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Vass RA, Zhang M, Simon Sarkadi L, Üveges M, Tormási J, Benes EL, Ertl T, Vari SG. Effect of Holder Pasteurization, Mode of Delivery, and Infant's Gender on Fatty Acid Composition of Donor Breast Milk. Nutrients 2024; 16:1689. [PMID: 38892622 PMCID: PMC11174728 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast milk (BM) plays a crucial role in providing essential fatty acids (FA) and energy for the growing infant. When the mother's own BM is not available, nutritional recommendations suggest donor milk (DM) in clinical and home practices. BM was collected from a variety of donor mothers in different lactation stages. Holder pasteurization (HoP) eliminates potential contaminants to ensure safety. FA content of BM samples from the Breast Milk Collection Center of Pécs, Hungary, were analyzed before and after HoP. HoP decreases the level of C6:0, C8:0, C14:1n-5c, C18:1n-9c, C18:3n-6c, C18:3n-3c, and C20:4n-6c in BM, while C14:0, C16:0, C18:1n-9t, C22:0, C22:1n-9c, C24:0, C24:1n-9c, and C22:6n-3c were found in elevated concentration after HoP. We did not detect time-dependent concentration changes in FAs in the first year of lactation. BM produced for girl infants contains higher C20:2n-6c levels. In the BM of mothers who delivered via cesarean section, C12:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9t, C22:1n-9c levels were higher, while C18:2n-6c, C22:0, C24:0, and C22:6n-3c concentrations were lower compared to mothers who gave birth spontaneously. FAs in BM are constant during the first year of lactation. Although HoP modifies the concentration of different FAs, pasteurized DM provides essential FAs to the developing infant. Current data providing information about the FA profile of BM gives origination to supplementation guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Anna Vass
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magyar Imre Hospital, 8400 Ajka, Hungary
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Z.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Livia Simon Sarkadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Z.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Márta Üveges
- Division of Chemical, Noise, Vibration, and Lighting Technology Laboratories, Department of Methodology and Public Health Laboratories, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, 1096 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Judit Tormási
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (J.T.); (E.L.B.)
| | - Eszter L. Benes
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (J.T.); (E.L.B.)
| | - Tibor Ertl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sandor G. Vari
- International Research and Innovation in Medicine Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
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Houttu N, Vahlberg T, Miles EA, Calder PC, Laitinen K. The impact of fish oil and/or probiotics on serum fatty acids and the interaction with low-grade inflammation in pregnant women with overweight and obesity: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:296-311. [PMID: 37642166 PMCID: PMC10751948 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
N-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) and probiotics are generally considered to induce health benefits. The objective was to investigate (1) the impact of fish oil and/or probiotics on serum fatty acids (sFA), (2) the interaction of sFA with low-grade inflammation and (3) the relation of sFA to the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Pregnant women with overweight/obesity were allocated into intervention groups with fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics or placebo + placebo in early pregnancy (fish oil: 1·9 g DHA and 0·22 g EPA, probiotics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 CFU, each daily). Blood samples were collected in early (n 431) and late pregnancy (n 361) for analysis of fatty acids in serum phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesteryl esters (CE), TAG and NEFA with GC and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and GlycA by immunoassay and NMR spectroscopy, respectively. GDM was diagnosed according to 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. EPA in PC, CE and TAG and DHA in PC, CE, TAG and NEFA were higher in fish oil and fish oil + probiotics groups compared with placebo. EPA in serum NEFA was lower in women receiving probiotics compared with women not receiving. Low-grade inflammation was inversely associated with n-3 LC-PUFA, which were related to an increased risk of GDM. Fish oil and fish oil + probiotics consumption increase serum n-3 LC-PUFA in pregnant women with overweight/obesity. Although these fatty acids were inversely related to inflammatory markers, n-3 LC-PUFA were linked with an increased risk for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, University of Turku, 20520Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku, 20520Turku, Finland
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, UK
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit, University of Turku, 20520Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Hospital, 20500Turku, Finland
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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He ZW, Wang C, Li Y, Danzeng A, Liu FB, Shi JY, Ciren P, Yuan XY, Wu CX, Lan RH, Zhang BH. Does inclusion of bioactive n-3 PUFAs in parenteral nutrition benefit postoperative patients undergoing liver surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066171. [PMID: 37709313 PMCID: PMC10503353 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a part of parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing liver surgery. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Springer link, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP Database. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluated the outcomes of liver function, inflammatory reaction, the influence of certain markers of the immune system, and specific clinical indexes for patients undergoing liver surgery and receiving parenteral nutrition with n-3 PUFAs. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias for each study. Findings were summarised in Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence profiles and synthesised qualitatively. RESULTS Eight RCTs, including 748 patients (trial: 374; control: 374), were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with patients in the control group, the patients in the n-3 PUFA group who underwent liver surgery had significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase (mean difference, MD -42.72 (95% CI -71.91 to -13.52); p=0.004), alanine aminotransferase (MD -38.90 (95% CI -65.44 to -12.37); p=0.004), white cell count (MD -0.93 (95% CI -1.60 to -0.26); p=0.007) and IL-6 (MD -11.37 (95% CI -14.62 to -8.13); p<0.00001) levels and a higher albumin level (MD 0.42 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.57); p<0.00001). They also had fewer infection complications (OR 0.44 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.68); p=0.0003) and a shorter duration of hospital stay (MD -2.17 (95% CI -3.04 to -1.3); p<0.00001) than the controls. However, there were no significant differences in terms of total bilirubin, TNF-α, IL-2, IgA, IgG, IgM and CD3, biliary leakage and mortality between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS We found that n-3 PUFAs can benefit patients undergoing liver surgery by improving liver function and certain clinical indexes and decreasing related inflammation factors. However, there are limited RCTs on the application of n-3 PUFAs for patients undergoing liver surgery. Further evidence of the benefit of n-3 PUFAs in these patients warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei He
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Awang Danzeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Bin Liu
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Yu Shi
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingcuo Ciren
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Yuan
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Xian Wu
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Run-Hu Lan
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin-Hao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Division of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Alizadeh J, Kavoosi M, Singh N, Lorzadeh S, Ravandi A, Kidane B, Ahmed N, Mraiche F, Mowat MR, Ghavami S. Regulation of Autophagy via Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082195. [PMID: 37190124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes are an important component of tumor cell progression. Tumor cells adapt to environmental stresses via changes to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Autophagy, a physiological process in mammalian cells that digests damaged organelles and misfolded proteins via lysosomal degradation, is closely associated with metabolism in mammalian cells, acting as a meter of cellular ATP levels. In this review, we discuss the changes in glycolytic and lipid biosynthetic pathways in mammalian cells and their impact on carcinogenesis via the autophagy pathway. In addition, we discuss the impact of these metabolic pathways on autophagy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Navjit Singh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael R Mowat
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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5
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Broś-Konopielko M, Białek A, Johne M, Czajkowski K. Increased LC PUFA Levels in the Serum of Pregnant Women and Their Children as a Result of Dietary Supplementation with 'Omega' Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:231. [PMID: 36615888 PMCID: PMC9824740 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFA) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) are considered the most valuable bioactive fatty acids (FA) of the greatest importance for the mother’s and child’s health (e.g., placentation process, labor course, development of the central nervous system, visual acuity, cognitive functions), which results in dietary recommendations concerning EFA and LC PUFA intake in the diet of pregnant women. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of different food products consumption and ‘omega’ dietary supplements usage in groups of pregnant women. We also measured n-3 and n-6 FA content in serum samples of pregnant women and their children with the GC-FID technique, estimated the efficacy of applied supplementation, and compared the usefulness of different dietary supplements dedicated for pregnant women. ‘Omega’ dietary supplements effectively increased LC PUFA in the maternal blood (EPA, p = 0.0379; DHA p < 0.0001; n-3 PUFA, p < 0.0001), which penetrated the umbilical cord (EPA, p = 0.0131; DHA, p = 0.0288). If fish and seafood consumption is not enough, dietary supplements of the highest quality may provide sufficient LC PUFA without apprehension of MetHg contamination. ‘Omega’ dietary supplementation seems the most efficient way of providing an optimal supply of LC PUFA for the developing child from the earliest stages of development, which will bring advantages in the child’s future life and its health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Broś-Konopielko
- II Faculty and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Monika Johne
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czajkowski
- II Faculty and Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
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Roopashree PG, Shetty SS, Shetty VV, Nalilu SK. Medium-Chain Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk by Receptor and Pathological Subtypes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245351. [PMID: 36558514 PMCID: PMC9781514 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Medium-chain fatty acids contain 6-12 carbon atoms and are absorbed directly into the blood vessels, proceeding to the portal vein and, finally, to the liver, where they are immediately utilized for energy. We aimed to determine the medium-chain fatty acid levels in women with and without breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 women (100 breast cancer subjects and 100 control subjects) were recruited for the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected for biochemical estimations. Fatty acid methyl esters were isolated, and medium-chain fatty acid levels in plasma were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC-FID). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The fatty acid analysis revealed a significant decrease in the levels of caprylic acid (C:8) and lauric acid (C:12) and a significant increase in the level of capric acid (C:10) in the breast cancer subjects when compared to the control group. The level of caproic acid (C:6) was not significantly increased in the breast cancer subjects. In particular, the HER2- and ER-positive breast cancer subjects showed a decrease in their caprylic acid and lauric acid levels compared to other receptors. Conclusions: The results of the current study imply that lower levels of caprylic and lauric acid may be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. The relevance of medium-chain fatty acids for preventive and therapeutic interventions will be amplified by further research on the possibility that alteration in a patient's medium-chain fatty acid composition may mechanistically contribute to disease progression or breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa S. Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.S.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Vijith Vittal Shetty
- Department of Oncology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari Nalilu
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.S.); (S.K.N.)
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7
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Santos TSD, Souza EDS, Bragagnolo N, Costa ARD, Jordão Filho J, Almeida NMD. Essential fatty acids in farmed tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) from the Brazilian Amazon Area. ACTA SCIENTIARUM: ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.57090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the essential fatty acids of the total lipids of the fillet, head and orbital cavity tissue from farmed tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fish from a Brazilian Amazon area. The tambaqui were acquired from different fish farms in the Roraima state, located at Western Brazilian Amazon. The meat, the head and the fatty tissue from orbital cavity were dissected for lipid extraction and analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography. The fatty acids were quantified in mg g-1 of total lipids using C23:0 as an internal standard. The nutritional quality of the lipids was determined by using the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, and also by the ratio between hypocholesterolemic / hypercholesterolemic fatty acids. The orbital cavity tissue had the higher concentration amount of linoleic and α-linolenic acid, whereas the fillet had higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentration was: 1.28, 0.97, 1.71 mg g-1 of total lipids, in the filet, in head, and in orbital cavity tissue, respectively. All essential fatty acids were detected in the three parts analyzed. The nutritional quality of the total lipids from the head and from the orbital cavity tissue was similar to the fillet.
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Halim NFAA, Ali MSM, Leow ATC, Rahman RNZRA. Membrane fatty acid desaturase: biosynthesis, mechanism, and architecture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5957-5972. [PMID: 36063178 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturase catalyzes the desaturation reactions by inserting double bonds into the fatty acyl chain, producing unsaturated fatty acids, which play a vital part in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Though soluble fatty acid desaturases have been described extensively in advanced organisms, there are very limited studies of membrane fatty acid desaturases due to their difficulties in producing a sufficient amount of recombinant desaturases. However, the advancement of technology has shown substantial progress towards the development of elucidating crystal structures of membrane fatty acid desaturase, thus, allowing modification of structure to be manipulated. Understanding the structure, mechanism, and biosynthesis of fatty acid desaturase lay a foundation for the potential production of various strategies associated with alteration and modifications of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This manuscript presents the current state of knowledge and understanding about the structure, mechanisms, and biosynthesis of fatty acid desaturase. In addition, the role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturases in health and diseases is also encompassed. This will be useful in understanding the molecular basis and structural protein of fatty acid desaturase that are significant for the advancement of therapeutic strategies associated with the improvement of health status. KEY POINTS: • Current state of knowledge and understanding about the biosynthesis, mechanisms, and structure of fatty acid desaturase. • The role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturase. • The molecular basis and structural protein elucidated the crystal structure of fatty acid desaturase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farah Anis Abd Halim
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adam Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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9
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Kim H, Kim JK. Evidence on Statins, Omega-3, and Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:412-424. [PMID: 35021299 PMCID: PMC9253794 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake selections might play a crucial role in prostate cancer (PCa) occurrence and progression. Several studies have investigated whether statin use could reduce PCa risk but with conflicting results. Nevertheless, a significantly decreased incidence of advanced PCa has been consistently noted. Statins may also reduce the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in men with PCa after receiving active treatment. However, the influence of statin usage on BCR and PCa progression in men with high prostate-specific antigen levels has been found to be insignificant. In contrast, the combined use of a statin and metformin was significantly related to the survival status of PCa patients. However, some studies have revealed that the intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3) from fish or fish oil supplements may elevate PCa risk. Several meta-analyses on ω-3 consumption and PCa have shown controversial results for the relationship between PCa and ω-3 consumption. However, studies with positive results for various genotypes, fatty acid intake or levels, and PCA risk are emerging. This review highlights the association among statins, ω-3, and PCa. The findings summarized here may be helpful for clinicians counseling patients related to PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanik Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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10
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Chuaiphichai S, Yu GZ, Tan CM, Whiteman C, Douglas G, Dickinson Y, Drydale EN, Appari M, Zhang W, Crabtree MJ, McNeill E, Hale AB, Lewandowski AJ, Alp NJ, Vatish M, Leeson P, Channon KM. Endothelial GTPCH (GTP Cyclohydrolase 1) and Tetrahydrobiopterin Regulate Gestational Blood Pressure, Uteroplacental Remodeling, and Fetal Growth. Hypertension 2021; 78:1871-1884. [PMID: 34689592 PMCID: PMC8577301 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.17646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Grace Z. Yu
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl M.J. Tan
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Whiteman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health (W.Z., M.V.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.V., K.M.C.)
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Yasmin Dickinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Edward N. Drydale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Mahesh Appari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health (W.Z., M.V.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Ashley B. Hale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Adam J. Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Alp
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health (W.Z., M.V.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.V., K.M.C.)
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.M.J.T., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.C., C.W., G.D., Y.D., E.N.D., M.A., M.J.C., E.M., A.B.H., N.J.A., K.M.C.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.V., K.M.C.)
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11
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Shetty SS, Kumari NS. Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS 2) rs174575 (C/G) polymorphism, circulating lipid levels and susceptibility to type-2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13151. [PMID: 34162950 PMCID: PMC8222307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors influence an individual's susceptibility in inter-individual lipid changes and its role in the onset of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Considering the above fact, the present investigation focuses on determining the association between fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) rs174575 (C/G) polymorphism, circulating lipid levels and susceptibility to type-2 diabetes mellitus. As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 429 subjects (non-diabetic-216; diabetic-213) were recruited for the study. Glycemic and lipid profile status were assessed using commercially available kits. Based on the previous reports SNP rs174575 of fatty acid desaturase gene (FADS2) was selected and identified using the dbSNP database. The amplified products were sequenced by means of Sanger sequencing method. Lipid profile status and apolipoprotein levels revealed statistically significant difference between the groups. Three models were assessed namely, recessive model (CC vs CG + GG), dominant model (CC + CG vs GG) and additive model (CC vs CG vs GG). The recessive model, displayed a statistically significant variations between the circulating lipid levels in T2DM. The multivariate model with genotype (G allele carriers), triglyceride (TG) and insulin served as a predictive model. The study results potentiate the functional link between FADS2 gene polymorphism, lipid levels and type-2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa S Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S.Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed To Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, India
| | - N Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S.Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed To Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
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12
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Lehner A, Staub K, Aldakak L, Eppenberger P, Rühli F, Martin RD, Bender N. Impact of omega-3 fatty acid DHA and EPA supplementation in pregnant or breast-feeding women on cognitive performance of children: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:585-598. [PMID: 32918470 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are important for brain development and cognitive performance. Because they are semi-essential fatty acids, they must be obtained from food. However, the dietary reference intakes of DHA and EPA have not yet been established. In women, a low DHA and/or EPA serum level during pregnancy or breastfeeding might negatively affect their children. For this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials on the association between the consumption of fish oil supplements in pregnant and/or breastfeeding women and the cognitive performance of their children. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Central literature databases were systematically searched. We included and extracted relevant studies in duplicate and assessed study quality. Cognitive outcomes were grouped according to published criteria and according to time elapsed after the intervention. We performed fixed-effects meta-analyses for each cognitive outcome and for birth weight. We assessed potential confounding with meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS A total of 11 trials were included. No significant association was found between DHA/EPA supplementation and any of the assessed cognitive parameters or birth weight. DISCUSSION Our results confirm previous reviews on the studied topic. Reasons for inconclusive results may be small sample sizes for each assessed category, questionable quality of included studies, and the difficulty of reliably measuring cognitive performance in small children. Blood levels of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were mostly not comparable. Furthermore, the influence of genetic and environmental factors could not be assessed. Studies in this field should address such shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lehner
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Aldakak
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Eppenberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Rühli
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert D Martin
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - N Bender
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Gholami N, Abotorabi S, Lalooha F, Oveisi S. Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women Referred to Kosar Hospital. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 19:241-247. [PMID: 33680026 PMCID: PMC7757974 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.13976.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of a protective effect of fish oil supplementation in preventing some consequences of pregnancy such as gestational hypertension is put forward which has attracted increasing attention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fish oil supplementation on outcomes of pregnancy. This study was a clinical trial performed on 339 women with singleton pregnancy aged 18-35 and gestational age of 20 weeks who visited prenatal clinic at Kosar Hospital in Qazvin during 2015-2016. Patients were randomly divided into two groups marked as intervention group which received soft gelatin capsules (each containing 1000 mg fish oil including 120 mg DHA and 180 mg EPA) on a daily basis from the 20th week to the end of pregnancy, and the women in the control group with no fish oil intake. The outcomes of pregnancy including preeclampsia, eclampsia, preterm labor, gestational diabetes, weight, height, head circumference at birth and the gestational age at delivery were evaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including Mann-Whitney U test and t-test. There was significant difference in gestational age between the two study groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of preterm birth, preeclampsia, eclampsia, IUGR, and GDM between the two groups (P > 0.05). The results of this study showed that consumption of fish oil supplements from 20th week of gestation by 18-35 year-old pregnant women increased pregnancy age but failed to decrease the percentage of preterm birth, preeclampsia, eclampsia, IUGR, and GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Gholami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shokoh Abotorabi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Research Development Unit, Kosar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Lalooha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Research Development Unit, Kosar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sonia Oveisi
- Department of Maternity and Child Health, Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Qazvin, Iran
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14
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Purcell-Meyerink D, Packer MA, Wheeler TT, Hayes M. Aquaculture Production of the Brown Seaweeds Laminaria digitata and Macrocystis pyrifera: Applications in Food and Pharmaceuticals. Molecules 2021; 26:1306. [PMID: 33671085 PMCID: PMC7957606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have a long history of use as food, as flavouring agents, and find use in traditional folk medicine. Seaweed products range from food, feed, and dietary supplements to pharmaceuticals, and from bioenergy intermediates to materials. At present, 98% of the seaweed required by the seaweed industry is provided by five genera and only ten species. The two brown kelp seaweeds Laminaria digitata, a native Irish species, and Macrocystis pyrifera, a native New Zealand species, are not included in these eleven species, although they have been used as dietary supplements and as animal and fish feed. The properties associated with the polysaccharides and proteins from these two species have resulted in increased interest in them, enabling their use as functional foods. Improvements and optimisations in aquaculture methods and bioproduct extractions are essential to realise the commercial potential of these seaweeds. Recent advances in optimising these processes are outlined in this review, as well as potential future applications of L. digitata and, to a greater extent, M. pyrifera which, to date, has been predominately only wild-harvested. These include bio-refinery processing to produce ingredients for nutricosmetics, functional foods, cosmeceuticals, and bioplastics. Areas that currently limit the commercial potential of these two species are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Hayes
- Food BioSciences, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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15
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Campoy C, Azaryah H, Torres-Espínola FJ, Martínez-Zaldívar C, García-Santos JA, Demmelmair H, Haile G, Rzehak P, Koletzko B, Györei E, Décsi T, Ramírez-Tortosa MDC, Reischl E, Molloy AM, Luna JDD, Pérez-García M. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Homocysteine at Birth and Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Cluster Polymorphisms are Associated with Children's Processing Speed up to Age 9 Years. Nutrients 2020; 13:E131. [PMID: 33396458 PMCID: PMC7824114 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Both pre- and early postnatal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA) and folate have been related to neural development, but their long-term effects on later neural function remain unclear. We evaluated the long-term effects of maternal prenatal supplementation with fish-oil (FO), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), placebo or FO + 5-MTHF, as well as the role of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster polymorphisms, on their offspring's processing speed at later school age. This study was conducted in NUHEAL children at 7.5 (n = 143) and 9 years of age (n = 127). Processing speed tasks were assessed using Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Children Color Trails Test (CCTT) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT). Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) levels were determined at delivery from maternal and cord blood samples. FADS and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C > T genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. Mixed models (linear and logistic) were performed. There were significant differences in processing speed performance among children at different ages (p < 0.001). The type of prenatal supplementation had no effect on processing speed in children up to 9 years. Secondary exploratory analyses indicated that children born to mothers with higher AA/DHA ratio at delivery (p < 0.001) and heterozygotes for FADS1 rs174556 (p < 0.05) showed better performance in processing speed at 9 years. Negative associations between processing speed scores and maternal tHcy levels at delivery were found. Our findings suggest speed processing development in children up to 9 years could be related to maternal factors, including AA/DHA and tHcy levels, and their genetic background, mainly FADS polymorphism. These considerations support that maternal prenatal supplementation should be quantitatively adequate and individualized to obtain better brain development and mental performance in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Campoy
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 180016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (F.J.T.-E.); (C.M.-Z.); (J.A.G.-S.)
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda, Investigación 11, 180016 Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada’s Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias “Doctor Olóriz”, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Hatim Azaryah
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 180016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (F.J.T.-E.); (C.M.-Z.); (J.A.G.-S.)
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda, Investigación 11, 180016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Torres-Espínola
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 180016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (F.J.T.-E.); (C.M.-Z.); (J.A.G.-S.)
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda, Investigación 11, 180016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias “Doctor Olóriz”, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Zaldívar
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 180016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (F.J.T.-E.); (C.M.-Z.); (J.A.G.-S.)
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda, Investigación 11, 180016 Granada, Spain
| | - José Antonio García-Santos
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 180016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (F.J.T.-E.); (C.M.-Z.); (J.A.G.-S.)
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda, Investigación 11, 180016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Paediatrics, Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Hospitals, 80337 Munich, Germany; (H.D.); (G.H.); (P.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Gudrun Haile
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Paediatrics, Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Hospitals, 80337 Munich, Germany; (H.D.); (G.H.); (P.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Paediatrics, Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Hospitals, 80337 Munich, Germany; (H.D.); (G.H.); (P.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Paediatrics, Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Hospitals, 80337 Munich, Germany; (H.D.); (G.H.); (P.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Eszter Györei
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, József Attila u. 7, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (E.G.); (T.D.)
| | - Tamas Décsi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, József Attila u. 7, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (E.G.); (T.D.)
| | - María del Carmen Ramírez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
| | - Eva Reischl
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Anne M. Molloy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, 152–160 Pearse Street, D02 Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Juan de Dios Luna
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour International Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Granada’s Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Shetty SS, Suchetha KN, Harshini D, Sharmila KP, Rai S. Association of FADS2 rs174575 gene polymorphism and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1770-1776. [PMID: 34394238 PMCID: PMC8351823 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i4.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Gene and lifestyle factors are considered to be the major contributors. A dietary pattern is attributed to be one of the lifestyle risk factors favoring diabetes. The present study aims to find an association between fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene polymorphism and glycemic profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methodology A total of 429 subjects were included in the study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 213 and 216 subjects were diabetic and control, respectively. Body mass index was calculated. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin were measured using commercially available kits. rs174575 of FADS2 was selected based on previous publications and identified using the dbSNP database. To compare the biochemical parameters with the genotype, the following three models were used: additive model (CC vs CG vs GG), dominant model (CC + CG vs GG), and recessive model (CC vs CG + GG). Results and Discussion FBS, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B exhibited a high and statistically significant difference between subjects and controls. The three models exhibited a statistically significant difference between FBS, HOMA-IR, and HOMA- B (p<0.05). Conclusion The distribution of rs174575 genotype differed significantly between the subjects and controls in the present study. The study revealed that genetic variation in FADS2 is an additional facet to consider while studying the risk factors of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa S Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University)
| | - Kumari N Suchetha
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University)
| | - Devi Harshini
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University)
| | - KP Sharmila
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University)
| | - Srinidhi Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University)
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17
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Soto-Avellaneda A, Morrison BE. Signaling and other functions of lipids in autophagy: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:214. [PMID: 32998777 PMCID: PMC7525950 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of autophagy is integral to cellular function. In this process, proteins, organelles, and metabolites are engulfed in a lipid vesicle and trafficked to a lysosome for degradation. Its central role in protein and organelle homeostasis has piqued interest for autophagy dysfunction as a driver of pathology for a number of diseases including cancer, muscular disorders, neurological disorders, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. For much of its history, the study of autophagy has centered around proteins, however, due to advances in mass spectrometry and refined methodologies, the role of lipids in this essential cellular process has become more apparent. This review discusses the diverse endogenous lipid compounds shown to mediate autophagy. Downstream lipid signaling pathways are also reviewed in the context of autophagy regulation. Specific focus is placed upon the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways as integration hubs for lipid regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad E Morrison
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
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18
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Azaryah H, Verdejo-Román J, Martin-Pérez C, García-Santos JA, Martínez-Zaldívar C, Torres-Espínola FJ, Campos D, Koletzko B, Pérez-García M, Catena A, Campoy C. Effects of Maternal Fish Oil and/or 5-Methyl-Tetrahydrofolate Supplementation during Pregnancy on Offspring Brain Resting-State at 10 Years Old: A Follow-Up Study from the NUHEAL Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2701. [PMID: 32899673 PMCID: PMC7551257 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that maternal supplementation with folate and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) during pregnancy may affect children's brain development. We aimed at examining the potential long-term effect of maternal supplementation with fish oil (FO) and/or 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) on the brain functionality of offspring at the age of 9.5-10 years. The current study was conducted as a follow-up of the Spanish participants belonging to the Nutraceuticals for a Healthier Life (NUHEAL) project; 57 children were divided into groups according to mother's supplementation and assessed through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning and neurodevelopment testing. Independent component analysis and double regression methods were implemented to investigate plausible associations. Children born to mothers supplemented with FO (FO and FO + 5-MTHF groups, n = 33) showed weaker functional connectivity in the default mode (DM) (angular gyrus), the sensorimotor (SM) (motor and somatosensory cortices) and the fronto-parietal (FP) (angular gyrus) networks compared to the No-FO group (placebo and 5-MTHF groups, n = 24) (PFWE < 0.05). Furthermore, no differences were found regarding the neuropsychological tests, except for a trend of better results in an object recall (memory) test. Considering the No-FO group, the aforementioned networks were associated negatively with attention and speed-processing functions. Mother's FO supplementation during pregnancy seems to be able to shape resting-state network functioning in their children at school age and appears to produce long-term effects on children´s cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Azaryah
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (J.A.G.-S.); (C.M.-Z.); (F.J.T.-E.); (D.C.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour International Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (J.V.-R.); (C.M.-P.); (M.P.-G.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Martin-Pérez
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour International Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (J.V.-R.); (C.M.-P.); (M.P.-G.); (A.C.)
| | - José Antonio García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (J.A.G.-S.); (C.M.-Z.); (F.J.T.-E.); (D.C.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Zaldívar
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (J.A.G.-S.); (C.M.-Z.); (F.J.T.-E.); (D.C.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Torres-Espínola
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (J.A.G.-S.); (C.M.-Z.); (F.J.T.-E.); (D.C.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Campos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (J.A.G.-S.); (C.M.-Z.); (F.J.T.-E.); (D.C.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximiliams-Universität München, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Hospitals, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour International Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (J.V.-R.); (C.M.-P.); (M.P.-G.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour International Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (J.V.-R.); (C.M.-P.); (M.P.-G.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (H.A.); (J.A.G.-S.); (C.M.-Z.); (F.J.T.-E.); (D.C.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada’s Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Massari M, Novielli C, Mandò C, Di Francesco S, Della Porta M, Cazzola R, Panteghini M, Savasi V, Maggini S, Schaefer E, Cetin I. Multiple Micronutrients and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2432. [PMID: 32823606 PMCID: PMC7468952 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy needs to meet increased nutritional demands to maintain metabolism and to support fetal development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for fetal neuro-/visual development and in immunomodulation, accumulating rapidly within the developing brain and central nervous system. Levels available to the fetus are governed by the maternal diet. In this multicenter, parallel, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated once-daily supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA (i.e., multiple micronutrient supplementation, MMS) on maternal biomarkers and infant anthropometric parameters during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared with no supplementation. Primary efficacy endpoint: change in maternal red blood cell (RBC) DHA (wt% total fatty acids) during the study. Secondary variables: other biomarkers of fatty acid and oxidative status, vitamin D, and infant anthropometric parameters at delivery. Supplementation significantly increased RBC DHA levels, the omega-3 index, and vitamin D levels. Subscapular skinfold thickness was significantly greater with MMS in infants. Safety outcomes were comparable between groups. This first randomized controlled trial of supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA in pregnant women indicated that MMS significantly improved maternal DHA and vitamin D status in an industrialized setting-an important finding considering the essential roles of DHA and vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Massari
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Novielli
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Mandò
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Di Francesco
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | | | | | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
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20
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Chowdhury MH, Ghosh S, Kabir MR, Mamun MAA, Islam MS. Effect of supplementary omega-3 fatty acids on pregnant women with complications and pregnancy outcomes: review from literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2564-2580. [PMID: 32643471 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1786522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous benefits have been associated with omega-3 fatty acid consumption during pregnancy and the postpartum period, whether it is consumed in the diet with seafood or via supplements such as fish oil. This review primarily aimed to assess the current situation of the impact of omega-3 long-chain Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) supplementation on the outcomes of pregnancy. The electronic search of Medline, PubMed, Public Library of Science (PLOS) and Google Scholar databases was carried out for papers from 01 February 1995 to 01 March 2017 using keywords such as "pregnancy," "supplement," "long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids," "omega 3 fatty acids," and "clinical trials." Out of twenty-six studies, both observational and interventional, fourteen studies found the influence of omega 3 fatty acids during pregnancy or the early postpartum period on the duration of gestation and infant size at birth, preeclampsia, depression, and infant visual function and neurodevelopment have been reported. Omega 3 fatty acid intakes (both in terms of absolute amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the ratio of these 2 fatty acids) varied widely in these studies, however, and no clear consensus exists regarding the effects of omega 3 fatty acids on any of these outcomes. Because of the potential importance of these fatty acids for pregnant or lactating women, fetus, and newborn infants and the limited data from clinical trials assessing the effect of these fatty acids on pregnancy and infant outcomes, additional research is required to better define optimal intakes of specific omega 3 fatty acids during these critical periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Chowdhury
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Ghosh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ruhul Kabir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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21
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Liu L, Liu Z, Li Y, Sun C. Integration of metabolomics and proteomics to highlight altered neural development related pathways in the adult offspring after maternal folic acid supplement. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:476-487. [PMID: 32571678 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Maternal folic acid (FA) supplement (FolS) programs the early development of an offspring. The onset of complex diseases at a later stage of life has been evidently linked with maternal FA ingestion. However, little is known regarding the underlying molecule fingerprints of the offspring. Here, we analyze the influence of maternal FolS on the metabolism of the adult offspring rats using the integrated metabolomics-proteomics. METHODS Twenty pregnant female rats were randomly assigned to a FA supplement (FolS group) or control group which were fed AIN93G diet with 2 or 5 mg/kg FA, respectively. The blood samples from the offspring at 0, 3 and 7 weeks after birth were collected. The brain samples were obtained from the offspring at 7 weeks after birth. Serum and brain metabolite profiles were performed by UPLC-MS/MS and the brain proteomics analysis was obtained using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. RESULTS The metabolic change of the offspring for the maternal FA supplement is characterized by the phospholipids, fatty acid and amino acids, which are involved in linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, glycerophosphocholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, tryptophan, glycine, arachidonic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, and so on. Using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis, 51 differential proteins in the brain are identified, which provides valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms of the offspring after the maternal FolS. These results demonstrate neural development related metabolites and proteins, such as docosahexaenoic acid, glycine, tryptophan, γ-aminobutyric acid, dopaminergic synapse related proteins including G protein, PPP1R1B and CAMK2G, are significantly altered, which suggests that the active neural conduction occurs in the offspring after maternal FA supplement. The behavioral testing demonstrates that the high level of memory is observed in rats with FA supplement. CONCLUSIONS We conceive that the alterations of metabolites and protein in the offspring are associated with the maternal FA supplement and these alterations are involved in the neural development, although such animal data are limited in their ability to mimic metabolic outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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22
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Lee KH, Seong HJ, Kim G, Jeong GH, Kim JY, Park H, Jung E, Kronbichler A, Eisenhut M, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Koyanagi A, Hong SH, Dragioti E, de Rezende LFM, Jacob L, Keum N, van der Vliet HJ, Cho E, Veronese N, Grosso G, Ogino S, Song M, Radua J, Jung SJ, Thompson T, Jackson SE, Smith L, Yang L, Oh H, Choi EK, Shin JI, Giovannucci EL, Gamerith G. Consumption of Fish and ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1134-1149. [PMID: 32488249 PMCID: PMC7490175 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have suggested that ω-3 fatty acid intake may have a protective effect on cancer risk; however, its true association with cancer risk remains controversial. We performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses to summarize and evaluate the evidence for the association between ω-3 fatty acid intake and cancer outcomes. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to December 1, 2018. We included meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between intake of fish or ω-3 fatty acid and cancer risk (gastrointestinal, liver, breast, gynecologic, prostate, brain, lung, and skin) and determined the level of evidence of associations. In addition, we appraised the quality of the evidence of significant meta-analyses by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. We initially screened 598 articles, and 15 articles, including 57 meta-analyses, were eligible. Among 57 meta-analyses, 15 reported statistically significant results. We found that 12 meta-analyses showed weak evidence of an association between ω-3 fatty acid intake and risk of the following types of cancer: liver cancer (n = 4 of 6), breast cancer (n = 3 of 14), prostate cancer (n = 3 of 11), and brain tumor (n = 2 of 2). In the other 3 meta-analyses, studies of endometrial cancer and skin cancer, there were no assessable data for determining the evidence levels. No meta-analysis showed convincing, highly suggestive, or suggestive evidence of an association. In the sensitivity analysis of meta-analyses by study design, we found weak associations between ω-3 fatty acid intake and breast cancer risk in cohort studies, but no statistically significant association in case-control studies. However, the opposite results were found in case of brain tumor risk. Although ω-3 fatty acids have been studied in several meta-analyses with regard to a wide range of cancer outcomes, only weak associations were identified in some cancer types, with several limitations. Considering the nonsignificant or weak evidence level, clinicians and researchers should cautiously interpret reported associations between ω-3 fatty acid consumption and cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Seong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Keimyung University College of Nursing, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Jeong
- College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yeob Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbong Park
- Yonsei University Graduate School, Department of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Jung
- Yonsei University Graduate School, Department of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Department of Pediatrics, Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sung Hwi Hong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Louis Jacob
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada,Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hans Oh
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Address correspondence to EKC (e-mail: )
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Address correspondence to JIS (e-mail: )
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriele Gamerith
- Internal Medicine V, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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23
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Prato E, Fanelli G, Parlapiano I, Biandolino F. Bioactive fatty acids in seafood from Ionian Sea and relation to dietary recommendations. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:693-705. [PMID: 31986928 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1719388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine lipid content, fatty acid composition and the recommended daily portion of 13 fish species, nine bivalves, six crustacean, three echinoderm and three cephalopod species, from the Mediterranean Sea (Southern Italy). Fatty acids profile varied significantly among species (p < .05); polyunsaturated fatty acids represented an important proportion, with docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids in the highest amount. A high n3/n6 ratio was found in all species (from 1.0 in body wall of Holothuria polii and H. tubulosa to 10.9 in Mytilus galloprovincialis). The lipid nutritional quality indices (atherogenic index, thrombogenicity index and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic fatty acid ratio) showed crustaceans Parapaeneus longirostris, Plesionika martia, Melicertus kerathurus, Nephrops norvegicus, as likely to be more beneficial for the consumer health. This paper will be of practical value from a health perspective for populations who consume seafood and a powerful marketing tool for farmers.
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24
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Chen X, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Zheng X, Wang Y, Yu M, Liu G. Effects of the rs3834458 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in FADS2 on Levels of n-3 Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Meta-analysis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 150:1-6. [PMID: 31487670 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effects of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3834458 in the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (FADS2) on n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) levels using statistical meta-analysis. METHODS Literatures pertaining to the relationship between the SNP rs3834458 and LC-PUFA were retrieved from three electronic databases. Original information was analyzed using RevMan 5.3, including single statistics, test for heterogeneity, summary statistics and evaluation of publication bias. RESULTS In total, five pieces of literature were retrieved and divided into seven trials. We observed that the minor allele (Tdel+deldel) carriers of rs3834458 had higher linolenic acid levels (P < 0.00001) and lower eicosapentaenoic acid (P < 0.00001), docosapentenoic acid (P = 0.005) and docosahexaenoic acid (P < 0.00001) levels compared to those of carrying major allele homozygote (TT). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that minor allele of rs3834458 in FADS2 may result in lower activity of delta-6 desaturase leading to higher ALA and lower EPA, DPA and DHA in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China; Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, Jilin 130051, China
| | - Yixia Wu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zilin Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Xiaolei Zheng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China.
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25
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Martínez-Zaldívar C, Azaryah H, García-Santos JA, Demmelmair H, Altmäe S, Reischl E, Rzehak P, Koletzko B, Campoy C. Early nutrition in combination with polymorphisms in fatty acid desaturase gene cluster modulate fatty acid composition of cheek cells' glycerophospholipids in school-age children. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:S68-S79. [PMID: 31638497 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the human genes of fatty acid (FA) desaturase 1 (FADS1), 2 (FADS2) and 3 (FADS3) are associated with PUFA blood levels. We explored if maternal prenatal supplementation and children's genetic variation in seventeen SNP of the FADS1, FADS2 and FADS3 gene cluster influence twenty-one of the most relevant cheek cells' derived FA in glycerophospholipids (GPL-FA). The study was conducted in 147 Spanish and German mother-children pairs participating in the Nutraceuticals for a Healthier Life (NUHEAL) study at 8, 9 and 9·5 years. Linear and mixed model longitudinal regression analyses were performed. Maternal fish-oil (FO) or FO+5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) supplementation during pregnancy was associated with a significant decrease of arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations in cheek cell GPL in the offspring, from 8 to 9·5 years; furthermore, maternal FO+5-MTHF supplementation was associated with higher n-6 docosapentaenoic acid concentrations in their children at age 8 years. FADS1 rs174556 polymorphism and different FADS2 genotypes were associated with higher concentrations of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in children; moreover, some FADS2 genotypes determined lower AA concentrations in children's cheek cells. It is suggested an interaction between type of prenatal supplementation and the offspring genetic background driving GPL-FA levels at school age. Prenatal FO supplementation, and/or with 5-MTHF, seems to stimulate n-3 and n-6 FA desaturation in the offspring, increasing long-chain PUFA concentrations at school age, but depending on children's FADS1 and FADS2 genotypes. These findings suggest potential early nutrition programming of FA metabolic pathways, but interacting with children's FADS polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martínez-Zaldívar
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avda de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Hatim Azaryah
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avda de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José A García-Santos
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avda de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstr, 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Signe Altmäe
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avda de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, D-85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstr, 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstr, 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Campoy
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avda de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Avda de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Network of Biomedical Research Centres on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Wilson NA, Mantzioris E, Middleton PT, Muhlhausler BS. Gestational age and maternal status of DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy: A systematic review. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 144:16-31. [PMID: 31088623 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal diet is important in determining omega-3 DHA status however there is limited knowledge of other factors influencing maternal omega-3 concentrations during pregnancy. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether maternal DHA status changed across gestation. Changes in levels of other key polyunsaturated fatty acids were also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Medline, Embase, Amed, and CINAHL databases were searched. Included studies reported measures of maternal omega-3 status in at least two pregnancy trimesters. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included in the final analyses. Absolute omega-3 DHA concentrations increased across gestation, but decreased as a proportion of total lipids. DISCUSSION Our findings are consistent with previous observations of increases in lipid mobilisation, coupled with preferential transfer of DHA to the fetus, with advancing gestation. However the number of eligible studies was small and further investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Wilson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace & Frome Rd, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace & Frome Rd, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Philippa T Middleton
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI Womens and Kids Level 7, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide SA 5006, Australia
| | - Beverly S Muhlhausler
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide Waite Road, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia; Nutrition and Health Program, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Kintore Avenue, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
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Effects of Nutrition during Pregnancy on Levels of Cord Blood Fatty Acids. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.422012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity Attenuates Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation During Pregnancy. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121908. [PMID: 30518052 PMCID: PMC6315963 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with adverse offspring outcomes. Inflammation and deficiency of anti-inflammatory nutrients like omega(n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may contribute to these associations. Fetal supply of n-3 PUFA is dependent on maternal levels and studies have suggested that improved offspring outcomes are associated with higher maternal intake. However, little is known about how maternal obesity affects the response to n-3 supplementation during pregnancy. We sought to determine (1) the associations of obesity with PUFA concentrations and (2) if the systemic response to n-3 supplementation differs by body mass index (BMI). This was a secondary analysis of 556 participants (46% lean, 28% obese) in the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network trial of n-3 (Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) supplementation, in which participants had 2g/day of n-3 (n = 278) or placebo (n = 278) from 19 to 22 weeks until delivery. At baseline, obese women had higher plasma n-6 arachidonic acid concentrations (β: 0.96% total fatty acids; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.13, 1.79) and n-6/n-3 ratio (β: 0.26 unit; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.48) compared to lean women. In the adjusted analysis, women in all BMI groups had higher n-3 concentrations following supplementation, although obese women had attenuated changes (β = -2.04%, CI: -3.19, -0.90, interaction p = 0.000) compared to lean women, resulting in a 50% difference in the effect size. Similarly, obese women also had an attenuated reduction (β = 0.94 units, CI: 0.40, 1.47, interaction p = 0.046) in the n-6/n-3 ratio (marker of inflammatory status), which was 65% lower compared to lean women. Obesity is associated with higher inflammation and with an attenuated response to n-3 supplementation in pregnancy.
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Middleton P, Gomersall JC, Gould JF, Shepherd E, Olsen SF, Makrides M. Omega-3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 11:CD003402. [PMID: 30480773 PMCID: PMC6516961 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003402.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intakes of foods containing omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), such as fish, during pregnancy have been associated with longer gestations and improved perinatal outcomes. This is an update of a review that was first published in 2006. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of omega-3 LCPUFA, as supplements or as dietary additions, during pregnancy on maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes and longer-term outcomes for mother and child. SEARCH METHODS For this update, we searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (16 August 2018), and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing omega-3 fatty acids (as supplements or as foods, stand-alone interventions, or with a co-intervention) during pregnancy with placebo or no omega-3, and studies or study arms directly comparing omega-3 LCPUFA doses or types. Trials published in abstract form were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, assessed risk of bias in trials and assessed quality of evidence for prespecified birth/infant, maternal, child/adult and health service outcomes using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS In this update, we included 70 RCTs (involving 19,927 women at low, mixed or high risk of poor pregnancy outcomes) which compared omega-3 LCPUFA interventions (supplements and food) compared with placebo or no omega-3. Overall study-level risk of bias was mixed, with selection and performance bias mostly at low risk, but there was high risk of attrition bias in some trials. Most trials were conducted in upper-middle or high-income countries; and nearly half the trials included women at increased/high risk for factors which might increase the risk of adverse maternal and birth outcomes.Preterm birth < 37 weeks (13.4% versus 11.9%; risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 0.97; 26 RCTs, 10,304 participants; high-quality evidence) and early preterm birth < 34 weeks (4.6% versus 2.7%; RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.77; 9 RCTs, 5204 participants; high-quality evidence) were both lower in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. Prolonged gestation > 42 weeks was probably increased from 1.6% to 2.6% in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3 (RR 1.61 95% CI 1.11 to 2.33; 5141 participants; 6 RCTs; moderate-quality evidence).For infants, there was a possibly reduced risk of perinatal death (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.03; 10 RCTs, 7416 participants; moderate-quality evidence: 62/3715 versus 83/3701 infants) and possibly fewer neonatal care admissions (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.03; 9 RCTs, 6920 participants; moderate-quality evidence - 483/3475 infants versus 519/3445 infants). There was a reduced risk of low birthweight (LBW) babies (15.6% versus 14%; RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.99; 15 trials, 8449 participants; high-quality evidence); but a possible small increase in large-for-gestational age (LGA) babies (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.36; 6 RCTs, 3722 participants; moderate-quality evidence, for omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. Little or no difference in small-for-gestational age or intrauterine growth restriction (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.13; 8 RCTs, 6907 participants; moderate-quality evidence) was seen.For the maternal outcomes, there is insufficient evidence to determine the effects of omega-3 on induction post-term (average RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.22 to 2.98; 3 trials, 2900 participants; low-quality evidence), maternal serious adverse events (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.72; 2 trials, 2690 participants; low-quality evidence), maternal admission to intensive care (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.12 to 2.63; 2 trials, 2458 participants; low-quality evidence), or postnatal depression (average RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.77; 2 trials, 2431 participants; low-quality evidence). Mean gestational length was greater in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA (mean difference (MD) 1.67 days, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.39; 41 trials, 12,517 participants; moderate-quality evidence), and pre-eclampsia may possibly be reduced with omega-3 LCPUFA (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.01; 20 trials, 8306 participants; low-quality evidence).For the child/adult outcomes, very few differences between antenatal omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation and no omega-3 were observed in cognition, IQ, vision, other neurodevelopment and growth outcomes, language and behaviour (mostly low-quality to very low-quality evidence). The effect of omega-3 LCPUFA on body mass index at 19 years (MD 0, 95% CI -0.83 to 0.83; 1 trial, 243 participants; very low-quality evidence) was uncertain. No data were reported for development of diabetes in the children of study participants. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In the overall analysis, preterm birth < 37 weeks and early preterm birth < 34 weeks were reduced in women receiving omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. There was a possibly reduced risk of perinatal death and of neonatal care admission, a reduced risk of LBW babies; and possibly a small increased risk of LGA babies with omega-3 LCPUFA.For our GRADE quality assessments, we assessed most of the important perinatal outcomes as high-quality (e.g. preterm birth) or moderate-quality evidence (e.g. perinatal death). For the other outcome domains (maternal, child/adult and health service outcomes) GRADE ratings ranged from moderate to very low, with over half rated as low. Reasons for downgrading across the domain were mostly due to design limitations and imprecision.Omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy is an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of preterm birth, although it probably increases the incidence of post-term pregnancies. More studies comparing omega-3 LCPUFA and placebo (to establish causality in relation to preterm birth) are not needed at this stage. A further 23 ongoing trials are still to report on over 5000 women, so no more RCTs are needed that compare omega-3 LCPUFA against placebo or no intervention. However, further follow-up of completed trials is needed to assess longer-term outcomes for mother and child, to improve understanding of metabolic, growth and neurodevelopment pathways in particular, and to establish if, and how, outcomes vary by different types of omega-3 LCPUFA, timing and doses; or by characteristics of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Middleton
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Judith C Gomersall
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Jacqueline F Gould
- The University of AdelaideSchool of PsychologyNorth Terrace, AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5001
| | - Emily Shepherd
- The University of AdelaideARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Statens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Department of EpidemiologyCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Maria Makrides
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
- The University of AdelaideSchool of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthAdelaideAustraliaAustralia
- Women's and Children's Health Research InstituteNorth AdelaideAustralia
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Vahdaninia M, Mackenzie H, Dean T, Helps S. The effectiveness of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid interventions during pregnancy on obesity measures in the offspring: an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2597-2613. [PMID: 30251019 PMCID: PMC6769093 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential role of ω-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation during pregnancy on subsequent risk of obesity outcomes in the offspring is not clear and there is a need to synthesise this evidence. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including the most recent studies, was conducted to assess the effectiveness of ω-3 LCPUFA interventions during pregnancy on obesity measures, e.g. BMI, body weight, fat mass in offspring. METHODS Included RCTs had a minimum of 1-month follow-up post-partum. The search included CENTRAL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WHO's International Clinical Trials Reg., E-theses and Web of Science databases. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. RESULTS Eleven RCTs, from ten unique trials, (3644 children) examined the effectiveness of ω-3 LCPUFA maternal supplementation during pregnancy on the development of obesity outcomes in offspring. There were heterogeneities between the trials in terms of their sample, type and duration of intervention and follow-up. Pooled estimates did not show an association between prenatal intake of fatty acids and obesity measures in offspring. CONCLUSION These results indicate that maternal supplementation with ω-3 LCPUFA during pregnancy does not have a beneficial effect on obesity risk. Due to the high heterogeneity between studies along with small sample sizes and high rates of attrition, the effects of ω-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy for prevention of childhood obesity in the long-term remains unclear. Large high-quality RCTs are needed that are designed specifically to examine the effect of prenatal intake of fatty acids for prevention of childhood obesity. There is also a need to determine specific sub-groups in the population that might get a greater benefit and whether different ω-3 LCPUFA, i.e. eicosapentaenoic (EPA) vs. docosahexanoic (DHA) acids might potentially have different effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Vahdaninia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work (SHSSW), University of Portsmouth, James Watson West, 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2FR, UK. .,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK.
| | - H Mackenzie
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work (SHSSW), University of Portsmouth, James Watson West, 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2FR, UK
| | - T Dean
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work (SHSSW), University of Portsmouth, James Watson West, 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2FR, UK.,Research and Enterprise, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - S Helps
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work (SHSSW), University of Portsmouth, James Watson West, 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2FR, UK
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Watanabe N, Matsuoka Y, Kumachi M, Hamazaki K, Horikoshi M, Furukawa TA. Omega-3 fatty acids for a better mental state in working populations - Happy Nurse Project: A 52-week randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 102:72-80. [PMID: 29627596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids for maintaining a better mental state has not been examined among working populations. We aimed to explore the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids for hospital nurses. In a multi-center randomized trial, 80 junior nurses were randomly allocated to either omega-3 fatty acids (1200 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid and 600 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid) or identical placebo pills for 13 weeks. The primary outcome was the total score of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), determined by a blinded rater at week 26 from the study enrolment. Secondary outcomes included the total score of the HADS at 13 and 52 weeks; incidence of a major depressive episode; severity of depression, anxiety, insomnia, burnout, and presenteeism; utility scores; and adverse events at 13, 26 and 52 weeks. The mean HADS score at baseline was 7.2. At 26 weeks, adjusted mean scores on the HADS were 6.32 (95% CIs of standard errors: 5.13, 7.52) in the intervention and 6.81 (5.57, 8.05) in the placebo groups, respectively. The coefficient of the group by time interaction was not statistically significant at 0.58 (-1.35, 2.50; P = 0.557). Although the intervention group showed significant superiority on the HADS score at 52 weeks, depression severity at 52 weeks, insomnia severity at 13 weeks, and absolute presenteeism at 26 weeks, no significant superiority or inferiority was observed on the other outcomes. The additive value of omega-3 fatty acids was not confirmed regarding mental state and self-evaluated work efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Watanabe
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior and of Clinical Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Matsuoka
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mie Kumachi
- Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing, 17-3 Azananawashirozawa, Kamikitatesaruta, Akita 010-1493, Japan.
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Masaru Horikoshi
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan.
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior and of Clinical Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public Health, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Phang M, Skilton MR. Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Complications of Pregnancy and Maternal Risk Factors for Offspring Cardio-Metabolic Disease. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050138. [PMID: 29695082 PMCID: PMC5983270 DOI: 10.3390/md16050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are important nutrients during periods of rapid growth and development in utero and infancy. Maternal health and risk factors play a crucial role in birth outcomes and subsequently offspring cardio-metabolic health. Evidence from observational studies and randomized trials have suggested a potential association of maternal intake of marine n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy with pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, there is inconsistency in the literature on whether marine n-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy can prevent maternal complications of pregnancy. This narrative literature review summarizes recent evidence on observational and clinical trials of marine n-3 PUFA intake on maternal risk factors and effects on offspring cardio-metabolic health. The current evidence generally does not support a role of maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation in altering the incidence of gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, or pre-eclampsia. It may be that benefits from marine n-3 PUFA supplementation are more pronounced in high-risk populations, such as women with a history of complications of pregnancy, or women with low marine n-3 PUFA intake. Discrepancies between studies may be related to differences in study design, dosage, fatty acid interplay, and length of treatment. Further prospective double-blind studies are needed to clarify the impact of long-chain marine n-3 PUFAs on risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Phang
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael R Skilton
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia.
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Hoge A, Bernardy F, Donneau AF, Dardenne N, Degée S, Timmermans M, Nisolle M, Guillaume M, Castronovo V. Low omega-3 index values and monounsaturated fatty acid levels in early pregnancy: an analysis of maternal erythrocytes fatty acids. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:63. [PMID: 29606136 PMCID: PMC5879610 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unanimously recognized that the maternal nutritional status at the pregnancy onset influence both short-term and long-term health of the mother and offspring. Among several nutrients, LCPUFA, particularly from the omega-3 family, are of utmost importance. This study was carried out to determine fatty acids profile of maternal erythrocyte membranes in early pregnancy and to identify potential determinants impacting on this status. Methods A cohort of 122 healthy women with a singleton pregnancy was included. Fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography. Because of the lack of cutoff values, reference ranges were used to determine fatty acids categories. Results Of concern, our data revealed low monounsaturated and long-chain omega-3 fatty acid status in most participants. More than 75% of Belgian pregnant women exhibited Pal, AO and EPA levels as well as IOM3 values below the laboratory reference ranges. Higher DHA concentrations and IOM3 values were found among foreign-nationality participants, non-smokers and physically active women. With regard to dietary factors, omega-3 supplements and diet seem to be complementary since DHA from supplements (but not from diet) and EPA from diet (but not from supplements) were found to be associated with higher concentrations of DHA and EPA, respectively. Conclusions Our study presents evidence demonstrating that the fatty acid status of most early pregnant women is far from being optimal based on the admitted general reference values. Clinicians should be advice to carefully evaluate and improve this status to guarantee the best possible outcome for both the mother and the baby. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0716-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Hoge
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Florence Bernardy
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Françoise Donneau
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Dardenne
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Degée
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHR Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Timmermans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHR Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michelle Nisolle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHR Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Guillaume
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13 - B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-CANCER, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Zhang Z, Fulgoni VL, Kris-Etherton PM, Mitmesser SH. Dietary Intakes of EPA and DHA Omega-3 Fatty Acids among US Childbearing-Age and Pregnant Women: An Analysis of NHANES 2001-2014. Nutrients 2018; 10:E416. [PMID: 29597261 PMCID: PMC5946201 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend that the general population should consume about 8 ounces (oz.) per week of a variety of seafood, providing approximately 250 mg per day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and that pregnant and lactating women should consume 8–12 oz. per week of seafood. METHODS We determined the usual intakes, percentage not meeting recommendations, and trends in EPA and DHA intakes among childbearing-age and pregnant women (15–44 years of age) using the NHANES cycles 2001–2002 through 2013–2014. RESULTS For the childbearing-age women, the mean usual intake of seafood was 0.44 ± 0.02 oz. equivalent per day and 100% of the population was below the DGA recommendation. Mean usual intakes of EPA, DHA, and combined EPA and DHA from foods and dietary supplements combined were 26.8 ± 1.4, 62.2 ± 1.9, and 88.1 ± 3.0 mg per day, respectively. Over 95% of the sample did not meet the daily intakes of 250 mg EPA and DHA. Similar results were observed for pregnant women. After controlling for covariates, there were slight but significant increases in EPA and DHA intakes from foods and dietary supplements over the 14-year span among childbearing-age (p = 0.005) and pregnant women (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS It was estimated that a majority of U.S. childbearing-age and pregnant women consumed significantly lower amounts of seafood than what the DGA recommends, which subsequently leads to low intakes of EPA and DHA; in addition, dietary supplement use has not eliminated the nutrient shortfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zhang
- Nutrition and Scientific Affairs, The Nature's Bounty Co., Ronkonkoma, NY 11779, USA.
| | | | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Fabio R, Martino G, Capri T, Giacchero R, Giannatiem S, Antonietti A, La Briola F, Banderali G, Canevini M, Vignoli A. Long Chain Poly-unsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Rett Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajcn.2018.37.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gould JF, Best K, Makrides M. Perinatal nutrition interventions and post-partum depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2017; 224:2-9. [PMID: 28012571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most prevalent mood disorder associated with childbirth. No single cause of PPD has been identified, however the increased risk of nutritional deficiencies incurred through the high nutritional requirements of pregnancy may play a role in the pathology of depressive symptoms. Three nutritional interventions have drawn particular interest as possible non-invasive and cost-effective prevention and/or treatment strategies for PPD; omega-3 (n-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), vitamin D and overall diet. METHODS We searched for meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCT's) of nutritional interventions during the perinatal period with PPD as an outcome, and checked for any trials published subsequently to the meta-analyses. RESULTS Fish oil: Eleven RCT's of prenatal fish oil supplementation RCT's show null and positive effects on PPD symptoms. Vitamin D: no relevant RCT's were identified, however seven observational studies of maternal vitamin D levels with PPD outcomes showed inconsistent associations. Diet: Two Australian RCT's with dietary advice interventions in pregnancy had a positive and null result on PPD. LIMITATIONS With the exception of fish oil, few RCT's with nutritional interventions during pregnancy assess PPD. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to determine whether nutritional intervention strategies during pregnancy can protect against symptoms of PPD. Given the prevalence of PPD and ease of administering PPD measures, we recommend future prenatal nutritional RCT's include PPD as an outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F Gould
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karen Best
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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37
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Effects of maternal intake of n-3 fatty acids on lipid profile and leptin concentration in cord blood. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.357250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Büyükuslu N, Ovalı S, Altuntaş ŞL, Batırel S, Yiğit P, Garipağaoğlu M. Supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) / Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in a ratio of 1/1.3 during the last trimester of pregnancy results in EPA accumulation in cord blood. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 125:32-36. [PMID: 28987719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), specifically DHA, are associated with fetal growth and development. We aimed to determine the levels of DHA and EPA in cord serum after n-3 FA supplementation during the last trimester of pregnancy. Among 55 women, 23 were administered daily one capsule of n-3 FA supplement, involving DHA/EPA in a ratio of 1/1.3. Twenty nine women were enrolled as control group. Blood samples were collected at 22-24 weeks of gestation and at delivery. Fatty acids were analyzed with the method of GC-MS. Cord DHA level increased and EPA level decreased in both groups between the days of 22-24 and delivery. However, decrease in cord EPA level was significant in control group (p < 0.001) but not in supplement group (p > 0.05). Supplementation of DHA/EPA in a ratio of 1/1.3 during the last trimester of pregnancy caused higher cord EPA level compared to control group indicating an accumulation in umbilical cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Büyükuslu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık Mah. Ekinciler Cad. No.19 Kavacık Kavşağı-Beykoz, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sema Ovalı
- Medipol Koşuyolu Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Saime Batırel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pakize Yiğit
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muazzez Garipağaoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Kavacık Mah. Ekinciler Cad. No.19 Kavacık Kavşağı-Beykoz, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
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Cultural effects on neurodevelopmental testing in children from six European countries: an analysis of NUTRIMENTHE Global Database. Br J Nutr 2017; 122:S59-S67. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCultural background is an important variable influencing neuropsychological performance. Multinational projects usually involve gathering data from participants from different countries and/or different cultures. Little is known about the influence of culture on neuropsychological testing results in children and especially in European children. The objectives of this study were to compare neuropsychological performance of children from six European countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland and Spain) using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and to apply a statistical procedure to reduce the influence of country/cultural differences in neuropsychological performance. As expected, the results demonstrated differences in neuropsychological performance among children of the six countries involved. Cultural differences remained after adjusting for other confounders related to neuropsychological execution, such as sex, type of delivery, maternal age, gestational age and maternal educational level. Differences between countries disappeared and influence of culture was considerably reduced when standardised scores by country and sex were used. These results highlight the need for developing specific procedures to compare neuropsychological performance among children from different cultures to be used in multicentre studies.
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On the relationship between head circumference, brain size, prenatal long-chain PUFA/5-methyltetrahydrofolate supplementation and cognitive abilities during childhood. Br J Nutr 2017; 122:S40-S48. [PMID: 28351446 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Head circumference in infants has been reported to predict brain size, total grey matter volume (GMV) and neurocognitive development. However, it is unknown whether it has predictive value on regional and subcortical brain volumes. We aimed to explore the relationship between several head circumference measurements since birth and distributions of GMV and subcortical volumes at later childhood. We examined seventy-four, Caucasian, singleton, term-born infants born to mothers randomised to receive fish oil and/or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or placebo prenatal supplementation. We assessed head circumference at birth and at 4 and 10 years of age and cognitive abilities at 7 years of age. We obtained brain MRI at 10 years of age, on which we performed voxel-based morphometry, cortical surface extraction and subcortical segmentation. Analyses were controlled for sex, age, height, weight, family status, laterality and total intracranial volume. Prenatal supplementation did not affect head circumference at any age, cognitive abilities or total brain volumes. Head circumference at 4 years presented the highest correlation with total GMV, white matter volume and brain surface area, and was also strongly associated with GMV of frontal, temporal and occipital areas, as well as with caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus volumes. As relationships between brain volumes in childhood and several outcomes extend into adulthood, we have found that ages between 0 and 4 years as the optimal time for brain growth; postnatal factors might have the most relevant impact on structural maturation of certain cortical areas and subcortical nuclei, independent of prenatal supplementation.
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Abstract
A few studies have recently reported that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with higher volumes of subcortical brain structures in children. It is, however, unknown how different fitness measures relate to shapes of subcortical brain nuclei. We aimed to examine the association of the main health-related physical fitness components with shapes of subcortical brain structures in a sample of forty-four Spanish children aged 9·7 (sd 0·2) years from the NUtraceuticals for a HEALthier life project. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and speed agility were assessed using valid and reliable tests (ALPHA-fitness test battery). Shape of the subcortical brain structures was assessed by MRI, and its relationship with fitness was examined after controlling for a set of potential confounders using a partial correlation permutation approach. Our results showed that all physical fitness components studied were significantly related to the shapes of subcortical brain nuclei. These associations were both positive and negative, indicating that a higher level of fitness in childhood is related to both expansions and contractions in certain regions of the accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus. Cardiorespiratory fitness was mainly associated with expansions, whereas handgrip was mostly associated with contractions in the structures studied. Future randomised-controlled trials will confirm or contrast our findings, demonstrating whether changes in fitness modify the shapes of brain structures and the extent to which those changes influence cognitive function.
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Altmäe S, Segura MT, Esteban FJ, Bartel S, Brandi P, Irmler M, Beckers J, Demmelmair H, López-Sabater C, Koletzko B, Krauss-Etschmann S, Campoy C. Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity Is Associated with Altered Placental Transcriptome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169223. [PMID: 28125591 PMCID: PMC5268451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has a major impact on pregnancy outcomes. There is growing evidence that maternal obesity has a negative influence on placental development and function, thereby adversely influencing offspring programming and health outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. We analysed ten term placenta’s whole transcriptomes in obese (n = 5) and normal weight women (n = 5), using the Affymetrix microarray platform. Analyses of expression data were carried out using non-parametric methods. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis showed a clear distinction in placental transcriptome between obese and normal weight women. We identified 72 differentially regulated genes, with most being down-regulated in obesity (n = 61). Functional analyses of the targets using DAVID and IPA confirm the dysregulation of previously identified processes and pathways in the placenta from obese women, including inflammation and immune responses, lipid metabolism, cancer pathways, and angiogenesis. In addition, we detected new molecular aspects of obesity-derived effects on the placenta, involving the glucocorticoid receptor signalling pathway and dysregulation of several genes including CCL2, FSTL3, IGFBP1, MMP12, PRG2, PRL, QSOX1, SERPINE2 and TAC3. Our global gene expression profiling approach demonstrates that maternal obesity creates a unique in utero environment that impairs the placental transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Altmäe
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS and Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: (SA); (CC)
| | - Maria Teresa Segura
- Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS and Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Sabine Bartel
- Division of Experimental Asthma Research, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Pilar Brandi
- Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS and Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Division of Experimental Asthma Research, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Großhadern, Germany
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Centre of Excellence for Paediatric Research EURISTIKOS and Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Institute of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail: (SA); (CC)
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Gázquez A, Hernández-Albaladejo I, Larqué E. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy as phospholipids did not improve the incorporation of this fatty acid into rat fetal brain compared with the triglyceride form. Nutr Res 2016; 37:78-86. [PMID: 28215317 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supply is important to ensure an adequate infant neurodevelopment. Several fat supplements with DHA under different chemical structures are available. There is an increased placental phospholipase activity at the end of pregnancy. The hypothesis of this study was to discern whether DHA consumption during pregnancy as phospholipids (PLs) could be more available for placental DHA uptake and fetal accretion than triglycerides (TGs) form. We aimed to evaluate maternofetal DHA status in pregnant rats fed with DHA as PL from egg yolk or TG from algae oil to determine which source might be most effective during pregnancy. Three experimental diets were tested: 2.5% DHA-TG (n = 10), 2.5% DHA-PL (n = 9), and 9% DHA-PL (n = 9). The total PL content of these diets was 2%, 12%, and 38%, respectively. We determined dietary fat absorption and quantified fatty acids by gas chromatography in maternal and fetal tissues. Dietary PL enhanced significantly dietary fat absorption. However, animals fed the highest PL-content diet (38% PL and 9% DHA-PL) stored most of the absorbed fat in maternal liver, promoting hepatic steatosis, which was not observed in the lower PL-content diets (12% and 2%). Despite higher fat absorption of PL-containing diets, maternal and fetal tissues (including fetal brain) did not show major differences in DHA content between the 2.5% DHA-PL and 2.5% DHA-TG-fed groups. We conclude that the chemical form of DHA consumed by the rat during gestation (PL or TG) does not differentially affect DHA accretion into fetal brain, and both lipid sources can be equally used for maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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44
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Gispert-Llaurado M, Perez-Garcia M, Escribano J, Closa-Monasterolo R, Luque V, Grote V, Weber M, Torres-Espínola F, Czech-Kowalska J, Verduci E, Martin F, Piqueras M, Koletzko B, Decsi T, Campoy C, Emmett P, Goyens P, Carlier C, Hoyos J, Poncelet P, Dain E, Martin F, Xhonneux A, Langhendries JP, Van Hees JN, Rousseaux D, Closa-Monasterolo R, Escribano J, Luque V, Mendez G, Ferre N, Zaragoza-Jordana M, Giovannini M, Riva E, Agostoni C, Scaglioni S, Verduci E, Vecchi F, Dionigi AR, Arrizza C, Mariani B, Socha J, Socha P, Stolarczyk A, Szott K, Dobrzańska A, Gruszfeld D, Kowalik A, Janas R, Pietraszek E, Perrin E, von Kries R, Groebe H, Reith A, Hofmann R, Koletzko B, Grote V, Weber M, Rzehak P, Schiess S, Beyer J, Fritsch M, Handel U, Pawellek I, Verwied-Jorky S, Hannibal I, Demmelmair H, Haile G, Kirchberg F, Akopjan L, Campoy (PI) C, Pérez M, Catena A, Torres-Espínola FJ, Cristina Martínez-Zaldívar M, Brandi P, Victoria Escolano-Margarit M, Koletzko B, Demmelmair H, Gudrun H, Krauss-Estchmann S, Décsi T, Csábi G, Györey E. Fish consumption in mid-childhood and its relationship to neuropsychological outcomes measured in 7–9 year old children using a NUTRIMENTHE neuropsychological battery. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1301-1307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pauter AM, Trattner S, Gonzalez-Bengtsson A, Talamonti E, Asadi A, Dethlefsen O, Jacobsson A. Both maternal and offspring Elovl2 genotypes determine systemic DHA levels in perinatal mice. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:111-123. [PMID: 27864326 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular details relevant to dietary supplementation of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA in mothers as well as in their offspring are not clear. The PUFA elongase, elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (ELOVL)2, is a critical enzyme in the formation of DHA in mammals. In order to address the question regarding the origin of DHA during perinatal life, we have used DHA-deficient Elovl2-ablated mice as a model system to analyze the maternal impact on the DHA level in their offspring of various genotypes. Elovl2-/- mothers maintained on control diet had significantly lower systemic levels of DHA compared with the Elovl2+/- and Elovl2+/+ mothers. Dietary DHA administration during the pregnancy and lactation periods led to increased DHA accretion in maternal tissues and serum of all genotypes. The proportion of DHA in the liver and serum of the Elovl2-/- offspring was significantly lower than in the Elovl2+/+ offspring. Remarkably, the DHA level in the Elovl2+/- offspring nursed by DHA-free-fed Elovl2-/- mothers was almost as high as in +/+ pups delivered by +/+ mothers, suggesting that endogenous synthesis in the offspring can compensate for maternal DHA deficiency. Maternal DHA supplementation had a strong impact on offspring hepatic gene expression, especially of the fatty acid transporter, Mfsd2a, suggesting a dynamic interplay between DHA synthesis and DHA uptake in the control of systemic levels in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Pauter
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691 Sweden
| | - Sofia Trattner
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, SE-75007 Sweden
| | - Amanda Gonzalez-Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691 Sweden
| | - Emanuela Talamonti
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691 Sweden
| | - Abolfazl Asadi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691 Sweden
| | - Olga Dethlefsen
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691 Sweden
| | - Anders Jacobsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691 Sweden
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46
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Fish-Oil Supplementation and Maternal Mental Health: A Triple-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.36237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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Simple dietary criteria to improve serum n-3 fatty acid levels of mothers and their infants. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:534-541. [PMID: 27692015 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001600238x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sufficient maternal dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids (FA) supports offspring development. We aimed to construct simple criteria for dietary counselling to improve intake of n-3 FA. DESIGN Serum phospholipid FA from mothers and infants were analysed by GC one month after delivery. Dietary intake of foods during pregnancy and one month after delivery were recorded using 3 d food diaries and an index for healthy eating was calculated. Fish consumption was established by questionnaires. Dietary consumption of foods resulting in an increase in serum n-3 FA was defined. SETTING A mother-child follow-up study in Southwest Finland. SUBJECTS Mothers (n 90) and 1-month-old infants (n 63). RESULTS After delivery, the mother's consumption of fish at least three times per week resulted in an increase in total serum n-3 FA (mean difference (95 % CI): 1·7 (0·7, 2·8) % of total FA, P<0·001) and DHA (1·1 (0·5, 1·8) % of total FA, P<0·001) compared with non-consumers. Persistent fish intake once weekly throughout pregnancy increased total serum n-3 FA (P=0·001) and DHA (P<0·001). Overall, a healthy diet (middle and highest tertiles of healthy eating index score v. the lowest tertile) resulted in higher total serum n-3 FA (P=0·004) and DHA (P=0·008). Mother's diet along with higher serum levels of n-3 FA were related to serum FA levels in 1-month-old infants. CONCLUSIONS An overall healthy diet and persistent consumption of fish at least once weekly throughout pregnancy or more frequent fish intake three times per week increases n-3 FA in serum phospholipids of both mothers and their infants.
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48
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Farshbaf-Khalili A, Mohamad-Alizadeh S, Darabi M, Hematzadeh S, Mehdizadeh A, Shaaker M, Ostadrahimi A. The effect of fish oil supplementation on serum phospholipid fatty acids profile during pregnancy: A double blind randomized controlled trial. Women Health 2016; 57:137-153. [PMID: 27011294 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1159269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are essential unsaturated long-chain FAs necessary for proper health and growth. The objective of the authors in this study was to evaluate the effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on maternal serum FA profiles. Participants (n = 150 pregnant women aged 18-35 years in Tabriz, Iran) were randomly assigned to receive either 1,000 mg fish oil supplements daily containing 120 mg docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or placebo from week 21 of pregnancy to delivery. The primary outcome measures were mean serum DHA and EPA proportion of total FAs at weeks 35-37 of pregnancy. Analyses were based on intention-to-treat. No significant differences were observed between the groups in consumption of fish and serum FAs levels at baseline. Fish oil supplementation significantly increased the mean DHA proportion of total FAs in the intervention compared to the placebo group at weeks 35-37 [adjusted Mean Difference (aMD) = 0.15; 95% CI 0.08-0.23]. The mean EPA proportion of total FAs also increased in the intervention group, but the difference between the groups was not significant (aMD = 0.04; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.08). The dietary recommendation for consumption of 1,000 mg/day fish oil supplements during pregnancy seems beneficial for better serum FA composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- a Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Sakineh Mohamad-Alizadeh
- b Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,c Research Center of Social Determinants of Health , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- d Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,e Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories , School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Shahla Hematzadeh
- f Department of Medical Science, Tabriz Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- g Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,h Stem Cell Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Maghsod Shaaker
- e Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories , School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- a Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,i Nutrition Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Simón MV, Agnolazza DL, German OL, Garelli A, Politi LE, Agbaga MP, Anderson RE, Rotstein NP. Synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from eicosapentaenoic acid in retina neurons protects photoreceptors from oxidative stress. J Neurochem 2016; 136:931-46. [PMID: 26662863 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in activating photoreceptor death in several retinal degenerations. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in the retina, protects cultured retina photoreceptors from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and promotes photoreceptor differentiation. Here, we investigated whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a metabolic precursor to DHA, had similar effects and whether retinal neurons could metabolize EPA to DHA. Adding EPA to rat retina neuronal cultures increased opsin expression and protected photoreceptors from apoptosis induced by the oxidants paraquat and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Palmitic, oleic, and arachidonic acids had no protective effect, showing the specificity for DHA. We found that EPA supplementation significantly increased DHA percentage in retinal neurons, but not EPA percentage. Photoreceptors and glial cells expressed Δ6 desaturase (FADS2), which introduces the last double bond in DHA biosynthetic pathway. Pre-treatment of neuronal cultures with CP-24879 hydrochloride, a Δ5/Δ6 desaturase inhibitor, prevented EPA-induced increase in DHA percentage and completely blocked EPA protection and its effect on photoreceptor differentiation. These results suggest that EPA promoted photoreceptor differentiation and rescued photoreceptors from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through its elongation and desaturation to DHA. Our data show, for the first time, that isolated retinal neurons can synthesize DHA in culture. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in retina photoreceptors, and its precursor, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have multiple beneficial effects. Here, we show that retina neurons in vitro express the desaturase FADS2 and can synthesize DHA from EPA. Moreover, addition of EPA to these cultures protects photoreceptors from oxidative stress and promotes their differentiation through its metabolization to DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Simón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Univ Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela L Agnolazza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Univ Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olga Lorena German
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Univ Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Garelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Univ Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis E Politi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Univ Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Cell Biology, Univ of Oklahoma Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Univ of Oklahoma Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Robert E Anderson
- Univ of Oklahoma Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Ophthalmology/Cell Biology, Univ of Oklahoma Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nora P Rotstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Univ Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Karthik P, Anandharamakrishnan C. Fabrication of a nutrient delivery system of docosahexaenoic acid nanoemulsions via high energy techniques. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12876e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high energy nanoemulsification technique has been developed to encapsulate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with the major objective of enhancing its chemical and kinetic stability for a substantial storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Karthik
- Food Engineering Department
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysore-570 020
- India
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - C. Anandharamakrishnan
- Food Engineering Department
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysore-570 020
- India
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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