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Dehghanian F, Ghahnavieh LE, Nilchi AN, Khalilian S, Joonbakhsh R. Breast cancer drug resistance: Decoding the roles of Hippo pathway crosstalk. Gene 2024; 916:148424. [PMID: 38588933 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The most significant factors that lead to cancer-related death in breast cancer (BC) patients include drug resistance, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Several signaling pathways are involved in the development of BC. The different types of BC are initially sensitive to chemotherapy, and drug resistance can occur through multiple molecular mechanisms. Regardless of developing targeted Therapy, due to the heterogenic nature and complexity of drug resistance, it is a major clinical challenge with the low survival rate in BC patients. The deregulation of several signaling pathways, particularly the Hippo pathway (HP), is one of the most recent findings about the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in BC, which are summarized in this review. Given that HP is one of the recent cancer research hotspots, this review focuses on its implication in BC drug resistance. Unraveling the different molecular basis of HP through its crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and determining the effectiveness of HP inhibitors can provide new insights into possible therapeutic strategies for overcoming chemoresistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Dehghanian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Laleh Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Naghsh Nilchi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Sheyda Khalilian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Rezvan Joonbakhsh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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2
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Yakati V, Shevde LA, Rao SS. Matrix stiffness influences response to chemo and targeted therapy in brain metastatic breast cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 38912649 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy accounting for 12.5% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases across the globe. Breast cancer cells are known to metastasize to distant organs (i.e., brain), wherein they can exhibit a dormant phenotype for extended time periods. These dormant cancer cells exhibit reduced proliferation and therapeutic resistance. However, the mechanisms by which dormant cancer cells exhibit resistance to therapy, in the context of brain metastatic breast cancer (BMBC), is not well understood. Herein, we utilized hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels with varying stiffnesses to study drug responsiveness in dormant vs. proliferative BMBC cells. It was found that cells cultured on soft HA hydrogels (∼0.4 kPa) that showed a non-proliferative (dormant) phenotype exhibited resistance to Paclitaxel or Lapatinib. In contrast, cells cultured on stiff HA hydrogels (∼4.5 kPa) that showed a proliferative phenotype exhibited responsiveness to Paclitaxel or Lapatinib. Moreover, dormancy-associated resistance was found to be due to upregulation of the serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) gene which was mediated, in part, by the p38 signaling pathway. Accordingly, SGK1 inhibition resulted in a dormant-to-proliferative switch and response to therapy. Overall, our study demonstrates that matrix stiffness influences dormancy-associated therapy response mediated, in part, via the p38/SGK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Yakati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Shreyas S Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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3
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Zeng T, Chen H, Yoshitomi T, Kawazoe N, Yang Y, Chen G. Effect of Hydrogel Stiffness on Chemoresistance of Breast Cancer Cells in 3D Culture. Gels 2024; 10:202. [PMID: 38534620 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most common strategies for cancer treatment, whereas drug resistance reduces the efficiency of chemotherapy and leads to treatment failure. The mechanism of emerging chemoresistance is complex and the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells may contribute to drug resistance. Although it is well known that ECM plays an important role in orchestrating cell functions, it remains exclusive how ECM stiffness affects drug resistance. In this study, we prepared agarose hydrogels of different stiffnesses to investigate the effect of hydrogel stiffness on the chemoresistance of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin (DOX). Agarose hydrogels with a stiffness range of 1.5 kPa to 112.3 kPa were prepared and used to encapsulate breast cancer cells for a three-dimensional culture with different concentrations of DOX. The viability of the cells cultured in the hydrogels was dependent on both DOX concentration and hydrogel stiffness. Cell viability decreased with DOX concentration when the cells were cultured in the same stiffness hydrogels. When DOX concentration was the same, breast cancer cells showed higher viability in high-stiffness hydrogels than they did in low-stiffness hydrogels. Furthermore, the expression of P-glycoprotein mRNA in high-stiffness hydrogels was higher than that in low-stiffness hydrogels. The results suggested that hydrogel stiffness could affect the resistance of breast cancer cells to DOX by regulating the expression of chemoresistance-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zeng
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Huajian Chen
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshitomi
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yingnan Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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4
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Mishra J, Chakraborty S, Niharika, Roy A, Manna S, Baral T, Nandi P, Patra SK. Mechanotransduction and epigenetic modulations of chromatin: Role of mechanical signals in gene regulation. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30531. [PMID: 38345428 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces may be generated within a cell due to tissue stiffness, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the changes (even subtle) in the cell's physical surroundings. These changes of forces impose a mechanical tension within the intracellular protein network (both cytosolic and nuclear). Mechanical tension could be released by a series of protein-protein interactions often facilitated by membrane lipids, lectins and sugar molecules and thus generate a type of signal to drive cellular processes, including cell differentiation, polarity, growth, adhesion, movement, and survival. Recent experimental data have accentuated the molecular mechanism of this mechanical signal transduction pathway, dubbed mechanotransduction. Mechanosensitive proteins in the cell's plasma membrane discern the physical forces and channel the information to the cell interior. Cells respond to the message by altering their cytoskeletal arrangement and directly transmitting the signal to the nucleus through the connection of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton before the information despatched to the nucleus by biochemical signaling pathways. Nuclear transmission of the force leads to the activation of chromatin modifiers and modulation of the epigenetic landscape, inducing chromatin reorganization and gene expression regulation; by the time chemical messengers (transcription factors) arrive into the nucleus. While significant research has been done on the role of mechanotransduction in tumor development and cancer progression/metastasis, the mechanistic basis of force-activated carcinogenesis is still enigmatic. Here, in this review, we have discussed the various cues and molecular connections to better comprehend the cellular mechanotransduction pathway, and we also explored the detailed role of some of the multiple players (proteins and macromolecular complexes) involved in mechanotransduction. Thus, we have described an avenue: how mechanical stress directs the epigenetic modifiers to modulate the epigenome of the cells and how aberrant stress leads to the cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samir K Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Sadri F, Hosseini SF, Rezaei Z, Fereidouni M. Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in breast cancer: Reciprocal regulation of microRNAs and implications in precision medicine. Genes Dis 2024; 11:760-771. [PMID: 37692482 PMCID: PMC10491881 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease and the most common female malignancy. In recent years, therapy approaches have evolved to accommodate molecular diversity, with a focus on more biologically based therapies to minimize negative consequences. To regulate cell fate in human breast cells, the Hippo signaling pathway has been associated with the alpha subtype of estrogen receptors. This pathway regulates tissue size, regeneration, and healing, as well as the survival of tissue-specific stem cells, proliferation, and apoptosis in a variety of organs, allowing for cell differentiation. Hippo signaling is mediated by the kinases MST1, MST2, LATS1, and LATS2, as well as the adaptor proteins SAV1 and MOB. These kinases phosphorylate the downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP), and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), suppressing the expression of their downstream target genes. The Hippo signaling pathway kinase cascade plays a significant role in all cancers. Understanding the principles of this kinase cascade would prevent the occurrence of breast cancer. In recent years, small noncoding RNAs, or microRNAs, have been implicated in the development of several malignancies, including breast cancer. The interconnections between miRNAs and Hippo signaling pathway core proteins in the breast, on the other hand, remain poorly understood. In this review, we focused on highlighting the Hippo signaling system, its key parts, its importance in breast cancer, and its regulation by miRNAs and other related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Sadri
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Rezaei
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan 9816745785, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fereidouni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
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6
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Zhang F, Issah MA, Fu HY, Zhou HR, Liu TB, Shen JZ. LATS1 Promotes B-ALL Tumorigenesis by Regulating YAP1 Phosphorylation and Subcellular Localization. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:81-92. [PMID: 38277019 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE YAP1 plays a dual role as an oncogene and tumor suppressor gene in several tumors; differentiating between these roles may depend on the YAP1 phosphorylation pattern. The specific function of YAP1 in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), however, is currently unclear. Thus, in the present study, the role of YAP1 in B-ALL was investigated using relevant cell lines and patient datasets. METHODS The effects of shRNA-mediated knockdown on YAP1 and LATS1 levels in the NALM6 and MOLT-4 cell lines were examined using Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, immunostaining, and nude mouse subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments. Gene expression levels of Hippo pathway-related molecules before and after verteporfin (VP) treatment were compared using RNA-Seq to identify significant Hippo pathway-related genes in NALM6 cells. RESULTS Patients with ALL showing high YAP1 expression and low YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation levels had worse prognoses than those with low YAP1 protein expression and high YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation levels. YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation levels were lower in NALM6 cells than in MOLT-4 and control cells; YAP1 was distributed in the nuclei in NALM6 cells. Knockdown of YAP1 inhibited MOLT-4 and NALM6 cell proliferation and arrested the NALM6 cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Before and after VP treatment, the expression of the upstream gene LATS1 was upregulated; its overexpression promoted YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation. Further, YAP1 was distributed in the plasma. CONCLUSION LATS1 may downregulate YAP1-Ser127 phosphorylation and maintain B-ALL cell function; thus, VP, which targets this axis, may serve as a new therapeutic method for improving the outcomes for B-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Mohammed Awal Issah
- Tamale Technical University, Faculty of Allied Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Tamale, NS-011-2000, Ghana
| | - Hai-Ying Fu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Hua-Rong Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ting-Bo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Shen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical Center of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Clinical Research Center for Hematological Malignancies of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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7
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Kalli M, Poskus MD, Stylianopoulos T, Zervantonakis IK. Beyond matrix stiffness: targeting force-induced cancer drug resistance. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:937-954. [PMID: 37558577 PMCID: PMC10592424 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
During tumor progression, mechanical abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) trigger signaling pathways in cells that activate cellular programs, resulting in tumor growth and drug resistance. In this review, we describe mechanisms of action for anti-cancer therapies and mechanotransduction programs that regulate cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival and phenotype switching. We discuss how the therapeutic response is impacted by the three main mechanical TME abnormalities: high extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and stiffness; interstitial fluid pressure (IFP); and elevated mechanical forces. We also review drugs that normalize these abnormalities or block mechanosensors and mechanotransduction pathways. Finally, we discuss current challenges and perspectives for the development of new strategies targeting mechanically induced drug resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalli
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Matthew D Poskus
- Department of Bioengineering and Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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8
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Xu R, Yin P, Wei J, Ding Q. The role of matrix stiffness in breast cancer progression: a review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1284926. [PMID: 37916166 PMCID: PMC10616305 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1284926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of matrix stiffness in cancer development has been investigated in recent years. The gradual elastic force the extracellular matrix imparts to cells, known as matrix stiffness, is one of the most important types of mechanical stimulation. Increased matrix stiffness alters the biological activity of cells, which promotes the growth of numerous malignancies, including breast cancer. Comprehensive studies have demonstrated that increasing matrix stiffness activates molecular signaling pathways that are closely linked to breast cancer progression. There are many articles exploring the relationship between mechanism hardness and breast cancer, so we wanted to provide a systematic summary of recent research advances. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanism of matrix stiffness in breast cancer, elaborate on the effect of extracellular matrix stiffness on breast cancer biological behavior and signaling pathways, and finally, we will talk about breast cancer treatment that focuses on matrix stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Thrash HL, Pendergast AM. Multi-Functional Regulation by YAP/TAZ Signaling Networks in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4701. [PMID: 37835395 PMCID: PMC10572014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activators, YES-associated protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-Activator with PDZ Binding Motif (TAZ), have both been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. These two proteins possess overlapping and distinct functions, and their activities lead to the expression of genes involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and migration. The dysregulation of YAP/TAZ-dependent cellular processes can result in altered tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to their well-documented roles in the regulation of cancer cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion, the YAP/TAZ-dependent signaling pathways have been more recently implicated in cellular processes that promote metastasis and therapy resistance in several solid tumor types. This review highlights the role of YAP/TAZ signaling networks in the regulation of tumor cell plasticity mediated by hybrid and reversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) states, and the promotion of cancer stem cell/progenitor phenotypes. Mechanistically, YAP and TAZ regulate these cellular processes by targeting transcriptional networks. In this review, we detail recently uncovered mechanisms whereby YAP and TAZ mediate tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance, and discuss new therapeutic strategies to target YAP/TAZ function in various solid tumor types. Understanding the distinct and overlapping roles of YAP and TAZ in multiple cellular processes that promote tumor progression to metastasis is expected to enable the identification of effective therapies to treat solid tumors through the hyper-activation of YAP and TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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10
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Huang M, Wang H, Mackey C, Chung MC, Guan J, Zheng G, Roy A, Xie M, Vulpe C, Tang X. YAP at the Crossroads of Biomechanics and Drug Resistance in Human Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12491. [PMID: 37569866 PMCID: PMC10419175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical forces are of fundamental importance in biology, diseases, and medicine. Mechanobiology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that studies how biological mechanisms are regulated by biomechanical forces and how physical principles can be leveraged to innovate new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews state-of-the-art mechanobiology knowledge about the yes-associated protein (YAP), a key mechanosensitive protein, and its roles in the development of drug resistance in human cancer. Specifically, the article discusses three topics: how YAP is mechanically regulated in living cells; the molecular mechanobiology mechanisms by which YAP, along with other functional pathways, influences drug resistance of cancer cells (particularly lung cancer cells); and finally, how the mechanical regulation of YAP can influence drug resistance and vice versa. By integrating these topics, we present a unified framework that has the potential to bring theoretical insights into the design of novel mechanomedicines and advance next-generation cancer therapies to suppress tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Heyang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cole Mackey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Michael C. Chung
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Juan Guan
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Arkaprava Roy
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Mingyi Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Christopher Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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11
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Shakiba D, Genin GM, Zustiak SP. Mechanobiology of cancer cell responsiveness to chemotherapy and immunotherapy: Mechanistic insights and biomaterial platforms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114771. [PMID: 36889646 PMCID: PMC10133187 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are central to how cancer treatments such as chemotherapeutics and immunotherapies interact with cells and tissues. At the simplest level, electrostatic forces underlie the binding events that are critical to therapeutic function. However, a growing body of literature points to mechanical factors that also affect whether a drug or an immune cell can reach a target, and to interactions between a cell and its environment affecting therapeutic efficacy. These factors affect cell processes ranging from cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix remodeling to transduction of signals by the nucleus to metastasis of cells. This review presents and critiques the state of the art of our understanding of how mechanobiology impacts drug and immunotherapy resistance and responsiveness, and of the in vitro systems that have been of value in the discovery of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Shakiba
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guy M Genin
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Silviya P Zustiak
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Luo J, Zou H, Guo Y, Tong T, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Pan Y, Li P. The oncogenic roles and clinical implications of YAP/TAZ in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1611-1624. [PMID: 36759723 PMCID: PMC10133323 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are homologous transcriptional coactivators and downstream effectors of Hippo signalling. YAP/TAZ activation has been revealed to play essential roles in multiple events of BC development, including tumour initiation, progression, metastasis, drug resistance and stemness regulations. In this review, we will first give an overview of YAP/TAZ-mediated oncogenesis in BC, and then systematically summarise the oncogenic roles of YAP/TAZ in various BC subtypes, BC stem cells (BCSCs) and tumour microenvironments (TMEs). Based on these findings, we will further discuss the clinical implications of YAP/TAZ-based targeted therapies in BC and the potential future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Zou
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Guo
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyu Tong
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjun Xiao
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Sarkar M, Nguyen T, Gundre E, Ogunlusi O, El-Sobky M, Giri B, Sarkar TR. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: The chief architect in the tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1089068. [PMID: 36793444 PMCID: PMC9923123 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1089068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in malignancy and therapeutic resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the major players in tumor stroma. The heterogeneous sources of origin and subsequent impacts of crosstalk with breast cancer cells flaunt serious challenges before current therapies to cure triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and other cancers. The positive and reciprocal feedback of CAFs to induce cancer cells dictates their mutual synergy in establishing malignancy. Their substantial role in creating a tumor-promoting niche has reduced the efficacy of several anti-cancer treatments, including radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Over the years, there has been an emphasis on understanding CAF-induced therapeutic resistance in order to enhance cancer therapy results. CAFs, in the majority of cases, employ crosstalk, stromal management, and other strategies to generate resilience in surrounding tumor cells. This emphasizes the significance of developing novel strategies that target particular tumor-promoting CAF subpopulations, which will improve treatment sensitivity and impede tumor growth. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the origin and heterogeneity of CAFs, their role in tumor progression, and altering the tumor response to therapeutic agents in breast cancer. In addition, we also discuss the potential and possible approaches for CAF-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Tristan Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Esheksha Gundre
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Olajumoke Ogunlusi
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mohanad El-Sobky
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, English Bazar, India,*Correspondence: Biplab Giri, ; Tapasree Roy Sarkar,
| | - Tapasree Roy Sarkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Biplab Giri, ; Tapasree Roy Sarkar,
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14
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Piccolo S, Panciera T, Contessotto P, Cordenonsi M. YAP/TAZ as master regulators in cancer: modulation, function and therapeutic approaches. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:9-26. [PMID: 36564601 PMCID: PMC7614914 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the function of the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ) in cancer is advancing. In this Review, we provide an update on recent progress in YAP/TAZ biology, their regulation by Hippo signaling and mechanotransduction and highlight open questions. YAP/TAZ signaling is an addiction shared by multiple tumor types and their microenvironments, providing many malignant attributes. As such, it represents an important vulnerability that may offer a broad window of therapeutic efficacy, and here we give an overview of the current treatment strategies and pioneering clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tito Panciera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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15
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Bhavnagari H, Raval A, Shah F. Deciphering Potential Role of Hippo Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3505-3518. [PMID: 38141194 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128274418231215054210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and a leading malignancy around the world. It is a vital cause of untimely mortality among women. Drug resistance is the major challenge for effective cancer therapeutics. In contrast, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are one of the reasons for drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. The small population of CSCs present in each tumor has the ability of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity. CSCs are often identified and enriched using a variety of cell surface markers (CD44, CD24, CD133, ABCG2, CD49f, LGR5, SSEA-3, CD70) that exert their functions by different regulatory networks, i.e., Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog (Hh), and Hippo signaling pathways. Particularly the Hippo signaling pathway is the emerging and very less explored cancer stem cell pathway. Here, in this review, the Hippo signaling molecules are elaborated with respect to their ability of stemness as epigenetic modulators and how these molecules can be targeted for better cancer treatment and to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunayna Bhavnagari
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Apexa Raval
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky Shah
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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16
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Zhang L, Chen W, Liu S, Chen C. Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:552-570. [PMID: 36632469 PMCID: PMC9830502 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential roles of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in tumor initiation and recurrence have been recognized for many decades. Due to their strong capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, BCSCs are the major reasons for poor clinical outcomes and low therapeutic response. Several hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells have been proposed, including critical gene mutations in stem cells, dedifferentiation of somatic cells, and cell plasticity remodeling by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment, including cellular components and cytokines, modulates the self-renewal and therapeutic resistance of BCSCs. Small molecules, antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting BCSCs have been developed, and their applications in combination with conventional therapies are undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the features of BCSCs, emphasize the major factors and tumor environment that regulate the stemness of BCSCs, and discuss potential BCSC-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai paracrine Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenmin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650201, China.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai paracrine Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Ceshi Chen, E-mail: or Suling Liu, E-mail:
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650201, China.,Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Ceshi Chen, E-mail: or Suling Liu, E-mail:
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17
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Tariq MR, Ali SW, Fatima N, Jabeen A, Qazi AS, Hameed A, Safdar W. Radiation Therapies in Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 185:59-77. [PMID: 37306904 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A crucial element of cancer treatment is radiation therapy that is used to destroy tumors and cancer cells through radiation. Another essential component is immunotherapy that helps immune system to combat cancer. The combination of both radiation therapy and immunotherapy is being focused recently for the treatment of many tumors. Chemotherapy includes the use of some chemical agent to control the growth of cancer, whereas irradiation involves the use of radiations of high energy to kill cancer cells. The union of both became the strongest practice in cancer treatment techniques. Specific chemotherapies are combined with radiation in the treatment of cancer after proper preclinical assessment of their effectiveness. Some classes of compounds include platinum-based drugs, antimicrotubules, antimetabolites (5-Fluorouracil, Capecitabine, Gemcitabine, Pemetrexed), topoisomerase I inhibitors, alkylating agents (Temozolomide), and other agents (Mitomycin-C, Hypoxic Sensitizers, Nimorazole).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan Tariq
- Department of Food Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shinawar Waseem Ali
- Department of Food Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Food Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Jabeen
- Department of Food Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Saleem Qazi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Amna Hameed
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Ibadat International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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18
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Ning Y, Lin K, Fang J, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, Zhao Q, Wang H, Wang F. Gastrointestinal pan-cancer landscape of tumor matrix heterogeneity identifies biologically distinct matrix stiffness subtypes predicting prognosis and chemotherapy efficacy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2744-2758. [PMID: 37181656 PMCID: PMC10173364 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a heterogeneous group of primary solid tumors, arising in GI tract from the esophagus to rectum. Matrix stiffness (MS) is a critical physical factor for cancer progression; however, its importance in tumor progression remains to be comprehensively recognized. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of MS subtypes across seven GI-cancer types. Using unsupervised clustering based on literature-derived MS-specific pathway signatures, the GI-tumor samples were divided into three MS subtypes, termed as the Soft, Mixed and Stiff. Then, distinct prognoses, biological features, tumor microenvironments and mutation landscapes among three MS subtypes were revealed. The Stiff tumor subtype was associated with the poorest prognosis, the most malignant biological behaviors, and the immunosuppressive tumor stromal microenvironment. Furthermore, multiple machine learning algorithms were used to develop an 11-gene MS-signature to identify the MS subtypes of GI-caner and predict chemotherapy sensitivity, which were further validated in two external GI-cancer cohorts. This novel MS-based classification on GI-cancers could enhance our understanding of the important role of MS in tumor progression, and may have implications for the optimization of individualized cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Park M, Lee SH, Bui QT, Kim YM, Kang KW. The essential role of YAP in ERα36-mediated proliferation and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057276. [PMID: 36534032 PMCID: PMC9755719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Most breast cancers are hormone-receptor-positive, and thus the first-line therapy for them is an anti-estrogen medication such as tamoxifen. If metastasis occurs or resistance to tamoxifen develops, the 5-year survival rates for breast cancer patients significantly decrease. Hence, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to breast cancer aggressiveness is of great importance. ERα36 is an estrogen receptor variant that is known to be upregulated in breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen treatment or in triple-negative breast cancer cells. However, the specific molecular mechanism underlying ERα36-induced tamoxifen-resistance is not yet fully understood. Methods: ERα36-overexpressing MCF-7 cells were constructed by either plasmid transfection using ERα36 vector or retroviral infection using ERα36-V5-His vector. Target-gene expression was assessed by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR, and YAP activation was evaluated by luciferase assays and immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation and formation of three-dimensional spheroids were evaluated using the IncuCyte S3 Live Cell Analysis System. Results: We found that the expression patterns of Hippo signaling-related genes were significantly changed in ERα36-overexpressing MCF-7 cells compared to MCF-7 cells, which were also similarly observed in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells. Specifically, the protein expression level and activity of YAP, the core downstream protein of the Hippo pathway, were significantly increased in ERα36-overexpressing MCF-7 cells compared with MCF-7 cells. The aggressive phenotypes acquired by ERα36 overexpression in MCF-7 cells were destroyed by YAP knockout. On this basis, we propose that ERα36 regulates YAP activity by a new mechanism involving Src kinase. Conclusion: Our results suggest that YAP targeting may be a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of advanced breast cancers overexpressing ERα36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Quyen Thu Bui
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Rizzolio S, Giordano S, Corso S. The importance of being CAFs (in cancer resistance to targeted therapies). J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:319. [PMID: 36324182 PMCID: PMC9632140 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, clinical oncology has been revolutionized by the advent of targeted drugs. However, the efficacy of these therapies is significantly limited by primary and acquired resistance, that relies not only on cell-autonomous mechanisms but also on tumor microenvironment cues. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are extremely plastic cells of the tumor microenvironment. They not only produce extracellular matrix components that build up the structure of tumor stroma, but they also release growth factors, chemokines, exosomes, and metabolites that affect all tumor properties, including response to drug treatment. The contribution of CAFs to tumor progression has been deeply investigated and reviewed in several works. However, their role in resistance to anticancer therapies, and in particular to molecular therapies, has been largely overlooked. This review specifically dissects the role of CAFs in driving resistance to targeted therapies and discusses novel CAF targeted therapeutic strategies to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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21
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Fu J, McGrath NA, Lee J, Wang X, Brar G, Xie C. Verteporfin synergizes the efficacy of anti-PD-1 in cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 21:485-492. [PMID: 35307294 PMCID: PMC9463402 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the primary hepatobiliary malignant neoplasms with only 10% of 5-year survival rate. Promising immunotherapy with the blockade of immune checkpoints has no clear benefit in CCA. The inhibition of YAP1 signaling by verteporfin has shown encouraging results by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefit of the combination of verteporfin and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) in CCA mouse model. METHODS We assessed the cytotoxicity of verteporfin in human CCA cell lines in vitro, including both intrahepatic CCA and extrahepatic CCA cells. We examined the in vitro effect of verteporfin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stemness. We evaluated the in vivo efficacy of verteporfin, anti-PD-1, and a combination of both in subcutaneous CCA mouse model. RESULTS Our study showed that verteporfin reduced tumor cell growth and enhanced apoptosis of human CCA tumor cells in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. Nevertheless, verteporfin impaired stemness evidenced by reduced spheroid formation and colony formation, decreased numbers of cells with aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and positive cancer stem cell markers (all P < 0.05). The combination of verteporfin and anti-PD-1 reduced tumor burden in CCA subcutaneous SB1 tumor model compared to either agent alone. CONCLUSIONS Verteporfin exhibits antitumor effects in both intrahepatic and extrahepatic CCA cell lines and the combination with anti-PD-1 inhibited tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Fu
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A McGrath
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jihye Lee
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gagandeep Brar
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Changqing Xie
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Dupont S, Wickström SA. Mechanical regulation of chromatin and transcription. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:624-643. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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23
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhou X. Functions of Yes-association protein (YAP) in cancer progression and anticancer therapy resistance. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway, a highly conserved kinase cascade, regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, organ size, and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway reportedly plays an important role in the progression of various human cancers. Yes-association protein (YAP), the Hippo pathway’s core effector, is considered a marker for cancer therapy and patient prognosis. In addition, studies have indicated that YAP is involved in promoting anticancer drug resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge on YAP’s role in cancer progression, anticancer drug resistance, and advances in the development of YAP-targeting drugs. A thorough understanding of the complex interactions among molecular, cellular, and environmental factors concerning YAP function in cancer progression may provide new insight into the underlying mechanism of anticancer drug resistance. It might lead to improved prognosis through novel combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Breaking through the barrier: Modelling and exploiting the physical microenvironment to enhance drug transport and efficacy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114183. [PMID: 35278523 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are the main pillar in the treatment of various illnesses. To administer these drugs in the therapeutic setting, multiple routes of administration have been defined, including ingestion, inhalation, and injection. After administration, drugs need to find their way to the intended target for high effectiveness, and this penetration is greatly dependent on obstacles the drugs encounter along their path. Key hurdles include the physical barriers that are present within the body and knowledge of those is indispensable for progress in the development of drugs with increased therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we examine several important physical barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, the gut-mucosal barrier, and the extracellular matrix barrier, and evaluate their influence on drug transport and efficacy. We explore various in vitro model systems that aid in understanding how parameters within the barrier model affect drug transfer and therapeutic effect. We conclude that physical barriers in the body restrict the quantity of drugs that can pass through, mainly as a consequence of the barrier architecture. In addition, the specific physical properties of the tissue can trigger intracellular changes, altering cell behavior in response to drugs. Though the barriers negatively influence drug distribution, physical stimulation of the surrounding environment may also be exploited as a mechanism to control drug release. This drug delivery approach is explored in this review as a potential alternative to the conventional ways of delivering therapeutics.
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25
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Targeting extracellular matrix stiffness and mechanotransducers to improve cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:34. [PMID: 35331296 PMCID: PMC8943941 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer microenvironment is critical for tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The extracellular matrix (ECM) interacts with tumor and stromal cells to promote cancer cells proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and immune evasion. Both ECM itself and ECM stiffening-induced mechanical stimuli may activate cell membrane receptors and mechanosensors such as integrin, Piezo1 and TRPV4, thereby modulating the malignant phenotype of tumor and stromal cells. A better understanding of how ECM stiffness regulates tumor progression will contribute to the development of new therapeutics. The rapidly expanding evidence in this research area suggests that the regulators and effectors of ECM stiffness represent potential therapeutic targets for cancer. This review summarizes recent work on the regulation of ECM stiffness in cancer, the effects of ECM stiffness on tumor progression, cancer immunity and drug resistance. We also discuss the potential targets that may be druggable to intervene ECM stiffness and tumor progression. Based on these advances, future efforts can be made to develop more effective and safe drugs to interrupt ECM stiffness-induced oncogenic signaling, cancer progression and drug resistance.
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Germain N, Dhayer M, Dekiouk S, Marchetti P. Current Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Cancer Modeling and Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073432. [PMID: 35408789 PMCID: PMC8998835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells evolve in a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of different cell types and an extracellular matrix. Current 2D culture methods are very limited in their ability to mimic the cancer cell environment. In recent years, various 3D models of cancer cells have been developed, notably in the form of spheroids/organoids, using scaffold or cancer-on-chip devices. However, these models have the disadvantage of not being able to precisely control the organization of multiple cell types in complex architecture and are sometimes not very reproducible in their production, and this is especially true for spheroids. Three-dimensional bioprinting can produce complex, multi-cellular, and reproducible constructs in which the matrix composition and rigidity can be adapted locally or globally to the tumor model studied. For these reasons, 3D bioprinting seems to be the technique of choice to mimic the tumor microenvironment in vivo as closely as possible. In this review, we discuss different 3D-bioprinting technologies, including bioinks and crosslinkers that can be used for in vitro cancer models and the techniques used to study cells grown in hydrogels; finally, we provide some applications of bioprinted cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Germain
- UMR 9020–UMR-S 1277–Canther–Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut de Recherche Contre le Cancer de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.D.)
- Banque de Tissus, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (P.M.); Tel.: +33-3-20-16-92-20 (P.M.)
| | - Melanie Dhayer
- UMR 9020–UMR-S 1277–Canther–Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut de Recherche Contre le Cancer de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Salim Dekiouk
- UMR 9020–UMR-S 1277–Canther–Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut de Recherche Contre le Cancer de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- UMR 9020–UMR-S 1277–Canther–Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut de Recherche Contre le Cancer de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.D.)
- Banque de Tissus, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (P.M.); Tel.: +33-3-20-16-92-20 (P.M.)
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Matrix Stiffness Contributes to Cancer Progression by Regulating Transcription Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041049. [PMID: 35205794 PMCID: PMC8870363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Matrix stiffness is recognized as a critical factor in cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that matrix stiffening is caused by the accumulation, contraction, and crosslinking of the extracellular matrix by cancer and stromal cells. Cancer and stromal cells respond to matrix stiffness, which determines the phenotypes of these cells. In addition, matrix stiffness activates and/or inactivates specific transcription factors in cancer and stromal cells to regulate cancer progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of cancer stiffening and progression that are regulated by transcription factors responding to matrix stiffness. Abstract Matrix stiffness is critical for the progression of various types of cancers. In solid cancers such as mammary and pancreatic cancers, tumors often contain abnormally stiff tissues, mainly caused by stiff extracellular matrices due to accumulation, contraction, and crosslinking. Stiff extracellular matrices trigger mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical cues such as stiffness of the matrix to biochemical signaling in the cells, and as a result determine the cellular phenotypes of cancer and stromal cells in tumors. Transcription factors are key molecules for these processes, as they respond to matrix stiffness and are crucial for cellular behaviors. The Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is one of the most studied transcription factors that is regulated by matrix stiffness. The YAP/TAZ are activated by a stiff matrix and promotes malignant phenotypes in cancer and stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts. In addition, other transcription factors such as β-catenin and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) also play key roles in mechanotransduction in cancer tissues. In this review, the mechanisms of stiffening cancer tissues are introduced, and the transcription factors regulated by matrix stiffness in cancer and stromal cells and their roles in cancer progression are shown.
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Kim M, Ly SH, Xie Y, Duronio GN, Ford-Roshon D, Hwang JH, Sulahian R, Rennhack JP, So J, Gjoerup O, Talamas JA, Grandclaudon M, Long HW, Doench JG, Sethi NS, Giannakis M, Hahn WC. YAP1 and PRDM14 converge to promote cell survival and tumorigenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:212-227.e8. [PMID: 34990589 PMCID: PMC8827663 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator YAP1 oncogene is the downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, which regulates tissue homeostasis, organ size, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Multiple cancers are dependent on sustained expression of YAP1 for cell proliferation, survival, and tumorigenesis, but the molecular basis of this oncogene dependency is not well understood. To identify genes that can functionally substitute for YAP1, we performed a genome-scale genetic rescue screen in YAP1-dependent colon cancer cells expressing an inducible YAP1-specific shRNA. We found that the transcription factor PRDM14 rescued cell proliferation and tumorigenesis upon YAP1 suppression in YAP1-dependent cells, xenografts, and colon cancer organoids. YAP1 and PRDM14 individually activated the transcription of calmodulin 2 (CALM2) and a glucose transporter SLC2A1 upon YAP1 suppression, and CALM2 or SLC2A1 expression was required for the rescue of YAP1 suppression. Together, these findings implicate PRDM14-mediated transcriptional upregulation of CALM2 and SLC2A1 as key components of oncogenic YAP1 signaling and dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miju Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seav Huong Ly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yingtian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gina N Duronio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dane Ford-Roshon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Justin H Hwang
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rita Sulahian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan P Rennhack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan So
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ole Gjoerup
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica A Talamas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nilay S Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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YAP/Hippo Pathway and Cancer Immunity: It Takes Two to Tango. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121949. [PMID: 34944765 PMCID: PMC8698579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo pathway with its main molecule YAP is a crucial pathway for development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the multiple effects of the YAP/Hippo pathway in the immune system and cancer. We analyzed a series of effects: extracellular vesicles enhanced immunity through inhibition of LATS1/2, ways of modulation of the tumor microenvironment, YAP- and TAZ-mediated upregulation of PDL1, high expression of YAP and PDL1 in EGFR-TKI-resistant cells, enhanced YAP activity in inflammation, and the effect of the Hippo pathway on T cells, B cells, Tregs, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These pleiotropic effects render the YAP and Hippo pathway a key pathway for exploitation in the future, in order to enhance our immunotherapy treatment strategies in oncology.
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Kaur S, Najm MZ, Khan MA, Akhter N, Shingatgeri VM, Sikenis M, Sadaf , Aloliqi AA. Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer: Dwelling the Hippo Pathway to Manage the Treatment. BREAST CANCER: TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:691-700. [PMID: 34938116 PMCID: PMC8685960 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s343329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer can be categorized as a commonly occurring cancer among women with a high mortality rate. Due to the repetitive treatment cycles, it has been noted that the patients develop resistance towards the chemotherapeutic drugs and remain unresponsive towards them. Therefore, many researchers are studying various signaling pathways involved in drug resistance for cancer treatment to overcome the obstacle. Hippo signaling is a widely studied pathway involved in tumor progression and controlling cell proliferation. Hence, understanding the aspects of the gene involved Hippo pathway would provide an insight into the mechanism behind the resistance and result in the development of new treatments. Here, we review the Hippo signaling pathway in humans and how the expression of different components leads to the regulation of resistance against some of the common chemo-drugs used in breast cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the chemotherapeutics that became ineffective due to the resistance and the mechanism following the process.
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Fernández-Nogueira P, Fuster G, Gutierrez-Uzquiza Á, Gascón P, Carbó N, Bragado P. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Breast Cancer Treatment Response and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3146. [PMID: 34201840 PMCID: PMC8268405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, with about one million new cases diagnosed each year. In spite of the improvements in diagnosis, early detection and treatment, there is still a high incidence of mortality and failure to respond to current therapies. With the use of several well-established biomarkers, such as hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), as well as genetic analysis, BrCa patients can be categorized into multiple subgroups: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Basal-like, with specific treatment strategies. Although chemotherapy and targeted therapies have greatly improved the survival of patients with BrCa, there is still a large number of patients who relapse or who fail to respond. The role of the tumor microenvironment in BrCa progression is becoming increasingly understood. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the principal population of stromal cells in breast tumors. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of CAFs' role in altering the tumor response to therapeutic agents as well as in fostering metastasis in BrCa. In addition, we also review the available CAFs-directed molecular therapies and their potential implications for BrCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernández-Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Gascón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Neus Carbó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Chen J, Wan R, Li Q, Rao Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Teichmann AT. Utilizing the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for combating endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34112175 PMCID: PMC8194146 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is always a great obstacle in any endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Although the combination of endocrine therapy and targeted therapy has been shown to significantly improve prognosis, refractory endocrine resistance is still common. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is often related to the occurrence and the development of many tumors. Targeted therapies of this pathway have played important roles in the study of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeting the Hippo pathway in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies has been shown to significantly improve specific antitumor effects and reduce cancer antidrug resistance. Further exploration has shown that the Hippo pathway is closely related to endocrine resistance, and it plays a "co-correlation point" role in numerous pathways involving endocrine resistance, including related pathways in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Agents and miRNAs targeting the components of the Hippo pathway are expected to significantly enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to endocrine therapy. This review initially explains the possible mechanism of the Hippo pathway in combating endocrine resistance, and it concludes by recommending endocrine therapy in combination with therapies targeting the Hippo pathway in the study of endocrine-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhenghuan Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China. .,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Yong J, Li Y, Lin S, Wang Z, Xu Y. Inhibitors Targeting YAP in Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2445-2456. [PMID: 34140763 PMCID: PMC8203099 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s308377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers globally, threatening global health. The deregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway has been discovered in GC and may be related to cancer development, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Yes-associated protein (YAP), as a downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway and a crucial co-transcription factor in the nucleus, is a promising and vital potential drug target for the treatment of GC. A series of drugs or compounds that inhibit YAP has been developed or confirmed. Therefore, this review will focus on summarizing the drugs and small-molecule inhibitors that have been reported to inhibit YAP and discuss the clinical prospects of YAP inhibitors in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China
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Mohajan S, Jaiswal PK, Vatanmakarian M, Yousefi H, Sankaralingam S, Alahari SK, Koul S, Koul HK. Hippo pathway: Regulation, deregulation and potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:112-123. [PMID: 33737002 PMCID: PMC10370464 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hippo pathway is a master regulator of development, cell proliferation, stem cell function, tissue regeneration, homeostasis, and organ size control. Hippo pathway relays signals from different extracellular and intracellular events to regulate cell behavior and functions. Hippo pathway is conserved from Protista to eukaryotes. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway is associated with numerous cancers. Alteration of the Hippo pathway results in cell invasion, migration, disease progression, and therapy resistance in cancers. However, the function of the various components of the mammalian Hippo pathway is yet to be elucidated in detail especially concerning tumor biology. In the present review, we focused on the Hippo pathway in different model organisms, its regulation and deregulation, and possible therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mohajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, Shreveport, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA
| | - Mousa Vatanmakarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | | | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Urology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, USA.
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Cai X, Wang KC, Meng Z. Mechanoregulation of YAP and TAZ in Cellular Homeostasis and Disease Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673599. [PMID: 34109179 PMCID: PMC8182050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues, such as mechanical properties, play a critical role in tissue growth and homeostasis. During organ development and tissue injury repair, compressive and tensional forces generated by cell-extracellular matrix or cell-cell interaction are key factors for cell fate determination. In the vascular system, hemodynamic forces, shear stress, and cyclic stretch modulate vascular cell phenotypes and susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Despite that emerging efforts have been made to investigate how mechanotransduction is involved in tuning cell and tissue functions in various contexts, the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. One of the challenges is to understand the signaling cascades that transmit mechanical cues from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm and then to the nuclei to generate mechanoresponsive transcriptomes. YAP and its homolog TAZ, the Hippo pathway effectors, have been identified as key mechanotransducers that sense mechanical stimuli and relay the signals to control transcriptional programs for cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. However, the upstream mechanosensors for YAP/TAZ signaling and downstream transcriptome responses following YAP/TAZ activation or repression have not been well characterized. Moreover, the mechanoregulation of YAP/TAZ in literature is highly context-dependent. In this review, we summarize the biomechanical cues in the tissue microenvironment and provide an update on the roles of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuei-Chun Wang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Martinez J, Smith PC. The Dynamic Interaction between Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Breast Tumor Progression. Cells 2021; 10:1046. [PMID: 33946660 PMCID: PMC8145942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic tumors correspond to a unique tissue structure characterized by the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix. Breast tumors are a typical example of this type of lesion, a property that allows its palpation and early detection. Fibrillar type I collagen is a major component of tumor desmoplasia and its accumulation is causally linked to tumor cell survival and metastasis. For many years, the desmoplastic phenomenon was considered to be a reaction and response of the host tissue against tumor cells and, accordingly, designated as "desmoplastic reaction". This notion has been challenged in the last decades when desmoplastic tissue was detected in breast tissue in the absence of tumor. This finding suggests that desmoplasia is a preexisting condition that stimulates the development of a malignant phenotype. With this perspective, in the present review, we analyze the role of extracellular matrix remodeling in the development of the desmoplastic response. Importantly, during the discussion, we also analyze the impact of obesity and cell metabolism as critical drivers of tissue remodeling during the development of desmoplasia. New knowledge derived from the dynamic remodeling of the extracellular matrix may lead to novel targets of interest for early diagnosis or therapy in the context of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Martinez
- Cell Biology Laboratory, INTA, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Patricio C. Smith
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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New Insights into YES-Associated Protein Signaling Pathways in Hematological Malignancies: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081981. [PMID: 33924049 PMCID: PMC8073623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YES-associated protein (YAP) is a co-transcriptional activator that binds to transcriptional factors to increase the rate of transcription of a set of genes, and it can intervene in the onset and progression of different tumors. Most of the data in the literature refer to the effects of the YAP system in solid neoplasms. In this review, we analyze the possibility that YAP can also intervene in hematological neoplasms such as lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and acute and chronic leukemias, modifying the phenomena of cell proliferation and cell death. The possibilities of pharmacological intervention related to the YAP system in an attempt to use its modulation therapeutically are also discussed. Abstract The Hippo/YES-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway is a cell survival and proliferation-control system with its main activity that of regulating cell growth and organ volume. YAP operates as a transcriptional coactivator in regulating the onset, progression, and treatment response in numerous human tumors. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of YAP in the control of the hematopoietic system, in physiological conditions rather than in hematological diseases. Nevertheless, several reports have proposed that the effects of YAP in tumor cells are cell-dependent and cell-type-determined, even if YAP usually interrelates with extracellular signaling to stimulate the onset and progression of tumors. In the present review, we report the most recent findings in the literature on the relationship between the YAP system and hematological neoplasms. Moreover, we evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the modulation of the YAP system in the treatment of malignancies. Given the effects of the YAP system in immunosurveillance, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance, further studies on interactions between the YAP system and hematological malignancies will offer very relevant information for the targeting of these diseases employing YAP modifiers alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs.
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Riehl BD, Kim E, Bouzid T, Lim JY. The Role of Microenvironmental Cues and Mechanical Loading Milieus in Breast Cancer Cell Progression and Metastasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:608526. [PMID: 33585411 PMCID: PMC7874074 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer can disrupt the microenvironments and mechanical homeostatic actions in multiple scales from large tissue modification to altered cellular signaling pathway in mechanotransduction. In this review, we highlight recent progresses in breast cancer cell mechanobiology focusing on cell-microenvironment interaction and mechanical loading regulation of cells. First, the effects of microenvironmental cues on breast cancer cell progression and metastasis will be reviewed with respect to substrate stiffness, chemical/topographic substrate patterning, and 2D vs. 3D cultures. Then, the role of mechanical loading situations such as tensile stretch, compression, and flow-induced shear will be discussed in relation to breast cancer cell mechanobiology and metastasis prevention. Ultimately, the substrate microenvironment and mechanical signal will work together to control cancer cell progression and metastasis. The discussions on breast cancer cell responsiveness to mechanical signals, from static substrate and dynamic loading, and the mechanotransduction pathways involved will facilitate interdisciplinary knowledge transfer, enabling further insights into prognostic markers, mechanically mediated metastasis pathways for therapeutic targets, and model systems required to advance cancer mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Riehl
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Tasneem Bouzid
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jung Yul Lim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Illes B, Fuchs A, Gegenfurtner F, Ploetz E, Zahler S, Vollmar AM, Engelke H. Spatio-selective activation of nuclear translocation of YAP with light directs invasion of cancer cell spheroids. iScience 2021; 24:102185. [PMID: 33718837 PMCID: PMC7921841 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix strongly influence tumor progression and invasion. Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been shown to be a key regulator of this process translating mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix into intracellular signals. Despite its apparent role in tumor progression and metastasis, it is not clear yet, whether YAP activation can actively trigger the onset of invasion. To address this question, we designed a photo-activatable YAP (optoYAP), which allows for spatiotemporal control of its activation. The activation mechanism of optoYAP is based on optically triggered nuclear translocation of the protein. Activation of optoYAP induces downstream signaling for several hours and leads to increased proliferation in two- and three-dimensional cultures. Applied to cancer spheroids, optoYAP activation induces invasion. Site-selective activation of optoYAP in cancer spheroids strikingly directs invasion into the activated direction. Thus, nuclear translocation of YAP may be enough to trigger the onset of invasion. Photoactivation of nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP) Photoactivation of YAP induces downstream signaling Site-selective activation of YAP triggers directed invasion of cancer spheroids
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Illes
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Gegenfurtner
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ploetz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Engelke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 11, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstr. 46, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Chhetri A, Rispoli JV, Lelièvre SA. 3D Cell Culture for the Study of Microenvironment-Mediated Mechanostimuli to the Cell Nucleus: An Important Step for Cancer Research. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:628386. [PMID: 33644116 PMCID: PMC7902798 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.628386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that the stiffness of the tumor microenvironment (TME) changes during cancer progression motivated the development of cell culture involving extracellular mechanostimuli, with the intent of identifying mechanotransduction mechanisms that influence cell phenotypes. Collagen I is a main extracellular matrix (ECM) component used to study mechanotransduction in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. There are also models with interstitial fluid stress that have been mostly focusing on the migration of invasive cells. We argue that a major step for the culture of tumors is to integrate increased ECM stiffness and fluid movement characteristic of the TME. Mechanotransduction is based on the principles of tensegrity and dynamic reciprocity, which requires measuring not only biochemical changes, but also physical changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. Most techniques available for cellular rheology were developed for a 2D, flat cell culture world, hence hampering studies requiring proper cellular architecture that, itself, depends on 3D tissue organization. New and adapted measuring techniques for 3D cell culture will be worthwhile to study the apparent increase in physical plasticity of cancer cells with disease progression. Finally, evidence of the physical heterogeneity of the TME, in terms of ECM composition and stiffness and of fluid flow, calls for the investigation of its impact on the cellular heterogeneity proposed to control tumor phenotypes. Reproducing, measuring and controlling TME heterogeneity should stimulate collaborative efforts between biologists and engineers. Studying cancers in well-tuned 3D cell culture platforms is paramount to bring mechanomedicine into the realm of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apekshya Chhetri
- Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Joseph V Rispoli
- Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sophie A Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Manno G, Filorizzo C, Fanale D, Brando C, Di Lisi D, Lunetta M, Bazan V, Russo A, Novo G. Role of the HIPPO pathway as potential key player in the cross talk between oncology and cardiology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 159:103246. [PMID: 33545354 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIPPO pathway (HP) is a highly conserved kinase cascade that affects organ size by regulating proliferation, cell survival and differentiation. Discovered in Drosophila melanogaster to early 2000, it immediately opened wide frontiers in the field of research. Over the last years the field of knowledge on HP is quickly expanding and it is thought will offer many answers on complex pathologies. Here, we summarized the results of several studies that have investigated HP signaling both in oncology than in cardiology field, with an overview on future perspectives in cardiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Manno
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mothernal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialities (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Clarissa Filorizzo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Lisi
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mothernal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialities (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Lunetta
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mothernal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialities (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Novo
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Department of Excellence of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mothernal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialities (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
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Zeng R, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Drug Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020318. [PMID: 33467099 PMCID: PMC7830227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although great breakthroughs have been made in cancer treatment following the development of targeted therapy and immune therapy, resistance against anti-cancer drugs remains one of the most challenging conundrums. Considerable effort has been made to discover the underlying mechanisms through which malignant tumor cells acquire or develop resistance to anti-cancer treatment. The Hippo signaling pathway appears to play an important role in this process. This review focuses on how components in the human Hippo signaling pathway contribute to drug resistance in a variety of cancer types. This article also summarizes current pharmacological interventions that are able to target the Hippo signaling pathway and serve as potential anti-cancer therapeutics. Abstract Chemotherapy represents one of the most efficacious strategies to treat cancer patients, bringing advantageous changes at least temporarily even to those patients with incurable malignancies. However, most patients respond poorly after a certain number of cycles of treatment due to the development of drug resistance. Resistance to drugs administrated to cancer patients greatly limits the benefits that patients can achieve and continues to be a severe clinical difficulty. Among the mechanisms which have been uncovered to mediate anti-cancer drug resistance, the Hippo signaling pathway is gaining increasing attention due to the remarkable oncogenic activities of its components (for example, YAP and TAZ) and their druggable properties. This review will highlight current understanding of how the Hippo signaling pathway regulates anti-cancer drug resistance in tumor cells, and currently available pharmacological interventions targeting the Hippo pathway to eradicate malignant cells and potentially treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-559-5596; Fax: +1-402-559-4651
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Szulzewsky F, Holland EC, Vasioukhin V. YAP1 and its fusion proteins in cancer initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance. Dev Biol 2021; 475:205-221. [PMID: 33428889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
YAP1 is a transcriptional co-activator whose activity is controlled by the Hippo signaling pathway. In addition to important functions in normal tissue homeostasis and regeneration, YAP1 has also prominent functions in cancer initiation, aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review we are discussing the molecular functions of YAP1 and its roles in cancer, with a focus on the different mechanisms of de-regulation of YAP1 activity in human cancers, including inactivation of upstream Hippo pathway tumor suppressors, regulation by intersecting pathways, miRNAs, and viral oncogenes. We are also discussing new findings on the function and biology of the recently identified family of YAP1 gene fusions, that constitute a new type of activating mutation of YAP1 and that are the likely oncogenic drivers in several subtypes of human cancers. Lastly, we also discuss different strategies of therapeutic inhibition of YAP1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Seattle Tumor Translational Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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44
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Pelissier Vatter FA, Lucotti S, Zhang H. Recent Advances in Experimental Models of Breast Cancer Exosome Secretion, Characterization and Function. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:305-317. [PMID: 33351162 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is responsible for 15% of all the cancer deaths among women in the USA. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has the potential to act as a driver of breast cancer progression and metastasis. The TME is composed of stromal cells within an extracellular matrix and soluble cytokines, chemokines and extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles that actively influence cell behavior. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and large oncosomes that orchestrate fundamental processes during tumor progression through direct interaction with target cells. Long before tumor cell spread to future metastatic sites, tumor-secreted exosomes enter the circulation and establish distant pre-metastatic niches, hospitable and permissive milieus for metastatic colonization. Emerging evidence suggests that breast cancer exosomes promote tumor progression and metastasis by inducing vascular leakiness, angiogenesis, invasion, immunomodulation and chemoresistance. Exosomes are found in almost all physiological fluids including plasma, urine, saliva, and breast milk, providing a valuable resource for the development of non-invasive cancer biomarkers. Here, we review work on the role of exosomes in breast cancer progression and metastasis, and describe the most recent advances in models of exosome secretion, isolation, characterization and functional analysis. We highlight the potential applications of plasma-derived exosomes as predictive biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. We finally describe the therapeutic approaches of exosomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny A Pelissier Vatter
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Samji P, Rajendran MK, Warrier VP, Ganesh A, Devarajan K. Regulation of Hippo signaling pathway in cancer: A MicroRNA perspective. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109858. [PMID: 33253912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that Hippo signaling is not only involved in controlling organ size in Drosophila but can also regulate cell proliferation, tissue homeostasis, differentiation, apoptosis and regeneration. Any dysregulation of Hippo signaling, especially the hyper activation of its downstream effectors YAP/TAZ, can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and malignant transformation. In majority of cancers, expression of YAP/TAZ is extremely high and this increased expression of YAP/TAZ has been shown to be an independent predictor of prognosis and indicator of increased cell proliferation, metastasis and poor survival. In this review, we have summarized the most recent findings about the cross talk of Hippo signaling pathway with other signaling pathways and its regulation by different miRNAs in various cancer types. Recent evidence has suggested that Hippo pathway is also involved in mediating the resistance of different cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and in a few cancer types, this is brought about by regulating miRNAs. Therefore, the delineation of the underlying mechanisms regulating the chemotherapeutic resistance might help in developing better treatment options. This review has attempted to provide an overview of different drugs/options which can be utilized to target oncogenic YAP/TAZ proteins for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Samji
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Manoj K Rajendran
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Vidya P Warrier
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Akshayaa Ganesh
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Karunagaran Devarajan
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, India
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Guo L, Zheng J, Luo J, Zhang Z, Shao G. Targeting Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Improves Sensitivity to Sorafenib: An in vitro and in vivo Study. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11071-11087. [PMID: 33149619 PMCID: PMC7605682 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) in the pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its potential as a therapeutic target. Methods YAP1 expression in HCC and adjacent tissues was determined via immunohistochemistry; in HCC and human normal liver cell lines, expression was examined via Western blotting. The effects of YAP1 knockdown and overexpression were detected following transfection of HCC cells with siRNA-YAP1 recombinants or pcDNA3.1-YAP1 plasmids. A tumor xenograft model was constructed by implanting YAP1-knockdown lentivirus-infected Hep-3B cells into nude mice, and the animals were treated with sorafenib. Results In patients with HCC, YAP1 was upregulated in tumor tissue compared with adjacent tissue, and its high expression in the tumor was associated with increased Edmonson grade. In vitro, YAP1 expression was increased in Hep-3B, SK-HEP-1 and Huh7 cells, while it was similar in SMMC-7721 cells and LO2 cells. Meanwhile, YAP1 increased cell proliferation and invasion, promoted the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inhibited cell apoptosis in HCC cells; furthermore, YAP1 knockdown combined with the administration of sorafenib decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis compared with YAP1 knockdown or treatment with sorafenib alone. In vivo, YAP1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, whereas it promoted apoptosis; meanwhile, YAP1 knockdown synergized with sorafenib to suppress tumor progression in HCC mice. Conclusion YAP1 is upregulated in both HCC tumor tissues and cell lines. Moreover, it promotes cell proliferation and invasion and promoted the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. Furthermore, targeting YAP1 inhibits HCC progression and improves sensitivity to sorafenib in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Guo
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Zheng
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Shao
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
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Wei C, Li X. Verteporfin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in different subtypes of breast cancer cell lines without light activation. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1042. [PMID: 33121449 PMCID: PMC7599100 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) can be divided into five subtypes: Lumina1A, Lumina1B, HER-2 overexpression, Basal-like and Normal breast-like subtype, based on the differently expressed genes in breast cancer tissue. The Hippo signaling pathway plays an indispensable role in BC. The YAP gene is a terminal effector of Hippo pathway, and hyperactivation of YAP mediates tumorigenesis. As an inhibitor of YAP, non-photoactivated verteporfin (VP) can inhibit YAP-mediated tumor proliferation and angiogenesis by eliminating its interaction with TEAD. This study aimed to determine the effect and molecular mechanisms of VP-mediated inhibition of YAP in different subtypes of BC. Methods Luminal A, Luminal B and Basal-like BC cells were cultivated in vitro to study effects of VP on proliferation and apoptosis of these three molecular BC subtypes. Results Our experimental results showed that VP inhibited cell proliferation, YAP-TEAD interaction and expression of its downstream targets. VP also induced tumor cell apoptosis, and promoted the cleavage of Caspase-9 and PARP in the cells of various molecular subtypes of BC. Conclusion These findings provide a basis for the use of VP as a potential anti-tumor therapeutic for BC by targeting the Hippo pathway effector YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changran Wei
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. .,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.706 TaiShan Road, TaiShan District, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong Province, China.
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Wei C, Li X. The Role of Photoactivated and Non-Photoactivated Verteporfin on Tumor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:557429. [PMID: 33178014 PMCID: PMC7593515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.557429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Verteporfin (VP) has long been clinically used to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recent studies have reported a significant anti-tumor effect of VP as well. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a pro-tumorigenic factor that is aberrantly expressed in various cancers and is a central effector of the Hippo signaling pathway that regulates organ size and tumorigenesis. VP can inhibit YAP without photoactivation, along with suppressing autophagy, and downregulating germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK) and STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK). In addition, VP can induce mitochondrial damage and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoactivation, and is an effective photosensitizer (PS) in anti-tumor PDT. We have reviewed the direct and adjuvant therapeutic action of VP as a PS, and its YAP/TEA domain (TEAD)-dependent and independent pharmacological effects in the absence of light activation against cancer cells and solid tumors. Based on the present evidence, VP may be repositioned as a promising anti-cancer chemotherapeutic and adjuvant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changran Wei
- Department of The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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Ort C, Lee W, Kalashnikov N, Moraes C. Disentangling the fibrous microenvironment: designer culture models for improved drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:159-171. [PMID: 32988224 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1822815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Standard high-throughput screening (HTS) assays rarely identify clinically viable 'hits', likely because cells do not experience physiologically realistic culture conditions. The biophysical nature of the extracellular matrix has emerged as a critical driver of cell function and response and recreating these factors could be critically important in streamlining the drug discovery pipeline. AREAS COVERED The authors review recent design strategies to understand and manipulate biophysical features of three-dimensional fibrous tissues. The effects of architectural parameters of the extracellular matrix and their resulting mechanical behaviors are deconstructed; and their individual and combined impact on cell behavior is examined. The authors then illustrate the potential impact of these physical features on designing next-generation platforms to identify drugs effective against breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION Progression toward increased culture complexity must be balanced against the demanding technical requirements for high-throughput screening; and strategies to identify the minimal set of microenvironmental parameters needed to recreate disease-relevant responses must be specifically tailored to the disease stage and organ system being studied. Although challenging, this can be achieved through integrative and multidisciplinary technologies that span microfabrication, cell biology, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Ort
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Wontae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Nikita Kalashnikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada.,Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
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Cao L, Yao M, Sasano H, Sun PL, Gao H. YAP increases response to Trastuzumab in HER2-positive Breast Cancer by enhancing P73-induced apoptosis. J Cancer 2020; 11:6748-6759. [PMID: 33046997 PMCID: PMC7545685 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the Yes-associated protein (YAP) in oncogenesis and progression of breast cancer remains controversial. Meanwhile, development of therapeutic resistance to trastuzumab, a common breast cancer treatment administered after chemotherapy, is a significant challenge in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. We, therefore, analyzed the role of YAP in trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive-breast carcinoma cells in vitro and evaluated the status of YAP and related proteins in patient-derived breast carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry. YAP expression was observed in both BT474-TS (trastuzumab-sensitive) and BT474-TR (trastuzumab-resistant) cells. Treatment with trastuzumab increased expression of nuclear-YAP (N-YAP) in BT474-TS cells, whereas BT474-TR cells showed a decrease in N-YAP expression following trastuzumab treatment. YAP silencing significantly reduced trastuzumab-induced inhibitory effects in BT474-TS cells. YAP-silenced cells also showed decreased apoptosis and significantly lower p73 levels following trastuzumab treatment. Combined protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor-trastuzumab treatment significantly inhibited BT474-TR cell proliferation, resulting in increased N-YAP and p73 expression, as well as apoptosis. In both paclitaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (TAC)-treated, and docetaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab (TCbH)-treated groups; the pathological complete response (pCR) ratios were inversely correlated with p-AKT status in biopsy specimens, while YAP and p73 status were positively correlated with the pCR ratio in the biopsy specimens of the TCbH group. Our results show that YAP is involved in trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast carcinoma cells and that YAP and AKT may be developed as prognostic markers of neoadjuvant trastuzumab therapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqing Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine and Tohoku University Hospital, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ping-Li Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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