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Vanhee C, Jacobs B, Canfyn M, Malysheva SV, Willocx M, Masquelier J, Van Hoorde K. Quality Control and Safety Assessment of Online-Purchased Food Supplements Containing Red Yeast Rice (RYR). Foods 2024; 13:1919. [PMID: 38928859 PMCID: PMC11202976 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements containing red yeast rice (RYR), a fermentation product of the fungus Monascus purpureus grown on white rice, remain popular in Europe as proclaimed cholesterol-lowering aids. The cholesterol-lowering effects are due to the occurrence of monacolin K, which is often present as a mixture of monacolin K lactone (MK) and as monacolin K hydroxy acid (MKA). MK is structurally similar to the cholesterol-lowering medicine lovastatin. Recently, due to safety concerns linked to the use of statins, the European Commission prohibited RYR supplements with a maximum serving exceeding 3 mg of total monacolins per day. Moreover, the amount of the mycotoxin citrinin, potentially produced by M. purpureus, was also reduced to 100 µg/kg. Evidently, manufacturers that offer their products on the European market, including the online market, must also be compliant with these limits in order to guarantee the safety of their products. Therefore, thirty-five different RYR supplements, purchased from an EU-bound e-commerce platform or from registered online pharmacies, were screened for their compliance to the European legislation for citrinin content and the amount of total monacolin K. This was conducted by means of a newly developed LC-MS/MS methodology that was validated according to ISO 17025. Moreover, these supplements were also screened for possible adulteration and any contamination by micro-organisms and/or mycotoxins. It was found that at least four of the thirty-five RYR supplements (≈11%) might have reason for concern for the safety of the consumer either due to high total monacolin K concentrations exceeding the European predefined limits for total monacolins or severe bacterial contamination. Moreover, three samples (≈9%) were likely adulterated, and the labeling of six of the seventeen samples (≈35%) originating from an EU-based e-commerce platform was not compliant, as either the mandatory warning was missing or incomplete or the total amount of monacolins was not mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Vanhee
- Service Medicines and Health Products, Scientific Directorate of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Jacobs
- Service of Foodborne Pathogen, Scientific Directorate of Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Canfyn
- Service Medicines and Health Products, Scientific Directorate of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Svetlana V. Malysheva
- Toxins Unit, Service of Organic Contaminants and Additives, Scientific Directorate of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Leuvensesteenweg 17, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Marie Willocx
- Service Medicines and Health Products, Scientific Directorate of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Masquelier
- Toxins Unit, Service of Organic Contaminants and Additives, Scientific Directorate of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Leuvensesteenweg 17, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Van Hoorde
- Service of Foodborne Pathogen, Scientific Directorate of Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Youssef D, El-Bakatoushi R, Elframawy A, El-Sadek L, Badan GE. Molecular phylogenetic study of flavonoids in medicinal plants: a case study family Apiaceae. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:305-322. [PMID: 36853579 PMCID: PMC10126080 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the phylogenetic pattern of medicinal species of the family Apiaceae based on flavonoid groups production, as well as the overall mechanism of the key genes involved in flavonol and flavone production. Thirteen species of the family Apiaceae were used, including Eryngium campestre from the subfamily Saniculoideae, as well as Cuminum cyminum, Carum carvi, Coriandrum sativum, Apium graveolens, Petroselinum crispum, Pimpinella anisum, Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare, Daucus carota, Ammi majus, Torilis arvensis, and Deverra tortuosa from the subfamily Apioideae. The seeds were cultivated, and the leaves were collected to estimate flavonoids and their groups, physiological factors, transcription levels of flavonol and flavone production-related genes. The phylogenetic relationship between the studied species was established using the L-ribosomal 16 (rpl16) chloroplast gene. The results revealed that the studied species were divided into two patterns: six plant species, E. campestre, C. carvi, C. sativum, P. anisum, An. graveolens, and D. carota, contained low content of flavonoids, while the other seven species had high content. This pattern of flavonoids production coincided with the phylogenetic relationships between the studied species. In contrast, the phylogeny of the flavonol and flavone synthase genes was incompatible with the quantitative production of their products. The study concluded that the increment in the production of flavonol depends on the high expression of chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3 hydroxylase, flavonol synthase, the increase of Abscisic acid, sucrose, and phenyl ammonia lyase, while flavone mainly depends on evolution and on the high expression of the flavone synthase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Youssef
- Biology and Geology Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, University of Alexandria, EgyptAlexandria, El-Shatby, 21526, Egypt.
| | - Ranya El-Bakatoushi
- Biology and Geology Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, University of Alexandria, EgyptAlexandria, El-Shatby, 21526, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Elframawy
- Nucleic Acids Research Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21933, Egypt
| | - Laila El-Sadek
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Camp Caesar, Alexandria, 21525, Egypt
| | - Ghada El Badan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Camp Caesar, Alexandria, 21525, Egypt
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Mandal D, Sarkar T, Chakraborty R. Critical Review on Nutritional, Bioactive, and Medicinal Potential of Spices and Herbs and Their Application in Food Fortification and Nanotechnology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1319-1513. [PMID: 36219334 PMCID: PMC9551254 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal or herbal spices are grown in tropical moist evergreen forestland, surrounding most of the tropical and subtropical regions of Eastern Himalayas in India (Sikkim, Darjeeling regions), Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, a few Central Asian countries, Middle East, USA, Europe, South East Asia, Japan, Malaysia, and Indonesia. According to the cultivation region surrounded, economic value, and vogue, these spices can be classified into major, minor, and colored tropical spices. In total, 24 tropical spices and herbs (cardamom, black jeera, fennel, poppy, coriander, fenugreek, bay leaves, clove, chili, cassia bark, black pepper, nutmeg, black mustard, turmeric, saffron, star anise, onion, dill, asafoetida, celery, allspice, kokum, greater galangal, and sweet flag) are described in this review. These spices show many pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and antioxidant activities. Numerous bioactive compounds are present in these selected spices, such as 1,8-cineole, monoterpene hydrocarbons, γ-terpinene, cuminaldehyde, trans-anethole, fenchone, estragole, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, piperine, linalool, malabaricone C, safrole, myristicin, elemicin, sinigrin, curcumin, bidemethoxycurcumin, dimethoxycurcumin, crocin, picrocrocin, quercetin, quercetin 4'-O-β-glucoside, apiol, carvone, limonene, α-phellandrene, galactomannan, rosmarinic acid, limonene, capsaicinoids, eugenol, garcinol, and α-asarone. Other than that, various spices are used to synthesize different types of metal-based and polymer-based nanoparticles like zinc oxide, gold, silver, selenium, silica, and chitosan nanoparticles which provide beneficial health effects such as antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, enzyme retardation effect, and antimicrobial activity. The nanoparticles can also be used in environmental pollution management like dye decolorization and in chemical industries to enhance the rate of reaction by the use of catalytic activity of the nanoparticles. The nutritional value, phytochemical properties, health advantages, and both traditional and modern applications of these spices, along with their functions in food fortification, have been thoroughly discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Mandal
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda, 732102, India.
| | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Dietary Plant and Animal Protein Sources Oppositely Modulate Fecal Bilophila and Lachnoclostridium in Vegetarians and Omnivores. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0204721. [PMID: 35285706 PMCID: PMC9045121 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02047-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The food we eat not only nourishes our bodies but also provides nutrients to the bacteria living in our guts. Gut bacterial communities are known to be affected by many factors, including diet and bowel cleansing, but the impacts of vegetarian and omnivore diets on fecal bacterial composition are still uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial compositions of fecal samples from vegetarians and omnivores 5 to 7 days after bowel cleansing, and we correlated specific dietary constituents with the relative abundances of specialized fecal bacteria. A total of 46 participants (23 vegetarians and 23 omnivores) were recruited. All participants underwent standard bowel cleansing before colonoscopy screening. Fecal samples were collected from each participant 5 to 7 days after bowel cleansing, and the fecal microbiota compositions were analyzed with next-generation sequencing. Sixteen participants also provided an image-based dietary record for nutritional assessment. No major differences between dietary groups were observed in terms of fecal bacterial richness, alpha diversity, or beta diversity. A minority of potential pathobionts tended to be elevated in omnivores compared to vegetarians, whereas potential probiotic species tended to be higher in the vegetarians. Detailed dietary assessments further revealed that the plant- and animal-derived proteins may oppositely modulate the relative abundances of pathobionts Bilophila and Lachnoclostridium. However, these results were not statistically significant after multiple-comparison correction. These results suggest that specialized probiotic and pathobiont microbiota constituents are sensitive to the plant- or animal-derived dietary components ingested by vegetarians and omnivores after bowel cleansing. IMPORTANCE Dietary pattern and food choice are associated with expansion of gut pathobionts and risk for metabolic and colonic disease. However, the effects of dietary interventions on intestinal microbiota remain unclear. After bowel cleansing, potential pathobionts and probiotic bacteria were increased in omnivores and vegetarians, respectively. The pathobionts Bilophila and Lachnoclostridium were oppositely modulated by dietary animal and plant protein. From a clinical perspective, fecal pathobionts that may indicate risk for metabolic and colonic disease can potentially be modulated with dietary interventions.
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Dixon M, Ornish D. Love in the time of COVID-19: Social prescribing and the paradox of isolation. Future Healthc J 2021; 8:53-56. [PMID: 33791461 PMCID: PMC8004313 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dixon
- Guy's Hospital, London, UK, chair, College of Medicine and Integrated Health, London, UK and chair, Institute for Social Prescribing - South West Academic Health Science Network, Exeter, UK
| | - Dean Ornish
- Preventive Medicine Research Institute, San Francisco, USA
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Antioxidant Molecules from Plant Waste: Extraction Techniques and Biological Properties. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit, vegetable, legume, and cereal industries generate many wastes, representing an environmental pollution problem. However, these wastes are a rich source of antioxidant molecules such as terpenes, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and bioactive peptides with potential applications mainly in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and they exhibit multiple biological properties including antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. The aforementioned has increased studies on the recovery of antioxidant compounds using green technologies to value plant waste, since they represent more efficient and sustainable processes. In this review, the main antioxidant molecules from plants are briefly described and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of conventional and green extraction technologies used for the recovery and optimization of the yield of antioxidant naturals are detailed; finally, recent studies on biological properties of antioxidant molecules extracted from plant waste are presented here.
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Bhathal SK, Kaur H, Bains K, Mahal AK. Assessing intake and consumption level of spices among urban and rural households of Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. Nutr J 2020; 19:121. [PMID: 33158443 PMCID: PMC7648309 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spices are the esoteric food adjuncts that are used for enhancing the sensory quality of the food in Punjabi diets and add many health benefits. Estimating the intake of spices at the individual level is a challenging task as they are consumed in very small quantities as compared to other foods. The present study aimed to assess the intake and spices consumption level of spices among urban and rural households. Methods A study was carried out among 100 households each from urban and rural areas from Ludhiana district of Punjab, India to collect the information regarding frequency of spice usage and portion sizes using a questionnaire. The information pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics of female respondents from urban and rural households were also collected. The commonly used 25 spices in Punjabi diets were selected to assess their dietary intake at the individual level among households. Results Spice consumption frequency was more in urban households in comparison to rural households. The maximum mean consumption frequency score among urban and rural households was observed for red chilli powder (5.00) and turmeric powder (5.00). Maximum percentage (76 and 72%) of urban and rural households preferred to use the unroasted form of spices, respectively. The highest mean intake and range was observed for red chilli powder (3.19 g with range 0.35–5.23 g) among urban women and (2.41 g with range 0.25–3.75 g) for rural women. Spice intake from individual dishes showed the maximum number of portion sizes for red chilli powder that were from vegetable>dhal > curry preparations among urban and dhal > vegetable>curry preparation among rural households. Average amount of spices consumed by urban adult women was 10.04 g per day which was higher as compared to spices consumed by rural adult women per day (7.68 g). Conclusions The study concluded that the urban households showed higher consumption of spices as compared to rural households thus assessing the quantifying intake of spices. Urban adult women consumed more spices per day as compared to rural women. Therefore, more encouragement for increased use of spices is required to reap various health benefits of spices in combating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kiran Bains
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Amrit Kaur Mahal
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Millan S, Jeffery DW, Dall'Acqua S, Masi A. A novel HPLC-MS/MS approach for the identification of biological thiols in vegetables. Food Chem 2020; 339:127809. [PMID: 32877813 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thiols are important natural molecules with diverse functions, ranging from acting as antioxidants that prevent chronic diseases to contributing aromas to foods and beverages. Biological thiols such as glutathione are of particular interest due to their functional roles, which include helping maintain cellular redox homeostasis and detoxifying reactive oxygen species. However, knowledge of thiol metabolism in plants is limited to studying known compounds, whereas other important thiol-containing metabolites could also exist. This work aimed to develop a new analytical approach for screening of thiols in plants, using four vegetal examples and beginning with HPLC-MS/MS in precursor ion scan mode, after extraction and thiol-specific derivatisation with 4,4'-dithiodipyridine (DTDP). Compound identity for prospective thiols was then proposed using HPLC with high resolution MS, and verified with authentic standards. This approach could lead to prospecting studies that identify thiols with potential roles in metabolic pathways, nutritional value of vegetables, or flavouring of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Millan
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - David W Jeffery
- Department of Wine Science, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ribes diacanthum Pall Mediated via Regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages and a TPA-Induced Dermatitis Animal Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070622. [PMID: 32679895 PMCID: PMC7402139 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribes diacanthum Pall (RDP) is a Mongolian traditional medicine used to treat renal inflammation. In the present study, we initially investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of action of ethylacetate extract of RDP (EARDP) in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced dermatitis in mice. We demonstrated that EARDP protected against LPS-induced cell death by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, as well as the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β. EARDP inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α) and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effect of EARDP was mediated via the suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation. In addition, EARDP induced the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), indicating that EARDP induced HO-1 via the Nrf2 pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, EARDP significantly suppressed the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, ZnPP, a specific inhibitor of HO-1, reversed the EARDP-mediated inhibition of NO and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. EARDP blocked the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In the in vivo animal model, EARDP significantly and dose-dependently reduced TPA-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in mouse ear. Based on these results, EARDP represents a promising natural compound, protective against oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases.
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Huang L, Ho CT, Wang Y. Biosynthetic pathways and metabolic engineering of spice flavors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2047-2060. [PMID: 32462891 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1769547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Historically, spices have played an important economic role, due to their large applications and unique flavor. The supply and cost of spice materials and their corresponding natural products are often affected by environmental, geopolitical and climatic conditions. Secondary metabolite composition, including certain flavor compounds in spice plants, is recognized and considered closely related to plant classification. Both genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of spice flavors are constantly identified, which provides insight into metabolic engineering of flavor compounds (i.e. aroma and pungent compounds) from spice plants. In this review, a systematic meta-analysis was carried out based on a comprehensive literature survey of the flavor profiles of 36 spice plants from nine families. We also reviewed typical biosynthetic pathways and metabolic engineering of most representative aroma and pungent compounds that may assist in the future study of spice plants as biosynthetic factories facing a new challenge in creating spice products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Huang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Xiema, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, USA
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The role of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of hypertension: An updated review of the literature. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108749. [PMID: 31955788 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a worldwide epidemic in both developed and developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack. In recent years, several studies have reported associations between specific dietary ingredients and improving HTN. Nutraceuticals are natural food components with pharmacological properties. Reports suggest that functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients might support patients to obtain the desired therapeutic blood pressure (BP) goals and reduce cardiovascular risks by modulating various risk factors such as oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system hyperactivity, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and vascular resistance. We review the recent clinical experiments that have evaluated the biological and pharmacological activities of several types of nutraceuticals, including sour tea, cocoa, common spices, vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, flavonoids, coenzyme Q10, milk's tripeptides, calcium, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and prebiotics in preventing and treating HTN. This review summarizes recent knowledge about the impact of common nutraceuticals for the regulation of BP.
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Jafri A, Siddiqui S, Rais J, Ahmad MS, Kumar S, Jafar T, Afzal M, Arshad M. Induction of apoptosis by piperine in human cervical adenocarcinoma via ROS mediated mitochondrial pathway and caspase-3 activation. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:154-164. [PMID: 31217779 PMCID: PMC6558508 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Piperine (1-piperoylpeperdine), a nitrogenous pungent substance, is present in the fruits of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) and long pepper (Piper longum Linn.). It possesses several pharmacological properties and has been extensively explored for its anti-cancerous activities. The mechanism underlying its anti-cancer potential in human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells is not well interpreted. The anti-proliferative effect and the mode of action of piperine were investigated through some potent markers of apoptosis viz.reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cellular apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). DNA fragmentation, cell cycle kinetics, caspase-3 activity and cell migration assays were also conducted to observe the efficacy of piperine against HeLa cells. The results showed that piperine exposure induces apoptosis significantly in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits the growth of HeLa cells with an increase in ROS generation, nuclear condensation and delayed wound healing. In addition, piperine also encourages cell death by the loss of MMP, DNA fragmentation and the activation of caspase-3. Growth inhibition of HeLa cells was found to be associated with G2/M phase arrest and sub-G1 accumulation. The present study provides useful insight into the apoptotic potential of piperine and further in vivo and clinical studies will be needed for its validation and in the finding of more effective and least toxic regimens against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jafri
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
- Molecular and Human Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow-226003, India
| | - Juhi Rais
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Md Sultan Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Shibli National (PG) College, Azamgarh-276001, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Molecular and Human Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Tabrez Jafar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow-226003, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
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Gopi S, Amalraj A, Jude S, Benson K, Balakrishnan P, Haponiuk JT, Thomas S. Isolation and characterization of stable nanofiber from turmeric spent using chemical treatment by acid hydrolysis and its potential as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1578613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - Shintu Jude
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - K.T. Benson
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Preetha Balakrishnan
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Salehi B, Hernández-Álvarez AJ, del Mar Contreras M, Martorell M, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Melgar-Lalanne G, Matthews KR, Sharifi-Rad M, Setzer WN, Nadeem M, Yousaf Z, Sharifi-Rad J. Potential Phytopharmacy and Food Applications of Capsicum spp.: A Comprehensive Review. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum genus (Solanaceae) is native to the Americas. Today, it is an important agricultural crop cultivated around the world, not only due to its economic importance, but also for the nutritional value of the fruits. Among their phytochemical constituents, capsaicinoids are characteristic and responsible of the pungency of sharp-tasting cultivars. Moreover, Capsicum and capsaicinoids (mainly, capsaicin) have been largely studied because of their health benefits. Thus, this study reviews the scientific knowledge about Capsicum spp. and their phytochemicals against cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, pain, and metabolic syndrome, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. These bioactivities can be the basis of the formulation of functional ingredients and natural preservatives containing Capsicum extracts or isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez
- Food Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant West, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2S 8E3
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUIQFN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, VIII – Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, VIII – Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Guiomar Melgar-Lalanne
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas. Universidad Veracruzana. Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col Industrial Ánimas, 91192. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Karl R. Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Piperine functions as a tumor suppressor for human ovarian tumor growth via activation of JNK/p38 MAPK-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180503. [PMID: 29717031 PMCID: PMC6435525 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperine, a kind of natural alkaloid found in the fruit of black (Piper nigrum Linn) and long (Piper longum Linn), has shown antitumor activities toward various cancer cell lines. However, the antitumor effects of Piperine on ovarian cancer and the underlying mechanism are not fully elucidated. Our result showed that Piperine reduced the cell viability of A2780 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner, but has not any effect on normal ovarian cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Piperine suppressed cells proliferation via induction of apoptosis, which was followed by release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3 and -9, as well as cleaved PARP. Moreover, Western blot results confirmed that Piperine (8, 16, and 20 μM) decreased phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in A2780 cells. In addition, caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK), caspase-9 inhibitor (Z-LEDH-FMK), JNK-inhibitor (SP600125), or p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) could abate the apoptosis induced by Piperine (20 μM) treatment, while caspase-8 inhibitor (Z-IETD- FMK) exhibited no inhibitory effect on the induction of apoptosis in A2780 cells. These results provide the first evidence for the anticancer potential of Piperine in ovarian cancer cells, partially via JNK/p38 MAPK-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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17
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Hilbig J, Alves VR, Müller CMO, Micke GA, Vitali L, Pedrosa RC, Block JM. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with sample preparation and analysis using LC-ESI-MS/MS allowed the identification of 24 new phenolic compounds in pecan nut shell [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) C. Koch] extracts. Food Res Int 2018; 106:549-557. [PMID: 29579960 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with statistical tools (factorial design, response surface methodology and kinetics) were used to evaluate the effects of the experimental conditions of temperature, solid-to-solvent ratio, ethanol concentration and time for the extraction of the total phenolic content from pecan nut shells. The optimal conditions for the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract (with 20% v/v of ethanol) were 60 and 80 °C; solid to solvent ratio of 30 mL·g-1 (for both) and extraction time of 35 and 25 min, respectively. Using these optimize extraction conditions, 426 and 582 mg GAE·g-1 of phenolic compounds, from the aqueous and hydroalcoholic phases respectively, were obtained. In addition, the analysis of the phenolic compounds using the LC-ESI-MS/MS system allowed the identification of 29 phenolic compounds, 24 of which had not been reported in literature for this raw material yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Hilbig
- Laboratory of Fats and Oils, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Victor Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carmen Maria Olivera Müller
- Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Vitali
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rozangela Curi Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jane Mara Block
- Laboratory of Fats and Oils, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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18
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Szűcs V, Szabó E, Lakner Z, Székács A. National seasoning practices and factors affecting the herb and spice consumption habits in Europe. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Székács A, Wilkinson MG, Mader A, Appel B. Environmental and food safety of spices and herbs along global food chains. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Gopi S, Amalraj A, Varma K, Jude S, Reddy PB, Divya C, Haponiuk JT, Thomas S. Turmeric nanofiber-encapsulated natural product formulation act as a phytogenic feed additive—A study in broilers on growth performance, biochemical indices of blood, and E. coli in cecum. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1354206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - Karthik Varma
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shintu Jude
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Prakash B. Reddy
- Department of Clinical Research, Agile Pharma Services, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandradhara Divya
- Department of Clinical Research, Agile Pharma Services, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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21
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Association of vegetarian diet with inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2713-2721. [PMID: 28836492 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vegetarian diets contain various anti-inflammatory components. We aimed to investigate the effects of vegetarianism on inflammatory biomarkers when compared with omnivores. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING Literature search was conducted in Science Direct, Proquest, MEDLINE and Google Scholar up to June 2016. Summary estimates and corresponding 95 % CI were derived via the DerSimonian and Laird method using random effects, subgroup analyses were run to find the source of heterogeneity and a fixed-effect model examined between-subgroup heterogeneity. SUBJECTS Studies were included if they evaluated effects of any type of vegetarianism compared with omnivores on circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers. No restriction was made in terms of language or the date of study publications. RESULTS Eighteen articles were included. Pooled effect size showed no difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in vegetarians v. omnivores (Hedges' g=-0·15; 95 % CI -0·35, 0·05), with high heterogeneity (I 2=75·6 %, P<0·01). A subgroup analysis by minimum duration of vegetarianism showed that a minimum duration of 2 years vegetarianism was associated with lower hs-CRP levels v. omnivores (Hedges' g=-0·29; 95 % CI -0·59, 0·01), with moderate heterogeneity (I 2=68·9 %, P<0·01). No significant effect was found in studies using a minimum duration of 6 months of vegetarianism, with low heterogeneity. Vegetarianism was associated with increased IL-6 concentrations (0·21 pg/ml; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·25), with no heterogeneity (I 2=0·0 %, P=0·60). CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis provides evidence that vegetarianism is associated with lower serum concentrations of hs-CRP when individuals follow a vegetarian diet for at least 2 years. Further research is necessary to draw appropriate conclusions regarding potential associations between vegetarianism and IL-6 levels. A vegetarian diet might be a useful approach to manage inflammaging in the long term.
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22
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Shodja MM, Knutsen R, Cao J, Oda K, Beeson LE, Fraser GE, Knutsen S. Effects of glycosylated hemoglobin levels on neutrophilic phagocytic functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8:9-16. [PMID: 30740586 PMCID: PMC6368184 DOI: 10.5897/jde2017.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that diabetic patients with poor glycemic control have increased susceptibility to infections, but glucose levels have not been directly associated with this increase. The assessment of the effects of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1 c) on the body’s ability to fight infections may be useful directly in establishing a link between elevated blood sugar and the risk of infections. A total of 127 subjects in Heart Pilot Study (HPS), sub-study of the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) completed a lifestyle, medical and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline between 2013 and 2014. The A1 c and phagocytic index (PI) were measured in the same blood sample and their associations were assessed using linear regression. Mean blood glucose (MBG) was estimated based on A1 c levels using a standard formula. Three levels of MBG were used to compare prediabetic and diabetic ranges to the normal range. The PI is the average number of bacteria in the cytoplasm of 50 neutrophils, manually counted under a light microscope after the whole blood was briefly exposed to a standard dose of bacteria and stained. In multivariable analysis, we found that MBG in the prediabetic (117 to137 mg/dL) and diabetic (>137 mg/dL) ranges were associated with 12.9% (β= −0.129, 95% Cl: −0.30, 0.05) and 20.4% decrease in PI (β= −0.204, 95% Cl: −0.592, 0.184) compared to that, observed among those with normal MBG (p for trend=0.119). Elevated MBG levels contribute a decrease in the PI among those in the prediabetic and diabetic range compared to the normal range. Although our findings were not quite statistically significant due to low power which are clinically relevant in line with observations of an increased infections among diabetics. Further research on larger populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Michelle Shodja
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention Faculty, Loma Linda, California, United State
| | - Raymond Knutsen
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention Faculty, Loma Linda, California, United State
| | - Jeffrey Cao
- School of Medicine Loma Linda University, California, United State
| | - Keiji Oda
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention Faculty, Loma Linda, California, United State
| | - Lawrence E Beeson
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention Faculty, Loma Linda, California, United State
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention Faculty, Loma Linda, California, United State.,School of Medicine Loma Linda University, California, United State
| | - Synnove Knutsen
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention Faculty, Loma Linda, California, United State.,School of Medicine Loma Linda University, California, United State
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23
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Siddiqui S, Ahamad MS, Jafri A, Afzal M, Arshad M. Piperine Triggers Apoptosis of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Through Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:791-799. [PMID: 28426244 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1310260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Piperine is a nitrogenous pungent substance exhibiting multifunctional pharmacological properties. However, the mechanism underlying its anticancer potential is not well elucidated in human oral squamous carcinoma (KB) cell line. The anticancer potential of piperine was evaluated through potent biomarkers viz. reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular apoptosis, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, cell cycle kinetics and caspases-3 activity were also carried out to confirm anticancer activity of piperine. Results showed that various concentrations (25-300 μM) of piperine exposure reduced the cell viability of KB cells significantly (P < 0.01). Piperine induced significant (P < 0.01) dose-related increment in ROS production and nuclear condensation. Moreover, piperine stimulated cell death by inducing loss of MMP, and caspase-3 activation. Cell cycle study revealed that piperine arrested the cells in G2/M phase and decreased the DNA content. Findings of this study suggest the efficacy of piperine in inducing cell death via the decrease in MMP and ROS liberation followed by caspase-3 activation and cell cycle arrest. Further assessment of the anticancer potency of piperine is needed for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabjada Siddiqui
- a Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , India
| | - Md Sultan Ahamad
- b Department of Zoology , Shibli National (PG) College , Azamgarh , India
| | - Asif Jafri
- a Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , India
| | - Mohd Afzal
- c Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , India
| | - Md Arshad
- a Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology , University of Lucknow , Lucknow , India
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24
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Turgut SS, Işıkçı F, Soyer A. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel extract on lipid and protein oxidation in beef meatballs during frozen storage. Meat Sci 2017; 129:111-119. [PMID: 28273584 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant effect of pomegranate peel extract (PE) to retard lipid and protein oxidation in beef meatballs was investigated during frozen storage at -18±1°C. Concentrated and freeze dried aqueous extract of pomegranate peel was incorporated into freshly prepared meatball mix at 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations, and compared with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and control (without any antioxidant). In PE treated samples, particularly in high PE concentration, peroxide, malondialdehyde and carbonyl formation, loss of total protein solubility and sulfhydryl groups were significantly lower than control after 6months of storage. A diminution of both myofibrillar (MP) and sarcoplasmic (SP) proteins of high molecular weight was detected after 6months of the storage according to gel electrophoresis patterns. The 1.0% PE led to maintain colour intensity (C) and hue (h°) value. The results from sensory analyses revealed that PE addition to meatballs was effective on preventing rancid odour formation. Addition of both 0.5 and 1% PE in meatballs reduced lipid and protein oxidation and improved sensory scores. These results indicated that PE was effective on retarding lipid and protein oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahattin Serhat Turgut
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Işıkçı
- Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayla Soyer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Synthesis of piplartine analogs and preliminary findings on structure–antimicrobial activity relationship. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Devarajan A, Mohanmarugaraja MK. A Comprehensive Review on Rasam: A South Indian Traditional Functional Food. Pharmacogn Rev 2017; 11:73-82. [PMID: 28989243 PMCID: PMC5628526 DOI: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_13_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The view that food can have an expanded role that goes well beyond providing a source of nutrients truly applies to traditional functional foods. The systematic consumption of such traditional functional food provides an excellent preventive measure to ward off many diseases. Rasam, a soup of spices, is a traditional South Indian food. It is traditionally prepared using tamarind juice as a base, with the addition of Indian sesame oil, turmeric, tomato, chili pepper, pepper, garlic, cumin, curry leaves, mustard, coriander, asafoetida, sea salt, and water. Rasam is a classic example of traditional functional food with all its ingredients medicinally claimed for various ailments. The preclinical and clinical studies on rasam and its ingredients support their traditional claim. This review is an attempt to compile the literatures on rasam, its ingredients, and to highlight its medicinal potential that has been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agilandeswari Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hillside College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K Mohanmarugaraja
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Lawal B, Shittu OK, Oibiokpa FI, Berinyuy EB, Mohammed H. African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-016-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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28
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Lee W, Woo ER, Lee DG. Phytol has antibacterial property by inducing oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1309-1318. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1241395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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29
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Şahin S, Aybastier Ö, Demir C. Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Quercetin and Cyanidin from P
yracantha Coccinea
and Their Scavenging Effect on Free Radicals. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Şahin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Uludag, Faculty of Science and Arts; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Önder Aybastier
- Department of Chemistry; University of Uludag, Faculty of Science and Arts; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Cevdet Demir
- Department of Chemistry; University of Uludag, Faculty of Science and Arts; 16059 Bursa Turkey
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30
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The perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) contamination level in spices. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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O
riganum
V
ulgare
L. Extracts Versus Thymol: An Anti-Inflammatory Study on Activated Microglial and Mixed Glial Cells. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Pimentel FB, Alves RC, Oliva-Teles MT, Costa ASG, Fernandes TJR, Almeida MF, Torres D, Delerue-Matos C, Oliveira MBPP. Targeting specific nutrient deficiencies in protein-restricted diets: some practical facts in PKU dietary management. Food Funct 2015; 5:3151-9. [PMID: 25277724 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00555d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among aminoacidopathies, phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most prevalent one. Early diagnosis in the neonatal period with a prompt nutritional therapy (low natural-protein and phenylalanine diet, supplemented with phenylalanine-free amino acid mixtures and special low-protein foods) remains the mainstay of the treatment. Data considering nutrient contents of cooked dishes is lacking. In this study, fourteen dishes specifically prepared for PKU individuals were analysed, regarding the lipid profile and iron and zinc contents. These dishes are poor sources of essential nutrients like Fe, Zn or n-3 fatty acids, reinforcing the need for adequate supplementation to cover individual patients' needs. This study can contribute to a more accurate adjustment of PKU diets and supplementation in order to prevent eventual nutritional deficiencies. This study contributes to a better understanding of nutrient intake from PKU patients' meals, showing the need for dietary supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa B Pimentel
- REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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33
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Saxena A, Kaur K, Hegde S, Kalekhan FM, Baliga MS, Fayad R. Dietary agents and phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of experimental ulcerative colitis. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:203-17. [PMID: 25379461 PMCID: PMC4220497 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.139111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), consisting mainly of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are important immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of the disease includes environmental and genetic factors. Its management presents a constant challenge for gastroenterologists and conventional surgeon. 5-Amninosalicylates, antibiotics, steroids, and immune modulators have been used to reduce the symptoms and for maintenance of remission. Unfortunately, long-term usage of these agents has been found to lead to severe toxicities, which are deterrent to the users. Pre-clinical studies carried out in the recent past have shown that certain dietary agents, spices, oils, and dietary phytochemicals that are consumed regularly possess beneficial effects in preventing/ameliorating UC. For the first time, this review addresses the use of these dietary agents and spices in the treatment and prevention of IBD and also emphasizes on the mechanisms responsible for their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Saxena
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Kaur
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shweta Hegde
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Faizan M Kalekhan
- Research and Development, Father Muller Medical College, Kankanady, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Raja Fayad
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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34
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Bhat RS, Al-Daihan S. Phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of some green leafy vegetables. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:189-93. [PMID: 25182436 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial activity and photochemicals of five green leafy vegetables against a panel of five bacteria strains. METHODS Disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity, while kanamycin was used as a reference antibiotic. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed using standard methods. RESULTS All methanol extracts were found active against all the test bacterial strains. Overall maximum extracts shows antibacterial activity which range from 6 to 15 mm. Proteins and carbohydrates was found in all the green leaves, whereas alkaloid, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins were found in most of the test samples. CONCLUSIONS The obtain result suggests that green leafy vegetables have moderate antibacterial activity and contain various pharmacologically active compounds and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of the studied vegetables in the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sooad Al-Daihan
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Oliveira VB, Ferreira AV, Oliveira MC, Teixeira MM, Brandão MG. Effects of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. fruit on metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction induced by high refined carbohydrate-containing-diet in mice. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the usage patterns of herbs and spices among Australians and to identify how herbs and spices were consumed by respondents from different social backgrounds.
Design/methodology/approach
– In all, 1,023 adult Australians completed an online survey and ranked the frequencies of use of 21 herbs and spices and provided details of their demographics, cooking intentions and household types.
Findings
– Latent class analysis was applied and three types of usage patterns were identified, including high use, moderate use and low use of herbs and spices. The usage patterns were associated differentially with several covariates. For example, the chance of being in the high-usage group was positively associated with age, number of adults living in the household and cooking evening meals from scratch, but negatively related to levels of education and possession of cooking or culinary qualifications. Moreover, respondents who cooked their evening meals from scratch and who were not interested in receiving information or advice about making inexpensive but tasty meals were more likely to be in the moderate- rather than the low-usage group.
Originality/value
– The identification of groups of users of herbs and spices would enable health communications to be tailored to enhance the use of herbs and spices and reduce the use of other flavouring agent including fat, sugar and salt.
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37
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Tankeo SB, Lacmata ST, Noumedem JAK, Dzoyem JP, Kuiate JR, Kuete V. Antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of some Cameroonian food plants against multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:546-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Khan FA, Mahmood T, Ali M, Saeed A, Maalik A. Pharmacological importance of an ethnobotanical plant: Capsicum annuum L. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1267-74. [PMID: 24650229 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.895723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L., a fruit plant from tropical and subtropical regions, contains a range of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds which are known to exhibit a range of bioactivities including free radical scavenging (antioxidant), antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the literature published on pharmacological behaviours of C. annuum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan A Khan
- a Department of Chemistry , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad 22060 , KPK , Pakistan
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39
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Rubió L, Motilva MJ, Romero MP. Recent advances in biologically active compounds in herbs and spices: a review of the most effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory active principles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 53:943-53. [PMID: 23768186 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.574802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spices, like vegetables, fruit, and medicinal herbs, are known to possess a variety of antioxidant effects and other biological activities. Phenolic compounds in these plant materials are closely associated with their antioxidant activity, which is mainly due to their redox properties and their capacity to block the production of reactive oxygen species. More recently, their ability to interfere with signal transduction pathways involving various transcription factors, protein kinases, phosphatases, and other metabolic enzymes has also been demonstrated. Many of the spice-derived compounds which are potent antioxidants are of great interest to biologists and clinicians because they may help protect the human body against oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. It is important to study the bioactive compounds that can modulate target functions related to defence against oxidative stress, and that might be used to achieve health benefits individually. In the present review, an attempt has been made to summarize the most current scientific evidence about the in vitro and in vivo effects of the bioactive compounds derived from herbs and spices, focused on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in order to provide science-based evidence for the traditional uses and develop either functional foods or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rubió
- Department of Food Technology, XaRTA-UTPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, Universitat de Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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40
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Misharina TA, Fatkullina LD, Alinkina ES, Kozachenko AI, Nagler LG, Medvedeva IB, Goloshchapov AN, Burlakova EB. Effects of low doses of essential oils on the antioxidant status of the erythrocytes, liver and the brain of mice. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Pádua PFMR, Dihl RR, Lehmann M, de Abreu BRR, Richter MF, de Andrade HHR. Genotoxic, antigenotoxic and phytochemical assessment of Terminalia actinophylla ethanolic extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:521-7. [PMID: 24071477 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Terminalia actinophylla has been used for anti-diarrheic and haemostatic purposes in Brazil. The fly spot data obtained after exposure of marker-heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster larvae to T. actinophylla ethanolic extract (TAE) in the standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses revealed that TAE did not induce any statistically significant increment in any spot categories. Differences between the two crosses are related to cytochrome P450 (CYPs) levels. In this sense, our data pointed out the absence of TAE-direct and indirect mutagenic and recombinagenic action in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART). When the anti-genotoxicity of TAE was analyzed, neither mitomycin C (MMC) nor ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) genotoxicity was modified by the post-exposure to TAE, which suggests that TAE has no effect on the mechanisms involved in the processing of the lesions induced by both genotoxins. In the mwh/flr(3) genotype, co-treatment with TAE may lead to a significant protection against the genotoxicity of MMC and a weak but significant effect in the toxic genetic action of EMS. The overall findings suggested that the favorable modulations by TAE could be, at least in part, due to its antioxidative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F M R Pádua
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada (PPGGTA), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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42
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Ouyang DY, Zeng LH, Pan H, Xu LH, Wang Y, Liu KP, He XH. Piperine inhibits the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells via induction of cell cycle arrest and autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:424-30. [PMID: 23939040 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Piperine, an alkaloid from black and long peppers (Piper nigrum Linn & Piper longum Linn), has been reported to exhibit antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. To further understand the antitumor mechanism of piperine, we investigated the growth inhibitory effects of piperine on human prostate cancer DU145, PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Piperine treatment resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of these cell lines. Cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ was induced and cyclin D1 and cyclin A were downregulated upon piperine treatment. Notably, the level of p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) was increased dose-dependently by piperine treatment in both LNCaP and DU145 but not in PC-3 cells, in line with more robust cell cycle arrest in the former two cell lines than the latter one. Although piperine induced low levels of apoptosis, it promoted autophagy as evidenced by the increased level of LC3B-II and the formation of LC3B puncta in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. The piperine-induced autophagic flux was further confirmed by assaying LC3-II accumulation and LC3B puncta formation in the presence of chloroquine, a well-known autophagy inhibitor. Taken together, these results indicated that piperine exhibited anti-proliferative effect in human prostate cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-yun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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43
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In vitro bioactivity and phytochemical screening of selected spices used in Mauritian foods. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Tea and human health: The dark shadows. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:82-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Kumar JU, Shankaraiah G, Kumar RSC, Pitke VV, Rao GT, Poornima B, Babu KS, Sreedhar AS. Synthesis, anticancer, and antibacterial activities of piplartine derivatives on cell cycle regulation and growth inhibition. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:658-69. [PMID: 23668860 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.769965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of piplartine derivatives were synthesized via Baylis-Hillman reaction and evaluated for anticancer and antibacterial activities. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was examined in two different human tumor cell lines, IMR-32 and HeLa. The antibacterial activity was examined in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that compounds 2b, 2e, and 2j were found to be the most active compounds, which displayed line no cytotoxicity, but G2-M cell cycle arrest in tumor cells, and showed cytostatic effects in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ujwal Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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46
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Amarasinghe HK, Usgodaarachchi U, Kumaraarachchi M, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya S. Diet and risk of oral potentially malignant disorders in rural Sri Lanka. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:656-62. [PMID: 23601045 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the protective role of antioxidant nutrients against cancer is well established, data on Asian diets in patients with oral cancer are meagre. METHODS A total of 1029 subjects over 30 years of age were investigated on their dietary practices in the Sabaragamuwa province (Sri Lanka) in 2006-07. Data collection tools were an interviewer-administered questionnaire, a three-day food diary and an examination of the oral cavity. Subjects identified with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) and disease-free controls were analysed in a case-control fashion. Among the OPMDs, those with leukoplakia were separately considered. A further subgroup analysis was undertaken for β-carotene-rich foods. The analysis was stratified by portions of fruit/vegetables consumed as five or more portions and two or more portions daily. RESULTS A low BMI (<18.5) was a significant independent risk factor for the development of OPMD. More than half of both cases and controls consumed less than two portions of fruit/vegetables per day and only 20 subjects consumed more than five portions per day. Intake of more than two portions per day of β-carotene-containing fruits/vegetables significantly reduced the risk of having an OPMD and leukoplakia (OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9). The significant differences observed with BMI and fruits/vegetables were attenuated when adjusted for betel quid chewing, smoking and alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS This study discloses prevailing under-nutrition in this rural population with very low daily consumption of fruit/vegetables. Cancer preventive properties in their diets are limited and are swamped by the known carcinogenic agents associated with use of betel quid, tobacco and alcohol.
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Optimisation of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from Artemisia absinthium using response surface methodology. Food Chem 2013; 141:1361-8. [PMID: 23790925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology was used to optimise experimental conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Artemisia absinthium. The central composite design was employed, the extracts were characterised by the determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic contents of extracts were determined by Folin method and also total antioxidant capacities of extracts were determined by ABTS and CUPRAC methods. The phenolic compounds of A. absinthium at optimum extraction conditions were determined by HPLC-DAD. The optimum conditions were determined as HCl concentration between 0.41 and 0.44mol/L, methanol volume between 55% and 59% (v/v), extraction temperature between 64 and 70°C, extraction time between 101 and 107min. The experimental values agreed with those predicted within a 95% confidence level, thus indicating the suitability of response surface methodology in optimising the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from A. absinthium.
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Birasuren B, Oh HL, Kim CR, Kim NY, Jeon HL, Kim MR. Antioxidant Activities of Ribes diacanthum Pall Extracts in the Northern Region of Mongolia. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2012; 17:261-8. [PMID: 24471094 PMCID: PMC3866731 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2012.17.4.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribes diacanthum Pall (RDP) is a member of the Saxifragaceae family. The plant is traditionally used in Mongolia for the treatment of various ailments associated with kidney and bladder's diseases, cystitis, kidney stone, and edema. This study was aimed to investigate antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts of whole Pall plants, based on ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS· +) radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl (DPPH·), and hydroxyl (·OH) radical scavenging activities. Additionally, total flavonoids and phenolic contents (TPC) were also determined. The ethyl acetate extract of RDP (EARDP) had a remarkable radical scavenging capacity with an IC50 value of 0.1482 mg/mL. In addition, EARDP was shown to be higher in total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the methanol extract of RDP (MRDP). Moreover, the EARDP had the predominant antioxidant capacity, DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing power. These results suggest a potential for R. diacanthum Pall extract as a functional medicinal material against free-radical-associated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayarmaa Birasuren
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hye Lim Oh
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Cho Rong Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hye Lyun Jeon
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Kumar M, Jain M, Sehgal A, Sharma V. Modulation of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and DNA adducts level by green and white tea in Balb/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4375-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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50
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El-Shahat M, El-Abd S, Alkafafy M, El-Khatib G. Potential chemoprevention of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats: myrrh (Commiphora molmol) vs. turmeric (Curcuma longa). Acta Histochem 2012; 114:421-8. [PMID: 21871653 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the potential chemopreventive effects of myrrh (Commiphora molmol) vs. turmeric (Curcuma longa) in hepatocarcinogenic rats induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) (200 mg/kg body weight). Ninety male Wistar rats used in this study were randomly divided into six equal groups (n=15). Group 1 rats served as negative controls; group 2 received a single i.p. injection of DENA and served as positive controls. Rats in both groups were fed on basal diet. Group 3 rats were fed a diet containing 5% turmeric, whereas group 4 rats were fed a diet containing 2% myrrh. Rats in groups 5 and 6 received a single i.p. injection of DENA and were fed diets containing 5% turmeric and 2% myrrh, respectively. The study demonstrated that DENA caused a significant increase in serum indices of liver enzymes and also severe histological and immunohistochemical changes in hepatic tissues. These included disorganized hepatic parenchyma, appearance of pseudoacinar and trabecular arrays of hepatocytes and alterations in CD10-immunoreactivity. Dietary supplementation of turmeric relatively improved the biochemical parameters to values approximating those of the negative controls and delayed the initiation of carcinogenesis. In contrast, myrrh did not improve the biochemical parameters or delay the hepatocarcinogenesis. Both turmeric and myrrh induced significant biochemical and histological changes in non-treated rats. In conclusion, DENA significantly changes the biological enzymatic activities in serum and the integrity of hepatic tissues. Phytochemicals with potential hepatoprotective effects must be applied cautiously owing to their potential hepatotoxicity.
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