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Lopez Torres SY, Aukan MI, Gower BA, Martins C. Adaptive thermogenesis, at the level of resting energy expenditure, after diet alone or diet plus bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1169-1178. [PMID: 38664956 PMCID: PMC11132925 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the magnitude of adaptive thermogenesis (AT), at the level of resting energy expenditure (REE), after a very low-energy diet alone or combined with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, as well as to investigate the association between AT and changes in appetite. METHODS A total of 44 participants with severe obesity underwent 10 weeks of a very low-energy diet alone or combined with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Body weight and composition, REE, subjective appetite feelings, and plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones were measured at baseline and week 11. AT, at the level of REE, was defined as a significantly lower measured versus predicted (using a regression model with baseline data) REE. RESULTS Participants lost 18.4 ± 3.9 kg of body weight and experienced AT, at the level of REE (-121 ± 188 kcal/day; p < 0.001), with no differences among groups. The larger the AT, at the level of REE, the greater the reduction in fasting ghrelin concentrations and the smaller the reduction in feelings of hunger and desire to eat in the postprandial state. CONCLUSIONS Weight-loss modality does not seem to modulate the magnitude of AT, at the level of REE. The greater the AT, at the level of REE, the greater the drive to eat following weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Y Lopez Torres
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marthe I Aukan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Catia Martins
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Purcell SA, Legget KT, Halliday TM, Pan Z, Creasy SA, Blankenship JM, Hild A, Tregellas JR, Melanson EL, Cornier MA. Appetitive and Metabolic Responses to an Exercise versus Dietary Intervention in Adults with Obesity. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 7:e000211. [PMID: 36337848 PMCID: PMC9635267 DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction/Purpose Dietary restriction (DIET) and aerobic exercise (AEX) interventions may impact energy balance differently. Our aim was to describe the effects of weight loss interventions via DIET or AEX on measures of energy balance. Methods Adults with overweight or obesity were randomized to 12 weeks of DIET or AEX with similar calorie deficit goals. A study day was conducted before and after the intervention to assess subjective and hormonal (ghrelin, peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1) appetite responses to a control meal, ad libitum energy intake (EI) at a single meal, and over three days of free-living conditions and eating behavior traits. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured with indirect calorimetry and adjusted for body composition measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Non-exercise activity was measured using accelerometers. Results Forty-four individuals were included (age: 37 ± 9 years, body mass index: 30.6 ± 3.1 kg/m2). Both interventions resulted in weight and fat mass loss. The DIET group lost fat-free mass, although differences between groups were not significant (DIET: -1.2 ± 1.7 kg, p<0.001; AEX: 0.4 ± 1.5 kg, p=0.186; p=0.095 interaction). There were no differences in RMR after body composition adjustment. Both interventions were associated with an increase in dietary restraint (DIET: 4.9 ± 1.2, AEX: 2.8 ± 0.7; p<0.001 in both groups). Hunger decreased with DIET (-1.4 ± 0.5, p=0.003), and disinhibition decreased with AEX (-1.5 ± 0.5, p<0.001), although these changes were not different between groups (i.e., no group × time interaction). No other differences in appetite, EI, or non-exercise physical activity were observed within or between groups. Conclusions AEX did not result in compensatory alterations in appetite, ad libitum EI, or physical activity, despite assumed increased energy expenditure. Modest evidence also suggested that disinhibition and hunger may be differentially impacted by weight loss modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Purcell
- Division of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristina T. Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tanya M. Halliday
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Seth A. Creasy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Blankenship
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Allison Hild
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R. Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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3
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Martins C, Gower BA, Hunter GR. Metabolic adaptation delays time to reach weight loss goals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:400-406. [PMID: 35088553 PMCID: PMC8852805 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether metabolic adaptation, at the level of resting metabolic rate, was associated with time to reach weight loss goals, after adjusting for confounders. METHODS A total of 65 premenopausal women with overweight (BMI: 28.6 ± 1.5 kg/m2 ; age: 36.4 ± 5.9 years; 36 were White, and 29 were Black) followed an 800-kcal/d diet until BMI ≤25 kg/m2 . Body weight and composition were measured at baseline and after weight loss. Dietary adherence was calculated from total energy expenditure, determined by double labeled water, and body composition changes. Metabolic adaptation was defined as a significantly lower measured versus predicted resting metabolic rate (from own regression model). A regression model to predict time to reach weight loss goals was developed including target weight loss, energy deficit, dietary adherence, and metabolic adaptation as predictors. RESULTS Participants lost on average 12.5 ± 3.1 kg (16.1% ± 3.4%) over 155.1 ± 49.2 days. Average dietary adherence was 63.6% ± 31.0%. There was significant metabolic adaptation after weight loss (-46 ± 113 kcal/d, p = 0.002) and this variable was a significant predictor of time to reach weight loss goals (β = -0.1, p = 0.041), even after adjusting for confounders (R2 adjusted = 0.63, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In premenopausal women with overweight, metabolic adaptation after a 16% weight loss increases the length of time necessary to achieve weight loss goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Dahle JH, Ostendorf DM, Pan Z, MacLean PS, Bessesen DH, Heymsfield SB, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. Weight and body composition changes affect resting energy expenditure predictive equations during a 12-month weight-loss intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1596-1605. [PMID: 34431624 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mathematical equations that predict resting energy expenditure (REE) are widely used to derive calorie prescriptions during weight-loss interventions. Although such equations are known to introduce group- and individual-level error into REE prediction, their validity has largely been assessed in weight-stable populations. Therefore, this study sought to characterize how weight change affects the validity of commonly used REE predictive models throughout a 12-month weight-loss intervention. METHODS Changes in predictive error of four models (Mifflin-St-Jeor, Harris-Benedict, Owen, and World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture) were assessed at 1-, 6-, and 12-month time points in adults (n = 66, 76% female, aged 18-55 years, BMI = 27-45 kg/m2 ) enrolled in a randomized clinical weight-loss trial. RESULTS All equations experienced significant negative shifts in bias (measured - predicted REE) toward overprediction from baseline to 1 month (p < 0.05). Three equations showed reversal of bias in the positive direction (toward underprediction) from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.05). Early changes in bias were correlated with decreased fat-free mass (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Changes in body composition and mass during a 12-month weight-loss intervention significantly affected REE predictive error in adults with overweight and obesity. Weight history should be considered when using mathematical models to predict REE during periods of weight fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared H Dahle
- Integrated Physiology Program, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danielle M Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Victoria A Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Creasy SA, Hibbing PR, Cotton E, Lyden K, Ostendorf DM, Willis EA, Pan Z, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. Temporal patterns of physical activity in successful weight loss maintainers. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2074-2082. [PMID: 34127805 PMCID: PMC8388061 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Individuals successful at weight loss maintenance engage in high amounts of physical activity (PA). Understanding how and when weight loss maintainers accumulate PA within a day and across the week may inform PA promotion strategies and recommendations for weight management. METHODS We compared patterns of PA in a cohort of weight loss maintainers (WLM, n = 28, maintaining ≥13.6 kg weight loss for ≥1 year, BMI 23.6 ± 2.3 kg/m2), controls without obesity (NC, n = 30, BMI similar to current BMI of WLM, BMI 22.8 ± 1.9 kg/m2), and controls with overweight/obesity (OC, n = 26, BMI similar to pre-weight loss BMI of WLM, 33.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2). PA was assessed during 7 consecutive days using the activPALTM activity monitor. The following variables were quantified; sleep duration, sedentary time (SED), light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), and steps. Data were examined to determine differences in patterns of PA across the week and across the day using mixed effect models. RESULTS Across the week, WLM engaged in ≥60 min of MVPA on 73% of days, significantly more than OC (36%, p < 0.001) and similar to NC (59%, p = 0.10). Across the day, WLM accumulated more MVPA in the morning (i.e., within 3 h of waking) compared to both NC and OC (p < 0.01). WLM engaged in significantly more MVPA accumulated in bouts ≥10 min compared to NC and OC (p < 0.05). Specifically, WLM engaged in more MVPA accumulated in bouts of ≥60 min compared to NC and OC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS WLM engage in high amounts of MVPA (≥60 min/d) on more days of the week, accumulate more MVPA in sustained bouts, and accumulate more MVPA in the morning compared to controls. Future research should investigate if these distinct patterns of PA help to promote weight loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A. Creasy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Paul R. Hibbing
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Eleanor Cotton
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kate Lyden
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Erik A. Willis
- Center for Health Promotion Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Biostatistics Core, Research Institute of Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO,Division of Geriatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Martins C, Roekenes J, Hunter GR, Gower BA. Association between ketosis and metabolic adaptation at the level of resting metabolic rate. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4824-4829. [PMID: 34358822 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) has been shown to act as a signaling molecule that regulates metabolism and energy homeostasis during starvation in animal models. A potential association between βHB and metabolic adaptation (a reduction in energy expenditure below predicted levels) in humans has never been explored. OBJECTIVE To determine if metabolic adaptation at the level of resting metabolic rate (RMR) was associated with the magnitude of ketosis induced by a very-low energy diet (VLED). A secondary aim was to investigate if the association was modulated by sex. METHODS Sixty-four individuals with obesity (BMI: 34.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2; age: 45.7 ± 8.0 years; 31 males) enrolled in a 1000 kcal/day diet for 8 weeks. Body weight/composition, RMR and βHB (as a measure of ketosis) were determined at baseline and week 9 (W9). Metabolic adaptation was defined as a significantly lower measured versus predicted RMR (from own regression model). RESULTS Participants lost on average 14.0 ± 3.9 kg and were ketotic (βHB: 0.76 ± 0.51 mM) at W9. A significant metabolic adaptation was seen (-84 ± 106 kcal/day, P < 0.001), with no significant differences between sexes. [βHB] was positively correlated with the magnitude of metabolic adaptation in females (r = 0.432, P = 0.012, n = 33), but not in males (r = 0.089, P = 0.634, n = 31). CONCLUSION In females with obesity, but not males, the larger the [βHB] under VLED, the greater the metabolic adaptation at the level of RMR. More studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore the mechanisms behind the sex difference in the association between ketosis and metabolic adaptation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NAME Clinicaltrials.gov. STUDY REGISTRATION ID NCT02944253. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02944253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
| | - Jessica Roekenes
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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7
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Martins C, Roekenes J, Gower BA, Hunter GR. Metabolic adaptation is associated with less weight and fat mass loss in response to low-energy diets. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:60. [PMID: 34116675 PMCID: PMC8196522 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practical relevance of metabolic adaptation remains a controversial issue. To the best of our knowledge, no study has properly evaluated the role of metabolic adaptation in modulating weight loss outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the association between metabolic adaptation, at the level of resting metabolic rate (RMR), and weight and fat mass (FM) loss after low-energy diets (LED), after adjusting for dietary adherence and other confounders. METHODS 71 individuals with obesity (BMI: 34.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2; age: 45.4 ± 8.2 years; 33 males) were randomized to one of three 1000 kcal/day diets for 8 weeks. Body weight, FM and fat-free mass (FFM) (air displacement plethysmography), RMR (indirect calorimetry) and physical activity level (PAL) (armbands) were measured at baseline and at week 9. Metabolic adaptation at week 9 was defined as measured RMR minus predicted RMR at week 9. An equation to predict RMR was derived from baseline data of all participants that were part of this analysis and included age, sex, FM and FFM as predictors. Dietary adherence was calculated from RMR, PAL and body composition changes. Linear regression was used to assess the potential role of metabolic adaptation in predicting weight and FM loss after adjusting for dietary adherence, average PAL, sex, baseline FM and FFM and randomization group. RESULTS Participants lost on average 14 ± 4 kg of body weight (13 ± 3%) and presented with metabolic adaptation (-92 ± 110 kcal/day, P < 0.001). Metabolic adaptation was a significant predictor of both weight (β = -0.009, P < 0.001) and FM loss (β = -0.008, P < 0.001), even after adjusting for confounders (R2 = 0.88, 0.93, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). On average, an increase in metabolic adaptation of 50 kcal/day was associated with a 0.5 kg lower weight and FM loss in response to the LED. CONCLUSION In individuals with obesity, metabolic adaptation at the level of RMR is associated with less weight and FM loss in response to LED. Trial registration ID: NCT02944253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forsyningssenteret, Prinsesse Kristinas Gate 5, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
- Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
| | - Jessica Roekenes
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Forsyningssenteret, Prinsesse Kristinas Gate 5, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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8
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Dahle JH, Ostendorf DM, Zaman A, Pan Z, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. Underreporting of energy intake in weight loss maintainers. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:257-266. [PMID: 33742193 PMCID: PMC8246606 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with overweight or obesity commonly underreport energy intake (EI), but it is unknown if the tendency to underreport persists in formerly obese individuals who lose significant weight and maintain their weight loss over long periods of time. OBJECTIVE Assess the accuracy of self-reported EI in successful weight loss maintainers (WLM) compared with controls of normal body weight (NC) and controls with overweight/obesity (OC). METHODS Participants for this case-controlled study were recruited in 3 groups: WLM [n = 26, BMI (in kg/m2) 24.1 ± 2.3; maintaining ≥13.6 kg weight loss for ≥1 y], NC (n = 33, BMI 22.7 ± 1.9; similar to current BMI of WLM), and OC (n = 32, BMI 34.0 ± 4.6; similar to pre-weight loss BMI of WLM). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was measured over 7 d using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, and self-reported EI was concurrently measured from 3-d diet diaries. DLW TDEE and self-reported EI were compared to determine accuracy of self-reported EI. RESULTS WLM underreported EI (median, interquartile range) (-605, -915 to -314 kcal/d) to a greater degree than NC (-308, -471 to -68 kcal/d; P < 0.01) but not more than OC (-310, -970 to 18 kcal/d; P = 0.21). WLM also showed a greater degree of relative underreporting (-25.3%, -32.9% to -12.5%) compared with NC (-14.3%, -19.6% to -3.1%; P = 0.02) but not OC (-11.2%, -34.1% to -0.7%; P = 0.16). A greater proportion of WLM was classified as underreporters (30.8%) than NC (9.1%; P = 0.05) but not OC (28.1%; P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS WLM underreported EI in both absolute and relative terms to a greater extent than NC but not OC. These findings call into question the accuracy of self-reported EI in WLM published in previous studies and align with recent data suggesting that WLM rely less on chronic EI restriction and more on high levels of physical activity to maintain weight loss. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03422380.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle M Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adnin Zaman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Victoria A Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Heymsfield SB, Smith B, Dahle J, Kennedy S, Fearnbach N, Thomas DM, Bosy-Westphal A, Müller MJ. Resting Energy Expenditure: From Cellular to Whole-Body Level, a Mechanistic Historical Perspective. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:500-511. [PMID: 33624441 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The basis of heat generated by the human body has been a source of speculation and research for more than 2,000 years. Basal heat production, now usually referred to as resting energy expenditure (REE), is currently recognized as deriving from biochemical reactions at subcellular and cellular levels that are expressed in the energy expended by the body's 78 organs and tissues. These organs and tissues, and the 11 systems to which they belong, influence body size and shape. Connecting these subcellular-/cellular-level reactions to organs and tissues, and then on to body size and shape, provides a comprehensive understanding of individual differences in REE, a contemporary topic of interest in obesity research and clinical practice. This review critically examines these linkages, their association with widely used statistical and physiological REE prediction formulas, and often-unappreciated aspects of measuring basal heat production in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brooke Smith
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jared Dahle
- Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Samantha Kennedy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicole Fearnbach
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Diana M Thomas
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy West Point, New York, USA
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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10
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Oliveira V, Kwitek AE, Sigmund CD, Morselli LL, Grobe JL. Recent Advances in Hypertension: Intersection of Metabolic and Blood Pressure Regulatory Circuits in the Central Nervous System. Hypertension 2021; 77:1061-1068. [PMID: 33611936 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents the single greatest ongoing roadblock to improving cardiovascular health. Prolonged obesity is associated with fundamental changes in the integrative control of energy balance, including the development of selective leptin resistance, which is thought to contribute to obesity-associated hypertension, and adaptation of resting metabolic rate (RMR) when excess weight is reduced. Leptin and the melanocortin system within the hypothalamus contribute to the control of both energy balance and blood pressure. While the development of drugs to stimulate RMR and thereby reverse obesity through activation of the melanocortin system has been pursued, most of the resulting compounds simultaneously cause hypertension. Evidence supports the concept that although feeding behaviors, RMR, and blood pressure are controlled through mechanisms that utilize similar molecular mediators, these mechanisms exist in anatomically dissociable networks. New evidence supports a major change in molecular signaling within AgRP (Agouti-related peptide) neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus during prolonged obesity and the existence of multiple distinct subtypes of AgRP neurons that individually contribute to control of feeding, RMR, or blood pressure. Finally, ongoing work by our laboratory and others support a unique role for AT1 (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) within one specific subtype of AgRP neuron for the control of RMR. We propose that understanding the unique biology of the AT1-expressing, RMR-controlling subtype of AgRP neurons will help to resolve the selective dysfunctions in RMR control that develop during prolonged obesity and potentially point toward novel druggable antiobesity targets that will not simultaneously cause hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Oliveira
- From the Department of Physiology (V.O., A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- From the Department of Physiology (V.O., A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Cardiovascular Center (A.E.K., C.D.S., L.L.M., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- From the Department of Physiology (V.O., A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Cardiovascular Center (A.E.K., C.D.S., L.L.M., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Neuroscience Research Center (C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Lisa L Morselli
- Cardiovascular Center (A.E.K., C.D.S., L.L.M., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (L.L.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Justin L Grobe
- From the Department of Physiology (V.O., A.E.K., C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Cardiovascular Center (A.E.K., C.D.S., L.L.M., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Neuroscience Research Center (C.D.S., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core (J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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11
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Teng YC, Wang JY, Chi YH, Tsai TF. Exercise and the Cisd2 Prolongevity Gene: Two Promising Strategies to Delay the Aging of Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239059. [PMID: 33260577 PMCID: PMC7731423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an evolutionally conserved process that limits life activity. Cellular aging is the result of accumulated genetic damage, epigenetic damage and molecular exhaustion, as well as altered inter-cellular communication; these lead to impaired organ function and increased vulnerability to death. Skeletal muscle constitutes ~40% of the human body’s mass. In addition to maintaining skeletal structure and allowing locomotion, which enables essential daily activities to be completed, skeletal muscle also plays major roles in thermogenesis, metabolism and the functioning of the endocrine system. Unlike many other organs that have a defined size once adulthood is reached, skeletal muscle is able to alter its structural and functional properties in response to changes in environmental conditions. Muscle mass usually remains stable during early life; however, it begins to decline at a rate of ~1% year in men and ~0.5% in women after the age of 50 years. On the other hand, different exercise training regimens are able to restore muscle homeostasis at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels, thereby improving systemic health. Here we give an overview of the molecular factors that contribute to lifespan and healthspan, and discuss the effects of the longevity gene Cisd2 and middle-to-old age exercise on muscle metabolism and changes in the muscle transcriptome in mice during very old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chi Teng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Hui Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-37-206166 (ext. 35718) (Y.-H.C.); +886-2-28267293 (T.-F.T.); Fax: +886-2-28280872 (T.-F.T.)
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-37-206166 (ext. 35718) (Y.-H.C.); +886-2-28267293 (T.-F.T.); Fax: +886-2-28280872 (T.-F.T.)
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12
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Martins C, Roekenes J, Salamati S, Gower BA, Hunter GR. Metabolic adaptation is an illusion, only present when participants are in negative energy balance. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1212-1218. [PMID: 32844188 PMCID: PMC7657334 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of metabolic adaptation, following weight loss, remains a controversial issue. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the role of energy balance (EB) in modulating metabolic adaptation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if metabolic adaptation, at the level of resting metabolic rate (RMR), is modulated by participants' EB status. A secondary aim was to investigate if metabolic adaptation was associated with weight regain. METHODS Seventy-one individuals with obesity (BMI: 34.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2; age: 45.4 ± 8.2 y; 33 men) enrolled in a 1000-kcal/d diet for 8 wk, followed by 4 wk of weight stabilization and a 9-mo weight loss maintenance program. Body weight/composition and RMR were measured at baseline, week 9 (W9), week 13 (W13), and 1 y (1Y). Metabolic adaptation was defined as a significantly different (lower or higher) measured compared with predicted RMR. RESULTS Participants lost on average 14 kg by W9, followed by weight stabilization at W13, and regained 29% of their initial weight loss at 1Y. Metabolic adaptation was found at W9 (-92 ± 110 kcal/d, P < 0.001) and W13 (-38 ± 124 kcal/d, P = 0.011) but was not correlated with weight regain. A significant reduction in metabolic adaptation was seen between W9 and W13 (-53 ± 101 kcal/d, P < 0.001). In a subset of participants who gained weight between W9 and W13 (n = 33), no metabolic adaptation was seen at W13 (-26.8 ± 121.5 kcal/d, P = 0.214). In a subset of participants with data at all time points (n = 45), metabolic adaptation was present at W9 and W13 (-107 ± 102 kcal/d, P < 0.001 and -49 ± 128 kcal/d, P = 0.013) but not at 1Y (-7 ± 129, P = 0.701). CONCLUSION After weight loss, metabolic adaptation at the level of RMR is dependent on the EB status of the participants, being reduced to half after a period of weight stabilization. Moreover, metabolic adaptation does not predict weight regain at 1Y follow-up. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02944253 and NCT03287726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessica Roekenes
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Saideh Salamati
- Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Martins C, Dutton GR, Hunter GR, Gower BA. Revisiting the Compensatory Theory as an explanatory model for relapse in obesity management. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1170-1179. [PMID: 32936896 PMCID: PMC7657332 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight regain remains the main challenge in obesity management, and its etiology remains elusive. The aim of the present review was to revise the available evidence regarding the "Compensatory Theory," which is an explanatory model of relapse in obesity treatment, and to propose alternative mechanisms that can contribute to weight regain. It has been proposed, and generally accepted as true, that when a person loses weight the body fights back, with physiological adaptations on both sides of the energy balance equation that try to bring body weight back to its original state: this is the Compensatory Theory. This theory proposes that the increased orexigenic drive to eat and the reduced energy expenditure that follow weight loss are the main drivers of relapse. However, evidence showing a link between these physiological adaptations to weight loss and weight regain is lacking. Here, we propose that the physiological adaptations to weight loss, both at the level of the homeostatic appetite control system and energy expenditure, are in fact a normalization to a lower body weight and not drivers of weight regain. In light of this we explore other potential mechanisms, both physiological and behavioral, that can contribute to the high incidence of relapse in obesity management. More research is needed to clearly ascertain whether the changes in energy expenditure and homeostatic appetite markers seen in reduced-obese individuals are a compensatory mechanism that drives relapse or a normalization towards a lower body weight, and to explore alternative hypotheses that explain relapse in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth R Dutton
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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14
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Martins C, Gower BA, Hill JO, Hunter GR. Metabolic adaptation is not a major barrier to weight-loss maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:558-565. [PMID: 32386226 PMCID: PMC7458773 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of metabolic adaptation, at the level of resting metabolic rate (RMR), remains highly controversial, likely due to lack of standardization of participants' energy balance. Moreover, its role as a driver of relapse remains unproven. OBJECTIVE The main aim was to determine if metabolic adaptation at the level of RMR was present after weight loss and at 1- and 2-y follow-up, with measurements taken under condition of weight stability. A secondary aim was to investigate race differences in metabolic adaptation after weight loss and if this phenomenon was associated with weight regain. METHODS A total of 171 overweight women [BMI (kg/m2): 28.3 ± 1.3; age: 35.2 ± 6.3 y; 88 whites and 83 blacks] enrolled in a weight-loss program to achieve a BMI <25, and were followed for 2 y. Body weight and composition (4-compartment model) and RMR (indirect calorimetry) were measured after 4 wk of weight stability at baseline, after weight loss and at 1 and 2 y. Metabolic adaptation was defined as a significantly lower measured compared with predicted RMR (from own regression model). RESULTS Participants lost, on average, 12 ± 2.6 kg and regained 52% ± 38% and 89% ± 54% of their initial weight lost at 1 and 2 y follow-up, respectively. Metabolic adaptation was found after weight loss (-54 ± 105 kcal/d; P < 0.001), with no difference between races and was positively correlated with fat-mass loss, but not with weight regain, overall. In a subset of women (n = 46) with data at all time points, metabolic adaptation was present after weight loss, but not at 1- or 2-y follow-up (-43 ± 119, P = 0.019; -18 ± 134, P = 0.380; and - 19 ± 166, P = 0.438 kcal/day respectively). CONCLUSIONS In overweight women, metabolic adaptation at the level of RMR is minimal when measurements are taken under conditions of weight stability and does not predict weight regain up to 2 years follow-up.The JULIET study is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00067873 as NCT00067873.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James O Hill
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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15
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Paixão C, Dias CM, Jorge R, Carraça EV, Yannakoulia M, de Zwaan M, Soini S, Hill JO, Teixeira PJ, Santos I. Successful weight loss maintenance: A systematic review of weight control registries. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13003. [PMID: 32048787 PMCID: PMC9105823 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss maintenance is a major challenge for obesity treatment. Weight control registries can be useful in identifying psychological and behavioural factors that could contribute to better long-term success. The objective of this study is to describe the existing weight control registries and their participants and identify correlates of weight loss maintenance. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles published until November 2018 was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies that reported results from weight control registries were considered. Fifty-two articles, corresponding to five registries (the United States, Portugal, Germany, Finland, and Greece), were included. Registries differed in inclusion criteria and procedures. Of 51 identified weight loss and maintenance strategies, grouped in 14 domains of the Oxford Food and Activity Behaviors taxonomy, the following were the most frequently reported: having healthy foods available at home, regular breakfast intake, increasing vegetable consumption, decreasing sugary and fatty foods, limiting certain foods, and reducing fat in meals. Increased physical activity was the most consistent positive correlate of weight loss maintenance. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of information about successful weight loss maintenance obtained from weight control registries. Key common influential characteristics of success were identified, which can inform future prospective studies and weight management initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Paixão
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Dias
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP), NOVA-Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Almada, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Eliana V Carraça
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sirpa Soini
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James O Hill
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pedro J Teixeira
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal.,Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Pereira LCR, Elliott SA, McCargar LJ, Bell RC, Robson PJ, Prado CM. Associations of appetite sensations and metabolic characteristics with weight retention in postpartum women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:875-885. [PMID: 32073907 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is an important risk factor for long-term obesity. Appetite may be a key factor regulating PPWR. The objectives of this study were to determine the associations between (i) PPWR and appetite; and (ii) appetite, lactation, and metabolic characteristics. Data from 49 women at 9 months postpartum contributed to this cross-sectional analysis. Energy expenditure was assessed in a whole-body calorimetry unit for 24 h. Appetite sensations were rated using visual analogue scales. Lactation (min/day) was measured using a 3-day breastfeeding diary. PPWR was negatively associated with fullness (β ± SE; R2 = -2.97 ± 0.72; 0.661; P < 0.001), and satiety (-2.75 ± 0.81; 0.617; P = 0.002), and was positively associated with hunger (2.19 ± 1.02; 0.548; P = 0.039), prospective food consumption (PFC; 2.19 ± 0.91; 0.562; P = 0.021), and composite appetite score (CAS; 0.34 ± 0.09; 0.632; P = 0.001). Lactation was associated with higher CAS (39.68 ± 15.56; 0.365; P = 0.015), hunger (3.56 ± 1.61; 0.308; P = 0.033), and PFC (4.22 ± 1.78; 0.314; P = 0.023), and with reduced sensations of fullness (-4.18 ± 1.94; 0.358; P = 0.038) and satiety (-3.83 ± 1.87; 0.295; P = 0.048). Lactation was associated with appetite, which in turn was related to PPWR. Appetite control should be explored to support postpartum weight management strategies. Novelty Postpartum weight retention was associated with appetite sensations, which were assessed throughout the day under conditions in which energy intake and expenditure were precisely matched. Lactation and other maternal metabolic factors, including carbohydrate oxidation and physical activity level may play a role in controlling appetite during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia C R Pereira
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 2-004 Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sarah A Elliott
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 2-004 Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Linda J McCargar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 2-004 Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Rhonda C Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 2-004 Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Paula J Robson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 2-004 Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.,CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 2-004 Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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17
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Ostendorf DM, Caldwell AE, Creasy SA, Pan Z, Lyden K, Bergouignan A, MacLean PS, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, Melanson EL, Catenacci VA. Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Total Daily Energy Expenditure in Successful Weight Loss Maintainers. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:496-504. [PMID: 30801984 PMCID: PMC6392078 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in successful weight loss maintainers (WLM) with normal weight controls (NC) and controls with overweight/obesity (OC). METHODS Participants were recruited in three groups: WLM (n = 25, BMI 24.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2 ; maintaining ≥ 13.6-kg weight loss for ≥ 1 year), NC (n = 27, BMI 23.0 ± 2.0 kg/m2 ; similar to current BMI of WLM), and OC (n = 28, BMI 34.3 ± 4.8 kg/m2 ; similar to pre-weight loss BMI of WLM). TDEE was measured using the doubly labeled water method. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry. PAEE was calculated as (TDEE - [0.1 × TDEE] - REE). RESULTS PAEE in WLM (812 ± 268 kcal/d, mean ± SD) was significantly higher compared with that in both NC (621 ± 285 kcal/d, P < 0.01) and OC (637 ± 271 kcal/d, P = 0.02). As a result, TDEE in WLM (2,495 ± 366 kcal/d) was higher compared with that in NC (2,195 ± 521 kcal/d, P = 0.01) but was not significantly different from that in OC (2,573 ± 391 kcal/d). CONCLUSIONS The high levels of PAEE and TDEE observed in individuals maintaining a substantial weight loss (-26.2 ± 9.8 kg maintained for 9.0 ± 10.2 years) suggest that this group relies on high levels of energy expended in physical activity to remain in energy balance (and avoid weight regain) at a reduced body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ann E. Caldwell
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Seth A. Creasy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,
USA
| | - Kate Lyden
- KAL Research & Consulting, LLC, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Département d’Ecologie, Physiologie, et Ethologie,
Strasbourg, France
- UMR 7178 Centre National de la Recherche scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Holly R. Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James O. Hill
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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18
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Hall KD. The complicated relation between resting energy expenditure and maintenance of lost weight. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:652-653. [PMID: 30321278 PMCID: PMC6454468 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Hall
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD,Address correspondence to KDH (e-mail: )
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