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Gewitz A, Mendell J, Wang Y, Harris C, Olenchock BA, Podgrabinska S, Zheng W, Zhao A, Pan H, Vanhoutte F, Davis JD. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mibavademab (a leptin receptor agonist): Results from a first-in-human phase I study. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13762. [PMID: 38591811 PMCID: PMC11003274 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mibavademab (previously known as REGN4461), a fully human monoclonal antibody, is being investigated for the treatment of conditions associated with leptin deficiency. Here, we report pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity from a phase I study in healthy participants (NCT03530514). In part A, lean or overweight healthy participants were randomized to single-ascending-dose cohorts of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10, and 30 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.), or 300 and 600 mg subcutaneous doses of mibavademab or placebo. In part B, overweight or obese participants were randomized to receive multiple doses of mibavademab (15 mg/kg i.v. loading dose and 10 mg/kg i.v. at weeks 3, 6, and 9) or placebo, stratified by body mass index and baseline leptin levels: low leptin (<5 ng/mL) or relatively low leptin (5-8 ng/mL in men and 5-24 ng/mL in women). Fifty-six and 55 participants completed the single-ascending-dose and multiple-dose parts, respectively. In the single-ascending-dose cohorts, mibavademab PKs were nonlinear with target-mediated elimination, greater than dose-proportional increases in exposure, and there were no dose-dependent differences in total soluble leptin receptor (sLEPR) levels in serum over time. Following multiple-dose administration of mibavademab in participants with leptin <8 ng/mL, lower mean mibavademab concentrations, higher mean total sLEPR concentrations, and larger mean decreases in body weight than in the relatively low leptin cohorts were observed. Baseline leptin was correlated with mibavademab PKs and pharmacodynamics. No treatment-emergent anti-mibavademab antibodies were observed in any mibavademab-treated participant. Results from this study collectively inform further development of mibavademab to treat conditions associated with leptin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuhuan Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.TarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | | | - Wenjun Zheng
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.TarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - An Zhao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.TarrytownNew YorkUSA
| | - Hao Pan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.TarrytownNew YorkUSA
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Esen İ, Arslan H, Aktürk Esen S, Gülşen M, Kültekin N, Özdemir O. Early prediction of gallstone disease with a machine learning-based method from bioimpedance and laboratory data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37258. [PMID: 38394521 PMCID: PMC11309733 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease (GD) is a common gastrointestinal disease. Although traditional diagnostic techniques, such as ultrasonography, CT, and MRI, detect gallstones, they have some limitations, including high cost and potential inaccuracies in certain populations. This study proposes a machine learning-based prediction model for gallstone disease using bioimpedance and laboratory data. A dataset of 319 samples, comprising161 gallstone patients and 158 healthy controls, was curated. The dataset comprised 38 attributes of the participants, including age, weight, height, blood test results, and bioimpedance data, and it contributed to the literature on gallstones as a new dataset. State-of-the-art machine learning techniques were performed on the dataset to detect gallstones. The experimental results showed that vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, total body water, and lean mass are crucial features, and the gradient boosting technique achieved the highest accuracy (85.42%) in predicting gallstones. The proposed technique offers a viable alternative to conventional imaging techniques for early prediction of gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Esen
- Yüksek İhtisas University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Arslan
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Mervenur Gülşen
- Keçiören VM Medicalpark Hospital, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nimet Kültekin
- Keçiören VM Medicalpark Hospital, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Özdemir
- Yüksek İhtisas University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Altarejos JY, Pangilinan J, Podgrabinska S, Akinci B, Foss-Freitas M, Neidert AH, Ray Y, Zheng W, Kim S, Kamat V, Huang M, Min S, Mastaitis J, Dominguez-Gutierrez G, Kim JH, Stevis P, Huang T, Zambrowicz B, Olson WC, Godin S, Bradley E, Gewitz AD, Baker M, Hench R, Davenport MS, Chenevert TL, DiPaola F, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Herman GA, Musser BJ, Dansky H, Harp J, Gromada J, Sleeman MW, Oral EA, Olenchock BA. Preclinical, randomized phase 1, and compassionate use evaluation of REGN4461, a leptin receptor agonist antibody for leptin deficiency. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd4897. [PMID: 37992152 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency in the adipose-derived hormone leptin or leptin receptor signaling causes class 3 obesity in individuals with genetic loss-of-function mutations in leptin or its receptor LEPR and metabolic and liver disease in individuals with hypoleptinemia secondary to lipoatrophy such as in individuals with generalized lipodystrophy. Therapies that restore leptin-LEPR signaling may resolve these metabolic sequelae. We developed a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb), REGN4461 (mibavademab), that activates the human LEPR in the absence or presence of leptin. In obese leptin knockout mice, REGN4461 normalized body weight, food intake, blood glucose, and insulin sensitivity. In a mouse model of generalized lipodystrophy, REGN4461 alleviated hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. In a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled two-part study, REGN4461 was well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile. Treatment of individuals with overweight or obesity with REGN4461 decreased body weight over 12 weeks in those with low circulating leptin concentrations (<8 ng/ml) but had no effect on body weight in individuals with higher baseline leptin. Furthermore, compassionate-use treatment of a single patient with atypical partial lipodystrophy and a history of undetectable leptin concentrations associated with neutralizing antibodies to metreleptin was associated with noteable improvements in circulating triglycerides and hepatic steatosis. Collectively, these translational data unveil an agonist LEPR mAb that may provide clinical benefit in disorders associated with relatively low leptin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Y Altarejos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jeffrey Pangilinan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Simona Podgrabinska
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Baris Akinci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Maria Foss-Freitas
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adam H Neidert
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yonaton Ray
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Steven Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Vishal Kamat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Meilin Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Soo Min
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jason Mastaitis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Jee-Hae Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Panayiotis Stevis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Brian Zambrowicz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William C Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Stephen Godin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bradley
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew D Gewitz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Mark Baker
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rita Hench
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew S Davenport
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas L Chenevert
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank DiPaola
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Gary A Herman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Bret J Musser
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hayes Dansky
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Joyce Harp
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jesper Gromada
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Mark W Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elif A Oral
- Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin A Olenchock
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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A. Abd M, A. Abbas S, G. Shareef L. Impact of serum leptin and adiponectin levels on breast cancer in postmenopausal Iraqi women: an observational Study. F1000Res 2022; 11:1572. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127528.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the second most significant cause of death for women in Iraq, behind cardiovascular diseases. Obesity has been linked to a substantial increase in the risk of breast cancer. Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine gland, controlling the body's metabolism by secreting adipokines, which play a significant role in metabolism and inflammatory reactions. Methods: Overall, 90 postmenopausal women participated in this research. Of these, 60 patients with breast cancer were recruited at Baghdad's Oncology Teaching Hospital between October 2021 and February 2022: 30 were obese with a body mass index (BMI) of > 30 kg/m2 (group 1), and 30 were not obese (group 2). The third group consisted of 30 participants without breast cancer or obesity (group 3). Each person donated five milliliters of venous blood. The blood levels of adiponectin and leptin are determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: Control individuals who were not obese (group 3) had greater blood adiponectin levels than patients with cancer who were both obese and non-obese (groups 1 and 2), with no significant difference in serum adiponectin levels seen between groups 1 and 2. The findings also showed that group 1 (patients with breast cancer and obesity) had greater serum leptin levels than both group 2 (patients with breast cancer without obesity) and the control group (group 3), with no significant difference in serum leptin levels between groups 2 and 3. Conclusions: Adiponectin levels in the blood of women with breast cancer and obesity were low which may be due to high BMI, which reduces adiponectin's protective effects. Conversely, Leptin levels were more significant in the blood of women with breast cancer and obesity than in the control group, which may be due to its pro-inflammatory effects in obesity, among other variables.
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Cheng J, Luo Y, Li Y, Zhang F, Zhang X, Zhou X, Ji L. Sex- and body mass index-specific reference intervals for serum leptin: a population based study in China. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:54. [PMID: 35941672 PMCID: PMC9358897 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted by adipose tissue and is an important determinant of obesity and its complications. The purpose of this study was to establish sex- and body mass index (BMI)-specific reference intervals for serum leptin in a Chinese population and investigate the factors influencing leptin concentrations. Methods Fasting serum leptin levels were assayed in 469 men and 773 women from randomly sampled Chinese residents. Blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), liver enzymes, blood lipid profiles, creatinine, and uric acid (UA) levels were measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between serum leptin level and other variables. The reference intervals were determined by the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. Results The mean ± standard deviation serum leptin level was much higher in women (20.92 ± 12.96 ng/mL) than in men (6.45 ± 5.53 ng/mL). The reference interval of serum leptin was 0.33–19.85 ng/mL in men and 3.60–54.86 ng/mL in women. The specific reference intervals of serum leptin in men with BMI of 20 to < 25 and 25 to < 27.5 kg/m2 were 0.42–12.32 and 2.17–20.22 ng/ml, respectively. The specific reference intervals of serum leptin in women with BMI of 20 to < 25 and 25 to < 27.5 kg/m2 were 4.11–38.09 and 8.27–48.66 ng/ml, respectively. BMI was significantly correlated with Ln (leptin) both in men (r = 0.698, P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.626, P < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, serum leptin was correlated with BMI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), UA in women, and plus triglyceride (TG) in men. The variance in serum leptin levels could be partially explained by these variables in both women (adjusted R2 = 0.447) and men (adjusted R2 = 0.552). In participants with leptin levels higher than the reference intervals, significantly higher levels of HOMA-IR, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), UA, a higher proportion of central obesity (waist circumference [WC] > 90 cm), and metabolic syndrome were found in men, and significantly higher levels of HOMA-IR, UA and a higher proportion of central obesity (WC > 85 cm) were found in women. Conclusion This is the first study to establish sex- and BMI-specific reference intervals of leptin for both sexes in a large Chinese population. Serum concentration of leptin was predicted by BMI, HOMA-IR, UA in women, and TG in men. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00689-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Capital Medical University Pinggu Teaching Hospital, No. 59, Xinping North Road, Pinggu District, Beijing, 101200, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Jang HY, Han Y, Yoo HJ, Lee JH, Kim M. Effects of short-term dietary restriction on plasma metabolites and the subcutaneous fat area according to metabolic status in obese individuals: a case-control study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:62. [PMID: 34099056 PMCID: PMC8186103 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research elucidating the metabolic mechanisms that differentiate subtypes of obesity has been increasing. We aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week dietary intervention on the metabolomic profiles of obese subjects. METHODS Subjects followed a 12-week dietary restriction protocol consisting of a 300 kcal/day reduction in their usual caloric intake. Twenty-nine obese subjects were included and divided into two groups: the metabolic status maintenance group (n = 17, controls) and the metabolic status improvement group (n = 12, tests). We analyzed the somatometric and biochemical parameters and performed ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the plasma metabolites. RESULTS At 12 weeks, the fat percentage, whole fat area (WFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) at the L1 vertebra, and the levels of triglycerides, gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), and leptin were markedly decreased in the metabolic status improvement group, while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased compared with that in the metabolic status maintenance group. Metabolomic profiling at 12 weeks showed substantial differences in 4-aminobutyraldehyde (p = 0.005) and 4'-apo-β-carotenal (p = 0.024) between the two groups. Furthermore, an AUC value of 0.89 was obtained for the following seven featured biomarkers: triglycerides, gamma-GT, leptin, fat percentage, WFA, and SFA at the L1 vertebra, and 4-aminobutyraldehyde. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that 4-aminobutyraldehyde and related regional fat distribution parameters were strongly associated with obesity according to metabolic status. Thus, these biomarkers are potentially valuable in confirming the efficacy of short-term interventions and predicting metabolic status in obese individuals. TRIALS REGISTRATION This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT03135132 (registered 1 May 2017-retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yoon Jang
- Department of Science for Aging, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34054, Korea.
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Chen G, Wang Q, Xue R, Liu X, Yu H. Examining the Causal Inference of Leptin and Soluble Plasma Leptin Receptor Levels on Schizophrenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:753224. [PMID: 34777056 PMCID: PMC8578685 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.753224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Observational studies that have supported the role of the leptin level in schizophrenia (SCZ) risk are conflicting. Therefore, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate whether the circulating leptin and soluble plasma leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels play a causal role in SCZ risk. Methods: We first selected five independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the circulating leptin level and three independent SNPs associated with the sOB-R level from two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of European individuals. Then, we extracted their associations with SCZ using a large-scale GWAS that consisted of 40,675 patients with SCZ and 64,643 controls of European ancestry. We performed an MR analysis using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method to examine the causal effect of leptin on SCZ risk. Moreover, we performed sensitivity analyses to verify our MR results using the weighted median and MR-Egger methods. Results: According to the IVW method, genetically predicted circulating leptin levels were not associated with SCZ risk (OR = 1.98, for per 1-SD unit increase in leptin level; 95% CI, 0.87-4.53; p = 0.10). In addition, the sOB-R level showed no causal effect on the SCZ risk using IVW (OR = 0.98 for per 1-SD unit increase in sOB-R level; 95% CI, 0.97-1.00; p = 0.06). Our sensitivity analysis results confirmed our MR findings. Conclusions: By estimating the causal effect of leptin on SCZ risk using the MR methods, we identified no effect of genetically predicted circulating leptin or the sOB-R level on SCZ. As such, our study suggests that leptin might not be a risk factor for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Ranran Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Mustafa WW, Moahammed SS, Al-Jewari WM, Abdulrahman HS, Hussain SA. Association of Visceral Adiposity Index, Lipid Profile, and Serum Leptin with Glucose Intolerance Risks in Iraqi Obese Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2020; 12:468-474. [PMID: 33679095 PMCID: PMC7909059 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_324_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using visceral adiposity index (VAI), serum leptin, and lipid profile as indicators of impaired glucose tolerance in Iraqi obese patients. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Iraqi obese patients of both sexes. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), VAI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), serum leptin, and 2-h glucose tolerance test (2-h GT) were determined and compared with those of healthy non-obese control group. A correlation analysis was performed to determine the strength of association between the studied markers. Data were adjusted to determine gender differences in this regard. Statistical Analysis: Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Shapiro–Wilk analyses, Mann–Whitney U test, and unpaired t test were used for the two-group comparisons once applicable. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation analyses were used to measure the relationship levels between the studied variables. Results: A total of 144 obese patients were included; the mean age was 37.11 ± 8.2 years and 92 (63.9%) were females. Compared with non-obese subjects, the participants had significantly higher levels of BMI, WC, WHR, VAI, TG, leptin, and 2-h GTObese male subjects had significantly higher values of body weight, WC, HC, VAI, and TG compared with obese females. Elevated 2-h GT was significantly associated with VAI (r = 0.291, P = 0.0004), TG (r = 0.319, P = 0.0001), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (r = 0.435, P < 0.0001) in the obese patients only. Conclusions: The results provide evidence that VAI, TG, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio can be suggested as potential markers for the risk assessment of impaired glucose tolerance in Iraqi obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Waleed Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Samer Shukur Moahammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Wathiq Mohammed Al-Jewari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Saad Abdulrahman Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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Lee KW, Shin D. Prospective Associations of Serum Adiponectin, Leptin, and Leptin-Adiponectin Ratio with Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093287. [PMID: 32397260 PMCID: PMC7246697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of adiponectin and leptin in the etiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been explored in various populations, limited knowledge is available on the prospective association of adiponectin and leptin with the risk of MetS development. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of adiponectin, leptin, and the leptin-adiponectin (LA) ratio with the future risk of MetS in middle-aged and older Korean adults. Using a prospective, population-based Ansan-Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), 2691 Korean adults (1317 men and 1374 women) were included in the present study. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were measured using commonly available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the relationships of the different adiponectin and leptin concentrations and LA ratio with the incident MetS. During a mean follow-up of 6.75 years, a total of 359 (27.26%) men and 385 (28.02%) women were identified as developing new-onset MetS. After controlling for covariates, higher adiponectin levels were associated with lower incidence of MetS (hazard ratio (HR) for third vs. first tertile: 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40–0.70 for men and HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42–0.71 for women), while higher leptin levels (HR for third vs. first tertile: 2.88, 95% CI: 2.01–4.13 for men and HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13–2.13 for women) and LA ratio (HR for third vs. first tertile: 3.07, 95% CI: 2.13–4.44 for men and HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.41–2.66 for women) were associated with an increased incidence of MetS. Among men, in the fully adjusted models an increase by one standard deviation (SD) in adiponectin levels was associated with a 10% decrease in MetS risk (HR per SD: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85–0.95) while leptin and LA ratio was associated with a 5% (HR per SD: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08) and 40% (HR per SD: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.22–1.62) increase in MetS risk, respectively. Among women, a significant association with MetS risk was observed only in adiponectin levels (HR per SD: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88–0.95). We found that higher adiponectin level was associated with a lower risk of MetS, while higher leptin level and LA ratio were associated with elevated MetS incidence, irrespective of body mass index at baseline in both Korean men and women. Adiponectin and leptin levels and LA ratio could play a role as a useful biomarker in the prediction of future MetS development among middle-aged and older Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Korea;
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-8123
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Anusha K, Hettiaratchi UPK, Athiththan LV, Perera PPR. Inter-relationship of serum leptin levels with selected anthropometric parameters among a non-diabetic population: a cross-sectional study. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:551-556. [PMID: 28688049 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Association between serum leptin levels and anthropometric parameter is well established in western countries according to the specific WHO cut-off values assigned for those populations, whereas it is not clearly defined for Asians especially with respect to gender. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the relationship of serum leptin levels with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) to identify the variations of serum leptin levels with gender and to evaluate the serum leptin levels in risk and non-risk groups based on their anthropometric values. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among 226 apparently healthy subjects (non-diabetics, age 20-70 years). Height, weight, WC, hip circumference (HC) and mid arm circumference (MAC) were measured. BMI, WHR, waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Fasting blood samples were collected. Serum leptin levels were measured using human leptin ELISA kits. RESULTS Majority of the participants were females (59.3%). Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in females (24.8 ± 17.1 ng/mL) compared to males (9.3 ± 7.9 ng/mL). Significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between serum leptin levels and all anthropometric parameters except height in both genders. The risk groups according to BMI, WC and WHR in females were hyperleptinaemic and had significantly (P < 0.05) higher serum leptin levels than the non-risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Linear trend was observed for serum leptin levels with weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, MAC and WHtR in both genders. Though the serum leptin levels were higher among risk groups, according to WHR, WC and BMI, the hyperleptinaemia was observed only among females. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE A descriptive cross-sectional study, Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anusha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - U P K Hettiaratchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - L V Athiththan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - P P R Perera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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11
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Contribution of obesity as an effect regulator to an association between serum leptin and incident metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:275-280. [PMID: 30287258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether serum leptin can be a predictor for incident cases of MetS in a population-based study. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 1590 adults aged between 40 and 70 years, who did not have MetS in 2005-2008 (at baseline) and 2008-2011 (follow-up). The baseline serum leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS During an average of 2.8 years of follow-up, 113 men (17.1%) and 148 women (15.9%) developed MetS. In multivariable adjusted models, the odds ratio of incident MetS when comparing the lowest to the highest quartiles of leptin levels was 3.17 in men and 2.79 in women; nevertheless, the significance disappeared after adjusting for the body mass index (BMI). In subsidiary analyses by BMI, logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with the highest tertile of serum leptin level were 3.04 and 2.12 times more likely to have MetS than those with the lowest tertile in lean subjects (OR 3.04; 95% CI 1.44-6.41; p = .004 in men vs. OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.06-4.25; p = .036 in women, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Obesity is an effect regulator, which can predict an association between increased serum leptin level and the incidence of MetS in lean subjects.
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12
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Al-Amodi HS, Abdelbasit NA, Fatani SH, Babakr AT, Mukhtar MM. The effect of obesity and components of metabolic syndrome on leptin levels in Saudi women. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:357-364. [PMID: 29307577 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin levels are reported to be increased with excessive body fat and is a potential determinant of obesity and its complications. Our Objective is to evaluate the relationship between leptin levels and BMI, waist circumference and metabolic syndrome components in normal and obese females classified according to their BMI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 136 female subjects aged between 20 and 60 years were recruited for the current study. Anthropometric measures included body mass index and waist circumference. The blood samples were used for estimation of plasma fasting blood glucose and serum was used for estimation of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins, and total leptin. RESULTS Correlation between glucose and lipids profile with waist circumference among the whole study group (obese and non-obese) is reflecting that a strong positive correlation between BMI and blood glucose, serum TGs, cholesterol and LDL, a negative correlation was reported between BMI and serum HDL. Mean of leptin concentrations in two groups were found to be 5.77 ng/ml (±1.00) in non-obese and 28.89 ng/ml (±4.91) in the obese with metabolic syndrome. Leptin had a positive correlations with triglycerides (r = 0.84, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), LDL (r = 0.83, p < 0.001), waist circumference (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) in the test group. a negative correlation was reported between BMI and serum HDL (r = -0.48, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Leptin levels were high in Saudi women with high BMI and waist circumference. There was a significant correlation between leptin levels and Obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba S Al-Amodi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nazik Altayeb Abdelbasit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samir H Fatani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullatif Taha Babakr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Hijjawi NS, Al-Radaideh AM, Al-Fayomi KI, Nimer NA, Alabadi HA, Al-Zu'bi RM, Agraib LM, Allehdan SS, Tayyem RF. Relationship of serum leptin with some biochemical, anthropometric parameters and abdominal fat volumes as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:207-213. [PMID: 28967613 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To measure the level of leptin in volunteers and correlate it with several anthropometric, biochemical variables and abdominal fat volumes. METHODS The level of leptin was investigated in 167 disease-free volunteers. Serum levels of IL-6, adiponectin, and resistin, blood lipid profile (cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) were determined. Waist circumference (WC) was measured using tape and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. RESULTS All measured anthropometric (BMI, WC measured by tape and MRI) and biochemical variables (adiponectin, resistin, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TG); and abdominal fats showed a significant (p<0.05) difference between participants with abnormal serum leptin levels and those with normal leptin levels. A higher percentage of participants with abnormal serum leptin were obese males while participants with normal leptin levels were either overweight or normal weight females. A significant (p <0.05) positive correlation was detected between serum leptin concentration and WC, BMI, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, total abdominal fat, and resistin. A moderate association was found between serum leptin concentration and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. CONCLUSION Abnormal serum leptin, was detected in obese male individuals which may be considered as an important indicator for the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal S Hijjawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ali M Al-Radaideh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Kholoud I Al-Fayomi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nisreen A Nimer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hadeel A Alabadi
- Department of Radiology, King Hussein Medical Center, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rana M Al-Zu'bi
- Department of Nutrition, King Hussein Medical Center, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lana M Agraib
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sabika S Allehdan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reema F Tayyem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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Black MH, Shu YH, Wu J, Koebnick C, MacKay A, Watanabe RM, Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Longitudinal Increases in Adiposity Contribute to Worsening Adipokine Profile over Time in Mexican Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:703-712. [PMID: 29427376 PMCID: PMC6021026 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited studies have assessed the relationship between longitudinal changes in adiposity and changes in multiple adipokines over time. This study examined changes in BMI, total body fat, and trunk fat associated with changes in 16 circulating adipokines in Mexican Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants included 1,213 individuals with cross-sectional data and a subset of 368 individuals with follow-up measures (mean 4.6 ± 1.5 years from baseline). Joint multivariate associations between 3 adiposity measures and 16 adipokines were assessed by canonical correlation analysis. RESULTS Longitudinal increases in adiposity were most strongly associated with increasing leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and decreasing adiponectin and secreted frizzled protein 5 (SFRP5) over time. Participants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at baseline had greater increases in leptin, CRP, IL-1Ra, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and greater decreases in adiponectin and SFRP5, associated with increasing adiposity over follow-up, than those with BMI < 30 kg/m2 . Associations between adiposity and adipokines were most accounted for by leptin; adjustment for leptin greatly reduced the magnitude of all associations between adiposity and remaining adipokines. CONCLUSIONS Increasing adiposity contributes to a worsening imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines over time, in which leptin may have an important role as a key mediator of metabolic disease risk in Mexican Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Black
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Shu
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Corinna Koebnick
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Adrienne MacKay
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas A. Buchanan
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
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15
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Curtis JR, Xie F, Chen L, Saag KG, Yun H, Muntner P. Biomarker-related risk for myocardial infarction and serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:386-392. [PMID: 29269418 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity and associated systemic inflammation has been associated with serious infection (SIEs), myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary heart disease (CHD) events based on a few registry studies or clinical trials. There are few data from large-scale population-based studies given feasibility challenges in conducting such investigations. METHODS Multibiomarker disease activity (MBDA) test scores (n=77 641) were linked to Medicare for US patients with RA. Outcomes of interest were hospitalised pneumonia/sepsis (SIE), MI and a composite CHD outcome. The MBDA score ranges from 1 to 100 and was analysed as time-varying. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the association between MBDA score and SIEs, MI and CHD events, controlling for potential confounders. A sensitivity analysis excluded C reactive protein (CRP) from the MBDA score. RESULTS There were 17 433 and 16 796 patients eligible for the SIE and MI/CHD analyses, respectively. Mean (SD) age was 69 (11) years, 79% were women, 81% were white and 38% were disabled. Over 16 424 person-years of follow-up, there were 452 SIE events, 132 MIs and 181 CHD events. Higher MBDA scores were associated with SIEs (HR=1.32, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.41 per 10 unit MBDA score change). For MI/CHD events, a threshold effect was present; higher disease activity by MBDA score was associated with increased MI (HR=1.52, 95% CI 0.92 to 2.49) and CHD rates (HR=1.54, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.34, comparing scores ≥30 vs <30). Analyses of the MBDA score without CRP yielded similar results. CONCLUSION Higher MBDA scores were associated with hospitalised infection, MI and CHD events in a large, predominantly older, US RA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Curtis
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Fenglong Xie
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lang Chen
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kenneth G Saag
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Huifeng Yun
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Paul Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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16
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Moselhy SS, Alhetari YA, Iyer A, Huwait EA, AL-Ghamdi MA, AL-Ghamdi S, Balamash KS, Basuni AA, Alama MN, Kumosani TA, Yaghmoor SS. Analysis of SNPs of MC4R, GNB3 and FTO gene polymorphism in obese Saudi subjects. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:1059-1069. [PMID: 29937877 PMCID: PMC5870267 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this study was to analyze the association between the FTO rs17817449 (G>T), G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) C825T and Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) A822G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with obesity in Saudi subjects. Methods The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to BMI: Obese (BMI> 29.9) and non- obese control (BMI<24.9). Genotyping of the target genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). Results We demonstrated the association of the FTO genotype TT with increased weight, BMI and leptin levels in both males and females. However, there was no association of genotype TT with fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Regarding GNB3 rs5443 polymorphism, the likelihood of obesity was linked to the TT genotype which was also associated with increased leptin levels. On the other hand, the SNP of MC4R A822G did not exhibit any significant association with obesity among studied subjects and showed only the presence of homozygous AA genotype. Conclusion The polymorphism of FTO gene rs17817449 and GNB3 gene rs5443 (C825T) may be a genetic determinant of obesity in Saudi population whereas impact of MC4R Asn274Ser change could not be detected.
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17
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Evans SF, Beebe M, Mahmood M, Janthachotikun S, Eldoumi H, Peterson S, Payton M, Perkins-Veazie P, Smith BJ, Lucas EA. Mango Supplementation Has No Effects on Inflammatory Mediators in Obese Adults. Nutr Metab Insights 2017; 10:1178638817731770. [PMID: 28983188 PMCID: PMC5621662 DOI: 10.1177/1178638817731770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study examined the effects of freeze-dried mango (Mangifera indica L.) supplementation on anthropometric measurements, lipid parameters, and inflammatory mediators in obese individuals. A total of 20 obese (body mass index [BMI]: 30-35 kg/m2) adults (11 men and 9 women), aged 20 to 50 years, received 10 g/d of ground freeze-dried mango pulp for 12 weeks. Anthropometrics, lipids, and inflammatory mediators were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of mango supplementation. There were no differences between baseline and final visits in inflammatory mediators, lipids, diet, physical activity, and anthropometrics. Relationships were present at baseline and final visits between adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and between leptin and fat mass. Correlations were found after 12 weeks of mango supplementation between leptin and the following variables: waist-to-height ratio, BMI, percent fat, and fat mass. Our findings demonstrate that 12-week consumption of freeze-dried mango by obese individuals has no impact on obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley F Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Maureen Beebe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Maryam Mahmood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Heba Eldoumi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mark Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Penelope Perkins-Veazie
- Department of Horticulture Science, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 Receptors as Leptin-Breast Cancer Regulation Mechanisms. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:4862016. [PMID: 29311755 PMCID: PMC5605926 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4862016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of breast cancer is influenced by the adipose tissue through the proteins leptin and adiponectin. However, there is little research concerning AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors and the influence of leptin over them. The objective of this work was to analyze the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, modulated by differential concentrations of leptin in an obesity model (10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, and 1000 ng/mL) associated with breast cancer in MCF-7 and HCC1937 cell lines. Each cell line was characterized through immunohistochemistry, and the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 was analyzed by PCR in real time using TaqMan® probes. Leptin induced an increase in cell population of MCF-7 (23.8%, 10 ng/mL, 48 h) and HCC1937 (17.24%, 1000 ng/mL, 72 h). In MCF-7, the expression of AdipoR1 decreased (3.81%, 1000 ng/mL) and the expression of AdipoR2 increased by 13.74 times (10 ng/mL) with regard to the control. In HCC1937, the expression of AdipoR1 decreased by 86.28% (10 ng/mL), as well as the expression of AdipoR2 (50.3%, 100 ng/mL). In regard to the results obtained, it could be concluded that leptin has an effect over the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA.
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Hunma S, Ramuth H, Miles-Chan JL, Schutz Y, Montani JP, Joonas N, Dulloo AG. Do gender and ethnic differences in fasting leptin in Indians and Creoles of Mauritius persist beyond differences in adiposity? Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:280-283. [PMID: 28852206 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent body composition studies on the island of Mauritius in young adults belonging to the two main ethnicities-Indians (South Asian descent) and Creoles (African/Malagasy descent)-have shown gender-specific ethnic differences in their body mass index (BMI)-Fat% relationships. We investigated here whether potential gender and ethnic differences in blood leptin would persist beyond that explained by differences in body composition. In healthy young adult Mauritian Indians and Creoles (79 men and 80 women; BMI range: 15-41 kg m-2), we investigated the relationships between fasted serum leptin with BMI, waist circumference (WC), total fat% assessed by deuterium oxide dilution technique and central adiposity (trunk fat%) assessed by abdominal bioimpedance analysis. The results indicate that the greater elevations in leptin-BMI and leptin-WC regression lines in women compared with men, as well as in Indian men compared with Creole men, are abolished when BMI and WC are replaced by total body fat% and trunk fat%, respectively. In women, no significant between-ethnic difference is observed in total body fat%, trunk fat% and serum leptin. Thus, in young adult Mauritians, a population at high risk for later cardiometabolic diseases, the differences in body fat% entirely accounted for the observed gender and ethnic differences in serum leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hunma
- Obesity Unit, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Victoria Hospital, Mauritius.,Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H Ramuth
- Obesity Unit, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Victoria Hospital, Mauritius.,Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J L Miles-Chan
- Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y Schutz
- Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J-P Montani
- Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - N Joonas
- Obesity Unit, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Victoria Hospital, Mauritius
| | - A G Dulloo
- Division of Medicine/Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Curtis JR, Greenberg JD, Harrold LR, Kremer JM, Palmer JL. Influence of obesity, age, and comorbidities on the multi-biomarker disease activity test in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 47:472-477. [PMID: 28947312 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional markers of inflammation are often required for inclusion in rheumatoid arthritis trials, yet patients with active disease may have normal lab tests. The potential use of the multi-biomarker disease activity (MBDA) test in this setting is unclear, as is understanding of whether it is influenced by patient characteristics (e.g., age, BMI, and comorbidities). METHODS Using data from the Corrona registry, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of RA patients with MBDA tests. Patients were classified as low (<30), moderate (30-44, and high (>44) and by clinical and RA-related factors. Regression was used to evaluate the association between MBDA score and age, body mass index, comorbidities, and RA-related factors. RESULTS Of 357 eligible patients, 76% (n = 273) had normal CRP (<10mg/L) with high (33%), moderate (45%), and low (22%) disease activity by MBDA. The MBDA score was significantly associated with BMI, age, CDAI, and SJC. There was no association between MBDA score and fibromyalgia, diabetes, smoking, or COPD; none were confounders between MBDA score and either SJC or CDAI. For patients in CDAI remission, older age (2.6 units per decade; p = 0.03) and obesity (β = 10.5 for BMI > 30, referent to <25; p = 0.02) were independently associated with MBDA score. An adjusted MBDA score was proposed that was highly correlated with the original MBDA (r = 0.91). CONCLUSION In this real-world analysis, the MBDA score was associated with RA disease activity, obesity, and age, and was negligibly affected by common comorbidities. Almost one-third of patients with normal CRP had high MBDA scores. An adjustment to the MBDA score to account for body mass index and age is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Curtis
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT 802, 510, 20th St South, Birmingham, AL 35294.
| | - Jeffrey D Greenberg
- Corrona LLC, Southborough, MA; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Leslie R Harrold
- Departments of Orthopedics and Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Joel M Kremer
- The Center for Rheumatology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
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21
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Zaki M, Kamal S, Ezzat W, Hassan N, Yousef W, Ryad H, Mohamed R, Youness E, Basha W, Elhosary Y. Serum apelin levels and metabolic risk markers in obese women. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 15:423-429. [PMID: 30647682 PMCID: PMC6296620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue hormones, Adipokines, play an important role in obesity-associated complications. Apelin has recently been added to the family of adipokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum apelin levels and metabolic abnormal parameters in Egyptian obese women. Materials and methods The study included 400 unrelated women; they were 200 obese women and 200 non- obese matched healthy women. All participants underwent clinical, anthropometric and biochemical examinations. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum apelin levels and obesity biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Fat mass was measured by Tanita Body Composition Analyzer. Results Obese women showed significant higher levels of serum apelin, leptin, triglycerides, LDL-C, total cholesterol, fasting insulin HOMA-IR and blood pressure levels than controls. Significant positive correlations between apelin and leptin levels with abnormal metabolic markers were noted in obese women. Conclusion The present study suggests the significant role that might be mediated by apelin for developing abnormal metabolic parameters among Egyptian obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushira Zaki
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Kamal
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Ezzat
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Hassan
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa Yousef
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Ryad
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramy Mohamed
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Youness
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa Basha
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser Elhosary
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Research Division, Giza, Egypt
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22
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Treeprasertsuk S, Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra-Johnson J, Lindor KD, Angulo P, Lopez-Jimenez F. Association of adiposity, measures of metabolic dysregulation, and elevated alanine aminotransferase in subjects with normal body mass index. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0805.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Differences in body fat (BF) distribution in patients with normal body mass index (BMI) with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) remains poorly described.
Objective: To determine the relationship between total BF, waist circumference (WC), insulin resistance (IR), and cardiometabolic risk profile in subjects with elevated ALT and normal BMI.
Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 4,914 US participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, who were ≥20 years of age, had normal BMI, and had body composition assessed by bioimpedance.
Results: Mean ± SD age was 41.4 ± 0.3 years, and 58% participants were women. BF was 20 ± 0.1% in men and 29.9 ± 0.1% in women. As total BF increased by tertiles, there was a tendency towards a higher prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in men (6.1%, 6.5%, 9.5%, P = 0.13), but not in women (8.7%, 8.2%, 10.7%, P = 0.71). As WC increased by tertiles, there was a higher prevalence of elevated ALT in men (2.6%, 8.6%, 6.6%, P < 0.0001), but not in women. As ALT increased, men had significantly higher levels of nonhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased apolipoprotein B, increased IR, and lower levels of C-reactive protein, whereas, women had higher levels of non-HDL-C and increased IR.
Conclusion: In subjects with normal BMI, increased WC is associated with a higher prevalence of elevated ALT in men, but not in women. Higher levels of ALT correlated with a poor cardiometabolic risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sombat Treeprasertsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Foundation Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA Thailand
- Correspondence: MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Abel Romero-Corral
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Foundation Rochester, MN, Minnesota 55902, USA United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia 19141, United States of America
| | - Virend K. Somers
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Foundation Rochester, MN, Minnesota 55902, United States of America
| | - Justo Sierra-Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keith D. Lindor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Foundation Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States of America
| | - Paul Angulo
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, United States of America
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Foundation Rochester, MN, Minnesota 55902, United States of America
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Hirsch KR, Smith-Ryan AE, Blue MN, Mock MG, Trexler ET, Ondrak KS. Metabolic characterization of overweight and obese adults. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2016; 44:362-372. [PMID: 27737609 PMCID: PMC5220642 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2016.1248222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traditional evaluations of metabolic health may overlook underlying dysfunction in individuals who show no signs of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to characterize metabolic health in overweight and obese adults using traditional and non-traditional cardiometabolic variables. A secondary purpose was to evaluate differences between overweight/obese and male/female cohorts, respectively. METHODS Forty-nine overweight and obese adults (Mean ± SD; Age = 35.0 ± 8.9 yrs; Body mass index = 33.6 ± 5.2 kg·m-2; Percent body fat [%fat] = 36.7 ± 7.9%) were characterized. Body composition (fat mass [FM], lean mass [LM], %fat) was calculated using a 4-compartment model; visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was quantified using B-mode ultrasound. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were evaluated using indirect calorimetry. Fasted blood and saliva samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TRG), glucose (GLUC), insulin, leptin, estradiol, and cortisol. RESULTS The prevalence of individuals with two or more cardiometabolic risk factors increased from 13%, using traditional risk factors (GLUC, TRG, HDL), to 80% when non-traditional metabolic factors (VAT, LM, RMR, RER, TC, LDL, HOMA-IR) were considered. Between overweight/obese, there were no significant differences in %fat (p = 0.152), VAT (p = 0.959), RER (p = 0.493), lipids/GLUC (p > 0.05), insulin (p = 0.143), leptin (p = 0.053), or cortisol (p = 0.063); obese had higher FM, LM, RMR, and estradiol (p < 0.01). Males had greater LM, RMR, and TRG (p < 0.01); females had greater %fat, and leptin (p < 0.001). There were no significant sex differences in RER, estradiol, insulin, or cortisol (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Evaluating metabolic health beyond BMI and traditional cardiometabolic risk factors can give significant insights into metabolic status. Due to high variability in metabolic health in overweight and obese adults and inherent sex differences, implementation of body composition and visceral fat measures in the clinical setting can improve early identification and approaches to disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R. Hirsch
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Malia N.M. Blue
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Meredith G. Mock
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eric T. Trexler
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kristin S. Ondrak
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Alleyne SI, LaPoint V. Obesity among Black Adolescent Girls: Genetic, Psychosocial, and Cultural Influences. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798404266062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on the causes, consequences, and prevention of obesity among a subgroup of the American population, Black adolescent girls. Using an ecological perspective on obesity among Black adolescent girls, including feminist-womanist perspectives and historical and medical sociological perspectives, the authors discuss genetic, psychosocial, and cultural factors that may influence the propensity of Black adolescent girls’ susceptibility to obesity and to diabetes, one of the major complications of obesity. Prevention strategies, including individual and structural interventions, are illuminated.
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25
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McDuffie IA, Akhter N, Childs GV. Regulation of Leptin mRNA and Protein Expression in Pituitary Somatotropes. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 52:263-73. [PMID: 14729878 DOI: 10.1177/002215540405200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, the ob protein, regulates food intake and satiety and can be found in the anterior pituitary. Leptin antigens and mRNA were studied in the anterior pituitary (AP) cells of male and female rats to learn more about its regulation. Leptin antigens were found in over 40% of cells in diestrous or proestrous female rats and in male rats. Lower percentages of AP cells were seen in the estrous population (21 ± 7%). During peak expression of antigens, co-expression of leptin and growth hormone (GH) was found in 27 ± 4% of AP cells. Affinity cytochemistry studies detected 24 ± 3% of AP cells with leptin proteins and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) receptors. These data suggested that somatotropes were a significant source of leptin. To test regulatory factors, estrous and diestrous AP populations were treated with estrogen (100 pM) and/or GHRH (2 nM) to learn if either would increase leptin expression in GH cells. To rule out the possibility that the immunoreactive leptin was bound to receptors in somatotropes, leptin mRNA was also detected by non-radioactive in situ hybridization in this group of cells. In estrous female rats, 39 ± 0.9% of AP cells expressed leptin mRNA, indicating that the potential for leptin production was greater than predicted from the immunolabeling. Estrogen and GHRH together (but not alone) increased percentages of cells with leptin protein (41 ± 9%) or mRNA (57 ± 5%). Estrogen and GHRH also increased the percentages of AP cells that co-express leptin mRNA and GH antigens from 20 ± 2% of AP cells to 37 ± 5%. Although the significance of leptin in GH cells is not understood, it is clearly increased after stimulation with GHRH and estrogen. Because GH cells also have leptin receptors, this AP leptin may be an autocrine or paracrine regulator of pituitary cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A McDuffie
- Department of Nutrition, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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26
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Huang F, Del-Río-Navarro BE, Torres-Alcántara S, Pérez-Ontiveros JA, Ruiz-Bedolla E, Saucedo-Ramírez OJ, Villafaña S, Sánchez Muñoz F, Bravo G, Hong E. Adipokines, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, and pulmonary function in adolescents with asthma and obesity. J Asthma 2016; 54:153-161. [PMID: 27337146 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1200611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate whether the metabolic abnormalities of adipokines and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) associate with pulmonary function deficits in adolescents with obesity and asthma. METHODS This study enrolled 28 obese adolescents with asthma, 46 obese adolescents without asthma, 58 normal-weight adolescents with asthma, and 63 healthy control subjects. Serum levels of leptin, high-molecule-weight (HMW) adiponectin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and pulmonary function were qualified. RESULTS The obese subjects had higher levels of leptin and ADMA but lower levels of HMW adiponectin than the normal-weight subjects with or without asthma. The subjects with asthma had higher levels of RBP4 than those without asthma. The obese adolescents with asthma had lowest forced expiratory lung volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio among the four study groups. In all the study subjects and in the subjects with asthma alone, the FEV1/FVC ratio associated negatively with leptin, however, such association was rendered non-significant when adjusted for BMI. The pulmonary function deficits associated inversely with BMI percentile in the subjects with asthma. However, the decreased FEV1/FVC ratio was not correlated with HMW adiponectin, RBP4 or ADMA. CONCLUSIONS Our present study confirmed obstructive pattern of pulmonary function characterized by the reduced FEV1/FVC ratio in the obese adolescents with asthma. These pulmonary deficits were associated inversely with the increased BMI percentile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Huang
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital Infántil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Saúl Torres-Alcántara
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital Infántil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - José Alfredo Pérez-Ontiveros
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital Infántil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Eliseo Ruiz-Bedolla
- c Center Laboratory, Hospital Infántil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Santiago Villafaña
- d Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez Muñoz
- e Departamento de Atención a la Salud , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Bravo
- f Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Enrique Hong
- f Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
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27
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Sobko EA, Solovyeva IA, Demko IV, Kraposhina AY, Ishchenko OP, Razzakova NM, Egorov SA, Vtyurina SS, Prugova VL. [Functional and laboratory characteristics in the concomitance of asthma and obesity at a young age]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016; 88:40-46. [PMID: 27030328 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201688340-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the peripheral blood level of leptin and adiponectin and their possible effect on the functional status of the respiratory system in young asthmatic patients in relation to body mass index (BMI) for the optimization of asthma therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Examinations were made in 133 people, including a study group of 93 patients with asthma who were divided into 2 groups according to BMI: 1) those with a BMI of less 25 kg/m2 and 2) those with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more, as well as a control group of 40 apparently healthy patients. The investigators studied external respiratory function (ERF), the peripheral blood levels of leptin and adiponectin, the biochemical composition of plasma, by determining total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. RESULTS Lipid metabolic disorders as dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia, increased severity of disease, and decreased ERF were recorded in the concomitance of obesity and asthma. The peripheral blood level of leptin in young asthmatic patients with obesity was found to be associated with higher BMI. CONCLUSION A more severe course of disease presenting with decreased ERF, impaired lipid metabolism, and elevated peripheral blood leptin levels were noted in the concomitance of asthma and obesity at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Sobko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Krasnoyarsk Territorial Hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - I A Solovyeva
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - I V Demko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Kraposhina
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - O P Ishchenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Krasnoyarsk Territorial Hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - N M Razzakova
- Krasnoyarsk Territorial Hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - S A Egorov
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - S S Vtyurina
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - V L Prugova
- Krasnoyarsk Territorial Hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Kankaanranta H, Kauppi P, Tuomisto LE, Ilmarinen P. Emerging Comorbidities in Adult Asthma: Risks, Clinical Associations, and Mechanisms. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3690628. [PMID: 27212806 PMCID: PMC4861800 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3690628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Most studies with asthma have been performed in patients being otherwise healthy. However, in real life, comorbid diseases are very common in adult patients. We review here the emerging comorbid conditions to asthma such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), and cardiac and psychiatric diseases. Their role as risk factors for incident asthma and whether they affect clinical asthma are evaluated. Obesity, independently or as a part of metabolic syndrome, DM2, and depression are risk factors for incident asthma. In contrast, the effects of comorbidities on clinical asthma are less well-known and mostly studies are lacking. Cross-sectional studies in obese asthmatics suggest that they may have less well controlled asthma and worse lung function. However, no long-term clinical follow-up studies with these comorbidities and asthma were identified. These emerging comorbidities often occur in the same multimorbid adult patient and may have in common metabolic pathways and inflammatory or other alterations such as early life exposures, systemic inflammation, inflammasome, adipokines, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, lung mechanics, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbed nitric oxide metabolism, and leukotrienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Kankaanranta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tampere, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena E. Tuomisto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Pinja Ilmarinen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
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Farrokhi M, Dabirzadeh M, Fadaee E, Beni AA, Saadatpour Z, Rezaei A, Heidari Z. Polymorphism in Leptin and Leptin Receptor Genes May Modify Leptin Levels and Represent Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:328-35. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1157811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Zarrati M, Salehi E, Razmpoosh E, Shoormasti RS, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Shidfar F. Relationship between leptin concentration and body fat with peripheral blood mononuclear cells cytokines among obese and overweight adults. Ir J Med Sci 2016; 186:133-142. [PMID: 27085343 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-016-1454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity has been suggested to be well correlated with altered levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. AIM The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship of body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP) and leptin levels with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cytokines among obese and overweight adults. METHODS Eighty-two overweight and obese individuals were divided into two BMI-category groups (BMI <30 and BMI ≥30 kg/m2) in this study. Balanced blocked randomization was used based on their sex and BMI ranges. Fasting blood samples, PBMCs cytokines, leptin and anthropometric indices were measured and PBMCs were cultured. RESULTS Mean of leptin concentrations were 23.14 ± 4.07 and 28.25 ± 4.35 pg/ml among individuals with BMI <30 and BMI ≥30 kg/m2, respectively. The mean values of anthropometric measurements (all P < 0.001), the concentrations of TNF-α (P = 0.028) and IFN-γ (P = 0.029) were significantly higher among obese individuals. BFP had a significant positive correlation with leptin (P < 0.001, r = 0.445) and TGF-β (P = 0.03, r = 0.243). BFM has significant positive correlation with leptin (P < 0.001, r = 0.521). Leptin had a positive significant correlation with IFN-γ (p = 0.03, r = 0.251). CONCLUSIONS Regarding these results, we proved that BFP, BFM and leptin levels have significant correlations with some PBMC cytokines. Focusing on such strategies may lead to promises for alleviating obesity and its co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zarrati
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Salehi
- Immunology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Razmpoosh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - R S Shoormasti
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - F Shidfar
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lawler HM, Underkofler CM, Kern PA, Erickson C, Bredbeck B, Rasouli N. Adipose Tissue Hypoxia, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Obese Insulin-Sensitive and Obese Insulin-Resistant Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1422-8. [PMID: 26871994 PMCID: PMC4880157 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A substantial number of obese individuals are relatively insulin sensitive and the etiology for this variation remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to detect factors in adipose tissue differentiating obese insulin-sensitive (OBIS) from obese insulin-resistant (OBIR) individuals and investigate whether adipose tissue hypoxia is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a cross-sectional study in the general community. PARTICIPANTS Subjects consisted of nondiabetic OBIS and OBIR subjects with similar body mass index, age, and total body fat but different insulin sensitivity index as well as lean insulin-sensitive subjects. INTERVENTIONS(S) There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We examined adipocytokines and the expression of candidate genes regulating hypoxia, inflammation, and lipogenesis in adipose tissue and adipose tissue oxygenation. RESULTS OBIS subjects had increased plasma adiponectin but similar plasma TNFα and leptin levels as compared with OBIR subjects. Genes regulating inflammation (CD68, MCP1, scavenger receptor A, and oxidized LDL receptor 1) were increased by 40%–60% (P < .05) in OBIR vs OBIS cohorts. In addition, genes involved in extracellular matrix formation such as collagen VI and MMP7 were up-regulated by 43% and 78% (P < .05), respectively, in OBIR vs OBIS. The expression of HIF1α and VEGF gene expression was increased by 37% and 52%, respectively, in OBIR vs OBIS (P < .01). Despite the differential expression in hypoxia-related genes, adipose tissue oxygenation measured by a Licox oxygen probe was not different between OBIS and OBIR subjects, but it was higher in lean subjects as compared with obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance independent of obesity in humans. Whether hypoxia is simply a consequence of adipose tissue expansion or is related to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance is yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Lawler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (H.M.L., C.M.U., C.E., B.B., N.R.), University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; University of Kentucky and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center (P.A.K.), Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System (N.R.), Denver, Colorado 80262
| | - Chantal M Underkofler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (H.M.L., C.M.U., C.E., B.B., N.R.), University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; University of Kentucky and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center (P.A.K.), Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System (N.R.), Denver, Colorado 80262
| | - Philip A Kern
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (H.M.L., C.M.U., C.E., B.B., N.R.), University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; University of Kentucky and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center (P.A.K.), Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System (N.R.), Denver, Colorado 80262
| | - Christopher Erickson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (H.M.L., C.M.U., C.E., B.B., N.R.), University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; University of Kentucky and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center (P.A.K.), Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System (N.R.), Denver, Colorado 80262
| | - Brooke Bredbeck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (H.M.L., C.M.U., C.E., B.B., N.R.), University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; University of Kentucky and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center (P.A.K.), Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System (N.R.), Denver, Colorado 80262
| | - Neda Rasouli
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes (H.M.L., C.M.U., C.E., B.B., N.R.), University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; University of Kentucky and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center (P.A.K.), Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System (N.R.), Denver, Colorado 80262
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Asao K, Marekani AS, VanCleave J, Rothberg AE. Leptin Level and Skipping Breakfast: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). Nutrients 2016; 8:115. [PMID: 26927164 PMCID: PMC4808845 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skipping breakfast is a common dietary habit considered to be unhealthy. However, the mechanisms underlying skipping breakfast have not been fully explored. Leptin is a hormone that regulates food intake and energy storage and secretes in a diurnal rhythm with lowest levels in the morning. We examined the association between the serum leptin level and skipping breakfast in 5714 adults in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994. We defined breakfast as any food or beverage consumed between 5:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. using a single 24-h recall. Skipped breakfast was seen in 13.1%. In the logistic regression models with and without adjusting for adiposity and sex, leptin levels were not associated with skipping breakfast. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and time of venipuncture, the association remained insignificant. After further adjusting for potential confounders: physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking and diabetes and after further adjusting for: dietary factors, insulin and glucose levels, there was a 9% and 11%-12%, respectively, statistically significantly higher likelihood of skipping breakfast if the leptin level was more than 50% greater. Further investigation into the biological reasons for skipping breakfast may be useful for promoting healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Asao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N. Pauline Street, Ste. 633, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Amandine Sambira Marekani
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N. Pauline Street, Ste. 633, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Jessica VanCleave
- Church Health Center Wellness, 1115 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
| | - Amy E Rothberg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Domino's Farms Lobby G, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Wulaningsih W, Holmberg L, Ng T, Rohrmann S, Van Hemelrijck M. Serum leptin, C-reactive protein, and cancer mortality in the NHANES III. Cancer Med 2015; 5:120-8. [PMID: 26632325 PMCID: PMC4708908 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines, such as leptin, may affect cancer through its link with inflammation and obesity. We investigated the association between leptin, C‐reactive protein, and risk of cancer death while accounting general and abdominal obesity. From the Third National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES III), we selected 5957 adult men and women with baseline measurements of serum leptin and CRP. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess leptin and CRP levels (low, moderate, high) in relation to risk of cancer death. Stratification analyses were performed for obesity as defined by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Fine and Gray regression was performed to account for death from cardiovascular disease and other causes as competing events. A total of 385 participants died of cancer during a mean follow‐up of 18 years. After adjusting for BMI and waist circumference, an inverse association with log‐transformed leptin was found for women, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–1.30) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.24–0.68) for moderate and high compared to low levels of leptin, respectively; Ptrend = 0.0007). No association for leptin was observed in men, but higher CRP corresponded to increased risk of dying from cancer (HR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.57–5.64 for the highest vs. lowest categories of CRP). Similar associations were observed with competing risk analysis also adjusted for BMI and waist circumference. Contrasting associations of serum leptin and CRP with cancer mortality may indicate sex‐specific biological or environmental pathways linking obesity and cancer in men and women which warrant mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Wulaningsih
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Holmberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Regional Cancer Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tony Ng
- Randall Division and Division of Cancer Studies, Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ishii M, Iadecola C. Adipocyte-derived factors in age-related dementia and their contribution to vascular and Alzheimer pathology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:966-74. [PMID: 26546479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related dementia is increasingly recognized as having a mixed pathology, with contributions from both cerebrovascular factors and pathogenic factors associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, there is accumulating evidence that vascular risk factors in midlife, e.g., obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, increase the risk of developing late-life dementia. Since obesity and changes in body weight/adiposity often drive diabetes and hypertension, understanding the relationship between adiposity and age-related dementia may reveal common underlying mechanisms. Here we offer a brief appraisal of how changes in body weight and adiposity are related to both AD and dementia on vascular basis, and examine the involvement of two key adipocyte-derived hormones: leptin and adiponectin. The evidence suggests that in midlife increased body weight/adiposity and subsequent changes in adipocyte-derived hormones may increase the long-term susceptibility to dementia. On the other hand, later in life, decreases in body weight/adiposity and related hormonal changes are early manifestations of disease that precede the onset of dementia and may promote AD and vascular pathology. Understanding the contribution of adiposity to age-related dementia may help identify the underlying pathological mechanisms common to both vascular dementia and AD, and provide new putative targets for early diagnosis and therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia, edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau and Donna M. Wilcock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishii
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, USA.
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The Association of Serum Leptin with Mortality in Older Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140763. [PMID: 26473487 PMCID: PMC4608587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Elevated levels of serum leptin are associated with increased adiposity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Both cytokines and body adiposity have been shown to predict cardiovascular events and mortality. The primary objective of the present study is to explore the associations between serum leptin and all-cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) over a span of 10 years, controlling for body adiposity and proinflammatory cytokines. Methods The Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study is a prospective cohort of 3,075 older adults aged 70 to 79 years. This analysis includes 2,919 men and women with complete serum leptin and vital status data. Data on all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular events (including Coronary Heart Disease and Congestive Heart Failure) were collected over 10 years of follow-up (mean 8.4 years). Results Women with leptin in quartile 2 and 3 were at lower risk of all-cause mortality, and those with leptin in quartile 2 were at lower risk of mortality from CVD as compared to women with lowest leptin values when adjusted for age, race, site, years of education, alcohol use, smoking, and physical activity. When these associations were additionally adjusted for body fat, C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines, women with leptin values in quartile 3 were at lower risk of all-cause mortality and women with leptin in quartile 2 and 3 were at lower risk of mortality from CVD than women with lowest leptin values. These associations were not significant among men after adjusting for body fat and cytokines. Conclusions The present study suggests that moderately elevated concentrations of serum leptin are independently associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and CVD-related mortality among older women. Among men, serum leptin is not associated with reduced risk of all-cause and CVD mortality after controlling for body fat and cytokines.
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Ilmarinen P, Tuomisto LE, Kankaanranta H. Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:514868. [PMID: 26538828 PMCID: PMC4619972 DOI: 10.1155/2015/514868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Genetic factors, atopy, and early respiratory tract infections are well-recognized factors predisposing to childhood-onset asthma. Adult-onset asthma is more often associated with obesity, smoking, depression, or other life-style or environmental factors, even though genetic factors and respiratory tract infections may also play a role in adult-onset disease. Adult-onset asthma is characterized by absence of atopy and is often severe requiring treatment with high dose of inhaled and/or oral steroids. Variety of risk factors and nonatopic nature of adult-onset disease suggest that variety of mechanisms is involved in the disease pathogenesis and that these mechanisms differ from the pathobiology of childhood-onset asthma with prevailing Th2 airway inflammation. Recognition of the mechanisms and mediators that drive the adult-onset disease helps to develop novel strategies for the treatment. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of adult-onset asthma and to concentrate on the mechanisms and mediators involved in establishing adult-onset asthma in response to specific risk factors. We also discuss the involvement of these mechanisms in the currently recognized phenotypes of adult-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinja Ilmarinen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Leena E. Tuomisto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Gijón-Conde T, Graciani A, Guallar-Castillón P, Aguilera MT, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Banegas JR. Valores de referencia y puntos de corte de leptina para identificar anormalidad cardiometabólica en la población española. Rev Esp Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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El-Haggar SM, Mostafa TM. Adipokines and biochemical changes in Egyptian obese subjects: possible variation with sex and degree of obesity. Endocrine 2015; 48:878-85. [PMID: 25142747 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was firstly to evaluate the adipokines and biochemical changes in obese subjects in relation to different grades of obesity and in relation to gender difference (males versus females) and secondly to evaluate the role of TNF-α in obesity. From January 2013 to February 2014, a total number of 120 non-diabetic subjects of both sexes were recruited and randomly selected from Dr. Abd-Elhamid Elsheikh center for physiotherapy and weight control, El-menofia-Egypt. Those subjects were classified according to their sex into two main groups; the female group and the male group. The female group (60 women) was distributed according to BMI into group 1 (15 lean women), group 2 (15 class I obese women), group 3 (15 class II obese women), and group 4 (15 class III obese women). The male group (60 men) was also distributed according to the BMI into group 1 (15 lean men), group 2 (15 class I obese men), group 3 (15 class II obese men), and group 4 (15 class III obese men). All individuals enrolled in the study were submitted to weight and height measurements with subsequent calculation of body mass index. Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants for quantitative determination of blood glucose, serum lipid, TNF-α, leptin, and adiponectin levels. One-way analysis of variance followed by LSD post hoc test was used for comparison of variables. In obese subjects of both sexes, it was found that circulating leptin and TNF-α levels were significantly high (P<0.05) and positively correlated to BMI. In contrast to leptin, adiponectin concentrations were significantly low (P<0.05) and inversely correlated to BMI. Regarding gender difference, although serum leptin and adiponectin levels were higher in women than men, men showed higher atherogenic parameters. We conclude that leptin, TNF-α, and adiponectin were related to both BMI and grades of obesity. Furthermore, TNF-α may play a role in obesity.
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Papageorgiou SN, Reichert C, Jäger A, Deschner J. Effect of overweight/obesity on response to periodontal treatment: systematic review and a meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:247-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon N. Papageorgiou
- Department of Orthodontics; School of Dentistry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Oral Technology; School of Dentistry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 208; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Christoph Reichert
- Department of Orthodontics; School of Dentistry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics; School of Dentistry; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 208; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Clinical Research Unit 208; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine; Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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Gijón-Conde T, Graciani A, Guallar-Castillón P, Aguilera MT, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Banegas JR. Leptin Reference Values and Cutoffs for Identifying Cardiometabolic Abnormalities in the Spanish Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:672-9. [PMID: 25618563 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Estimate leptin reference values and calculate leptinemia cutoff values for identifying cardiometabolic abnormalities in Spain. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out between 2008 and 2010 in 11 540 individuals representing the Spanish population aged ≥ 18 years. Data were obtained by standardized physical examination and analyses were performed at a central laboratory. Leptinemia was measured using ELISA. Cardiometabolic abnormality was defined as the presence of at least two of the following: high blood pressure, high triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol, high insulin resistance values, and elevated C-reactive protein and glucose. RESULTS Leptin values were higher in women than men (geometric mean, 21.9 and 6.6 ng/mL; P<.001). The median [interquartile range] was 24.5 [14.1-37.0] ng/mL in women, and 7.2 [3.3-14.3] ng/mL in men. In the multivariate analysis, leptin was significantly associated with anthropometric measures, insulin, and C-reactive protein, and inversely associated with age, smoking, and physical activity in women (r(2)=0.53; P<.001) and in men (r(2)=0.61; P<.001). The leptin values that identified cardiometabolic abnormality were 23.75 ng/mL in women (area under the curve, 0.722; sensitivity, 72.3%; specificity, 58.7%) and 6.45 ng/mL in men (area under the curve, 0.716; sensitivity, 71.4%; specificity, 60.2%). CONCLUSIONS These results facilitate the interpretation of leptin values in clinical and population studies. Leptin has moderate sensitivity and specificity for identifying cardiometabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gijón-Conde
- Centro de Salud Universitario Cerro del Aire, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idi Paz, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Auxiliadora Graciani
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idi Paz, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillón
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idi Paz, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idi Paz, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Banegas
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Idi Paz, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
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Morimoto Y, Conroy SM, Ollberding NJ, Kim Y, Lim U, Cooney RV, Franke AA, Wilkens LR, Hernandez BY, Goodman MT, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Marchand LL, Maskarinec G. Ethnic differences in serum adipokine and C-reactive protein levels: the multiethnic cohort. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38:1416-22. [PMID: 24522245 PMCID: PMC4247246 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic disparities in metabolic disease risk may be the result of differences in circulating adipokines and inflammatory markers related to ethnic variations in obesity and body fat distribution. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a cross-sectional design, we compared serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in control subjects (321 men and 930 women) from two nested case-control studies conducted within the Multiethnic Cohort Study consisting of whites, Japanese Americans (JA), Latinos, African Americans (AA) and Native Hawaiians (NH). General linear models were applied to evaluate ethnic differences in log-transformed serum biomarker levels before and after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) at cohort entry. RESULTS In comparison to whites, significant ethnic differences were observed for all biomarkers except TNF-α. JA men and women had significantly lower leptin and CRP levels than whites, and JA women also had lower adiponectin levels. Leptin was significantly higher in AA women (P < 0.01), adiponectin was significantly lower in AA men and women (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001), and CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher in AA men and women. Lower adiponectin (P < 0.0001) and CRP (P = 0.03) levels were the only biomarkers in NH women that differed from whites; no statistically significant differences were seen for NH men and for Latino men and women. When adjusted for BMI at cohort entry, the differences between the lowest and the highest values across ethnic groups decreased for all biomarkers except adiponectin in men indicating that ethnic differences were partially due to weight status. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the ethnic variations in circulating adipokine and CRP levels before and after adjustment for BMI. Given the limitation of BMI as a general measure of obesity, further investigation with visceral and subcutaneous adiposity measures are warranted to elucidate ethnicity-related differences in adiposity in relation to disparities in obesity-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Morimoto
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI
| | | | | | - Yeonju Kim
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI
| | - Unhee Lim
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Adrian A. Franke
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI
| | | | | | - Brian E. Henderson
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI
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Aschbacher K, Rodriguez-Fernandez M, van Wietmarschen H, Tomiyama AJ, Jain S, Epel E, Doyle FJ, van der Greef J. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-leptin axis and metabolic health: a systems approach to resilience, robustness and control. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20140020. [PMID: 25285198 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, the mechanisms are unclear, and prognostic measures are unavailable. A systems level understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-leptin axis may reveal novel insights. Eighteen obese premenopausal women provided blood samples every 10 min over 24 h, which were assayed for cortisol, adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone (ACTH) and leptin. A published personalized HPA systems model was extended to incorporate leptin, yielding three parameters: (i) cortisol inhibitory feedback signalling, (ii) ACTH-adrenal signalling, and (iii) leptin-cortisol antagonism. We investigated associations between these parameters and metabolic risk profiles: fat and lean body mass (LBM; using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and insulin resistance. Decreased cortisol inhibitory feedback signalling was significantly associated with greater fat (kg; p = 0.01) and insulin resistance (p = 0.03) but not LBM. Leptin significantly antagonized cortisol dynamics in eight women, who exhibited significantly lower 24 h mean leptin levels, LBM and higher ACTH-adrenal signalling nocturnally (all p < 0.05), compared with women without antagonism. Traditional neuroendocrine measures did not predict metabolic health, whereas a dynamic systems approach revealed that lower central inhibitory cortisol feedback signalling was significantly associated with greater metabolic risk. While exploratory, leptin-cortisol antagonism may reflect a 'neuroendocrine starvation' response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Aschbacher
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Francisco, CA , USA ; The Institute for Integrative Health , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | | | - Herman van Wietmarschen
- TNO Innovation for Life , Zeist , The Netherlands ; Department of Analytical Biosciences , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology , University of California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Shamini Jain
- Department of Brain, Mind & Healing , Samueli Institute , Alexandria, VA , USA ; Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego, CA , USA
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California , Santa Barbara, CA , USA
| | - Jan van der Greef
- TNO Innovation for Life , Zeist , The Netherlands ; Department of Analytical Biosciences , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Lana A, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is positively related to insulin resistance and higher plasma leptin concentrations in men and nonoverweight women. J Nutr 2014; 144:1099-105. [PMID: 24828025 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.195230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms for the association of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with obesity and type 2 diabetes are only partly understood. The objective of the study was to examine the association of habitual SSB consumption with biomarkers of energy metabolism, including serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], and leptin. Data were taken from the Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain (ENRICA), a cross-sectional study conducted during 2008-2010 in 7842 individuals representative of the population of Spain aged 18-59 y. Diet was assessed with a validated computerized diet history. Biomarkers were determined in 12-h fasting blood samples. Analyses were performed with linear regression with adjustment for the main confounders, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and morbidity. In men, a 1-serving (200 mL)/d increase in the consumption of SSBs was associated with higher plasma concentrations of insulin (2.14%, P = 0.01), higher HOMA-IR (1.90%, P = 0.04), and higher concentrations of leptin (2.73%, P = 0.01). Among women, these associations were found only in those with a BMI <25 kg/m² (insulin: 2.88%, P = 0.004; HOMA-IR: 3.03%, P = 0.01; and leptin: 4.57%, P = 0.01) or with a waist circumference <80 cm (insulin: 2.79%, P = 0.01; HOMA-IR: 3.00%, P = 0.01; and leptin: 3.63%, P = 0.05). In conclusion, the consumption of SSBs was associated with higher concentrations of insulin and leptin and a higher HOMA-IR in men and in nonoverweight women. Insulin resistance and higher leptin may be early markers of metabolic dysfunction associated with SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lana
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/La Paz Health Research Institute, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; and Department of Medicine, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/La Paz Health Research Institute, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/La Paz Health Research Institute, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; and
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Amrock SM, Weitzman M. Effect of increased leptin and C-reactive protein levels on mortality: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:1-6. [PMID: 24998933 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin and C-reactive protein (CRP) have each been linked to adverse cardiovascular events, and prior cross-sectional research suggests that increased levels of both biomarkers pose an even greater risk. The effect of increased levels of both leptin and CRP on mortality has not, however, been previously assessed. METHODS We used data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to estimate the mortality effect of high leptin and high CRP levels. Outcomes were compared with the use of inverse-probability-weighting adjustment. Among 6259 participants included in the analysis, 766 were in their sex-specific, population-weighted highest quartiles of both leptin and CRP. Median follow-up time was 14.3 years. RESULTS There was no significant difference in adjusted all-cause mortality between the groups (risk ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.54). Similar results were noted with the use of several different analytic methods and in many subgroups, though high leptin and CRP levels may increase all-cause mortality in males (hazard ratio, 1.80, 95% CI, 1.32-2.46; P for interaction, 0.011). A significant difference in cardiovascular mortality was also noted (risk ratio, 1.54, 95% CI, 1.08-2.18), though that finding was not confirmed in all sensitivity analyses.. CONCLUSIONS In this observational study, no significant difference in overall all-cause mortality rates in those with high leptin and high CRP levels was found, though high leptin and CRP levels appear associated with increased mortality in males. High leptin and CRP levels also likely increase risk for cardiovascular death..
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Amrock
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, United States
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Kim SH, Sutherland ER, Gelfand EW. Is there a link between obesity and asthma? ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014; 6:189-95. [PMID: 24843792 PMCID: PMC4021235 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological data identify a link between obesity and asthma incidence and severity. Based on experimental data, it is possible that shared inflammatory mechanisms play a role in determining this linkage. Although controversial, the role of adipokines may be central to this association and the maintenance of the asthma phenotype. While leptin and adiponectin have a causal link to experimental asthma in mice, data in humans are less conclusive. Recent studies demonstrate that adipokines can regulate the survival and function of eosinophils and that these factors can affect eosinophil trafficking from the bone marrow to the airways. In addition, efferocytosis, the clearance of dead cells, by airway macrophages or blood monocytes appears impaired in obese asthmatics and is inversely correlated with glucocorticoid responsiveness. This review examines the potential mechanisms linking obesity to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ha Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Erwin W. Gelfand
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Lai GY, Giovannucci EL, Pollak MN, Peskoe SB, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Platz EA. Association of C-peptide and leptin with prostate cancer incidence in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:625-32. [PMID: 24664287 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperinsulinemia is hypothesized to influence prostate cancer risk. Thus, we evaluated the association of circulating C-peptide, which is a marker of insulin secretion, and leptin, which is secreted in response to insulin and influences insulin sensitivity, with prostate cancer risk. METHODS We identified prostate cancer cases (n = 1,314) diagnosed a mean of 5.4 years after blood draw and matched controls (n = 1,314) in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Plasma C-peptide and leptin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated taking into account the matching factors age and history of a PSA test before blood draw and further adjusting for body mass index, diabetes, and other factors. RESULTS Neither C-peptide (quartile [Q]4 vs. Q1: OR 1.05, 95 % CI 0.82-1.34, p-trend = 0.95) nor leptin (Q4 vs. Q1: OR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.65-1.12, p-trend = 0.14) was associated with prostate cancer risk. Further, neither was associated with risk of advanced or lethal disease (n = 156 cases; C-peptide: Q4 vs. Q1, OR 1.18, 95 % CI 0.69-2.03, p-trend = 0.78; leptin: Q4 vs. Q1, OR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.41-1.36, p-trend = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, circulating C-peptide and leptin concentrations were not clearly associated with risk of prostate cancer overall or aggressive disease. Well into the PSA era, our findings do not appear to be supportive of the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia influences risk of total or aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Y Lai
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Rm E6132, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Cicchella A, Stefanelli C, Jürimäe T, Saar M, Purge P. Moderate physical activity correlates with elevated leptin in physically active 10-12-year-old boys with normal BMI. Percept Mot Skills 2014; 117:358-66. [PMID: 24611241 DOI: 10.2466/06.10.pms.117x21z8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the relations between physical activity of differing intensity and duration with body energy-balance hormone leptin in 10-12-year-old boys (N = 94) who participated in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at least four to five times per week. The boys reported their physical activity using a questionnaire. They had normal body mass index (BMI, kg/ m2), and were at Tanner Stage 2 of development. Boys were divided into three subgroups by leptin levels: normal serum leptin (M +/- .5 SD, n = 44, 1.2-3.9 ng/ml), low leptin (< or = M - .5 SD; n = 31, < 1.2 ng/ml), and high leptin (> or = M + .5 SD; n = 19, > 3.9 ng/ml). There were significant differences between subgroups in anthropometric parameters and serum leptin levels, but not in physical activity. A significant correlation was found between leptin and moderate physical activity of at least five times per week for at least 30 minutes each time in the high leptin group (r = .61). In conclusion, the correlations between physical activity and leptin are weak; only moderate physical activity was correlated with leptin levels in the high leptin
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Huang JJ, Soukup JM, Ghio AJ, Huang YCT. Host and environmental factors affect pulmonary responses measured in bronchoalveolar lavage. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:30-5. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.851304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Age impacts on the independent relationships of leptin with cardiometabolic risk and surrogate markers of enhanced early atherogenesis in black and white patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34:329-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mishra S, Harris TB, Hue T, Miljkovic I, Satterfield S, de Rekeneire N, Mehta M, Sahyoun NR. Hyperleptinemia, adiposity, and risk of metabolic syndrome in older adults. J Nutr Metab 2013; 2013:327079. [PMID: 24455217 PMCID: PMC3888758 DOI: 10.1155/2013/327079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Abdominal adiposity and serum leptin increase with age as does risk of metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the prospective association between leptin and metabolic syndrome risk in relation to adiposity and cytokines. Methods. The Health, Aging, and Body Composition study is a prospective cohort of older adults aged 70 to 79 years. Baseline measurements included leptin, cytokines, BMI, total percent fat, and visceral and subcutaneous fat. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between leptin and metabolic syndrome (defined per NCEP ATP III) incidence after 6 years of follow-up among 1,120 men and women. Results. Leptin predicted metabolic syndrome in men (P for trend = 0.0002) and women (P for trend = 0.0001). In women, risk of metabolic syndrome increased with higher levels of leptin (compared with quintile 1, quintile 2 RR = 3.29, CI = 1.36, 7.95; quintile 3 RR = 3.25, CI = 1.33, 7.93; quintile 4 RR = 5.21, CI = 2.16, 12.56; and quintile 5 RR = 7.97, CI = 3.30, 19.24) after adjusting for potential confounders. Leptin remained independently associated with metabolic syndrome risk after additional adjustment for adiposity, cytokines, and CRP. Among men, this association was no longer significant after controlling for adiposity. Conclusion. Among older women, elevated concentrations of leptin may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome independent of adiposity and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Mishra
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Trisha Hue
- University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | - Mira Mehta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nadine R. Sahyoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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