1
|
Moya AMTM, Alexandrino TD, Morari J, Reguengo LM, Velloso LA, Leal RF, Junior SB, Pereira APA, Pastore GM, Bicas JL, Cazarin CBB. The Consumption of the Fibrous Fraction of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. Does Not Preserve the Intestinal Mucosa in TNBS-Induced Rats. Foods 2024; 13:2949. [PMID: 39335878 PMCID: PMC11431493 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. is considered a natural anti-inflammatory. In traditional medicine, it is used to reduce cholesterol levels in the treatment of obesity. Foods capable of conferring a protective and nutritious effect have been used to prevent or attenuate the clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases. Ulcerative colitis is a multifactorial inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated the impact of the consumption of the fibrous fraction (FF) and resistant starch (RS) of fruta-do-lobo in an experimental model of colitis induced with the use 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) in rats. The different colitis groups all experienced decreased weight gain, which could be linked to the inflammatory process (p = 0.603). Additionally, the experimental model led to increased oxidative stress, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the elevated gene expression of these cytokines. Despite this, consuming the fibrous fraction of fruta-do-lobo (RS and FF) did not appear to protect the animals against the inflammatory process. Regarding the expression of TNF-α, only the group treated with the drug mesalamine had a reduced serum level of this inflammatory marker (p = 0.03). Our results showed that the diet containing RS and FF did not protect the intestinal mucosa against TNBS inflammation. New studies on the variation in the time of consumption or the supplemented dose of fruta-do-lobo fibers could help to elucidate their effects in protecting the mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Maria Tomazini Munhoz Moya
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.T.M.M.); (T.D.A.); (L.M.R.); (A.P.A.P.); (G.M.P.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Thaís Dolfini Alexandrino
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.T.M.M.); (T.D.A.); (L.M.R.); (A.P.A.P.); (G.M.P.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Joseane Morari
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.M.); (L.A.V.); (R.F.L.)
| | - Livia Mateus Reguengo
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.T.M.M.); (T.D.A.); (L.M.R.); (A.P.A.P.); (G.M.P.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.M.); (L.A.V.); (R.F.L.)
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil; (J.M.); (L.A.V.); (R.F.L.)
| | - Stanislau Bogusz Junior
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Aparecida Pereira
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.T.M.M.); (T.D.A.); (L.M.R.); (A.P.A.P.); (G.M.P.); (J.L.B.)
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78068-600, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.T.M.M.); (T.D.A.); (L.M.R.); (A.P.A.P.); (G.M.P.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Juliano Lemos Bicas
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.T.M.M.); (T.D.A.); (L.M.R.); (A.P.A.P.); (G.M.P.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.T.M.M.); (T.D.A.); (L.M.R.); (A.P.A.P.); (G.M.P.); (J.L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen H, Chen D, Wang S, Jin Y, Cheng W. Effects of dietary fiber on maternal health in pregnant women with metabolic syndrome risk: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2024; 15:6597-6609. [PMID: 38809131 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) during pregnancy can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders. In this study, we sought to examine the influence of dietary fiber, from both food sources and soluble fiber supplementation, on the metabolic health and overall pregnancy outcomes of women at high risk of MetS. We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 376 women between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation. To evaluate dietary fiber intake, we performed an exhaustive dietary component analysis using a food frequency questionnaire. Additionally, the participants in the intervention group received daily soluble fiber supplements until delivery. All participants underwent nutritional consultations and metabolic health assessments at three distinct stages of pregnancy (GW 11-13, GW 24-26, and GW 32-34). Our findings revealed a significant correlation between insufficient dietary fiber intake and an increased risk of GDM, even after adjusting for variables such as maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI. We also noted that a high total dietary fiber intake was associated with reduced changes in triglyceride levels. In addition, the intervention group showed lower need for constipation medication, and soluble fiber supplementation may offer potential benefits for GDM patients. Importantly, our study verified the safety of long-term soluble fiber supplementation during pregnancy. Our results underscore the importance of adequate fiber intake, particularly from dietary sources, for the metabolic health of pregnant women. Moreover, our findings suggest that early fiber supplementation may benefit pregnant women experiencing constipation or those diagnosed with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- Nutrition Department, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deehan EC, Zhang Z, Nguyen NK, Perez-Muñoz ME, Cole J, Riva A, Berry D, Prado CM, Walter J. Adaptation to tolerate high doses of arabinoxylan is associated with fecal levels of Bifidobacterium longum. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2363021. [PMID: 38860973 PMCID: PMC11174067 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2363021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber supplements are a strategy to close the 'fiber gap' and induce targeted modulations of the gut microbiota. However, higher doses of fiber supplements cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that differ among individuals. What determines these inter-individual differences is insufficiently understood. Here we analyzed findings from a six-week randomized controlled trial that evaluated GI symptoms to corn bran arabinoxylan (AX; n = 15) relative to non-fermentable microcrystalline cellulose (MCC; n = 16) at efficacious supplement doses of 25 g/day (females) or 35 g/day (males) in adults with excess weight. Self-reported flatulence, bloating, and stomach aches were evaluated weekly. Bacterial taxa involved in AX fermentation were identified by bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging. Associations between GI symptoms, fecal microbiota features, and diet history were systematically investigated. AX supplementation increased symptoms during the first three weeks relative to MCC (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney tests), but subjects 'adapted' with symptoms reverting to baseline levels toward the end of treatment. Symptom adaptations were individualized and correlated with the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum at baseline (rs = 0.74, p = 0.002), within the bacterial community that utilized AX (rs = 0.69, p = 0.006), and AX-induced shifts in acetate (rs = 0.54, p = 0.039). Lower baseline consumption of animal-based foods and higher whole grains associated with less severity and better adaptation. These findings suggest that humans do 'adapt' to tolerate efficacious fiber doses, and this process is linked to their microbiome and dietary factors known to interact with gut microbes, providing a basis for the development of strategies for improved tolerance of dietary fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nguyen K. Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Janis Cole
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Alessandra Riva
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - David Berry
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork – National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Van den Abbeele P, Deyaert S, Albers R, Baudot A, Mercenier A. Carrot RG-I Reduces Interindividual Differences between 24 Adults through Consistent Effects on Gut Microbiota Composition and Function Ex Vivo. Nutrients 2023; 15:2090. [PMID: 37432238 PMCID: PMC10180869 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is characterized by large interpersonal differences, which are not only linked to health and disease but also determine the outcome of nutritional interventions. In line with the growing interest for developing targeted gut microbiota modulators, the selectivity of a carrot-derived rhamnogalacturonan I (cRG-I) was compared to substrates with demonstrated low (inulin, IN) and high selectivity (xanthan, XA), at a human equivalent dose (HED) of 1.5 g/d. The high throughput of the ex vivo SIFR® technology, validated to generate predictive insights for clinical findings, enabled the inclusion of 24 human adults. Such an unprecedented high number of samples in the context of in vitro gut microbiota modelling allowed a coverage of clinically relevant interpersonal differences in gut microbiota composition and function. A key finding was that cRG-I supplementation (already at an HED of 0.3 g/d) lowered interpersonal compositional differences due to the selective stimulation of taxa that were consistently present among human adults, including OTUs related to Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus and Bifidobacterium longum (suspected keystone species), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and butyrate-producing taxa such as Blautia sp., Anaerobutyricum hallii, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In contrast, both IN and XA treatments increased interpersonal compositional differences. For IN, this followed from its low specificity. For XA, it was rather the extremely high selectivity of XA fermentation that caused large differences between 15 responders and 9 nonresponders, caused by the presence/absence of highly specific XA-fermenting taxa. While all test compounds significantly enhanced acetate, propionate, butyrate, and gas production, cRG-I resulted in a significantly higher acetate (+40%), propionate (+22%), yet a lower gas production (-44%) compared to IN. cRG-I could thus result in overall more robust beneficial effects, while also being better tolerated. Moreover, owing to its remarkable homogenization effect on microbial composition and metabolite production, cRG-I could lead to more predictable outcomes compared to substrates that are less specific or overly specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stef Deyaert
- Cryptobiotix SA, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (S.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Ruud Albers
- Nutrileads BV, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Aurélien Baudot
- Cryptobiotix SA, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.V.d.A.); (S.D.); (A.B.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Morais Junior AC, Schincaglia RM, Viana RB, Armet AM, Prado CM, Walter J, Mota JF. The separate effects of whole oats and isolated beta-glucan on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:224-237. [PMID: 36657917 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is well known that dietary fiber positively impacts the microbiome and health as a whole. However, the health effects of β-glucan, a dietary fiber extracted from oats, have been questioned when administered alone or incorporated into other foods. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of oats or β-glucan supplements on the lipid profile. METHODS Randomized controlled trials with parallel-arm or crossover blinded interventions at least two weeks in duration, for hyperlipidemic or non-hyperlipidemic men and women ≥18 years of age were selected. Only single (participants blinded) or double-blinded studies that compared oat or isolated β-glucan with a placebo/control group were considered for this review. The databases EMBASE, PubMed, Web of science and CINHAL were searched, from the earliest indexed year available online to the end of January 2022. Random-effects models were used to combine the estimated effects extracted from individual studies, and data were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS A total of 811 articles were screened for eligibility, and relevant data were extracted from 28 studies, totaling 1494 subjects. Oat interventions TC (-0.61, 95%CI: -0.84;-0.39, p < 0.00001, and -0.70, 95%CI: -1.07;-0.34, p = 0.0002, respectively) and LDL (-0.51, 95%CI: -0.71;-0.31, p < 0.00001, and -0.38, 95%CI: -0.60;-0.15, p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, isolated β-glucan interventions from parallel-arm studies decreased TC (-0.73, 95%CI: -1.01;-0.45, p < 0.00001), LDL (-0.58, 95%CI: -0.85;-0.32, p < 0.0001) and triglycerides (-0.30, 95%CI: -0.49;-0.12, p = 0.001). HDL was not altered by either oat or isolated β-glucan (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, this review showed that both oat and isolated β-glucan interventions improved lipid profiles. Furthermore, the ingestion of oats or isolated β-glucan supplements are effective tools to combat dyslipidemia and should be considered in cardiovascular disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alcides C de Morais Junior
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia GO, 74.605-080, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Schincaglia
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia GO, 74.605-080, Brazil; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Ricardo B Viana
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esportes, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Anissa M Armet
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - João F Mota
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, St. 227, Block 68, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia GO, 74.605-080, Brazil; APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Jian C, Salonen A, Dong M, Yang Z. Designing healthier bread through the lens of the gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
8
|
Van den Abbeele P, Deyaert S, Thabuis C, Perreau C, Bajic D, Wintergerst E, Joossens M, Firrman J, Walsh D, Baudot A. Bridging preclinical and clinical gut microbiota research using the ex vivo SIFR ® technology. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1131662. [PMID: 37187538 PMCID: PMC10178071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1131662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While modulation of the human adult gut microbiota is a trending strategy to improve health, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the ex vivo, reactor-based, high-throughput SIFR® (Systemic Intestinal Fermentation Research) technology for clinical findings using three structurally different prebiotics [inulin (IN), resistant dextrin (RD) and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL)]. Results The key finding was that data obtained within 1-2 days were predictive for clinical findings upon repeated prebiotic intake over weeks: among hundreds of microbes, IN stimulated Bifidobacteriaceae, RD boosted Parabacteroides distasonis, while 2'FL specifically increased Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Anaerobutyricum hallii. In line with metabolic capabilities of these taxa, specific SCFA (short-chain fatty acids) were produced thus providing insights that cannot be obtained in vivo where such metabolites are rapidly absorbed. Further, in contrast to using single or pooled fecal microbiota (approaches used to circumvent low throughput of conventional models), working with 6 individual fecal microbiota enabled correlations that support mechanistic insights. Moreover, quantitative sequencing removed the noise caused by markedly increased cell densities upon prebiotic treatment, thus allowing to even rectify conclusions of previous clinical trials related to the tentative selectivity by which prebiotics modulate the gut microbiota. Counterintuitively, not the high but rather the low selectivity of IN caused only a limited number of taxa to be significantly affected. Finally, while a mucosal microbiota (enriched with Lachnospiraceae) can be integrated, other technical aspects of the SIFR® technology are a high technical reproducibility, and most importantly, a sustained similarity between the ex vivo and original in vivo microbiota. Discussion By accurately predicting in vivo results within days, the SIFR® technology can help bridge the so-called "Valley of Death" between preclinical and clinical research. Facilitating development of test products with better understanding of their mode of action could dramatically increase success rate of microbiome modulating clinical trials.Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Danica Bajic
- Glycom A/S-DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Marie Joossens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jenni Firrman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Puhlmann ML, de Vos WM. Intrinsic dietary fibers and the gut microbiome: Rediscovering the benefits of the plant cell matrix for human health. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954845. [PMID: 36059540 PMCID: PMC9434118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers contribute to structure and storage reserves of plant foods and fundamentally impact human health, partly by involving the intestinal microbiota, notably in the colon. Considerable attention has been given to unraveling the interaction between fiber type and gut microbiota utilization, focusing mainly on single, purified fibers. Studying these fibers in isolation might give us insights into specific fiber effects, but neglects how dietary fibers are consumed daily and impact our digestive tract: as intrinsic structures that include the cell matrix and content of plant tissues. Like our ancestors we consume fibers that are entangled in a complex network of plants cell walls that further encapsulate and shield intra-cellular fibers, such as fructans and other components from immediate breakdown. Hence, the physiological behavior and consequent microbial breakdown of these intrinsic fibers differs from that of single, purified fibers, potentially entailing unexplored health effects. In this mini-review we explain the difference between intrinsic and isolated fibers and discuss their differential impact on digestion. Subsequently, we elaborate on how food processing influences intrinsic fiber structure and summarize available human intervention studies that used intrinsic fibers to assess gut microbiota modulation and related health outcomes. Finally, we explore current research gaps and consequences of the intrinsic plant tissue structure for future research. We postulate that instead of further processing our already (extensively) processed foods to create new products, we should minimize this processing and exploit the intrinsic health benefits that are associated with the original cell matrix of plant tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Puhlmann
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marie-Luise Puhlmann,
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hitch TCA, Hall LJ, Walsh SK, Leventhal GE, Slack E, de Wouters T, Walter J, Clavel T. Microbiome-based interventions to modulate gut ecology and the immune system. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1095-1113. [PMID: 36180583 PMCID: PMC9705255 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome lies at the intersection between the environment and the host, with the ability to modify host responses to disease-relevant exposures and stimuli. This is evident in how enteric microbes interact with the immune system, e.g., supporting immune maturation in early life, affecting drug efficacy via modulation of immune responses, or influencing development of immune cell populations and their mediators. Many factors modulate gut ecosystem dynamics during daily life and we are just beginning to realise the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of microbiome-based interventions. These approaches vary in application, goal, and mechanisms of action. Some modify the entire community, such as nutritional approaches or faecal microbiota transplantation, while others, such as phage therapy, probiotics, and prebiotics, target specific taxa or strains. In this review, we assessed the experimental evidence for microbiome-based interventions, with a particular focus on their clinical relevance, ecological effects, and modulation of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C A Hitch
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, UK
- Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sarah Kate Walsh
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Emma Slack
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deehan EC, Zhang Z, Riva A, Armet AM, Perez-Muñoz ME, Nguyen NK, Krysa JA, Seethaler B, Zhao YY, Cole J, Li F, Hausmann B, Spittler A, Nazare JA, Delzenne NM, Curtis JM, Wismer WV, Proctor SD, Bakal JA, Bischoff SC, Knights D, Field CJ, Berry D, Prado CM, Walter J. Elucidating the role of the gut microbiota in the physiological effects of dietary fiber. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:77. [PMID: 35562794 PMCID: PMC9107176 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fiber is an integral part of a healthy diet, but questions remain about the mechanisms that underlie effects and the causal contributions of the gut microbiota. Here, we performed a 6-week exploratory trial in adults with excess weight (BMI: 25-35 kg/m2) to compare the effects of a high-dose (females: 25 g/day; males: 35 g/day) supplement of fermentable corn bran arabinoxylan (AX; n = 15) with that of microbiota-non-accessible microcrystalline cellulose (MCC; n = 16). Obesity-related surrogate endpoints and biomarkers of host-microbiome interactions implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity (trimethylamine N-oxide, gut hormones, cytokines, and measures of intestinal barrier integrity) were assessed. We then determined whether clinical outcomes could be predicted by fecal microbiota features or mechanistic biomarkers. RESULTS AX enhanced satiety after a meal and decreased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), while MCC reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and fecal calprotectin. Machine learning models determined that effects on satiety could be predicted by fecal bacterial taxa that utilized AX, as identified by bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging. Reductions in HOMA-IR and calprotectin were associated with shifts in fecal bile acids, but correlations were negative, suggesting that the benefits of fiber may not be mediated by their effects on bile acid pools. Biomarkers of host-microbiome interactions often linked to bacterial metabolites derived from fiber fermentation (short-chain fatty acids) were not affected by AX supplementation when compared to non-accessible MCC. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the efficacy of purified dietary fibers when used as supplements and suggests that satietogenic effects of AX may be linked to bacterial taxa that ferment the fiber or utilize breakdown products. Other effects are likely microbiome independent. The findings provide a basis for fiber-type specific therapeutic applications and their personalization. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02322112 , registered on July 3, 2015. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian China
| | - Alessandra Riva
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anissa M. Armet
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Nguyen K. Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Jacqueline A. Krysa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Janis Cole
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Fuyong Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry and Department of Surgery, Research Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan M. Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Wendy V. Wismer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Jeffrey A. Bakal
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota USA
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork – National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Turner ND, Lupton JR. Dietary Fiber. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2553-2555. [PMID: 34687531 PMCID: PMC8634306 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D Turner
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joanne R Lupton
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Engell AE, Jørgensen HL, Lind BS, Pottegård A, Andersen CL, Andersen JS, Kriegbaum M, Grand MK, Bathum L. Decreased plasma lipid levels in a statin-free Danish primary health care cohort between 2001 and 2018. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:147. [PMID: 34717633 PMCID: PMC8557491 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid levels in blood have decreased considerably during the past decades in the general population partly due to use of statins. This study aims to investigate the trends in lipid levels between 2001 and 2018 in a statin-free population from primary health care, overall and by sex and age. METHODS In a cohort of 634,119 patients from general practice with no diagnoses or medical treatments that affected lipid levels of total cholesterol (TC; n = 1,574,339) between 2001 and 2018 were identified. Similarly, measurements of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; n = 1,302,440), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; n = 1,417,857) and triglycerides (TG; n = 1,329,477) were identified. RESULTS Mean TC decreased from 5.64 mmol/L (95% CI: 5.63-5.65) in 2001 to 5.17 mmol/L (95% CI: 5.16-5.17) in 2018 while LDL-C decreased from 3.67 mmol/L (95% CI: 3.66-3.68) to 3.04 mmol/L (95% CI: 3.03-3.04). Women aged 70-74 years experienced the largest decreases in TC levels corresponding to a decrease of 0.7 mmol/L. The decrease in LDL-C levels was most pronounced in men ≥85 years with a decrease of 0.9 mmol/L. For both genders, TC and LDL-C levels increased with advancing age until around age 50. After menopause the women had higher TC and LDL-C levels than the men. The median (geometric mean) TG level decreased by 0.4 mmol/L from 2001 to 2008, after which it increased slightly by 0.1 mmol/L until 2018. During life the TG levels of the men were markedly higher than the women's until around age 65-70. HDL-C levels showed no trend during the study period. CONCLUSIONS The levels of TC and LDL-C decreased considerably in a statin-free population from primary health care from 2001 to 2018. These decreases were most pronounced in the elderly population and this trend is not decelerating. For TG, levels have started to increase, after an initial decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Engell
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Henrik L Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent S Lind
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christen L Andersen
- Copenhagen Primary Care Laboratory (CopLab) Database, Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John S Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margit Kriegbaum
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia K Grand
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Bathum
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Murga-Garrido SM, Hong Q, Cross TWL, Hutchison ER, Han J, Thomas SP, Vivas EI, Denu J, Ceschin DG, Tang ZZ, Rey FE. Gut microbiome variation modulates the effects of dietary fiber on host metabolism. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:117. [PMID: 34016169 PMCID: PMC8138933 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is general consensus that consumption of dietary fermentable fiber improves cardiometabolic health, in part by promoting mutualistic microbes and by increasing production of beneficial metabolites in the distal gut. However, human studies have reported variations in the observed benefits among individuals consuming the same fiber. Several factors likely contribute to this variation, including host genetic and gut microbial differences. We hypothesized that gut microbial metabolism of dietary fiber represents an important and differential factor that modulates how dietary fiber impacts the host. RESULTS We examined genetically identical gnotobiotic mice harboring two distinct complex gut microbial communities and exposed to four isocaloric diets, each containing different fibers: (i) cellulose, (ii) inulin, (iii) pectin, (iv) a mix of 5 fermentable fibers (assorted fiber). Gut microbiome analysis showed that each transplanted community preserved a core of common taxa across diets that differentiated it from the other community, but there were variations in richness and bacterial taxa abundance within each community among the different diet treatments. Host epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolomic analyses revealed diet-directed differences between animals colonized with the two communities, including variation in amino acids and lipid pathways that were associated with divergent health outcomes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that interindividual variation in the gut microbiome is causally linked to differential effects of dietary fiber on host metabolic phenotypes and suggests that a one-fits-all fiber supplementation approach to promote health is unlikely to elicit consistent effects across individuals. Overall, the presented results underscore the importance of microbe-diet interactions on host metabolism and suggest that gut microbes modulate dietary fiber efficacy. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Murga-Garrido
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- PECEM (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Qilin Hong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Present Address: Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W. State Street, Stone Hall 205, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Evan R Hutchison
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jessica Han
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Eugenio I Vivas
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John Denu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Danilo G Ceschin
- Unidad de Bioinformática Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional Severo Amuchástegui, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Av. Naciones Unidas 420, 5000, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
| | - Zheng-Zheng Tang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deehan EC, Colin-Ramirez E, Triador L, Madsen KL, Prado CM, Field CJ, Ball GDC, Tan Q, Orsso C, Dinu I, Pakseresht M, Rubin D, Sharma AM, Tun H, Walter J, Newgard CB, Freemark M, Wine E, Haqq AM. Efficacy of metformin and fermentable fiber combination therapy in adolescents with severe obesity and insulin resistance: study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:148. [PMID: 33596993 PMCID: PMC7890810 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that the metabolic effects of metformin and fermentable fibers are mediated, in part, through diverging or overlapping effects on the composition and metabolic functions of the gut microbiome. Pre-clinical animal models have established that the addition of fiber to metformin monotherapy improves glucose tolerance. However, possible synergistic effects of combination therapy (metformin plus fiber) have not been investigated in humans. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of synergy have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to compare in adolescents with obesity the metabolic effects of metformin and fermentable fibers in combination with those of metformin or fiber alone. We will also determine if therapeutic responses correlate with compositional and functional features of the gut microbiome. Methods This is a parallel three-armed, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Adolescents (aged 12–18 years) with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will receive either metformin (850 mg p.o. twice/day), fermentable fibers (35 g/day), or a combination of metformin plus fiber for 12 months. Participants will be seen at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months, with a phone follow-up at 1 and 9 months. Primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome is change in IR estimated by homeostatic model assessment of IR; key secondary outcomes include changes in the Matsuda index, oral disposition index, body mass index z-score, and fat mass to fat-free mass ratio. To gain mechanistic insight, endpoints that reflect host-microbiota interactions will also be assessed: obesity-related immune, metabolic, and satiety markers; humoral metabolites; and fecal microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids, and bile acids. Discussion This study will compare the potential metabolic benefits of fiber with those of metformin in adolescents with obesity, determine if metformin and fiber act synergistically to improve IR, and elucidate whether the metabolic benefits of metformin and fiber associate with changes in fecal microbiota composition and the output of health-related metabolites. This study will provide insight into the potential role of the gut microbiome as a target for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of emerging treatments for T2DM prevention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04578652. Registered on 8 October 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05060-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | | | - Lucila Triador
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2C2, AB, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Geoff D C Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Qiming Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Camila Orsso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Irina Dinu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1C9, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Pakseresht
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Daniela Rubin
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, USA
| | - Arya M Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2C2, AB, Canada
| | - Hein Tun
- University of Hong Kong School of Public Health, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jens Walter
- DNational University of Ireland University College Cork, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Michael Freemark
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1C9, BA, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vijay A, Astbury S, Le Roy C, Spector TD, Valdes AM. The prebiotic effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: A six-week randomised intervention trial. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-11. [PMID: 33382352 PMCID: PMC7781624 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1863133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are compounds in food that benefit health via affecting the gut microbiome. Omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with differences in gut microbiome composition and are widely accepted to have health benefits, although recent large trials have been inconclusive. We carried out a 6-week dietary intervention comparing the effects of daily supplementation with 500 mg of omega-3 versus 20 g of a well-characterized prebiotic, inulin. Inulin supplementation resulted in large increases in Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae. In contrast, omega-3 supplementation resulted in significant increases in Coprococcus spp. and Bacteroides spp, and significant decreases in the fatty-liver associated Collinsella spp. On the other hand, similar to the results with inulin supplementation which resulted in significant increases in butyrate, iso-valerate, and iso-butyrate (p < .004), omega-3 supplementation resulted in significant increases in iso-butyrate and isovalerate (p < .002) and nearly significant increases in butyrate (p < .053). Coprococcus, which was significantly increased post-supplementation with omega-3, was found to be positively associated with iso-butyric acid (Beta (SE) = 0.69 (0.02), P = 1.4 x 10-3) and negatively associated with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as VLDL (Beta (SE) = -0.381 (0.01), P = .001) and VLDL-TG (Beta (SE) = -0.372 (0.04), P = .001) after adjusting for confounders. Dietary omega-3 alters gut microbiome composition and some of its cardiovascular effects appear to be potentially mediated by its effect on gut microbial fermentation products indicating that it may be a prebiotic nutrient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vijay
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stuart Astbury
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Caroline Le Roy
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Griffiths JC, De Vries J, McBurney MI, Wopereis S, Serttas S, Marsman DS. Measuring health promotion: translating science into policy. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:11-23. [PMID: 32852581 PMCID: PMC7497380 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Commonly, it is the end of life when our health is deteriorating, that many will make drastic lifestyle changes to improve their quality of life. However, it is increasingly recognized that bringing good health-promoting behaviors into practice as early in life as possible has the most significant impact across the maximal healthspan. The WHO has brought clarity to health promotion over the last fifteen years, always centering on language relating to a process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their physical, mental and social health. A good healthspan is not just freedom from morbidity and mortality, it is that joie de vivre ("joy of living") that should accompany every day of our lifespan. Therefore, health promotion includes not only the health sector, but also needs individual commitment to achieve that target of a healthspan aligned with the lifespan. This paper explores health promotion and health literacy, and how to design appropriate nutritional studies to characterize contributors to a positive health outcome, the role the human microbiome plays in promoting health and addressing and alleviating morbidity and diseases, and finally how to characterize phenotypic flexibility and a physiologic resilience that we must maintain as our structural and functional systems are bombarded with the insults and perturbations of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C Griffiths
- Council for Responsible Nutrition-International, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jan De Vries
- Nutrition in Transition Foundation, Gorssel, The Netherlands
| | - Michael I McBurney
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrechtseweg 48, NL-3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nguyen NK, Deehan EC, Zhang Z, Jin M, Baskota N, Perez-Muñoz ME, Cole J, Tuncil YE, Seethaler B, Wang T, Laville M, Delzenne NM, Bischoff SC, Hamaker BR, Martínez I, Knights D, Bakal JA, Prado CM, Walter J. Gut microbiota modulation with long-chain corn bran arabinoxylan in adults with overweight and obesity is linked to an individualized temporal increase in fecal propionate. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:118. [PMID: 32814582 PMCID: PMC7439537 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variability in the health effects of dietary fiber might arise from inter-individual differences in the gut microbiota's ability to ferment these substrates into beneficial metabolites. Our understanding of what drives this individuality is vastly incomplete and will require an ecological perspective as microbiomes function as complex inter-connected communities. Here, we performed a parallel two-arm, exploratory randomized controlled trial in 31 adults with overweight and class-I obesity to characterize the effects of long-chain, complex arabinoxylan (n = 15) at high supplementation doses (female: 25 g/day; male: 35 g/day) on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid production as compared to microcrystalline cellulose (n = 16, non-fermentable control), and integrated the findings using an ecological framework. RESULTS Arabinoxylan resulted in a global shift in fecal bacterial community composition, reduced α-diversity, and the promotion of specific taxa, including operational taxonomic units related to Bifidobacterium longum, Blautia obeum, and Prevotella copri. Arabinoxylan further increased fecal propionate concentrations (p = 0.012, Friedman's test), an effect that showed two distinct groupings of temporal responses in participants. The two groups showed differences in compositional shifts of the microbiota (p ≤ 0.025, PERMANOVA), and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses revealed that the propionate response was predictable through shifts and, to a lesser degree, baseline composition of the microbiota. Principal components (PCs) derived from community data were better predictors in MLR models as compared to single taxa, indicating that arabinoxylan fermentation is the result of multi-species interactions within microbiomes. CONCLUSION This study showed that long-chain arabinoxylan modulates both microbiota composition and the output of health-relevant SCFAs, providing information for a more targeted application of this fiber. Variation in propionate production was linked to both compositional shifts and baseline composition, with PCs derived from shifts of the global microbial community showing the strongest associations. These findings constitute a proof-of-concept for the merit of an ecological framework that considers features of the wider gut microbial community for the prediction of metabolic outcomes of dietary fiber fermentation. This provides a basis to personalize the use of dietary fiber in nutritional application and to stratify human populations by relevant gut microbiota features to account for the inconsistent health effects in human intervention studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02322112 , registered on July 3, 2015. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen K. Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Edward C. Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nami Baskota
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Janis Cole
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Yunus E. Tuncil
- Food Engineering Department, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ting Wang
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes and Centre Européen Nutrition Santé, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bruce R. Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Inés Martínez
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55455 USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Bakal
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- School of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork–National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YT20 Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Deehan EC, Yang C, Perez-Muñoz ME, Nguyen NK, Cheng CC, Triador L, Zhang Z, Bakal JA, Walter J. Precision Microbiome Modulation with Discrete Dietary Fiber Structures Directs Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:389-404.e6. [PMID: 32004499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DFs) impact the gut microbiome in ways often considered beneficial. However, it is unknown if precise and predictable manipulations of the gut microbiota, and especially its metabolic activity, can be achieved through DFs with discrete chemical structures. Using a dose-response trial with three type-IV resistant starches (RS4s) in healthy humans, we found that crystalline and phosphate cross-linked starch structures induce divergent and highly specific effects on microbiome composition that are linked to directed shifts in the output of either propionate or butyrate. The dominant RS4-induced effects were remarkably consistent within treatment groups, dose-dependent plateauing at 35 g/day, and can be explained by substrate-specific binding and utilization of the RS4s by bacterial taxa with different pathways for starch metabolism. Overall, these findings support the potential of using discrete DF structures to achieve targeted manipulations of the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions relevant to health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Nguyen K Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Christopher C Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lucila Triador
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Bakal
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|