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Mohammed S, Calvert C, O Mugisha J, Ronald M, Asiki G, R Glynn J, Oakley LL, Marston M. Association between breastfeeding duration and educational attainment in rural Southwest Uganda: a population-based cohort study. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2338023. [PMID: 38652548 PMCID: PMC11041517 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2338023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is important for early childhood nutrition and health. The positive effects on educational outcomes may be attributed to socioeconomic factors. Socioeconomic status is not a strong predictor of breastfeeding in sub-Saharan African countries. Yet, few studies have investigated the association between breastfeeding and educational outcomes in these countries. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between breastfeeding duration and children's educational attainment in rural Southwest Uganda. METHODS We analysed longitudinal data on 3018 children who had information on breastfeeding and were followed for at least 5 years, with at least one primary school grade recorded by 2005. Data on breastfeeding duration were collected from mothers. The highest school grade was recorded repeatedly between ages 6 and 12 years. We calculated age-for-grade based on whether a child was on, over, or under the official age for a grade. Generalised estimating equations and binary logistic regression estimated the effect of breastfeeding duration on being 2 years, 3 or more years, or any years over-age for grade in primary school, adjusting for socioeconomic status and maternal-child characteristics. RESULTS Most mothers breastfed for more than a year. Just over one-third breastfed for 18-23 months, and 30% breastfed for longer. By age eight, 42% of the children were two years over-age for their grade. Three or more years over-age for grade increased from 19% at age nine to 56% at age 12. Both adjusted and unadjusted estimates were consistent in showing reduced odds for children being 2 years, 3 or more years, or any years over-age for grade among children breastfed for 7-12, 13-17, 18-23, and > 23 months compared to those breastfed for 0-6 months. There was no evidence to support an overall association between breastfeeding duration and being over-age for grade. There was no evidence of association in the sex and age sub-group analyses. CONCLUSION Although we found no association between breastfeeding duration and educational attainment, breastfeeding remains important for children's health and nutrition, and mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed for the recommended duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsudeen Mohammed
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clara Calvert
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Makanga Ronald
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Uganda
| | - Judith R Glynn
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laura L Oakley
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milly Marston
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Shawahna R, Abdi A, Bani-Odeh D, Saleh R, Owiwi L, Maqboul I, Hijaz H, Jaber M. Breastmilk calcium concentrations in Palestinian lactating women. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1315-1321. [PMID: 38482983 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM Breastmilk calcium concentrations can vary between lactating women and over the lactation period. This study assessed breastmilk calcium concentrations among Palestinian lactating women. METHODS The demographic and dietary variables of the lactating women were collected using a questionnaire. The women provided a sample of about 5 mL of breastmilk using hand expression. Breastmilk calcium concentrations were quantified using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method. RESULTS Breastmilk samples were taken from 240 lactating women. The mean breastmilk calcium concentration was 285.4 ± 115.1 mg/L. Lower breastmilk calcium concentrations were associated with age, lactating period, unemployment, dissatisfaction with income and insufficient consumption of vitamins and minerals. CONCLUSION Breastmilk calcium concentrations were affected by demographic variables of the lactating women and insufficient consumption of vitamins and minerals. The findings reported in this study are informative to healthcare providers and decision makers who might be interested in improving the health of lactating women and their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- Clinical Research Center, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Aya Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Diana Bani-Odeh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rana Saleh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Lina Owiwi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Iyad Maqboul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Hatim Hijaz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Jaber
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
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Szyller H, Antosz K, Batko J, Mytych A, Dziedziak M, Wrześniewska M, Braksator J, Pytrus T. Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child's Health and Development, Literature Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1487. [PMID: 38794725 PMCID: PMC11124180 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The composition of human breast milk is an ideal combination of substances necessary for the healthy development of an infant's body while protecting from pathogens and the balanced development of the microbiota. Its composition is dynamic and changes with the age of the child, meeting their current needs. The study provides a thorough overview of human milk components, such as immunological components, growth factors, hormones, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. Authors focus on capturing the most important aspects of the effects of these substances on a newborn's body, while also looking for specific connections and describing the effects on given systems. Supplementation and the use of ingredients are also discussed. The purpose of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge about the bioactive components of human milk and their impact on the growth, development, and health of the young child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Szyller
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Antosz
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Joanna Batko
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Agata Mytych
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Marta Dziedziak
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Martyna Wrześniewska
- Student Scientific Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Joanna Braksator
- 2nd Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocalw, Poland; (J.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Pytrus
- 2nd Clinical Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocalw, Poland; (J.B.); (T.P.)
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Wang D, Shahab-Ferdows S, Lweno ON, Hampel D, Method B, Yelverton CA, Nguyen CH, Aboud S, Allen LH, Fawzi WW. The effects of prenatal and postnatal high-dose vitamin B-12 supplementation on human milk vitamin B-12: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:730-739. [PMID: 38432714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B-12 status in human milk (HM) has critical implications for infant growth and development. Few studies have separately evaluated the effects of prenatal and postnatal maternal high-dose vitamin B-12 supplementation on HM vitamin B-12 concentration. OBJECTIVES This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of prenatal and postnatal vitamin B-12 supplementation on HM vitamin B-12 at 6 wk and 7 mo postpartum. METHODS Pregnant women were enrolled in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between 2001 and 2004. From recruitment (12-27 weeks of gestation) through 6 wk postpartum, participants were randomly assigned to daily oral multiple micronutrient supplementation or placebo. From 6 wk to 18 mo postpartum, a subset of participants was randomly assigned to a postnatal supplement or placebo. The supplement included 50 μg/d of vitamin B-12 and various other vitamins. HM vitamin B-12 concentrations were analyzed at 6 wk and 7 mo postpartum for 412 participants. RESULTS The prevalence of HM vitamin B-12 of <310 pmol/L was 73.3% and 68.4% at 6 wk and 7 mo postpartum, respectively. Prenatal supplementation increased HM vitamin B-12 concentration (percent difference: 34.4; 95% CI: 17.0, 54.5; P < 0.001) at 6 wk; this effect was not present at 7 mo. Postnatal supplementation increased HM vitamin B-12 concentration (percent difference: 15.9; 95% CI: 1.91, 31.9; P = 0.025) at 7 mo. Effect modification between prenatal and postnatal supplementation on HM vitamin B-12 status at 7 mo was found, with the effects of prenatal and postnatal supplements more pronounced among those receiving control during the other period; the prenatal supplement had a greater effect with postnatal control, and the postnatal supplement had a greater effect with prenatal control. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal maternal vitamin B-12 supplementation has benefits on short-term HM status, and postnatal maternal vitamin B-12 supplementation has benefits on long-term HM status. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00197548. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00197548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Wang
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.
| | - Setareh Shahab-Ferdows
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Omar N Lweno
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Daniela Hampel
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Balama Method
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Cara A Yelverton
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christine H Nguyen
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Said Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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Petersohn I, Hellinga AH, van Lee L, Keukens N, Bont L, Hettinga KA, Feskens EJM, Brouwer-Brolsma EM. Maternal diet and human milk composition: an updated systematic review. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1320560. [PMID: 38352250 PMCID: PMC10862141 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1320560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months after birth provides infants with the best start for life. A review by Bravi et al. summarized the importance of maternal diet as a determinant of human milk composition based on data up to 2015, but evidence on nutrient intake level was limited. Objective We updated the review by Bravi et al., critically assessed differences in study designs and sampling methods, and graphically visualized trends and associations. Data sources PubMed was systematically searched for articles published between January 2015 and March 2021. Data extraction Article screening, selection, and data extraction was done by two independent researchers, including a risk of bias assessment based on 11 criteria. Articles were eligible when including: quantitative information, commonly used effect estimates, healthy mother-infant dyads. Results Twenty seven observational and five intervention studies were identified (n = 7,138) and combined with results of Bravi et al. Fatty acids were still the most studied human milk components in relation to maternal diet (n = 17 studies) with maternal fish intake being predominantly positively associated with milk ALA (r = 0.28-0.42), DHA (r = 0.24-0.46), and EPA (r = 0.25-0.28) content. PUFAs from diet were generally positively correlated with their concentrations in milk, while SFA intake was negatively associated with several fatty acids in milk. Studies on associations with maternal diet and milk carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals were limited in number and varied in methods and results. Conclusion This updated review shows that evidence on the association between maternal diet and human milk fatty acids is rapidly increasing, but still diversified in methodology and results. Further studies, preferably intervention studies, assessing diet and milk carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals are needed to be able draw conclusions on the importance of maternal diet for human milk composition as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Petersohn
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Ausnutria BV, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Anneke H. Hellinga
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole Keukens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Louis Bont
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- ReSViNET Foundation, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Kasper A. Hettinga
- Division of Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Jones KS, Meadows SR, Koulman A. Quantification and reporting of vitamin D concentrations measured in human milk by LC-MS/MS. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1229445. [PMID: 38035362 PMCID: PMC10687194 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1229445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for optimal bone health, and vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy, growth and developmental outcomes. In early life, and in the absence of endogenous vitamin D production from UVB light, infants are reliant on vitamin D stores established in utero and the vitamin D supply from human milk (HM). However, comprehensive data on vitamin D in HM is lacking. Thus, in this review we explore the application of liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to the assessment of vitamin D in HM. We discuss the challenges of extracting and measuring multiple vitamin D metabolites from HM including the frequent requirement for a large sample volume, and inappropriate poor sensitivity. Shortcomings in the reporting of experimental procedures and data analysis further hinder advances in the field. Data collated from all studies that have applied LC-MS/MS reveal that, in general, cholecalciferol concentration is greater and more variable than 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, and that the vitamin D content of HM is low and less than the currently recommended dietary requirement of infants, although maternal supplementation can increase the vitamin D content of HM. Improvements in analytical methods and their validation and larger, more representative studies are required to better characterize HM milk vitamin D metabolite concentrations and their relationship with maternal status. These data are essential to understand relationships with infant health and to inform public health policies around vitamin D fortification and supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry S. Jones
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Mohr AE, Senkus KE, McDermid JM, Berger PK, Perrin MT, Handu D. Human Milk Nutrient Composition Data is Critically Lacking in the United States and Canada: Results from a Systematic Scoping Review of 2017-2022. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1617-1632. [PMID: 37758059 PMCID: PMC10721511 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the nutrients in human milk is important to understand the dietary and developmental requirements of infants. The objective of this review was to summarize the state-of-the-science on the nutrient composition of human milk in the United States and Canada published from 2017 to 2022. Four databases were searched for randomized controlled studies and others given the scoping nature of this review. We limited type to mature milk collected 21 d postpartum and beyond from lactating individuals in the United States and Canada who gave birth at 37-wk gestation or later (full-term). Outcomes of interest included traditional macro- and micronutrients, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and milk volume. The publication date range was selected as January 1, 2017, to the day the literature search was performed. A total of 32 articles were included in the scoping review from primarily longitudinal cohort or cross-sectional designs. The most prevalent sample collection method was full-breast expression (n = 20) with most studies (n = 26) collecting samples from a single timepoint. Carbohydrates (HMOs [n = 12], glucose [n = 8], and lactose [n = 6]) and protein (n = 5) were the most frequently assessed nutrients in this body of work, with consensus among studies that glucose is present in limited concentrations compared to lactose (24-64 mg/dL compared with 6-7 g/dL) and that HMOs are influenced by temporality and secretor status. Included studies displayed an overall level of heterogeneity and sparsity paralleling previous reports and nutrient data in the USDA FoodData Central system. Much of the data extracted from retained articles generally provided analysis of a specific nutrient or group of nutrients. Moreover, many studies did not use the preferred analytical methods as outlined by the Human Milk Composition Initiative to increase measurement confidence. Up-to-date nutrient composition data of human milk is still greatly needed as it is paramount for the management of infant feeding, assessment of infant and maternal nutritional and health needs, and as a reference for infant formula development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Katelyn E Senkus
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | | | - Paige K Berger
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maryanne T Perrin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Deepa Handu
- Evidence Analysis Center, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, United States.
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8
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Bastos-Moreira Y, Ouédraogo L, De Boevre M, Argaw A, de Kok B, Hanley-Cook GT, Deng L, Ouédraogo M, Compaoré A, Tesfamariam K, Ganaba R, Huybregts L, Toe LC, Lachat C, Kolsteren P, De Saeger S, Dailey-Chwalibóg T. A Multi-Omics and Human Biomonitoring Approach to Assessing the Effectiveness of Fortified Balanced Energy-Protein Supplementation on Maternal and Newborn Health in Burkina Faso: A Study Protocol. Nutrients 2023; 15:4056. [PMID: 37764838 PMCID: PMC10535470 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fortified balanced energy-protein (BEP) supplementation is a promising intervention for improving maternal health, birth outcomes and infant growth in low- and middle-income countries. This nested biospecimen sub-study aimed to evaluate the physiological effect of multi-micronutrient-fortified BEP supplementation on pregnant and lactating women and their infants. Pregnant women (15-40 years) received either fortified BEP and iron-folic acid (IFA) (intervention) or IFA only (control) throughout pregnancy. The same women were concurrently randomized to receive either a fortified BEP supplement during the first 6 months postpartum in combination with IFA for the first 6 weeks (i.e., intervention) or the postnatal standard of care, which comprised IFA alone for 6 weeks postpartum (i.e., control). Biological specimens were collected at different timepoints. Multi-omics profiles will be characterized to assess the mediating effect of BEP supplementation on the different trial arms and its effect on maternal health, as well as birth and infant growth outcomes. The mediating effect of the exposome in the relationship between BEP supplementation and maternal health, birth outcomes and infant growth were characterized via biomonitoring markers of air pollution, mycotoxins and environmental contaminants. The results will provide holistic insight into the granular physiological effects of prenatal and postnatal BEP supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Bastos-Moreira
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, MYTOXSOUTH Coordination Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Lionel Ouédraogo
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 390, Burkina Faso
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, MYTOXSOUTH Coordination Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Alemayehu Argaw
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Brenda de Kok
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Giles T. Hanley-Cook
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Lishi Deng
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Moctar Ouédraogo
- Agence de Formation de Recherche et d’Expertise en Santé pour l’Afrique (AFRICSanté), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 298, Burkina Faso; (M.O.); (A.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Anderson Compaoré
- Agence de Formation de Recherche et d’Expertise en Santé pour l’Afrique (AFRICSanté), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 298, Burkina Faso; (M.O.); (A.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Kokeb Tesfamariam
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Rasmané Ganaba
- Agence de Formation de Recherche et d’Expertise en Santé pour l’Afrique (AFRICSanté), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 298, Burkina Faso; (M.O.); (A.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Lieven Huybregts
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
- Nutrition, Diets, and Health Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition Policy, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Laeticia Celine Toe
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
- Unité Nutrition et Maladies Métaboliques, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, MYTOXSOUTH Coordination Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
| | - Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.O.); (A.A.); (B.d.K.); (G.T.H.-C.); (L.D.); (K.T.); (L.H.); (L.C.T.); (C.L.); (P.K.)
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9
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Wijenayake S, Martz J, Lapp HE, Storm JA, Champagne FA, Kentner AC. The contributions of parental lactation on offspring development: It's not udder nonsense! Horm Behav 2023; 153:105375. [PMID: 37269591 PMCID: PMC10351876 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis describes how maternal stress exposures experienced during critical periods of perinatal life are linked to altered developmental trajectories in offspring. Perinatal stress also induces changes in lactogenesis, milk volume, maternal care, and the nutritive and non-nutritive components of milk, affecting short and long-term developmental outcomes in offspring. For instance, selective early life stressors shape the contents of milk, including macro/micronutrients, immune components, microbiota, enzymes, hormones, milk-derived extracellular vesicles, and milk microRNAs. In this review, we highlight the contributions of parental lactation to offspring development by examining changes in the composition of breast milk in response to three well-characterized maternal stressors: nutritive stress, immune stress, and psychological stress. We discuss recent findings in human, animal, and in vitro models, their clinical relevance, study limitations, and potential therapeutic significance to improving human health and infant survival. We also discuss the benefits of enrichment methods and support tools that can be used to improve milk quality and volume as well as related developmental outcomes in offspring. Lastly, we use evidence-based primary literature to convey that even though select maternal stressors may modulate lactation biology (by influencing milk composition) depending on the severity and length of exposure, exclusive and/or prolonged milk feeding may attenuate the negative in utero effects of early life stressors and promote healthy developmental trajectories. Overall, scientific evidence supports lactation to be protective against nutritive and immune stressors, but the benefits of lactation in response to psychological stressors need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoji Wijenayake
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Julia Martz
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Deparment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jasmyne A Storm
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Fuse Y, Ogawa H, Tsukahara Y, Fuse Y, Ito Y, Shishiba Y, Irie M. Iodine Metabolism and Thyroid Function During the Perinatal Period: Maternal-Neonatal Correlation and Effects of Topical Povidone-Iodine Skin Disinfectants. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2685-2700. [PMID: 35931927 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An adequate maternal iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation is essential for growth and mental development in fetuses and newborns. There are limited data on perinatal iodine metabolism in mothers and infants, as well as the effect of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) antiseptics used in cesarean delivery. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum iodine, thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) were measured consecutively in a total of 327 mothers and 249 term-infants in two prospective studies. The maternal median UIC was 164 μg/L in the third trimester, increased to 256 μg/L at 44 h after birth, and then decreased to 116 μg/L 1 month later. The BMIC on the 4th and 32th postpartum days was 17.6 and 13.5 μg/100 g, respectively. In neonatal infants born to the mothers unexposed to PVP-I, the median UIC was 131 μg/L in the first voiding urine and increased to 272 μg/L on day 4 and then slightly decreased to 265 μg/L on day 28 suggesting sufficient iodine reserve at birth. PVP-I antiseptics containing 1 g of iodine for skin preparation at cesarean delivery transiently increased maternal serum iodine concentration (1.9-fold), UIC (7.8-fold) at 41 h after surgery and BMIC, while it had little effect on maternal TSH, FT4, and neonatal UIC, TSH, or FT4. The iodine status of pregnant women and their infants was adequate in this population; however, the UIC in lactating mothers at one postpartum month was low enough to suggest iodine deficiency or near iodine deficiency. Further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozen Fuse
- Foundation for Growth Science, Research Committee On Iodine Related Health Problems, 5-1-16 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Ogawa
- Ogawa Clinic, 29 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 2440813, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tsukahara
- Nakamachidai Ladies Clinic, 3-7-1 Nakamachidai, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, 2240041, Japan
| | - Yoji Fuse
- Nakamachidai Ladies Clinic, 3-7-1 Nakamachidai, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, 2240041, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- The Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, 664-1, Akebonochou, Kitami, Hokkaido, 0900011, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Shishiba
- Foundation for Growth Science, Research Committee On Iodine Related Health Problems, 5-1-16 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
| | - Minoru Irie
- Foundation for Growth Science, Research Committee On Iodine Related Health Problems, 5-1-16 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
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11
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Rios-Leyvraz M, Yao Q. Calcium, zinc, and vitamin D in breast milk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:27. [PMID: 37264448 PMCID: PMC10233556 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global estimates of calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breastmilk are lacking. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the calcium, zinc, and vitamin D content in breast milk. METHODS A systematic search of the online databases Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL was conducted in November 2022 and complemented by searches of the African Journals Online database and the LILACS database, and reference lists. Studies reporting the calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breast milk of apparently healthy mothers and infants were included. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted. The effect of influencing factors were investigated with sub-group analyses and meta-regressions. RESULTS A total of 154 studies reporting on breast milk calcium were identified, with a mean calcium concentration in breast milk of 261 mg/L (95% CI: 238, 284). Calcium concentration was influenced by maternal health and decreased linearly over the duration of lactation. Calcium concentration at a specific time during lactation could be estimated with the equation: calcium concentration [mg/L] = 282 - 0.2331 ✕ number of days since birth. A total of 242 studies reporting on breast milk zinc were identified, with a mean zinc concentration of 2.57 mg/L (95% CI: 2.50, 2.65). Zinc concentration was influenced by several factors, such as maternal age, gestational age, and maternal diet. Zinc concentration started high in the first weeks post-partum followed by a rapid decrease over the first months. Zinc concentration at a specific time during lactation could be estimated with the equation: zinc concentration [mg/L] = 6 + 0.0005 ✕ days - 2.0266 ✕ log(days). A total of 43 studies reporting on breast milk vitamin D were identified, with a mean total antirachitic activity of breast milk of 58 IU/L (95% CI: 45, 70), which consisted mostly of 25OHD3, and smaller amounts of vitamin D3, 25OHD2 and vitamin D2. Vitamin D concentration showed wide variations between studies and was influenced by vitamin D supplementation, continent and season. CONCLUSIONS This review provides global estimates of calcium, zinc and vitamin D content in breast milk, as well as indications on changes over time and depending on influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Rios-Leyvraz
- Consultant, Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Qisi Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA
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12
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Saeed A, Yasmin A, Baig M, Ahmed MA, Farooqi ZUR. Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 isolated from human milk reduce chemokine IL-8 production in response to TNF-α in Caco-2 cell line, an exploratory study. Cytokine 2023; 168:156232. [PMID: 37224578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Streptococci are a predominant genera of the human milk microbiome. Among different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) a few Streptococcal strains are also considered as probiotics. Probiotic bacteria are reported to modulate immunity when consumed in adequate amount and bacterial hydrophobicity can be considered as a preliminary experiment for the adhesive capability of probiotic bacteria to the epithelial cells. The present study aimed to investigate the probiotic, hydrophobic and immune modulation property of Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620, isolated from human milk. S. lactarius MB622 and S. salivarius MB620 displayed higher hydrophobicity (78 % and 59 % respectively) in addition to intrinsic probiotic properties such as gram positive classification, catalase negative activity, resistance to artificially stimulated gastric juice and gastrointestinal bile salt concentration. In conclusion Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 isolated from human milk when administered in sufficient amount and for certain duration could be used to reduce inflammation inside the colon by reducing the production of inflammatory booster (IL-8) in diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saeed
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Baig
- Surgical Unit II, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan
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13
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Baumgartel K, Stevens M, Vijayakumar N, Saint Fleur A, Prescott S, Groer M. The Human Milk Metabolome: A Scoping Literature Review. J Hum Lact 2023; 39:255-277. [PMID: 36924445 DOI: 10.1177/08903344231156449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk is a complex source of nutrition and other bioactives that protects infants from disease, holding a lifetime of beneficial effects. The field of metabolomics provides a robust platform through which we can better understand human milk at a level rarely examined. RESEARCH AIM To Identify, describe, synthesize, and critically analyze the literature within the past 5 years related to the human milk metabolome. METHODS We conducted a scoping literature review and quality analysis of the recent science reflecting untargeted metabolomic approaches to examining human milk. We searched six databases using the terms "breast milk," "metabolome," "metabolite," and "human milk," Out of more than 1,069 abstracts, we screened and identified 22 articles that met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS We extracted data related to the study author, geographic location, research design, analyses, platform used, and results. We also extracted data related to human milk research activities, including collection protocol, infant/maternal considerations, and time. Selected studies focused on a variety of phenotypes, including maternal and infant disease. Investigators used varying approaches to evaluate the metabolome, and differing milk collection protocols were observed. CONCLUSION The human milk metabolome is informed by many factors-which may contribute to infant health outcomes-that have resulted in disparate milk metabolomic profiles. Standardized milk collection and storage procedures should be implemented to minimize degradation. Investigators may use our findings to develop research questions that test a targeted metabolomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Stevens
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nisha Vijayakumar
- School of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Maureen Groer
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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14
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Kaya Ö, Çınar N. The effects of freezing and thawing on mature human milk's contains: A systematic review. Midwifery 2023; 118:103519. [PMID: 36641969 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review on the effects of freezing and thawing mature human milk at -18 to -20°C for different periods of time on the macronutrients, micronutrients and bioactive content of milk. DESIGN Before starting the research, the study protocol was recorded in the 'PROSPERO' database. Eleven databases were searched, and eight studies were included in this review. The articles were published between January 2010 and June 2020. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS Total protein content increased when milk was frozen for 2 days, but this decreased significantly when milk was frozen for >1 week. Total carbohydrate content also increased when milk was frozen for 2 days, and no significant change was observed when milk was frozen for >1 week. Energy content decreased when milk was frozen for >8 weeks. Total fat content decreased as the freezing period of milk increased, and total free fatty acid content increased. Thirty days of freezing led to a non-significant decrease in the vitamin E content of milk. Freezing did not lead to changes in immunological factors in human milk, but decreases in glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant capacity and lactoferrin were observed. KEY CONCLUSIONS In order to maintain the nutritional and immunological properties of human milk after freezing and thawing, families, especially mothers, should be informed about the effects of storing milk this way. After expressing milk, it is recommended that the date should be written on the freezer bag, so that milk is frozen for a shorter period of time before use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kaya
- Sakarya University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Nursan Çınar
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
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15
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[Variation in the level of the biocomponents immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin in human milk after Holder pasteurization]. NUTR HOSP 2023. [PMID: 36748426 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND breast milk is the ideal food for newborns and infants, but there are factors that can prevent the practice of breastfeeding. Human milk banks (BLH) are a strategy to increase breastfeeding coverage; the donated milk is subjected to Holder pasteurization to guarantee its innocuousness, undergoing large changes in temperature and a decrease in the concentrations of biocomponents such as Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and lactoferrin (LF). This article describes the results of recent studies on the impact of Holder pasteurization on IgA and LF in human milk. MATERIAL AND METHODS a search for research articles related to the topic of interest was carried out in various databases and in accordance with inclusion criteria that considered the type of study, date of publication and quality of the journal. RESULTS the impact of Holder pasteurization on IgA and LF concentrations is not clear, given that the literature reports a variety of protocols and different results; however, the percentage reductions of both biocomponents are significant and consistent in the studies reviewed, suggesting the importance of establishing a standard protocol for their quantification. CONCLUSIONS Holder pasteurization guarantees the microbiological quality of the milk distributed in HMB, but affects the amount of beneficial biocomponents for the final recipient. Government entities that regulate HMBs should evaluate the possibility of using other techniques that reduce the impact on biocomponents while preserving the microbiological quality of the product.
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16
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Walker RE, Harvatine KJ, Ross AC, Wagner EA, Riddle SW, Gernand AD, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Fatty Acid Transfer from Blood to Milk Is Disrupted in Mothers with Low Milk Production, Obesity, and Inflammation. J Nutr 2023; 152:2716-2726. [PMID: 36208911 PMCID: PMC9840005 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and is a risk factor for insufficient milk production. Inflammation-mediated suppression of LPL could inhibit mammary uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs; >16 carbons). OBJECTIVES In an ancillary case-control analysis, we investigated whether women with low milk production despite regular breast emptying have elevated inflammation and disrupted transfer of LCFAs from plasma into milk. METHODS Data and specimens from a low milk supply study and an exclusively breastfeeding control group were analyzed, with milk production measured by 24-h test-weighing at 2-10 wk postpartum. Low milk supply groups were defined as very low (VL; <300 mL/d; n = 23) or moderate (MOD; ≥300 mL/d; n = 20) milk production, and compared with controls (≥699 mL/d; n = 18). Serum and milk fatty acids (weight% of total) were measured by GC, serum and milk TNF-α by ELISA, and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) by clinical analyzer. Group differences were assessed by linear regression models, chi-square exact tests, and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests. RESULTS VL cases, as compared with MOD cases and controls, had higher prevalence of elevated serum hsCRP (>5 mg/L; 57%, 15%, and 22%, respectively; P = 0.004), detectable milk TNF-α (67%, 32%, and 33%, respectively; P = 0.04), and obesity (78%, 40%, and 22%, respectively; P = 0.003). VL cases had lower mean ± SD LCFAs in milk (60% ± 3%) than MOD cases (65% ± 4%) and controls (66% ± 5%) (P < 0.001). Milk and serum LCFAs were strongly correlated in controls (r = 0.82, P < 0.001), but not in the MOD (r = 0.25, P = 0.30) or VL (r = 0.20, P = 0.41) groups (Pint < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mothers with very low milk production have significantly higher obesity and inflammatory biomarkers, lower LCFAs in milk, and disrupted association between plasma and milk LCFAs. These data support the hypothesis that inflammation disrupts normal mammary gland fatty acid uptake. Further research should address impacts of inflammation and obesity on mammary fatty acid uptake for milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Walker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erin A Wagner
- College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sarah W Riddle
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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17
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Fatty acid transfer from blood to milk is disrupted in mothers with low milk production, obesity, and inflammation. J Nutr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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18
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Merlino Barr S, Groh-Wargo S. Targeted fortification with human milk analysis: An opportunity for innovation. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27:101392. [PMID: 36137922 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human milk's variable macronutrient composition is a necessary consideration when caring for very low birthweight infants. Targeted fortification is the practice of fortifying human milk using its known composition from human milk analysis, rather than its assumed macronutrient values. Utilization of human milk analyzers to measure the protein, fat, lactose, and energy composition within human milk samples has allowed the translation of this practice into the clinical setting. This review discusses the rationale of why targeted fortification is an important practice, what barriers exist in its implementation in the clinical setting, and what research gaps remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Merlino Barr
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Sharon Groh-Wargo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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19
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Chen H, Yi B, Qiao Y, Peng K, Zhang J, Li J, Zheng KW, Ning P, Li W. Diversity-scaling analysis of human breast milk microbiomes from population perspective. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:940412. [PMID: 36225365 PMCID: PMC9549050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.940412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative measuring the population-level diversity-scaling of human microbiomes is different from conventional approach to traditional individual-level diversity analysis, and it is of obvious significance. For example, it is well known that individuals are of significant heterogeneity with their microbiome diversities, and the population-level analysis can effectively capture such kind of individual differences. Here we reanalyze a dozen datasets of 2,115 human breast milk microbiome (BMM) samples with diversity-area relationship (DAR) to tackle the previous questions. Our focus on BMM is aimed to offer insights for supplementing the gut microbiome research from nutritional perspective. DAR is an extension to classic species-area relationship, which was discovered in the 19th century and established as one of a handful fundamental laws in community ecology. Our DAR modeling revealed the following numbers, all approximately: (i) The population-level potential diversity of BMM is 1,108 in terms of species richness (number of total species), and 67 in terms of typical species. (ii) On average, an individual carry 17% of population-level diversity in terms of species richness, and 61% in terms of typical species. (iii) The similarity (overlap) between individuals according to pair-wise diversity overlap (PDO) should be approximately 76% in terms of total species, and 92% in terms of typical species, which symbolizes the inter-individual heterogeneity. (iv) The average individual (alpha-) diversity of BMM is approximately 188 (total-species) and 37 (typical-species). (v) To deal with the potential difference among 12 BMM datasets, we conducted DAR modeling separately for each dataset, and then performed permutation tests for DAR parameters. It was found that the DAR scaling parameter that measures inter-individual heterogeneity in diversity is invariant (constant), but the population potential diversity is different among 30% of the pair-wise comparison between 12 BMM datasets. These results offer comprehensive biodiversity analyses of the BMM from host individual, inter-individual, and population level perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Chen
- College of Mathematics, Honghe University, Mengzi, China
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Yi
- College of Mathematics, Honghe University, Mengzi, China
| | - Yuting Qiao
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kunbao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Physiatrics Medicine, Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- The Yunnan Red-Cross Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Kun-Wen Zheng,
| | - Ping Ning
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Ping Ning,
| | - Wendy Li
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
- *Correspondence: Wendy Li,
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20
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Ahuja JKC, Casavale KO, Li Y, Hopperton KE, Chakrabarti S, Hines EP, Brooks SPJ, Bondy GS, MacFarlane AJ, Weiler HA, Wu X, Borghese MM, Ahluwalia N, Cheung W, Vargas AJ, Arteaga S, Lombo T, Fisher MM, Hayward D, Pehrsson PR. Perspective: Human Milk Composition and Related Data for National Health and Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2098-2114. [PMID: 36084013 PMCID: PMC9776678 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
National health and nutrition monitoring is an important federal effort in the United States and Canada, and the basis for many of their nutrition and health policies. Understanding of child exposures through human milk (HM) remains out of reach due to lack of current and representative data on HM's composition and intake volume. This article provides an overview of the current national health and nutrition monitoring activities for HM-fed children, HM composition (HMC) and volume data used for exposure assessment, categories of potential measures in HM, and associated variability factors. In this Perspective, we advocate for a framework for collection and reporting of HMC data for national health and nutrition monitoring and programmatic needs, including a shared vision for a publicly available Human Milk Composition Data Repository (HMCD-R) to include essential metadata associated with HMC. HMCD-R can provide a central, integrated platform for researchers and public health officials for compiling, evaluating, and sharing HMC data. The compiled compositional and metadata in HMCD-R would provide pertinent measures of central tendency and variability and allow use of modeling techniques to approximate compositional profiles for subgroups, providing more accurate exposure assessments for purposes of monitoring and surveillance. HMC and related metadata could facilitate understanding the complexity and variability of HM composition, provide crucial data for assessment of infant and maternal nutritional needs, and inform public health policies, food and nutrition programs, and clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet K C Ahuja
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.
| | - Kellie O Casavale
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hopperton
- Nutrition Premarket Assessment Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Nutrition Premarket Assessment Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin P Hines
- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen P J Brooks
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Genevieve S Bondy
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda J MacFarlane
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xianli Wu
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael M Borghese
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Namanjeet Ahluwalia
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Winnie Cheung
- Nutrition Premarket Assessment Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley J Vargas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Arteaga
- Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tania Lombo
- Maternal Adolescent Pediatric Research Branch, Prevention Science Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mandy M Fisher
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Hayward
- Nutrition Premarket Assessment Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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21
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Diana A, Rahmannia S, Suhadi YZ, Luftimas DE, Rizqi H, Purnamasari AD, Jihadillah A, Ansari MB, Haq DAZ, Pratiwi AN, Scott S, Hampel D, Allen LH, Haszard JJ, Houghton LA, Gibson RS, Fahmida U. Chicken liver and eggshell crackers as a safe and affordable animal source food for overcoming micronutrient deficits during pregnancy and lactation in Indonesia: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial (SISTIK Growth Study). Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:167. [PMID: 35865219 PMCID: PMC9270652 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17879.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Indonesia ranks fifth in terms of the number of stunted children and there has been little change in the stunting prevalence in the last decade. In earlier observational studies conducted in 2014-2015, we identified several key underlying problems with the potential to impact stunting in Sumedang district, West Java, Indonesia. Deficits in intakes of growth-limiting micronutrients were observed, most notably calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin A, emphasizing the need for a food-based intervention to overcome these micronutrient deficits in the diets of mothers and their infants. Methods: A double-blind placebo-controlled cluster randomised trial comparing the effect of daily consumption of 75 grams of locally produced micronutrient-enriched crackers (MEC) (intervention group) compared to placebo crackers (control group) by mothers at two-time intervals: (i) from the 8-14 weeks of pregnancy to delivery (i.e., 28-34 weeks of consumption of MEC) on birth length, and (ii) from the 8-14 weeks of pregnancy to 5 months post-partum on attained linear growth and linear growth velocity of breast-fed infants. A total of 324 pregnant women from 28 clusters (villages) located in 3 sub-districts in Sumedang district, West Java, Indonesia, will be randomly assigned to either intervention (n=14 villages) or control (n=14 villages). Discussion: This will be the first study in Indonesia to use crackers based on powdered eggshells and chicken liver, in a form which is acceptable, safe, and has a long shelf life. If daily consumption of MEC for 6 months during pregnancy can enhance birth length, or their continued daily consumption for 5 months postpartum improves both attained and incremental linear growth at 5 months of age, then scaling-up in Indonesia may be considered. Trial Registration:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04564222; 25
th September 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Diana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
- Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 13120, Indonesia
| | - Sofa Rahmannia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, 40117, Indonesia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Yenni Zuhairini Suhadi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Dimas Erlangga Luftimas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Haidar Rizqi
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Afini Dwi Purnamasari
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Ayunda Jihadillah
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Brachim Ansari
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Dearly Ayu Zahrotun Haq
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Aisyah Nur Pratiwi
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Samuel Scott
- Poverty Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Poverty Health and Nutrition Division, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Daniela Hampel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, 95616, USA
- USDA, ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, 95616, USA
- USDA, ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jillian J Haszard
- Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lisa A Houghton
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Rosalind S Gibson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Umi Fahmida
- Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (SEAMEO RECFON), Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 13120, Indonesia
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22
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Pekou A, Manousi N, Zachariadis GA. Multielemental Method for Maternal Breast Milk Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Acid Digestion. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pekou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George A. Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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23
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Covaciu F, Feher I, Molnar C, Floare-Avram V, Dehelean A. Characterization of the Fatty Acid and Elemental Composition of Human Milk with Chemometric Processing to Determine the Nutritional Value. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2081857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F.D. Covaciu
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - I. Feher
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C. Molnar
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - V. Floare-Avram
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A. Dehelean
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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24
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Andersson M, Braegger CP. The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:469-506. [PMID: 35552681 PMCID: PMC9113141 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is a micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency or excess may alter the thyroid hormone synthesis. The potential effects on infant development depend on the degree, timing, and duration of exposure. The iodine requirement is particularly high during infancy because of elevated thyroid hormone turnover. Breastfed infants rely on iodine provided by human milk, but the iodine concentration in breast milk is determined by the maternal iodine intake. Diets in many countries cannot provide sufficient iodine, and deficiency is prevented by iodine fortification of salt. However, the coverage of iodized salt varies between countries. Epidemiological data suggest large differences in the iodine intake in lactating women, infants, and toddlers worldwide, ranging from deficient to excessive intake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of iodine nutrition and its association with thyroid function in lactating women, infants, and toddlers. We discuss risk factors for iodine malnutrition and the impact of targeted intervention strategies on these vulnerable population groups. We highlight the importance of appropriate definitions of optimal iodine nutrition and the need for more data assessing the risk of mild iodine deficiency for thyroid disorders during the first 2 years in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andersson
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian P Braegger
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Londhe D, Chinchalkar S, Chiluveri AC, Kumar S, Chiluveri SK. Noxious Alterations in Human Milk: An Ayurveda Perspective. J Hum Lact 2022; 38:332-338. [PMID: 34311623 DOI: 10.1177/08903344211032130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Londhe
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shital Chinchalkar
- G.S. Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital Hapur, Ghazibad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwin C Chiluveri
- Research Officer (Ayurveda), Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobhit Kumar
- Research Officer (Ayurveda), Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha K Chiluveri
- Research Officer (Ayurveda), Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, New Delhi, India
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26
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Almeida CC, Baião DDS, Rodrigues PDA, Saint'Pierre TD, Hauser-Davis RA, Leandro KC, Paschoalin VMF, da Costa MP, Conte-Junior CA. Macrominerals and Trace Minerals in Commercial Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Compliance With Established Minimum and Maximum Requirements, Label Statements, and Estimated Daily Intake. Front Nutr 2022; 9:857698. [PMID: 35571960 PMCID: PMC9096439 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant formulas are the main nutritional source for infants when breastfeeding is not possible or recommended. The daily need for specific nutrients, such as essential minerals, in early stages of a child's life is high because of rapid infant growth and development, which impose metabolic flux increases on these pathways to support growth, physical activity, and defense against infections. In this context, this research aimed to determine macromineral and trace mineral contents in starting (phase 1) and follow-up (phase 2) infant formulas marketed in Brazil (n = 30) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, calculate estimated daily intakes, and compare them to reference values regarding adequate intake and tolerable upper intake levels. The highest concentrations of macrominerals were observed in Ca, K, P, and Na, and trace minerals in Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu. Certain homogeneity only to trace mineral contents was observed when analyzing inter-batch values from same manufacturers. In general, all phase 1 and phase 2 infant formula brands and batches met or exceeded Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, and Se contents when compared to maximum limits established by Codex Alimentarius. In addition, Zn contents in eight phase 1 and in four phase 2 infant formulas were above the contents established by the tolerable upper intake level for children aged 0–6 and/or 7–12 months, respectively. These findings highlight the need to expand regular infant formula inspection concerning nutritional quality, as some composition aspects of these foods must be improved to follow international guidelines, since ideal requirements for infant formula composition, quality, and safety interfere in child development and adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Couto Almeida
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego dos Santos Baião
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Christina Leandro
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Studies in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Studies in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marion Pereira da Costa
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratory of Inspection and Technology of Milk and Derivatives (LaITLácteos), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Studies in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Studies in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
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27
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Kontopodi E, Hettinga K, Stahl B, van Goudoever JB, M van Elburg R. Testing the effects of processing on donor human Milk: Analytical methods. Food Chem 2022; 373:131413. [PMID: 34700038 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Holder pasteurization is the current recommended method for donor human milk treatment. This method effectively eliminates most life-threatening contaminants in donor milk, but it also greatly reduces some of its biological properties. Consequently, there is a growing interest for developing novel processing methods that can ensure both microbial inactivation and a higher retention of the functional components of donor milk. Our aim was to offer a comprehensive overview of the analytical techniques available for the evaluation of such methods. To suggest an efficient workflow for the analysis of processed donor milk, a safety analytical panel as well as a nutritional value and functionality analytical panel are discussed, together with the principles, benefits, and drawbacks of the available techniques. Concluding on the suitability of a novel method requires a multifactorial approach which can be achieved by a combination of analytical targets and by using complementary assays to cross-validate the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kontopodi
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Human Milk Bank, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands.
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Human Milk Bank, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruurd M van Elburg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Human Milk Bank, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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28
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Young BE, Westcott J, Kemp J, Allen L, Hampel D, Garcés AL, Figueroa L, Goudar SS, Dhaded SM, Somannavar M, Saleem S, Ali SA, Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. B-Vitamins and Choline in Human Milk Are Not Impacted by a Preconception Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement, but Differ Among Three Low-to-Middle Income Settings-Findings From the Women First Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 8:750680. [PMID: 35004801 PMCID: PMC8733746 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.750680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Optimal human milk (HM) B-vitamin concentrations remain undefined, especially in areas where undernutrition is prevalent. The impact of supplementation pre-conception through pregnancy on HM B-vitamin composition remains unknown. Methods: Human milk (HM) was collected at 2-weeks postpartum from 200 women in Guatemala, India, and Pakistan (the Women First Trial). The women were randomized to start a lipid-based nutrient supplement before conception, at end of the first trimester, or not at all; intervention continued until delivery. HM concentrations of eight B-vitamins and choline were assessed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Maternal diet was assessed in early pregnancy, and infant growth followed through 6 months post-delivery. Results: Despite supplement exposure averaging 15.7 (pre-conception arm) and 6.0 months (prenatal arm), HM B-vitamins did not differ between arms, but site differences were evident. Guatemala had higher HM concentrations of vitamin B3 than Pakistan and India. Pakistan had higher HM concentrations of thiamin and vitamin B6 than India and Guatemala. Cohort average HM vitamin B2 (162 ± 79 μg/L) and B6 (31.8 ± 24.6 μg/L) fell below values defined as deficient in 81.5 and 85.5% of samples, potentially reflecting sampling procedures and timing. Maternal dietary intakes of only vitamin B6 and choline were associated with the corresponding concentrations in HM (p < 0.005). No HM B-vitamin concentrations were associated with infant growth. Conclusion: Prenatal supplementation for at least 6 months had no impact on HM B-vitamin concentrations at 2-weeks postpartum. Results suggest that the adequacy of HM composition was generally maintained, with potential exceptions of vitamin B2 and B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E Young
- Department of Pediatrics Allergy and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jamie Westcott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer Kemp
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lindsay Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Hampel
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ana L Garcés
- Department of Maternal and Newborn Health, Institute of Nutrition in Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Lester Figueroa
- Department of Maternal and Newborn Health, Institute of Nutrition in Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Shivaprasad S Goudar
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research's, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, India
| | - Sangappa M Dhaded
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research's, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, India
| | - Manjunath Somannavar
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research's, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, India
| | - Sarah Saleem
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Aziz Ali
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - K Michael Hambidge
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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29
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Allen LH, Hampel D, Shahab-Ferdows S, Andersson M, Barros E, Doel AM, Eriksen KG, Christensen SH, Islam M, Kac G, Keya FK, Michaelsen KF, de Barros Mucci D, Njie F, Peerson JM, Moore SE. The Mothers, Infants, and Lactation Quality (MILQ) Study: A Multi-Center Collaboration. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab116. [PMID: 34712893 PMCID: PMC8546155 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Little valid information is available on human milk nutrient concentrations, especially for micronutrients (MNs), and there are no valid reference values (RVs) across lactation. In this multi-center collaborative study, RVs will be established for human milk nutrients across the first 8.5 mo postpartum. Well-nourished, unsupplemented women in Bangladesh, Brazil, Denmark, and The Gambia (n = 250/site) were recruited during the third trimester of pregnancy. Milk, blood, saliva, urine, and stool samples from mothers and their infants are collected identically at 3 visits (1-3.49, 3.5-5.99, 6.0-8.49 mo postpartum). Milk analyses include macronutrients, selected vitamins, trace elements and minerals, iodine, metabolomics, amino acids, human milk oligosaccharides, and bioactive peptides. We measure milk volume; maternal and infant diets, anthropometry, and morbidity; infant development, maternal genome, and the infant and maternal microbiome. RVs will be constructed based on methods for the WHO Child Growth Standards and the Intergrowth-21st Project. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT03254329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay H Allen
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Hampel
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Setareh Shahab-Ferdows
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Andersson
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erica Barros
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Kamilla Gehrt Eriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Munirul Islam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Farhana Khanam Keya
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Fanta Njie
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia, West Africa
| | - Janet M Peerson
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia, West Africa
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Optimization of a human milk-directed quantitative sIgA ELISA method substantiated by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5037-5049. [PMID: 34169348 PMCID: PMC8405464 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are the primary protective products in human milk and are responsible for transferring maternal pathogen memory to the infant, providing protection by binding to recognized pathogens and inhibiting virulence. To better understand potentially protective/anti-infective compounds in human milk, the establishment of human milk–tailored analytical approaches is crucial, as most contemporary analytical methods have been optimized for plasma or serum. One of the most prominent immunoglobulins in human milk is secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which may be relevant for the protection of breastfed infants from harmful pathogens. Advanced sIgA detection methods can help monitor the immune status and development of the mother-infant dyad. We therefore developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sIgA method for the quantitative analysis of IgA plus secretory component (SC), validated with sIgA standards and substantiated by mass spectrometry (MS)–based proteomics. A very strong correlation was observed between the MS-detected IgA1 and the human milk–specific sIgA ELISA (r = 0.82). Overall, the MS data indicate that the developed human milk sIgA ELISA does not differentiate between sIgA1 and sIgA2 and is, therefore, a reflection of total sIgA. Furthermore, our MS data and the human milk–derived sIgA ELISA data are better correlated than data derived from a standard serum IgA ELISA kit (relative to MS IgA1 r = 0.82 and r = 0.42, respectively). We therefore propose our human milk–specific sIgA ELISA as an ideal quantitative indicator of total sIgA with advantages over current serum IgA ELISA kits.
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Yamabe S, Tsuchida N, Yamazaki S. How is vitamin B1 oxidized to thiochrome? Elementary processes revealed by a DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4529-4536. [PMID: 33929469 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00677k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation reaction of thiamine (vitamin B1) to thiochrome was investigated by DFT calculations. Three reaction systems, [A] thiamine + methyl peroxy radical + (H2O)8, [B] thiamine + cyanogen bromide + HO-(H2O)8 and [C] thiamine + mercury(ii) chloride + HO-(H2O)8, were investigated. wB97X-D/6-311+G** for [A] and [B] and wB97X-D/SDD&6-311(+)G** for [C] geometry optimizations were carried out with the solvent effect (water). The effect is of the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) with the polarizable continuum model (PCM). In [A], the H3C-O2˙ adduct of thiamine undergoes simultaneous cleavage of the C-H and O-O bonds, leading to a very stable 2(3H)-thiazolone intermediate. The same intermediate was obtained after the cleavage of the C-H and O-H bonds of the HO adduct of thiamine in [B] and [C]. After the formation of the key intermediate, the N-protonated thiochrome was afforded via three steps. In reflection of the water-soluble character of vitamin B1, proton transfers along hydrogen bonds of the water cluster enhance those steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yamabe
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan.
| | - Noriko Tsuchida
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan.
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Dubascoux S, Richoz Payot J, Sylvain P, Nicolas M, Campos Gimenez E. Vitamin B12 quantification in human milk - Beyond current limitations using liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma - Mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 362:130197. [PMID: 34087716 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 plays a key role in human biological functions and is vital in the neurological development of infants. The assessment of the vitamin B12 intake in exclusively breastfed babies depends on the reliability of its determination in milk. In this report, we present a new accurate and robust method for quantification of vitamin B12 in human milk. A highly specific sample preparation is applied, associated with chromatographic separation and detection by ICP-MS. Excellent sensitivity and accuracy are reported, with recovery values well within acceptability limits (80-120%), within- and between-day variability are lower than 10% and 15% respectively. Strong correlation with a microbiological assay was observed (r2 = 0.9) within the validation range (40-1000 pmol/L, corresponding to 54 to 1355 ng/L). The method can be used to routinely monitor vitamin B12 in clinical or population observational studies, determine infant's intake or assess efficacy of mother's supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Dubascoux
- Société des Produits Nestlé - Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Janique Richoz Payot
- Société des Produits Nestlé - Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Sylvain
- Société des Produits Nestlé - Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Nicolas
- Société des Produits Nestlé - Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Esther Campos Gimenez
- Société des Produits Nestlé - Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Christian P, Smith ER, Lee SE, Vargas AJ, Bremer AA, Raiten DJ. The need to study human milk as a biological system. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1063-1072. [PMID: 33831952 PMCID: PMC8106761 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical advancement is needed in the study of human milk as a biological system that intersects and interacts with myriad internal (maternal biology) and external (diet, environment, infections) factors and its plethora of influences on the developing infant. Human-milk composition and its resulting biological function is more than the sum of its parts. Our failure to fully understand this biology in a large part contributes to why the duration of exclusive breastfeeding remains an unsettled science (if not policy). Our current understanding of human-milk composition and its individual components and their functions fails to fully recognize the importance of the chronobiology and systems biology of human milk in the context of milk synthesis, optimal timing and duration of feeding, and period of lactation. The overly simplistic, but common, approach to analyzing single, mostly nutritive components of human milk is insufficient to understand the contribution of either individual components or the matrix within which they exist to both maternal and child health. There is a need for a shift in the conceptual approach to studying human milk to improve strategies and interventions to support better lactation, breastfeeding, and the full range of infant feeding practices, particularly for women and infants living in undernourished and infectious environments. Recent technological advances have led to a rising movement towards advancing the science of human-milk biology. Herein, we describe the rationale and critical need for unveiling the multifunctionality of the various nutritional, nonnutritional, immune, and biological signaling pathways of the components in human milk that drive system development and maturation, growth, and development in the very early postnatal period of life. We provide a vision and conceptual framework for a research strategy and agenda to change the field of human-milk biology with implications for global policy, innovation, and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily R Smith
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Departments of Global Health and Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sun Eun Lee
- The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashley J Vargas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lorenzetti S, Plösch T, Teller IC. Antioxidative Molecules in Human Milk and Environmental Contaminants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:550. [PMID: 33916168 PMCID: PMC8065843 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides overall beneficial health to the mother-child dyad and is universally recognized as the preferred feeding mode for infants up to 6-months and beyond. Human milk provides immuno-protection and supplies nutrients and bioactive compounds whose concentrations vary with lactation stage. Environmental and dietary factors potentially lead to excessive chemical exposure in critical windows of development such as neonatal life, including lactation. This review discusses current knowledge on these environmental and dietary contaminants and summarizes the known effects of these chemicals in human milk, taking into account the protective presence of antioxidative molecules. Particular attention is given to short- and long-term effects of these contaminants, considering their role as endocrine disruptors and potential epigenetic modulators. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps and indicate potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hampel D, Shahab-Ferdows S, Nguyen N, Kac G, Allen LH. High-Throughput Analysis of Water-Soluble Forms of Choline and Related Metabolites in Human Milk by UPLC-MS/MS and Its Application. Front Nutr 2021; 7:604570. [PMID: 33614690 PMCID: PMC7892616 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.604570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline and related metabolites are key factors in many metabolic processes, and insufficient supply can adversely affect reproduction and fetal development. Choline status is mainly regulated by intake, and human milk is the only choline source for exclusively breastfed infants. Further, maternal status, genotype, and phenotype, as well as infant outcomes, have been related to milk choline concentrations. In order to enable the rapid assessment of choline intake for exclusively breastfed infants and to further investigate the associations between milk choline and maternal and infant status and other outcomes, we have developed a simplified method for the simultaneous analysis of human milk choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, and the less abundant related metabolites betaine, carnitine, creatinine, dimethylglycine (DMG), methionine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). These analytes have milk concentrations ranging over 3 orders of magnitude. Unlike other recently described LC-based methods, our approach does not require an ion-pairing reagent or high concentrations of solvent modifiers for successful analyte separation and thus avoid signal loss and potential permanent contamination. Milk samples (10 μl) were diluted (1:80) in water : methanol (1:4, v:v) and filtered prior to analysis with an optimized gradient of 0.1% propionic acidaq and acetonitrile, allowing efficient separation and removal of contaminants. Recovery rates ranged from 108.0 to 130.9% (inter-day variation: 3.3–9.6%), and matrix effects (MEs) from 54.1 to 114.3%. MEs were greater for carnitine, creatinine, and TMAO at lower dilution (1:40, p < 0.035 for all), indicating concentration-dependent ion suppression. Milk from Brazilian women (2–8, 28–50, and 88–119 days postpartum, ntotal = 53) revealed increasing concentration throughout lactation for glycerophosphocholine, DMG, and methionine, while carnitine decreased. Choline and phosphocholine were negatively correlated consistently at all three collection time intervals. The method is suitable for rapid analysis of human milk water-soluble forms of choline as well as previously not captured related metabolites with minimal sample volumes and preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hampel
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Setareh Shahab-Ferdows
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ngoc Nguyen
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Balthazar CF, Guimarães JT, Rocha RS, Pimentel TC, Neto RP, Tavares MIB, Graça JS, Alves Filho EG, Freitas MQ, Esmerino EA, Granato D, Rodrigues S, Raices RS, Silva MC, Sant’Ana AS, Cruz AG. Nuclear magnetic resonance as an analytical tool for monitoring the quality and authenticity of dairy foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Porter K, Lodge JK. Determination of selected water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and pyridoxine) from a food matrix using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122541. [PMID: 33773258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble vitamins are essential dietary components with a multitude of important functions that require quantification from food sources to characterise the nutritional status of food. In this study, we have developed a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based method coupled to single-quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of selected water-soluble vitamins. Due to their involvement in energy release from macronutrients, the quantification of thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), nicotinamide (B3) and pyridoxine (B6) offers significant value in food analysis. A commercially available vegetable soup was selected as the food matrix for this study and utilised to develop an efficient extraction procedure for the vitamins of interest. Vitamins were extracted using meta-phosphoric acid coupled with a reducing agent, DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) to produce the parent compound. The extracted vitamins were then analysed using an LC-MS system with electrospray - atmospheric pressure ionization (ES-API) source, operated in positive single ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The MS provided good linearity within the investigated range from 5 to 400 ng/mL with coefficient of determination (r2) ranging from 0.98 to 0.99. Retention times (0.65-9.04 min) were reproducible and no coelution between vitamins was observed. Limit of detection (LOD) varied from 2.4 to 9.0 ng/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) was from 8 to 30 ng/mL, comparable to previously published studies. The extraction method provided good intra-day (%CV 1.56-6.56) and inter-day precision (%CV 8.07-10.97). Standard injections were used as part of quality control measures and provided excellent reproducibility (%CV 0.9-3.4). The overall runtime of this method was 19 min, including column reconditioning. Using this method, the quantity of thiamine (67 ± 7 ng/g), riboflavin (423 ± 39 ng/g), nicotinamide (856 ± 77 ng/g) and pyridoxine (133 ± 11 ng/g) was determined from a complex food matrix. In conclusion, we have developed a rapid and reliable, HILIC-single quad MS method utilising SIM for the low-level quantification of four B vitamins in a vegetable soup matrix in under 20 min. This method has shown excellent linearity, intra- and inter-day reproducibility and is directly applicable to other plant-based food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Porter
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - John K Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
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Hamdi SM, Sanchez E, Garimbay D, Albarede S. External quality assessment program for biochemical assays of human seminal plasma: a French 6-years experience. Basic Clin Androl 2020; 30:18. [PMID: 33292159 PMCID: PMC7670731 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-020-00116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1999, despite a longstanding use, the WHO manual for the examination of human semen finally proposed to assay several biochemical components of the seminal plasma for a functional exploration of the male accessory glands. At the same time, an international effort was made to standardize laboratory tests and to increase their performance through ISO 15189 accreditation. In this setting, participation to relevant external quality assessment (EQA) schemes is an essential requirement for laboratories. To fulfil this injunction, we have organized an EQA program for seminal biochemistry using presumed commutable samples. In this study, we aimed to report an overview of the French laboratory offer, the kinds of assays used, their performance as well as their likelihood of satisfying ISO15189 requirements for EQA. RESULTS Between 2014 and 2019, we performed seven surveys. A median of six laboratories participated to each survey giving a ratio of one laboratory per 11.2 million inhabitants. Seven biomarkers are routinely assayed but the core set shared by all laboratories comprised citrate and zinc (prostate), fructose (seminal vesicles) and α-1, 4 glucosidase (epididymis). The use of CE-IVD marked methods concerned between 0 to 75% of overall assays. According to analytical specifications, 100% of laboratories results were compliant for zinc, 75% for citrate and α-1,4 glucosidase and 67% for fructose. By combining overall data in an empirical scoring system, we identified several types of seminal biomarkers: citrate, fructose and zinc appear as good candidates for a full accreditation, α-1,4 glucosidase still presents an analytical weakness, but prostatic acid phosphatase, free L-carnitine and glycerophosphocholine cannot be accredited in the current state. CONCLUSIONS We organized the first French EQA program for seminal biochemistry to help local laboratories to face their legal requirement to be fully accredited by 2020. It could be improved still further but it gave us an oversight on the analytic landscape. Effective methods are available for a confident biochemical exploration of prostate and seminal vesicles. However, that of epididymis appeared unexpectedly fragile. This andrological issue should be addressed by dedicated recommendations from health authorities and scientific societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safouane M Hamdi
- Groupe de Recherche en Fertilité Humaine (Human Fertility Research Group), EA3694, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne TSA40031, 31059, Toulouse cedex, France.
| | - Erick Sanchez
- CTCB, Centre Toulousain pour le Contrôle Qualité en Biologie Clinique, 33, Route de Bayonne, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Garimbay
- CTCB, Centre Toulousain pour le Contrôle Qualité en Biologie Clinique, 33, Route de Bayonne, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Albarede
- CTCB, Centre Toulousain pour le Contrôle Qualité en Biologie Clinique, 33, Route de Bayonne, 31300, Toulouse, France
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Laverroux S, Picard F, Andueza D, Graulet B. Vitamin B 2 concentration in cow milk: Quantification by a new UHPLC method and prediction by visible and near-infrared spectral analysis. Food Chem 2020; 342:128310. [PMID: 33069521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Until now, there are few information on vitamin B2 concentration variability in milk. In this study, a novel analytical method to quantify total vitamin B2 in milk was developed and applied on 676 samples. In parallel, spectral analysis (colorimetry and near infrared spectroscopy) were performed to develop prediction models of vitamin B2 concentration in milk. The analytical method includes an acid and enzymatic extraction followed by vitamin B2 quantification by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with fluorimetry. Samples analysis showed a wide range of concentration from 0.78 to 4.58 mg/L with a mean of 2.09 ± 0.48 mg/L. Two prediction models based on colorimetric analysis allow estimation of vitamin B2 concentration in milk. Thus, this work shows an analytical method and, for the first time, a prediction method to enable enhancement of researches on vitamin B2 content of milk and its variation factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laverroux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Fabienne Picard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Donato Andueza
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Benoît Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Gibson RS, Rahmannia S, Diana A, Leong C, Haszard JJ, Hampel D, Reid M, Erhardt J, Suryanto AH, Sofiah WN, Fathonah A, Shahab-Ferdows S, Allen LH, Houghton LA. Association of maternal diet, micronutrient status, and milk volume with milk micronutrient concentrations in Indonesian mothers at 2 and 5 months postpartum. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1039-1050. [PMID: 32844187 PMCID: PMC7528569 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal micronutrient deficits during preconception and pregnancy may persist during lactation and compromise human milk composition. OBJECTIVE We measured micronutrient concentrations in human milk and investigated their association with maternal micronutrient intakes, status, and milk volume. METHODS Infant milk intake (measured via a deuterium dose-to-mother technique), milk micronutrient and fat concentrations, and maternal micronutrient intakes were assessed at 2 and 5 mo postpartum in 212 Indonesian lactating mother-infant pairs. Maternal hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin receptors, retinol binding protein (RBP), zinc, selenium, and vitamin B-12 were measured at 5 mo (n = 163). Multivariate or mixed effects regression examined associations of milk micronutrient concentrations with maternal micronutrient intakes, status, and milk volume. RESULTS Prevalence of anemia (15%), and iron (15% based on body iron), selenium (2.5%), and vitamin B-12 deficiency (0%) were low compared with deficiencies of zinc (60%) and vitamin A (34%). The prevalence of inadequate intakes was >50% for 7 micronutrients at 2 and 5 mo. Median milk concentrations for most micronutrients were below reference values, and nearly all declined between 2 and 5 mo postpartum and were not associated substantially with milk volume (except for β-carotene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin). At 5 mo postpartum, associations between maternal micronutrient status and corresponding milk concentrations reported as mean percentage difference in human milk concentration for each unit higher maternal biomarker were significant for hemoglobin (1.9%), iron biomarkers (ranging from 0.4 to 7%), RBP (35%), selenium (70%), and vitamin B-12 (0.1%), yet for maternal intakes only a positive association with β-carotene existed. CONCLUSIONS Most milk micronutrient concentrations declined during lactation, independent of changes in human milk production, and few were associated with maternal micronutrient intakes. The significant associations between maternal biomarkers and milk micronutrient concentrations at 5 mo warrant further study to investigate whether the declines in milk micronutrients are linked to shifts in maternal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind S Gibson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sofa Rahmannia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Aly Diana
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Claudia Leong
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jillian J Haszard
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Daniela Hampel
- USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Wina Nur Sofiah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Annisha Fathonah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Setareh Shahab-Ferdows
- USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Houghton
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Relationship between Fatty Acids Composition/Antioxidant Potential of Breast Milk and Maternal Diet: Comparison with Infant Formulas. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122910. [PMID: 32599866 PMCID: PMC7356699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of human breast milk is relevant for the energy, immunity and eicosanoid production in infants. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of foods are essential for human health. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal diet and fatty acids composition as well as the antioxidant potential of breast milk from donors to human milk bank of Perugia's hospital, Italy. Results were compared with infant formulas. We observed increased levels of total fatty acids and, in particular, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in milk from mothers fed on a vegetable and fruit-rich diet compared with a Mediterranean diet. In the same milk, a reduced antioxidant potential was found. All infant formulas resulted in richer total fatty acid content than human breast milk. Only some formulas were qualitatively similar to breast milk. Of note, the antioxidant potential of the formulas was higher or lower than the human milk with the exception of one sample. The antioxidant potential of four formulas was very high. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants has been shown to have a teratogenic effect and to increase the formation of metastases in adult. There are no data on the effects of excess antioxidants in the infants, but the possibility that they can be harmful cannot be excluded.
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Whitfield KC, Shahab-Ferdows S, Kroeun H, Sophonneary P, Green TJ, Allen LH, Hampel D. Macro- and Micronutrients in Milk from Healthy Cambodian Mothers: Status and Interrelations. J Nutr 2020; 150:1461-1469. [PMID: 32211800 PMCID: PMC7269724 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Except for low thiamin content, little is known about vitamins or macronutrients in milk from Cambodian mothers, and associations among milk nutrients. OBJECTIVES We measured fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and water-soluble vitamins (WSVs), and macronutrients, and explored internutrient associations in milk from Cambodian mothers. METHODS Milk from women (aged 18-45 y, 3-27 wk postpartum, n = 68) who participated in a thiamin-fortification trial were analyzed for vitamins B-2 (riboflavin, FAD), B-3 (nicotinamide), B-5, B-6 (pyridoxal, pyridoxine), B-7, B-12, A, E [α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol (γ-TPH)], carotenoids, carbohydrate (CHO), fat, and protein. Milk vitamin B-1 [thiamin, thiamin monophosphate (TMP), thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP)] was previously assessed for fortification effects. Milk nutrient concentrations were compared with the Adequate Intake (AI) values for infants aged 0-6 mo. Pearson correlation was used to examine internutrient associations after excluding nutrients affected by fortification. RESULTS Fortification increased thiamin and B-1 and decreased γ-TPH. Less than 40% of milk samples met the AIs for all vitamins, and 10 samples did not reach any AI values for the analyzed nutrients. CHO, fat, and energy values were met in 1.5-11.8%, and protein in 48.5%, of the samples. Whereas fat, protein, and energy were related (all r < 0.5; P < 0.001) and associated with FSVs and WSVs, CHO correlated only with some WSVs. TPP was not correlated with B-1 vitamers, but with other WSVs (r = 0.28-0.58; P < 0.019). All FSVs, except α-carotene, were correlated with each other (r = 0.42-0.98; P < 0.002). TPP, FAD, B-2, and B-3 were associated with almost all FSVs (r = 0.24-0.63; P < 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Cambodian women might not provide sufficient nutrients to their exclusively breastfeeding infants. Besides thiamin, all other vitamins measured were much lower than the AI. There were many strong correlations among macronutrients and vitamins; the extent to which these are explained by maternal diet, milk volume, maternal physiology, or genetics requires additional exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyly C Whitfield
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Setareh Shahab-Ferdows
- USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hou Kroeun
- Helen Keller International Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Prak Sophonneary
- National Nutrition Programme, Maternal and Child Health Centre, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Timothy J Green
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Hampel
- USDA/ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Golan Y, Assaraf YG. Genetic and Physiological Factors Affecting Human Milk Production and Composition. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1500. [PMID: 32455695 PMCID: PMC7284811 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is considered the optimal nutrition for infants as it provides additional attributes other than nutritional support for the infant and contributes to the mother's health as well. Although breastfeeding is the most natural modality to feed infants, nowadays, many mothers complain about breastfeeding difficulties. In addition to environmental factors that may influence lactation outcomes including maternal nutrition status, partner's support, stress, and latching ability of the infant, intrinsic factors such as maternal genetics may also affect the quantitative production and qualitative content of human milk. These genetic factors, which may largely affect the infant's growth and development, as well as the mother's breastfeeding experience, are the subject of the present review. We specifically describe genetic variations that were shown to affect quantitative human milk supply and/or its qualitative content. We further discuss possible implications and methods for diagnosis as well as treatment modalities. Although cases of nutrient-deficient human milk are considered rare, in some ethnic groups, genetic variations that affect human milk content are more abundant, and they should receive greater attention for diagnosis and treatment when necessary. From a future perspective, early genetic diagnosis should be directed to target and treat breastfeeding difficulties in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yehuda G. Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
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Investigation of the Defatted Colostrum 1H-NMR Metabolomics Profile of Gilts and Multiparous Sows and Its Relationship with Litter Performance. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010154. [PMID: 31963348 PMCID: PMC7022835 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Swine colostrum quality and quantity can influence the growth and survival of piglets and contribute to the differences in productive traits of gilts and multiparous sows. The aim of the study was to characterize the soluble metabolomics profile of defatted colostrum of sows at different parity number (PA) and to correlate the metabolomics profile with the colostrum Brix percentage as an estimate measure of immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and sow productive traits. The metabolomics profile of colostrum reveals a slight influence of parity, which can influence the quantity of specific metabolites including glycine and lactose. Specific metabolites including lactose creatine, myo-inositol, and O-phosphocholine partially explain the colostrum IgG Brix percentage. Sows’ productive traits performance, including the litter weight at birth and piglets’ mortality, can be influenced by the metabolites related to a sow’s metabolic condition. Increasing knowledge on the interplay between colostrum composition and litter performance can pave the way to define management strategies to provide piglets with good-quality colostrum, improving welfare and economic sustainability of pig rearing by reducing piglet mortality. Abstract The aim of the study was to characterize the soluble metabolomics profile of defatted colostrum of sows at different parity number (PA) and to correlate the metabolomics profile with the Brix percentage estimate of colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and sow productive traits. A total of 96 Meidam (crossbreed Large White × Meishan) sows of PA from 1–4 (PA1: 28; PA2:26; PA3:12; PA4:26) were included, and their productive traits were recorded at 10 days post-farrowing. Colostrum IgG was quantified using a Brix refractometer, and metabolomics profile was assessed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Sows’ PA slightly influenced the metabolomics profile of colostrum. lactose and glycine were higher in PA1 compared with PA4 (p 0.05) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) tended to be higher in PA2 than PA3 and PA4 (p < 0.10). The Brix percentage of IgG was negatively associated with lactose and positively with creatine, myo-inositol, and O-phosphocholine (p < 0.05). Taurine was positively related to litter weight at birth. GlcNAc and myo-inositol were linked to piglet mortality at day 10 with a negative and positive trend, respectively. In conclusion, colostrum of gilts and multiparous sows had a similar metabolomics profile. Specific metabolites contributed to explanation of the variability in colostrum Brix percentage estimate of IgG concentration and the sows’ productive performance.
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45
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Maternal and Neonatal Hair Cortisol Levels and Psychological Stress Are Associated With Onset of Secretory Activation of Human Milk Production. Adv Neonatal Care 2019; 19:E11-E20. [PMID: 31764138 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors can influence the production of mothers' own milk. PURPOSE To assess the influence of maternal psychological stress, maternal cortisol levels, and neonatal hair cortisol levels on timing of secretory activation. METHODS A prospective study was conducted at 2 public health centers in Andalusia, Spain. Participants were 60 pregnant women and their 60 neonates. Hair cortisol levels and psychological stress (pregnancy-specific stress [Prenatal Distress Questionnaire, PDQ] and perceived stress [Perceived Stress Scale, PSS]) were evaluated during the third trimester and the postpartum period. This study was part of the GESTASTRESS cohort study on the effects of stress during pregnancy. RESULTS Higher PDQ and PSS scores (P < .05) in the third trimester were associated with later onset of secretory activation. Higher postpartum maternal hair cortisol levels were associated with a delayed secretory activation of mother's own milk (P < .05). IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Future studies should look at the influence of psychological stress and cortisol levels on hormones involved in mother's own milk production. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Neonatal nurses and other healthcare providers should be familiar with levels of neonates' exposure to maternal prenatal stress prior to birth.
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Casavale KO, Ahuja JKC, Wu X, Li Y, Quam J, Olson R, Pehrsson P, Allen L, Balentine D, Hanspal M, Hayward D, Hines EP, McClung JP, Perrine CG, Belfort MB, Dallas D, German B, Kim J, McGuire M, McGuire M, Morrow AL, Neville M, Nommsen-Rivers L, Rasmussen KM, Zempleni J, Lynch CJ. NIH workshop on human milk composition: summary and visions. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:769-779. [PMID: 31274142 PMCID: PMC6895543 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nationally representative data from mother-child dyads that capture human milk composition (HMC) and associated health outcomes are important for advancing the evidence to inform federal nutrition and related health programs, policies, and consumer information across the governments in the United States and Canada as well as in nongovernment sectors. In response to identified gaps in knowledge, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the NIH sponsored the "Workshop on Human Milk Composition-Biological, Environmental, Nutritional, and Methodological Considerations" held 16-17 November 2017 in Bethesda, Maryland. Through presentations and discussions, the workshop aimed to 1) share knowledge on the scientific need for data on HMC; 2) explore the current understanding of factors affecting HMC; 3) identify methodological challenges in human milk (HM) collection, storage, and analysis; and 4) develop a vision for a research program to develop an HMC data repository and database. The 4 workshop sessions included 1) perspectives from both federal agencies and nonfederal academic experts, articulating scientific needs for data on HMC that could lead to new research findings and programmatic advances to support public health; 2) information about the factors that influence lactation and/or HMC; 3) considerations for data quality, including addressing sampling strategies and the complexities in standardizing collection, storage, and analyses of HM; and 4) insights on how existing research programs and databases can inform potential visions for HMC initiatives. The general consensus from the workshop is that the limited scope of HM research initiatives has led to a lack of robust estimates of the composition and volume of HM consumed and, consequently, missed opportunities to improve maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie O Casavale
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA,Address correspondence to KOC (e-mail: ). Present address for KOC: US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jaspreet K C Ahuja
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Xianli Wu
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Julia Quam
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Richard Olson
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pamela Pehrsson
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Allen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Balentine
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Manjit Hanspal
- Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Hayward
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin Pias Hines
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - James P McClung
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Cria G Perrine
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - David Dallas
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jae Kim
- Divisions of Neonatology and Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark McGuire
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Michelle McGuire
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA,Present address for Michelle McGuire: University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Ardythe L Morrow
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Milk and Lactation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Margaret Neville
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Janos Zempleni
- Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Christopher J Lynch
- Office of Nutrition Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Shetty SA, Young MF, Taneja S, Rangiah K. Quantification of B-vitamins from different fresh milk samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/selected reaction monitoring methods. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1609:460452. [PMID: 31443970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Absolute quantification of B-vitamins in milk is becoming imperative to correlate its impact on child/human health. In today's world of changing food habits and environmental pollution, there is concern if milk is what we think it to be. In the present work, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/selected reaction monitoring (UPHPLC-MS/SRM) methods have been developed and validated for quantitative estimation of 21 different B-vitamins [B1-3, B2-3, B3-2, B5-1, B6-5, B8-1, B9-2 vitamins, total choline (betaine, choline and acetylcholine)] from a drop (50 µL) and B12 from 500 µL of milk. These two methods qualify all essential bio-analytical parameters (recovery >80%, accuracy <±15%, variation <±10%) and are highly reproducible. By using these developed methods, B-vitamins in different fresh milk samples from cow, goat, buffalo and pasteurized cow milk (each 10 and total n = 40) were analysed. Total choline is the highest (6.5-10.5 µg/mL) and vitamin B8 is the lowest (16.1-32.9 ng/mL) in all milk samples. Inverse correlation between vitamin B2 and B5 was observed in milk samples. The ratio of vitamin B5/B2 was checked in all milk samples, it is higher in cow (2.64), equal in goat (1.04) and lower in buffalo (0.42) milk. Total B-vitamin content in cow milk is higher (10.5 µg/mL) compared to other three (goat-7.2, buffalo-6.5, pasteurized-8.8 µg/mL). Vitamin B12 is higher in cow milk (3.6 ng/mL) compared to other two fresh milk samples. Different isomers for vitamin B6 were noticed in the fresh milk samples. The complete profile of water soluble vitamins and the ratio of two abundant B vitamins (B5/B2) in milk will be useful to check the nutritional quality and to differentiate the kind of animal milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweekruthi A Shetty
- Food Safety & Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570020, India
| | - Melissa F Young
- The Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sunita Taneja
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, 45, Kalu Sarai, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Kannan Rangiah
- Food Safety & Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570020, India.
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48
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Barbaro D, Orrù B, Unfer V. Iodine and Myo-Inositol: A Novel Promising Combination for Iodine Deficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:457. [PMID: 31379737 PMCID: PMC6660248 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite universal salt iodization programmes implemented over the last decades, iodine deficiency remains a major public health problem in many countries worldwide. Endeavors are still required to ensure sufficient iodine intake in the populations at risk in order to eliminate deficiency. Iodine is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), as well as for the thyroid health. When iodine levels are insufficient, T4 attests toward the lower limit of the physiological range, causing subtle fluctuations in the T3:T4 ratio. Monitoring these variations may be an accurate way to assess patient's iodine status. Recently, a number of published clinical studies documented a growing interest toward the use of myo-inositol in thyroid diseases. Myo-inositol, a carbocyclic polyol, regulates the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in thyrocytes, crucial for iodine organification and thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Thus, combined supplementation of iodine and myo-inositol may promote higher iodine availability in thyrocytes improving thyroid functionality. This review presents novel strategies for the diagnosis and the management of iodine deficiency, focusing on the potential role of myo-inositol combined with iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Barbaro
- U.O. Endocrinologia, ASL Nord Ovest Toscana, Livorno, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Barbaro
| | - Beatrice Orrù
- Medical Affairs Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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49
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Allen LH, Donohue JA, Dror DK. Limitations of the Evidence Base Used to Set Recommended Nutrient Intakes for Infants and Lactating Women. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:295S-312S. [PMID: 29846528 PMCID: PMC6008957 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported values for concentrations of micronutrients in human milk form the basis of the majority of micronutrient intake recommendations for infants and the additional maternal requirements for lactation. The infant recommendations may also be extrapolated to provide estimates for young children. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the adequacy of the milk micronutrient concentration data used by the Institute of Medicine to set recommendations for the United States and Canada, by FAO/WHO, the United Kingdom, and the European Food Safety Authority. The concentrations accepted by each agency are presented for each micronutrient accompanied by the source of information and comments on the number, location, status, and stage of lactation of the sample population, where known. These summaries show the small number of participants from which samples were collected in most studies, the wide range of concentrations within studies, the lack of longitudinal data, and the variability in collection methods. These factors contribute to the variability in nutrient intake recommendations among committees, although this variability is reduced by some committees that accept milk-composition values proposed by others. Values are also summarized from milk collected in studies in which mothers or infants were known to be deficient on the basis of clinical symptoms, biomarkers of inadequacy, or both, to show the extent to which milk micronutrients can be reduced by poor maternal nutritional status. We conclude that a new, multicenter study is needed to establish reference values for milk constituents across lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay H Allen
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Juliana A Donohue
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Daphna K Dror
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
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50
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Allen LH, Dror DK. Introduction to Current Knowledge on Micronutrients in Human Milk: Adequacy, Analysis, and Need for Research. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:275S-277S. [PMID: 29846523 PMCID: PMC6008952 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay H Allen
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Daphna K Dror
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA,Address correspondence to DKD (e-mail: )
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