1
|
Shafqat A, Masters MC, Tripathi U, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Hashmi SK. Long COVID as a disease of accelerated biological aging: An opportunity to translate geroscience interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102400. [PMID: 38945306 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been four years since long COVID-the protracted consequences that survivors of COVID-19 face-was first described. Yet, this entity continues to devastate the quality of life of an increasing number of COVID-19 survivors without any approved therapy and a paucity of clinical trials addressing its biological root causes. Notably, many of the symptoms of long COVID are typically seen with advancing age. Leveraging this similarity, we posit that Geroscience-which aims to target the biological drivers of aging to prevent age-associated conditions as a group-could offer promising therapeutic avenues for long COVID. Bearing this in mind, this review presents a translational framework for studying long COVID as a state of effectively accelerated biological aging, identifying research gaps and offering recommendations for future preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mary Clare Masters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Research and Innovation Center, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Austin G, Ferguson JJA, Eslick S, Oldmeadow C, Wood LG, Garg ML. Bone mineral density and body composition in Australians following plant-based diets vs. regular meat diets. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1411003. [PMID: 38974811 PMCID: PMC11224549 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1411003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition play an important role in maintaining metabolic health and physical functioning. Plant-based diets (PBDs) are known to be lower in protein and calcium, which can impact BMD and body composition. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between various PBDs compared to regular meat diet and whole-body BMD, body composition, and weight status. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with adults (n = 240) aged 30-75 years, who habitually followed dietary patterns: vegan, lacto-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, or regular meat eater (48 per group). Parameters were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and multivariable regression analyses were used to adjust for lifestyle confounders, socioeconomic factors, and BMI. Results After adjustments, whole-body BMD and body composition were not significantly different between those following PBDs and regular meat diets, except for lacto-ovo vegetarians, who had significantly lower lean mass by -1.46 kg (CI: -2.78, -0.13). Moreover, lacto-ovo vegetarians had a significantly lower T-score by -0.41 SD (CI: -0.81, -0.01) compared to regular meat eaters. Waist circumference was significantly lower in individuals adhering to a PBD compared to a regular meat diet: vegans by -4.67 cm (CI: -8.10, -1.24), lacto-ovo vegetarians by -3.92 cm (CI: -6.60, -1.23), pesco-vegetarians by -3.24 cm (CI: -6.09, -0.39), and semi-vegetarians by -5.18 cm (CI: -7.79, -2.57). There were no significant differences in lean mass (%), fat mass (% and total), android/gynoid measures, body weight, or BMI across dietary patterns. All dietary patterns met the recommended dietary intake for calcium and protein, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D status was comparable across groups. Conclusions This cross-sectional study found that adhering to a PBD characterized by varying degrees of dairy and meat restriction is not associated with meaningful changes in BMD or body composition, provided that the dietary patterns are planned appropriately with adequate levels of calcium and protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Austin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica J. A. Ferguson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun Eslick
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Clinical Research Design, Information Technology, and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao Y, Xiao X, Zhang X, Yi D, Li T, Hao Q, Zhang F, Li X, Wang N. Mediterranean diet in the targeted prevention and personalized treatment of chronic diseases: evidence, potential mechanisms, and prospects. EPMA J 2024; 15:207-220. [PMID: 38841625 PMCID: PMC11147989 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic diseases is currently a major public health issue worldwide and is exploding with the population growth and aging. Dietary patterns are well known to play a important role in our overall health and well-being, and therefore, poor diet and malnutrition are among the most critical risk factors for chronic disease. Thus, dietary recommendation and nutritional supplementation have significant clinical implications for the targeted treatment of some of these diseases. Multiple dietary patterns have been proposed to prevent chronic disease incidence, like Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet (DRRD). Among them, the MedDiet, which is one of the most well-known and studied dietary patterns in the world, has been related to a wide extent of health benefits. Substantial evidence has supported an important reverse association between higher compliance to MedDiet and the risk of chronic disease. Innovative strategies within the healthcare framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) view personalized dietary customization as a predictive medical approach, cost-effective preventive measures, and the optimal dietary treatment tailored to the characteristics of patients with chronic diseases in primary and secondary care. Through a comprehensive collection and review of available evidence, this review summarizes health benefits of MedDiet in the context of PPPM/3PM for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and cancer, thereby a working hypothesis that MedDiet can personalize the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases was derived.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Xiao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Xiao
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Yi
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Hao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Global Health Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- Global Health Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsigalou C, Tsolou A, Stavropoulou E, Konstantinidis T, Zafiriou E, Dardiotis E, Tsirogianni A, Bogdanos D. Unraveling the intricate dance of the Mediterranean diet and gut microbiota in autoimmune resilience. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1383040. [PMID: 38818135 PMCID: PMC11137302 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1383040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutritional habits regulate the gut microbiota and increase risk of an autoimmune disease. Western diet is rich in sugars, meat, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which lead to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, disruption of gut epithelial barrier and chronic mucosal inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is abundant in ω3 fatty acids, fruits, and vegetables, possessing anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to the restoration of gut eubiosis. Numerous studies have extensively examined the impact of MedDiet and its components on both health and various disease states. Additionally, specific investigations have explored the correlation between MedDiet, microbiota, and the risk of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the MedDiet has been linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, playing a pivotal role in lowering mortality rates among individuals with autoimmune diseases and comorbidities. The aim of the present review is to specifically highlight current knowledge regarding possible interactions of MedDiet with the patterns of intestinal microbiota focusing on autoimmunity and a blueprint through dietary modulations for the prevention and management of disease's activity and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Avgi Tsolou
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Cell Cycle and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theocharis Konstantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthymios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsirogianni
- Department of Immunology-Histocompatibility, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng Y, Zhong Z, Huang C, Wang W. The effects of popular diets on bone health in the past decade: a narrative review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1287140. [PMID: 38665424 PMCID: PMC11044027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1287140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health encompasses not only bone mineral density but also bone architecture and mechanical properties that can impact bone strength. While specific dietary interventions have been proposed to treat various diseases such as obesity and diabetes, their effects on bone health remain unclear. The aim of this review is to examine literature published in the past decade, summarize the effects of currently popular diets on bone health, elucidate underlying mechanisms, and provide solutions to neutralize the side effects. The diets discussed in this review include a ketogenic diet (KD), a Mediterranean diet (MD), caloric restriction (CR), a high-protein diet (HP), and intermittent fasting (IF). Although detrimental effects on bone health have been noticed in the KD and CR diets, it is still controversial, while the MD and HP diets have shown protective effects, and the effects of IF diets are still uncertain. The mechanism of these effects and the attenuation methods have gained attention and have been discussed in recent years: the KD diet interrupts energy balance and calcium metabolism, which reduces bone quality. Ginsenoside-Rb2, metformin, and simvastatin have been shown to attenuate bone loss during KD. The CR diet influences energy imbalance, glucocorticoid levels, and adipose tissue, causing bone loss. Adequate vitamin D and calcium supplementation and exercise training can attenuate these effects. The olive oil in the MD may be an effective component that protects bone health. HP diets also have components that protect bone health, but their mechanism requires further investigation. In IF, animal studies have shown detrimental effects on bone health, while human studies have not. Therefore, the effects of diets on bone health vary accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- China Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zikang Zhong
- China Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nakazeko T, Shobako N, Shioya N, Iwama Y, Hirano Y, Fujii S, Nakamura F, Honda K. Frailty-Preventing Effect of an Intervention Program Using a Novel Complete Nutritional "COMB-FP Meal": A Pilot Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4317. [PMID: 37892393 PMCID: PMC10609752 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a huge concern for the aging population, and dietary nutrition is considered a key factor in the prevention of aging. To solve the problem of frailty in the aging population, we developed a novel dietary intervention program using a novel COMpletely Balanced for Frailty Prevention (COMB-FP) meal, based on the Dietary Reference Intake for Japanese; in addition, we conducted a pilot randomized control trial comparing an exercise program only (control group) with exercise plus the COMB-FP meal program (test group). We included 110 male and female healthy volunteers with pre-frailty or frailty; the trial lasted for 12 weeks. Two daily meals were replaced with the COMB-FP meals during the trial in the test group. Walking speed and cognitive function were significantly improved in the test group compared with the control group. We observed a similar pattern in other frailty-related outcomes, such as occupancy of the microbiome, World Health Organization well-being index (WHO-5), and oxidative stress. Our study might indicate the importance of a well-balanced intake of nutrients for frailty prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Nakazeko
- Future Food Research & Development Division, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0001, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Naohisa Shobako
- Future Food Research & Development Division, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0001, Japan (Y.H.)
| | | | | | - Yukio Hirano
- Future Food Research & Development Division, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0001, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Future Food Research & Development Division, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0001, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Futoshi Nakamura
- Future Food Research & Development Division, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0001, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Keiko Honda
- Laboratory of Medicine Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama 350-0214, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen H, Avgerinou C. Association of Alternative Dietary Patterns with Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk in Older People: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4255. [PMID: 37836538 PMCID: PMC10574803 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a lower risk of hip fracture, the effect of other dietary patterns on bone density and risk of fracture is unknown. This scoping review aims to investigate the association between adherence to alternative dietary patterns (other than the traditional Mediterranean diet) and osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture risk in older people. METHODS A systematic search was carried out on three electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus) to identify original papers studying the association between alternative dietary patterns (e.g., Baltic Sea Diet (BSD), modified/alternative Mediterranean diet in non-Mediterranean populations, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)) assessed using 'prior' methods (validated scores) and the risk of osteoporotic fracture or Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in people aged ≥50 (or reported average age of participants ≥ 60). Results from the included studies were presented in a narrative way. RESULTS Six observational (four prospective cohort and two cross-sectional) studies were included. There was no significant association between BMD and BSD or DASH scores. Higher adherence to DASH was associated with a lower risk of lumbar spine osteoporosis in women in one study, although it was not associated with the risk of hip fracture in another study with men and women. Higher adherence to aMED (alternative Mediterranean diet) was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture in one study, whereas higher adherence to mMED (modified Mediterranean diet) was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture in one study and had no significant result in another study. However, diet scores were heterogeneous across cohort studies. CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence that a modified and alternative Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of hip fracture, and DASH may improve lumbar spine BMD. Larger cohort studies are needed to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Chen
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Christina Avgerinou
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Andreo-López MC, Contreras-Bolívar V, García-Fontana B, García-Fontana C, Muñoz-Torres M. The Influence of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3224. [PMID: 37513646 PMCID: PMC10385532 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is rich in nutrients and contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on muscle and bone deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia are diseases that increase frailty and susceptibility to fracture, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to combat them in the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven to be beneficial to bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, physical function, OP and sarcopenia. Hence, this diet is proposed as a therapeutic tool that could slow the onset of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, there is doubt about the interaction between the MedDiet, strength and fracture risk. Perhaps the amount of EVOO (extra virgin olive oil), fruits, vegetables and fish rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients ingested has an influence, though the results remain controversial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Contreras-Bolívar
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang R, Huang Q, Su G, Wei M, Cui Y, Zhou H, Song W, Di D, Liu J, Wang Q. Association between multiple vitamins and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional and population-based study in the NHANES from 2005 to 2006. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:113. [PMID: 36765290 PMCID: PMC9912521 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) alterations in response to multivitamin exposure were rarely studied. Our study assessed the association of coexposure to six types of vitamins (i.e., vitamins B12, B9, C, D, A and E) with BMD measurements in adults in the US. METHODS Data were collected from participants aged ≥ 20 years (n = 2757) in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2005 to 2006. Multiple linear regression, restricted cubic splines, principal component analysis (PCA) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS The circulating levels of vitamins B12 and C were positively associated with BMDs, and an inverted L-shaped exposure relationship was observed between serum vitamin C and BMDs. PCA identified two principal components: one for 'water-soluble vitamins', including vitamins B12, B9 and C, and one for 'fat-soluble vitamins', including vitamins A, D and E. The former was positively associated with total femur (β = 0.009, 95%CI: 0.004, 0.015) and femoral neck (β = 0.007, 95%CI: 0.002, 0.013) BMDs, and the latter was negatively associated with BMDs with non-statistical significance. The WQS index constructed for the six vitamins was significantly related to total femur (β = 0.010, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.018) and femoral neck (β = 0.008, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.015) BMDs, and vitamins B12 and C weighted the most. The WQS index was inversely related to BMDs with non-statistical significance, and vitamins E and A weighted the most. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested a positive association between water-soluble vitamin coexposure and BMD, and the association was mainly driven by vitamins B12 and C. Negative association between fat-soluble vitamin coexposure and BMD was indicated, mainly driven by vitamins E and A. An inverted L-shaped exposure relationship was found between vitamin C and BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qin Huang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Guanhua Su
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Muhong Wei
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yuan Cui
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Wenjing Song
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Junan Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Noori M, Jayedi A, Khan TA, Moradi S, Shab-Bidar S. Mediterranean dietary pattern and bone mineral density: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1657-1664. [PMID: 35173291 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to systematically review the literature and test the dose-response relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and values of bone mineral density (BMD) in adults. METHODS Relevant observational studies were selected through searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to March 4, 2021. A random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was performed to estimate the change in total and regional-specific BMD for a 2-point increment in the score of adherence to the MedDiet, and to clarify the shape of these associations. RESULTS Seven cross-sectional and one cohort studies with a total number of 13,209 participants were included in the final analyses. Each 2-point increment in the score of adherence to the MedDiet was associated with 0.009 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.016; I2 = 34%, n = 7), 0.006 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.012; I2 = 34%, n = 7), 0.005 (95% CI: 0.003, 0.007; I2 = 1%, n = 4), 0.005 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.008; I2 = 0%, n = 3), and 0.007 (95% CI: 0.005, 0.009; I2 = 0%, n = 4) gr/cm2 higher BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, hip, trochanter, and whole body, respectively. There was a positive linear relationship between the MedDiet adherence score and BMD of hip and trochanter. A nonlinear relationship was seen for lumbar spine, femoral neck, and whole body, with sharper increase in the BMD at lower MedDiet scores. The associations remained significant after controlling for important confounders including body weight, physical activity, smoking status, and energy intake. CONCLUSION Greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a small but important increase in BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, hip, trochanter, and whole body. Adopting a Mediterranean-style eating pattern may have modest beneficial effects on bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Noori
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tauseef Ahmad Khan
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo S, Dai X, Chen X, Zhao G, Xue Y, Zhang C, Liu J, Ouyang X, Li Z, Shi Y, Yao Q, Han L, Li B, Zhao B. Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on bone loss for patients with foot and ankle fracture: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8191-8203. [PMID: 36505292 PMCID: PMC9730072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim for this trial was to preliminarily evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) for bone loss in patients with immobilization after surgical fixation of ankle and foot fractures. METHODS A total of 80 patients with immobilization after surgical fixation of ankle and foot fractures were randomly divided into an intervention group (n=40) or control group (n=40). The intervention group was given TEAS treatment combined with routine orthopedic treatment, and the control group was given only routine orthopedic treatment. The CT attenuation values, bone turnover markers (ALP, PINP, BGP, CTX, Ca/Cr), bone mineral density (BMD), blood phosphorus, and blood calcium were observed and compared between the two groups at 8 weeks. This was a prospective study. The protocol was registered in the Chinese clinical trial registry (No. ChiCTR2000039944). RESULTS The CT attenuation values of the intervention group decreased more than those of the control group (P<0.05), however the between group differences in ALP, BGP, Ca/Cr, CTX and BMD (all P>0.05) were not statistically significant. Three mild adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSION TEAS treatment may confer additional benefits for bone loss in patients with immobilization after surgical fixation of ankle and foot fractures. Since this was a pilot study, the efficacy of TEAS requires further evaluation through full-scale randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Guo
- Department of School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dai
- China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing 100094, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, China
| | - Guozhen Zhao
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Department of School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700, China
| | - Xiali Ouyang
- Department of School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700, China
| | - Zhili Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing 100094, China
| | - Yuqing Shi
- Department of School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700, China
| | - Bo Li
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069, China
| | - Baixiao Zhao
- Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dietary Acid Load Was Positively Associated with the Risk of Hip Fracture in Elderly Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183748. [PMID: 36145124 PMCID: PMC9503794 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that dietary acid load (DAL) harms bone health, but the evidence is inconsistent and insufficient. This study examined the relationships between DAL and the risk of hip fracture. This case−control study contained 1070 pairs of 1:1 age-, city-, and gender-matched incident cases and controls (mean age, 71 years) recruited in Guangdong, China. Dietary information was collected using a validated 79-item food frequency questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. DAL was estimated based on established algorithms for the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP). Higher PRAL and NEAP were dose-dependently associated with a higher risk of hip fracture in both the conditional logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis after adjusting for potential covariates. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI of hip fracture for tertiles 2 and 3 (vs. 1) of DAL were 1.63 (1.18, 2.25) and 1.92 (1.36, 2.71) for PRAL and 1.81 (1.30, 2.53) and 2.55 (1.76, 3.71) for NEAP in all participants (all p-trends < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed more pronounced associations in participants with a lower body mass index. Our findings suggested positive associations between the estimated DAL and the risk of hip fractures in the elderly Chinese population.
Collapse
|
13
|
TORPİL H, TOKATLI DEMİROK N. Öğrencilerin Antropometrik Ölçümleri ile Akdeniz Diyeti ve Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.1089005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In the study, the aim was to assess the possible correlation between the Mediterranean diet quality index with anthropometric measurements by identifying the ability of students attending Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Department of Nutrition and Dietetics to apply academic knowledge related to healthy lifestyles to their own lives and their healthy eating obsessions.Method: The sample for the study comprised a total of 174 students who volunteered to participate, aged between 18-24 years abiding by the study participation criteria, including 54 in the fourth year, 65 in the third year, and 59 in the second year of university. The survey form was applied to students participating in the research with the face-to-face interview method. Additionally, the anthropometric measurements and body composition of students completing the survey form were determined.Results: As a result of these assessments, students had a mean Mediterranean Diet Quality Index of 5.3±2.95 and mean ORTO-11 scale point of 24.75±6.48. The mean body weight of students was 59.7±11.1 kg and mean BMI was 21.72±3.1. In our study, it was determined that as the level of class increased, compliance with the Mediterranean diet increased. It was found that as the Mediterranean diet quality index scores of the students increased, BMI values and the ORTO-11 scale scores decreased (p<0.05).Conclusion: It has been determined that compliance with the Mediterranean diet positively affects the body weight, BMI and body composition of individuals. Moreover, there was a determined positive correlation between the orthorexic behaviors and compliance with the Mediterranean diet.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fehsel K, Christl J. Comorbidity of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease: Is `AKT `-ing on cellular glucose uptake the missing link? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101592. [PMID: 35192961 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both degenerative diseases. Osteoporosis often proceeds cognitive deficits, and multiple studies have revealed common triggers that lead to energy deficits in brain and bone. Risk factors for osteoporosis and AD, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, aging, chemotherapy, vitamin deficiency, alcohol abuse, and apolipoprotein Eε4 and/or Il-6 gene variants, reduce cellular glucose uptake, and protective factors, such as estrogen, insulin, exercise, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, hydrogen sulfide, and most phytochemicals, increase uptake. Glucose uptake is a fine-tuned process that depends on an abundance of glucose transporters (Gluts) on the cell surface. Gluts are stored in vesicles under the plasma membrane, and protective factors cause these vesicles to fuse with the membrane, resulting in presentation of Gluts on the cell surface. This translocation depends mainly on AKT kinase signaling and can be affected by a range of factors. Reduced AKT kinase signaling results in intracellular glucose deprivation, which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron depletion, leading to activation of HIF-1α, the transcription factor necessary for higher Glut expression. The link between diseases and aging is a topic of growing interest. Here, we show that diseases that affect the same biochemical pathways tend to co-occur, which may explain why osteoporosis and/or diabetes are often associated with AD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Christodoulou M, Aspray TJ, Piec I, Washbourne C, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Schoenmakers I, Francis RM, McColl E, Chadwick T, Prentice A, Schoenmakers I. Vitamin D Supplementation for 12 Months in Older Adults Alters Regulators of Bone Metabolism but Does Not Change Wnt Signaling Pathway Markers. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10619. [PMID: 35509637 PMCID: PMC9059470 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D status and supplementation regulates bone metabolism and may modulate Wnt signaling. We studied the response of hormonal regulators of bone metabolism, markers of Wnt signaling and bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in a randomized vitamin D intervention trial (12,000 IU, 24,000 IU, 48,000 IU/mo for 1 year; men and women aged >70 years; n = 379; ISRCTN35648481). Associations with total and free 25(OH)D concentrations were analyzed by linear regression. Baseline vitamin D status was (mean ± SD) 25(OH)D: 40.0 ± 20.1 nmol/L. Supplementation dose-dependently increased total and free 25(OH)D concentrations and decreased plasma phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (all p < 0.05). The procollagen 1 intact N-terminal (PINP)/C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) ratio, C-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23 (cFGF23), and intact FGF23 (iFGF23) significantly increased with no between-group differences, whereas Klotho was unchanged. 1,25(OH)2D and PINP significantly increased in the 24 IU and 48,000 IU groups. Sclerostin (SOST), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), BMD, BMC, and CTX remained unchanged. Subgroup analyses with baseline 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L (n = 94) provided similar results. Baseline total and free 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D (p < 0.001), vitamin D binding protein (DBP) (p < 0.05), BMD, and BMC (p < 0.05). Associations with PTH (p <0.001), cFGF23 (p < 0.01), and BAP (p < 0.05) were negative. After supplementation, total and free 25(OH)D concentrations remained positively associated only with 24,25(OH)2D (p < 0.001) and DBP (p < 0.001) and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p < 0.01). PTH and SOST were significantly associated only with free 25(OH)D. There were no significant relationships with BMD and BMC after supplementation. The decrease in PTH and increase in PINP/CTX ratio suggest a protective effect of supplementation on bone metabolism, although no significant effect on BMD or pronounced changes in regulators of Wnt signaling were found. The increase in FGF23 warrants caution because of its negative association with skeletal and cardiovascular health. Associations of total and free 25(OH)D with biomarkers were similar and known positive associations between vitamin D status and BMD were confirmed. The change in associations after supplementation might suggest a threshold effect. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence J Aspray
- Freeman Hospital, Bone ClinicUniversity of Newcastle upon TyneNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ganmaa D, Enkhmaa D, Nasantogtokh E, Sukhbaatar S, Tumur-Ochir KE, Manson JE. Vitamin D, respiratory infections, and chronic disease: Review of meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials. J Intern Med 2022; 291:141-164. [PMID: 34537990 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have suggested associations of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with respiratory tract infections, impaired bone health, and myriad chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE To assess potential causal relationships between vitamin D supplementation and a reduced risk of these conditions, a review of the evidence across available meta-analyses of randomized control trials (RCTs) and RCTs was performed. METHOD PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to March 2021. We included only RCTs and meta-analyses of RCTs focusing on the association between vitamin D and respiratory disease, bone health, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, and cancer. RESULTS A total of 107 RCTs and 62 meta-analysis of RCTs were included. Although most RCTs did not support benefits of vitamin D supplementation, suggestive evidence for benefit was found in populations at greater risk of VDD and for acute respiratory infections, fractures in institutionalized older adults, type 2 diabetes among patients with prediabetes, and cancer mortality. In contrast, no compelling evidence for benefit was found for other respiratory conditions, fractures in community-dwelling adults, falls, cancer incidence, or CVD. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence from RCTs and meta-analyses of RCTs is inconsistent regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on respiratory infections and chronic diseases. Individuals most likely to benefit are those with baseline VDD or with selected high-risk conditions. Public health initiatives are needed to eliminate VDD globally, and future research will be enhanced by a 'precision prevention' approach to identify those most likely to benefit from vitamin D supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davaasambuu Ganmaa
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - J E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Adherence to Mediterranean diet and its associations with circulating cytokines, musculoskeletal health and incident falls in community-dwelling older men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5753-5763. [PMID: 34763260 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mediterranean dietary patterns may exert favourable effects on various health conditions. This study aimed to determine associations of adherence to Mediterranean diet as well as its components, with circulating cytokine levels, musculoskeletal health and incident falls in community-dwelling older men. METHODS Seven hundred ninety-four (794) community-dwelling men with mean age 81.1 ± 4.5 years, who participated in the five-year follow-up of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) were included in the cross-sectional analysis, and 616 attended follow-up three years later. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using MEDI-LITE (literature-derived Mediterranean diet) score which was obtained using a validated diet history questionnaire. Twenty-four evaluable circulating cytokines were analyzed using Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay kit. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Three-year changes in gait speed and hand grip strength were assessed by walking a 6-m course and using a dynamometer respectively and analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Incident falls over three years were determined through telephone interviews every four months. Multivariable linear regression was utilized to determine the cross-sectional associations between MEDI-LITE scores and circulating cytokines, bone mineral density, ALM, and ALMBMI. Linear mixed-effects models were performed to estimate associations between MEDI-LITE scores and three-year change in hand grip strength and gait speed while negative binomial regression was applied to estimate associations between MEDI-LITE scores and three-year incident falls as well as associations between each MEDI-LITE component and three-year incident falls. Adjustments for multiple comparisons were performed using Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment for multiple testing. RESULTS A higher MEDI-LITE score, indicating greater adherence to Mediterranean diet, was associated with higher appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (ALMBMI) (β: 0.004 kg; 95% CI: 0.000, 0.008), and lower incident falls rates (IRR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99). Higher consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (IRR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.98) and monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio (IRR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.90) were associated with 24%, and 28% lower falls risk in older men respectively. MEDI-LITE scores were not associated with BMD or physical function parameters. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with higher ALMBMI, and fewer falls in community-dwelling older men. Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were the most important contributors to the association between Mediterranean diet and falls risk.
Collapse
|
18
|
Santoro A, Bientinesi E, Monti D. Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101422. [PMID: 34391943 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects both natural and acquired immunity and plays a critical role in most chronic diseases in older people. For a long time, immunosenescence has been considered detrimental because it may lead to a low-grade, sterile chronic inflammation we proposed to call "inflammaging" and a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger effective antibody and cellular responses against infections and vaccinations. Recently, many scientists revised this negative meaning because it can be considered an essential adaptation/remodeling resulting from the lifelong immunological biography of single individuals from an evolutionary perspective. Inflammaging can be considered an adaptive process because it can trigger an anti-inflammatory response to counteract the age-related pro-inflammatory environment. Centenarians represent a valuable model to study the beneficial changes occurring in the IS with age. These extraordinary individuals reached the extreme limits of human life by slowing down the aging process and, in most cases, delaying, avoiding or surviving the major age-associated diseases. They indeed show a complex and heterogeneous phenotype determined by an improved ability to adapt and remodel in response to harmful stimuli. This review aims to point out the intimate relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging and how these processes impact unsuccessful aging rather than longevity. We also describe the gut microbiota age-related changes as one of the significant triggers of inflammaging and the sex/gender differences in the immune system of the elderly, contributing to the sex/gender disparity in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms and severity of age-related diseases. Finally, we discuss how these phenomena could influence the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhong X, Zhang F, Yin X, Cao H, Wang X, Liu D, Chen J, Chen X. Bone Homeostasis and Gut Microbial-Dependent Signaling Pathways. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:765-774. [PMID: 34176870 PMCID: PMC9705830 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2104.04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although research on the osteal signaling pathway has progressed, understanding of gut microbial-dependent signaling pathways for metabolic and immune bone homeostasis remains elusive. In recent years, the study of gut microbiota has shed light on our understanding of bone homeostasis. Here, we review microbiota-mediated gut-bone crosstalk via bone morphogenetic protein/SMADs, Wnt and OPG/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand signaling pathways in direct (translocation) and indirect (metabolite) manners. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota involvement in these signaling pathways are relevant in immune responses, secretion of hormones, fate of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and absorption of calcium. Collectively, we propose a signaling network for maintaining a dynamic homeostasis between the skeletal system and the gut ecosystem. Additionally, the role of gut microbial improvement by dietary intervention in osteal signaling pathways has also been elucidated. This review provides unique resources from the gut microbial perspective for the discovery of new strategies for further improving treatment of bone diseases by increasing the abundance of targeted gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, P.R. China,Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, P.R. China
| | - Xinyao Yin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cao
- Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, P.R. China,Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, P.R. China,Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, P.R.China
| | - Dongsong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, P.R.China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214125, P.R.China
| | - Xue Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-15861589177 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Silva TR, Oppermann K, Reis FM, Spritzer PM. Nutrition in Menopausal Women: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072149. [PMID: 34201460 PMCID: PMC8308420 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various aspects of health promotion and lifestyle adaptation to the postmenopausal period, nutritional habits are essential because they concern all women, can be modified, and impact both longevity and quality of life. In this narrative review, we discuss the current evidence on the association between dietary patterns and clinical endpoints in postmenopausal women, such as body composition, bone mass, and risk markers for cardiovascular disease. Current evidence suggests that low-fat, plant-based diets are associated with beneficial effects on body composition, but further studies are needed to confirm these results in postmenopausal women. The Mediterranean diet pattern along with other healthy habits may help the primary prevention of bone, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases in the postmenopausal period. It consists on the use of healthy foods that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and is associated with a small but significant decrease in blood pressure, reduction of fat mass, and improvement in cholesterol levels. These effects remain to be evaluated over a longer period of time, with the assessment of hard outcomes such as bone fractures, diabetes, and coronary ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais R. Silva
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Karen Oppermann
- Medical School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil;
| | - Fernando M. Reis
- Division of Human Reproduction, Hospital das Clínicas, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.M.R.); (P.M.S.); Tel.: +55-51-3359-8027 (P.M.S.)
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.M.R.); (P.M.S.); Tel.: +55-51-3359-8027 (P.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dalamaga M, Muscogiuri G, Paganitsa G, Parvouleskou G, Syriou V, Karagkoynis P, Stratigou T, Vallianou N, Christodoulatos GS, Karampela I, Daskalopoulou K. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is an independent predictor of circulating vitamin D levels in normal weight and non-smoker adults: an observational cross-sectional study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:848-860. [PMID: 33509003 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1878488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We explored the association between circulating 25OHD and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) in 402 Greek (21-65 years, 188 men and 214 women), normal weight, non-smoker, healthy volunteers in the Athens metropolitan area during summer and autumn, taking into account skin phototype, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables. Circulating 25OHD, parathormone, creatinine, calcium, and phosphate were determined. A vitamin D status of ≤25, ≤50, and ≤75 nmol/L was observed in 4.5, 37.3, and 74.1% of the subjects, respectively. The independent predictors of 25OHD deficiency were autumn, darker skin phototype, BMI, or waist circumference (WC), sunscreen use, less physical outdoor activity, and less adherence to the MedDiet. Higher intake of fish and olive oil was a positive independent predictor of elevated circulating 25OHD levels. In conclusion, higher adherence to the MedDiet, fish and olive oil consumption, were positively associated with circulating 25OHD independently from BMI or WC, skin phototype, season, and physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Georgia Paganitsa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 'ELPIS' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgeta Parvouleskou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 'ELPIS' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Syriou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 'ELPIS' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Vallianou
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Irene Karampela
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Caprara G. Mediterranean-Type Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity: The Winning Combination to Counteract the Rising Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Nutrients 2021; 13:429. [PMID: 33525638 PMCID: PMC7910909 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and type 2 diabetes) are the main causes of death worldwide. Their burden is expected to rise in the future, especially in less developed economies and among the poor spread across middle- and high-income countries. Indeed, the treatment and prevention of these pathologies constitute a crucial challenge for public health. The major non-communicable diseases share four modifiable behavioral risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco usage and excess of alcohol consumption. Therefore, the adoption of healthy lifestyles, which include not excessive alcohol intake, no smoking, a healthy diet and regular physical activity, represents a crucial and economical strategy to counteract the global NCDs burden. This review summarizes the latest evidence demonstrating that Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and physical activity are, alone and in combination, key interventions to both prevent and control the rise of NCDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Caprara
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhai T, Chen Q, Xu J, Jia X, Xia P. Prevalence and Trends in Low Bone Density, Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in U.S. Adults With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, 2005-2014. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:825448. [PMID: 35126317 PMCID: PMC8807487 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.825448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is suggested to be associated with bone mineral density (BMD) alterations; however, this has not been ascertained. The current study aimed to investigate the changes in BMD and the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis in US adults with or without NAFLD and to evaluate their association. METHODS The study was conducted based on data collected from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period 2005-2014. A total of 13 837 and 6 177 participants aged > 20 years were eligible for conducting the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and the US Fatty Liver Index (USFLI) analysis, respectively. RESULTS From 2005-2014, a downward trend in femoral neck BMD was observed in subjects with NAFLD aged ≥ 40. After adjustment for potential confounders, an upward shift occurred in the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis at the femoral neck in adults aged ≥ 40, particularly in women ≥ 60 years old and men below the age of 60. Moreover, a negative association was found between BMD and NAFLD markers (USFLI, HSI), whereas NAFLD with advanced fibrosis was positively associated with the prevalence of spine fractures. CONCLUSIONS There was a trend toward lower BMD and higher prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis at the femoral neck in US adults with NAFLD aged ≥ 40 years during the period of 2005-2014. NAFLD with advanced fibrosis was positively associated with a higher risk of spine fracture. More research is required to fully investigate the mechanism and consequence of poor bone health in NAFLD patients and consider optimum management of osteopenia/osteoporosis for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Pu Xia,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Beneficial Health Effects of Vegetables and Wild Edible Greens: The Case of the Mediterranean Diet and Its Sustainability. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) concept as currently known describes the dietary patterns that were followed in specific regions of the area in the 1950s and 1960s. The broad recognition of its positive effects on the longevity of Mediterranean populations also led to the adoption of this diet in other regions of the world, and scientific interest focused on revealing its health effects. MD is not only linked with eating specific nutritional food products but also with social, religious, environmental, and cultural aspects, thus representing a healthy lifestyle in general. However, modern lifestyles adhere to less healthy diets, alienating people from their heritage. Therefore, considering the increasing evidence of the beneficial health effects of adherence to the MD and the ongoing transitions in consumers’ behavior, the present review focuses on updating the scientific knowledge regarding this diet and its relevance to agrobiodiversity. In addition, it also considers a sustainable approach for new marketing opportunities and consumer trends of the MD.
Collapse
|
25
|
Pellanda P, Ghosh TS, O'Toole PW. Understanding the impact of age-related changes in the gut microbiome on chronic diseases and the prospect of elderly-specific dietary interventions. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 70:48-55. [PMID: 33279732 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with characteristic changes including a gradual decline of physiological functions, inflamm-aging, sarcopenia, and the associated onset of multiple diseases. Another factor potentially contributing to enhanced susceptibility to multiple diseases is aging-associated alteration in the gut microbiome. These alterations include a loss of commensals and gain of disease-associated pathobionts, and are accelerated by lifestyle factors like medication, reduced mobility and restricted diet. Several studies suggest that supplementation or modification of the habitual diet may help to address age-related frailty and comorbidities, aided by microbiota modulation. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent investigations of microbiota alterations during aging and age-related diseases and the possibilities for altering the microbiome as a therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pellanda
- APC Microbiome Institute, Bioscience Building, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Institute, Bioscience Building, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Institute, Bioscience Building, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bracale R, Vaccaro CM, Coletta V, Cricelli C, Gamaleri FC, Parazzini F, Carruba M. Nutrition behaviour and compliance with the Mediterranean diet pyramid recommendations: an Italian survey-based study. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1789-1798. [PMID: 31705447 PMCID: PMC7581569 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adopting a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern may help in preventing several chronic diseases. We assessed the eating behaviour and compliance with the Mediterranean diet pyramid recommendations in Italy. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in subjects aged ≥ 20 years. A 14-question survey based on the updated Mediterranean diet pyramid was launched online from April 2015 to November 2016. At test completion, a personalized pyramid displaying the possible deficiencies and/or excesses was generated, that could be the basis to plan diet and lifestyle modifications. RESULTS Overall, 27,540 subjects completed the survey: the proportion of females (75.6%), younger subjects (20.7%) and people with a University degree (33.1%) resembled those of the Italian population of Internet users rather than of the general population. 37.8% of participants declared a sedentary lifestyle, including 29.6% of those aged 20-29 years. A lower-than-recommended intake of all food categories included in the Mediterranean diet pyramid, along with excess of sweets, red and processed meats, emerged, that may affect health in the long term. Low adherence to recommendations was observed especially among females and older people. Notably, a discrepancy surfaced between the responders' perceived and actual behaviour toward the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (81.8% vs 22.7-32.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The nutritional habits and lifestyle of Italian participants are poorly adherent to the Mediterranean diet recommendations. The personalized pyramid tool may help in raising the awareness of individuals and their families on where to intervene, possibly with the support of healthcare professionals, to improve their behaviour. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bracale
- Department of Medicine and Sciences for Health, Molise University, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Cricelli
- Società Italiana di Medicina Generale e delle Cure Primarie Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Parazzini
- Dipartimento di scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carruba
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for the Study and Research on Obesity, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Twelve-Week Daily Consumption of ad hoc Fortified Milk with ω-3, D, and Group B Vitamins Has a Positive Impact on Inflammaging Parameters: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113580. [PMID: 33266447 PMCID: PMC7700442 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: A state of chronic, subclinical inflammation known as inflammaging is present in elderly people and represents a risk factor for all age-related diseases. Dietary supplementation with ad hoc fortified foods seems an appealing strategy to counteract inflammaging. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of elderly-tailored fortified milk on inflammaging and different health parameters. Methods: A double-blind randomized cross-over study was performed on forty-eight volunteers aged 63–80 years. The fortified milk was enriched with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), vitamins (25-hydroxyvitamin D, E, C, B6, B9, B12), and trace elements (zinc, selenium). The two intervention periods lasted for 12 weeks, with a 16-week washout intermission. Results: Compared to placebo, the consumption of fortified milk increased the circulating levels of different micronutrients, including vitamins and the ω-3 index of erythrocyte membranes. Conversely, it reduced the amount of arachidonic acid, homocysteine, and ω-6/ω-3 ratio. Conclusion: Twelve-week daily consumption of adhoc fortified milk has an overall positive impact on different health parameters related to inflammaging in the elderly.
Collapse
|
28
|
The role of body composition assessment in obesity and eating disorders. Eur J Radiol 2020; 131:109227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Analysis of the intricate effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols on inflammatory pathways in health and disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111558. [PMID: 32640331 PMCID: PMC7335494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various infectious diseases; lately most notably COVID-19 have been in the front line of research worldwide. Although targeting different organs, these pathologies have common biochemical impairments - redox disparity and, prominently, dysregulation of the inflammatory pathways. Research data have shown that diet components like polyphenols, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fibres as well as lifestyle (fasting, physical exercise) are important factors influencing signalling pathways with a significant potential to improve metabolic homeostasis and immune cells' functions. In the present manuscript we have reviewed scientific data from recent publications regarding the beneficial cellular and molecular effects induced by dietary plant products, mainly polyphenolic compounds and PUFAs, and summarize the clinical outcomes expected from these types of interventions, in a search for effective long-term approaches to improve the immune system response.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ventriglio A, Sancassiani F, Contu MP, Latorre M, Di Slavatore M, Fornaro M, Bhugra D. Mediterranean Diet and its Benefits on Health and Mental Health: A Literature Review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2020; 16:156-164. [PMID: 33029192 PMCID: PMC7536728 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902016010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mediterranean Diet (MD) is currently considered one of the most healthy dietary models worldwide. It is generally based on the daily intake of fruit and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, fish, white meats, and olive oil. It may also include moderate consumption of fermented dairy products, a low intake of red meat, and red/white wine during the main course. Even if the effect of MD on cancer prevention as well as on human metabolic and cardiovascular balance has been discussed, including the quality of life of the exposed population, the putative effects on mental health are still not properly investigated. This narrative review reports on some emerging pieces of evidence on the possible impact of MD on general health and the outcome of psychiatric disorders (e.g., major depression, anxiety) and encourages further studies to test the benefits of healthy food selection on the health of the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Contu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Melanie Di Slavatore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine 'Federico II' Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cano A, Marshall S, Zolfaroli I, Bitzer J, Ceausu I, Chedraui P, Durmusoglu F, Erkkola R, Goulis DG, Hirschberg AL, Kiesel L, Lopes P, Pines A, van Trotsenburg M, Lambrinoudaki I, Rees M. The Mediterranean diet and menopausal health: An EMAS position statement. Maturitas 2020; 139:90-97. [PMID: 32682573 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, 985 million women are aged 50 and over, leading to increasing concerns about chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, dementia, and cognitive decline, which can adversely affect quality of life and independent living. AIM To evaluate the evidence from observational studies and randomized trials on the effects of the Mediterranean diet on short- and long-term menopausal health: estrogen deficiency symptoms, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cognitive and mental health, breast cancer, and all-cause mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS The Mediterranean diet is a non-restrictive dietary pattern common in the olive-growing areas of the Mediterranean basin. It may improve vasomotor symptoms, cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose levels, as well as mood and symptoms of depression. Long-term adherence may: improve cardiovascular risk and events, and death; improve bone mineral density; prevent cognitive decline; and reduce the risk of breast cancer and all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia and INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Skye Marshall
- Nutrition Research Australia, New South Wales, Australia; Bond University Nutrition & Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irene Zolfaroli
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia and INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Johannes Bitzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iuliana Ceausu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology I, "Dr. I. Cantacuzino" Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación de Salud Integral (ISAIN), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Fatih Durmusoglu
- Istanbul Medipol International School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Risto Erkkola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital Turku, Finland
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrice Lopes
- Nantes, France Polyclinique de l'Atlantique Saint Herblain, F 44819 St Herblain France, Université de Nantes F 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Amos Pines
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Mick van Trotsenburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital St. Poelten-Lilienfeld, Austria
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Margaret Rees
- Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ghosh TS, Rampelli S, Jeffery IB, Santoro A, Neto M, Capri M, Giampieri E, Jennings A, Candela M, Turroni S, Zoetendal EG, Hermes GDA, Elodie C, Meunier N, Brugere CM, Pujos-Guillot E, Berendsen AM, De Groot LCPGM, Feskins EJM, Kaluza J, Pietruszka B, Bielak MJ, Comte B, Maijo-Ferre M, Nicoletti C, De Vos WM, Fairweather-Tait S, Cassidy A, Brigidi P, Franceschi C, O'Toole PW. Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty and improving health status: the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries. Gut 2020; 69:1218-1228. [PMID: 32066625 PMCID: PMC7306987 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ageing is accompanied by deterioration of multiple bodily functions and inflammation, which collectively contribute to frailty. We and others have shown that frailty co-varies with alterations in the gut microbiota in a manner accelerated by consumption of a restricted diversity diet. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is associated with health. In the NU-AGE project, we investigated if a 1-year MedDiet intervention could alter the gut microbiota and reduce frailty. DESIGN We profiled the gut microbiota in 612 non-frail or pre-frail subjects across five European countries (UK, France, Netherlands, Italy and Poland) before and after the administration of a 12-month long MedDiet intervention tailored to elderly subjects (NU-AGE diet). RESULTS Adherence to the diet was associated with specific microbiome alterations. Taxa enriched by adherence to the diet were positively associated with several markers of lower frailty and improved cognitive function, and negatively associated with inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein and interleukin-17. Analysis of the inferred microbial metabolite profiles indicated that the diet-modulated microbiome change was associated with an increase in short/branch chained fatty acid production and lower production of secondary bile acids, p-cresols, ethanol and carbon dioxide. Microbiome ecosystem network analysis showed that the bacterial taxa that responded positively to the MedDiet intervention occupy keystone interaction positions, whereas frailty-associated taxa are peripheral in the networks. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings support the feasibility of improving the habitual diet to modulate the gut microbiota which in turn has the potential to promote healthier ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ian B Jeffery
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- CIG Interdepartmental Centre "L Galvani", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Neto
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Miriam Capri
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerben D A Hermes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Caumon Elodie
- CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Meunier
- CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne, France
| | - Agnes M Berendsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M De Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskins
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Kaluza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Blandine Comte
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne, France
| | - Monica Maijo-Ferre
- Gut Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Gut Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy, University of Florence, Firenze, Toscana, Italy
| | - Willem M De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susan Fairweather-Tait
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- The Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bolognas, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Murata EM, Donlon CM, Cook NR, Mora S, Lee IM, Kotler G, Bubes V, Buring JE, Manson JE. Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D on Bone Health Outcomes in Women and Men in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL). J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:883-893. [PMID: 31923341 PMCID: PMC7217747 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although supplemental vitamin D is used to promote bone health in the general population, data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been inconsistent. We determined whether daily, vitamin D3 supplementation improves bone mineral density (BMD) and/or structure. VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of supplemental vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d) and/or omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/d) in 25,871 adults nationwide. This ancillary study included a subcohort of 771 participants (men ≥50 and women ≥55 years; not taking bone active medications) evaluated at baseline and at 2-year follow-up (89% retention). Total 25(OH)D levels were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA). Free 25(OH)D (FVD) levels were measured using the ELISA assay by Future Diagnostics Solutions BV (Wijchen, Netherlands). Primary endpoints were 2-year changes in areal (a) BMD at the spine, hip, and whole body determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary endpoints were 2-year changes in volumetric (v) BMD and cortical thickness at the radius and tibia assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Supplemental vitamin D3 versus placebo had no effect on 2-year changes in aBMD at the spine (0.33% versus 0.17%; p = 0.55), femoral neck (-0.27% versus -0.68%; p = 0.16), total hip (-0.76% versus -0.95%; p = 0.23), or whole body (-0.22% versus -0.15%; p = 0.60), or on measures of bone structure. Effects did not vary by sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, or 25(OH)D levels. Among participants with baseline FVD levels below the median (<14.2 pmol/L), there was a slight increase in spine aBMD (0.75% versus 0%; p = 0.043) and attenuation in loss of total hip aBMD (-0.42% versus -0.98%; p = 0.044) with vitamin D3 . Whether baseline FVD levels help to identify those more likely to benefit from supplementation warrants further study. Supplemental vitamin D3 versus placebo for 2 years in general healthy adults not selected for vitamin D insufficiency did not improve BMD or structure. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryl S LeBoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon H Chou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elle M Murata
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M Donlon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Kotler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vadim Bubes
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Barrea L, Pugliese G, Laudisio D, Colao A, Savastano S, Muscogiuri G. Mediterranean diet as medical prescription in menopausal women with obesity: a practical guide for nutritionists. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1201-1211. [PMID: 32329636 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1755220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal transition is associated with weight gain and increased visceral fat distribution, which acts as an endocrine organ secreting the pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, which leads to metabolic disorders typical of menopause, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Given the increasing number of aging population, the nutritional strategies to prevent obesity and obesity-related diseases in menopausal women is becoming a growing need and it should be one of the main objective for Nutritionists. The Mediterranean diet is characterized from foods with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, such as extra-virgin olive oil, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, red wine, and whole-grain cereals. Several evidences showed that the Mediterranean diet acts on both weight control and menopause, in addition to the known effects of the Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is comparable with pharmacological interventions in terms of reducing the risk of obesity and cardiovascular and metabolic events. Considering that there are no specific dietary guidelines to manage weight in menopause, the aim of this review is to provide a nutritional guideline for the management of weight in menopause, particularly focusing on the Mediterranean diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile," University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jennings A, Mulligan AA, Khaw KT, Luben RN, Welch AA. A Mediterranean Diet Is Positively Associated with Bone and Muscle Health in a Non-Mediterranean Region in 25,450 Men and Women from EPIC-Norfolk. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1154. [PMID: 32326165 PMCID: PMC7231007 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and musculoskeletal health is limited. The current study determined if adherence to the alternative MD score (aMED) and MD score (MDS), quantified from 7-d food diaries, was associated with fracture incidence, bone density (calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA)) and fat free mass (expressed over BMI (FFMBMI) using bioelectrical impedance) in 25,450 men and women recruited to the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer study in Norfolk, UK. During 17.4 years of follow up (443,178 total person years) 2195 incident fractures occurred. Higher aMED adherence was associated with 23% reduced total (Q5-Q1 HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.67, 0.88; p-trend < 0.01) and 21% reduced hip (Q5-Q1 HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.65, 0.96; p-trend = 0.01) fracture incidence, and significantly higher BUA (Q5-Q1 1.0 dB/MHz 95% CI 0.2, 1.9; p-trend < 0.01) and FFMBMI (Q5-Q1 0.05 kg/(kg/m2) 95% CI 0.04, 0.06; p-trend < 0.01), comparing extreme adherence quintiles. Higher MDS was also associated with reduced total fractures (Q5-Q1 HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.71, 0.96; p-trend = 0.03) and significantly higher BUA (Q5-Q1 1.4 dB/MHz 95% CI 0.5, 2.3; p-trend < 0.01) and FFMBMI (Q5-Q1 0.03 kg/(kg/m2) 95% CI 0.01, 0.04; p-trend < 0.01). This evidence supports the need to develop interventions to enhance MD adherence, particularly in women, where evidence for associations was stronger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
| | - Angela A. Mulligan
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (A.A.M.); (K.-T.K.); (R.N.L.)
- NIHR BRC Diet, Anthropometry and Physical Activity Group, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (A.A.M.); (K.-T.K.); (R.N.L.)
| | - Robert N. Luben
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (A.A.M.); (K.-T.K.); (R.N.L.)
| | - Ailsa A. Welch
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sánchez-Sánchez ML, García-Vigara A, Hidalgo-Mora JJ, García-Pérez MÁ, Tarín J, Cano A. Mediterranean diet and health: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and intervention trials. Maturitas 2020; 136:25-37. [PMID: 32386663 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diet is a crucial variable for a healthy life. A rapidly growing number of studies in recent years support the hypothesis that the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has a beneficial effect on certain body systems, but the highly varied objectives and quality of these publications warrants an updated assessment. In the present review we performed a comprehensive evaluation of current evidence on the impact of the MedDiet on human health, assessing its effect on the incidence or progression of the main non-communicable diseases and their intermediate outcomes and risk factors. We scrutinised the clinical evidence from observational studies and randomised controlled trials. Cardiovascular disease was the condition with most information. The MedDiet showed a general preventive effect, which was reproduced to varying degrees for certain intermediate cardiovascular outcomes such as blood pressure, lipids, obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Benefits were also found for several types of cancer, brain function (including cognition, mood and to a lesser extent Parkinson's disease) and mortality. The quality of the published evidence was, however, generally moderate or low. In conclusion, the MedDiet shows a favourable impact on health. General adoption of a MedDiet is concordant with current policies promoting healthy and sustainable nutrition worldwide. Nonetheless, more high-quality research is needed to improve the consistency of the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia García-Vigara
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario - INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan José Hidalgo-Mora
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario - INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Miguel-Ángel García-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, and INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cano
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario - INCLIVA, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gensous N, Garagnani P, Santoro A, Giuliani C, Ostan R, Fabbri C, Milazzo M, Gentilini D, di Blasio AM, Pietruszka B, Madej D, Bialecka-Debek A, Brzozowska A, Franceschi C, Bacalini MG. One-year Mediterranean diet promotes epigenetic rejuvenation with country- and sex-specific effects: a pilot study from the NU-AGE project. GeroScience 2020; 42:687-701. [PMID: 31981007 PMCID: PMC7205853 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean diet has been proposed to promote healthy aging, but its effects on aging biomarkers have been poorly investigated. We evaluated the impact of a 1-year Mediterranean-like diet in a pilot study including 120 elderly healthy subjects from the NU-AGE study (60 Italians, 60 Poles) by measuring the changes in their epigenetic age, assessed by Horvath's clock. We observed a trend towards epigenetic rejuvenation of participants after nutritional intervention. The effect was statistically significant in the group of Polish females and in subjects who were epigenetically older at baseline. A genome-wide association study of epigenetic age changes after the intervention did not return significant (adjusted p value < 0.05) loci. However, we identified small-effect alleles (nominal p value < 10-4), mapping in genes enriched in pathways related to energy metabolism, regulation of cell cycle, and of immune functions. Together, these findings suggest that Mediterranean diet can promote epigenetic rejuvenation but with country-, sex-, and individual-specific effects, thus highlighting the need for a personalized approach to nutritional interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gensous
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Fabbri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Milazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Madej
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Bialecka-Debek
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Brzozowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky Univeristy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fairweather-Tait SJ. Reminiscences of my life as a nutritionist-and looking to the future. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:537-542. [PMID: 31996796 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this invited article for the Crystal Ball series, I have tried to briefly cover my undergraduate and post-graduate training and subsequent career in nutrition, and end with some thoughts about the future. It has not been possible to give a comprehensive account of my many years of nutrition research, so I have selected a few events that might amuse readers. Also, due to the lack of space, I have been unable to mention all the wonderful colleagues and friends with whom I have interacted, but, if they read this article, they know who they are. Unfortunately, a growing number are no longer with us and I would like to pay tribute to them and their important contribution to human nutrition.
Collapse
|
40
|
Berendsen AAM, Kramer CS, de Groot LCPGM. The Newly Developed Elderly Nutrient-Rich Food Score Is a Useful Tool to Assess Nutrient Density in European Older Adults. Front Nutr 2019; 6:119. [PMID: 31457017 PMCID: PMC6688200 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To develop a nutrient-rich food (NRF) score that captures dietary reference values for older adults and to validate this against a diet index that was specifically designed to assess adherence to dietary guidelines for the older population. Design: A cross-sectional study within the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (DNFCS, n = 735 men and women aged 70-94 years, enrolled between October 2010 and February 2012) and within the NU-AGE study (n = 250 men and women aged 65-79 years, enrolled between April 2012 and March 2013). Dietary intake was assessed by means of two non-consecutive dietary record assisted 24-h recalls and 7-day food records, respectively. Structured questionnaires collected data on lifestyle and socio-economic information. Anthropometrics were measured by trained dieticians or research assistants. We evaluated Elderly NRF (E-NRF) scores against the NU-AGE index, a measure of adherence to European dietary guidelines for the aging population. The E-NRF scores were composed of nutrients that: (1) have been shown to be of inadequate intake in the aging population (>20%), (2) were defined as nutrients of public health relevance, and (3) were associated with relevant health outcomes. Results: The E-NRF score that best predicted the NU-AGE index included seven nutrients to encourage (protein, dietary fiber, folate, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, potassium) and three nutrients to limit (saturated fat, sodium and mono- and disaccharides) on a 100-kcal basis, the E-NRF7.3 score (model R2 0.27 in DNFCS and 0.41 in NU-AGE). Food groups contributing the most to the individual E-NRF7.3 scores were vegetables, bread, potatoes and milk and milk products. Conclusion: The E-NRF7.3 score is a useful tool for assessing nutrient density of diets within the older population. No index has previously been developed with the aim of evaluating nutrient density of diets and foods specifically capturing dietary reference values for older adults.
Collapse
|
41
|
Anderson SF. Best (but oft forgotten) practices: sample size planning for powerful studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:280-295. [PMID: 31131390 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Given recent concerns regarding replicability and trustworthiness in several areas of science, it is vital to encourage researchers to conduct statistically rigorous studies. Achieving a high level of statistical power is one particularly important domain in which researchers can improve the quality and reproducibility of their studies. Although several factors influence statistical power, appropriate sample size planning is often under the control of the researcher and can result in powerful studies. However, the process of conducting sample size planning to achieve a specified level of desired statistical power is often complex and the literature can be difficult to navigate. This article aims to provide an approachable overview of statistical power and sample size planning, with emphasis on why statistical power is important for high-quality science. Thorough examples relevant to nutrition researchers are included to illustrate the process of sample size planning. Special consideration is also given to issues that may arise when conducting sample size planning in practice. The overarching goal is to provide nutrition researchers with the tools and expertise needed to conduct effective sample size planning for future studies.
Collapse
|
42
|
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Mediterranean Diet, and Bone Health in Coeliac Disease Patients: A Pilot Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7384193. [PMID: 31320984 PMCID: PMC6610747 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7384193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a bone loss index in postmenopausal women and as a marker of inflammation in coeliac patients. The aims of this work were to evaluate the effect of gluten-free diet (GFD) on NLR retrospectively and study the relationship between NLR and Mediterranean diet adherence and selected food groups (fruits, vegetables, red meat, potatoes, and unrefined and refined cereals). Adult individuals (n = 50), who had been on a strict GFD by at least 6 months, were recruited. The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was calculated with two different scores: the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS-14), assessed through the validated 14-item questionnaire of the PREDIMED study, and the MEDScore (Score-55) proposed by Panagiotakos. The latter includes the consumption of unrefined cereals (UC). High percentages of osteopenia and osteoporosis were found within the recruited subjects, who furnished the reports of bone mineral density (BMD), in particular in postmenopausal (Post-M) women. Recent NLR was higher in subjects with osteoporosis compared to osteopenia and normal BMD. However, retrospective analysis showed both increase and decrease in NLR after GFD, with no significant differences between Marsh grade, anemia, and BMD status. Moreover, premenopausal previous pregnancy (Pre-MPP) and Post-M had higher NLR at diagnosis compared to Men and premenopausal (Pre-M), but higher differences were observed in recent NLR between Pre-MPP and Men only. Chocolate consumption was associated with lower recent NLR, whereas the latter was correlated with Score-55, but not with MDS-14. Moreover, refined cereal consumption was correlated with recent NLR. Although large prospective studies are needed in order to clarify the relationship between UC and NLR in coeliac patients, in this pilot study, we have investigated for the first time the relationship between NLR, dietary habit, and osteoporosis in coeliac disease.
Collapse
|
43
|
Berendsen AAM, van de Rest O, Feskens EJM, Santoro A, Ostan R, Pietruszka B, Brzozowska A, Stelmaszczyk-Kusz A, Jennings A, Gillings R, Cassidy A, Caille A, Caumon E, Malpuech-Brugere C, Franceschi C, de Groot LCPGM. Changes in Dietary Intake and Adherence to the NU-AGE Diet Following a One-Year Dietary Intervention among European Older Adults-Results of the NU-AGE Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1905. [PMID: 30518044 PMCID: PMC6315357 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean Diet has been proposed as an effective strategy to reduce inflammaging, a chronic low grade inflammatory status, and thus, to slow down the aging process. We evaluated whether a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern specifically targeting dietary recommendations of people aged over 65 years (NU-AGE diet) could be effective to shift dietary intake of older adults towards a healthful diet. METHODS Adults aged 65⁻80 years across five EU-centers were randomly assigned to a NU-AGE diet group or control group. The diet group followed one year of NU-AGE dietary intervention specifying consumption of 15 food groups plus the use of a vitamin D supplement. Participants in the diet group received counselling and individually tailored dietary advice, food products and a vitamin D supplement. Dietary intake was assessed by means of seven-day food records at baseline and one-year follow-up. A continuous NU-AGE index (0⁻160 points) was developed to assess NU-AGE diet adherence. RESULTS In total 1296 participants were randomized and 1141 participants completed the intervention (571 intervention, 570 control). After one year, the diet group improved mean intake of 13 out of 16 NU-AGE dietary components (p < 0.05), with a significant increase in total NU-AGE index (difference in mean change = 21.3 ± 15.9 points, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The NU-AGE dietary intervention, based on dietary recommendations for older adults, consisting of individual dietary counselling, free healthy foods and a vitamin D supplement, may be a feasible strategy to improve dietary intake in an aging European population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes A M Berendsen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via G. Petroni 26, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Rita Ostan
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via G. Petroni 26, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Brzozowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Stelmaszczyk-Kusz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Amy Jennings
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Aurélie Caille
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Elodie Caumon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugere
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via G. Petroni 26, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Via Altura, 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|