaging, we found that stimulation of cells with IL-3 also enhanced the clustering of FcγRI both before and after exposure to ICs. This increased clustering was dependent on an intact actin cytoskeleton. We found that chemical inhibition of the activity of the phosphatase PP1 reduced FcγRI inside-out signaling, although the phosphorylation of FcγRI itself was unaffected. Furthermore, the antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity of human neutrophils toward CD20-expressing tumor cells was increased after stimulation with TNFα and IFNγ. These results suggest that nanoscale reorganization of FcγRI, stimulated by cytokine-induced, inside-out signaling, enhances FcγRI cellular effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne M Brandsma
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Samantha L Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
| | - Michael J Wester
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
| | - Christopher C Valley
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
| | - Gittan L A Blezer
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Toine Ten Broeke
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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46
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Macdonald-Obermann JL, Pike LJ. Allosteric regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligand binding by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13401-13414. [PMID: 29997256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a classical receptor tyrosine kinase with an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain. Mutations in the EGF receptor have been shown to drive uncontrolled cell growth and are associated with a number of different tumors. Two different types of ATP-competitive EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been identified that bind to either the active (type I) or inactive (type II) conformation of the kinase domain. Despite the fact that both types of inhibitors block tyrosine kinase activity, they exhibit differential efficacies in different tumor types. Here, we show that in addition to inhibiting kinase activity, these inhibitors allosterically modulate ligand binding. Our data suggest that the conformations of the EGF receptor extracellular domain and intracellular kinase domain are coupled and that these conformations exist in equilibrium. Allosteric regulators, such as the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as mutations in the EGF receptor itself, shift the conformational equilibrium among the active and inactive species, leading to changes in EGF receptor-binding affinity. Our studies also reveal unexpected positive cooperativity between EGF receptor subunits in dimers formed in the presence of type II inhibitors. These findings indicate that there is strong functional coupling between the intracellular and extracellular domains of this receptor. Such coupling may impact the therapeutic synergy between small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Macdonald-Obermann
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Linda J Pike
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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47
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Hasenahuer MA, Barletta GP, Fernandez-Alberti S, Parisi G, Fornasari MS. Pockets as structural descriptors of EGFR kinase conformations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189147. [PMID: 29228029 PMCID: PMC5724837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), a tyrosine kinase receptor, is one of the main tumor markers in different types of cancers. The kinase native state is mainly composed of two populations of conformers: active and inactive. Several sequence variations in EGFR kinase region promote the differential enrichment of conformers with higher activity. Some structural characteristics have been proposed to differentiate kinase conformations, but these considerations could lead to ambiguous classifications. We present a structural characterisation of EGFR kinase conformers, focused on active site pocket comparisons, and the mapping of known pathological sequence variations. A structural based clustering of this pocket accurately discriminates active from inactive, well-characterised conformations. Furthermore, this main pocket contains, or is in close contact with, ≈65% of cancer-related variation positions. Although the relevance of protein dynamics to explain biological function has been extensively recognised, the usage of the ensemble of conformations in dynamic equilibrium to represent the functional state of proteins and the importance of pockets, cavities and/or tunnels was often neglected in previous studies. These functional structures and the equilibrium between them could be structurally analysed in wild type as well as in sequence variants. Our results indicate that biologically important pockets, as well as their shape and dynamics, are central to understanding protein function in wild-type, polymorphic or disease-related variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Anahi Hasenahuer
- Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - German Patricio Barletta
- Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Gustavo Parisi
- Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Silvina Fornasari
- Departamento de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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48
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Jha S, Mathur P, Ramteke S, Jain NK. Pharmaceutical potential of quantum dots. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:57-65. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1411932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
| | - Prateek Mathur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
| | - Suman Ramteke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India
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49
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Fukuda T, Umeki T, Tokushima K, Xiang G, Yoshida Y, Ishibashi F, Oku Y, Nishiya N, Uehara Y, Iwao M. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of A-ring-modified lamellarin N analogues as noncovalent inhibitors of the EGFR T790M/L858R mutant. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6563-6580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Marcucci F, Rumio C, Corti A. Tumor cell-associated immune checkpoint molecules - Drivers of malignancy and stemness. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:571-583. [PMID: 29056539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory or stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules are expressed on a sizeable fraction of tumor cells in different tumor types. It was thought that the main function of tumor cell-associated immune checkpoint molecules would be the modulation (down- or upregulation) of antitumor immune responses. In recent years, however, it has become clear that the expression of immune checkpoint molecules on tumor cells has important consequences on the biology of the tumor cells themselves. In particular, a causal relationship between the expression of these molecules and the acquisition of malignant traits has been demonstrated. Thus, immune checkpoint molecules have been shown to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells, the acquisition of tumor-initiating potential and resistance to apoptosis and antitumor drugs, as well as the propensity to disseminate and metastasize. Herein, we review this evidence, with a main focus on PD-L1, the most intensively investigated tumor cell-associated immune checkpoint molecule and for which most information is available. Then, we discuss more concisely other tumor cell-associated immune checkpoint molecules that have also been shown to induce the acquisition of malignant traits, such as PD-1, B7-H3, B7-H4, Tim-3, CD70, CD28, CD137, CD40 and CD47. Open questions in this field as well as some therapeutic approaches that can be derived from this knowledge, are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Corti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, DIBIT-Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy.
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