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Maugana VF, Kruger R, Kruger HS, Hanssen H, Smith W. Food intake in South African children and retinal microvascular health: The ExAMIN Youth SA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:188-197. [PMID: 37798229 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening are associated with increased cardiovascular risk, even at young ages. Whether diet contributes to early microvascular changes in children is not widely explored. We explored the associations of frequency of healthy and unhealthy food group intake with retinal vessel calibers in black and white children. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included school-aged (5-9 years) black (N = 433, 7.46 ± 0.98 years), and white (N = 403, 7.43 ± 0.82 years) children. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken, along with retinal vessel calibers (central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular (CRVE) equivalents). Frequencies of food group intake were assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. A factor analysis was performed to describe food group patters. Independent associations between retinal vessel calibers and frequencies of food group intake and food group patters were explored. In black children, cookies, cakes, and biscuits were associated with narrower arterioles (p < 0.05). In white children, cold sweetened beverages were associated with narrower arterioles (p = 0.02), whereas salty snacks were associated with narrower arterioles (p = 0.01) and wider venules (p < 0.05). Fruits were positively associated with CRAE (p = 0.03) in white children only. CONCLUSION A higher frequency of unhealthy food group consumption was associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening in both black and white children. However, fruit intake was shown beneficial for retinal microvascular health in white children only. Our findings may highlight the importance of promoting healthy eating patterns from early childhood which may reduce the risk of premature cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuledzani F Maugana
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Herculina S Kruger
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wayne Smith
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Brazionis L, Quinn N, Dabbah S, Ryan CD, Møller DM, Richardson H, Keech AC, Januszewski AS, Grauslund J, Rasmussen ML, Peto T, Jenkins AJ. Review and comparison of retinal vessel calibre and geometry software and their application to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2117-2133. [PMID: 36801971 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Developments in retinal imaging technologies have enabled the quantitative evaluation of the retinal vasculature. Changes in retinal calibre and/or geometry have been reported in systemic vascular diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and more recently in neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. Several retinal vessel analysis softwares exist, some being disease-specific, others for a broader context. In the research setting, retinal vasculature analysis using semi-automated software has identified associations between retinal vessel calibre and geometry and the presence of or risk of DM and its chronic complications, and of CVD and dementia, including in the general population. In this article, we review and compare the most widely used semi-automated retinal vessel analysis softwares and their associations with ocular imaging findings in common systemic diseases, including DM and its chronic complications, CVD, and dementia. We also provide original data comparing retinal calibre grading in people with Type 1 DM using two softwares, with good concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laima Brazionis
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Quinn
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sami Dabbah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chris D Ryan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Dennis M Møller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hilary Richardson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malin Lundberg Rasmussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tunde Peto
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, 92 Parramatta Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zeng X, Li X, Zhang Z, Li H, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Hu A, Zhao Q, Tang M, Zhang X, Huang J, Yang W. A prospective study of carbohydrate intake and risk of all-cause and specific-cause mortality. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3149-3160. [PMID: 35394201 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations between carbohydrate intake and the risk of overall and specific-cause mortality in a prospective cohort study. METHODS Diet was measured using 24 h dietary recalls. Underlying cause of death was identified through linkage to the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.1 years among 35,692 participants who aged 20-85 years, a total of 3854 deaths [783 cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific and 884 cancer-specific death] were identified. Carbohydrate intake was not associated with risk of overall mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR comparing extreme quartiles 1.03, 95% CI 0.94, 1.13, ptrend = 0.799), while higher fiber intake was associated with lower mortality risk (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77, 0.95, ptrend = 0.004). Replacing 5% of energy from carbohydrate with both plant fat and plant protein was associated with 13% (95% CI 8%, 17%) and 13% (95% CI 3%, 22%) lower risk of total and CVD mortality, respectively. Whereas a positive or null association was found when replacing carbohydrate with both animal fat and animal protein. Higher carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio was associated with increased risk of overall (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09, 1.33, ptrend < 0.001) and cancer-specific (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.95, 1.44, ptrend = 0.031) mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that high fiber diet or diet with low carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio was associated with lower long-term death risk, and provided evidence for the health benefit from dietary substitution of both plant fat and plant protein for carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufen Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiude Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hairong Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Anla Hu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Edo A, Ibrahim DG, Hirooka K, Toda R, Kamaruddin MI, Kawano R, Nagao A, Ohno H, Yoneda M, Kiuchi Y. Dietary Vitamins A, C, and Potassium Intake Is Associated With Narrower Retinal Venular Caliber. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:818139. [PMID: 35223917 PMCID: PMC8866761 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.818139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The retinal vasculature, a surrogate for the systemic microvasculature, can be observed non-invasively, providing an opportunity to examine the effects of modifiable factors, such as nutrient intake, on microcirculation. We aimed to investigate the possible associations of dietary nutrient intake with the retinal vessel caliber. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 584 participants in a medical survey of Japanese descendants living in Los Angeles in 2015 underwent a dietary assessment, fundus photographic examination, and comprehensive physical and blood examinations. Retinal vessel caliber was measured using fundus photographs with a semi-automated computer system and summarized as central retinal artery and vein equivalents (CRAE and CRVE). The association between dietary nutrient intake and retinal vessel caliber was analyzed using a multivariate linear regression model adjusted for two models including potential confounders. The first model was adjusted for age and sex. The second model was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, history of coronary heart disease, and history of stroke. Results After adjustment of potential confounders, compared to the quartile with the lowest intake, the difference in CRVE for the highest quartile was −5.33 μm [95% confidence interval (CI): −9.91 to −0.76, P for trend = 0.02] for vitamin A, −4.93 μm (95% CI: −9.54 to −0.32, P for trend = 0.02) for vitamin C and −3.90 μm (95% CI: −8.48 to 0.69, P for trend = 0.04) for potassium. Conclusions A significant association was observed between higher vitamins A, C and potassium intakes and narrower retinal venular caliber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Edo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ayaka Edo
| | | | - Kazuyuki Hirooka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Toda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Reo Kawano
- Clinical Research Center in Hiroshima, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagao
- Division of Nutrition Management, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruya Ohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayasu Yoneda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Szulc U, Dąbrowska E, Pieczyński J, Białkowski P, Narkiewicz K, Schmieder RE, Harazny J. How to measure retinal microperfusion in patients with arterial hypertension. Blood Press 2020; 30:4-19. [PMID: 32969283 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1823816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessment and monitoring of changes in microcirculatory perfusion, perfusion dynamic, vessel structure and oxygenation is crucial in management of arterial hypertension. Constant search for non-invasive methods has led the clinical focus towards the vasculature of the retina, which offers a large opportunity to detect the early phase of the functional and structural changes in the arterial hypertension and can reflect changes in brain vasculature. We review all the available methods of retinal microcirculation measurements including angiography, oximetry, retinal vasculature assessment software, Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography, Adaptive Optics and Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry and their application in clinical research. MATERIALS AND METHODS To further analyse the applicability of described methods in hypertension research we performed a systematic search of the PubMed electronic database (April 2020). In our analysis, we included 111 articles in which at least one of described methods was used for assessment of microcirculation of the retina in hypertensive individuals. RESULTS Up to this point, the methods most commonly published in studies of retinal microcirculation in arterial hypertension were Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry followed shortly by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and retinal vasculature assessment software. CONCLUSIONS While none of described methods enables the simultaneous measurement of all microcirculatory parameters, certain techniques are widely used in arterial hypertension research, while others gain popularity in screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Szulc
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Dąbrowska
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,First Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Pieczyński
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Białkowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joanna Harazny
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.,Clinical Research Center, Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Maderuelo-Fernandez JA, Garcia-Garcia A, Chamoso P, Recio-Rodríguez JI, Rodríguez-González S, Patino-Alonso MC, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Corchado-Rodríguez JM, Gómez-Marcos MA, Garcia-Ortiz L. Automatic image analyser to assess retinal vessel calibre (ALTAIR). A new tool to evaluate the thickness, area and length of the vessels of the retina. Int J Med Inform 2020; 136:104090. [PMID: 32045743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The examination of the fundus allows to evaluate retinal the microcirculation in vivo. We assess the reliability and validity of ALTAIR software, and to evaluate its clinical relevance by the association of thickness, area and length of the retinal vessels with other measures of vascular structure and function, target organ damage and cardiovascular risk. METHODS Cross-sectional study involving a total of 250 subjects aged 62 ± 9 years, 51 % males. In a random subsample of 60 subjects (118 retinographies), we estimated the intraobserver, interobserver and interdevice intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the measurements of retinal vascular thickness, area and length in 3 concentric circles. Concurrent validity was assessed with all 250 subjects (495 retinographies), analysing the relationship to age, blood pressure, target organ damage, vascular structure and function, and cardiovascular risk. RESULTS Of the sample, 69 % were diagnosed with hypertension and 17 % with diabetes. Intraobserver ICC ranged from 0.640 for venous length to 0.906 for arterial area. Interobserver ICC ranged from 0.809 for arterial length to 0.916 for venous area, and interdevice ICC for arteriovenous ratio (AVR) was 0.887, thickness of arteries 0.590 and vein thickness 0.677. We found a moderate correlation between retinal vascular parameters and vascular structure and function, and target organ damage. In multiple linear regression analysis, the association with blood pressure, albumin/creatinine ratio, carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular risk is maintained. CONCLUSION The ALTAIR tool has been useful for analysing the thickness, area and length of retinal vessels, with adequate reliability and a concomitant association of retinal vessel measurements with other cardiovascular parameters and cardiovascular risk. Therefore, in addition to thickness, the area and length of retinal vessels could also play a role in the prediction of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Maderuelo-Fernandez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL). Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Angel Garcia-Garcia
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL). Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Pablo Chamoso
- BISITE Research Group, Computers and Automation Department, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Jose I Recio-Rodríguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL). Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain; Department of Nurse and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Sara Rodríguez-González
- BISITE Research Group, Computers and Automation Department, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Maria C Patino-Alonso
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL). Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain; Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL). Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Juan M Corchado-Rodríguez
- BISITE Research Group, Computers and Automation Department, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Manuel A Gómez-Marcos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL). Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Luis Garcia-Ortiz
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Health Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL). Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.
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7
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Kumari N, Cher J, Chua E, Hamzah H, Wong TY, Cheung CY. Association of serum lutein and zeaxanthin with quantitative measures of retinal vascular parameters. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203868. [PMID: 30260964 PMCID: PMC6160008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the association between serum carotenoids and quantitative measures of retinal vasculature in elderly Singapore Chinese subjects. The following details were collected in 128 healthy subjects: sociodemographics, lifestyle information, medical and drug history, and anthropometric measurements. Serum concentrations of carotenoids were estimated in fasting venous blood using high performance liquid chromatography. Retinal vascular parameters were quantitatively measured from retinal photographs using a computer-assisted program (Singapore I Vessel Assessment). The mean age of the population was 54.1 years (range 40 to 81 years). In multiple linear regression analysis, per SD decrease in retinal arteriolar caliber [β = 0.045 (0.003 to 0.086), p = 0.036], per SD increase in retinal venular caliber [β = -0.045 (-0.086 to -0.003), p = 0.036] and per SD increase in arteriolar branching angle [β = -0.039 (-0.072 to -0.006), p = 0.021] were associated with decreased serum lutein. Per SD increase in retinal venular tortuosity [β = -0.0075 (-0.0145 to -0.0004), p = 0.039] and per SD increase in arteriolar branching angle (β = -0.0073 [-0.0142 to -0.0059], p = 0.041) were associated with decreased serum zeaxanthin. None of the other carotenoids demonstrated meaningful relationship with quantitative measures of retinal vasculature. Lower levels of lutein and zeaxanthin demonstrated significant relationship with adverse quantitative measures of retinal vasculature in elderly healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Kumari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanna Cher
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Edwin Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Haslina Hamzah
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Carol Y. Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, The People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was primarily to evaluate the association of total fibre intake with the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also evaluated the association of dietary fibre from fruits, vegetables, cereals and legumes with the incidence of CKD in a population-based prospective study. We followed up 1630 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study for 6·1 years, who were initially free of CKD. Baseline diet was assessed by a valid and reliable FFQ. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated, using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation, and CKD was defined as eGFR <60 ml/min per 1·73 m2. OR using multivariable logistic regression was reported for the association of incident CKD with tertiles of dietary fibre intake. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, total energy intake, physical activity, diabetes and using angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, the OR for subjects in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of total fibre intake was 0·47 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·86). In addition, for every 5 g/d increase in total fibre intake, the risk of incident CKD decreased by 11 %. After adjusting for potential confounders, OR for participants in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of fibre from vegetables was 0·63 (95 % CI 0·43, 0·93) and from legumes it was 0·68 (95 % CI 0·47, 0·98). We observed inverse associations between total fibre intake and risk of incident CKD, which demonstrate that high fibre intake, mainly from legumes and vegetables, may reduce the occurrence of CKD.
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9
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Neville CE, Montgomery S, Silvestri G, McGowan A, Moore E, Silvestri V, Cardwell C, McEvoy CT, Maxwell AP, Woodside JV, McKay GJ. Dietary Patterns and Retinal Vessel Caliber in the Irish Nun Eye Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:751-758. [PMID: 30080215 PMCID: PMC6061240 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal vessel abnormalities are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Widening of retinal venules is associated with increased risk of stroke while narrowing of retinal arterioles independently predicts incident hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes. Dietary factors are known to play an important role in cardiovascular health. However, few studies have examined the association between dietary patterns (DPs) and retinal microvascular health. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between 'a posteriori'-derived DPs and retinal vascular caliber (RVC) in older women with a restricted lifestyle. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 1233 participants (mean age: 76.3 years) from the Irish Nun Eye Study (INES). Computer-assisted software was used to measure RVC from digital eye images using standardized protocols. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DP analysis was performed using principal component analysis from completed FFQs. Regression models were used to assess associations between DPs and retinal vessel diameters, adjusting for age, body mass index, refraction, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident and fellow eye RVC. RESULTS Two DPs were identified: a 'healthy' pattern with high factor loadings for fruit, vegetables, wholegrains and oily fish and an 'unhealthy' pattern with high factor loadings for sugar and sweets, chips, high fat dairy products and French fries. Adjusted linear regression analysis revealed that those who adhered most closely to the unhealthy DP had wider central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) (p=0.03) and narrower central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) (p=0.01) compared to the least unhealthy DP. No independent relationship was observed between the healthy DP and RVC. CONCLUSION In this cohort of older women with a restricted lifestyle, an unhealthy DP was independently associated with an unfavorable retinal profile, namely a widening of retinal venules and narrowing of retinal arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Neville
- Charlotte E. Neville, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom,
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Pal S, Ho S, Gahler RJ, Wood S. Effect on Insulin, Glucose and Lipids in Overweight/Obese Australian Adults of 12 Months Consumption of Two Different Fibre Supplements in a Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020091. [PMID: 28146065 PMCID: PMC5331522 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher fibre intakes are associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases. This study investigated the effects of supplementation with PolyGlycopleX® (PGX), a complexed polysaccharide, on insulin, glucose and lipids in overweight and obese individuals. In this double-blind 12 months study, participants were randomised into three groups: control (rice flour); PGX or psyllium (PSY). Participants followed their usual lifestyle and diet but consumed 5 g of their supplement before meals. Insulin was significantly lower in the PGX and PSY groups compared to control at 3 and 6 months and in the PSY group compared to control at 12 months. Serum glucose was significantly lower in the PGX group at 3 months compared to control. Total cholesterol was significantly lower in the PGX and PSY groups compared to control at 3 and 6 months. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly increased in the PGX group compared to control at 12 months. low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was significantly lower in the PGX group at 3 and 6 months compared to control and in the PSY group at 3 months compared to control. A simple strategy of fibre supplementation may offer an effective solution to glucose, insulin and lipid management without the need for other nutrient modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | - Suleen Ho
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | | | - Simon Wood
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Wu H, Wu H, Shi L, Yuan X, Yin Y, Yuan M, Zhou Y, Hu Q, Jiang K, Dong J. The Association of Haptoglobin Gene Variants and Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:2195059. [PMID: 28758129 PMCID: PMC5512055 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2195059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To collectively evaluate the association between haptoglobin (Hp) gene variants and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A comprehensive literature review was performed for eligible studies. After inclusion and exclusion selection as well as quality assessment, those studies meeting quality standards were included. In this study, diabetic patients with retinopathy were selected as the case group and those ones without DR were treated as the control group. The recessive model, allele model, additive model, heterozygote model, and homozygote model were utilized to investigate the association of three Hp gene variants and DR. Subgroup analysis on different severity of DR including nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was also conducted. RESULTS Six trials from different regions were finally included. A total of 1145 subjects containing 564 T2DM patients with retinopathy were included. The recessive model, allele model, additive model, and homozygote model results showed that Hp gene variants were not associated with DR, NPDR, and PDR. However, the heterozygote model indicated the association of Hp gene variants with DR. CONCLUSIONS No association was found between the Hp gene variants and PDR and NPDR. More studies are required to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqun Wu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xinlu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yushan Zhou
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qianwen Hu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- *Kui Jiang:
| | - Jiancheng Dong
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Pal S, Ho S, Gahler RJ, Wood S. Effect on body weight and composition in overweight/obese Australian adults over 12 months consumption of two different types of fibre supplementation in a randomized trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:82. [PMID: 27891167 PMCID: PMC5114742 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Higher fibre intakes are associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases. However, many people find difficulty in consuming sufficient fibre through their diet. Supplements may be an effective alternative. We aimed to investigate the effects of PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®), a proprietary polysaccharide complex and a proprietary Psyllium product (PgxSyl™) (PSY) on diet, body weight and composition in overweight and obese individuals. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a double-blind 52 weeks study with 159 people randomized to 3 groups: control (rice flour); PGX (PGX) and proprietary psyllium (PSY). Participants did not change any of their usual habits or diet except they consumed 5 g of supplement taken with a total of 500 ml of water 5-10 min before meals. RESULTS Weight was significantly lower in the PGX group compared to control at 3 (-1.6 kg [0.57, 2.67, p = 0.003]), 6 (-2.6 kg [1.01, 4.13, p = 0.001]) and 12 months (-2.6 kg [0.59, 4.64, p = 0.012]) and in the PSY group compared to control group at 3 (-1.1 kg [0.07, 2.12, p = 0.037]) and 6 months (-2.4 kg [0.95, 3.93, p = 0.002]). This was a difference of - 2.8% for the PGX group and - 1.5% for the PSY group compared to control after 12 months supplementation. Body Fat was significantly lower in PGX compared to control at 6 (-1.8 kg [0.63, 2.95, p = 0.003]) and 12 months (-1.9 kg [0.43, 3.36, p = 0.012]) and in PSY compared to control at 6 (-1.9 kg [0.84, 3.04, p = 0.001]) and 12 months (-1.4 kg [0.08, 2.71, p = 0.038]). CONCLUSIONS PGX was better than PSY at maintaining dietary changes and weight loss over the 12 month intervention period, with no change to exercise. A simple strategy of PGX supplementation may offer an effective solution to long-term weight-loss and then management without the need for other nutrient modification. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR: ACTRN12611000415909. Registered 20 April 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845 WA, Australia
| | - Suleen Ho
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845 WA, Australia
| | | | - Simon Wood
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845 WA, Australia
- Factors Group Research, Burnaby, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Yip W, Tham YC, Hsu W, Lee ML, Klein R, Klein B, Ikram MK, Wong TY, Cheung CYL. Comparison of Common Retinal Vessel Caliber Measurement Software and a Conversion Algorithm. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:11. [PMID: 27752402 PMCID: PMC5063055 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.5.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare three commonly used retinal vessel caliber measurement software systems, and propose an algorithm for conversion between measurement systems. METHODS We used 120 retinal photographs to evaluate the agreement between three commonly used software (Retinal Analysis [RA], Integrative Vessel Analysis [IVAN], and Singapore I Vessel Assessment [SIVA]). Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate agreement of retinal arteriolar (central retinal artery equivalent, CRAE) and venular (central retinal vein equivalent, CRVE) calibers. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the associations between systemic factors and retinal vessel calibers, and Z-test was used to compare the strength of the correlation coefficients across the three software systems. An algorithm was created to convert measurements, with paired t-test performed to evaluate the differences between SIVA-measured retinal calibers and SIVA-approximates converted from RA- and IVAN-measurements using the algorithm. RESULTS Differences between SIVA- and RA-measured calibers (CRAE: mean difference [MD] = -21.8 μm, 95% limits of agreement [LOA], -47.3 to 3.7 μm; CRVE: MD = -7.7 μm, 95% LOA, -28.0 to 12.6 μm), SIVA- and IVAN-measured calibers (CRAE: MD = -6.7 μm, 95% LOA, -23.8 to 10.4 μm; CRVE: MD = -18.2 μm 95% LOA, -36.7 to 0.4 μm) were large. However, the strength of correlations between systemic factors with SIVA-measured retinal calibers was not significantly different to that measured using RA and IVAN (P ≥ 0.332). SIVA-approximates converted from RA and IVAN measurements using the proposed algorithm was not significantly different from SIVA-measured calibers (P ≥ 0.20). CONCLUSION Absolute measurements of retinal vessel calibers vary between three common software systems but associations with systemic factors were similar. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE The proposed algorithm allowed conversions of RA and IVAN measurements to SIVA-approximates. This conversion is important for future data pooling and establishment of normative values for retinal vascular caliber measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- WanFen Yip
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore ; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore ; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wynne Hsu
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mong Li Lee
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ronald Klein
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara Klein
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mohammad Kamran Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore ; Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands ; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore ; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore ; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carol Yim-Lui Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore ; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Lee JH, Song SJ. Current Challenges in Diabetic Retinopathy: Are We Really Doing Better? Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:254-7. [PMID: 27302714 PMCID: PMC4923409 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of diabetic complications has been a worldwide major global health issue for decades. Recent studies from many parts of the world indicate improvement in this area. However, it is unknown if such an improvement is being realized in Koreans. Although there is limited information regarding diabetic retinopathy management among Koreans, recent epidemiologic studies have indicated improved screening rates and less frequent visual impairment among type 2 diabetics. Moreover, results achieved with new diagnostic and treatment modalities aimed to improve diabetic retinopathy management are encouraging for both physicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyuck Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jeong Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ogagarue ER, Lutsey PL, Klein R, Klein BE, Folsom AR. Association of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and retinal microvascular findings: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000430. [PMID: 24252843 PMCID: PMC3886782 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular (CV) health in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and determined its relationship with prevalent retinopathy, wider retinal venular diameters, and narrower arteriolar diameters, which are risk markers for subclinical cerebrovascular disease and are associated with increased stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality. Methods and Results We used gradings of fundus photography measurements from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study to examine the association of retinopathy and retinal arteriolar and venular calibers to the number of ideal CV health metrics. Prevalent retinopathy showed a graded relationship with the CV health categories and number of ideal CV health metrics present: retinopathy prevalence was 2.1% among those with ≥5 ideal CV health metrics compared with 13.1% among those with zero ideal CV health metrics (odds ratio [CI]), 4.8 [2.5 to 8.9]). Central retinal venule equivalent and central retinal arteriolar equivalent diameters also showed graded relationships with CV health categories and number of ideal CV health metrics: after adjustment for age, race, sex, and education, mean central retinal venular equivalent was 187.8 μm (95% CI, 186.9 to 188.6 μm) among those with ≥5 ideal CV health metrics compared with 201.1 μm (95% CI, 199.1 to 203.1 μm) among those with zero ideal CV health metrics. Mean central retinal arteriolar equivalent was 163.8 μm (95% CI, 163.0 to 164.5 μm) among those with ≥5 ideal CV health metrics compared with 157.9 μm (95% CI, 156.1 to 159.7 μm) among those with zero ideal CV health metrics. Conclusions Few adults had ideal cardiovascular health. Those with the best level of health were less likely to have retinopathy signs, wide retinal venules, and narrow retinal arterioles, which are associated with increased stroke and coronary heart disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejovwoke R Ogagarue
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Moise MM, Benjamin LM, Etienne M, Thierry G, Ndembe Dalida K, Doris TM, Samy WM. Intake of Gnetum africanum and Dacryodes edulis, imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant status and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in central Africans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49411. [PMID: 23226496 PMCID: PMC3513305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of DR and to correlate cardiometabolic, sociodemographic, and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance data to the prevalence of DR. DESIGN This case-control study included type 2 DM (T2 DM) patients with DR (n = 66), T2 DM patients without DR (N = 84), and healthy controls (n = 45) without DR, in Kinshasa town. Diet, albuminemia, serum vitamins, and 8-isoprostane were examined. RESULTS No intake of safou (OR = 2.7 95% CI 1.2-5.8; P = 0.014), low serum albumin <4.5 g/dL (OR-2.9 95% CI 1.4-5.9; P = 0.003), no intake of fumbwa (OR = 2.8 95% CI 1.2-6.5; P = 0.014), high 8-isoprostane (OR = 14.3 95% CI 4.5-46; P<0.0001), DM duration ≥ 5 years (OR = 3.8 95% CI 1.6-9.1; P = 0.003), and low serum vitamin C (OR = 4.5 95% CI 1.3-15.5; P = 0.016) were identified as the significant independent determinants of DR. CONCLUSION The important role of oxidant/antioxidant status imbalance and diet is demonstrated in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mvitu-Muaka Moise
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, The Republic of Congo
| | - Longo-Mbenza Benjamin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Mokondjimobe Etienne
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, The Republic of Congo
| | - Gombet Thierry
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, The Republic of Congo
| | | | - Tulomba Mona Doris
- Biostatistics Unit, Lomo Medical Center and Heart of Africa Center of Cardiology, Kinshasa, The Republic of Congo
| | - Wayiza Masamba Samy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
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Gopinath B, Harris DC, Flood VM, Burlutsky G, Brand-Miller J, Mitchell P. Carbohydrate nutrition is associated with the 5-year incidence of chronic kidney disease. J Nutr 2011; 141:433-9. [PMID: 21228263 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that dietary glycemic index (GI) and fiber could have a role in the development of chronic diseases; however, the link between carbohydrate nutrition and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. We aimed to determine whether cross-sectional and longitudinal associations exist between carbohydrate nutrition (mean dietary GI, dietary intakes of carbohydrate, sugar, starch, and fiber) and CKD. Data included 2600 Blue Mountains Eye Study (1997-1999) participants aged ≥50 y. Baseline biochemistry including serum creatinine was measured. Moderate CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2). Dietary data were collected in a semiquantitative FFQ. Cross-sectionally, participants in the 4th quartile of mean dietary GI intake compared with those in the first quartile (reference) had a 55% increased likelihood of having eGFR < 60 mL·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) [multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.55 (95% CI = 1.07-2.26); P-trend = 0.01]. After multivariable adjustment, participants in the 4th quartile of dietary cereal fiber intake compared with those in the first quartile (reference) had a 50% reduced risk of incident moderate CKD (P-trend = 0.03). Higher baseline consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor sources of carbohydrate (e.g. cookies) yielded a 3-fold higher risk of incident CKD (P-trend = 0.01). In summary, we observed a novel link between high cereal fiber intake and reduced incidence of moderate CKD and this was supported by the cross-sectional association with dietary GI. Conversely, our data suggest that higher intake of energy-dense, nutrient-poor sources of carbohydrate, potentially through acute hyperglycemia, could impair renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The effect of a fibre supplement compared to a healthy diet on body composition, lipids, glucose, insulin and other metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr 2010; 105:90-100. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510003132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Optimum levels and types of dietary fibre that provide the greatest beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese individuals have yet to be determined in clinical trials. The present parallel design study compared the effects of fibre intake from a healthy dietv. a fibre supplement (psyllium) or a healthy diet plus fibre supplement on fasting lipids, glucose, insulin and body composition. Overweight/obese adults were randomised to either control (with placebo), fibre supplement (FIB), healthy eating plus placebo (HLT) or healthy eating plus fibre supplement (HLT–FIB). There was a significant increase in fibre intake in HLT–FIB, HLT and FIB groups up to 59, 31 and 55 g, respectively, at 12 weeks when compared to control (20 g). Weight, BMI and % total body fat were significantly reduced in FIB and HLT–FIB groups, with weight and BMI significantly reduced in the HLT group compared with control at 12 weeks. HLT–FIB and HLT groups had significant reductions in TAG and insulin compared with control at 6 and 12 weeks, and in insulin compared with the FIB group at 12 weeks. The HLT–FIB, HLT and FIB groups all had significant reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol compared with control after 6 and 12 weeks. The present study demonstrated that simply adding psyllium fibre supplementation to a normal diet was sufficient to obtain beneficial effects in risk factors. However, a high-fibre diet consisting of a psyllium supplement plus fibre from a healthy diet provided the greatest improvements in metabolic syndrome risk factors.
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Bazzano LA. Effects of soluble dietary fiber on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2009; 10:473-7. [PMID: 18937894 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-008-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Strong epidemiologic and experimental data suggest that increasing dietary fiber may help to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and decrease the risk of coronary heart disease. Recent studies have highlighted the role of dietary fiber, particularly water-soluble varieties, in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Several types of soluble fiber, including psyllium, beta-glucan, pectin, and guar gum, have been shown to decrease LDL-C in well-controlled intervention studies, whereas the soluble fiber content of legumes and vegetables has also been shown to decrease LDL-C. Current investigations continue to explore this area in depth and examine potential synergies between dietary fiber and other phytochemicals that may lower cholesterol. These studies, along with recent analyses of ongoing prospective cohort studies, have provided new insights into the probable protective role of dietary fiber in the development of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, SL-18, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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