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Simon-Szabó L, Lizák B, Sturm G, Somogyi A, Takács I, Németh Z. Molecular Aspects in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Possible Preventive and Complementary Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9113. [PMID: 39201799 PMCID: PMC11354764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is increasing sharply worldwide. To reverse this, more effective approaches in prevention and treatment are needed. In our review, we sought to summarize normal insulin action and the pathways that primarily influence the development of T2DM. Normal insulin action involves mitogenic and metabolic pathways, as both are important in normal metabolic processes, regeneration, etc. However, through excess energy, both can be hyperactive or attenuated/inactive leading to disturbances in the cellular and systemic regulation with the consequence of cellular stress and systemic inflammation. In this review, we detailed the beneficial molecular changes caused by some important components of nutrition and by exercise, which act in the same molecular targets as the developed drugs, and can revert the damaged pathways. Moreover, these induce entire networks of regulatory mechanisms and proteins to restore unbalanced homeostasis, proving their effectiveness as preventive and complementary therapies. These are the main steps for success in prevention and treatment of developed diseases to rid the body of excess energy, both from stored fats and from overnutrition, while facilitating fat burning with adequate, regular exercise in healthy people, and together with necessary drug treatment as required in patients with insulin resistance and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Simon-Szabó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.S.-S.); (B.L.)
| | - Beáta Lizák
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.S.-S.); (B.L.)
| | - Gábor Sturm
- Directorate of Information Technology Basic Infrastructure and Advanced Applications, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/b, 1082 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anikó Somogyi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Baross u., 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
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Spitler KM, Shetty SK, Davies BS. Effects of Age and Diet on Triglyceride Metabolism in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.19.602944. [PMID: 39091783 PMCID: PMC11291025 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.19.602944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Both age and diet can contribute to alterations in triglyceride metabolism and subsequent metabolic disease. In humans, plasma triglyceride levels increase with age. Diets high in saturated fats can increase triglyceride levels while diets high in omega-3 fatty acids decrease triglyceride levels. Here we asked how age and long-term diet effected triglyceride metabolism in mice. Methods We fed male and female mice a low-fat diet, a western diet, or a diet high in polyunsaturated and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids for up to 2 years. We measured survival, body composition, plasma triglyceride levels, chylomicron clearance, and oral fat, glucose, and insulin tolerance. Results Triglyceride levels in mice did not increase with age, regardless of diet. Oral fat tolerance increased with age, while chylomicron clearance remained unchanged. Mice fed western diet had decreased survival. Interestingly, mice fed the n-3 diet gained more lean mass, and had lower insulin levels than mice fed either low-fat or western diet. Moreover, triglyceride uptake into the hearts of mice fed the n-3 diet was strikingly higher than in other groups. Conclusions In mice, age-induced changes in triglyceride metabolism did not match those in humans. Our data suggested that mice, like humans, had decreased fat absorption with age, but plasma triglyceride clearance did not decrease with age in mice, resulting in lower plasma triglyceride levels and improved oral fat tolerance with age. A chronic diet high in n-3 fatty acids increased insulin sensitivity and uptake of triglycerides specifically into the heart but how these observations are connected is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Spitler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Shwetha K. Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Brandon S.J. Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Monteiro JP, Domingues MR, Calado R. Marine Animal Co-Products-How Improving Their Use as Rich Sources of Health-Promoting Lipids Can Foster Sustainability. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:73. [PMID: 38393044 PMCID: PMC10890326 DOI: 10.3390/md22020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine lipids are recognized for their-health promoting features, mainly for being the primary sources of omega-3 fatty acids, and are therefore critical for human nutrition in an age when the global supply for these nutrients is experiencing an unprecedent pressure due to an ever-increasing demand. The seafood industry originates a considerable yield of co-products worldwide that, while already explored for other purposes, remain mostly undervalued as sustainable sources of healthy lipids, often being explored for low-value oil production. These co-products are especially appealing as lipid sources since, besides the well-known nutritional upside of marine animal fat, which is particularly rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, they also have interesting bioactive properties, which may garner them further interest, not only as food, but also for other high-end applications. Besides the added value that these co-products may represent as valuable lipid sources, there is also the obvious ecological upside of reducing seafood industry waste. In this sense, repurposing these bioresources will contribute to a more sustainable use of marine animal food, reducing the strain on already heavily depleted seafood stocks. Therefore, untapping the potential of marine animal co-products as valuable lipid sources aligns with both health and environmental goals by guaranteeing additional sources of healthy lipids and promoting more eco-conscious practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Monteiro
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Houben JJ, Carpentier Y, Paulissen G, Snick GV, Soetewey A. Impact of a Food Rebalancing Program Associated with Plant-Derived Food Supplements on the Biometric, Behavioral, and Biological Parameters of Obese Subjects. Nutrients 2023; 15:4780. [PMID: 38004174 PMCID: PMC10798375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 2021 and 2023, the Scientific Council of Dietplus®, a group specialized in overweight and obesity management, conducted a clinical study on 170 volunteer subjects with a BMI > 29 Kg/m2 consecutively recruited. The Dietplus® program comprises nutritional education, intensive, personalized coaching, and consuming food supplements rich in plant derivatives. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the Dietplus® program on biometric, behavioral, and biological parameters. A control group of 30 obese patients was followed for a similar 12-week period. Mean weight loss reached 9 ± 2.1 kg in the Dietplus® test group versus a 1 ± 0.1 kg weight gain in the control group. Excess weight loss reached 33 ± 13%, and fat mass loss was 7.6% (p < 0.001); waist circumference was reduced by 30%. Quality of Life, Nutriscore, and Prochaska di Clemente scale significantly improved (p < 0.001). Biological parameters showed substantial improvements in the carbohydrate profile and insulin resistance (HOMA index) and in the lipid profile with lower plasma triglyceride (p < 0.01) and VLDL (p < 0.01) concentrations. Inflammatory parameters (orosomucoid, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, and PINI indices) were also substantially reduced. These results indicate a substantial benefit in subjects who followed the Dietplus® program. (Dietplus® 116 Rue Robert Bunsen, 57460 Behren-lès-Forbach, France is active in France Belgium and Spain. Plant Derived Food Supplements are produced in France). Indeed, improvements were observed in all biometric, behavioral, and metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Houben
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Clinic of Metabolic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Régional Sambre Meuse, Namur and Free University of Brussels (Université Libre de Bruxelles), Rue Chère-Voie 75, B 5060 Sambreville, Belgium
| | - Yvon Carpentier
- Nutrition Lipid Development, Free University of Brussels (Université Libre de Bruxelles), Av. Octave Michot 17, 1640 Rhode Saint Genèse, Belgium
| | - Genevieve Paulissen
- Laboratoire SYNLAB, Biologie Clinique et Nutritionnelle, Av. Alexandre Fleming 3, 6220 Heppignies, Belgium;
| | - Georges Van Snick
- Institut Européen de Physionutrition et de Phytothérapie, 12/14 Rond-Point des Champs Elysées, 75008 Paris, France;
| | - Antoine Soetewey
- Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
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Rosa FT, de Souza Fatel EC, Alfieri DF, Flauzino T, Scavuzzi BM, Lozovoy MAB, Iriyoda TMV, Simão ANC, Dichi I. Cranberry juice decreases oxidative stress and improves glucose metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis supplemented with fish oil. PHARMANUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Li Y, Wu S, Zhao X, Hao S, Li F, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang D, Wang Y, Zhou H. Key events in cancer: Dysregulation of SREBPs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130747. [PMID: 36969840 PMCID: PMC10030587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is an important hallmark of tumor progression. Cancer cells require high levels of lipid synthesis and uptake not only to support their continued replication, invasion, metastasis, and survival but also to participate in the formation of biological membranes and signaling molecules. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are core transcription factors that control lipid metabolism and the expression of important genes for lipid synthesis and uptake. A growing number of studies have shown that SREBPs are significantly upregulated in human cancers and serve as intermediaries providing a mechanistic link between lipid metabolism reprogramming and malignancy. Different subcellular localizations, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and nucleus, play an indispensable role in regulating the cleavage maturation and activity of SREBPs. In this review, we focus on the relationship between aberrant regulation of SREBPs activity in three organelles and tumor progression. Because blocking the regulation of lipid synthesis by SREBPs has gradually become an important part of tumor therapy, this review also summarizes and analyzes several current mainstream strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiming Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Difei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yishu Wang, Honglan Zhou,
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Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Serum Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040725. [PMID: 36832799 PMCID: PMC9956263 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementation on serum lipid profile and blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane library from database inception to 30 April 2022. This meta-analysis included eight trials with 387 participants. We found that supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has no significant reduction in TC level (SMD = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.22 ~ 0.18, I2 = 23.7%) and LDL-c level in serum (SMD = 0.18; 95% CI: -0.18 ~ 0.53, I2 = 54.9%) of patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, we found no significant increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (SMD = 0.02; 95% CI: -0.21 ~ 0.25, I2 = 0%) in patients with metabolic syndrome after consuming n-3 PUFAs. In addition, we found that n-3 PUFAs can significantly decrease serum triglyceride levels (SMD= -0.39; 95% CI: -0.59 ~ -0.18, I2 = 17.2%), systolic blood pressure (SMD = -0.54; 95% CI: -0.86 ~ -0.22, I2 = 48.6%), and diastolic blood pressure (SMD = -0.56; 95% CI: -0.79 ~ 0.33, I2 = 14.0%) in patients with metabolic syndrome. The results from the sensitivity analysis confirmed that our results were robust. These findings suggest that n-3 PUFA supplementation may serve as a potential dietary supplement for improving lipids and blood pressure in metabolic syndrome. Given the quality of the included studies, further studies are still needed to verify our findings.
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8
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The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on weight loss and cognitive function in overweight or obese individuals on weight-loss diet. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:803-813. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.03992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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9
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Shrestha A, Prowak M, Berlandi-Short VM, Garay J, Ramalingam L. Maternal Obesity: A Focus on Maternal Interventions to Improve Health of Offspring. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:696812. [PMID: 34368253 PMCID: PMC8333710 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.696812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has many implications for offspring health that persist throughout their lifespan that include obesity and cardiovascular complications. Several different factors contribute to obesity and they encompass interplay between genetics and environment. In the prenatal period, untreated obesity establishes a foundation for a myriad of symptoms and negative delivery experiences, including gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, macrosomia, and labor complications. However, data across human and animal studies show promise that nutritional interventions and physical activity may rescue much of the adverse effects of obesity on offspring metabolic health. Further, these maternal interventions improve the health of the offspring by reducing weight gain, cardiovascular disorders, and improving glucose tolerance. Mechanisms from animal studies have also been proposed to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate inflammation, lipid metabolism, and oxidative capacity of the tissue, ultimately providing potential specific courses of treatment. This review aims to pinpoint the risks of maternal obesity and provide plausible intervention strategies. We delve into recent research involving both animal and human studies with maternal interventions. With the increasing concerning of obesity rates witnessed in the United States, it is imperative to acknowledge the long-term effects posed on future generations and specifically modify maternal nutrition and care to mitigate these adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Shrestha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Madison Prowak
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | | | - Jessica Garay
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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B Gowda SG, Minami Y, Gowda D, Furuko D, Chiba H, Hui SP. Lipidomic analysis of non-esterified furan fatty acids and fatty acid compositions in dietary shellfish and salmon by UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110325. [PMID: 34053529 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipids such as furan fatty acids (F-acids) are the valuable minor bioactive components of food such as fatty fish and plants. They are reported to have positive health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite their importance, limited studies are focusing on F-acid determination in dietary seafood. This study aimed to identify and profile non-esterified F-acids and free fatty acids in total lipid extract of seafood such as shellfish and salmon. The lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry led to identifying seven types of free F-acids in shellfish (n = 5) and salmon (n = 4). The identified F-acids were confirmed by their high-resolution masses and acquired mass spectra. The relative concentrations of F-acids in shellfish range from 0.01 to 10.93 mg/100 g of the fillet, and in salmon, 0.01 to 14.21 mg/100 g of the fillet. The results revealed the highest abundance of F-acids in Sakhalin surf clam, Japanese scallop, and a fatty salmon trout. Besides, relative levels of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in these seafoods were compared with each other, suggesting basket clams and salmon trout to have significantly higher levels of PUFAs. The dietary seafoods enriched with F-acids and PUFAs may have possible health benefits. Hence, the applied technique could be a promising tool for rapid detection and analysis of non-esterified fatty acids in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Minami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Furuko
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma, Nishi-4-3-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan.
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver pathology worldwide due to the rising prevalence of obesity. This term includes changes from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. It was previously thought to be a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, but recent literature describes this relation as much more complex and bi-directional. Development of NAFLD is associated with other metabolic syndrome components but it can also exacerbate insulin resistance and increase cardiovascular risk. Recently a lot of attention is brought to the role of lipids and lipotoxicity in pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty disease. It seems that some lipid classes can be protective against liver injury while others are harmful in excessive amounts. This study presents an overview of the main lipids involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and summarizes their association with lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and other processes responsible for its progression.
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12
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Joseph JS, Anand K, Malindisa ST, Fagbohun OF. Role of CaMKII in the regulation of fatty acids and lipid metabolism. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:589-594. [PMID: 33714133 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies have reported the beneficial roles of the activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II to many cellular functions associated with human health. This review aims at discussing its activation by exercise as well as its roles in the regulation of unsaturated, saturated, omega 3 fatty acids, and lipid metabolism. METHODS A wide literature search was conducted using online database such as 'PubMed', 'Google Scholar', 'Researcher', 'Scopus' and the website of World Health Organization (WHO) as well as Control Disease and Prevention (CDC). The criteria for the search were mainly lipid and fatty acid metabolism, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of ninety-seven articles were included in the review. RESULTS Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activation by exercise is helpful in controlling membrane lipids related with type 2 diabetes and obesity. CaMKII regulates many health beneficial cellular functions in individuals who exercise compared with those who do not exercise. Regulation of lipid metabolism and fatty acids are crucial in the improvement of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Approaches that involve CaMKII could be a new avenue for designing novel and effective therapeutic modalities in the treatment or better management of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitcy S Joseph
- Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health, A Division of National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso T Malindisa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oladapo F Fagbohun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pediatrics, Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Different Dietary N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Formulations Distinctively Modify Tissue Fatty Acid and N-Acylethanolamine Profiles. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020625. [PMID: 33671938 PMCID: PMC7919039 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of different dietary formulation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on rat tissue fatty acid (FA) incorporation and consequent modulation of their bioactive metabolite N-acylethanolamines (NAE). For 10 weeks, rats were fed diets with 12% of fat from milk + 4% soybean oil and 4% of oils with different n-3 PUFA species: soybean oil as control, linseed oil rich in α-linolenic (ALA), Buglossoides arvensis oil rich in ALA and stearidonic acid (SDA), fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Nannochloropsis microalga oil rich in EPA or Schizochytrium microalga oil rich in DHA. FA and NAE profiles were determined in plasma, liver, brain and adipose tissues. Different dietary n-3 PUFA distinctively influenced tissue FA profiles and consequently NAE tissue concentrations. Interestingly, in visceral adipose tissue the levels of N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), NAE derived from arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA, respectively, significantly correlated with NAE in plasma, and circulating DHEA levels were also correlated with those in liver and brain. Circulating NAE derived from stearic acid, stearoylethanolamide (SEA), palmitic acid and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) correlated with their liver concentrations. Our data indicate that dietary n-3 PUFA are not all the same in terms of altering tissue FA and NAE concentrations. In addition, correlation analyses suggest that NAE levels in plasma may reflect their concentration in specific tissues. Given the receptor-mediated tissue specific metabolic role of each NAE, a personalized formulation of dietary n-3 PUFA might potentially produce tailored metabolic effects in different pathophysiological conditions.
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Nutritional Importance of Selected Fresh Fishes, Shrimps and Mollusks to Meet Compliance with Nutritional Guidelines of n-3 LC-PUFA Intake in Spain. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020465. [PMID: 33573205 PMCID: PMC7911951 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishery products are the main source of dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). Following the European Commission’s request to address the risks and benefits of seafood consumption, and taking into account the great variability of nutrient and contaminant levels in fishery products, the present work aims to estimate the n-3 LC-PUFA provided per serving of selected fishes, shrimps and mollusks that are commonly consumed in Spain. This would enable the establishment of a risk–benefit analysis of fish consumption and provide recommendations for fish intake to comply with nutritional guidelines of n-3 LC-PUFA intake. We confirmed high variation in the pattern and contents of fatty acids for different species. n-6 PUFA were minor fatty acids, whereas palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1 n-9), and mainly eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n-3) acids were the major fatty acids in the sample. Therefore, consumption of 2–3 servings per week of a variety of fishery products may contribute to compliance with the recommended daily n-3 LC-PUFA intake while maintaining an adequate balance to avoid contaminant-derived potential risks (metals and others). Taking the fatty acid content of fishery products described in this study into consideration, it is advisable to include one serving of fatty fish per week in order to meet recommended n-3 LC-PUFA levels.
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Moriyama K, Kishimoto N, Shiina Y, Urata N, Masuda Y, Oda K, Yamada C, Takashimizu S, Kubo A, Nishizaki Y. Oleic acid to stearic acid ratio might be a potential marker for insulin resistance in non-obese Japanese. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 68:164-168. [PMID: 33879968 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from a recent study indicate that a higher level of oleic acid/stearic acid ratio was associated with metabolically unhealthy obesity. This was further validated in cross-sectional and interventional studies; however, this was not extensively studied in a non-obese population. We recruited 260 Japanese subjects with serum free fatty acid profiles undergoing anti-aging health examinations. The determinants for oleic acid/stearic acid ratio were investigated using multiple regression analyses. To compare different markers, the subjects were classified based on oleic acid/stearic acid ratio and the combination of oleic acid/stearic acid ratio and triglyceride levels. The oleic acid/stearic acid ratio exhibited a positive correlation with the logmatic transformed triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and the fasting triglycerides-glucose index, both of which were used as markers for insulin resistance. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and fasting triglyceride-glucose index were positively associated with the oleic acid/stearic acid ratio. Most markers were the worst in the highest triglyceride group in both oleic acid/stearic acid groups. In addition, most markers were worse in high oleic acid/stearic acid ratio group than low group. In conclusion, oleic acid/stearic acid ratio might be a useful marker for insulin resistance in non-obese Japanese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Moriyama
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0032, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kishimoto
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shiina
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Nana Urata
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Yumi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Kanae Oda
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Chizumi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Shinji Takashimizu
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishizaki
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
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16
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Miller M, Ryan A, Reed RM, Goggins C, Sorkin J, Goldberg AP. Effect of Icosapent Ethyl on Gynoid Fat and Bone Mineral Health in the Metabolic Syndrome: A Preliminary Report. Clin Ther 2020; 42:2226-2230. [PMID: 32967775 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a systemic disorder associated with reduced atheroprotective gynoid fat and bone mineral content (BMC). The goal of this pilot study was to assess whether administration of icosapent ethyl (IPE), a purified formulation of eicosapentaenoic acid, would maintain gynoid fat and BMC over a 9-month treatment period. METHODS Patients with MetS aged ≥40 years were randomly assigned to receive 4 g daily of IPE (2 g BID with food) or placebo (paraffin oil 2 g BID with food) for 9 months. Data were collected at baseline and 9 months later. The data included anthropometric measures, biochemical analysis, and whole body fat mass, including gynoid fat. Bone mineral density and BMC were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A two-tailed P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. FINDINGS The study sample consisted of 13 patients with MetS (mean age, 61.6 years; age range, 44-77 years; 77% female and 23% male). Compared with the IPE group, the placebo group experienced statistically significant mean reductions in percent gynoid fat (pre/post, 46.8%-43.5%; P = 0.02), BMC (pre/post, 2461 g-2423 g; P = 0.02), and bone mineral density (pre/post, 1.24 g/cm2 to 1.22 g/cm2; P = 0.05) over the 9-month study period. IMPLICATIONS The results of this pilot study raise the possibility that IPE supplementation may preserve gynoid fat distribution and bone mineral health in patients with MetS. Larger, randomized longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the potential long-term metabolic benefits of IPE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alice Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Baltimore VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Reed
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Goggins
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Sorkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Baltimore VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Baltimore VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Short-Term Effects of Early Menopause on Adiposity, Fatty Acids Profile and Insulin Sensitivity of a Swine Model of Female Obesity. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090284. [PMID: 32932852 PMCID: PMC7565410 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Menopause strongly increases incidence and consequences of obesity and non-communicable diseases in women, with recent research suggesting a very early onset of changes in lipid accumulation, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. However, there is a lack of adequate preclinical models for its study. The present trial evaluated the usefulness of an alternative method to surgical ovariectomy, the administration of two doses of a GnRH analogue-protein conjugate (Vacsincel®), for inducing ovarian inactivity in sows used as preclinical models of obesity and menopause. All the sows treated with the compound developed ovarian stoppage after the second dose and, when exposed to obesogenic diets during the following three months, showed changes in the patterns of fat deposition, in the fatty acids profiles at the different tissues and in the plasma concentrations of fructosamine, urea, β-hydroxibutirate, and haptoglobin when compared to obese fed with the same diet but maintaining ovarian activity. Altogether, these results indicate that menopause early augments the deleterious effects induced by overfeeding and obesity on metabolic traits, paving the way for future research on physiopathology of these conditions and possible therapeutic targets using the swine model.
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18
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Influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:657-668. [PMID: 32799935 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined as a reproductive endocrine disease that results in a low-grade inflammatory and pro-oxidant state. Dietary factors, including n-3 fatty acids, may have a key role in improving metabolic disorders in PCOS patients. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) markers in patients with PCOS. A systematic literature search of Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Lilacs, until November 2019, was conducted. Randomised clinical trials that reported inflammatory and OS markers as endpoints in women with PCOS receiving n-3 fatty acid supplementation were included. The pooled estimates of the weighted mean differences (WMD) and the standard mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Random effects models were adopted to measure the pooled outcomes. Among the 323 studies retrieved, ten fulfilled the inclusion criteria for a meta-analysis. We founded a significant decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (SMD -0·29 (95 % CI -0·56, -0·02) mg/l) and an increase in adiponectin (WMD 1·42 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·76) ng/ml) concentrations in the intervention group when compared with the placebo group. No statistically significant results were found in the meta-analysis for visfatin, nitric oxide, GSH or malondialdehyde levels or total antioxidant capacity. The data suggest that supplementation of n-3 fatty acids could reduce the inflammatory state in women with PCOS, through a decrease in hs-CRP and an increase in adiponectin levels.
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19
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Martín-Peláez S, Fito M, Castaner O. Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082236. [PMID: 32726990 PMCID: PMC7468821 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for a quality diet has grown over the past decade. Diet is considered one of the pillars for the prevention and progression of several diseases, among them: diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an epidemic of western countries that increases the vulnerability of other diseases, such as cardiovascular and cancer. T2D is associated with lifestyle and diet. The traditional Mediterranean diet has proven its benefits over several cardiovascular risk factors, and specifically on diabetes. This review compiles recent published evidence on the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the incidence and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its relation with several other cardiovascular healthy diets. We will also focus on how the Mediterranean diet could play a role in T2D-related mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory or antioxidant compounds, glucagon-like peptide agonist compounds, and changes in gut microbiota. Each component of the Mediterranean diet could be involved in processes related to diabetes homeostasis, many of them sharing common physio-pathological pathways. The importance of this diet within the set of habits of a healthy lifestyle must be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Montse Fito
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute [IMIM], 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición [CIBERObn], Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII], 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Castaner
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute [IMIM], 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición [CIBERObn], Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII], 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-933-160-720; Fax: +34-933-160-796
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20
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21
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Is There a Link between Zinc Intake and Status with Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Dyslipidemic Subjects? Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010093. [PMID: 31905662 PMCID: PMC7019783 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia has increased worldwide. The role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of these conditions is not well understood. This study examines the relationship between dietary zinc (Zn) intake and plasma concentrations of Zn, copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) with lipid profile indicators, fatty acid composition in plasma phospholipids and desaturase enzyme activities in a dyslipidemic population. The role of the newly proposed biomarker of Zn status, the linoleic:dihomo-gama-linolenic acid (LA:DGLA) ratio, in predicting Zn status of dyslipidemic subjects has been explored. The study included 27 dyslipidemic adults, 39-72 years old. Trace elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and fatty acid composition by a liquid gas chromatography. Desaturase activities were calculated from product-precursor fatty acid ratios. Dietary data were obtained using 24 h recall questionnaires. Insufficient dietary intake of Zn, low plasma Zn concentrations and an altered Cu:Zn ratio is related to modified fatty acid profile in subjects with dyslipidemia. Plasma Zn status was associated with obesity. There was no correlation between dietary Zn intake and plasma Zn status. The LA:DGLA ratio was inversely linked to dietary Zn intake. Cu, in addition to Zn, may directly or indirectly, affect the activity of desaturase enzymes.
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22
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Kwon Y. Immuno-Resolving Ability of Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins Derived from Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolic Syndrome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 64:e1900824. [PMID: 31797565 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acid consumption has been suggested to be beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its effects have been attributed to anti-inflammatory activity, with the inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism playing a central role. However, a more recent view is that omega-3 fatty acids play an active role as the precursors of potent, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)- and eicosapentaenoic-acid-derived SPMs are identified in the adipose tissue but the levels of certain SPMs (e.g., protectin D1) are markedly reduced with obesity, suggesting adipose SPM deficiency, potentially resulting in unresolved inflammation. Supplementation of the biosynthetic intermediates of SPM (e.g., 17-hydroxy-DHA) or omega-3 fatty acids increases the level of adipose SPMs, reduces adipose inflammation (decrease in macrophage accumulation and change to less inflammatory macrophages), and enhances insulin sensitivity. The findings from studies using rodent obesity models must be translated to humans. It will be important to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which obesity reduces the levels of and the sensitivity to SPM in adipose tissues. This will enable the development of nutrition therapy to enhance the effects of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention and/or treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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23
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Saito Y. Selenoprotein P as an in vivo redox regulator: disorders related to its deficiency and excess. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 66:1-7. [PMID: 32001950 PMCID: PMC6983434 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein P (encoded by SELENOP) contains the essential trace element selenium in the form of selenocysteine, which is an analog of cysteine that contains selenium instead of sulfur. Selenoprotein P is a major selenium-containing protein in human plasma and is mainly synthesized in the liver. It functions as a selenium-transporter to maintain antioxidative selenoenzymes in several tissues, such as the brain and testis, and plays a pivotal role in selenium-metabolism and antioxidative defense. A decrease of selenoprotein P and selenoproteins causes various dysfunctions related to oxidative stress. On the other hand, recent studies indicate that excess selenoprotein P exacerbates glucose metabolism and promotes type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on the biological functions of selenoprotein P, particularly its role in selenium-metabolism and antioxidative defense. Furthermore, the effects of excess selenoprotein P on glucose metabolism, and resulting diseases are described. The development of a therapeutic agent that targets excess selenoprotein P is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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24
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Ma X, Weng X, Hu X, Wang Q, Tian Y, Ding Y, Zhang C. Roles of different n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios in ovarian cell development and steroidogenesis in PCOS rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:7397-7406. [PMID: 31657414 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01730e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and common endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, which is accompanied by follicle growth arrest at the small antral stage, minimal granulosa cell proliferation, and chronic anovulation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are necessary for the body's metabolism, growth and development. Although PUFAs play an important role in the regulation of female reproduction, their role in ovarian development in PCOS is still unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-3/n-6 PUFAs (omega-3/omega-6) on ovary development in PCOS rats. Serum levels of reproductive hormones and enzymes related to steroidogenesis were assessed. The results indicated that PUFAs (n-3/n-6: 1/15) significantly increased ovarian weight and improved the ovarian structure although they had no significant effect on body weight in PCOS rats. Meanwhile, apoptosis was attenuated accompanied by increased cell proliferation by PUFAs (n-3/n-6: 1/15). Moreover, serum levels of hormones (FSH and E2) were also significantly increased by PUFAs (n-3/n-6: 1/15) accompanied by decreased T levels. To investigate whether PUFAs regulate the expression of enzymes related to hormone synthesis, western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of CYP51, CYP19, StAR and 3β-HSD. The results showed that PUFAs significantly increased the protein levels of all of these enzymes. These results indicate that PUFAs enhance the reproductive performance of PCOS by increasing the expression of steroidogenesis enzymes, which are related to hormone secretion and ovarian functions. These findings provide evidence that a balanced n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio is beneficial for PCOS reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Ma
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Xuechun Weng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Xusong Hu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Qiaozhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Yu Ding
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
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Oily Fish Consumption and the Risk of Dyslipidemia in Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study Based on the Health Examinees Gem (HEXA-G) Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102506. [PMID: 31627478 PMCID: PMC6835780 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids from fish or fish oil on cardiovascular diseases, limited information is available regarding the effects of oily fish in the diet on the risk of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the association between oily fish consumption and the incidence of dyslipidemia among Korean adults included in the Health Examinees Gem (HEXA-G) cohort during 5 years of follow-up. In total, 20,670 participants (5710 men and 14,960 women) were included in this study. The average intake of oily fish including dark meat fish, such as mackerel, pacific saury, and Spanish mackerel, and eel, was estimated using food frequency questionnaires. Oily fish consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia in both men (Relative risk (RR) comparing extreme quintiles = 0.75; 95% CI 0.60–0.95; P for trend = 0.0121) and women (RR comparing extreme quintiles = 0.81; 95% CI 0.69–0.96; P for trend = 0.0110) after adjusting for potential confounders. In conclusion, increased consumption of oily fish was significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia in the general Korean population. Future randomized clinical trials or prospective studies are required to confirm these findings in the Korean or other Asian populations.
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Horigome A, Okubo R, Hamazaki K, Kinoshita T, Katsumata N, Uezono Y, Xiao JZ, Matsuoka YJ. Association between blood omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the gut microbiota among breast cancer survivors. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:751-758. [PMID: 31965846 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients demonstrated to have health benefits, such as decreasing the risk of coronary heart disease, improving parameters associated with metabolic syndrome, and decreasing anxiety symptoms and depression risk. Previous intervention studies indicated the association between blood or tissue PUFA levels and the gut microbiota; however, the details remain incompletely elucidated. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the association between PUFAs and the gut microbiota among breast cancer survivors. Adults who had been diagnosed with invasive breast cancer more than one year ago and were not currently undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled. Capillary blood and faecal samples were obtained to assess the blood PUFA levels and gut microbiota compositions. The mean age (n=124) was 58.7 years, and 46% of the participants had a history of chemotherapy. Multiple regression analysis controlling for possible confounders indicated that an increased relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly associated with increased levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, beta=0.304, q<0.01). At the genus level, the abundance of Bifidobacterium was positively associated with the level of DHA (beta=0.307, q<0.01). No significant association between omega-6 PUFAs and the relative abundances of gut microbiota members was observed. In addition, analyses stratified by the history of chemotherapy indicated significant associations of PUFA levels with the abundance of some bacterial taxa, including the phylum Actinobacteria (DHA, beta=0.365, q<0.01) and Bacteroidetes (EPA, beta=-0.339, q<0.01) and the genus Bifidobacterium (DHA, beta=0.368, q<0.01) only among participants without a history of chemotherapy. These findings provide the first evidence of positive associations between the abundances of Bifidobacterium among the gut microbiota and the levels of omega-3 PUFAs in the blood. Further studies are required to gain additional insight into these associations in healthy subjects as well as into the causality of the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Horigome
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama City, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - R Okubo
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - K Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - T Kinoshita
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - N Katsumata
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama City, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Y Uezono
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - J Z Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama City, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Y J Matsuoka
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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27
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Milic P, Jeremic J, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Jeremic N, Bradic J, Nikolic Turnic T, Milosavljevic I, Bolevich S, Bolevich S, Labudovic Borovic M, Arsic A, Mitrovic M, Jakovljevic V, Vucic V. Effects of different dietary regimes alone or in combination with standardized Aronia melanocarpa extract supplementation on lipid and fatty acids profiles in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:141-150. [PMID: 31359243 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated different dietary strategies, high-fat (HFd), or standard diet (Sd) alone or in combination with standardized Aronia melanocarpa extract (SAE), as a polyphenol-rich diet, and their effects on lipids and fatty acids (FA) in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups: healthy and rats with MetS, and then depending on dietary patterns on six groups: healthy rats fed with Sd, healthy rats fed with Sd and SAE, rats with MetS fed with HFd, rats with MetS fed with HFd and SAE, rats with MetS fed with Sd, and rats with MetS fed with Sd and SAE. 4 weeks later, after an overnight fast (12-14 h), blood for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), and FA was collected. Increased FA and lipid concentration found in MetS rats were reduced when changing dietary habits from HFd to Sd with or without SAE consumption. Consumption of SAE slightly affects the FA profiles, mostly palmitoleic acid in healthy rats and PUFA in MetS + HFd rats. Nevertheless, in a high-fat diet, SAE supplementation significantly decreases n-6/n-3 ratio, thereby decreasing systemic inflammation. Further researches are warranted to confirm these effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Milic
- High Medical School of Professional Studies in Cuprija, Lole Ribara 1/2, Cuprija, 35 000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Isidora Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- Department of Pathophysiology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotic 8, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, Belgrade, 11 129, Serbia
| | | | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia. .,Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, Belgrade, 11 129, Serbia
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Cione E, Plastina P, Pingitore A, Perri M, Caroleo MC, Fazio A, Witkamp R, Meijerink J. Capsaicin Analogues Derived from n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) Reduce Inflammatory Activity of Macrophages and Stimulate Insulin Secretion by β-Cells In Vitro. Nutrients 2019; 11:E915. [PMID: 31022842 PMCID: PMC6520993 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two capsaicin analogues, N-eicosapentaenoyl vanillylamine (EPVA) and N-docosahexaenoyl vanillylamine (DHVA), were enzymatically synthesized from their corresponding n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both dietary relevant components. The compounds significantly reduced the production of some lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), macrophage-inflammatory protein-3α (CCL20) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2), by RAW264.7 macrophages. Next to this, only EPVA increased insulin secretion by pancreatic INS-1 832/13 β-cells, while raising intracellular Ca2+ and ATP concentrations. This suggests that the stimulation of insulin release occurs through an increase in the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio in the first phase, while is calcium-mediated in the second phase. Although it is not yet known whether EPVA is endogenously produced, its potential therapeutic value for diabetes treatment merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Attilio Pingitore
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Mariarita Perri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Alessia Fazio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Renger Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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29
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Yang J, Fernández-Galilea M, Martínez-Fernández L, González-Muniesa P, Pérez-Chávez A, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Oxidative Stress and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E872. [PMID: 31003450 PMCID: PMC6521137 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon characterized by the progressive loss of tissue and organ function. The oxidative-stress theory of aging postulates that age-associated functional losses are due to the accumulation of ROS-induced damage. Liver function impairment and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common among the elderly. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and evolve to hepatic cirrhosis or hepatic carcinoma. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and inflammation play a key role in the progression of NAFLD. A growing body of evidence supports the therapeutic potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), mainly docosahaexenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on metabolic diseases based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we performed a systematic review of clinical trials analyzing the efficacy of n-3 PUFA on both systemic oxidative stress and on NAFLD/NASH features in adults. As a matter of fact, it remains controversial whether n-3 PUFA are effective to counteract oxidative stress. On the other hand, data suggest that n-3 PUFA supplementation may be effective in the early stages of NAFLD, but not in patients with more severe NAFLD or NASH. Future perspectives and relevant aspects that should be considered when planning new randomized controlled trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchunzi Yang
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Leyre Martínez-Fernández
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adriana Pérez-Chávez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria J Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Hu X, Weng X, Tian Y, Wang C, Yang Y, Xu K, Zhang C. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on steroidogenesis and cellular development in PCOS rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:2504-2514. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, which is characterized by hyperandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusong Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
- College of Life Science
| | - Xuechun Weng
- College of Life Science
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Life Science
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Yanzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia
- Department of Histology and Embryology
- Ningxia Medical University
| | - Kaili Xu
- College of Life Science
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
- College of Life Science
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31
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Intestinal Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acid, Glucose and Fructose Transporters and Their Inhibition by Natural Plant Extracts in Caco-2 Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102544. [PMID: 30301205 PMCID: PMC6222386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal absorption of fatty acids, glucose and fructose is part of the basic requirements for the provision of energy in the body. High access of saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), glucose and fructose can facilitate the development of metabolic diseases, particularly the metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research has been done to find substances which decelerate or inhibit intestinal resorption of these specific food components. Promising targets are the inhibition of intestinal long-chain fatty acid (FATP2, FATP4), glucose (SGLT1, GLUT2) and fructose (GLUT2, GLUT5) transporters by plant extracts and by pure substances. The largest part of active components in plant extracts belongs to the group of polyphenols. This review summarizes the knowledge about binding sites of named transporters and lists the plant extracts which were tested in Caco-2 cells regarding uptake inhibition.
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32
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Guo XF, Sinclair AJ, Kaur G, Li D. Differential effects of EPA, DPA and DHA on cardio-metabolic risk factors in high-fat diet fed mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:47-55. [PMID: 29113747 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on lipid metabolism in 4 month-old male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. The high-fat fed mice showed evidence of fatty liver, obesity and insulin resistance after being on the high-fat diet for 6 weeks compared with the control low-fat diet fed mice. Supplementation of the high-fat diet with either EPA, DPA or DHA prevented the fatty liver, prevented high serum cholesterol and serum glucose and prevented high liver cholesterol levels. DPA (but not EPA or DHA) was associated with a significantly improved homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with the high-fat fed mice. Supplementation with DPA and DHA both prevented the decreased serum adiponectin levels, compared with EPA and the high-fat diet. In addition, supplementation with DPA and DHA both prevented the increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels compared with EPA and the high-fat group, which can be attributed to down-regulation of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway and decreasing lipogenesis in the liver. Therefore, DPA and DHA seem to exert similar effects in cardio-metabolic protection against the high-fat diet and these effects seem to be different to those of EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Sekgala MD, Monyeki KD, Mogale A, Mchiza ZJ, Parker W, Choma SR, Makgopa HM. The risk of metabolic syndrome as a result of lifestyle among Ellisras rural young adults. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 32:572-584. [PMID: 29867133 PMCID: PMC6150907 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lifestyle risk factors among Ellisras adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 adults (306 males and 318 females). MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The prevalence of MetS was 23.1% (8.6% males and 36.8 % females). Females appeared to have higher mean values for waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TCHOL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while males had high mean values for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). No significant age and gender differences were observed for dietary intake. Significantly more females (51.9%) presented with increased WC than males (4.6%). Participants who had a high dietary energy intake were significantly less likely to present with larger WC (OR: 0.250 95% CI [0.161; 0.389]), low HDL-C (OR: 0.306 95% CI [0.220; 0.425]) and high LDL-C (OR: 0.583 95% CI [0.418; 0.812]) but more likely to present with elevated FBG (OR: 1.01 95% CI [0.735; 1.386]), high TCHOL (OR: 1.039 95% CI [0.575; 1.337]), high TG (OR: 1.186 95% CI [0.695; 2.023]) and hypertension (OR: 5.205 95% CI [3.156; 8.585]). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, and alcohol status, high energy intake was more than two times likely to predict MetS in adults with a large WC (OR: 2.766 95% CI [0.863; 3.477] and elevated FBG (OR: 2.227 95% CI [1.051; 3.328]). Therefore, identifying groups that are at an increased risk and those that are in their early stages of MetS will help improve and prevent the increase of the MetS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Sekgala
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
- Population Health, Health System and Innovations, Human Science Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K D Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.
| | - A Mogale
- Department of Biochemistry, Sefako Makgatho, Health Science University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Z J Mchiza
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - W Parker
- Population Health, Health System and Innovations, Human Science Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S R Choma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - H M Makgopa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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34
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Riveros ME, Retamal MA. Are Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Implicated in Histaminergic Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder?: AN HYPOTHESIS. Front Physiol 2018; 9:693. [PMID: 29946266 PMCID: PMC6005883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is an extremely disabling psychiatric disease, characterized by alternate states of mania (or hypomania) and depression with euthymic states in between. Currently, patients receive pharmacological treatment with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Unfortunately, not all patients respond well to this type of treatment. Bipolar patients are also more prone to heart and metabolic diseases as well as a higher risk of suicide compared to the healthy population. For a correct brain function is indispensable a right protein and lipids (e.g., fatty acids) balance. In particular, the amount of fatty acids in the brain corresponds to a 50–70% of the dry weight. It has been reported that in specific brain regions of BD patients there is a reduction in the content of unsaturated n-3 fatty acids. Accordingly, a diet rich in n-3 fatty acids has beneficial effects in BD patients, while their absence or high levels of saturated fatty acids in the diet are correlated to the risk of developing the disease. On the other hand, the histamine system is likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases such as BD. Histamine is a neuromodulator involved in arousal, motivation, and energy balance; drugs acting on the histamine receptor H3 have shown potential as antidepressants and antipsychotics. The histaminergic system as other neurotransmission systems can be altered by fatty acid membrane composition. The purpose of this review is to explore how polyunsaturated fatty acids content alterations are related to the histaminergic system modulation and their impact in BD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Riveros
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio A Retamal
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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35
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Attenuation of Metabolic Syndrome by EPA/DHA Ethyl Esters in Testosterone-Deficient Obese Rats. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16060182. [PMID: 29794984 PMCID: PMC6024942 DOI: 10.3390/md16060182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing testosterone deficiency, as the standard treatment of prostate cancer, may cause metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. This study measured responses to testosterone deficiency in high-carbohydrate, high-fat (H) diet-fed rats. We then tested whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ethyl esters (Omacor) reversed these metabolic changes. Male Wistar rats (8–9 weeks old) were divided into eight groups with four groups fed corn starch and four groups fed H diet. For each diet, one group received diet only; one group was orchidectomized; one group was given leuprolide (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist, 2 mg/kg every 4th week); and the last group was treated with leuprolide and their diet was supplemented with 3% Omacor for the last eight weeks. The protocol was for 16 weeks. Leuprolide worsened metabolic syndrome symptoms and cardiovascular function, and orchidectomy produced greater responses. In H fed leuprolide-treated rats, Omacor decreased systolic blood pressure and left ventricular diastolic stiffness, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition in the heart, and reduced lipid accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration without improving liver damage. These results suggest that Omacor has potential to attenuate metabolic complications in prostate cancer patients with induced testosterone deprivation.
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36
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Capel F, Geloen A, Vaysse C, Pineau G, Demaison L, Chardigny JM, Michalski MC, Malpuech-Brugère C. Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients can reduce glucose intolerance during a high fat challenge in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:22. [PMID: 29568317 PMCID: PMC5859643 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Better choices of dietary lipid sources and substitution of refined by fortified oils could reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase the intake of omega 3 FA concomitantly to healthy bioactive compounds. Methods The development of obesity and metabolic disturbances was explored in rats fed during 11 weeks with a high fat diet (HFD) in which the amount of saturated and polyunsaturated FA was respectively reduced and increased, using rapeseed oil as lipid source. This oil was used in a refined form (R) or fortified (10 fold increase in concentration) with endogenous micronutrients (coenzyme Q10 + tocopherol only (RF) only and also with canolol (RFC)). The effect of substituting palm by rapeseed oil was analysed using a student t test, oil fortification was analysed using ANOVA statistical test. Results Despite a similar weight gain, diets R, RF and RFC improved glucose tolerance (+ 10%) of the rats compared to a standard HFD with palm and sunflower oils as lipid source. Plasma glucose was lowered in RF and RFC groups (- 15 and 23% respectively), although triacylglycerol level was only reduced in group RFC (- 33%) compared to R. The fortification with canolol promoted the activation of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue respectively. Canolol supplementation also led to reduce p38 MAPK activation in skeletal muscle. Conclusions This study suggests that the presence of endogenous micronutrients in rapeseed oil promotes cellular adaptations to reverse glucose intolerance and improve the metabolism of insulin sensitive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Capel
- 1INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert - BP 321, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Geloen
- 2Laboratoire CarMeN, INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, Univ-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- 3ITERG-ENMS, Université de Bordeaux, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Gaelle Pineau
- 2Laboratoire CarMeN, INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, Univ-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luc Demaison
- 1INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert - BP 321, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Michel Chardigny
- 1INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert - BP 321, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Present address : Centre de Recherche INRA Bourgogne Franche Comté Bâtiment Le Magnen, 17 rue Sully BP 86510, 21065 DIJON Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- 2Laboratoire CarMeN, INRA UMR1397, INSERM U1060, Univ-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- 1INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert - BP 321, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Quagliariello V, Rossetti S, Cavaliere C, Di Palo R, Lamantia E, Castaldo L, Nocerino F, Ametrano G, Cappuccio F, Malzone G, Montanari M, Vanacore D, Romano FJ, Piscitelli R, Iovane G, Pepe MF, Berretta M, D'Aniello C, Perdonà S, Muto P, Botti G, Ciliberto G, Veneziani BM, De Falco F, Maiolino P, Caraglia M, Montella M, Iaffaioli RV, Facchini G. Metabolic syndrome, endocrine disruptors and prostate cancer associations: biochemical and pathophysiological evidences. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30606-30616. [PMID: 28389628 PMCID: PMC5444769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the main pathophysiological basis of the relationship between metabolic syndrome, endocrine disruptor exposure and prostate cancer that is the most common cancer among men in industrialized countries. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic and hormonal factors having a central role in the initiation and recurrence of many western chronic diseases including hormonal-related cancers and it is considered as the worlds leading health problem in the coming years. Many biological factors correlate metabolic syndrome to prostate cancer and this review is aimed to focus, principally, on growth factors, cytokines, adipokines, central obesity, endocrine abnormalities and exposure to specific endocrine disruptors, a cluster of chemicals, to which we are daily exposed, with a hormone-like structure influencing oncogenes, tumor suppressors and proteins with a key role in metabolism, cell survival and chemo-resistance of prostate cancer cells. Finally, this review will analyze, from a molecular point of view, how specific foods could reduce the relative risk of incidence and recurrence of prostate cancer or inhibit the biological effects of endocrine disruptors on prostate cancer cells. On the basis of these considerations, prostate cancer remains a great health problem in terms of incidence and prevalence and interventional studies based on the treatment of metabolic syndrome in cancer patients, minimizing exposure to endocrine disruptors, could be a key point in the overall management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Abdominal Department, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale Foundation, Napoli, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Palo
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elvira Lamantia
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Nocerino
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ametrano
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappuccio
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Psicology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Malzone
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Micaela Montanari
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Vanacore
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Francesco Jacopo Romano
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Piscitelli
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione G. Pascale Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Iovane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Filomena Pepe
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Aniello
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI "Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO", Napoli, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco De Falco
- Psicology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione G. Pascale Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Montella
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli
- Medical Oncology, Abdominal Department, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale Foundation, Napoli, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
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Albracht-Schulte K, Kalupahana NS, Ramalingam L, Wang S, Rahman SM, Robert-McComb J, Moustaid-Moussa N. Omega-3 fatty acids in obesity and metabolic syndrome: a mechanistic update. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 58:1-16. [PMID: 29621669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to reduce obesity have become public health priorities as the prevalence of obesity has risen in the United States and around the world. While the anti-inflammatory and hypotriglyceridemic properties of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are well known, their antiobesity effects and efficacy against metabolic syndrome, especially in humans, are still under debate. In animal models, evidence consistently suggests a role for n-3 PUFAs in reducing fat mass, particularly in the retroperitoneal and epididymal regions. In humans, however, published research suggests that though n-3 PUFAs may not aid weight loss, they may attenuate further weight gain and could be useful in the diet or as a supplement to help maintain weight loss. Proposed mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs may work to improve body composition and counteract obesity-related metabolic changes include modulating lipid metabolism; regulating adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin; alleviating adipose tissue inflammation; promoting adipogenesis and altering epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kembra Albracht-Schulte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jacalyn Robert-McComb
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Kinesiology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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39
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Verma P, Srivastava RK, Jain D. Association of Lifestyle Risk Factors with Metabolic Syndrome Components: A Cross-sectional Study in Eastern India. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:6. [PMID: 29441183 PMCID: PMC5801597 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_236_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 20%-25% of the world adult population and nearly 30% of Indians have metabolic syndrome disorder. Our objective was designed to find out the association between important nutrients and potential lifestyle risk factors such as diet, physical inactivity, and smoking and alcohol consumption with the number of metabolic syndrome components. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 205 patients of metabolic syndrome were enrolled for this study. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was done on the basis of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (NCEP ATP III 2004). Dietary data were collected with the validated food frequency questionnaire and 24 h dietary recall method, and the nutrient intake was calculated with the specially designed software. Results Unhealthy dietary habits were seen more among the participants who had more than 3 risk factors. Results showed the odds of taking >5 times junk foods was 3 times higher (odds ratio [OR]: 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-5.47), and sweet dishes was 2.3 times higher (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.28-4.24) among the participants who had 4-5 risk factors. However, milk and dairy products > 4 servings/day (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.175-1.67) and pulses and legumes more than 2 servings/day (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.25-1.29) was protective against hypertension. Mean carbohydrate, saturated fat, and sodium intake was significantly higher in the participants who had 4-5 metabolic risk factors compared to 3 risk factors (P < 0.0001). Conclusions It was concluded that low intake of fruits, vegetables, and higher intake of flesh food and inadequate physical activity significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Verma
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratan K Srivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Jain
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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40
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Jankowski J, Zduńczyk Z, Mikulski D, Juśkiewicz J, Pomianowski JF, Zduńczyk P. Fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and sensory quality of breast meat from turkeys fed diets with graded levels of flaxseed oil for different periods of time. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of partial or complete substitution (2.5% and 5%, respectively) of flaxseed oil for soybean oil on the fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and sensory quality of turkey breast meat was studied. Turkeys were fed experimental diets for 3, 4, 5 or 6 weeks before being slaughtered at 16 weeks of age. The percentages of α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the total fatty acid pool of meat were determined by dietary intake and feeding duration. Even a prolonged dietary treatment with 5% flaxseed oil did not significantly increase the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content of the turkey meat and did not have a detrimental effect on the sensory properties. The recommended n-6 : n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (<4 : 1) in turkey meat can be easily achieved by feeding turkeys a diet containing 2.5% flaxseed oil for 3 weeks. To maintain the above ratio and increase eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in the meat, the diet should contain 5% flaxseed oil.
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41
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Açık M, Çakıroğlu FP. Yurtta Kalan Üniversiteli Kız Öğrencilerde Metabolik Sendrom Risk Faktörlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.362270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Wanyonyi S, du Preez R, Brown L, Paul NA, Panchal SK. Kappaphycus alvarezii as a Food Supplement Prevents Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1261. [PMID: 29149029 PMCID: PMC5707733 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The red seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, was evaluated for its potential to prevent signs of metabolic syndrome through use as a whole food supplement. Major biochemical components of dried Kappaphycus are carrageenan (soluble fiber ~34.6%) and salt (predominantly potassium (K) 20%) with a low overall energy content for whole seaweed. Eight to nine week old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and fed for 8 weeks on a corn starch diet, a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (H) diet, alone or supplemented with a 5% (w/w) dried and milled Kappaphycus blended into the base diet. H-fed rats showed symptoms of metabolic syndrome including increased body weight, total fat mass, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular collagen deposition, plasma triglycerides, and plasma non-esterified fatty acids along with fatty liver. Relative to these obese rats, Kappaphycus-treated rats showed normalized body weight and adiposity, lower systolic blood pressure, improved heart and liver structure, and lower plasma lipids, even in presence of H diet. Kappaphycus modulated the balance between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the gut, which could serve as the potential mechanism for improved metabolic variables; this was accompanied by no damage to the gut structure. Thus, whole Kappaphycus improved cardiovascular, liver, and metabolic parameters in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wanyonyi
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Ryan du Preez
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia.
| | - Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
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43
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Chatsumpun N, Sritularak B, Likhitwitayawuid K. New Biflavonoids with α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activities from Boesenbergia rotunda. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111862. [PMID: 29084164 PMCID: PMC6150212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. are prominent ingredients in the cuisine of several Asian countries, including Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, and China. An extract prepared from the roots of this plant showed strong inhibitory activity against enzymes α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase and was subjected to chromatographic separation to identify the active components. Three new biflavonoids of the flavanone-chalcone type (9, 12, and 13) were isolated, along with 12 known compounds. Among the 15 isolates, the three new compounds showed stronger inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase than the drug acarbose but displayed lower pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect than the drug orlistat. The results indicated the potential of B. rotunda roots as a functional food for controlling after-meal blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutputsorn Chatsumpun
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Karlsson T, Rosendahl-Riise H, Dierkes J, Drevon CA, Tell GS, Nygård O. Associations between fish intake and the metabolic syndrome and its components among middle-aged men and women: the Hordaland Health Study. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1347479. [PMID: 28747867 PMCID: PMC5510233 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1347479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In epidemiologic studies, the relationship between fish consumption and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been inconclusive and sex differences reported. The aim was to investigate associations between fish intake and the MetS in a cross-sectional study of men and women. Fish intake, waist circumference, triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, glucose and blood pressure were assessed among 2874 men and women (46–49 y) in the Hordaland Health Study (1997–1999). Fatty fish intake was inversely associated with TG in men only; mean difference in TG between highest and lowest quartile of fatty fish intake was –0.33 mmol/L (95% CI: –0.51, –0.15). Lean fish intake was inversely associated with TG in women only; mean difference in TG between highest and lowest quartile of lean fish intake was –0.23 mmol/L (95% CI: –0.34, –0.11). Fatty fish intake was positively associated with serum HDL-C in both men and women. Total fish intake was inversely associated with MetS; adjusted OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.57, 0.97). Higher fish intake was associated with lower odds of having MetS possibly driven by associations of higher fish intake with lower TG and higher HDL-C. The findings of differential associations by sex needs to be confirmed and possible biologic mechanisms explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Rosendahl-Riise
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health Registries, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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45
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Davidson EA, Pickens CA, Fenton JI. Increasing dietary EPA and DHA influence estimated fatty acid desaturase activity in systemic organs which is reflected in the red blood cell in mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:183-191. [PMID: 28697636 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1348494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Delta-5 (D5D) and delta-6 (D6D) desaturase are key enzymes in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may alter tissue FA composition via D5D and D6D. The purpose was to determine the relationship between dietary EPA + DHA, estimated desaturase activities of various tissues and the reflection of desaturase activity in the red blood cell (RBC). Mice were fed diets with increasing percent of energy from EPA + DHA. Phospholipid FA composition of heart, muscle, spleen, lung, adipose tissues and RBC were analysed. D5D and D6D enzyme activity estimates (EAE) were calculated as the ratio of 20:4/20:3 and 20:3/18:2, respectively. D5D EAE decreased in all tissues, except muscle, with increasing dietary EPA + DHA. RBC D5D EAE positively correlated with D5D EAE in all tissues. RBC D6D EAE positively correlated with muscle and inversely correlated with adipose D6D EAE. Our findings suggest differential influence of dietary EPA + DHA upon tissue desaturase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Davidson
- a Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - C Austin Pickens
- a Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- a Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
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46
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n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Metabolic Syndrome Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070703. [PMID: 28684692 PMCID: PMC5537818 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk have demonstrated inconsistent results. The present study aimed to investigate whether higher circulating n-3 PUFAs and dietary n-3 PUFAs intake have a protective effect on MetS risk. A systematic literature search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was conducted up to March 2017. Odd ratios (ORs) from case-control and cross-sectional studies were combined using a random-effects model for the highest versus lowest category. The differences of n-3 PUFAs between healthy subjects and patients with MetS were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) by using a random-effects model. Seven case-control and 20 cross-sectional studies were included. A higher plasma/serum n-3 PUFAs was associated with a lower MetS risk (Pooled OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.81). The plasma/serum n-3 PUFAs in controls was significantly higher than cases (WMD: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.43), especially docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, no significant association was found between dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs or fish and MetS risk. The present study provides substantial evidence of a higher circulating n-3 PUFAs associated with a lower MetS risk. The circulating n-3 PUFAs can be regarded as biomarkers indicating MetS risk, especially DPA and DHA.
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47
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Tajima-Shirasaki N, Ishii KA, Takayama H, Shirasaki T, Iwama H, Chikamoto K, Saito Y, Iwasaki Y, Teraguchi A, Lan F, Kikuchi A, Takeshita Y, Murao K, Matsugo S, Kaneko S, Misu H, Takamura T. Eicosapentaenoic acid down-regulates expression of the selenoprotein P gene by inhibiting SREBP-1c protein independently of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in H4IIEC3 hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10791-10800. [PMID: 28465347 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.747006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein P (encoded by SELENOP in humans, Selenop in rat), a liver-derived secretory protein, induces resistance to insulin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in type 2 diabetes. Suppression of selenoprotein P may provide a novel therapeutic approach to treating type 2 diabetes; however, few drugs inhibiting SELENOP expression in hepatocytes have been identified. The present findings demonstrate that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) suppresses SELENOP expression by inactivating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c, encoded by Srebf1 in rat) in H4IIEC3 hepatocytes. Treatment with EPA caused concentration- and time-dependent reduction in SELENOP promoter activity. EPA activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); however, the inhibitory effect of EPA on SELENOP promoter activity was not canceled with an AMPK inhibitor compound C and dominant-negative AMPK transfection. Deletion mutant promoter assays and computational analysis of transcription factor-binding sites conserved among the species resulted in identification of a sterol regulatory element (SRE)-like site in the SELENOP promoter. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that EPA decreases binding of SREBP-1c to the SELENOP promoter. Knockdown of Srebf1 resulted in a significant down-regulation of Selenop expression. Conversely, SREBP-1c overexpression inhibited the suppressive effect of EPA. These data provide a novel mechanism of action for EPA involving improvement of systemic insulin sensitivity through the regulation of selenoprotein P production independently of the AMPK pathway and suggest an additional approach to developing anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiyo-Aki Ishii
- From the Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism.,System Biology, and
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- From the Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism.,System Biology, and
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- System Biology, and.,Advanced Medical Technology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Health Medicine, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641
| | - Hisakazu Iwama
- the Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793
| | - Keita Chikamoto
- From the Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism.,the Division of Natural System, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- the Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Systems Life Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394
| | | | | | - Fei Lan
- From the Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | - Akihiro Kikuchi
- From the Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism.,System Biology, and
| | | | - Koji Murao
- the Department of Advanced Medicine, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 1750-1, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, and
| | - Seiichi Matsugo
- the Division of Natural System, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192
| | | | - Hirofumi Misu
- From the Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveDietary fatty acid composition likely affects prediabetic conditions such as isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); however, this risk has not been evaluated in a large population nor has it been followed prospectively.DesignDiet, physical activity, anthropometric, socio-economic and blood glucose data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were obtained from BioLINCC. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate associations of dietary SFA, MUFA, PUFA,n-3 fatty acid (FA) andn-6 FA intakes with incidence of one (isolated IFG) or two (IFG with IGT) prediabetic conditions at the end of 12-year follow-up.SettingStudy volunteers were from counties in North Carolina, Mississippi, Minnesota and Maryland, USA.SubjectsData from 5288 volunteers who participated in the ARIC study were used for all analyses reported herein.ResultsThe study population was 62% male and 84 % white, mean age 53·5 (sd5·7) years and mean BMI 26·2 (sd4·6) kg/m2. A moderately high intake of dietary MUFA (10–15 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 10 % reduced risk of isolated IFG incidence, while a high intake ofn-3 FA (>0·15 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 10 % increase in risk. Curiously, moderately high intake ofn-6 PUFA (4–5 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 12 % reduction in IFG and IGT incidence.ConclusionsMUFA,n-3 andn-6 FA contribute differently to the development of isolated IFGv. IFG with IGT; and their mechanism may be more complex than originally proposed.
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Guo XF, Yang B, Tang J, Li D. Fatty acid and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Meta-analyses of case-control and randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:113-122. [PMID: 28161092 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Blood and/or liver fatty acid contents of healthy subjects and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients have shown inconsistent associations. In addition, the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in relation to the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver fat, triglyceride (TAG) and fasting glucose levels are inconsistent. The present study aimed to investigate the differences of fatty acid content in the blood and/or liver tissue between healthy subjects and NAFLD patients, and to quantify the benefits of n-3 PUFA therapy in NAFLD patients. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed up to November 2016 using PubMed and Scopus databases. The differences of fatty acid content between cases and controls were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) by using a random-effects model. The intervention effects of RCTs were calculated as WMD for net changes in ALT, AST, liver fat, TAG and fasting glucose levels, respectively. Meta-regression with restricted maximum likelihood estimation was used to evaluate a potential linear relationship between confounding factors and effect sizes. Generalized least square was performed for dose-response analysis. RESULTS Ten eligible case-control studies and 11 RCTs were included. The pooled estimates of case-control studies showed that blood and/or liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content was significantly higher in the controls compared with cases. The pooled estimates of RCTs showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced the ALT (-7.53 U/L; 95% CI: -9.98, -5.08 U/L), ASL (-7.10 U/L, 95% CI: -11.67, -2.52 U/L) and TAG (-36.16 mg/dL, 95% CI: -49.15, -23.18 mg/dL) concentrations, and marginally reduced the liver fat content (-5.11%, 95% CI: -10.24, 0.02%, P = 0.051), but not fasting glucose. Dose-response analysis of RCTs showed that 1 g per day increment of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)+DHA was associated with a 3.14 U/L, 2.43 U/L, 2.74% and 9.97 mg/dL reduction in ALT (95% CI: -5.25, -1.02 U/L), AST (95% CI: -3.90, -0.90 U/L), liver fat (95% CI: -4.32, -1.16%) and TAG (95% CI: -14.47, -5.48 mg/dL) levels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis provides substantial evidence that n-3 PUFA supplementation, especially DHA, has a favorable effect in treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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50
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Saboori S, Djalali M, Yousefi Rad E, Nematipour E, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Javanbakht MH, Eshraghian MR, Ramezani A, Koohdani F. Various Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 3 Plus Vitamin E Supplementations on Serum Glucose Level and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 45:1465-1472. [PMID: 28032064 PMCID: PMC5182255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega 3 and vitamin E are two critical nutrients which include beneficial effects in coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of omega 3 alone supplementation or in combination with vitamin E on serum glucose and lipid levels and insulin resistance in CAD patients. METHODS Participants of this clinical trial included 60 male patients with CAD who selected from Tehran Heart Center in Tehran, Iran in 2014. They received 4 g/day omega 3 plus 400 IU/day vitamin E (OE), 4 g/day omega 3 with vitamin E placebo (OP), or omega 3 and vitamin E placebo (PP) for two months. Serum glucose, lipids and insulin were assessed and HOMA-IR was calculated before and after the trial and effects of these nutrients on the highlighted parameters were compared within the study groups. RESULTS Serum glucose level increased significantly in OP group (P=0.004), but not in OE group. OE and OP groups showed a significant decrease in fasting serum TG (P=0.020 and P=0.001, respectively). Serum insulin and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in OE group (P=0.044 and P=0.039, respectively) but did not change significantly in OP group. CONCLUSION Although, omega 3 supplementation may include adverse effects on serum glucose level, co-administration of omega 3 and vitamin E can beneficially decrease serum insulin and insulin resistance in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Saboori
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yousefi Rad
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Nematipour
- Dept. of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eshraghian
- Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Ramezani
- Dept. of Basic Sciences and Nutrition, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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